Original subtitles

of all their evil actions nothing

defines the Nazis like the final

solution the murder of some 6 million

Jews but how did they get an entire

nation to buy into the wholesale

Slaughter of an innocent race they're

performing murder and terrible crimes

but at the same time trying to make it

look as though it's

correct this is the story of how Hitler

and the Nazis groomed the German people

he likened the Jews to a virus or a

wound that that won't heal using all

their darkest Arts to make them

complicit we do have partners in crime

here in the worst genocide in human

history

[Music]

[Music]

of one thing Hitler never makes any

secret he hates the

Jews recovering from his wounds at the

end of the first world war he blames

left-wing Jewish politicians for

surrendering stabbing Germany in the

back in the 1920s depression he rails

against a Jewish

conspiracy the root of all evil from

communism to corrupt

financiers this poisoning of the nation

the German Jew is the Enemy Within he an

enemy in in racial terms in cultural

terms in National

terms the Jews greatest crime is that

they pollute the pure genes of the Aryan

m

race they must be

eliminated the nation is no longer

willing to be sucked dry by these

parasites everything he'd said since

1922 pointed towards the ultimate idea

that you rid yourself of the Jews

physically by 1941 he is master of

everything he has defeated France

captured Poland and his army is

advancing deep into the Soviet Union now

he can begin on a lifetime's ambition to

create a pure German Nation free of

Jews but how can he carry the German

people with

[Music]

him he has always been aware his

anti-jewish policy is an acutely

sensitive issue for ordinary citizens

in fact during his first four years in

power Hitler barely mentions the Jews in

public and when he does move against

them it is slowly step by

step they're banned from certain

professions then they lose their rights

as Citizens and their

livelihoods thousands are driven to flee

abroad during all of this

there are some objections however most

Germans just stand and

watch but the actual killing the

elimination of all those who remain

their own neighbors is still a step too

far he recognized in the German people

there was this residual sense of decency

which could be offended by horrific

policies but killing Jews is

indecent it will take all the Nazis

skill to sell this to the German

people it's a task for Joseph Gobles the

Nazis master of

persuasion Geral shares the fur's

loathing of the Jews and is determined

to convince his fellow

Germans it was Gobles who was

responsible for selling the idea that

the Jews were this kind of cancer or

this plague at theit part of German

Society he realized that if you could

control what people

consumed then you could control them and

he was one of the first people to

realize

that Cinema is one of his favorite tools

for manipulating public

opinion the film The Eternal Jew

produced by gal's propaganda

unit has a stark

message wherever Jews settle they behave

like rats and

parasites the film portrays the Jew as

the Eternal corruptor specifically of

course in the sense of of

the German people to buy into this evil

agenda is going to be a complex

process the danger lies in inflaming

public

opinion and the risk of getting things

wrong is already brutally

clear since 1939 the Nazis have been

carrying out a secret euthanasia

campaign it will become their dry run

for how to commit mass murder without

upsetting the German

public first they need willing

accomplishes pliable nurses and doctors

are instructed to single out terminally

ill and disabled

children the next step is to deceive the

people who might

object parents are told their loved ones

are to be sent to care centers for

special treatment

and finally they need a method of

killing quiet and

discreet they choose Murder By lethal

injection some 5,000 innocent children

are

killed their only crime to be sick or

disabled the truth is hidden by false

death certificates blaming measles or

pneumonia

it's Hitler sort of kind of dipping his

toe in the water with the German public

to see what he can get away

with then the regime escalates the

program targeting tens of thousands of

disabled adults in institutions across

Germany ramping up the numbers involves

more

doctors and some voice doubts about the

legality of the

policy it's a problem that goes to the

furer himself himself and so Hitler

wrote a note which he rarely did and

signed saying to the people the chancel

you concerned with the medical

profession that this was now a policy

that could be followed

[Music]

legitimately for the German doctors it's

Now official they are obeying the fur's

orders that's what the new culture is

they say to themselves that's the

environment uh that's the classic Road

to

Hell a secret Department known as

T4 is set up to Mastermind the

process to kill so many quickly and

quietly they need new

techniques what the man at T4 come up

with is a shower

room except these pipes and shower heads

don't carry

water they deliver poisonous carbon

monoxide

gas in many ways the euthanasia program

uh represents the absolute bestiality of

the Nazi

regime tens of thousands of Germany's

sick and disabled are murdered in this

way and it's an extraordinary program

because all those involved knew what was

going on it's not as if they were

blinded they accept that you euthanasia

is a legitimate policy the killing of

Germans by Germans is

legitimate but then the truth about the

killing starts to leak

out gradually of course the public

living close to those

institutions began to get an awareness

that something unusual was going on

people start to worry other sick

relatives might be the next

victims the discussion starts here and

there about will this be applied to our

wounded

soldiers the Catholic Church picks up on

the public fears and stands up to the

regime famously Bishop V galin gave a

sermon in which he denounced his program

um not on the grounds that it is

necessarily unethical to kill people but

on the grounds that these were Germans

that were being killed he emphasized

that these were our Brethren members of

our

families the outcry becomes so strong

Hitler is forced to make a rare public

climb down officially halting his

euthanasia campaign within

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description the protest against

euthanasia has taught the Nazis several

lessons first if their racial policies

threaten German families public opinion

won't wear

it second any further killing will have

to be well hidden far from Germany

itself and third the fura must not be

associated with anything

disreputable these lessons will Define

how the Nazis deal with the

Jews in particular Hitler will never

personally sign a compromising

document he didn't want his own name

associated with the worst extremities of

the anti-jewish

program 2 years into the war Hitler is

Riding High on the success of his

campaign against the Soviet

Union he is content to leave the

handling of the Jewish question to his

loyal

henchmen officially re Marshall Herman

guring Hitler's number two is in charge

of Jewish

Affairs but in fact it will be Hitler's

fanatical SS selected for their Devotion

to the Nazi cause who will deliver the

final solution

[Music]

their leader is Heinrich himler a Nazi

party member since the

1920s he shares Hitler's resolve to rid

Germany of the

Jews and his right-hand man SS General

Reinhardt hyri is even more

terrifying he found in his subordinate

rhynard hyri absolutely the perfect man

to carry out the destruction of a people

as head of the Nazi Security Forces

Reinhardt hydrick is one of the most

feared men in Germany if you gave Hitler

a piece of paper and asked them to

sketch out the perfect Nazi I think he

probably would have sketched out rard

hydri he was tall he was blonde he was

athletic he is a man of many

talents a champion fencer a fighter

pilot a skilled

violinist but above all he is a

fanatical

Nazi he had all the characteristics that

made him the Aryan Superman hyri really

is the rising man of the Nazi racial

killing

machine since

1939 hydri has been wreaking havoc in

the conquered territories in the

East his secret death squads the einat

grouin slaughter thousands of of Polish

Jews those who survive are rounded up

into

ghettos nearly 3 million await their

fate in appalling

conditions then hydri SS thugs follow

Germany's armies into the Soviet

Union continuing their murderous

campaign against the

Jews news of hydri massacres in the East

begins to trickle back home to

Germany dear Hana last night 150 Jews

were shot in this town men women and

children all bumped

off don't worry about it it has to be

done but don't tell anyone

else many thousands of Germans now know

what is happening out

east but they do nothing

it confirms what the Nazis Leed from the

euthanasia

program they can get away with killing

Jews out of sight far from

home so this was something that was

percolating

outwards inside Nazi Germany it was sort

of um you know the secret that would

never dare to speak its

name as hydri plots a far bigger attack

on the Jews he needs Authority from

above he can't get it from Hitler who

wants to keep his involvement

secret so hydri turns to someone

else and prepares one of the most

important documents in the story of the

final

solution he takes his secret letter to

the home of right Marshall heron guring

the man Hitler has officially put in

charge of Nazi Jewish

policy what hydri wants is ging's

signature authorizing him to produce a

plan for the Naz intended final solution

to the Jewish

question this is the stamp of approval

he needs

but it will be another 5 months before

hydri has his plan in

[Music]

place meanwhile Hitler's armies are

pushing deeper and deeper into the

Soviet

Union far from the eyes of the German

people hydrix killer squads are ramping

up their Slaughter of the Jews they're

looking for the most efficient method

for mass

murder still just using

[Applause]

bullets soon hydrix SS develop a

Sinister

routine the Jews are rounded up and

taken to a remote execution

site the first arrivals are forced to

dig a

pit what happens next is revealed in

this amateur film shot in ltia by German

Soldier a group of Jews is lined up in

front of the mass

grave and

shot then another group is brought in

layer upon

layer the Nazis call it sardine

packing here we see a massive escalation

of the policy of extermination of the

Jews going on in effect

we have now a holocaust of Soviet Jews

already taking

place the worst Slaughter takes place in

the

Ukraine at the Ravine known as

babiar 33,000 are killed in Just 2

[Music]

days as hydri ramps up the slaughter he

finds he doesn't have enough of his

racist SS thugs he needs new

recruits there is some evidence that

there was a bit more resistance to to

taking part in the killings than than

perhaps there would have been in the IR

at grion but this was by and large

overcome and it was done by by the use

of for example alcohol uh given out

freely uh to these people that would

anesthetize them against the against the

effects if you like of seeing large

numbers of people killed in front of

them

but hyri knows this Mass killing is

still taking its toll on his

men most of these men rapidly became

horribly troubled and Disturbed and it's

very largely this experience which

pushes himla and hyrich to look for

other ways of killing huge numbers of

people back home Hitler is still looking

for a way to deal with the 200,000 Jews

living in

Germany everybody knew Jews they were

part of German Society they were Germans

they had fought in the first world war

they had won iron

crosses so gal's propaganda machine has

to be mobilized to create a sense of

difference to set them apart from their

pureblood German Neighbors

stage one give them a

star a Jewish German and a non-jewish

German may not look that different but

what you can do is label them with a

star and it's the yellow star is

absolutely key to differentiating them

and it starts kind of staining

them anyone above the age of six is

obliged to wear the yellow star of

David this is the real moment at which

they really say to the people on the

streets these people are different from

everybody else they're not German they

are Jewish and the Jews are an unwanted

race in our third

right stage two is to make sure Germans

do not socialize with Jews to keep them

physically

apart don't be foed into thinking ah

he's nice because I know him he's a Jew

they're Jews and therefore they're a

threat Geral keeps up a stream of

propaganda carrying the Insidious

message that it's not the Nazis who are

turning on the

Jews the Jews have brought this misery

on

themselves for one of his slogans of the

weak he uses a quote from

Hitler if the international Jewish

finers should succeed in plunging the

Nations once more into a World War then

the result will not be the victory of

jury but the annihilation of the Jewish

race in

[Applause]

Europe it is a masterful piece of

propaganda it absolves the German people

of any

guilt the Jews will be responsible for

their own

destruction the

single most disturbing thing that Geral

achieved that was scapegoating he was

polluting the mind of a

Nation slowly but surely the Nazis are

grooming German citizens to accept the

removal of the 200,000 Jews still living

as their

neighbors however even now they are wary

of inflaming domestic public opinion

the Hardline is softened for public

consumption so that people who are

already been trained to be anti-jewish

are not pushed too

far the Man In Charge SS General

Reinhardt hydri begins a campaign of

deception the official line is that the

Jews are to be resettled in the

East HRI of course realizes what you

can't just say uh publicly it's right

we're going to kill 6 million people

tomorrow morning um you know you you got

to do a bit more subtly than that um and

you know when you're talking about

evacuating people to the east um you've

got to make it look as though they

really are just being evacuated to the

[Music]

east so hydri sets up a model camp at

teresian stat in the occupied Czech

Territory news reels are released

showing it as a safe place where German

Jews can

resettle and it was for provided with

facilities that many ordinary Germans

didn't have um swimming pools complex of

Cinemas massage areas the idea being

that although we've removed the Jew from

our midst we're not making him suffer

because we're giving him a way of life

which is perfectly consistent with

civilized

[Music]

standards It's a cruel

deceit for most Jews teresian stat is

really just a stop before they are sent

on their way to the horrific ghettos in

occupied Poland and around the

[Music]

Baltic and that's one of the kind of

terrifying elements of the Nazi regime

is they're doing performing murder and

terrible crimes but at the same time

trying to make it look as though it's

[Music]

correct but hyrri's deportation of the

German Jews creates a new

problem out in the East the ghettos are

already crammed

full because of the overcrowding local

Nazi leaders in the occupied

territories start to kill Jews to make

space for the

newcomers this almost leads to a public

relations

disaster in late 1941 a thousand German

Jews are dispatched East to the model

camp at teresian

stat and these aren't just any Jews many

of them are elderly war heroes holders

of the Iron

Cross then there's an error they're sent

to a ghetto in lvia where Jews are being

massacred but because of mix up in the

administration of it they end up in R

and most of them are

shocked it's a catastrophic

error if the news leaks out the German

people would be appalled

it's a warning to hydri and SS Chief

Hinrich himler killing German Jews needs

their close

control by now their plans for the SS to

deliver the final solution are

ready An Elegant Lakeside Villa in the

Berlin suburb of

van is the venue for a top secret

meeting high ranking civil servants The

Men Who Run the German State Nazi party

officials and members of the Reich

Security Forces assemble for one of the

most notorious gatherings in history

in this quiet palatial atmosphere all of

the stakeholders who will decide the

fate of European Jews are

assembled awaiting them will be Adolf

ikan Chief organizer of Jewish

deportation he is to become a key player

in the Nazis Final

Solution Ian was a virent anti-site he

was a uh very uh passionate man man in

many ways he was a drunkard he had

affairs he was a very committed Nazi and

he really felt that what he was doing

was absolutely right and he wasn't just

doing it because he was a a boring civil

servant he was doing it because he

wanted to kill

Jews his role today is to keep the

minutes of the

meeting the mood is relaxed despite the

Sinister

agenda Ian's Superior hydri is in the

chair first hydri makes it clear his

authority comes from the very top via

guring Hitler's number two and what he

is putting forward is an SS run

operation what hydri had to do was to

establish that what he was doing or

proposing at van was in fact the fur's

policy the meeting is so sensitive the

only reference to the Nazis real plan is

in the careful language of Ian's minutes

the Jews already under German control

will be put to work in the East the

majority will die those that survive

will have to be dealt with

appropriately dealt with appropriately

is code for what we know as the final

solution the plan is to kill all of the

11 million Jew Jews in

Europe it is

genocide this is a task too big for

hydrix death

squads it will require murder on an

industrial

scale what Hydra brought to the table

was an incredibly analytical mind a very

very cold evil way of thinking that

could just regard genocide as a kind of

uh challenge for a civil servant hydri

needs the men around him to mobilize

Germany's resources and

infrastructure they will have to be

involved in this

crime van is the coming together in

administration terms of all the leading

authorities concerned with transport

with um Gathering of the Jews with

treatment of them when they the Food

Supplies Etc that's got that's a

logistical problem that's got to be

resolved by logistical

[Music]

means to hydri relief there is no

dissent in just over an hour hydri has

the agreement he wants the German state

will be mobilized and the SS are in

charge of the final

solution now it's just a question of

practicalities

in the remote area of Eastern Poland

there are huge SES of Deep Dark Forest

if you want to get rid of a people

that's the place to do it this is a

place where people can just

[Music]

disappear the SS already has a base here

in the city of

Lublin they have rounded up thousands of

Jew into labor camps and ghettos they

must now be discreetly

killed hydri has already been

experimenting on the best way to do

it he's brought in his top expert in

mass

murder one of the most unpleasant of a

very unpleasant Bunch called Nazis was

fellow called Christian vert uh he's

involved in the euthanasia program he

designs the death rooms uh and he uses

his knowledge and experience to apply it

to extermination of Jews and he was the

one that said you can't destroy Jews at

peace meal as we did in the euthanasia

program we need thousand a day 2,000 a

day see this as a major logistical

problem on his way to Lublin vert does

some

research at the town of Helo they are

already experimenting on how to kill

polish

Jews first they are LED into a sealed

chamber unaware they are entering the

back of a large

truck exhaust fumes are pumped in and

the victims soon die of carbon monoxide

poisoning but killing one truckload of

50 Jews at a time is not going to

deliver the final

solution vert's orders offer mass murder

hidden away in Poland's dense

forests he needs a more efficient

continuous process to kill the numbers

required so at his first location near

the remote Village of

belet vert installs a static combustion

engine to pump exhaust fumes into large

sealed gas

Chambers belet becomes a blueprint for

other secret death

camps so

and

trinka with Helo they form a lethal

network of

extermination all carefully chosen

because they are close to the railway

lines the Nazis now carry out the first

stage of their

plan they liquidate the

ghettos some 1 and a half million Jews

are shipped to these

camps crammed into C met trucks and

goods

wagons brought in like

cargo to be eliminated swiftly and out

of

[Music]

sight unlike the vast concentration

camps in Germany which were

prisons these death factories take up

just a small

clearing these Forest are places where

evil happens and the Nazis chose a spot

that almost feels evil for what they did

there took place it is quite the most

terrifying spot and it's not just

terrifying because what we now know that

happened there it's terrifying because

it's remote it's dark it's lonely and

it's sort of a place that just gives you

a sense of absolute

[Music]

hopelessness hidden from German eyes the

rounding up of Polish Jews is a brutal

affair

[Music]

a very different challenge is how to

round up German Jews and send them to

the death

camps the man in charge of this problem

is hydrick killer bureaucrat Adolf

ikan he is The Mastermind of the

deportation program the Holocaust the

destruction of the Jews was a

bureaucratic process and to run a

bureaucratic process you need

bureaucrats Adolf akman is the

archetypal bureaucrat functioning in

administrative sense is the key to

success of any policy it's got to be

programmed the issue facing ikan is how

to get rid of these Jews without

upsetting their neighbors without

ordinary Germans finding out what is

really going

on the answer is the familiar Nazi

tactic

deception people are told that the Jews

are being resettled sent to a safe

destination

at the railway stations they won't see

any Sinister cattle trucks the Jews

leave on comfortable passenger trains

with tickets food and money for the

journey and this deception seems to work

on Germans and Jews this is probably the

most amazing part of the process that it

seems to all go on in a kind of matter

of fact way we don't see any massive

riots at the uh German collecting points

they do assemble thinking that you know

resettlement in the East might actually

be better than walking around a German

Street by now and being abused their

civil rights have been taken away their

dignity have been taken away their

property had been taken away many of

them thought things might actually get

better they'd accepted they had no place

in Germany and maybe hey things in

Poland could be no worse than what they

are

the Jews will not discover the truth

about their final destination until they

are far from German

soil the Nazis continue their deception

to The Bitter

[Music]

End the commandant of trinka death camp

orders the construction of a fake

railway

station complete with painted wooden

clock its hands always fixed at 6:00

[Music]

just enough to reassure the new

arrivals but this stop will be their

last convinced they are to have a shower

for health reasons men and women are

separated and remove their clothes their

hair and beards are Shor off then

suddenly they are rushed into the tube a

narrow Corridor lined with barbed wire a

dark chamber looms but it is it's too

late the journey from train to death

takes just 90

minutes the Nazis are now operating such

an efficient system nothing can stop

[Music]

it not even when Reinhardt hydri the

Chief Architect of the final solution

Falls victim to an assassination

attempt at his funeral the biggest sort

of Nazi uh showpiece funeral of the

entire period all the Nazis are there

and Hitler seems to even be shedding a

few tears at losing this sort of

rightand Arian

Superman in Hy's honor his boss SS Chief

Hinrich himler names the death camp

project action Reinhardt and vows to

step up the slaughter in

[Music]

Poland in the forests of Eastern Poland

the Nazis are carrying out their final

solution to the Jewish question it is

genocide at the end of

1942 Adolf ikan the Nazis killer

bureaucrat receives detailed reports

from the secret polish death

camps over a million Jews have already

been

killed Hitler's vision is being

fulfilled there was a time when the Jews

in Germany laughed at my prophecies but

take my word for it they will stop

laughing

everywhere follow following the Nazis

master plan the Jews are being worked to

death or murdered

outright out in Poland the Nazis are

less discreet in their

killing the midanik Concentration Camp

built on a hill in full view of the city

of Lublin was originally intended to

house Soviet prisoners of

War under SS control it becomes another

Grim destination for tens of thousands

of Polish Jews shipped in as forced

laborers living in the most brutal

conditions many of them will die from

sickness and

exhaustion as a key part of the Nazis

Final Solution the camp is equipped with

facilities for

extermination po ous carbon monoxide is

used in the gas

Chambers and a crematorium is installed

with ovens to burn thousands of

bodies death camps slave labor camps

extermination camps it's hard to Define

which is Wich at some

points all we know is people are dying

they're dying through a number of ways

starvation some are being gassed some

are being systematically killed some are

being beaten to

death 200 miles to the West one of the

largest polish work camps is transformed

into the Nazis most notorious killing

machine and it is here at alitz

burkau that the mass murder of the final

solution will reach a truly barbaric

level alongside a vast industrial

complex himler orders the construction

of gas Chambers and crematoria capable

of slaughtering up to 6,000 people every

day and the Nazis now have a new

technique for murder a chemical designed

to kill

pests zyclone B is a cyanide based

substance in a warm moist atmosphere it

turns from pellets into a highly toxic

gas the death cells were constructed

with with either pipes into them at high

level or holes in the roof through which

the pellets could be

dropped the killer pesticide is soon

being used by the Nazis on a massive

scale they are moving here into

absolutely new territory nobody in

history has attempted to do something

like this before

so they they they they are literally

finding ing their

way manufacturing zeyon B boosts the

profits of Germany's chemical industry

the complicity of the great

manufacturing chemical companies is

obvious they later at nurenberg and

afterward said we didn't know it it's

being useful why would you need zeyon be

on that scale of production if it wasn't

against

people by this stage many more Germans

are becoming aware of what is happening

to the

Jews there's one amazing incident where

a a freight train was going towards aitz

and one of the survivors said that he

was in this freight train and he said

that at one of the train stations at a

German station somebody shouted we know

where you're going to the gas Chambers

so you can see that in these little

towns even people knew what was

happening so I imagine in that

particular freight train then there was

a certain amount of trepid

to help Finance his evil plans himler

turns the final solution into a

commercial

partnership between the SS and Germany's

corporate

Giants the SS make a fortune leasing out

their Jewish prisoners men women and

children to work in IG faron's factories

we can actually see that in The Killing

process we do have partners in crime

here not just the Nazis but also here a

massive capitalist Enterprise that

enters into this project with the Nazis

and actually finances

it and it's not just big business that's

implicated in genocide thousands of

ordinary Germans are making their own

contribution so you've got the train

driver driving a trainload of Jews

across Europe he knows what's going on

but he's not asking any questions you've

got the civil servant working in some

small Department in Berlin who's

probably responsible for supplying the

cattle trucks for a certain shipment of

Jews he's just following orders but what

you've got are a lot of very small cogs

each of whom think well I'm not really

taking part in this I'm just doing a

small thing but when you put all those

cogs together then you've got a murder

machine but when you take it apart each

of those cogs can say it wasn't me with

this complicity of Silence

no German needs to speak openly about

the final

solution no one needs to take

responsibility and all of this seems to

happen with barely a flicker of protest

back

home by

1943 himler is able to declare that

Germany itself is almost uden rine Jew

free

the only resistance comes in one

celebrated

event when the Nazis tried to deport a

group of Jews married to German

women famous occasion known as the Rosen

straser Affair where a number of Jewish

men who had been rounded up their

non-jewish wives came together and

protested on

mass outside Nazi officials houses and

buildings such was their determination

that threats to them to disperse went

unheeded when the protests become public

it causes real consternation at the

highest

levels even now the Nazis are scared of

admitting what is really going

on and the Nazi officials eventually

came to the conclusion far better to

give way than to try and face them down

and the husbands were allowed to go back

to the

wives they even reprieve 35 Jews who had

already been sent to

aitz but the Rosen stasa protest is an

isolated

occasion by now the vast majority of

Germans have other things to worry about

they are starting to lose the war and

their first concern is their own

families they were being you know bombed

Around the Clock by the British and the

Americans they had huge food shortages

um their own children were dying in

droves on the Eastern Front um so you

know I think there was very little

capacity within many people's minds to

actually really care about what was

happening to some Jews

for Hinrich himler the final solution

represents a hideous

Triumph a recording exists of his speech

to a secret meeting of ss

leaders he is openly

proud this is a page of Glory never

mentioned and never to be mentioned this

admission that we can't can't be

acknowledged as heroes in the public eye

is a sure sign that what they've done

would be

unacceptable by now they have killed

some 4 million Jews since the start of

the

war another 2 million will be murdered

before it is

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over but the Germans must feel no

guilt himler shifts the blame onto the

Jews they are respons responsible for

their

Annihilation we have the moral right we

had the duty to our people to do it to

kill this people who wanted to kill

[Applause]

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us and so the German people become

complicit in one of the worst crimes in

history

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