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FOX:
For nearly 300 years,
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the Vikings were
one of the most brutal
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and feared armies
in the history of the world.
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Some say their military prowess
was a gift from the gods.
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Others say it came from
their unrivaled skills
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on the battlefield.
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But new controversial evidence
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points to another source
altogether.
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This has been
unprecedented.
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Was the fearsome Viking army
so powerful...
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FOX: It's crazy.
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FOX: ...because women
were warriors, too?
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I'm going on a journey back
1,300 years to Viking times...
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It's like a really cool
"Game of Thrones" set.
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FOX: ...through historical
Norse texts...
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It looks like Merlin.
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FOX:
...actual Viking remains...
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This is the richest
Viking Age grave ever found.
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Wow.
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FOX:
...and Scandinavian magic...
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...to uncover the truth...
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...of Viking women warriors.
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And this forces us
to rewrite everything
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that we thought we knew
about all ancient cultures.
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All across the world,
our ancient ancestors
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left behind towering mysteries
and enchanting myths.
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That looks like
a magic wand.
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As an actress,
I've been lucky enough
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to peek behind the curtain
at some of these ancient sites.
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I've never been
in a crypt before.
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FOX: And it's ignited
an insatiable curiosity in me
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to know more about
these lost worlds...
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FOX: It's amazing
that under our feet,
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there's so much history.
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FOX: ...some of which
are still buried
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deep in our distant past.
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That is amazing.
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For subtitling services, contatct:
waqas.zahoor89@gmail.com
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♪♪
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This looks really beautiful.
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And then there's also all this
incredible archeology
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in, like, every direction.
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Just pick a spot, start digging,
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and you'll find
something amazing.
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I've traveled to the small town
of Borre, Norway,
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a land of misty fjords
and unspoiled beauty.
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But over 1,000 years ago,
this was a center of power
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and influence
for the Viking empire.
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For subtitling services, contatct:
waqas.zahoor89@gmail.com
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There's much written about
Viking legend and lore,
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but in actuality,
we know very little about
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who they were
and how they lived.
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♪♪
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Megan.
So nice to meet you.
Great to meet you.
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FOX: So I'm at
the Midgard vikingsenter
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to meet Marianne Moen,
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an archeologist who has
dedicated her professional life
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to deciphering the mysteries
of the Viking people.
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So, we're here at
the reproduction
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of what we think a chieftain's
hall would have looked like.
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So it's not
your average house.
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This is where
the chieftains would have
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shown off their wealth
and their power.
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At this site,
archeologists have studied
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thousands of Viking artifacts
to try to reconstruct
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how this mysterious people
would have lived.
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♪♪
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Like a really cool
"Game of Thrones" set.
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It really is, actually.
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You're quite right.
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Everything
that you see here
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is more or less reconstructed
or based on
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archeologically found
artifacts.
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FOX: What was
the Viking Age like?
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So, the Viking Age comes
at around about 750,
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and it finishes
about 1050.
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In the Viking heartland,
it's a fairly peaceful society.
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But then you get the view
of the Vikings abroad,
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and it's a completely
different story.
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Well, if you're trying
to conquer a land,
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I mean, it's hard to do that
in a kind, gentle way.
Yes!
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Yeah, it really is,
isn't it?
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FOX: For 300 years,
from 750 to 1050 A.D.,
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the Vikings were arguably
the most feared
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and powerful army
in the world.
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They began as
small Scandinavian tribes
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that banded together
to raid towns,
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but by 793,
their power had grown,
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conquering the island
of Lindisfarne
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off the coast
of modern-day England.
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Their success on the battlefield
centered around
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their ambush tactics
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and the use of thousands
of advanced longships.
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These boats could sail
deep oceans,
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as well as rivers
as shallow as three feet,
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allowing the Vikings to launch
surprise amphibious attacks
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on wealthy waterfront targets.
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At the height of their power,
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the Vikings controlled
settlements
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in over 50 of today's
modern countries,
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from Newfoundland
to Europe to Russia.
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In total, the Viking territory
stretched more than 5,500 miles.
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That's larger than
the Roman Empire.
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I think when most people
think of the Vikings...
Mm-hmm.
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...myself included,
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we picture
a very patriarchal society.
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- Yeah.
- Do you agree with that?
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When you talk about
the Viking Age,
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a lot of people have this idea
that women ruled the inside
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and that men basically
ruled everything else.
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FOX:
Just a few months ago,
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a Viking warrior grave
in Birka, Sweden,
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first discovered in 1889,
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underwent state-of-the-art
DNA analysis,
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and the results have set
the archeological world ablaze.
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This is the Birka grave?
- Yeah.
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The Birka warrior is
fascinating in so many ways.
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What is the most
interesting thing
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is that it contains things
that indicates military rank
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that are pretty much
purely associated with
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a male typical burial.
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So, you have your sword,
and you have your ax.
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There are arrows in here.
There are shields.
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So, this was talked about
and written about
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as a male grave
for well over a century.
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People spoke about it being
a typical example
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of a very high-status warrior
at this town,
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until last year when
the DNA study was published,
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and it turns out to have been
a woman all along.
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♪♪
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For an archeologist,
this has been unprecedented.
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FOX: For centuries, many have
believed that Viking women
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were merely
subservient housewives.
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But is it possible
that the ferocious Viking army
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had women warriors
in its ranks?
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It is now a fact that
this person is a woman.
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What you do with that
and where you go with
the interpretation --
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that's what
the open question is.
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It brought out such
strong feelings in people
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who so much wanted this
to be a female warrior,
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and then it brought out
such strong feelings
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in those who really didn't want
her to be a female warrior.
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FOX: These new findings have
sparked a massive debate
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among archeologists,
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00:07:04,324 --> 00:07:06,124
with some insisting
that just because
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this woman was buried
with weapons,
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it doesn't mean
that she actually used them
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on the battlefield.
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What is the likelihood of
these weapons were gifts
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from a husband or things
that she had inherited?
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Personally,
I don't think so
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because there is
nothing else here,
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so that would be that
her entire identify
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is made up
of her husband's.
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- Her husband.
- Yeah.
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So I think a very interesting
placement of that body
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in sort of communication
with the rest of the grave.
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Well, yeah, the sword is on
either side of her hands...
Yeah. Yeah.
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...where she would put them up
if she was gonna use them.
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Exactly, exactly.
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Why do you think
it's so controversial?
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One of the main objections
is that, you know,
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she wouldn't have been able
to use her weaponry.
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We have women in the military
now that carry those guns...
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Oh, yes.
...that are about
50 to 80 pounds.
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Exactly.
Just because you're small
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doesn't mean
you can't be strong.
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- Do you have a husband?
- Yeah.
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Have you ever been
mad enough at him
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that you could
swing a sword?
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- Every day. [ Laughs ]
- Right?
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I know.
I'm a small person.
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Brian's a lucky man
we don't have those
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laying around the house.
[ Laughs ]
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FOX:
If there were female warriors,
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then centuries
of well-established history
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that says the Vikings
were an archaic culture
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with rudimentary gender roles
would be shattered.
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And that would force us
to rewrite everything
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we thought we knew
about the Viking culture
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and possibly about
all ancient cultures.
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♪♪
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But solving this 1,300-year-old
puzzle won't be easy.
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It's about finding
the bread crumbs
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and connecting them.
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So I'm heading to a small island
50 miles off the coast of Sweden
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where an active archeological
dig is currently unfolding.
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Dan?
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Hi. Megan.
How are you?
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FOX: Dan Carlsson is
the site's lead archeologist.
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His recent discovery of
Viking graves on the island
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could be the key
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to putting these
centuries-old pieces together.
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00:09:03,911 --> 00:09:05,777
FOX: How many graves
do you think are here?
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00:09:09,416 --> 00:09:10,549
Mm-hmm.
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00:09:17,157 --> 00:09:19,190
FOX: Of the dozens of graves
in the area,
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00:09:19,192 --> 00:09:21,226
Dan is excavating nine of them,
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00:09:21,228 --> 00:09:24,930
and he's determined that all of
them hold the remains of women.
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Yeah, yeah, please.
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FOX: Hundreds of artifacts
were discovered
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00:09:31,004 --> 00:09:32,304
in these female graves,
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00:09:32,306 --> 00:09:34,406
which provide
an unprecedented look
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00:09:34,408 --> 00:09:36,441
into the lives
of Viking women.
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Okay.
205
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Okay.
206
00:09:48,722 --> 00:09:49,921
Okay.
207
00:09:51,391 --> 00:09:52,657
Yeah.
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Wow.
209
00:09:59,666 --> 00:10:00,765
Yeah.
210
00:10:02,569 --> 00:10:04,603
This is?
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00:10:04,605 --> 00:10:06,671
Wow.
212
00:10:06,673 --> 00:10:09,274
It's cool
to get to hold it.
213
00:10:09,276 --> 00:10:10,442
[ Laughing ]
214
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What is this?
215
00:10:24,691 --> 00:10:26,858
It looks like magic.
216
00:10:29,830 --> 00:10:32,130
Yeah.
That's amazing.
217
00:10:32,132 --> 00:10:34,966
So, this comes from where?
218
00:10:34,968 --> 00:10:38,036
Mm. So that's evidence
of trade, obviously.
Yeah.
219
00:10:42,175 --> 00:10:45,176
FOX: The Vikings were not only
brilliant on the battlefield,
220
00:10:45,178 --> 00:10:47,445
they were also
shrewd businessmen,
221
00:10:47,447 --> 00:10:49,280
setting of sophisticated
trade routes
222
00:10:49,282 --> 00:10:53,351
stretching through Europe, Asia,
and the Middle East --
223
00:10:53,353 --> 00:10:56,321
trade route riches and resources
to build the ships and weapons
224
00:10:56,323 --> 00:11:00,125
necessary to keep
their war machine running,
225
00:11:00,127 --> 00:11:01,893
Dan and his team
have also uncovered
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00:11:01,895 --> 00:11:05,363
hundreds of thousands
of silver coins on this island
227
00:11:05,365 --> 00:11:07,866
from as far away
as the Middle East,
228
00:11:07,868 --> 00:11:10,735
suggesting that Gotland would
have been an extremely wealthy
229
00:11:10,737 --> 00:11:12,604
Viking trading center,
230
00:11:12,606 --> 00:11:16,107
connecting goods from the east
and Viking money from the west.
231
00:11:24,418 --> 00:11:26,084
Yeah.
232
00:11:26,086 --> 00:11:27,352
No.
233
00:11:27,354 --> 00:11:30,188
It feels like
a bullet, almost.
234
00:11:30,190 --> 00:11:32,691
Oh, it's a weight?
235
00:11:32,693 --> 00:11:34,192
For a scale.
236
00:11:44,938 --> 00:11:47,238
Yeah.
237
00:11:47,240 --> 00:11:49,641
Yeah. So she was
maybe a merchant.
238
00:11:51,411 --> 00:11:52,644
Yeah.
239
00:11:55,649 --> 00:11:57,515
FOX: Viking women were
supposed to be at home
240
00:11:57,517 --> 00:11:59,384
tending to their families.
241
00:11:59,386 --> 00:12:01,453
But now, here's evidence
that they could have been
242
00:12:01,455 --> 00:12:04,422
traveling the world
as financial power players,
243
00:12:04,424 --> 00:12:06,024
keeping the Viking coffers
filled
244
00:12:06,026 --> 00:12:08,626
for more pillaging and conquest.
245
00:12:08,628 --> 00:12:10,929
Was being a merchant
and a trader --
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00:12:10,931 --> 00:12:12,163
was that typically
thought of
247
00:12:12,165 --> 00:12:16,334
as a male occupation
or thing to do?
248
00:12:16,336 --> 00:12:18,136
You have to sort of
guess or assume
249
00:12:18,138 --> 00:12:20,972
to a certain point to connect
the dots in archeology,
250
00:12:20,974 --> 00:12:23,341
so why do you think the theory
that there could have been
251
00:12:23,343 --> 00:12:25,777
a Viking female warrior
is so outrageous?
252
00:12:25,779 --> 00:12:28,113
Because it doesn't require
any more guesswork
253
00:12:28,115 --> 00:12:30,281
than any of
this other stuff does.
254
00:12:35,889 --> 00:12:37,055
Yeah.
255
00:12:38,825 --> 00:12:39,924
Right.
256
00:12:45,565 --> 00:12:46,965
Yeah.
257
00:12:46,967 --> 00:12:49,834
FOX: If Viking women were
traveling the world as traders,
258
00:12:49,836 --> 00:12:51,569
they weren't just homemakers.
259
00:12:51,571 --> 00:12:53,605
They served a central
and critical role
260
00:12:53,607 --> 00:12:56,541
in financing one of
the most revered fighting forces
261
00:12:56,543 --> 00:12:58,376
in Europe.
262
00:12:58,378 --> 00:13:01,946
So, Viking women worked
to support the war efforts.
263
00:13:01,948 --> 00:13:04,783
But could they actually
have fought in those wars?
264
00:13:04,785 --> 00:13:08,753
♪♪
265
00:13:08,755 --> 00:13:11,790
We're actually getting
special access today.
Wow.
266
00:13:11,792 --> 00:13:15,894
This is the richest
Viking Age grave ever found.
267
00:13:15,896 --> 00:13:18,930
Wow.
That is amazing.
268
00:13:29,676 --> 00:13:30,975
FOX:
The recent discovery
269
00:13:30,977 --> 00:13:32,777
that a Viking warrior grave
in Birka, Sweden,
270
00:13:32,779 --> 00:13:34,946
actually contains a woman
271
00:13:34,948 --> 00:13:38,550
has generated
an archeological firestorm.
272
00:13:38,552 --> 00:13:40,885
For centuries, Viking women
were believed to be
273
00:13:40,887 --> 00:13:44,756
not much more
than subservient housewives.
274
00:13:44,758 --> 00:13:47,692
But is possible that
1,300 years ago,
275
00:13:47,694 --> 00:13:51,796
the ferocious Viking army had
female warriors in its ranks?
276
00:13:51,798 --> 00:13:56,534
♪♪
277
00:13:56,536 --> 00:13:57,702
Hi.
- Hi.
278
00:13:57,704 --> 00:13:59,137
- How are you?
- I'm good. How are you?
279
00:13:59,139 --> 00:14:00,572
Good.
280
00:14:00,574 --> 00:14:02,340
FOX:
I'm meeting Leszek Gardela,
281
00:14:02,342 --> 00:14:04,676
a leading expert
on Viking burials.
282
00:14:04,678 --> 00:14:09,214
Today we'll get to see a lot
of exciting Viking stuff.
283
00:14:09,216 --> 00:14:12,083
We're actually getting
special access today.
284
00:14:12,085 --> 00:14:15,553
I was wondering why we were
coming in through the back way.
285
00:14:17,824 --> 00:14:19,357
Look to your right.
286
00:14:19,359 --> 00:14:21,292
- To my right?
- Yep.
287
00:14:21,294 --> 00:14:23,294
Wow.
288
00:14:23,296 --> 00:14:26,731
- So...
- That is amazing.
289
00:14:26,733 --> 00:14:32,403
♪♪
290
00:14:32,405 --> 00:14:35,440
FOX: Although first excavated
in 1904,
291
00:14:35,442 --> 00:14:38,343
this Viking burial discovered
65 miles away
292
00:14:38,345 --> 00:14:40,044
in Oseberg, Norway,
293
00:14:40,046 --> 00:14:42,680
is still helping archeologists
answer questions
294
00:14:42,682 --> 00:14:44,382
about the Vikings.
295
00:14:44,384 --> 00:14:48,753
This is the richest
Viking Age grave ever found.
Wow.
296
00:14:48,755 --> 00:14:50,054
This was in a grave?
297
00:14:50,056 --> 00:14:51,222
This is a grave.
298
00:14:51,224 --> 00:14:53,191
The entire ship
was under the ground?
299
00:14:53,193 --> 00:14:55,460
The entire ship was
underground,
300
00:14:55,462 --> 00:14:57,795
buried under
a burial mound,
301
00:14:57,797 --> 00:15:01,633
and containing numerous,
numerous objects.
302
00:15:01,635 --> 00:15:03,935
Amazing.
303
00:15:03,937 --> 00:15:05,470
FOX:
Viking burials like this,
304
00:15:05,472 --> 00:15:08,139
where the dead were sent to the
afterlife inside their ships,
305
00:15:08,141 --> 00:15:11,309
were reserved for the most
important members of society,
306
00:15:11,311 --> 00:15:16,347
like kings, nobles,
and highly decorated warriors.
307
00:15:16,349 --> 00:15:18,116
Commoners were either cremated
308
00:15:18,118 --> 00:15:21,252
or buried with their belongings
under a mound of earth.
309
00:15:23,623 --> 00:15:27,592
The ship is definitely a symbol
of power and prominence.
310
00:15:27,594 --> 00:15:31,129
It is something
that commands respect.
311
00:15:31,131 --> 00:15:33,731
Someone who was given
a burial like this
312
00:15:33,733 --> 00:15:36,067
must have been someone
really, very, very important.
313
00:15:36,069 --> 00:15:37,802
- Mm-hmm.
- But guess what?
314
00:15:37,804 --> 00:15:38,970
What?
315
00:15:38,972 --> 00:15:42,573
This is also
a female grave.
316
00:15:42,575 --> 00:15:45,209
A female was buried
with this massive ship?
317
00:15:45,211 --> 00:15:49,047
Actually, two women
were found onboard.
318
00:15:49,049 --> 00:15:53,017
FOX: The two women buried
in this ship died in 834 A.D.,
319
00:15:53,019 --> 00:15:56,888
one at 80 years old
and the other at about 50.
320
00:15:56,890 --> 00:15:58,723
These are from the grave?
- From the grave.
321
00:15:58,725 --> 00:16:01,359
- She wore those shoes?
- Yep.
322
00:16:01,361 --> 00:16:04,162
FOX: That's amazing.
I don't know why that --
323
00:16:04,164 --> 00:16:06,564
I guess 'cause it's
so human all of a sudden.
324
00:16:06,566 --> 00:16:08,900
You see someone had
their feet in those shoes.
Yeah.
325
00:16:08,902 --> 00:16:10,401
It's really amazing.
326
00:16:10,403 --> 00:16:12,904
What is the theory of why
there were two women inside?
327
00:16:12,906 --> 00:16:14,172
Various theories.
328
00:16:14,174 --> 00:16:16,674
The original theory
was that one of them
329
00:16:16,676 --> 00:16:18,242
was someone
really powerful
330
00:16:18,244 --> 00:16:23,281
and that the younger woman
was perhaps her servant.
331
00:16:23,283 --> 00:16:25,850
And today a lot of people
are thinking that perhaps
332
00:16:25,852 --> 00:16:29,854
both women were of equal status,
of equal importance.
333
00:16:29,856 --> 00:16:33,424
But we don't know exactly
how and why they died.
334
00:16:33,426 --> 00:16:36,627
♪♪
335
00:16:36,629 --> 00:16:38,963
FOX: The key to understanding
who these women were
336
00:16:38,965 --> 00:16:40,798
and why they were so important
337
00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:43,101
lies not only
in how they were buried,
338
00:16:43,103 --> 00:16:44,969
but what they were buried with.
339
00:16:44,971 --> 00:16:47,605
[ Beeping ]
340
00:16:47,607 --> 00:16:49,407
- Please, after you.
- Thank you.
341
00:16:49,409 --> 00:16:52,076
FOX: Leszek takes me to
the rare-artifacts section,
342
00:16:52,078 --> 00:16:55,680
where belongings from the burial
are kept under lock and key.
343
00:16:55,682 --> 00:16:57,081
Do you know
what we're about to see?
344
00:16:57,083 --> 00:16:58,316
- I do.
- Oh, okay.
345
00:16:58,318 --> 00:16:59,584
- Do you?
- No, I have no idea.
346
00:16:59,586 --> 00:17:02,520
- You'll find out in a second.
- Is it a snake?
347
00:17:04,924 --> 00:17:11,829
♪♪
348
00:17:11,831 --> 00:17:14,599
Wow.
- Yes.
349
00:17:14,601 --> 00:17:17,101
That looks like
a magic wand.
350
00:17:17,103 --> 00:17:19,670
It's like Professor Snape's
wand from "Harry Potter."
351
00:17:19,672 --> 00:17:22,240
Mm, of course. Or like
Gandalf's staff if you --
352
00:17:22,242 --> 00:17:24,575
Or like Gandalf's staff,
yeah.
353
00:17:24,577 --> 00:17:25,777
How old is this?
354
00:17:25,779 --> 00:17:29,247
This is
1,000 years old.
355
00:17:29,249 --> 00:17:31,249
- It's made out of iron?
- Yes.
356
00:17:31,251 --> 00:17:32,884
You can see there are
different details
357
00:17:32,886 --> 00:17:34,719
that are still preserved.
358
00:17:34,721 --> 00:17:38,523
FOX: Magical staffs are
all over pop culture today.
359
00:17:38,525 --> 00:17:42,393
But there are references that
go back as far as 2,000 B.C.,
360
00:17:42,395 --> 00:17:44,395
with the tales of priests
in ancient Persia
361
00:17:44,397 --> 00:17:48,399
using bunches of sticks to
connect to the spiritual realm.
362
00:17:48,401 --> 00:17:50,368
2,500 years later,
363
00:17:50,370 --> 00:17:54,038
the Vikings were also
no strangers to conjuring magic.
364
00:17:54,040 --> 00:17:57,341
They were rumored to use
pieces of wood called runes
365
00:17:57,343 --> 00:18:01,345
to predict the future
and to heal the sick.
366
00:18:01,347 --> 00:18:04,315
Don't you wonder who
the first person was to decide
367
00:18:04,317 --> 00:18:08,252
that there was something
magical about a staff and why?
Hmm.
368
00:18:08,254 --> 00:18:11,956
And maybe there was something
magical about that first staff,
369
00:18:11,958 --> 00:18:15,560
because they believed it
for centuries and centuries.
Yeah.
370
00:18:15,562 --> 00:18:18,463
Even in the story of Moses,
he cast down his staff,
371
00:18:18,465 --> 00:18:21,099
it turns into a snake,
and it eats the other snake.
Absolutely.
372
00:18:21,101 --> 00:18:22,867
Of course, it is
definitely something
373
00:18:22,869 --> 00:18:27,205
that was an emblem
of great power.
374
00:18:27,207 --> 00:18:29,841
FOX: This magical staff was
clearly very important
375
00:18:29,843 --> 00:18:32,276
to the Viking women
buried with it.
376
00:18:32,278 --> 00:18:35,113
But exactly what kind of
powerful rituals
377
00:18:35,115 --> 00:18:37,148
could they carry out with it?
378
00:18:37,150 --> 00:18:38,850
There seems to be
this idea
379
00:18:38,852 --> 00:18:41,319
that these
ritual practitioners
380
00:18:41,321 --> 00:18:44,622
were involved in warfare
in one way or another,
381
00:18:44,624 --> 00:18:48,793
either perhaps providing some
form of supernatural protection.
382
00:18:48,795 --> 00:18:52,997
That's cool.
Of course, know about the
barsark, or the berserkers.
383
00:18:52,999 --> 00:18:54,365
What were the berserkers?
384
00:18:54,367 --> 00:18:57,368
The berserkers --
they are described as warriors,
385
00:18:57,370 --> 00:19:00,905
fearless warriors,
who could not be hurt.
386
00:19:00,907 --> 00:19:03,174
FOX: Berserkers were champion
Viking warriors
387
00:19:03,176 --> 00:19:05,676
who fought in a trace-like fury.
388
00:19:05,678 --> 00:19:08,679
This is where the English
word "berserk" comes from.
389
00:19:08,681 --> 00:19:11,415
To enter this
war-frenzy state,
390
00:19:11,417 --> 00:19:15,219
they would take these
special substances.
391
00:19:15,221 --> 00:19:18,856
So there definitely are
very strong aspects of magic
392
00:19:18,858 --> 00:19:21,025
used for warfare.
393
00:19:21,027 --> 00:19:24,595
So it's possible that these
two women were buried like kings
394
00:19:24,597 --> 00:19:27,031
because they had mastered
a type of magic
395
00:19:27,033 --> 00:19:29,534
that gave them unrivaled power
on the battlefield.
396
00:19:29,536 --> 00:19:32,236
And, of course, archeology
is extremely dynamic...
Yeah.
397
00:19:32,238 --> 00:19:35,973
...so people keep finding
new things all the time.
Right.
398
00:19:35,975 --> 00:19:37,708
FOX: So, were these
two Viking women,
399
00:19:37,710 --> 00:19:41,445
in fact, champion warriors?
400
00:19:41,447 --> 00:19:43,014
And is there a bigger story
401
00:19:43,016 --> 00:19:45,616
that their bones and scepters
are telling us?
402
00:19:45,618 --> 00:19:49,554
♪♪
403
00:19:57,397 --> 00:20:00,364
♪♪
404
00:20:00,366 --> 00:20:02,600
FOX: Did the ferocious
and powerful Viking army
405
00:20:02,602 --> 00:20:04,569
have female warriors
in its ranks?
406
00:20:04,571 --> 00:20:09,707
♪♪
407
00:20:09,709 --> 00:20:12,543
Or were women rarely more than
subservient housewives,
408
00:20:12,545 --> 00:20:15,012
like the history books tell us?
409
00:20:15,014 --> 00:20:17,114
I'm turning to
Norse oral traditions
410
00:20:17,116 --> 00:20:21,686
to try and let Viking women
speak for themselves.
411
00:20:21,688 --> 00:20:23,321
KVILHAUG:
The mythology of people --
412
00:20:23,323 --> 00:20:26,757
they reflect on their attitudes,
their ideals,
413
00:20:26,759 --> 00:20:30,328
and to some extent also
the world in which they lived.
414
00:20:30,330 --> 00:20:35,166
Did the myths
actually reflect reality?
Yeah.
415
00:20:35,168 --> 00:20:38,269
FOX: Maria Kvilhaug is one of
Norway's leading experts
416
00:20:38,271 --> 00:20:39,704
on Norse mythology.
417
00:20:39,706 --> 00:20:43,307
She has a near-supernatural
grasp on the "Poetic Eddas,"
418
00:20:43,309 --> 00:20:44,642
a collection of Viking myths
419
00:20:44,644 --> 00:20:47,545
orally passed down
from generation to generation
420
00:20:47,547 --> 00:20:50,615
and finally written down
in the 13th century.
421
00:20:50,617 --> 00:20:53,184
What god was actually
the most important varied,
422
00:20:53,186 --> 00:20:56,754
so each tribe had
slightly different gods
423
00:20:56,756 --> 00:21:01,158
that they paid more attention
to than the others.
424
00:21:01,160 --> 00:21:03,594
Viking myths,
like the story of Thor,
425
00:21:03,596 --> 00:21:06,063
the god of thunder
who slayed giants,
426
00:21:06,065 --> 00:21:09,066
or Odin, the god of war who
sacrificed his right right eye
427
00:21:09,068 --> 00:21:10,935
to drink from
the Well of Knowledge,
428
00:21:10,937 --> 00:21:13,437
are still powerful legends
today.
429
00:21:13,439 --> 00:21:15,806
But in the hundreds of pages
of the "Eddas"
430
00:21:15,808 --> 00:21:19,543
that mention dozens of gods,
kings, and legendary warriors,
431
00:21:19,545 --> 00:21:24,181
there is one striking trend that
sets Viking mythology apart.
432
00:21:25,551 --> 00:21:29,387
Most of the myths that
we know from the Viking Age,
433
00:21:29,389 --> 00:21:34,558
female are just as powerful
in Norse myths as the male.
Mm-hmm.
434
00:21:34,560 --> 00:21:36,927
Women -- they could take
leading roles,
435
00:21:36,929 --> 00:21:39,230
and we see that
in the mythology.
436
00:21:39,232 --> 00:21:40,898
These warrior women --
those women who
437
00:21:40,900 --> 00:21:43,234
do pick up arms
and they do fight --
438
00:21:43,236 --> 00:21:45,936
they're sometimes called
shield-maidens.
439
00:21:45,938 --> 00:21:48,139
FOX: The shield-maidens
of Norse mythology
440
00:21:48,141 --> 00:21:52,343
are as ferocious and powerful
as their male counterparts,
441
00:21:52,345 --> 00:21:54,578
from Hervor, who avenged
her father's death
442
00:21:54,580 --> 00:21:57,682
by leading Viking raids
on a haunted island,
443
00:21:57,684 --> 00:21:59,116
to Lagertha,
444
00:21:59,118 --> 00:22:04,455
who fought alongside Viking
kings in Sweden and Norway.
445
00:22:04,457 --> 00:22:07,692
And the legends
of powerful Viking women
446
00:22:07,694 --> 00:22:10,027
go all the way to the top.
447
00:22:19,906 --> 00:22:21,072
Ahh.
448
00:22:25,411 --> 00:22:27,545
FOX: The Volva is one of
the most important figures
449
00:22:27,547 --> 00:22:29,447
in Norse mythology.
450
00:22:29,449 --> 00:22:32,116
She used powerful magic
to see the future,
451
00:22:32,118 --> 00:22:34,952
and even Odin turned to her
for critical advice.
452
00:22:36,989 --> 00:22:40,725
Not only is the Volva on the
Mount Rushmore of Viking gods,
453
00:22:40,727 --> 00:22:43,728
but she also spawned a real-life
class of Viking women.
454
00:22:43,730 --> 00:22:46,464
♪♪
455
00:22:46,466 --> 00:22:47,965
[ Indistinct singing ]
456
00:22:47,967 --> 00:22:50,034
I'll follow you.
You lead the way.
457
00:22:50,036 --> 00:22:54,872
[ Singing continues ]
458
00:22:54,874 --> 00:22:57,007
FOX: I'm visiting a group
of Viking historians
459
00:22:57,009 --> 00:22:59,343
who live like this class
of ancient women
460
00:22:59,345 --> 00:23:01,979
as a way to try
to understand them.
461
00:23:01,981 --> 00:23:03,981
[ Drumming and
indistinct chanting ]
462
00:23:03,983 --> 00:23:06,117
[ Horn blows ]
463
00:23:08,087 --> 00:23:09,019
[ Applause ]
464
00:23:09,021 --> 00:23:10,287
That was awesome.
465
00:23:10,289 --> 00:23:11,856
Thank you.
466
00:23:30,476 --> 00:23:33,144
FOX: This class of women,
also known as seeresses,
467
00:23:33,146 --> 00:23:36,013
were rumored to channel
the power of their ancestors
468
00:23:36,015 --> 00:23:40,251
to predict the future
and to conjure magic.
469
00:23:40,253 --> 00:23:43,053
They were in such high demand
that they would be lavished
470
00:23:43,055 --> 00:23:46,056
with gifts
in exchange for their powers.
471
00:23:46,058 --> 00:23:49,326
So much for women just being
subservient housewives.
472
00:23:49,328 --> 00:23:52,930
Our ancestors in the past
were in a lot of ways
473
00:23:52,932 --> 00:23:55,933
more progressive
than we are right now.
474
00:23:55,935 --> 00:24:01,772
♪♪
475
00:24:01,774 --> 00:24:04,341
Deep in the forest
of Tomter, Norway,
476
00:24:04,343 --> 00:24:06,110
the Volva women
have arranged for me
477
00:24:06,112 --> 00:24:09,180
to take part in
one of their ancient rituals.
478
00:24:10,750 --> 00:24:13,217
FOX: There's no, like,
dark spirits or anything
479
00:24:13,219 --> 00:24:15,019
we're calling in?
480
00:24:19,325 --> 00:24:22,493
FOX: Maria Jacobsen is
a modern-day seeress
481
00:24:22,495 --> 00:24:25,796
that practices the traditions
of Viking magic.
482
00:24:50,523 --> 00:24:53,691
Maria will guide me
in a ritual called utiseta,
483
00:24:53,693 --> 00:24:55,493
which means "sitting out."
484
00:24:55,495 --> 00:24:59,497
It's the Viking version
of a vision quest.
485
00:24:59,499 --> 00:25:01,599
The seeresses would sit out
in the forest
486
00:25:01,601 --> 00:25:03,734
overnight in solitude,
487
00:25:03,736 --> 00:25:05,669
and by entering
a trace-like state,
488
00:25:05,671 --> 00:25:07,671
they could channel
the spirits of nature
489
00:25:07,673 --> 00:25:09,473
and their ancestral magic.
490
00:25:09,475 --> 00:25:12,877
♪♪
491
00:25:12,879 --> 00:25:17,114
Some say magic is just science
that we don't understand yet.
492
00:25:17,116 --> 00:25:19,850
For me, like,
I believe in magic.
493
00:25:19,852 --> 00:25:21,986
I have a need
to believe in magic.
494
00:25:21,988 --> 00:25:23,888
It gets into my bones.
495
00:25:28,728 --> 00:25:29,894
Okay.
496
00:25:33,666 --> 00:25:35,099
One of them is
my grandmother,
497
00:25:35,101 --> 00:25:36,734
so I know
she's here right now.
498
00:25:36,736 --> 00:25:41,772
♪♪
499
00:25:41,774 --> 00:25:45,009
FOX:
I'll wait for the sun to go down
500
00:25:45,011 --> 00:25:47,912
and then find
a spot in the forest,
501
00:25:47,914 --> 00:25:49,513
and in that quiet,
try to connect
502
00:25:49,515 --> 00:25:51,615
to the power of my ancestors
503
00:25:51,617 --> 00:25:53,817
and the nature spirits
around me.
504
00:26:02,161 --> 00:26:03,761
It's gonna alter
my consciousness
505
00:26:03,763 --> 00:26:07,364
because, like, I sleep with
a light on in my hotel room...
Yeah.
506
00:26:07,366 --> 00:26:08,699
...'cause I'm scared...
Yeah.
507
00:26:08,701 --> 00:26:10,267
...'cause
I'm really sensitive
508
00:26:10,269 --> 00:26:13,370
to energies and spirits
and things like that.
509
00:26:13,372 --> 00:26:16,373
And so I would never go out
into the forest alone.
510
00:26:16,375 --> 00:26:17,908
No.
511
00:26:19,478 --> 00:26:21,078
FOX:
It's getting dark.
512
00:26:23,049 --> 00:26:25,282
I'm scared of the dark.
I'm scared of forests.
513
00:26:25,284 --> 00:26:27,618
I'm scared of being alone.
514
00:26:27,620 --> 00:26:29,486
I'm scared of a lot of things.
515
00:26:29,488 --> 00:26:34,224
I mean, on a scale of 1 to 10
of on a terror scale,
516
00:26:34,226 --> 00:26:37,628
I'm at about a 7,
creeping towards an 8.
517
00:26:37,630 --> 00:26:43,200
♪♪
518
00:26:43,202 --> 00:26:44,501
Okay.
519
00:26:44,503 --> 00:26:46,170
And as soon as you guys
start to trickle away,
520
00:26:46,172 --> 00:26:48,706
it's gonna go up to a hard 10,
521
00:26:48,708 --> 00:26:50,674
and then I don't know.
522
00:26:50,676 --> 00:26:53,143
Nanny, are you with me?
523
00:26:53,145 --> 00:26:56,413
All of my spirit guides,
stay close to me, be with me.
524
00:26:57,817 --> 00:26:59,617
Oh, man.
525
00:27:07,059 --> 00:27:12,262
♪♪
526
00:27:12,264 --> 00:27:15,499
All of my spirit guides,
stay close to me, be with me.
527
00:27:15,501 --> 00:27:17,101
[ Sniffs ]
528
00:27:17,103 --> 00:27:19,203
FOX:
I'm on a Viking vision quest
529
00:27:19,205 --> 00:27:21,972
deep in the Norwegian forest.
530
00:27:21,974 --> 00:27:25,743
It's an ancient practice carried
out by powerful female sorcerers
531
00:27:25,745 --> 00:27:28,512
who were rumored to channel
the power of their ancestors
532
00:27:28,514 --> 00:27:31,248
to predict the future
and to conjure magic.
533
00:27:31,250 --> 00:27:36,086
♪♪
534
00:27:36,088 --> 00:27:38,088
[ Exhales ]
535
00:27:38,090 --> 00:27:47,464
♪♪
536
00:27:47,466 --> 00:27:56,807
♪♪
537
00:27:56,809 --> 00:28:00,511
After hours of complete
isolation in pure darkness,
538
00:28:00,513 --> 00:28:02,279
my quest is complete.
539
00:28:02,281 --> 00:28:06,483
♪♪
540
00:28:06,485 --> 00:28:09,353
- So, you did it.
- I did do it.
541
00:28:09,355 --> 00:28:12,156
♪♪
542
00:28:12,158 --> 00:28:15,025
FOX: I wasn't as scared as
I thought I was gonna be.
543
00:28:16,629 --> 00:28:19,329
It made me very present
to my own emotions
544
00:28:19,331 --> 00:28:21,465
and I think put me
in touch with people
545
00:28:21,467 --> 00:28:23,901
that had been there
maybe thousands of years ago,
546
00:28:23,903 --> 00:28:27,171
but I felt like I was feeling
and receiving
547
00:28:27,173 --> 00:28:28,439
a lot of different energy.
548
00:28:28,441 --> 00:28:31,542
It wasn't necessarily
all my own.
549
00:28:31,544 --> 00:28:34,411
I don't know about being able
to see the future,
550
00:28:34,413 --> 00:28:37,981
but I definitely felt
some power in these woods.
551
00:28:37,983 --> 00:28:39,950
But when it comes to determining
whether women
552
00:28:39,952 --> 00:28:42,553
could actually have been
full-on warriors,
553
00:28:42,555 --> 00:28:46,090
the Vikings didn't make
finding the truth easy.
554
00:28:46,092 --> 00:28:49,460
They left behind literally
no written records.
555
00:28:49,462 --> 00:28:52,062
But other cultures may have.
556
00:28:52,064 --> 00:28:55,833
So I'm heading to the National
Library of Norway in Oslo.
557
00:28:55,835 --> 00:28:59,503
It houses some of
the rarest books in the world.
558
00:28:59,505 --> 00:29:00,604
Hi.
559
00:29:00,606 --> 00:29:01,839
- How are you, Megan?
- How are you?
560
00:29:01,841 --> 00:29:03,340
- Hi. I'm Kim.
- Nice to meet you.
561
00:29:04,343 --> 00:29:06,110
Awesome.
562
00:29:06,112 --> 00:29:07,845
FOX: Kim Hjardar is
one of the world's
563
00:29:07,847 --> 00:29:12,015
most prolific historians
on Viking warfare.
564
00:29:12,017 --> 00:29:15,319
He's gotten me unprecedented
access to a selection of texts
565
00:29:15,321 --> 00:29:17,688
that could help
piece together the past.
566
00:29:31,270 --> 00:29:34,037
By 1090, the Vikings had
expanded their empire
567
00:29:34,039 --> 00:29:36,206
into parts of modern-day Italy,
568
00:29:36,208 --> 00:29:39,443
leading to clashes
with the Eastern Roman Empire,
569
00:29:39,445 --> 00:29:41,311
known as the Byzantines.
570
00:29:41,313 --> 00:29:43,714
This is a chronicle
of a Viking loss.
571
00:30:06,405 --> 00:30:08,305
Mm-hmm.
572
00:30:08,307 --> 00:30:09,873
Of course.
Of course.
573
00:30:11,710 --> 00:30:12,843
Yeah.
574
00:30:18,584 --> 00:30:20,551
FOX: All those scholars
are still debating
575
00:30:20,553 --> 00:30:22,352
the meaning of this account.
576
00:30:22,354 --> 00:30:25,389
There is another rare text
written about 100 years later
577
00:30:25,391 --> 00:30:28,892
that may be the key to unlocking
the secrets of Viking women.
578
00:30:31,831 --> 00:30:34,431
But this book is
very old.
579
00:30:34,433 --> 00:30:36,733
It's very fragile.
580
00:30:36,735 --> 00:30:38,435
[ Beeping ]
581
00:30:38,437 --> 00:30:40,003
FOX: It's not every day
you see a book
582
00:30:40,005 --> 00:30:42,406
with the same security
as the Hope Diamond...
583
00:30:45,344 --> 00:30:47,444
...but this book is priceless.
584
00:30:49,615 --> 00:30:52,382
This book,
written around 1,200 A.D.,
585
00:30:52,384 --> 00:30:54,818
is a detailed chronicle
of the history of the Danes
586
00:30:54,820 --> 00:30:56,553
called "Gesta Danorum"
587
00:30:56,555 --> 00:31:01,258
by the first-ever Danish
historian, Saxo Grammaticus.
588
00:31:01,260 --> 00:31:04,862
300 years later, this work would
inspire William Shakespeare
589
00:31:04,864 --> 00:31:07,464
to write "Hamlet."
590
00:31:07,466 --> 00:31:08,765
Wow.
591
00:31:08,767 --> 00:31:11,835
FOX: This is one of
the rarest books in the world.
592
00:31:11,837 --> 00:31:14,371
FOX: It's crazy because
it looks like
593
00:31:14,373 --> 00:31:16,306
when you think of,
like, Merlin,
594
00:31:16,308 --> 00:31:18,575
and it's right there,
and I can't touch it,
595
00:31:18,577 --> 00:31:20,043
but I'm very close
to touching it.
596
00:31:20,045 --> 00:31:22,412
I just have to take a picture.
It's crazy.
597
00:31:22,414 --> 00:31:24,348
That is really cool.
[ Camera shutter clicks ]
598
00:31:29,021 --> 00:31:30,487
"There were once
women in Denmark
599
00:31:30,489 --> 00:31:32,089
who dressed themselves
to look like men
600
00:31:32,091 --> 00:31:35,626
and spent almost every minute
cultivating soldier skills.
601
00:31:35,628 --> 00:31:37,861
They courted military expertise
so earnestly
602
00:31:37,863 --> 00:31:39,062
that anyone
would have guessed
603
00:31:39,064 --> 00:31:41,665
that they had
un-sexed themselves."
Yeah.
604
00:31:41,667 --> 00:31:44,468
"Those especially who had
forceful personalities" --
605
00:31:44,470 --> 00:31:46,436
moi --
"or were tall and elegant,
606
00:31:46,438 --> 00:31:48,972
tended to embark
on this way of life."
Right.
607
00:31:48,974 --> 00:31:51,008
"They put toughness
before allure,
608
00:31:51,010 --> 00:31:53,310
aimed at conflicts
instead of kisses,
609
00:31:53,312 --> 00:31:57,281
and desired not the couch
but the kill,
610
00:31:57,283 --> 00:32:00,617
and those they could have
appeased with looks
611
00:32:00,619 --> 00:32:02,986
they attacked with lances."
612
00:32:02,988 --> 00:32:06,590
- Yeah.
- That lights a fire in me.
613
00:32:07,526 --> 00:32:09,126
No, she's not --
that's just a woman.
614
00:32:09,128 --> 00:32:10,160
You think so?
Yeah. Okay.
615
00:32:10,162 --> 00:32:11,595
This is a man
that's afraid of a woman.
616
00:32:13,632 --> 00:32:15,165
They all died
617
00:32:15,167 --> 00:32:16,333
because they didn't
sit on the couch
618
00:32:16,335 --> 00:32:17,601
waiting for
those kisses.
619
00:32:17,603 --> 00:32:19,169
Right.
620
00:32:19,171 --> 00:32:21,271
It's frustrating
for me because,
621
00:32:21,273 --> 00:32:23,974
well, where is
the truth, then?
622
00:32:23,976 --> 00:32:26,209
What do we know
about history for sure?
623
00:32:29,248 --> 00:32:30,847
Well, what if we have
the source and now
624
00:32:30,849 --> 00:32:33,884
we're recovering bodies
in tombs
625
00:32:33,886 --> 00:32:35,619
that seem to be the tombs
of warriors,
626
00:32:35,621 --> 00:32:36,987
and they're female bodies?
627
00:32:43,762 --> 00:32:45,028
Mm-hmm.
628
00:32:45,030 --> 00:32:48,098
FOX: Viking graves,
Norse mythology,
629
00:32:48,100 --> 00:32:50,600
and now these texts
are challenging everything
630
00:32:50,602 --> 00:32:53,570
we thought we knew
about Viking women.
631
00:32:53,572 --> 00:32:56,173
But what's buried deep
in the British countryside
632
00:32:56,175 --> 00:32:59,543
could be the final piece
of the puzzle.
633
00:32:59,545 --> 00:33:03,213
Some of skeletons
from that mass grave...
Okay.
634
00:33:03,215 --> 00:33:04,614
...were actually women.
635
00:33:04,616 --> 00:33:05,849
Then there's
a very good chance
636
00:33:05,851 --> 00:33:08,852
that they were actually
actively involved in battle.
637
00:33:19,732 --> 00:33:21,331
FOX:
I've discovered Viking society
638
00:33:21,333 --> 00:33:23,666
was not the male-dominated
patriarchy
639
00:33:23,668 --> 00:33:26,636
our history books
had led us to believe.
640
00:33:26,638 --> 00:33:28,939
But did women fight
alongside men
641
00:33:28,941 --> 00:33:33,076
as warriors in the most feared
military force of its time?
642
00:33:33,078 --> 00:33:34,478
The answers could be at
643
00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:37,514
an active archeological
dig site in Repton, England.
644
00:33:37,516 --> 00:33:41,118
♪♪
645
00:33:41,120 --> 00:33:43,153
I love walking through
a graveyard.
646
00:33:43,155 --> 00:33:45,222
That's one of my favorite
things to do.
It is -- yeah.
647
00:33:45,224 --> 00:33:46,857
I used to always do this
when I was a child, as well.
648
00:33:46,859 --> 00:33:48,692
I'm being so sarcastic.
It's not --
649
00:33:48,694 --> 00:33:51,294
I'm so scared of energy
and spirts and all of that.
650
00:33:51,296 --> 00:33:53,897
Okay.
Fantastic.
651
00:33:53,899 --> 00:33:57,367
FOX: Archeologist Cat Jarman is
using state-of-the-art science
652
00:33:57,369 --> 00:33:59,903
to examine the largest
Viking mass grave
653
00:33:59,905 --> 00:34:02,139
ever discovered in England,
654
00:34:02,141 --> 00:34:04,641
located in the shadow
of this church.
655
00:34:04,643 --> 00:34:07,644
JARMAN: All these excavations
took place in the 1980s,
656
00:34:07,646 --> 00:34:09,413
and it's also where
I've been working
657
00:34:09,415 --> 00:34:11,715
for the last three years.
658
00:34:11,717 --> 00:34:13,617
FOX: Although the mass grave
was first discovered
659
00:34:13,619 --> 00:34:15,786
more than 35 years ago,
660
00:34:15,788 --> 00:34:17,554
no one has been able to say
for sure
661
00:34:17,556 --> 00:34:20,924
who these Vikings were
or why they died.
662
00:34:20,926 --> 00:34:24,194
But Cat might be the one
to finally change that.
663
00:34:24,196 --> 00:34:26,029
We have some new methods
and new techniques,
664
00:34:26,031 --> 00:34:29,733
and now with those new methods
we can find out stuff
665
00:34:29,735 --> 00:34:32,135
we couldn't find out
30 years ago.
Yeah.
666
00:34:32,137 --> 00:34:34,171
So, if you look at
the plan here,
667
00:34:34,173 --> 00:34:35,372
here's the mass grave.
668
00:34:35,374 --> 00:34:37,441
The mound is found
over here.
669
00:34:37,443 --> 00:34:39,810
JARMAN: So this is a photograph
from the excavations.
670
00:34:39,812 --> 00:34:42,345
So these are all femurs
or thigh bones.
671
00:34:42,347 --> 00:34:43,580
How many bodies?
672
00:34:43,582 --> 00:34:47,184
The minimum number of
individuals was 264 --
673
00:34:47,186 --> 00:34:49,886
at least 264 people
all in the same space.
674
00:34:49,888 --> 00:34:51,188
All right here.
675
00:34:51,190 --> 00:34:52,389
Yeah, right where
we're standing now.
676
00:34:52,391 --> 00:34:54,224
And no possessions,
no swords or --
677
00:34:54,226 --> 00:34:55,559
There were artifacts
there.
678
00:34:55,561 --> 00:34:57,094
Yeah, so there were
some artifacts,
679
00:34:57,096 --> 00:34:59,830
including an ax --
a Viking ax --
680
00:34:59,832 --> 00:35:03,300
and several other weapons
that were clearly Viking --
681
00:35:03,302 --> 00:35:04,634
various knives
and things.
682
00:35:04,636 --> 00:35:07,737
Oh, I love that.
That's exciting.
683
00:35:07,739 --> 00:35:10,640
FOX: Viking axes were a common
weapon of choice
684
00:35:10,642 --> 00:35:13,577
because they could be both
thrown from far distances
685
00:35:13,579 --> 00:35:16,913
or be swung during
hand-to-hand combat.
686
00:35:16,915 --> 00:35:20,117
Are you confident that
the burial site
687
00:35:20,119 --> 00:35:23,620
was related to a battle?
688
00:35:23,622 --> 00:35:26,356
JARMAN: So, we've been
looking at things like
how these people died.
689
00:35:26,358 --> 00:35:28,425
Many of them
do have injuries.
690
00:35:28,427 --> 00:35:29,926
They have evidence
of trauma.
691
00:35:29,928 --> 00:35:32,229
These were war dead.
These were battle dead.
692
00:35:32,231 --> 00:35:33,597
If they're buried
with weapons,
693
00:35:33,599 --> 00:35:34,965
if they have
all these injuries,
694
00:35:34,967 --> 00:35:36,166
then there's
a very good chance
695
00:35:36,168 --> 00:35:38,969
that they were actually
actively involved in battle.
696
00:35:38,971 --> 00:35:43,106
Does seem really likely that
it is Viking Great Army.
Yeah.
697
00:35:43,108 --> 00:35:46,409
FOX: These warriors likely died
here around 873 A.D.
698
00:35:46,411 --> 00:35:47,811
in an attempt by the Vikings
699
00:35:47,813 --> 00:35:50,180
to take land
from the Mercian dynasty,
700
00:35:50,182 --> 00:35:55,118
which controlled modern-day
England from 600 to 900 A.D.
701
00:35:55,120 --> 00:35:59,022
And with nearly 300
Viking bodies found so far,
702
00:35:59,024 --> 00:36:03,059
this must have been
one serious battle.
703
00:36:03,061 --> 00:36:05,729
But that's not even
the coolest part.
704
00:36:05,731 --> 00:36:08,231
Some of the skeletons
and some of the skulls
705
00:36:08,233 --> 00:36:10,967
from that mass grave
were actually women.
706
00:36:12,371 --> 00:36:14,604
FOX: Wow.
That's amazing.
707
00:36:14,606 --> 00:36:17,674
We can look at sex
from the skulls.
708
00:36:17,676 --> 00:36:20,343
So we look at things
like the brow,
709
00:36:20,345 --> 00:36:22,946
which is if they're
really defined.
710
00:36:22,948 --> 00:36:25,682
FOX: Archeologists often use
the size of a skull's brow
711
00:36:25,684 --> 00:36:27,284
to determine sex.
712
00:36:27,286 --> 00:36:30,387
Women have a smaller
and less pronounced brow line.
713
00:36:30,389 --> 00:36:32,055
FOX:
The brow ridge to me --
714
00:36:32,057 --> 00:36:33,790
Much smaller than
the other.
Smaller, yeah.
715
00:36:33,792 --> 00:36:35,091
- Yeah.
- Okay.
716
00:36:35,093 --> 00:36:37,794
So, this is
a female skull.
717
00:36:37,796 --> 00:36:39,529
Cool.
718
00:36:41,833 --> 00:36:44,234
That's a female skull.
It has to be.
719
00:36:44,236 --> 00:36:46,436
Yeah, this isn't
very pronounced.
It's just more delicate.
720
00:36:46,438 --> 00:36:48,705
You can see a pretty big
difference in the skulls.
Yeah.
721
00:36:48,707 --> 00:36:50,073
- Yeah.
- Exactly.
722
00:36:50,075 --> 00:36:53,343
Where we could determine
what sex an individual was,
723
00:36:53,345 --> 00:36:56,112
20% were actually women.
724
00:36:56,114 --> 00:36:57,514
Yeah.
725
00:36:57,516 --> 00:37:00,383
If this is a burial site
from a battle
726
00:37:00,385 --> 00:37:03,253
and they were all injured
or killed in war,
727
00:37:03,255 --> 00:37:05,488
and 20% of them
are female,
728
00:37:05,490 --> 00:37:09,025
the implications would be
the warriors were female.
729
00:37:09,027 --> 00:37:11,261
- Yeah.
- That's very exciting.
730
00:37:11,263 --> 00:37:14,998
And that's blowing
a story wide open.
Yeah.
731
00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:16,866
FOX:
This is incredible.
732
00:37:16,868 --> 00:37:19,336
We aren't talking about
a single instance
733
00:37:19,338 --> 00:37:23,573
of a powerful woman or a lone
female warrior's grave.
734
00:37:23,575 --> 00:37:25,609
Now we have hundreds
of Viking warriors,
735
00:37:25,611 --> 00:37:28,311
and many among them are women.
736
00:37:28,313 --> 00:37:30,013
This changes everything.
737
00:37:30,015 --> 00:37:33,350
♪♪
738
00:37:41,293 --> 00:37:46,296
♪♪
739
00:37:46,298 --> 00:37:49,566
FOX: If this a burial site
from a battle,
740
00:37:49,568 --> 00:37:51,568
and 20% of them
are female,
741
00:37:51,570 --> 00:37:53,103
the warriors were female.
742
00:37:53,105 --> 00:37:54,671
Yeah, then there's
a very good chance
743
00:37:54,673 --> 00:37:58,642
that they were actually
actively involved in battle.
744
00:37:58,644 --> 00:38:00,443
That's very exciting.
745
00:38:02,180 --> 00:38:05,248
FOX: Human remains in a Viking
mass grave in Repton, England,
746
00:38:05,250 --> 00:38:07,884
have provided archeologist
Cat Jarman
747
00:38:07,886 --> 00:38:09,986
with shocking evidence.
748
00:38:09,988 --> 00:38:11,354
1,100 years ago,
749
00:38:11,356 --> 00:38:14,858
a squadron of Viking soldiers
fought and died here,
750
00:38:14,860 --> 00:38:18,762
and many of them were women.
751
00:38:18,764 --> 00:38:22,065
That's blowing
a story wide open.
Yeah.
752
00:38:22,067 --> 00:38:24,601
FOX: But what was
this squad's mission?
753
00:38:24,603 --> 00:38:27,904
Were women an integral part
of the Viking war machine?
754
00:38:27,906 --> 00:38:29,839
Or would they have been sent
to the slaughter
755
00:38:29,841 --> 00:38:33,943
because they weren't actually
respected warriors at all?
756
00:38:33,945 --> 00:38:37,280
The answer could lie in the
bowels of St. Wystan's Church,
757
00:38:37,282 --> 00:38:40,383
located just feet
from the Viking mass grave.
758
00:38:40,385 --> 00:38:42,719
So, this church
is quite special.
759
00:38:42,721 --> 00:38:44,187
So, there is actually
a part of this church
760
00:38:44,189 --> 00:38:46,723
that dates right back
when the Vikings were here.
761
00:38:46,725 --> 00:38:54,297
♪♪
762
00:38:54,299 --> 00:38:56,599
Although this church was
rebuilt 400 years
763
00:38:56,601 --> 00:38:59,602
after the Vikings
would have fought here,
764
00:38:59,604 --> 00:39:01,104
two stories below are remnants
765
00:39:01,106 --> 00:39:04,274
of what these Viking warriors
might have been after.
766
00:39:04,276 --> 00:39:06,843
♪♪
767
00:39:06,845 --> 00:39:09,245
This is really the only
original part,
768
00:39:09,247 --> 00:39:10,647
which was what
would have been there
769
00:39:10,649 --> 00:39:12,282
when the Vikings
were here.
FOX: Okay.
770
00:39:12,284 --> 00:39:16,119
And this dates back to
about 700 or 800 A.D.
771
00:39:16,121 --> 00:39:19,556
So it's quite dark down there,
so a torch for you.
772
00:39:19,558 --> 00:39:20,957
You take that one.
Should I be nervous?
773
00:39:20,959 --> 00:39:23,660
- No, no, absolutely not.
- [ Laughing ] Okay.
774
00:39:23,662 --> 00:39:26,796
Quite steep steps,
so just take care,
and we'll go down.
775
00:39:26,798 --> 00:39:30,734
♪♪
776
00:39:30,736 --> 00:39:33,269
So this is the crypt.
777
00:39:33,271 --> 00:39:37,240
♪♪
778
00:39:37,242 --> 00:39:38,842
Okay.
779
00:39:38,844 --> 00:39:42,178
♪♪
780
00:39:42,180 --> 00:39:43,813
This is a really
important place.
781
00:39:43,815 --> 00:39:46,349
This was where a lot of
the kings were buried.
782
00:39:46,351 --> 00:39:48,017
It was very wealthy.
783
00:39:48,019 --> 00:39:50,353
FOX: Ancient crypts guarded
the remains and possessions
784
00:39:50,355 --> 00:39:52,922
of the most important people
of their day.
785
00:39:52,924 --> 00:39:54,691
This crypt contained
the grave goods
786
00:39:54,693 --> 00:39:57,260
of powerful Mercian kings
who controlled
787
00:39:57,262 --> 00:39:58,895
what is now modern-day England
788
00:39:58,897 --> 00:40:01,831
when the Vikings attacked
this church.
789
00:40:01,833 --> 00:40:05,668
These pillars date back
about 1,300 years.
790
00:40:05,670 --> 00:40:07,470
A lot of this is
exactly the way it was
791
00:40:07,472 --> 00:40:09,439
when the Vikings attacked.
792
00:40:09,441 --> 00:40:15,779
♪♪
793
00:40:15,781 --> 00:40:17,781
I've never been
in a crypt before.
794
00:40:19,885 --> 00:40:21,117
Do you like it?
795
00:40:21,119 --> 00:40:23,686
[ Laughing ]
I don't hate it.
796
00:40:23,688 --> 00:40:26,256
But I wouldn't want to stay here
for very long, though,
797
00:40:26,258 --> 00:40:28,858
and I wouldn't want
this torch to die out.
798
00:40:28,860 --> 00:40:32,328
♪♪
799
00:40:32,330 --> 00:40:34,831
FOX: This crypt would have
likely housed priceless riches
800
00:40:34,833 --> 00:40:37,167
with a value
that we can only guess.
801
00:40:37,169 --> 00:40:39,836
They assumed that
there would be
802
00:40:39,838 --> 00:40:43,506
treasure of sorts here,
as well...
Yeah, definitely.
803
00:40:43,508 --> 00:40:44,474
...gold and so forth?
804
00:40:44,476 --> 00:40:45,809
Yeah, all sorts of
treasure.
805
00:40:45,811 --> 00:40:48,445
And we know that because
the archeological excavations
806
00:40:48,447 --> 00:40:50,180
have found some items
of treasure --
807
00:40:50,182 --> 00:40:51,681
really precious
bits of jewelry,
808
00:40:51,683 --> 00:40:52,982
really nice glass.
809
00:40:52,984 --> 00:40:54,250
We know this was
really wealthy,
810
00:40:54,252 --> 00:40:56,085
so that's exactly
the sort of thing
811
00:40:56,087 --> 00:40:57,887
that the Vikings
were looking for.
812
00:41:00,125 --> 00:41:03,126
So taking over this is
a really powerful thing.
813
00:41:04,896 --> 00:41:07,197
We've all seen
"Braveheart."
814
00:41:07,199 --> 00:41:10,767
What I picture in my mind
is just, like, a ruthless,
815
00:41:10,769 --> 00:41:15,505
bloody pillaging of everything
and everyone that was here,
816
00:41:15,507 --> 00:41:17,073
and then we're standing
right here
817
00:41:17,075 --> 00:41:18,675
where that took place.
818
00:41:18,677 --> 00:41:20,910
And the idea that
they were female
819
00:41:20,912 --> 00:41:22,979
and they were
female warriors --
820
00:41:22,981 --> 00:41:26,549
that opens up
a lot of new things.
821
00:41:26,551 --> 00:41:28,251
FOX: This crypt likely
would have been
822
00:41:28,253 --> 00:41:31,120
an extremely high-value target
for the Vikings,
823
00:41:31,122 --> 00:41:32,989
and capturing it
would have required
824
00:41:32,991 --> 00:41:35,358
exceptionally skilled soldiers,
825
00:41:35,360 --> 00:41:38,294
like a Viking SEAL Team 6.
826
00:41:38,296 --> 00:41:41,197
And some of these
highly skilled warriors
827
00:41:41,199 --> 00:41:42,866
appear to have been women.
828
00:41:42,868 --> 00:41:46,269
♪♪
829
00:41:46,271 --> 00:41:47,637
They were here,
830
00:41:47,639 --> 00:41:51,708
standing in the footsteps
of a lot of history.
831
00:41:51,710 --> 00:41:53,576
History books have said
that Viking women
832
00:41:53,578 --> 00:41:57,213
only adhered to conventional
gender stereotypes.
833
00:41:57,215 --> 00:41:59,916
But that is dead wrong.
834
00:41:59,918 --> 00:42:03,086
♪♪
835
00:42:03,088 --> 00:42:06,189
Human history
is not written in stone.
836
00:42:06,191 --> 00:42:08,491
Just like our understanding
of the Vikings,
837
00:42:08,493 --> 00:42:11,227
it's always evolving.
838
00:42:11,229 --> 00:42:14,063
With just one
profound discovery,
839
00:42:14,065 --> 00:42:17,000
mankind's entire story
could change.
840
00:42:17,002 --> 00:42:19,502
♪♪
841
00:42:19,504 --> 00:42:23,006
So, if we're ever going to
unlock the secrets of the past,
842
00:42:23,008 --> 00:42:25,475
we need to be open
to change with it.
843
00:42:25,477 --> 00:42:28,545
♪♪
64728
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