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NARRATOR: It's the greatest
aviation mystery of all time.
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PILOT: Malaysia 370 contact
Ho Chi Minh on 120.9 Good night.
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00:00:19,200 --> 00:00:25,200
NARRATOR: How can a Boeing
777 with 239 people on board
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00:00:25,240 --> 00:00:29,440
simply vanish without a trace?
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The answer lies somewhere at
the bottom of the Indian Ocean.
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Imagine if we could empty the
oceans, letting the water drain
away to reveal the secrets
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00:00:46,080 --> 00:00:48,400
of the sea floor.
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Now we can.
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Using the latest underwater
scanning technology,
piercing the deep oceans,
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00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:04,920
and turning accurate
data into 3D images.
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00:01:09,960 --> 00:01:13,120
key mysteries
of Malaysia Airlines 370.
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00:01:14,720 --> 00:01:19,040
What lessons lie amid the wreck
of previous air disasters?
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00:01:21,080 --> 00:01:25,800
Can Cold War technology extract
vital clues from the deep ocean
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00:01:31,600 --> 00:01:37,000
And if the plane is found,
what secrets could lie hidden
in the tangled wreckage?
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00:02:11,160 --> 00:02:17,640
March the 8th 2014,
Malaysia Airlines flight
370 departs Kuala Lumpur,
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on a six-hour flight to Beijing
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NARRATOR: As the Boeing 777
enters Vietnamese airspace
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it suddenly drops off air
traffic control radar.
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A modern commercial
airliner, carrying 239
people, has just vanished.
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There's no mayday call and
no wreckage at the point
of last radar contact.
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Aviation authorities
struggle to understand.
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REPRESENTATIVE: We believe
family members should prepare
themselves for the worst.
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[crying]
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NARRATOR: Families left
behind demand answers.
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WOMAN: [Speaking in Mandarin]
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NARRATOR: The Malaysian
government launches an
investigation.
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It will be the largest and most
expensive in aviation history.
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With multiple dead ends, false
leads, a deluge of speculation,
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but only a handful of real
clues.
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One of the first comes from
the Malaysian military.
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Powerful defence radar has
detected the plane, turning
back across Malaysia,
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heading northwest up the Strait
of Malacca, then disappearing
out of range here,
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just north of Sumatra.
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It's a shocking discovery.
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After it disappeared from
civilian radar, it didn't crash
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It continued flying.
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JOHN: Initially when the
airplane made a turn without
talking to air traffic control,
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in my mind, all bets were off.
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It could be a terrorist event.
It could be a deliberate act
by a crew member,
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it could be a mass failure
in the electrical system.
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NARRATOR: The next
clue comes from space.
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Although lost to radar, MH 370
continued to exchange what are
called 'heartbeat' signals
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with an Inmarsat satellite
above the Indian Ocean.
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00:05:01,240 --> 00:05:05,080
The heartbeats
come once an hour.
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00:05:05,120 --> 00:05:11,440
Frequency changes in the
signals help experts calculate
its direction of travel
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00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:15,160
and reveal something
extraordinary.
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After its initial track to the
northwest, MH370 turned south
and flew for six more hours.
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From the travel time of each
signal investigators also
calculate the plane's distance
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from the satellite.
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These lines are called arcs.
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Using the fuel load and cruisin
speed, they can recreate a rang
of possible flight paths
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00:05:41,080 --> 00:05:43,640
as the plane crosses each arc.
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The final, or seventh, arc
is deep in the Indian Ocean.
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There are no more heartbeat
signals beyond this point.
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PETER: The data was
extraordinary in as much as
you're trying to establish
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an aircraft's position based
on information that was never
intended for that purpose.
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00:06:04,520 --> 00:06:08,000
NARRATOR: It's the biggest
breakthrough so far
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instantly shifting the search
3,000 miles south of the last
military radar contact
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taking it into the jurisdiction
of the Australian government,
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and accident investigator Peter
Foley.
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PETER: This is something
extraordinary that was captured
by Inmarsat at the time
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the aircraft was in the air,
which very few people knew about
and which is absolutely key
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to the search and working out
where to look for that aircraft.
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NARRATOR: They
start looking here:
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a swathe of ocean running
seven hundred miles along
the seventh arc.
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They estimate that the
plane could lie 140 miles
either side,
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the maximum glide
range of a 777.
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00:07:05,080 --> 00:07:11,680
The seventh arc is over
1,500 miles from the
nearest land.
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00:07:11,720 --> 00:07:15,720
It will take two days
for Australian search
vessels to get there.
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00:07:16,920 --> 00:07:21,920
Two powerful storms have swept
through since MH 370 disappeare
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making the job of spotting
debris even harder.
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22 aircraft and 19 surface
vessels look for wreckage,
and possibly even survivors.
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PETER: When an aircraft
enters the ocean with energy,
you expect to see a potential
oil slick;
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you expect to see all
sorts of objects, actually,
which are buoyant,
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which are released from
the aircraft as debris.
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NARRATOR: Surface debris is
normally the first step to
finding a missing aircraft,
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but it's not a guarantee.
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Before MH370, the largest
and most expensive search in
aviation history takes place
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here, 8,000 miles away in
the Atlantic Ocean
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00:08:08,840 --> 00:08:14,120
hunting for the wreck of
Air France flight 447.
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00:08:14,160 --> 00:08:20,000
What lessons lie amid
this tangled wreckage, for
those searching for MH370?
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On June the 1ST, 2009,
Air France 447 leaves
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
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carrying 216 passengers
and 12 crew to Paris.
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00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:45,640
Weather reports indicate
severe thunderstorms
along the flight path.
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Three hours and 45 minutes
into the flight, as the
plane nears the equator,
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its on-board computers send a
burst of emergency warnings
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then falls silent.
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Olivier Ferrante is in charge
of the French search team.
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00:09:10,120 --> 00:09:13,160
The warning signals
are his first clue.
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OLIVIER: Some maintenance
messages, and an important
position message,
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00:09:16,760 --> 00:09:21,120
which was very useful
for our search.
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00:09:21,160 --> 00:09:27,960
NARRATOR: It is a deep and
remote stretch of ocean, but th
search team has every advantage
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A known flight path.
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00:09:30,640 --> 00:09:32,720
An accurate final position.
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00:09:32,760 --> 00:09:37,560
And then, surface debris
found within five days.
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00:09:39,520 --> 00:09:46,600
And yet, despite initial
optimism, it takes two
years, four expeditions,
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and forty million dollars
to find the plane.
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OLIVIER: Yes I remember
that moment when
we found the wreckage.
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00:09:54,880 --> 00:10:01,520
I was very careful, because
we've had false alerts before
and then it turned out to be
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00:10:01,560 --> 00:10:07,000
geology or not what
we were looking for.
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00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:10,360
NARRATOR: Why does
it take so long?
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Using the data meticulously
collected by the search team,
combined with the latest
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visualisation technology,
It is possible to
drain the Atlantic Ocean
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00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:27,000
revealing the hostile
world that faces every
deep-water search effort.
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00:10:28,160 --> 00:10:30,200
Immense water pressure.
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00:10:30,240 --> 00:10:35,920
Freezing cold, total darkness,
and hidden dangers everywhere.
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00:10:37,080 --> 00:10:40,960
Finally, at 12,800 feet
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00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:45,040
the shattered remains
of Air France 447.
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00:10:47,040 --> 00:10:54,680
Engines, wheel assemblies, and
other heavy items lie together
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00:10:54,720 --> 00:10:59,960
their twisted remains
a testament to the
force of the impact.
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00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:07,520
Smaller, lighter, objects
stretch along more than a
third of a mile of sea floor,
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equivalent to ten
New York city blocks.
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00:11:11,680 --> 00:11:19,200
And a critical realization:
the seabed wreckage is nowhere
near the surface wreckage.
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00:11:19,240 --> 00:11:22,880
It's almost 24 miles away.
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00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:29,200
Investigators have wasted
years searching directly
underneath the surface debris
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00:11:29,240 --> 00:11:37,400
not realizing that ocean
currents have carried it far
away from the crash site.
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00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:42,800
The long and frustrating
search for the French
aircraft carries a warning.
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00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:49,560
Even with debris and an
accurate final position, when
a plane goes into deep water,
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it's very hard to find.
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00:11:54,200 --> 00:11:59,040
A sobering thought for the
team searching for MH370.
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00:11:59,080 --> 00:12:05,600
OLIVIER: Air France was very
difficult with our area of
17,000 square kilometres.
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00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:14,360
But it's nothing compared
to the the surface that the
search teams have to for MH370.
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00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:16,800
It's much more difficult.
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00:12:19,600 --> 00:12:25,680
NARRATOR: In the southern
Indian Ocean, investigators loo
for surface debris for over two
weeks.
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00:12:26,680 --> 00:12:31,480
Even with the aid of
satellites, they find nothing.
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00:12:31,520 --> 00:12:37,400
JOHN: One of the greatest
initial mysteries and that has
transcended the entire
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00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:42,560
period of time that we have
been looking for this
airplane, where is the debris?
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00:12:46,320 --> 00:12:50,520
NARRATOR: With no debris
they need to find another
way to narrow the search.
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00:12:53,760 --> 00:12:59,480
So they focus on MH370's
'black box' data recorders.
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00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:04,440
Each has an underwater
locater beacon or ULB.
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00:13:04,480 --> 00:13:11,280
In water they emit an
electronic 'ping' with a
range of just over a mile.
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00:13:11,320 --> 00:13:14,640
Find the beacons and
you find the plane.
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00:13:15,480 --> 00:13:18,240
But time is running out.
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00:13:18,280 --> 00:13:21,920
PETER: Battery life on the
ULB's is only 30 days.
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00:13:21,960 --> 00:13:25,600
Although they do last
longer they fade out.
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00:13:25,640 --> 00:13:29,280
NARRATOR: By the time
specialist pinger locater
technology reaches the search
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00:13:29,320 --> 00:13:33,800
zone, there are just three
days of battery life left.
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[music]
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O'DELL: Steer 319.
OFFICER: Steer 319.
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00:13:46,920 --> 00:13:52,200
NARRATOR: Investigators have
only a few days to locate MH
370's black boxes,
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00:13:52,240 --> 00:13:55,680
before their locater
batteries run out.
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00:13:55,720 --> 00:14:01,240
Faced with a vast search
zone, they decide to focus
on commonly used air routes.
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00:14:01,280 --> 00:14:07,920
PETER: It was thought that if
the aircraft had been in
distress and was trying to make
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00:14:07,960 --> 00:14:11,520
to complete a flight for
example to Perth, there was
some recognized air routes.
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00:14:14,280 --> 00:14:19,000
NARRATOR: Australian navy
vessel Ocean Shield steams to
the point where the air route
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00:14:19,040 --> 00:14:22,040
to Perth intersects
the seventh arc.
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00:14:30,240 --> 00:14:37,680
The team looking for Air France
447 also used pinger locaters i
an attempt to discover the cras
site.
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00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:47,160
They begin listening
for signals within days of
the plane's disappearance.
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00:14:48,160 --> 00:14:53,960
OLIVIER: In most cases the
pinger locaters work, and that
was our assumption before
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00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:55,960
Air France 447.
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00:14:56,000 --> 00:15:03,120
NARRATOR: Ships scour
the search area for forty
days but hear nothing.
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00:15:03,160 --> 00:15:08,640
The hunters wonder:
are the locater beacons
lost, or destroyed?
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00:15:12,120 --> 00:15:17,760
Returning to the remarkable
drained seascape of the Air
France 447 wreckage reveals
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00:15:17,800 --> 00:15:21,080
the scale of the problem.
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00:15:21,120 --> 00:15:28,280
The sea floor here is 12,800
feet below the surface
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00:15:28,320 --> 00:15:33,440
deep in the mid-Atlantic ridge.
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00:15:33,480 --> 00:15:39,840
And here amid the wreckage,
nestling in the remains of the
tail plane, the black boxes,
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one with its locater
beacon still attached.
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00:15:43,640 --> 00:15:49,520
A search ship passed directly
over here, but detected nothing
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00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:54,240
The metal wreckage may have
blocked the signals, or they
could have been damaged
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00:15:54,280 --> 00:15:57,040
by the sheer force of the
impact.
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00:15:57,080 --> 00:16:02,000
OLIVIER: I think
they were unfortunately
damaged, at that stage.
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00:16:06,840 --> 00:16:11,320
NARRATOR: Investigators
listening for the MH370
black boxes can only hope
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00:16:11,360 --> 00:16:14,520
they'll have better luck.
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00:16:14,560 --> 00:16:20,000
They monitor the ocean
for fifteen days, using three
ships equipped with sensitive
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00:16:20,040 --> 00:16:26,920
listening technology,
and military aircraft
launching sonar buoys.
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00:16:26,960 --> 00:16:33,040
They do detect some
signals, but conclude it's
just random interference.
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00:16:35,080 --> 00:16:36,760
It's another disappointment.
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00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:44,240
But at this low point
there's a dramatic new lead.
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00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:53,800
A team from Curtin University
in Western Australia runs a
network of sensitive underwater
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00:16:53,840 --> 00:17:03,760
microphones called
hydrophones positioned all
around the Australian coast.
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00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:11,320
They're designed to monitor
earthquakes, Antarctic ice and
wildlife and, remarkably,
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00:17:11,360 --> 00:17:16,040
one of them has picked
up an unusual noise
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00:17:16,080 --> 00:17:25,000
1 hour and 14 minutes after
MH370's last communication
with the Inmarsat satellite.
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00:17:25,040 --> 00:17:30,880
ALEC: When we looked at the
data from that hydrophone we
found one signal that looked
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00:17:30,920 --> 00:17:35,040
as though it had interesting
characteristics.
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00:17:35,080 --> 00:17:40,000
NARRATOR: Is this the actual
sound of MH370's final moments?
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00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:51,160
Alec Duncan's team look for
other audio recordings,
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00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:55,480
so they can calculate a
geographical fix.
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00:17:55,520 --> 00:18:00,200
ALEC: One hydrophone does tell
you a certain amount about the
source of the signal,
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00:18:00,240 --> 00:18:04,120
so you can tell whether it's
a whale, you can tell whether
it's a snapping shrimp,
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00:18:04,160 --> 00:18:10,360
you can tell whether it's
just noise from the mooring,
but you can't tell direction.
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00:18:12,240 --> 00:18:16,560
NARRATOR: Fortunately, other
agencies are listening too,
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00:18:16,600 --> 00:18:22,160
[explosion sound]
185
00:18:22,200 --> 00:18:26,000
for the sound of illegal nuclea
tests
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00:18:28,120 --> 00:18:32,240
with technology that can
accurately pinpoint the source.
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00:18:35,200 --> 00:18:40,800
Just of the coast of Cape
Leeuwin in Western Australia
the Comprehensive Nuclear Test
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00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:49,160
Ban Treaty Organisation runs
a listening post specifically
designed to detect and locate
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00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:51,120
illegal nuclear tests.
190
00:18:53,120 --> 00:19:01,080
The station has three
hydrophones set one and
a quarter miles apart.
191
00:19:01,120 --> 00:19:07,120
They can determine the
direction of a sound to
within half a degree
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00:19:07,160 --> 00:19:12,000
and calculate the distance to
the source, over thousands of
miles.
193
00:19:14,600 --> 00:19:21,800
And astonishingly, this network
has detected the exact noise
heard by the team from Curtin
University.
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00:19:25,880 --> 00:19:31,080
ALEC: The analysis of the data
from Cape Leeuwin told us that
that signal had come
195
00:19:31,120 --> 00:19:36,720
from the northwest and gave us a
fairly accurate bearing
196
00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:40,400
along which the source of the
signal must have been.
197
00:19:41,960 --> 00:19:44,040
NARRATOR: It's a
tantalizing clue
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00:19:44,080 --> 00:19:49,200
and the sound does come from th
direction of the seventh arc.
199
00:19:49,240 --> 00:19:57,080
But when the scientists crunch
the numbers, the source of the
sound is far to the northwest
200
00:19:57,120 --> 00:20:03,040
so far beyond the current searc
area that it's considered not
worth further investigation.
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00:20:04,120 --> 00:20:10,160
ALEC: Our conclusion was that
he signal was most likely
to be of geological origin,
202
00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:14,240
such as a small under sea
earthquake but we can't
completely rule out
203
00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:18,320
the possibility that it
came from something to
do with the aircraft.
204
00:20:24,480 --> 00:20:30,320
NARRATOR: Faced with a new
disappointment, the search team
moves to a different approach:
205
00:20:30,360 --> 00:20:37,160
searching the sea floor
itself, using towed sleds
carrying sonar scanners.
206
00:20:42,120 --> 00:20:46,160
It will be the largest
undersea hunt in history.
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00:20:46,200 --> 00:20:51,760
But before it can even start
there's a new problem.
208
00:20:51,800 --> 00:20:57,360
This part of the Indian
Ocean has never been
surveyed in detail.
209
00:20:57,400 --> 00:21:04,640
The sleds will be close to the
sea floor and no one knows
exactly what is down there.
210
00:21:05,760 --> 00:21:09,080
PETER: We knew we'd be
operating vehicles very
close to the sea floor,
211
00:21:09,120 --> 00:21:12,840
which necessitated knowledge of
what was down there and
212
00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:16,840
so that we could avoid
collisions with terrain.
213
00:21:16,880 --> 00:21:24,240
NARRATOR: The MH370 team need a
simple way to create a snapshot
of the sea floor across the vas
search area.
214
00:21:26,880 --> 00:21:29,600
They find help in
an unexpected place.
215
00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:40,320
[music]
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00:21:40,360 --> 00:21:49,840
The team hunting MH370 across
463,000 square miles of Indian
Ocean, face one big problem.
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WALTER: More than 99 percent
of the sea floor area in this
region has not been covered by
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00:21:55,720 --> 00:22:00,760
ships with modern equipment,
satellite navigation,
multibeam echo sounding.
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00:22:00,800 --> 00:22:05,840
NARRATOR: Geophysicist Walter
Smith thinks he might be
able to fill in the blanks,
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using satellites.
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WALTER: The satellites actually
cannot see the bottom, they're
not seeing the ocean floor,
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what they're doing is using
radar to measure variations
in the sea surface height.
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NARRATOR: It's possible,
thanks to gravity.
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Mountains on the sea
floor create their own
gravitational attraction.
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Surrounding water is drawn
towards the mass, creating
measurable changes on the
surface.
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WALTER: The smallest ones I can
resolve are a kilometre or less
in height and they move the sea
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surface about 5 centimetres
and the satellite has
no problem resolving that.
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NARRATOR: It doesn't have
the resolution to spot the
wreckage of an aircraft,
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but it's enough to help create
a basic map of the sea floor
and identify hazards in the
MH370 search zone.
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What does the data reveal?
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Using the exact information
gathered by Walter Smith's team
it's possible to drain away
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the Indian Ocean to show what
the ocean floor actually looks
like.
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As the water flows away it
exposes a world no human
has ever seen before.
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Dramatic cliffs, more
than twice the height of
the Empire State Building.
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Fault lines plunging almost
20,000 feet deeper
than any canyon on land.
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A volcano-dotted valley
running for a hundred miles.
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00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:53,320
Operating underwater scanning
vehicles in this terrain will
take a huge amount of skill
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and luck.
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Armed with their new map of
the sea floor, the search team
deploys the latest in subsea
technology.
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Travelling deep underwater,
these towed sleds begin
to scan the sea floor.
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And they will be guided by
a game-changing new clue.
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00:24:21,160 --> 00:24:28,760
It comes from further detailed
analysis of the final Inmarsat
signal from MH370.
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Engineers crunch the numbers,
and discover something shocking
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In its final moments, the
plane descends rapidly, almost
certainly because after
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seven and a half hours in the
air, it's run out of fuel.
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00:24:45,360 --> 00:24:51,480
Boeing engineers then simulate
what happens when a triple seve
exhausts its fuel
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making it possible for the firs
time to recreate the likely
final minutes of MH370's
mysterious flight.
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The right engine
flames out first.
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00:25:07,200 --> 00:25:11,520
The autopilot compensates
for the imbalance with a
hard left turn.
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00:25:16,160 --> 00:25:19,480
Minutes later the second
engine flames out.
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00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:30,160
With no power, the autopilot
switches off, leaving MH370
in a long spiral decent.
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00:25:44,200 --> 00:25:47,240
[crashing sound]
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00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:06,520
In every Boeing simulation,
the crash site lies within
29 miles of the seventh arc.
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00:26:09,520 --> 00:26:14,640
These dramatic new insights
immediately reduce the size
of the search area,
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from 463,000 square miles
to just 23,000.
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00:26:21,560 --> 00:26:28,760
But that's still three and a
half times the size of the
search area for Air France 447.
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00:26:28,800 --> 00:26:30,600
ANDY: This is a
massive search area.
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00:26:30,640 --> 00:26:35,040
It's magnitudes larger
than any previous search
I have ever worked on.
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00:26:35,080 --> 00:26:39,080
NARRATOR: Deep sea salvage
expert, Andy Sherrell analyses
all the data
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00:26:39,120 --> 00:26:41,520
that's being gathered
underwater.
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00:26:41,560 --> 00:26:46,360
ANDY: Oddly enough when
I first heard about
MH370's disappearance,
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my wife was in labour
with our first child.
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00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:54,520
The news came on about the
disappearance of the flight
and my wife looked at me
and she said,
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'well that's a job you are not
going to be involved with.'
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00:26:57,960 --> 00:27:02,000
NARRATOR: Andy has been
involved ever since.
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00:27:02,040 --> 00:27:05,760
Using his knowledge from six
previous investigations,
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00:27:05,800 --> 00:27:10,160
including a search for Amelia
Earhart's Lockheed Electra.
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00:27:17,600 --> 00:27:23,920
As soon as the underwater
scanning begins, it identifies
shapes that could be manmade.
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ANDY: So when you are reviewing
the side scan sonar it comes
down in a waterfall display
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and you can see the different
intensities of, you know
soft sand versus hard rock.
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NARRATOR: Guided by the
scans, the team investigate
80 locations in detail
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but find no trace of MH370.
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00:27:46,560 --> 00:27:52,960
Then in May 2015, the
sonar picks up something
new and exciting.
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ANDY: It was a typical looking
debris field that definitely
warranted more investigation.
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NARRATOR: The debris field
covers an area similar in size
to the wreckage of Air France
447.
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00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:18,120
Could this finally be
the remains of MH370?
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00:28:20,200 --> 00:28:22,880
PETER: Sonar paints a very good
picture of the sea floor,
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and what you've got there but
it's not perfect. It's not good
enough to say with certainty
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00:28:27,120 --> 00:28:31,240
that a certain item might
be an aircraft debris field.
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You actually have to
investigate with visual means.
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NARRATOR: They launch an
autonomous underwater vehicle,
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armed with state of the art
sensors, to take a closer look.
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00:28:46,640 --> 00:28:52,120
Using the actual data it
recorded that day, it's now
possible to drain away the wate
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from over the site, revealing
the most hopeful discovery so
far in the hunt for MH370.
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At one end a pile of chains.
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00:29:05,760 --> 00:29:10,120
Then a 23 foot long metal box
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00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:15,640
rusted machinery and finally
three metal anchors.
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00:29:17,120 --> 00:29:25,240
They've found a shipwreck, its
wooden hull long rotted away.
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00:29:25,280 --> 00:29:30,360
The site strewn with
coal, probably cargo,
on its final voyage.
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00:29:32,120 --> 00:29:38,280
They haven't found MH370, but
in these dark uncharted depths
they're casting light on
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00:29:38,320 --> 00:29:40,800
tragedies from a different age.
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00:29:45,400 --> 00:29:48,880
The investigators discover
three other wrecks
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00:29:54,240 --> 00:30:00,160
Including this iron
hulled sailing ship
upright on the seabed.
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00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:11,120
And a modern fishing
trawler, nets stretched
out across the sea floor
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00:30:12,160 --> 00:30:19,080
proving that their technology
can locate and retrieve objects
as small as a piece of coal.
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00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:29,520
After fifteen months of detaile
scanning, covering 23,000
square miles of sea floor,
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00:30:29,560 --> 00:30:32,720
there's still no sign
of the missing plane.
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00:30:34,280 --> 00:30:38,960
ANDY: We have a very high
confidence that we would have
detected the plane in that
search area.
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00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:45,760
So all of these factors gives us
really high confidence that the
airplane debris field is not in
that area.
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NARRATOR: The investigation
continues, still guided by just
two key pieces of evidence:
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00:30:55,240 --> 00:31:01,520
the Inmarsat calculations
and Boeing's flight
performance data.
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00:31:01,560 --> 00:31:06,080
Then, suddenly, a third
line of inquiry brings
hope of a breakthrough.
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00:31:08,680 --> 00:31:13,360
On a remote island on the
other side of the Indian
Ocean, 3,000 miles
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00:31:13,400 --> 00:31:18,320
from the search area, a
piece of metal washes up on
a beach
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00:31:18,360 --> 00:31:21,120
and it looks like it comes from
an aircraft.
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00:31:24,440 --> 00:31:30,240
[music]
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00:31:30,280 --> 00:31:35,360
NARRATOR: In July
2015, a council worker
on Reunion Island,
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00:31:35,400 --> 00:31:42,600
a French territory in the
Indian Ocean, stumbles upon
an unusual object on a beach.
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00:31:42,640 --> 00:31:46,160
It's called a flaperon.
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00:31:46,200 --> 00:31:56,280
There is one on each wing of a
Boeing triple seven part of the
mechanism that makes it rise or
fall.
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00:31:56,320 --> 00:32:03,560
Boeing quickly confirms that
its serial number matches
that of the missing plane.
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00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:11,120
It's the first piece of
physical evidence that MH370
ended its flight in the ocean.
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00:32:11,160 --> 00:32:18,280
OFFICER: It is my hope that
this confirmation will at least
bring certainty to the families
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00:32:18,320 --> 00:32:19,400
and loved ones.
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00:32:23,120 --> 00:32:28,040
NARRATOR: The suffering of the
families attracts the attention
of amateur wreck hunter
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00:32:28,080 --> 00:32:35,080
Blaine Gibson and sets him off
on a remarkable personal quest.
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00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:40,720
BLAINE: I was very, very
touched, very moved and realized
that I needed to go do
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00:32:40,760 --> 00:32:46,520
what I could to solve this and
what I learned, what that niche
was,
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00:32:46,560 --> 00:32:55,360
was that there was no official
search for debris that washed
ashore.
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00:32:55,400 --> 00:33:02,240
NARRATOR: Blaine consults
ocean drift experts, who
direct him to Mozambique
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00:33:02,280 --> 00:33:05,000
where he makes an
immediate discovery.
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00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:13,720
BLAINE: It was a triangular
grey shaped piece of debris
that said 'no step' on it.
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00:33:13,760 --> 00:33:16,600
Clearly aircraft.
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00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:28,560
I felt an enormous sense of
responsibility because I
realised that I had just found
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00:33:28,600 --> 00:33:35,040
the second piece of debris
in the greatest aviation
mystery in history.
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00:33:35,080 --> 00:33:40,480
NARRATOR: Boeing confirms
that the "no step"
debris is from MH370.
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00:33:40,520 --> 00:33:48,160
Blaine has found it 4,350 miles
away from the main search zone.
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00:33:52,840 --> 00:33:56,080
Still acting alone, he
continues to search.
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00:33:59,360 --> 00:34:04,520
BLAINE: We just found on Raike
Beach this piece of debris.
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00:34:04,560 --> 00:34:06,200
We have not picked it up yet.
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00:34:08,520 --> 00:34:14,720
NARRATOR: Almost thirty pieces
of debris thought to come from
MH370 are recovered.
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00:34:14,760 --> 00:34:18,920
All on the western side
of the Indian Ocean.
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00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:22,160
Blaine Gibson finds
fifteen of them.
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00:34:23,200 --> 00:34:26,160
One piece stands
out from the rest.
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00:34:26,200 --> 00:34:31,440
BLAINE: The most
significant to me, and
also to the investigation,
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00:34:31,480 --> 00:34:38,320
was the case around the
TV screen on the back of
the seat in front of you.
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00:34:38,360 --> 00:34:41,960
This is the one that
brought tears to my eyes.
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00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:46,480
This is perhaps the last
thing that somebody saw.
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00:34:46,520 --> 00:34:52,560
This is what anyone who flies
on a plane would recognize.
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00:34:52,600 --> 00:34:56,240
NARRATOR: Debris like this, fro
inside the passenger cabin,
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00:34:56,280 --> 00:35:01,240
confirms that MH370 hit
the water hard.
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00:35:01,280 --> 00:35:07,080
PETER: Some of the items
indicates that there was quite
a large amount of energy
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00:35:07,120 --> 00:35:10,680
at the time the aircraft
entered the water.
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00:35:10,720 --> 00:35:15,120
NARRATOR: Another
piece of debris helps
resolve a key question.
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00:35:15,160 --> 00:35:19,040
Investigators already believe
the plane ran out of fuel.
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00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:26,000
But as it fell towards the
ocean, was someone trying to
save it with a controlled ditch
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00:35:26,040 --> 00:35:32,120
PETER: This section of main
flap was found in Tanzania,
Pemba Island in 2016 and
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00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:38,000
when imagery was passed to
us we realized it was
pretty significant.
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00:35:38,040 --> 00:35:42,120
NARRATOR: The flap extends on
an internal support track.
350
00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:48,200
Investigators discover that
the track has left impact
marks inside the flap.
351
00:35:48,240 --> 00:35:54,320
That can only happen if it is
in a retracted position strong
evidence that the plane was
352
00:35:54,360 --> 00:35:58,640
in its normal cruising state
as it fell towards the sea.
353
00:36:02,440 --> 00:36:04,760
PETER: It's been the
subject of a lot of debate.
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00:36:04,800 --> 00:36:10,000
The hard physical evidence
and our analysis showed that
it wasn't a controlled ditch,
355
00:36:10,040 --> 00:36:14,200
or there wasn't active control
from the cockpit extending the
flaps at the time
356
00:36:14,240 --> 00:36:17,320
the flaps separated from the
aircraft.
357
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:24,840
NARRATOR: The flap supports
the theory that the plane ran
out of fuel and suggests that
358
00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:28,880
no one at that point was trying
to ditch or save it.
359
00:36:35,080 --> 00:36:41,240
But the debris doesn't only
confirm how MH370 crashed.
360
00:36:41,280 --> 00:36:47,960
It opens up a new and
exciting line of enquiry that
could narrow the search area.
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00:36:52,280 --> 00:36:56,040
DAVID: I think it's enormously
important to find the plane,
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00:36:56,080 --> 00:37:00,200
because while planes crash
routinely,
363
00:37:00,240 --> 00:37:05,640
they don't just disappear and
I think this terrifies people.
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00:37:05,680 --> 00:37:10,800
NARRATOR: Oceanographer David
Griffin believes that the very
first piece of debris recovered
365
00:37:10,840 --> 00:37:15,440
the flaperon on Reunion
Island, may be the key.
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00:37:15,480 --> 00:37:17,000
SKIPPER: This'd be a
good spot, I reckon.
367
00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:20,160
The wind's probably a
bit stronger, I guess. Yep.
368
00:37:20,200 --> 00:37:25,760
DAVID: This is a Boeing
777 flaperon off another
aircraft, not MH370.
369
00:37:25,800 --> 00:37:28,960
SKIPPER: We use this anchor
to sink it again, alright?
370
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:33,880
NARRATOR: David Griffin is
trying to recreate the journey
of the flaperon across the
ocean,
371
00:37:33,920 --> 00:37:38,000
in the hope this will
pinpoint the crash site.
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00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:46,680
He compares the flaperon's
movement to these buoys.
373
00:37:46,720 --> 00:37:54,240
Known as ocean drifters, they'r
used daily all around the world
to monitor ocean currents.
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00:37:54,280 --> 00:37:57,960
DAVID: We very quickly
determined that these replica
flaperons moved about
375
00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:04,160
10 centimetres per second
faster downwind than an
oceanographic drifter.
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00:38:05,400 --> 00:38:09,680
NARRATOR: That may not sound
like much, but when he compares
it to known data about
377
00:38:09,720 --> 00:38:14,840
the currents in the seventh arc
on the day of the crash it help
him estimate the flaperon's
378
00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:18,480
travels during the 500
days it was afloat.
379
00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:30,440
It's an extraordinary discovery
380
00:38:30,480 --> 00:38:34,360
To narrow the search zone
even, further David Griffin
investigates
381
00:38:34,400 --> 00:38:38,160
another strange feature of the
debris.
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00:38:38,200 --> 00:38:43,560
DAVID: In addition to
knowing where things
are found in Africa,
383
00:38:43,600 --> 00:38:48,840
the other key thing is
where things have not been
found and that's Australia.
384
00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:53,920
NARRATOR: Why has no debris
been washed ashore in Australia
385
00:38:53,960 --> 00:38:59,040
Some of the ocean currents
in the search area flow
east towards the country.
386
00:38:59,080 --> 00:39:04,640
A plane crashing here
should leave evidence
on Australian beaches.
387
00:39:04,680 --> 00:39:09,240
DAVID: So this immediately
tells us that all those
potential parts
388
00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:13,760
of the seventh arc, where the
flow is strongly towards
Australia,
389
00:39:13,800 --> 00:39:15,080
they're essentially ruled out.
390
00:39:19,160 --> 00:39:23,760
NARRATOR: When David Griffin
looks at the historic drifter
data from the day MH370
391
00:39:23,800 --> 00:39:28,960
disappeared he finds three
places on the seventh arc where
the current would have pushed
392
00:39:29,000 --> 00:39:33,640
debris away from
Australia towards Africa.
393
00:39:33,680 --> 00:39:39,760
DAVID: Here around 35, you have
this area where everything is
moving to the west.
394
00:39:39,800 --> 00:39:43,680
Again up at 31, everything's
moving to the west.
395
00:39:43,720 --> 00:39:49,080
NARRATOR: If the plane crashed
in one of these areas, it would
explain why debris was not foun
396
00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:51,760
in Australia.
397
00:39:51,800 --> 00:39:57,240
And critically, only one of
these locations matches his
calculation of the flaperon's
journey.
398
00:39:59,200 --> 00:40:03,720
DAVID: So that led us to
propose that 35 south is the
most likely area for the crash.
399
00:40:07,840 --> 00:40:15,720
NARRATOR: 35 south is an area
that was not checked during the
initial surface debris search.
400
00:40:15,760 --> 00:40:19,800
For investigators, it's
an exciting new lead.
401
00:40:19,840 --> 00:40:21,880
But it comes too late.
402
00:40:21,920 --> 00:40:25,760
MINISTER: It is with some level
of sadness, certainly with a
great deal of frustration
403
00:40:25,800 --> 00:40:29,200
and disappointment that I stand
here and acknowledge that the
search,
404
00:40:29,240 --> 00:40:32,800
the underwater search area
effort, has been suspended.
405
00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:39,880
NARRATOR: On January the
17th 2017, after almost
three frustrating years,
406
00:40:39,920 --> 00:40:43,680
the search for MH
370 is called off.
407
00:40:43,720 --> 00:40:49,240
ANDY: Obviously I had strong
feelings and am disappointed
that we didn't find he aircraft
408
00:40:49,280 --> 00:40:55,520
but it's not for the technical
abilities or the giving it full
effort and feeling good about
409
00:40:55,560 --> 00:40:58,000
the job that we did at the time.
410
00:40:58,040 --> 00:41:02,960
PETER: It was record breaking
in terms of the time it took
and the area that was covered.
411
00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:07,480
There's never been a search as
big by an order of magnitude.
412
00:41:11,760 --> 00:41:17,080
NARRATOR: But will David
Griffin's flaperon experiment
persuade authorities
413
00:41:17,120 --> 00:41:19,600
to search 35 degrees south?
414
00:41:21,880 --> 00:41:28,640
It takes almost a year
to answer that question, and
new evidence from the skies.
415
00:41:33,000 --> 00:41:40,880
[music]
416
00:41:40,920 --> 00:41:45,800
Oceanographer David
Griffin has a new theory.
417
00:41:45,840 --> 00:41:52,120
He thinks MH370 is in
an area called 35 south.
418
00:41:52,160 --> 00:41:57,240
And in 2017, he finds
more evidence pointing
to the same place.
419
00:41:58,560 --> 00:42:04,520
DAVID: I remember the day when
I first saw those images in high
resolution and I thought my God,
420
00:42:04,560 --> 00:42:06,640
this, this really helps.
421
00:42:09,120 --> 00:42:14,760
NARRATOR: Fifteen days after
MH 370 disappeared, a French
military satellite captured
422
00:42:14,800 --> 00:42:23,600
images of possible
manmade debris in the
vicinity of 35 south.
423
00:42:23,640 --> 00:42:30,560
At that time, the location
wasn't considered a high
priority area.
424
00:42:30,600 --> 00:42:35,520
But, four years later,
it's a different story.
425
00:42:35,560 --> 00:42:37,800
DAVID: And I thought that
this is really exciting.
426
00:42:37,840 --> 00:42:40,680
This could be used to
restart the search.
427
00:42:45,560 --> 00:42:48,240
NARRATOR: A new year
brings new hope.
428
00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:56,160
In January 2018, salvage compan
Ocean Infinity sets out on a
brand new, privately funded,
mission.
429
00:42:58,960 --> 00:43:02,200
The seventh arc is
still the focus.
430
00:43:02,240 --> 00:43:07,800
But they expand the width of th
previous search zone and move
towards the new area
431
00:43:07,840 --> 00:43:11,560
identified by David Griffin.
432
00:43:11,600 --> 00:43:20,840
Once again, Andy Sherrell is
on board and this time he has
eight autonomous underwater
vehicles or AUVs.
433
00:43:22,720 --> 00:43:28,360
ANDY: One deep towed vessel
would do a swing of about thirt
days on site and over those
434
00:43:28,400 --> 00:43:33,080
thirty days on sight they would
cover about 35 hundred square
kilometres.
435
00:43:33,120 --> 00:43:38,560
Using eight AUVs simultaneously
we can cover that in about
three to four days.
436
00:43:40,760 --> 00:43:42,800
NARRATOR: It's a
high stakes gamble.
437
00:43:42,840 --> 00:43:49,160
If they find nothing,
they don't get paid.
438
00:43:49,200 --> 00:43:54,480
Ocean Infinity searches the
new priority area at 35 south.
439
00:43:58,840 --> 00:44:06,480
In five months they cover an
area almost equal in size to
the original sea floor search.
440
00:44:09,400 --> 00:44:14,800
But frustratingly, they
find no trace of MH370.
441
00:44:19,200 --> 00:44:25,640
The two search efforts
have covered almost 92,000
square miles of sea floor
442
00:44:26,640 --> 00:44:32,520
fourteen times the size of the
Air France 447 search zone.
443
00:44:32,560 --> 00:44:39,600
[music]
444
00:44:39,640 --> 00:44:47,600
In May 2018 the Malaysian
government announces that
it will not support any new
searches.
445
00:44:47,640 --> 00:44:54,600
OFFICIAL: We cannot keep on
searching for this 370 forever.
446
00:44:54,640 --> 00:44:59,200
NARRATOR: Is the wreckage of
MH370 waiting to be discovered
447
00:44:59,240 --> 00:45:08,480
in the 386, 000 square miles
of seventh arc search zone
that remains unexplored?
448
00:45:08,520 --> 00:45:14,920
Do clues to the mystery lie a
few feet outside the circle of
light and knowledge already cas
449
00:45:14,960 --> 00:45:17,840
by the search teams?
450
00:45:17,880 --> 00:45:27,880
Only time, money and the
continued desire for answers
separate us from the moment
of discovery.
451
00:45:27,920 --> 00:45:33,040
But the knowledge, hard
won over two search
efforts and four years,
452
00:45:33,080 --> 00:45:36,400
will be invaluable
for any future hunt.
453
00:45:39,040 --> 00:45:43,400
Using the extraordinary
data gathered by hundreds
of investigators,
454
00:45:43,440 --> 00:45:50,760
we can drain the area around th
seventh arc to reveal what MH37
might look like
455
00:45:50,800 --> 00:45:55,120
when it is found.
456
00:45:55,160 --> 00:46:00,160
The debris will stretch out
over thousands of yards.
457
00:46:00,200 --> 00:46:04,360
The engines will
be in one piece, the
fuselage in thousands.
458
00:46:08,080 --> 00:46:13,160
The nearby black boxes
will reveal if anyone was
in the cockpit at the end.
459
00:46:16,080 --> 00:46:21,440
Emergency oxygen cylinders
may show if the plane
depressurized in flight,
460
00:46:21,480 --> 00:46:24,720
whether intentionally or
the result of an accident.
461
00:46:26,360 --> 00:46:33,600
And personal electronic devices
could reveal the experiences an
fate of individual passengers
and crew.
462
00:46:36,160 --> 00:46:42,600
It will be a profound moment,
one that Andy Sherrell has
experienced before.
463
00:46:42,640 --> 00:46:46,680
ANDY: It's a really surreal,
kind of sombre moment because
you realise all of a sudden
464
00:46:46,720 --> 00:46:53,240
that you have found this you,
gravesite, this place where
all these people perished.
465
00:46:53,280 --> 00:46:58,160
It's sad but it's also a bit of
relief because you know that
from that point forward
466
00:46:58,200 --> 00:47:00,760
some answers are going to come
back.
467
00:47:00,800 --> 00:47:04,320
OLIVIER: I think you have to
be to remain optimistic,
and if you don't search,
468
00:47:04,360 --> 00:47:05,440
you don't find.
469
00:47:05,480 --> 00:47:08,280
So hopefully at the end
you will find it.
48088
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