All language subtitles for Drain.the.Oceans.S02E13.1080p.WEB.h264-TBS_track3_[eng]

NARRATOR: Today our oceans
are ruled by a race of giants.

Megaships.

Up to a third of a mile long.

SCOTT: It's just
absolutely gigantic.

NARRATOR: But when
leviathans die.

CHRISTOPH: What destroyed
this huge giant?

NARRATOR: They take their
secrets to the deep.

Lost inside the most
awe-inspiring shipwrecks

on the planet.

Imagine if we could
empty the oceans,

letting the water drain away

to reveal the secrets
of the sea floor.

Now we can.

Using accurate data and
astonishing technology

to bring light once
again to a lost world.

Why did Britannic,
sister ship to the Titanic,

plunge to the
bottom of the seas?

How did one simple mistake send
a super-tanker to her death?

CHRISTOPH: It was the
worst oil spill in history.

NARRATOR: And can a
ghostly voice help solve

a deadly megaship mystery?

[theme music plays].

NARRATOR: Few of us see it.

But we all depend upon it.

A vast global
network of Megaships.

LARRIE: Ocean shipping
is the lifeblood of the
world economy today.

Over 90% of world trade
is carried on the water.

NARRATOR: Over
the last 40 years,

carrying capacity has tripled,
to almost 2 billion tons.

Ship builders are
locked into a race.

Bigger ships mean
cheaper transport costs,

and lower prices
for consumers.

JAMES: In ship building
there's always been this

desire to build bigger,

and the ships of today
are giants of the sea.

NARRATOR: A century ago, ocean
giants don't carry cargo.

They carry passengers.

In the golden age
of the ocean liner.

And the biggest of them
all is the Titanic.

When she tragically
sinks in 1912,

improvements are made
to her sister ship,

the Britannic,

launched just two years later.

She's the same length as
Titanic, but 18 inches wider.

However, before Britannic can
carry a single paying passenger,

World War I begins.

And she is turned into a
vast, floating hospital.

882 feet long.

Weighing 53,000 tons,

and with enough beds
for 3,300 patients.

After five successful voyages,

she sets out for the

battlefields of the
eastern Mediterranean.

Steaming towards the British
naval base at Mudros,

traveling in the Kea channel.

It's a clear day, with
no enemy in sight.

But shortly after 8am...

she sinks in just under an hour.

30 people die, but
over 1,000 are rescued.

The contradictory stories
of the survivors begin

a century of controversy.

JAMES: When Britannic was
lost the key questions were,

had it been torpedoed?

Or had it been sunk by mines?

NARRATOR: A mine is a
tragic accident of war.

A torpedo, aimed at a
clearly marked hospital ship,

is a war crime.

SIMON: There was always a
mystery about what really

happened to the Britannic.

NARRATOR: Historian, Simon
Mills believes hard evidence

may lie in the waters,
off Kea Island,

in Greece 400 feet down.

SIMON: It really was
a case of finding out

what the weapon was.

Trying to find physical
evidence on the seabed

of what actually
sank the Britannic.

SCOTT: It's a deep
dive, it's a tough dive,

but really excited about
getting in the water.

NARRATOR: Below the
surface: a lost world,

and a wreck of
startling proportions.

SCOTT: And as you
look up you have this,

this beautiful deep blue that
silhouettes the whole wreck.

It takes your breath
away it really does.

NARRATOR: Divers only
ever see a small fraction

of this lost giant.

SIMON: It's
absolutely massive.

She's the largest liner on
the seabed and as a result um,

when you're diving on her you
just cannot see everything.

NARRATOR: But now, we can
drain away the Mediterranean

and see Britannic in full.

First, the bridge.

Then, the bow,
lying on its side.

And almost 1,000 feet away:
three massive propellers,

each as big as a house,
and all still in position.

The largest ship of her age,
bigger than any cathedral.

SCOTT: It's just on
a different scale.

It, it's just
absolutely gigantic.

NARRATOR: Gigantic and
perfectly preserved.

SIMON: You can compare
it to the Titanic,

which is broken in half,
twisted, mangled and, uh,

in a terrible
condition really.

Whereas Britannic you'll
actually find that everything

is practically as it
was on the day she sank.

OWEN: Outstanding,
absolutely outstanding!

NARRATOR: So what
really sank her?

Looking for leads, Simon
turns to newspaper reports.

SIMON: She was very,
very big headlines

for several weeks after.

The Germans allegedly
had torpedoed an innocent

British hospital ship.

NARRATOR: Two eyewitness
accounts speak of a deliberate

attack, with torpedo tracks
spotted in the water moments

before the explosion.

In 1916, attacking a
hospital ship runs against

all accepted rules of war.

So is this really the
site of a war crime?

The drained wreck
site reveals evidence

no diver could ever see.

Face down on the ocean floor,

a deformed section
of the ship's hull,

probably 40 feet long
and eight feet wide,

where steel plates
are bent inwards.

Clear evidence of a
devastating explosion

on the outside of the ship.

What weapon could create
this type of blast damage?

Simon is determined to hunt
down physical evidence.

Using a submersible,
he scours the seafloor:

focusing on a spot half a
mile from the wreck site,

the area where the
explosion was reported.

For hours, he sees nothing
except sand and rocks.

No sign of torpedo
parts or fragments.

But the drained landscape
does reveal something.

It's heavily encrusted but
identifiable as a small piece

of metal three feet across.

SIMON: It looks like
a cracked eggshell.

NARRATOR: The object is
exactly the shape and size

of the casing of
an E-type sea-mine:

A standard German
device from World War I,

and it's lying close
to the spot where

the explosion was reported
over 100 years ago.

SIMON: When you see finally
see it there in front of your

own eyes you think yea,
fabulous, we've done it.

Now we finally have
the physical evidence.

NARRATOR: The mine fragments
end a century of controversy.

It's irrefutable evidence that
eye-witnesses were confused

and that Britannic was not
deliberately targeted by a

German submarine.

In fact, some reports of a
torpedo turn out to be nothing

more than wartime propaganda.

SIMON: No U-boats were
reported to be active in this

area on the day that
the Britannic was sank.

To be absolutely categoric,
she was sunk by a mine.

NARRATOR: With the key
evidence from the drained

wreck it is now possible
to reconstruct Britannic's

final, fatal moments.

She steams through
the Kea Channel.

On her way to pick up
thousands of injured soldiers.

She strikes the mine

probably laid three weeks
earlier by a German U-boat.

SIMON: There's a
huge massive bang,

the ship shook literally
for about 30 seconds.

NARRATOR: The explosion
smashes in the starboard side,

water floods into
a boiler room.

JAMES: With so much of the
hull opened to the ocean,

Britannic was doomed.

NARRATOR: The damage is far
more extensive than that which

sank the Titanic and Britannic
is quickly overwhelmed.

Another boiler room floods.

And another, until the massive
ship reaches its buoyancy limit,

sealing its fate.

It takes just 55 minutes
from explosion to sinking.

The rapid loss of Britannic,
and the Titanic before her,

alarms the world's
ship designers.

For the first time
international shipping
standards come into force.

LARRIE: It did spur
the international
community into action.

NARRATOR: The new laws are
intended to make all ships

harder to sink.

And that's never
been more important.

In the decades
after Britannic,

the era of transatlantic
air travel dawns,

and the number of
ocean liners declines.

But the number of giant
ships doesn't fall.

There are new cargoes.

One above all: Oil.

The world's appetite
for Arabia's black
gold is insatiable.

Moving it from the
Gulf to Europe,

America and Asia is a
lucrative business and

requires a new kind of
ship: the supertanker.

Up to a quarter of
a mile in length,

these leviathans can carry

nearly half a million
tons of crude.

It's vital they're
built to be safer than

any previous cargo ship.

But are they?

CHRISTOPH: It was the
worst oil spill in history.

NARRATOR: The 1,100 feet long
oil supertanker, Amoco Cadiz,

is in the English Channel,

loaded with 1.6 million
barrels of crude oil.

The colossal ship is traveling
from the Persian Gulf

to Rotterdam when off the
coast of Brittany, France,

she hits heavy
seas, and sinks.

Spilling her entire load

across the coast of
north western France.

JAMES: Amico Cadiz is
the world's first great

super tanker shipwreck disaster.

What makes it important is
it's not loss of human life

it's the amount of
oil on a coastline.

The images of oil-covered
birds flashed around the planet.

NARRATOR: The clean-up
alone costs the oil company

$200 million.

But how did an almost
new supertanker

simply break apart?

Two miles off the
coast of Brittany an
expedition is underway.

Led by diver Christoph Gerigk.

CHRISTOPH: We are here
to investigate the wreck.

We are trying to work
out what happened.

NARRATOR: While Christoph
searches underwater,

a survey team scans the
seabed with side-scan sonar,

for the very first time.

KYLE: The Amoco Cadiz
is a really big ship,

it's never been
scanned before,

so we're gonna be the first
people to actually see it.

We can just keep
going straight.

NARRATOR: After an hour they
get a hit, and it's a big one.

KYLE: Right here, that's
the wreck right there,

that's the stern.

CREW MAN: It's huge!
That is really huge.

It's massive.

KYLE: It is a big ship.

CREW MAN: It's amazing,
that's amazing.

NARRATOR: The sonar data
offers a tantalizing top-down

image of a large
section of the hull.

Using the scan as a guide

Christoph's team focuses
on an area 115 feet down.

CHRISTOPH: It's an exciting
experience to dive the Amoco

because it's just so huge.

It is a big wreck, it's maybe
the biggest wreck in the world.

You feel really
small compared to it.

Inside the tanker is
like in a big cave.

You never know where it ends.

NARRATOR: Underwater footage
offers glimpses of this giant.

Now we can do better.

And slowly a lost behemoth,
emerges into daylight.

First, the stern.

220 feet long by
160 feet wide.

Then, one of the five
massive oil tanks.

Finally, the bow,
disappearing into the sand.

CHRISTOPH: It's a landscape
of destruction and violence.

The wreck is completely
ripped apart, like this.

NARRATOR: So how was such
a huge ship torn to shreds?

The drained wreck provides
a key piece of evidence.

In one of her compartments:

what appears to be
a hairline crack

and there's more.

All across the hull, larger
sections, cracked open.

A closer look reveals why,

a metal skin only an
inch and a half thick,

a skin that once encased
over 200,000 tons of oil.

CHRISTOPH: To me it's very
surprising that such a big

ship has such a thin hull.

NARRATOR: The Amoco Cadiz
may be nearly as big as the

Empire State Building, but
her hull is paper thin.

CHRISTOPH: It's a crack which
destroyed this huge giant.

NARRATOR: Now, based in part
on the evidence from the

drained wreck, we can
reconstruct exactly how

the Amoco Cadiz met her end.

The enormous tanker
hits a force 10 gale,

with winds of 60 miles per hour

and waves up to 40 feet high.

A powerful wave slams
into the rudder,

smashing apart
the steering gear,

making the 1,100 foot long
ship impossible to control.

Over the next 12 hours,

the Amoco Cadiz is pushed
ever closer to Brittany:

notorious for its
jagged rocky coastline.

Finally, at 9:04 in the evening

the inevitable happens.

One tear, and another,

is all it takes to rupture
the weak single-hulled ship

like an eggshell
hitting a wall.

There are no human casualties.

All 44 men aboard are
rescued by helicopter.

But a region of France
famous for its wildlife
and natural beauty

is drenched in
220,000 tons of oil.

CHRISTOPH: It was the
worst oil spill ever.

It was the worst oil
spill in history.

NARRATOR: The Amoco Cadiz
changes the way the world
sees giant ships.

CHRISTOPH: In the aftermath
of the disaster and other

disasters of the same kind
there was a new law which

created the obligation for
a double-hull construction.

NARRATOR: In theory, a
double-skinned hull should be

able to withstand the worst
the sea can throw at it.

But as the global economy
continues to expand,

demand for ever-bigger
vessels grows unabated,

putting new strains
on the work horses of
international trade:

the bulk carrier.

These giants carry almost
half of the world's cargo,

shunting raw materials

from one side of the
planet to the other.

The MV Derbyshire is one of
this new generation of tough

super ships, almost 1,000 feet
long with a state-of-the-art

double-hull and
nine massive holds,

she can pack in over
160,000 tons of cargo.

Derbyshire is a true colossus,
with a range of 10,000 miles.

In July 1980, she leaves
Canada laden with iron ore,

heading for Japan.

Then on September the 9th,

she suddenly disappears
without a trace.

Without even a mayday call.

And no sign of the 42 men
and two women on board.

Their families demand answers.

DAVID: It was the
ultimate shipping mystery,

one minute it's there and
the next minute it's gone.

NARRATOR: Shipwreck hunter
David Mearns is looking for

a lost giant.

The MV Derbyshire.

DAVID: It was a ship
lost without a trace.

[radio chatter].

DAVID: Something catastrophic
happened to this ship,

and we had to bring
back the evidence.

NARRATOR: It won't be easy.

With no mayday message
Mearns has no reliable fix

on Derbyshire's final position.

And the China sea is almost
two and a half miles deep here.

DAVID: Everybody talks about
the needle in a haystack.

Well first off you need to
know where the haystack is.

NARRATOR: The only hint,
reports of oil slicks in the

days after the
ship went missing.

DAVID: That's a clue to
where the ship was lost.

Heading, Two Zero, beautiful,
right down the line.

NARRATOR: Using sonar
and gut instinct,

Mearns scans the
area for days.

Without success.

Finally, on day three...

DAVID: Okay, we've
got a large target.

NARRATOR: They spot something.

DAVID: We see this great big
structure in front of us,

and we're moving in to
it, very very slowly.

And we're counting down
to this object, 50 meters,

40 meters, 30 and 20

and then finally at
about 10 meters

out of the gloom comes this
great big piece of steel

which was the side
of the Derbyshire.

And that was it,
we had found it.

This is the grave
site for 44 people.

NARRATOR: The underwater
cameras pick out

pieces of twisted metal.

Now, as the deep ocean
drains away we can reveal

the full scale of
this lost giant,

for the first time
in nearly 40 years.

A huge bow 160
feet by 140 feet

upright on the seafloor,

broken off like
a discarded toy.

Nearby, the cover of
one of the ship's holds.

Then, behind the bow,
something totally unexpected.

The rest of the
ship, obliterated.

Reduced to tiny pieces and

spread out over
half a square mile.

DAVID: It's total
utter destruction.

We're not talking just
hundreds of pieces;

we're talking
thousands of pieces.

We were just shocked.

NARRATOR: How could
a modern ship,

engineered for safety and with
a new double skinned hull,

end its life like this?

DAVID: The real question
was, you know not that it was

broken, but what caused
the ship to sink?

NARRATOR: Three years later,
another expedition to the

wreck site looks for answers.

Lead engineer is Andy Bowen.

ANDY: For us the first
instinct when we saw the

debris on the sea floor
was just awe, really.

The immensity of the
destruction was really a

mind-blowing thing to,
to witness first hand.

How a ship could be so
completely destroyed.

NARRATOR: New data
provides a telling clue.

All around the bow,
there are air vents.

Closer inspection
shows they're open.

Their covers ripped away.

Water could have entered here,

flooding this
section of the ship.

And if the bow was flooded,

the whole vessel would become
increasingly vulnerable,

dragging her down lower
and lower into the sea.

This may explain why she
sank, but not why she's

in fragments on the sea floor.

And when Andy looks closely
at pieces of the fragmented

vessel, he makes a
remarkable discovery.

All along the edges, tiny,
brittle fracture patterns.

Evidence that an explosive force
has blasted the hull apart.

Could there be some kind
of design flaw with the

Derbyshire's
strengthened hull?

The answer lies in the strange
effects of the sea on a

sinking double-hulled ship.

When a ship sinks, at around
200 feet down the pressure is

seven times greater than
it is at the surface.

Most ships implode as they
pass this critical point.

But a double hulled ship
behaves differently.

As it crushes down, air
trapped inside the empty

spaces and voids is
violently compressed.

Pressure builds until it's
strong enough to blow the

hull apart with a force
equivalent to 16 tons of TNT.

[explosion].

It's a phenomenon known as
implosion-explosion and

takes only a matter of seconds.

DAVID: It's like taking
a balloon and popping it.

NARRATOR: Only this effect
can explain the Derbyshire's

scatter pattern on the seabed.

Yet it doesn't explain
why she sinks so quickly.

However, using
all the evidence,

it's now possible to recreate
the Derbyshire's exact fate,

in frightening detail.

NARRATOR: The 960 foot long
cargo ship, MV Derbyshire,

is fully laden, and
headed for trouble.

There's a typhoon in the
area, which suddenly changes

direction to put the
Derbyshire in its path.

Waves repeatedly
crash onto the deck.

Knocking the ventilator covers
off the front of the ship.

Sea water slowly fills a
storage area inside the bow,

gradually tilting the
whole vessel nose down

into the stormy seas.

DAVID: At this point in
time the bow is full,

and waves are rolling
up the deck of the ship.

NARRATOR: Through the night,
the ship is dragged lower and

lower into the water, but
in the chaos of the storm

the crew doesn't notice.

DAVID: Then total
disaster struck.

NARRATOR: A
massive rogue wave,

possibly as high as 90 feet
smashes in the hatch cover of

hold number one,

filling the hold with
thousands of tons of water.

With this extra weight,

the Derbyshire is
now sinking fast.

As she goes down, the hatch
covers of her other holds are

exposed to the raw
power of the sea.

[explosion].

LARRIE: It was a lot like an
underwater bomb going off.

NARRATOR: Hold number
one completely floods,

the others follow swiftly
in a deadly domino effect.

DAVID: The vessel is being
filled with water and being

pulled down by the bow.

NARRATOR: In just two
minutes she is gone.

LARRIE: The crew had
no time to react,

no time to send out a mayday.

NARRATOR: There
are no survivors,

and no sign that any
lifeboat is ever launched.

This disaster helps spur even
tougher action to regulate

cargo ship construction.

Stronger air vents
on bulk carriers,

along with alarms to
warn if they're open.

DAVID: Ultimately that has
really helped in terms of

preventing further accidents.

LARRIE: Since those
rules came into effect,

the rate of loss of bulk
carriers has been cut

effectively in half.

NARRATOR: And safety has
never been more vital.

The decades after the
Derbyshire tragedy,

witness the most important
revolution in shipping for

centuries: Containerization.

JAMES: Container ships
changed the world.

NARRATOR: These ships are a
crucial cog in globalization:

a massive increase in
international trade links.

Today, the biggest
container ships can carry

over 20,000
standardized containers.

These vast floating warehouses
can be controlled by fewer

than 30 people and use
high technology to plot

the safest and most
fuel-efficient routes.

But they're not infallible.

One of the latest
container ships,

the El Faro is carrying
almost 400 containers

along with 300 cars and trailers

from Jacksonville, Florida,
to Puerto Rico.

In suddenly menacing seas,
she runs into trouble.

Her Captain, Michael Davidson,
uses a satellite phone to make

a desperate call for help.

NARRATOR: But before he even
gets a chance to explain

what's happening, his
800 foot long megaship

vanishes off the map.

Along with all 33
people on board.

JAMES: El Faro is the greatest
marine tragedy to hit the

United States in decades.

NARRATOR: The disaster shows
that even the most advanced,

modern ships can
sometimes fail.

NTSB investigator, Eric
Stolzenberg is on mission

to find out why.

ERIC: What happened to
the El Faro was a mystery.

We didn't have any witnesses;
we didn't have the evidence

because it was lost
on the seafloor.

NARRATOR: Eric locates
the wreck using its last
known GPS position:

it's in very deep water:
3 miles down.

Sonar images suggest that the
debris is spread across an

area of 19 million
square feet.

Andy Bowen, once again
the lead engineer,

is eager to retrieve the ship's
'VDR' or Voyage Data Recorder.

ANDY: A voyage data recorder
is essentially a black box,

similar to what would be in an
aircraft and so it records a

variety of data streams,
so conversations,

telephone calls, radio calls.

NARRATOR: Any data recorded
there could be key to

understanding what went
wrong with the El Faro.

First the team needs to
confirm the wreck's identity.

They use a camera-mounted
unmanned vehicle.

As it descends it begins
to pick up ghostly images.

Twisted metal and then,

unmistakable evidence.

Yet only as the waters recede
can the full scale of this

gigantic cargo
ship become clear.

A true leviathan of the
deep, 800 feet long,

standing upright as
if still in harbor.

Surrounded by dozens
of containers.

A scene of utter devastation.

ANDY: It was a stunning sight.

Almost a blast zone of
disturbed sea floor.

NARRATOR: Working with the
US navy, they immediately

start searching for
the VDR 'black box',

ordinarily attached to the
ship's communications mast.

But the mast has
been ripped away.

And in a debris field
as vast as this,

finding it won't be easy.

ERIC: The VDR is only about
the size of a basketball,

7 inches by 8 inches,
it's a small cylinder.

NARRATOR: Can the
team track it down,

and use its data to
understand what happened here?

NARRATOR: A team of
investigators is painstakingly

scanning the huge wreck
site of the El Faro.

They're looking for its VDR,
the Voyage Data Recorder,

a tiny, basketball-sized
object that could explain

why it sank.

ERIC: Kinda like a needle
in a haystack on the bottom.

NARRATOR: After five days,
with search-time running out

they spot something glinting
in the ROV's lights.

ERIC: It was just enough to
catch somebody's eyes and so

we drove in that direction.

NARRATOR: It's a third of a
mile from where it should be.

The water's murky, and
the ROV moves slowly.

But as soon as the object
comes into view, it's clear,

this is the VDR.

The light is from its
reflective tape shining back

at the cameras.

ANDY: There was a tremendous
relief for everybody because

that was a major,
major objective.

NARRATOR: After a
year on the seabed,

does it still contain
its vital data?

The investigators start by
replaying the voice recordings.

ERIC: Yeah, it was difficult
to listen to the VDR.

ERIC: We know how it
ends, but they don't.

NARRATOR: The VDR offers
first hand evidence but

that's not all.

It also contains information
on the ship's final position

and movements.

Showing that shortly
before she sinks,

the El Faro is flooding
in hold number 3.

NARRATOR: Going back to
the drained wreck reveals

something hidden
in plain sight.

All along one of
the upper decks:

large open loading areas.

It's common practice to leave
them open like this because

the crew expect that any
water that enters here

will quickly drain away.

But then the VDR
reveals a critical clue.

NARRATOR: A scuttle is a hatch
often located between decks.

Looking at a plan of El Faro
shows that if she listed

severely in the hurricane,
thousands of tons of water can

flow in through this point,
flooding her lower decks.

Cars in the hold break free,
and strike water inlet pipes,

increasing the flooding.

Data from the VDR clinches it:

the El Faro is listing
as much as 18 degrees

amid hurricane force winds
and mountainous waves.

These openings are the
chink in this giant's armor.

Immediately the ship is
flooded, she becomes unstable,

and just 20 minutes
later, loses all power.

ERIC: The Captain does
ring an "abandon ship".

NARRATOR: But it's too late.

The El Faro, and all
her crew, are gone.

ANDY: Till the very end
it was incredible bravery.

NARRATOR: The tragedy shows
that even the most modern ships

aren't immune to the effects
of nature at its wildest.

In the meantime, the world's
sea-lanes get ever more

crowded, and the ships
plying them ever bigger.

LARRIE: At every stage
where we've built larger
and larger ships,

we ask ourselves the question:

How much bigger can we get?

And the truth is nobody really
knows how big we can go.

NARRATOR: Cargo ships are today
reaching epic proportions,

the biggest in the world
is the OOCL Hong Kong

at over 1300 feet long.

Even giant passenger
ships have re-emerged.

Cruise liners like the
Symphony of the Seas

now carry over 6,000 people.

The technology keeping
these maritime giants safe

continues to improve.

But however well they
are built and commanded,

the ocean giants of the future
will always have to face,

the uncontrollable
power of the ocean.

Captioned by Cotter
Captioning Services.