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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:01:28,888 --> 00:01:31,324 People think that space is a quiet 2 00:01:31,391 --> 00:01:34,940 and desolate vacuum of emptiness. 3 00:01:34,761 --> 00:01:36,596 Between the stars and planets, 4 00:01:36,663 --> 00:01:40,266 there exists a vast realm of nothingness. 5 00:01:41,267 --> 00:01:44,571 However, space is very active. 6 00:01:45,380 --> 00:01:48,975 Traveling throughout the cosmos are a variety of signals 7 00:01:49,420 --> 00:01:52,312 broadcasting their presence to anyone who will listen. 8 00:01:52,645 --> 00:01:55,648 Many of these signals are stars, quasars, 9 00:01:55,715 --> 00:01:57,617 and other celestial phenomenon. 10 00:01:57,884 --> 00:02:01,870 Yet some of these signals, perhaps many of them, 11 00:02:01,154 --> 00:02:05,325 are extraterrestrial beings talking to each other, 12 00:02:05,592 --> 00:02:08,561 and perhaps, talking to us. 13 00:02:30,160 --> 00:02:34,354 Stars and planets each have a unique radio signature. 14 00:02:34,954 --> 00:02:39,926 For example, Jupiter's magnetic field hisses in size. 15 00:03:01,781 --> 00:03:05,485 Neptune sounds like a vast, desolate ocean. 16 00:03:33,880 --> 00:03:36,316 The rings of Uranus chime. 17 00:03:46,626 --> 00:03:51,764 And Saturn has an eerie bold sound of wind and tone. 18 00:04:18,324 --> 00:04:21,594 And, of course, the Earth emits a multitude of signals 19 00:04:21,661 --> 00:04:25,231 from all the radio transmitters around the globe, 20 00:04:25,298 --> 00:04:27,934 sending signals into deep space 21 00:04:28,100 --> 00:04:30,837 to anyone who can tune them in. 22 00:04:43,216 --> 00:04:47,787 The question is, is there anyone out there listening? 23 00:04:48,354 --> 00:04:52,358 And if so, are they trying to contact us? 24 00:04:52,425 --> 00:04:55,610 Perhaps, they already have. 25 00:04:56,896 --> 00:04:59,699 On August 15th, 1977, 26 00:04:59,766 --> 00:05:03,369 a strong narrow band radio signal was received 27 00:05:03,436 --> 00:05:07,740 by Ohio State University's Big Ear radio telescope. 28 00:05:08,274 --> 00:05:11,878 The signal appeared to come from the constellation Sagittarius 29 00:05:11,944 --> 00:05:16,983 and bore the expected hallmarks of extraterrestrial origin. 30 00:05:19,719 --> 00:05:23,356 Astronomer Jerry R. Ehman discovered the anomaly 31 00:05:23,423 --> 00:05:26,993 a few days later while reviewing the recorded data. 32 00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:29,929 He was so impressed by the result, 33 00:05:30,290 --> 00:05:33,199 that he circled the reading on the computer's printout 34 00:05:33,266 --> 00:05:36,569 and wrote the comment, "Wow!" on its side, 35 00:05:36,636 --> 00:05:39,806 which is how the event has since been referred to. 36 00:05:42,608 --> 00:05:46,312 The entire signal's sequence lasted 72 seconds, 37 00:05:46,379 --> 00:05:49,150 the window the Big Ear was able to observe it, 38 00:05:49,820 --> 00:05:51,584 but has not been detected since, 39 00:05:51,984 --> 00:05:55,655 despite several subsequent attempts by Ehman and others. 40 00:05:58,358 --> 00:06:01,294 Various hypotheses on the source of the emission 41 00:06:01,361 --> 00:06:02,862 has been put forward. 42 00:06:02,929 --> 00:06:05,798 Although the possibility of a natural origin 43 00:06:05,865 --> 00:06:08,301 has not been completely discounted, 44 00:06:08,368 --> 00:06:13,172 to date, the "Wow!" signal is considered the best candidate 45 00:06:13,239 --> 00:06:17,900 for an alien radio transmission ever received. 46 00:06:20,480 --> 00:06:25,651 In 2012, on the 35th anniversary of the "Wow!" signal's reception, 47 00:06:25,718 --> 00:06:31,190 scientists at the Arecibo Observatory beamed a response from humanity 48 00:06:31,257 --> 00:06:34,293 containing 10,000 Twitter messages 49 00:06:34,360 --> 00:06:37,497 in the direction from which the signal originated. 50 00:06:39,265 --> 00:06:43,269 They attempted to increase the chances of any intelligent life 51 00:06:43,336 --> 00:06:46,139 receiving and decoding the celebrity videos 52 00:06:46,205 --> 00:06:47,840 and crowd-sourced tweets 53 00:06:47,907 --> 00:06:52,780 by attaching a repeating sequence header to each message, 54 00:06:52,145 --> 00:06:56,382 so the recipient will know that the messages are intentional 55 00:06:56,449 --> 00:06:59,152 and from another intelligent life form. 56 00:07:00,119 --> 00:07:03,356 That signal is now traveling in the direction 57 00:07:03,423 --> 00:07:07,226 of the constellation Sagittarius at the speed of light. 58 00:07:07,827 --> 00:07:13,766 One can only hope it is received by benevolent extraterrestrials. 59 00:07:34,487 --> 00:07:38,524 The "Wow!" signal and our response is not the first time 60 00:07:38,591 --> 00:07:42,462 scientists have intentionally sent a signal into space 61 00:07:42,528 --> 00:07:45,231 with the hope someone may receive it. 62 00:07:46,299 --> 00:07:52,371 In 1974, Carl Sagan sent a broadcast known as the Arecibo message 63 00:07:52,438 --> 00:07:54,640 into space via radio waves. 64 00:07:55,708 --> 00:07:59,212 The message, aimed at ET, was the most powerful 65 00:07:59,278 --> 00:08:03,115 radio broadcast ever beamed into space by mankind. 66 00:08:03,983 --> 00:08:07,286 In comparison, the signal sent out into space 67 00:08:07,353 --> 00:08:12,391 was a million times stronger than that of a typical television transmission. 68 00:08:14,327 --> 00:08:19,565 Directed to a star cluster located over 25,000 light-years away, 69 00:08:19,632 --> 00:08:23,536 the pictorial message was sent in hopes that, one day, 70 00:08:23,603 --> 00:08:26,205 we would receive a similar response. 71 00:08:29,575 --> 00:08:33,450 The radio signal included our planet's location 72 00:08:33,112 --> 00:08:35,140 within our star system, 73 00:08:35,810 --> 00:08:37,717 core principles of math and science, 74 00:08:37,783 --> 00:08:41,621 and the antenna that was used to transmit the signal, 75 00:08:41,687 --> 00:08:47,193 all characteristics that an intelligent alien civilization should understand. 76 00:08:47,994 --> 00:08:51,497 The message, prepared by Carl Sagan and his colleagues, 77 00:08:51,564 --> 00:08:55,100 also included information about our species, 78 00:08:55,670 --> 00:08:59,272 even our physical appearance, as well as our DNA code. 79 00:09:02,808 --> 00:09:08,470 Twenty-seven years later in 2001, a crop circle appeared 80 00:09:08,114 --> 00:09:10,416 shaking the scientific community. 81 00:09:10,683 --> 00:09:14,987 A pattern appeared on a crop field next to the U.K.'s largest telescope 82 00:09:15,540 --> 00:09:17,790 and observatory, the Chilbolton, 83 00:09:17,857 --> 00:09:22,662 where the world's largest fully-steerable meteorological radar is located. 84 00:09:23,462 --> 00:09:26,265 This circle in wheat looked like a response 85 00:09:26,332 --> 00:09:28,801 to the 1974 broadcast. 86 00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:34,730 It was considered by many as one of the most impressive 87 00:09:34,140 --> 00:09:37,944 and important crop circles ever to appear on our planet 88 00:09:38,100 --> 00:09:40,913 since the crop circle, unlike others, 89 00:09:40,980 --> 00:09:46,180 carries a message, or better said, a response from space. 90 00:09:46,752 --> 00:09:50,189 Describing a different solar system in the universe, 91 00:09:50,256 --> 00:09:53,759 the image of the sender, non-human DNA, 92 00:09:53,826 --> 00:09:57,563 and some microwave antenna, the Chilbolton crop circle 93 00:09:57,630 --> 00:10:00,766 was the ultimate response we had ever hoped for. 94 00:10:01,834 --> 00:10:07,390 According to mathematicians, the decimal equivalents of the binary code 95 00:10:07,106 --> 00:10:10,420 were unchanged from the Arecibo original, 96 00:10:10,109 --> 00:10:12,211 but the atomic numbers of the elements 97 00:10:12,278 --> 00:10:15,314 composed the basics of life had been altered. 98 00:10:15,815 --> 00:10:19,518 Silicon, an element with an atomic number of 14, 99 00:10:19,585 --> 00:10:23,189 was added precisely in the correct sequence 100 00:10:23,255 --> 00:10:25,358 between oxygen and phosphorous. 101 00:10:26,692 --> 00:10:30,620 All of the information in the crop image is consistent 102 00:10:30,129 --> 00:10:33,366 with a response from an extraterrestrial source. 103 00:10:35,701 --> 00:10:39,271 Whether or not the crop circle that appeared next to the Chilbolton 104 00:10:39,338 --> 00:10:43,342 was in fact an alien response is still up for debate. 105 00:10:43,409 --> 00:10:46,579 However, many people are firmly convinced 106 00:10:46,646 --> 00:10:51,250 that not only is the crop circle of 2001 a real message 107 00:10:51,317 --> 00:10:55,321 from another intelligent alien civilization in the universe, 108 00:10:55,388 --> 00:10:59,525 but we receive similar messages nearly every day. 109 00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:05,297 Indeed, messages from space have been around 110 00:11:05,364 --> 00:11:08,100 since the inception of radio itself. 111 00:11:08,901 --> 00:11:11,837 Nikola Tesla, the inventor of radio, 112 00:11:11,904 --> 00:11:15,241 was convinced he received messages from aliens 113 00:11:15,307 --> 00:11:18,110 at the turn of the 20th century. 114 00:11:19,612 --> 00:11:22,515 Tesla was the first to attempt to communicate 115 00:11:22,581 --> 00:11:25,651 with neighboring worlds using radio waves. 116 00:11:26,850 --> 00:11:31,257 In 1899, he was at his laboratory in Colorado Springs 117 00:11:31,323 --> 00:11:34,860 driving monstrous surges of power into the Earth 118 00:11:34,927 --> 00:11:41,670 and also, beaming energy outward from the 280-foot tower he had built. 119 00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:45,271 He had instruments to record electromagnetic disturbances 120 00:11:45,337 --> 00:11:46,572 from all around. 121 00:11:47,339 --> 00:11:53,450 During the tests, Tesla began picking up odd data on his instruments. 122 00:11:53,112 --> 00:11:56,582 He was sure that this was a signal of some sort. 123 00:11:57,316 --> 00:12:01,887 Keep in mind that no one at that time could have been transmitting, 124 00:12:01,954 --> 00:12:05,925 other than Marconi who was just beginning tests in Italy. 125 00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:11,931 The signals came periodically and with such a clear suggestion 126 00:12:11,997 --> 00:12:14,867 of number and order that they were not traceable 127 00:12:14,934 --> 00:12:17,369 to any cause then known to man. 128 00:12:18,871 --> 00:12:23,375 Tesla was familiar with electrical disturbances produced by the Sun, 129 00:12:23,442 --> 00:12:25,745 the Aurora Borealis and Earth currents, 130 00:12:25,811 --> 00:12:30,449 and was sure that these variations were due to none of those causes. 131 00:12:31,250 --> 00:12:33,552 A purpose was behind these signals. 132 00:12:33,619 --> 00:12:36,756 They are the results of an attempt by some human beings, 133 00:12:36,822 --> 00:12:40,493 not of this world, to speak to us by signals. 134 00:12:40,893 --> 00:12:44,290 I am absolutely certain that they are not caused 135 00:12:44,960 --> 00:12:45,765 by anything terrestrial. 136 00:12:46,298 --> 00:12:49,135 The feeling is constantly growing on me 137 00:12:49,201 --> 00:12:52,400 that I had been the first to hear the greeting 138 00:12:52,710 --> 00:12:53,906 of one planet to another. 139 00:12:53,973 --> 00:12:58,778 The Martians, or the inhabitants of whatever planet had signaled to us, 140 00:12:58,844 --> 00:13:01,480 would understand that once we had caught their message 141 00:13:01,547 --> 00:13:03,649 across the gulf of space, 142 00:13:03,716 --> 00:13:06,850 and had sent back a response, 143 00:13:06,152 --> 00:13:09,622 to convey a knowledge of form by such means is, 144 00:13:09,688 --> 00:13:12,324 while difficult, not impossible, 145 00:13:12,391 --> 00:13:14,593 and I have already found a way of doing it. 146 00:13:15,528 --> 00:13:19,165 Did Tesla's experiments transmit radio signals 147 00:13:19,231 --> 00:13:21,667 to some of our nearer planets? 148 00:13:22,168 --> 00:13:27,540 Had Tesla unintentionally detected signals from another civilization 149 00:13:27,606 --> 00:13:29,809 or did he simply make an error? 150 00:13:31,143 --> 00:13:33,179 Probably, we'll never know. 151 00:13:33,245 --> 00:13:35,447 Because of his financial problems, 152 00:13:35,514 --> 00:13:38,551 the large part of his research notes and other papers 153 00:13:38,617 --> 00:13:41,860 were auctioned off after his death. 154 00:13:41,453 --> 00:13:45,570 Also lost are much of his other research papers. 155 00:13:45,491 --> 00:13:49,762 How much of Tesla's work remains hidden and confiscated? 156 00:13:50,496 --> 00:13:51,664 It's unknown, 157 00:13:51,730 --> 00:13:55,968 and thus, much of his scientific work of great value 158 00:13:56,235 --> 00:13:58,537 has been lost forever. 159 00:14:24,230 --> 00:14:27,233 In a rare case published in 2016, 160 00:14:27,299 --> 00:14:30,603 scientists have discovered, not radio signals, 161 00:14:30,669 --> 00:14:34,240 but rather, light beams emanating from space 162 00:14:34,306 --> 00:14:38,770 that could be extraterrestrials trying to communicate. 163 00:14:39,812 --> 00:14:43,482 The claim of two scientists that they may have found evidence 164 00:14:43,549 --> 00:14:47,853 of intelligent aliens is raising some astronomers' eyebrows. 165 00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:50,489 Appearing in the journal 166 00:14:50,556 --> 00:14:54,293 Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 167 00:14:54,660 --> 00:14:58,898 the pair's study reports that 234 stars 168 00:14:58,964 --> 00:15:01,233 out of over two million surveyed, 169 00:15:01,300 --> 00:15:04,203 have signals in the form of light pulses 170 00:15:04,270 --> 00:15:09,875 they say are best explained by intelligent ETs from far away. 171 00:15:11,577 --> 00:15:14,146 After discussing a couple of explanations 172 00:15:14,213 --> 00:15:16,382 for what could be causing the signals, 173 00:15:16,448 --> 00:15:20,786 the study states, "Finally, we considered the possibility, 174 00:15:20,853 --> 00:15:23,756 predicted in our previous published paper, 175 00:15:23,822 --> 00:15:26,926 that the signals are caused by light pulses 176 00:15:26,992 --> 00:15:30,329 generated by extraterrestrial intelligence 177 00:15:30,396 --> 00:15:32,865 to make us aware of their existence." 178 00:15:33,432 --> 00:15:37,369 What's more, these signals have exactly the shape 179 00:15:37,436 --> 00:15:42,207 that scientists would expect to see from intelligent aliens, 180 00:15:42,274 --> 00:15:43,442 according to the study. 181 00:15:46,245 --> 00:15:48,580 But the Berkeley SETI Research Center says 182 00:15:48,647 --> 00:15:51,850 more research is necessary, and it is too early 183 00:15:51,917 --> 00:15:55,321 to unequivocally attribute these purported signals 184 00:15:55,387 --> 00:15:59,240 to the activities of extraterrestrial civilizations. 185 00:16:00,192 --> 00:16:02,528 The organization said that they will observe 186 00:16:02,594 --> 00:16:07,299 some of the stars in question using a nearly eight-foot optical telescope 187 00:16:07,366 --> 00:16:09,902 called the Automatic Planet Finder, 188 00:16:10,269 --> 00:16:13,639 and that they look forward to consulting with the scientists 189 00:16:13,706 --> 00:16:15,708 behind the controversial claim. 190 00:16:16,508 --> 00:16:20,120 The controversy comes onto the heels of new data 191 00:16:20,790 --> 00:16:24,550 about a strange star that's been dimming in recent years 192 00:16:24,616 --> 00:16:29,621 leading some to speculate about an alien megastructure. 193 00:16:31,724 --> 00:16:37,960 Tabby's Star, an F-class star located in the constellation Cygnus 194 00:16:37,162 --> 00:16:39,965 with an official long numerical name, 195 00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:44,236 has befuddled many scientists due to its light emissions. 196 00:16:45,700 --> 00:16:50,509 Unusual light fluctuations of the star were discovered by citizen scientists 197 00:16:50,576 --> 00:16:54,947 as part of the Planet Hunters Project in September of 2015. 198 00:16:56,682 --> 00:16:59,118 Several hypotheses have been proposed 199 00:16:59,184 --> 00:17:03,489 to explain the star's large irregular changes in brightness 200 00:17:03,555 --> 00:17:06,859 as measured by its unusual light curve, 201 00:17:06,925 --> 00:17:11,630 but none have fully explained all aspects of the curve. 202 00:17:12,798 --> 00:17:14,666 The leading hypothesis, 203 00:17:14,733 --> 00:17:17,569 based on a lack of observed infrared light, 204 00:17:17,636 --> 00:17:22,740 suggests a swarm of cold, dusty comet fragments 205 00:17:22,141 --> 00:17:25,177 in a highly eccentric orbit near the star. 206 00:17:25,711 --> 00:17:30,482 Another hypothesis is that of a large number of small masses 207 00:17:30,549 --> 00:17:33,185 in tight formation orbiting the star. 208 00:17:34,219 --> 00:17:38,590 However, the most common and perhaps frightening theory, 209 00:17:38,657 --> 00:17:42,694 is that the changes in brightness could be signs of activity 210 00:17:42,761 --> 00:17:47,320 associated with intelligent extraterrestrial life 211 00:17:47,990 --> 00:17:49,835 constructing a Dyson sphere. 212 00:17:51,136 --> 00:17:54,973 A Dyson sphere is a hypothetical megastructure 213 00:17:55,400 --> 00:17:57,543 that completely encompasses a star 214 00:17:57,609 --> 00:18:01,313 and captures most or all of its power output. 215 00:18:02,470 --> 00:18:07,352 This energy could be used to sustain a civilization indefinitely, 216 00:18:07,419 --> 00:18:11,957 and would explain the 20% loss of light output from the star. 217 00:18:12,624 --> 00:18:17,620 If not a sphere, then possibly, a swarm of satellites, 218 00:18:17,129 --> 00:18:22,334 space stations, or even ships in close formation near the star 219 00:18:22,401 --> 00:18:24,570 could cause this dimming effect. 220 00:18:26,171 --> 00:18:31,210 The SETI Institute's initial radio reconnaissance of Tabby's Star, 221 00:18:31,276 --> 00:18:33,112 however, found no evidence 222 00:18:33,178 --> 00:18:37,249 of technology-related radio signals from the star. 223 00:18:39,218 --> 00:18:43,210 A fundraising campaign was led by Tabetha Boyajian, 224 00:18:43,880 --> 00:18:47,726 the author of the initial study on the star's anomalous light curve. 225 00:18:48,260 --> 00:18:50,295 The project proposes to use 226 00:18:50,362 --> 00:18:54,633 the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network 227 00:18:54,700 --> 00:18:57,870 to continue observation of the star in the future 228 00:18:57,936 --> 00:19:00,606 and observe it in additional wavelengths 229 00:19:00,672 --> 00:19:06,211 to reveal new details on the composition of the objects surrounding the star. 230 00:19:07,412 --> 00:19:10,983 The campaign raised over $100,000, 231 00:19:11,490 --> 00:19:13,552 enough for one year of observations. 232 00:19:14,319 --> 00:19:18,390 Scientists believe the likelihood of extraterrestrial intelligence 233 00:19:18,457 --> 00:19:21,590 being the cause of the dimming is low. 234 00:19:21,126 --> 00:19:25,197 However, the star remains an outstanding SETI target 235 00:19:25,264 --> 00:19:29,968 because natural explanations have yet to fully explain 236 00:19:30,350 --> 00:19:31,904 the dimming phenomena. 237 00:19:47,886 --> 00:19:52,491 Strange signals from space have occurred many times in the past. 238 00:19:52,558 --> 00:19:54,693 Most are either not confirmed, 239 00:19:54,760 --> 00:19:57,529 or do not repeat so they can be clarified. 240 00:19:59,970 --> 00:20:02,634 In 2016, a star in the constellation of Hercules 241 00:20:02,701 --> 00:20:06,705 briefly attracted media attention after it was reported 242 00:20:06,772 --> 00:20:09,975 that a possible SETI signal had been detected 243 00:20:10,420 --> 00:20:13,212 from the direction of the star in the previous year. 244 00:20:14,346 --> 00:20:19,840 The signal was only heard once, and never confirmed by other telescopes 245 00:20:19,151 --> 00:20:22,554 and it is thought to have been due to terrestrial interference, 246 00:20:22,621 --> 00:20:24,523 though no one knows for sure. 247 00:20:25,557 --> 00:20:29,127 It was observed only once, for two seconds, 248 00:20:29,194 --> 00:20:31,964 by a single team at a single telescope. 249 00:20:32,564 --> 00:20:35,500 Several attempts to find and record the signal 250 00:20:35,567 --> 00:20:38,270 were made by astronomers around the world. 251 00:20:38,403 --> 00:20:41,640 No signal was detected at the position and frequency 252 00:20:41,707 --> 00:20:44,710 of the transit reported by the Reitan Group. 253 00:20:46,440 --> 00:20:50,849 In May of 2015, Russian astronomers received a weak signal 254 00:20:50,916 --> 00:20:54,586 from a solar system some 94 light-years away. 255 00:20:55,420 --> 00:20:58,924 That system has a star similar to our Sun. 256 00:20:59,391 --> 00:21:02,394 There's one known planet circling that star, 257 00:21:02,461 --> 00:21:06,398 about the size of Neptune and very close to the star. 258 00:21:07,899 --> 00:21:11,870 The signal was unusual in its design and beam shape. 259 00:21:11,937 --> 00:21:14,706 Astronomers thought the signal was interesting, 260 00:21:14,773 --> 00:21:18,744 but since it didn't repeat, they have nothing more to go on. 261 00:21:19,945 --> 00:21:25,170 Italian scientists were baffled by nearly two dozen radio sources 262 00:21:25,830 --> 00:21:30,622 from deep space that could potentially be coming from extraterrestrial life. 263 00:21:31,890 --> 00:21:36,128 Italian scientists spent several months observing the signals 264 00:21:36,194 --> 00:21:38,463 and could not pinpoint their source. 265 00:21:39,264 --> 00:21:43,669 The absence of light in the optical or ultraviolet spectrums 266 00:21:43,735 --> 00:21:46,380 rules out stars as the source. 267 00:21:46,838 --> 00:21:50,509 On May the 18th of 2016, the scientists wrote 268 00:21:50,575 --> 00:21:55,647 they had detected significant emissions in the soft X-ray band 269 00:21:55,714 --> 00:21:58,550 for nine of the investigated sources. 270 00:21:59,251 --> 00:22:02,154 Because these signals were coming from deep space, 271 00:22:02,220 --> 00:22:06,325 it was not apparent which specific star may be the origin. 272 00:22:06,792 --> 00:22:10,996 The Italian scientists requested further infrared studies 273 00:22:11,630 --> 00:22:13,799 of the area to determine their nature. 274 00:22:17,536 --> 00:22:21,506 "Humans should be extremely wary about answering 275 00:22:21,573 --> 00:22:24,810 any signals from alien civilizations." 276 00:22:24,876 --> 00:22:28,980 That's the stark warning from Professor Stephen Hawking, 277 00:22:29,470 --> 00:22:33,418 who fears extraterrestrials would quickly conquer our planet. 278 00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:38,230 The renowned astrophysicist voiced the fears 279 00:22:38,900 --> 00:22:42,861 during his new online show, Stephen Hawking's Favorite Places. 280 00:22:43,328 --> 00:22:46,631 He believes there could be life on other worlds, 281 00:22:46,698 --> 00:22:49,901 but warns a meeting between civilizations 282 00:22:49,968 --> 00:22:53,672 would resemble when Columbus met Native Americans, 283 00:22:53,739 --> 00:22:57,109 adding that, "That didn't turn out well." 284 00:22:57,809 --> 00:23:00,645 Hawking said as he grows older, 285 00:23:00,712 --> 00:23:05,317 he is more convinced than ever that we are not alone. 286 00:23:06,852 --> 00:23:10,956 One day, we might receive a signal from a planet like this, 287 00:23:11,220 --> 00:23:13,759 but we should be wary of answering back. 288 00:23:14,593 --> 00:23:19,297 Hawking references his involvement in the Breakthrough Listening Project, 289 00:23:19,364 --> 00:23:25,604 a ten-year $100-million initiative funded by a Russian billionaire. 290 00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:32,144 This groundbreaking project aims to fire tiny spacecraft 291 00:23:32,210 --> 00:23:34,546 into the furthest reaches of deep space. 292 00:23:35,313 --> 00:23:37,549 This project also plans on using 293 00:23:37,616 --> 00:23:40,485 the world's most sensitive radio telescopes 294 00:23:40,552 --> 00:23:43,722 to listen in on ten times the amount of sky 295 00:23:43,789 --> 00:23:45,857 than was previously achieved. 296 00:23:46,658 --> 00:23:51,290 Hawking said the real challenge is to work out what aliens 297 00:23:51,960 --> 00:23:52,898 might actually be like. 298 00:23:54,366 --> 00:23:59,371 Fast radio bursts, or FRBs, occur occasionally, 299 00:23:59,438 --> 00:24:02,700 and no one knows what is causing them. 300 00:24:02,674 --> 00:24:05,944 Usually, an FRB only happens once, 301 00:24:06,110 --> 00:24:09,548 a single burst coming from an unknown part of the sky. 302 00:24:09,614 --> 00:24:12,250 But in a paper published in Nature, 303 00:24:12,317 --> 00:24:17,689 researchers found a repeating sequence of a total of ten FRBs. 304 00:24:19,257 --> 00:24:21,793 Not only did these bursts repeat, 305 00:24:21,860 --> 00:24:27,232 but their brightness and spectra also differ from those of other FRBs. 306 00:24:29,568 --> 00:24:33,271 So, now, instead of just one strange category 307 00:24:33,338 --> 00:24:35,540 of weird radio signals, 308 00:24:35,607 --> 00:24:39,711 astronomers have a totally new category to deal with. 309 00:24:40,278 --> 00:24:41,746 There is some speculation 310 00:24:41,813 --> 00:24:46,718 that instead of being caused by an explosion or other cataclysm, 311 00:24:46,785 --> 00:24:52,900 these repeating FRBs was caused by a rotating neutron star, 312 00:24:52,157 --> 00:24:56,194 but they won't know until they can get more information. 313 00:24:58,163 --> 00:25:03,201 The universe is teeming with weird and unusual radio signals. 314 00:25:03,768 --> 00:25:08,773 Many boggle the mind as to where they may be coming from, or from whom, 315 00:25:09,374 --> 00:25:14,479 but space is not the only place you can find strange signals. 316 00:25:14,546 --> 00:25:19,150 Here on Earth, there are radio transmitters sending signals 317 00:25:19,217 --> 00:25:23,221 that may be intended for extraterrestrial ears. 318 00:25:39,204 --> 00:25:43,708 Here on Earth, there is a phenomenon of bizarre radio signals 319 00:25:43,775 --> 00:25:45,911 you can listen to yourself. 320 00:25:47,780 --> 00:25:50,181 No one knows their purpose, or in some cases, 321 00:25:50,248 --> 00:25:52,717 where they are being broadcast from. 322 00:25:53,552 --> 00:25:55,921 They are called number stations, 323 00:25:55,987 --> 00:25:59,724 and could be a way governments communicate with spies, 324 00:25:59,791 --> 00:26:02,861 or even ETs living here on Earth. 325 00:26:04,296 --> 00:26:06,598 Most assume a number station 326 00:26:06,665 --> 00:26:11,836 is a category of shortwave radio stations characterized by broadcasts 327 00:26:11,903 --> 00:26:16,141 of formatted numbers addressed to intelligence officers 328 00:26:16,207 --> 00:26:18,310 operating in foreign countries. 329 00:26:19,144 --> 00:26:25,483 Most identified stations use speech synthesis to vocalize numbers, 330 00:26:25,550 --> 00:26:29,321 although the digital modes such as phase-shift keying 331 00:26:29,387 --> 00:26:31,890 and frequency-shift keying, 332 00:26:31,156 --> 00:26:34,426 as well as Morse code transmissions are also used. 333 00:26:35,393 --> 00:26:39,998 UVB-76, also known as The Buzzer, 334 00:26:40,650 --> 00:26:45,303 is the nickname given by radio listeners to a shortwave radio station 335 00:26:45,370 --> 00:26:49,808 that broadcasts on the frequency of 4625 kilohertz. 336 00:26:50,875 --> 00:26:54,613 It broadcasts a short, monotonous buzz tone 337 00:26:54,679 --> 00:26:58,984 repeating at a rate of approximately 25 tones per minute, 338 00:26:59,500 --> 00:27:00,852 24 hours a day. 339 00:27:02,287 --> 00:27:05,657 Sometimes, The Buzzer's signal is interrupted, 340 00:27:05,724 --> 00:27:08,893 and a voice transmission in Russian takes place. 341 00:27:09,628 --> 00:27:15,000 The first reports were made of a station on this frequency in 1982. 342 00:27:16,601 --> 00:27:19,204 Its origins have been traced to Russia. 343 00:27:19,270 --> 00:27:22,307 And although several theories with varying degrees 344 00:27:22,374 --> 00:27:24,409 of plausibility exist, 345 00:27:24,476 --> 00:27:28,446 its actual purpose has never been officially confirmed 346 00:27:28,513 --> 00:27:31,883 and remains a source of speculation. 347 00:27:32,817 --> 00:27:38,857 The creepy and, sometimes, incoherent broadcasts from UVB-76 348 00:27:38,923 --> 00:27:41,920 sounds like this. 349 00:28:14,893 --> 00:28:19,698 Other number stations have different broadcasts, such as these. 350 00:28:25,570 --> 00:28:29,908 Zero, two, five, eight, eight. 351 00:28:30,942 --> 00:28:34,979 Zero, two, five, eight, eight. 352 00:28:36,514 --> 00:28:38,283 Whatever these signals are, 353 00:28:38,349 --> 00:28:42,253 they have mystified listeners since the 1970s 354 00:28:42,320 --> 00:28:46,558 when they were first detected by amateur radio enthusiasts. 355 00:28:47,258 --> 00:28:50,962 Since then, listeners have monitored these stations 356 00:28:51,290 --> 00:28:54,320 and heard many bizarre things. 357 00:28:54,990 --> 00:28:57,669 Such as what appears to be phone conversations, 358 00:28:57,736 --> 00:29:01,106 alien signals, alien language, 359 00:29:01,172 --> 00:29:05,477 and even a fight with the microphone accidentally left open. 360 00:29:06,911 --> 00:29:11,382 Using modern computer technology and audio software, 361 00:29:11,449 --> 00:29:15,286 listeners have scoured the signals for hidden messages 362 00:29:15,353 --> 00:29:17,722 and signals within signals. 363 00:29:18,356 --> 00:29:22,160 Both male and female voices have been heard. 364 00:29:24,950 --> 00:29:28,199 Since their discovery, a small group of station enthusiasts 365 00:29:28,266 --> 00:29:31,302 have kept a close ear on these broadcasts, 366 00:29:31,369 --> 00:29:34,706 listening intently for whatever they do next. 367 00:29:35,707 --> 00:29:38,710 Internet message boards and groups have been founded 368 00:29:38,777 --> 00:29:43,810 to report unusual things heard from these transmitters. 369 00:29:44,182 --> 00:29:47,986 Whatever these signals are, like all AM broadcasts, 370 00:29:48,520 --> 00:29:51,623 they travel away from our planet into deep space, 371 00:29:51,689 --> 00:29:55,326 and may even be some encrypted communication 372 00:29:55,393 --> 00:29:58,960 with extraterrestrial receivers, 373 00:29:58,163 --> 00:30:01,399 though their purpose can only be imagined. 374 00:30:22,387 --> 00:30:26,324 It is entirely possible that aliens have been receiving 375 00:30:26,391 --> 00:30:31,196 our signals and have been messing with our own spacecraft. 376 00:30:32,597 --> 00:30:37,100 Space probe Voyager 2, during its path through space, 377 00:30:37,680 --> 00:30:41,940 sent a message to its base on Earth in a quite unintelligible language. 378 00:30:42,273 --> 00:30:46,644 NASA, after over six years, did not know the reason, 379 00:30:46,711 --> 00:30:49,714 but they know that it cannot be accidental. 380 00:30:50,715 --> 00:30:55,854 Voyager 2 is the first spacecraft to leave the solar system in 2010, 381 00:30:55,920 --> 00:30:58,423 and it was in the moments when the spacecraft 382 00:30:58,489 --> 00:31:03,461 would enter into interstellar space that a strange thing happened. 383 00:31:04,950 --> 00:31:10,100 NASA would consider someone or something had assumed control over it. 384 00:31:11,469 --> 00:31:15,974 NASA rebooted the spacecraft's computer to erase its message 385 00:31:16,400 --> 00:31:19,143 and now Voyager is continuing on its mission. 386 00:31:19,744 --> 00:31:26,618 Voyager 2 also contains a recording for ET should it ever be discovered by aliens. 387 00:31:27,510 --> 00:31:32,790 Perhaps they did, and used the spacecraft's own transmitter to reply. 388 00:31:33,925 --> 00:31:35,627 NASA also reported 389 00:31:35,693 --> 00:31:39,831 that one of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatories, 390 00:31:39,898 --> 00:31:42,867 known as the STEREO-B spacecraft, 391 00:31:42,934 --> 00:31:47,238 has made contact after two years of silence. 392 00:31:48,206 --> 00:31:52,443 When STEREO-B went quiet in October of 2014, 393 00:31:52,510 --> 00:31:55,213 it was hardly considered a failure. 394 00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:58,816 Its mission was only supposed to last for two years. 395 00:31:58,883 --> 00:32:01,252 Like many NASA spacecraft, 396 00:32:01,319 --> 00:32:05,523 the STEREO probes have been exceeding their shelf life. 397 00:32:06,224 --> 00:32:10,428 For some reason, the team still isn't sure exactly why, 398 00:32:10,495 --> 00:32:14,532 the spacecraft reacted poorly to the hard reset 399 00:32:14,599 --> 00:32:18,690 that its sister probe breezed right through. 400 00:32:18,469 --> 00:32:23,241 STEREO-B let out a single weak signal, then went quiet. 401 00:32:24,142 --> 00:32:28,790 Twenty-two months after the silent treatment began, 402 00:32:28,146 --> 00:32:33,318 STEREO-B came back in communication with the Deep Space Network, 403 00:32:33,384 --> 00:32:35,530 the antenna system 404 00:32:35,119 --> 00:32:38,623 that NASA uses to pick up signals from its missions. 405 00:32:39,424 --> 00:32:43,528 No one knows what it was doing for 22 months. 406 00:32:45,330 --> 00:32:49,467 In 1999, a disaster investigation board 407 00:32:49,534 --> 00:32:52,804 reported that NASA's Mars Climate Orbiter 408 00:32:52,870 --> 00:32:57,742 burned up in the Martian atmosphere because engineers failed to convert units 409 00:32:57,809 --> 00:32:59,877 from English to metric. 410 00:33:00,745 --> 00:33:05,490 The $125-million satellite was supposed to be 411 00:33:05,116 --> 00:33:07,785 the first weather observer on another world. 412 00:33:08,152 --> 00:33:11,889 But as it approached the red planet to slip into a stable orbit, 413 00:33:11,956 --> 00:33:15,526 September 23rd, the Orbiter vanished. 414 00:33:16,194 --> 00:33:20,198 Scientists quickly realized it was gone for good. 415 00:33:20,999 --> 00:33:24,135 It was pretty clear that morning, within half an hour, 416 00:33:24,202 --> 00:33:26,471 that the spacecraft had more or less 417 00:33:26,537 --> 00:33:29,273 hit the top of the atmosphere and burned up. 418 00:33:29,607 --> 00:33:32,143 NASA blamed themselves for the error, 419 00:33:32,210 --> 00:33:36,647 but was never sure exactly what caused the crash. 420 00:33:39,650 --> 00:33:43,354 The Russian Phobos program was an unmanned space mission 421 00:33:43,421 --> 00:33:47,358 consisting of two probes launched by the Soviet Union 422 00:33:47,425 --> 00:33:50,862 to study Mars and its moons Phobos and Deimos. 423 00:33:51,629 --> 00:33:56,367 Phobos 1 was launched on the 7th of July of 1988, 424 00:33:56,434 --> 00:34:00,538 and Phobos 2 on the 12th July of 1988, 425 00:34:00,605 --> 00:34:03,608 each aboard a Proton-K rocket. 426 00:34:05,443 --> 00:34:09,680 Phobos 1 suffered a terminal failure en route to Mars. 427 00:34:09,747 --> 00:34:12,583 Phobos 2 attained Mars orbit, 428 00:34:12,650 --> 00:34:15,486 but contact was lost before the final phase 429 00:34:15,553 --> 00:34:19,290 prior to deployment of a planned Phobos lander. 430 00:34:21,590 --> 00:34:25,663 Phobos 1 operated normally until an expected communications session 431 00:34:25,730 --> 00:34:28,266 on September 2nd failed to occur. 432 00:34:28,766 --> 00:34:31,969 The failure of controllers to regain contact 433 00:34:32,360 --> 00:34:34,672 with the spacecraft was traced to an error 434 00:34:34,739 --> 00:34:38,910 in which they had deactivated the attitude thrusters. 435 00:34:39,610 --> 00:34:41,612 By losing its lock on the Sun, 436 00:34:41,679 --> 00:34:46,500 the spacecraft could no longer properly orient its solar arrays, 437 00:34:46,117 --> 00:34:48,190 thus, depleting its batteries. 438 00:34:48,619 --> 00:34:52,560 No one knows if the software was tampered with. 439 00:34:54,425 --> 00:34:57,962 Phobos 2 arrived in January of 1989, 440 00:34:58,290 --> 00:35:01,599 and entered in orbit around Mars as the first phase 441 00:35:01,666 --> 00:35:06,671 towards its real destination, a small Martian moon called Phobos. 442 00:35:07,305 --> 00:35:09,730 The mission was flawless, 443 00:35:09,140 --> 00:35:12,777 until the craft aligned itself with the moon. 444 00:35:15,279 --> 00:35:19,884 On March 28, 1989, an elliptical object was detected 445 00:35:19,951 --> 00:35:23,888 moving towards the satellite seconds before it failed. 446 00:35:23,955 --> 00:35:27,525 All indications were that the elliptical object 447 00:35:27,592 --> 00:35:29,827 had attacked the satellite, 448 00:35:29,894 --> 00:35:33,331 which was now dead and left spinning out of control. 449 00:35:33,898 --> 00:35:36,400 On March 28th of 1989, 450 00:35:36,467 --> 00:35:40,571 TASS, the official Soviet News Agency stated, 451 00:35:40,638 --> 00:35:44,909 "Phobos 2 failed to communicate with Earth as scheduled 452 00:35:44,976 --> 00:35:50,140 after completing an operation around the Martian moon Phobos. 453 00:35:50,248 --> 00:35:54,752 Scientists at mission control have been unable to establish 454 00:35:54,819 --> 00:35:57,210 stable radio contact." 455 00:35:57,788 --> 00:36:03,270 But the next day, a top official of the Soviet Space Agency said, 456 00:36:03,940 --> 00:36:07,310 "Phobos 2 is 99% lost for good." 457 00:36:07,298 --> 00:36:11,836 It is important to note that he stated the entire satellite was gone, 458 00:36:12,103 --> 00:36:14,438 and not just contact with it. 459 00:36:15,600 --> 00:36:19,760 Of great interest to ufologists was an image captured 460 00:36:19,143 --> 00:36:22,513 either on or above the surface of Mars, 461 00:36:22,580 --> 00:36:24,749 commonly called The Shadow. 462 00:36:24,815 --> 00:36:28,452 Whatever caused this has never been determined. 463 00:36:29,253 --> 00:36:34,910 If it was indeed a craft, it is of immense size. 464 00:36:43,634 --> 00:36:46,204 On March 31st, 1989, 465 00:36:46,270 --> 00:36:49,674 headlines dispatched by Moscow correspondents 466 00:36:49,740 --> 00:36:52,443 of the European News Agency stated, 467 00:36:52,510 --> 00:36:55,947 "Phobos 2 Captured Strange Photos of Mars 468 00:36:56,130 --> 00:36:59,183 Before Losing Contact With Its Base." 469 00:36:59,450 --> 00:37:03,721 The space probe Phobos 2, which was orbiting above Mars 470 00:37:03,788 --> 00:37:06,791 when Soviet scientists lost contact with it, 471 00:37:06,857 --> 00:37:11,429 had photographed an unidentified object on the Mars surface 472 00:37:11,495 --> 00:37:13,864 seconds before losing contact. 473 00:37:14,699 --> 00:37:17,568 Scientists described the unidentified object 474 00:37:17,635 --> 00:37:21,720 as a "thin ellipse, 20 kilometers long." 475 00:37:21,939 --> 00:37:25,543 It was further stated that the photos could not be an illusion 476 00:37:25,610 --> 00:37:28,646 because it was captured by two different cameras, 477 00:37:28,713 --> 00:37:31,749 as well as cameras taking infrared shots. 478 00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:36,988 One controller at the Kaliningrad Control Center 479 00:37:37,540 --> 00:37:40,791 concluded that the probe was now spinning out of control. 480 00:37:41,920 --> 00:37:45,963 It would seem that something struck or shot the Phobos 2 probe. 481 00:37:46,731 --> 00:37:50,868 It has long been rumored that Mars and its moon, Phobos, 482 00:37:50,935 --> 00:37:52,937 are alien colonies. 483 00:37:53,504 --> 00:37:57,408 The surface of Mars is covered with strange shapes, buildings 484 00:37:57,742 --> 00:37:59,977 that do not appear to be natural, 485 00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:03,748 such as pyramids, square buildings, runways. 486 00:38:04,348 --> 00:38:07,918 Phobos itself has an unusual monument on it 487 00:38:07,985 --> 00:38:11,622 that has never been carefully photographed or explored. 488 00:38:15,459 --> 00:38:19,130 An alien UFO anomaly caused the explosion 489 00:38:19,196 --> 00:38:22,330 of the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket 490 00:38:22,990 --> 00:38:26,437 slated to carry Facebook's Amos-6 satellite to space. 491 00:38:27,405 --> 00:38:32,760 The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket exploded on the launchpad 40 492 00:38:32,143 --> 00:38:36,547 during a pre-launch static fire test at Cape Canaveral 493 00:38:36,614 --> 00:38:39,350 September the first of 2016. 494 00:38:40,184 --> 00:38:43,688 The explosion, according to a statement released on Facebook 495 00:38:43,754 --> 00:38:48,259 by Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, or SpaceX, 496 00:38:48,326 --> 00:38:50,828 was caused by an anomaly 497 00:38:50,928 --> 00:38:54,598 that developed around the upper-stage oxygen tank. 498 00:38:55,433 --> 00:38:59,170 The official video of the test firing of the rocket shows 499 00:38:59,236 --> 00:39:03,400 a UFO flying at an incredible rate of speed 500 00:39:03,107 --> 00:39:08,145 past the space vessel and launchpad just before it exploded. 501 00:39:14,618 --> 00:39:17,540 A welder at the site posted a message 502 00:39:17,121 --> 00:39:19,657 that several minutes before the launch, 503 00:39:19,724 --> 00:39:25,329 personnel at the site had spotted UFOs in the sky over the facility. 504 00:39:26,197 --> 00:39:30,768 The video shows an object flying over and past the launchpad 505 00:39:30,835 --> 00:39:33,137 seconds before the explosion. 506 00:39:33,537 --> 00:39:37,740 Conspiracy theory analysis insists 507 00:39:37,141 --> 00:39:41,110 that the mysterious object was not a bird or a bug. 508 00:39:41,445 --> 00:39:47,485 High magnification analysis of the video, according to UFO researchers, 509 00:39:47,551 --> 00:39:51,522 shows an object that is clearly distinguishable in appearance 510 00:39:51,589 --> 00:39:54,925 and flight characteristics from all other birds 511 00:39:54,992 --> 00:39:59,230 that can be seen in the video flying in the vicinity of the launchpad 512 00:39:59,296 --> 00:40:01,310 before the explosion. 513 00:40:02,666 --> 00:40:06,404 To date, no one knows what caused the anomaly, 514 00:40:06,470 --> 00:40:10,241 and with a UFO clearly in the video frames, 515 00:40:10,307 --> 00:40:15,179 one can only imagine the true nature of this incident. 516 00:40:29,493 --> 00:40:30,694 To astronomers, 517 00:40:30,761 --> 00:40:35,466 black holes are the largest vacuum cleaners of the universe. 518 00:40:36,100 --> 00:40:39,336 Things go in but never come out. 519 00:40:39,970 --> 00:40:42,640 Two of NASA's space telescopes, 520 00:40:42,706 --> 00:40:46,877 including the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, 521 00:40:46,944 --> 00:40:50,448 miraculously observed a black hole's corona 522 00:40:50,514 --> 00:40:53,984 launched away from the supermassive black hole. 523 00:40:54,618 --> 00:40:58,656 Then a massive pulse of X-ray energy spewed out. 524 00:40:59,156 --> 00:41:01,125 So what exactly happened? 525 00:41:01,492 --> 00:41:05,950 That's what scientists are trying to figure out now. 526 00:41:06,330 --> 00:41:10,301 The gravity is so strong around a black hole, 527 00:41:10,367 --> 00:41:13,637 that it was believed that nothing in the known universe 528 00:41:13,704 --> 00:41:18,442 could come out of a black hole, even light gets sucked in. 529 00:41:20,770 --> 00:41:24,381 It seems that we have been able to observe a phenomenon 530 00:41:24,448 --> 00:41:28,786 that has completely changed how we thought black holes functioned. 531 00:41:29,353 --> 00:41:33,257 An object actually exited the corona of the black hole, 532 00:41:33,324 --> 00:41:36,861 and afterwards a flare of X-ray energy followed suit 533 00:41:36,927 --> 00:41:39,396 leaving us completely baffled. 534 00:41:40,164 --> 00:41:43,367 When you think about how huge this object is, 535 00:41:43,434 --> 00:41:46,670 it really makes us wonder what it could possibly be. 536 00:41:47,338 --> 00:41:51,542 The black hole itself is five billion light-years away, 537 00:41:51,609 --> 00:41:55,346 and the object itself was thousands of miles wide. 538 00:41:56,914 --> 00:41:59,850 The radio X-ray transmission of this event 539 00:41:59,917 --> 00:42:04,321 was as much energy as the galaxy itself contains. 540 00:42:04,722 --> 00:42:10,694 This event has caused many to speculate that aliens may be using black holes 541 00:42:10,761 --> 00:42:13,931 to travel from one galaxy to another, 542 00:42:13,998 --> 00:42:17,468 using their unique power to fold space 543 00:42:17,535 --> 00:42:21,272 and travel great distances in a matter of a few minutes. 544 00:42:21,839 --> 00:42:24,875 Sometimes, flares are seen in this area. 545 00:42:24,942 --> 00:42:27,177 Sometimes, up to ten per week. 546 00:42:27,611 --> 00:42:31,682 Some speculate that this could be the traffic of spacecraft 547 00:42:31,749 --> 00:42:36,554 using the black hole as a gateway to distant locations. 548 00:42:40,591 --> 00:42:44,995 If black holes and cosmic space travelers are not enough, 549 00:42:45,620 --> 00:42:50,734 speech patterns have been found in a radio signal released in 2004 550 00:42:50,801 --> 00:42:53,671 recorded by the Cassini spacecraft 551 00:42:53,737 --> 00:42:56,140 when it passed through Saturn's rings. 552 00:42:56,707 --> 00:43:00,440 Judge for yourself what the voices are saying. 553 00:43:00,444 --> 00:43:05,783 It is a very bizarre anomaly, but very much worth investigating. 554 00:43:32,209 --> 00:43:36,780 Many researchers claim to hear voices in these sounds, 555 00:43:36,847 --> 00:43:40,417 leading people to wonder if alien transmissions 556 00:43:40,484 --> 00:43:42,820 are caught in the rings of Saturn, 557 00:43:42,886 --> 00:43:47,391 and are bouncing around off the magnetic metals in the rings. 558 00:43:48,250 --> 00:43:52,620 In fact, some of these odd sounds could very well be 559 00:43:52,129 --> 00:43:54,198 from alien transmissions. 560 00:43:55,666 --> 00:44:00,471 Another weird phenomena is called sky wave transmissions. 561 00:44:00,537 --> 00:44:04,341 This is where transmissions from Earth are reflected back 562 00:44:04,408 --> 00:44:06,377 and are received years later. 563 00:44:06,877 --> 00:44:11,181 For example, on January the 15th of 2014, 564 00:44:11,248 --> 00:44:16,860 Henry Palabyab recorded the now famous Hindenburg Disaster 565 00:44:16,153 --> 00:44:18,956 radio transmission from 1937. 566 00:44:19,590 --> 00:44:22,693 He was testing his home-brewed transmitter, 567 00:44:22,760 --> 00:44:25,896 recording his voice on 890 kilohertz, 568 00:44:25,963 --> 00:44:28,465 and the radio broadcast came in. 569 00:44:28,532 --> 00:44:31,101 ...ship are just holding it, 570 00:44:31,168 --> 00:44:32,803 just enough to keep it from... 571 00:44:32,870 --> 00:44:35,390 It burst into flames! Get this, Charlie! Get this, Charlie! 572 00:44:35,105 --> 00:44:37,808 It's burning and it's crashing! It's crashing terrible! 573 00:44:37,875 --> 00:44:39,710 Oh, my! Get out of the way, please. 574 00:44:39,777 --> 00:44:43,130 It's burning, bursting into flames and it's falling on the mooring mast, 575 00:44:43,800 --> 00:44:44,882 and all the folks agree that this is terrible. 576 00:44:44,948 --> 00:44:47,840 This is one of the worst catastrophes in the world. 577 00:44:50,587 --> 00:44:54,992 At first, he thought it may be a rebroadcast from a local station, 578 00:44:55,590 --> 00:44:58,162 but later found out that other frequencies 579 00:44:58,228 --> 00:45:02,132 were also receiving signals around the 1930s 580 00:45:02,199 --> 00:45:05,502 when he heard the station's ID and did some research. 581 00:45:06,303 --> 00:45:09,606 Radio scientists predict that in a few years, 582 00:45:09,673 --> 00:45:13,544 the famous Orson Welles' War of the Worlds broadcast 583 00:45:13,610 --> 00:45:16,146 may be able to be received again. 584 00:45:19,283 --> 00:45:23,520 Sky wave propagations is a known scientific fact 585 00:45:23,620 --> 00:45:27,558 and signals traveling through space could get bounced around 586 00:45:27,624 --> 00:45:32,596 and received on Earth many times before they eventually fade away. 587 00:45:34,164 --> 00:45:37,340 If aliens are more advanced than us, 588 00:45:37,101 --> 00:45:40,504 many scientists believe that they would not use 589 00:45:40,571 --> 00:45:43,941 crude radio transmissions to communicate at all. 590 00:45:44,575 --> 00:45:48,278 All matter vibrates at a consistent rate. 591 00:45:48,779 --> 00:45:52,382 Even the fabric of the physical universe itself 592 00:45:52,449 --> 00:45:54,785 has a vibratory frequency. 593 00:45:55,419 --> 00:46:01,191 String theory says the universe is made of multiple kinds of vibrations. 594 00:46:01,258 --> 00:46:05,763 The vibrations are called strings because they are one-dimensional, 595 00:46:05,829 --> 00:46:07,564 like the strings on a guitar. 596 00:46:08,532 --> 00:46:12,350 The theory is, if you pluck one of these strings, 597 00:46:12,102 --> 00:46:15,339 you could send a vibration throughout the universe. 598 00:46:15,773 --> 00:46:18,609 In essence, you would be using the fabric 599 00:46:18,675 --> 00:46:22,279 of the physical universe itself as a carrier, 600 00:46:22,346 --> 00:46:27,117 and layering modulation on that carrier for communication. 601 00:46:28,452 --> 00:46:32,523 Like the Internet, you could send binary messages, 602 00:46:32,589 --> 00:46:36,727 photos, video, voice or music transmissions. 603 00:46:37,127 --> 00:46:41,298 Because the entire universe is being utilized to do this, 604 00:46:41,732 --> 00:46:43,867 distance is not a factor, 605 00:46:43,934 --> 00:46:46,270 because if you pluck the universe here, 606 00:46:46,336 --> 00:46:50,730 it would be heard anywhere within the universe itself. 607 00:46:51,108 --> 00:46:55,712 Aliens tapping in to the fabric of the universe as a carrier 608 00:46:55,813 --> 00:46:59,850 could be sending and receiving transmissions in real-time 609 00:46:59,917 --> 00:47:02,586 from anywhere to anywhere. 610 00:47:02,653 --> 00:47:05,989 Like a cosmic or galactic Internet, 611 00:47:06,560 --> 00:47:09,526 entire civilizations could be talking to each other, 612 00:47:09,593 --> 00:47:13,230 sharing images, schematics, video, 613 00:47:13,297 --> 00:47:17,401 and learning from each other without actually meeting physically 614 00:47:17,467 --> 00:47:20,304 like we do with our primitive Internet. 615 00:47:21,605 --> 00:47:25,342 Vibration is energy, energy is vibration. 616 00:47:25,876 --> 00:47:30,581 All matter is energy, therefore, matter does not exist. 617 00:47:31,140 --> 00:47:35,252 A rock is simply a very low vibration that is so slow, 618 00:47:35,319 --> 00:47:36,854 it appears to be solid. 619 00:47:42,226 --> 00:47:46,830 The space between objects in a vacuum is actually energy. 620 00:47:47,130 --> 00:47:53,637 It is very low vibrations, but exists and takes up space as connected atoms. 621 00:47:53,704 --> 00:47:57,674 This is the fabric of the physical universe itself. 622 00:47:58,442 --> 00:48:02,412 If we could build a device, a galactic modem, 623 00:48:02,479 --> 00:48:05,582 that uses this fabric as a carrier, 624 00:48:05,649 --> 00:48:10,287 we could theoretically log in to the universal Internet, 625 00:48:10,354 --> 00:48:16,260 and communicate with extraterrestrials from nearby or distant galaxies. 626 00:48:16,627 --> 00:48:20,998 We could learn from them and share information about ourselves 627 00:48:21,640 --> 00:48:23,400 while never leaving our own planet. 628 00:48:23,901 --> 00:48:28,705 Imagine the advanced technology we would gain from aliens 629 00:48:28,772 --> 00:48:31,475 many years older than us. 630 00:48:32,876 --> 00:48:36,513 Of course, any species using this technology 631 00:48:36,580 --> 00:48:40,684 would have to be advanced enough to have discovered it in the first place. 632 00:48:41,251 --> 00:48:44,588 We may be like a child discovering the Internet 633 00:48:44,655 --> 00:48:45,956 for the first time. 634 00:48:46,423 --> 00:48:51,862 The universe could be a vast data storage system and network 635 00:48:51,929 --> 00:48:53,864 for life forms to access. 636 00:48:54,564 --> 00:48:58,680 You could write data into any physical object 637 00:48:58,135 --> 00:48:59,336 and store it there. 638 00:49:01,238 --> 00:49:07,144 If a universal Internet does exist that races have been using, 639 00:49:07,210 --> 00:49:11,315 how would they welcome us to their cosmic-information party? 640 00:49:11,915 --> 00:49:15,118 Would we even be able to understand the information 641 00:49:15,185 --> 00:49:16,853 being sent and stored there? 642 00:49:17,654 --> 00:49:19,790 How would we use that information? 643 00:49:20,490 --> 00:49:25,128 Technology can be useful, or harmful in the wrong hands. 644 00:49:25,595 --> 00:49:30,300 Are we ready to join a galactic alliance of people 645 00:49:30,367 --> 00:49:33,470 freely communicating across the cosmos? 646 00:49:46,183 --> 00:49:50,554 If aliens are not using radio and television to communicate, 647 00:49:50,620 --> 00:49:53,623 they may know that we do. 648 00:49:54,324 --> 00:49:58,295 It's possible they have tried to interrupt our transmissions 649 00:49:58,362 --> 00:50:01,465 for messages they feel is important. 650 00:50:02,432 --> 00:50:07,304 In 1977, an unusual transmission was received 651 00:50:07,371 --> 00:50:09,573 by United Kingdom watchers 652 00:50:09,639 --> 00:50:14,277 from someone claiming to be an intergalactic association. 653 00:50:15,112 --> 00:50:19,516 The voice, which was disguised, and accompanied by a deep buzzing, 654 00:50:19,583 --> 00:50:23,720 broke into the broadcast of the local ITV station 655 00:50:23,787 --> 00:50:28,458 Southern Television, overriding the UHF audio signal 656 00:50:28,525 --> 00:50:33,497 of the early evening news being read by Andrew Gardner from ITN, 657 00:50:33,563 --> 00:50:38,935 to warn viewers that "All your weapons of evil must be removed, 658 00:50:39,200 --> 00:50:41,271 and you have but a short time 659 00:50:41,338 --> 00:50:43,940 to learn to live together in peace." 660 00:50:45,750 --> 00:50:49,279 The interruption ceased shortly after the statement had been delivered. 661 00:50:49,613 --> 00:50:52,616 Transmissions returned to normal shortly before 662 00:50:52,682 --> 00:50:55,152 the end of a Looney Tunes cartoon. 663 00:50:55,652 --> 00:50:59,489 Later in the evening, Southern Television apologized 664 00:50:59,556 --> 00:51:01,324 for what it described as, 665 00:51:01,391 --> 00:51:04,327 "a breakthrough in sound for some viewers." 666 00:51:04,895 --> 00:51:10,534 ITN also reported on the incident in its own late evening Saturday bulletin. 667 00:51:13,103 --> 00:51:18,842 The broadcast took over the sound only, leaving the video signal unaltered, 668 00:51:18,909 --> 00:51:21,211 aside from some picture distortion. 669 00:51:21,878 --> 00:51:24,414 The incident caused some alarm locally, 670 00:51:24,481 --> 00:51:29,553 and attracted considerable publicity in the next day's Sunday newspapers. 671 00:51:31,254 --> 00:51:36,927 The winter 1977, 24th issue of Fortean Times Magazine 672 00:51:36,993 --> 00:51:40,130 featured a transcript of what they described 673 00:51:40,197 --> 00:51:43,133 as the short message that was broadcast. 674 00:51:43,533 --> 00:51:46,503 At times, it is difficult to make out. 675 00:51:46,570 --> 00:51:52,509 However, here is the entire message that was recorded along with text. 676 00:51:53,310 --> 00:51:58,115 The message began with a series of beeps, and then... 677 00:55:24,354 --> 00:55:25,889 ...use your imagination... 678 00:55:25,955 --> 00:55:28,992 To this day, the source of the transmission 679 00:55:29,590 --> 00:55:31,270 has never been determined. 680 00:55:31,940 --> 00:55:34,297 But if it was indeed an alien broadcast, 681 00:55:34,364 --> 00:55:37,734 it seemed to be a dire warning for mankind, 682 00:55:37,801 --> 00:55:40,870 and yet, hope towards the end. 683 00:55:41,538 --> 00:55:44,374 Though the message occurred in 1977, 684 00:55:44,708 --> 00:55:49,946 it fits our current political situation and world conditions perfectly. 685 00:55:51,114 --> 00:55:54,117 Is it possible that aliens from space 686 00:55:54,184 --> 00:55:57,520 have been monitoring us, know our future, 687 00:55:57,587 --> 00:56:02,926 and are trying to warn us with signals of extraterrestrial origin? 688 00:56:18,241 --> 00:56:22,312 Let's imagine super-intelligent jellyfish, 689 00:56:22,379 --> 00:56:25,215 searching for life beyond the ocean. 690 00:56:25,281 --> 00:56:28,840 So they send out pheromone signals. 691 00:56:28,485 --> 00:56:33,123 We, humans, nor any land animals, are able to pick up these signals 692 00:56:33,189 --> 00:56:36,793 or respond to them in any way that the jellyfish can. 693 00:56:37,327 --> 00:56:42,899 Wouldn't that be similar to our approach with sending out radio signals into space? 694 00:56:43,466 --> 00:56:48,138 Why do we assume extraterrestrial life is just like us 695 00:56:48,204 --> 00:56:51,708 and can understand our ways of communication? 696 00:56:52,675 --> 00:56:57,414 Perhaps, aliens use some other method for communication. 697 00:56:58,848 --> 00:57:02,886 The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, or SETI, 698 00:57:02,952 --> 00:57:05,688 is a collective term for the scientific search 699 00:57:05,755 --> 00:57:08,625 for intelligent extraterrestrial life, 700 00:57:08,691 --> 00:57:13,863 monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions 701 00:57:13,930 --> 00:57:16,666 from civilizations on other worlds. 702 00:57:18,234 --> 00:57:20,870 SETI's effort is a passive experiment 703 00:57:20,937 --> 00:57:24,407 designed only to look for signals, not to send them. 704 00:57:24,808 --> 00:57:29,746 However, we are unintentionally transmitting signals into space, 705 00:57:29,813 --> 00:57:32,715 primarily radio, television and radar signals, 706 00:57:32,782 --> 00:57:34,851 for more than 50 years. 707 00:57:35,585 --> 00:57:38,888 Our earliest TV broadcasts would have reached 708 00:57:38,955 --> 00:57:43,893 several thousand nearby stars in a 50 light-year radius. 709 00:57:43,960 --> 00:57:46,596 Although, any alien viewers 710 00:57:46,663 --> 00:57:50,166 would have to build a very large antenna to detect them. 711 00:57:50,233 --> 00:57:54,370 Unless, of course, they have other technologies. 712 00:57:55,839 --> 00:57:59,242 ET may communicate using a variety of methods, 713 00:57:59,309 --> 00:58:03,246 such as light, pressure, sound, and even pheromones, 714 00:58:03,646 --> 00:58:06,616 which, of course, could not travel between stars. 715 00:58:07,160 --> 00:58:12,455 However, like us, they may send probes to explore distant worlds. 716 00:58:14,991 --> 00:58:18,461 Just as we have sent Voyager and Pioneer probes 717 00:58:18,528 --> 00:58:20,630 beyond our solar system, 718 00:58:20,697 --> 00:58:24,834 aliens may have probes on their way here, right now. 719 00:58:24,901 --> 00:58:27,904 Somewhere between interstellar spaces, 720 00:58:27,971 --> 00:58:31,140 a tiny space probe from another planet 721 00:58:31,207 --> 00:58:35,110 may be whisking its way through the ether for a final approach 722 00:58:35,780 --> 00:58:38,515 to the gravitational pull of our solar system. 723 00:58:39,820 --> 00:58:44,120 It could be transmitting curious beeps, hoping we will detect it. 724 00:58:45,210 --> 00:58:48,858 It's entirely possible they may attempt to contact us, 725 00:58:48,925 --> 00:58:53,830 or any other civilization via some non-physical method, 726 00:58:53,897 --> 00:58:57,634 such as astral travel or inter-dimensional communication. 727 00:58:58,668 --> 00:59:03,206 Multiple signals and forms of communication could be out there 728 00:59:03,273 --> 00:59:07,944 that we are simply not spiritually advanced enough to acknowledge. 729 00:59:08,912 --> 00:59:13,249 Of course, aliens may have absolutely no interest in us. 730 00:59:13,616 --> 00:59:16,819 They could be completely aware of our existence, 731 00:59:16,886 --> 00:59:19,422 yet have no desire to talk to us. 732 00:59:20,560 --> 00:59:23,326 It's also possible they may go to great lengths 733 00:59:23,393 --> 00:59:26,896 to keep us from detecting any of their transmissions. 734 00:59:27,196 --> 00:59:30,667 They could simply be xenophobic or afraid of us. 735 00:59:32,735 --> 00:59:36,773 Modern UFO sightings would seem to support this idea, 736 00:59:36,839 --> 00:59:39,943 since no flying saucer has made any effort 737 00:59:40,900 --> 00:59:43,179 to land in an obvious place and its occupants 738 00:59:43,246 --> 00:59:45,682 request an audience with Earth leaders. 739 00:59:46,349 --> 00:59:50,190 UFOs appear to visit, do whatever they need to do 740 00:59:50,860 --> 00:59:54,924 then leave without any specific effort to communicate directly with us. 741 00:59:55,858 --> 00:59:58,294 Beyond the few abduction cases, 742 00:59:58,361 --> 01:00:01,598 where abductees are given messages or instruction, 743 01:00:01,664 --> 01:00:06,135 the aliens seem to have apathy towards us all as a species. 744 01:00:06,336 --> 01:00:09,806 In some cases, having no more emotion towards us 745 01:00:09,872 --> 01:00:12,508 than a scientist would have for a lab rat. 746 01:00:15,144 --> 01:00:18,448 Science, of course, requires physical proof. 747 01:00:18,748 --> 01:00:21,170 Something they can touch and test. 748 01:00:21,384 --> 01:00:26,890 For them, abductions are just unsubstantiated stories. 749 01:00:27,757 --> 01:00:30,493 If we do receive a signal from space 750 01:00:30,560 --> 01:00:33,596 that is confirmed to be from extraterrestrials, 751 01:00:33,663 --> 01:00:36,833 there are a number of protocols nations would take 752 01:00:36,899 --> 01:00:38,635 to issue this information. 753 01:00:39,402 --> 01:00:41,571 First, it would need to be confirmed, 754 01:00:41,638 --> 01:00:43,272 then the most likely scenario 755 01:00:43,339 --> 01:00:47,443 would be for the United Nations to issue a media report, 756 01:00:47,510 --> 01:00:51,581 and the U.S.A. President would probably issue a statement 757 01:00:51,648 --> 01:00:54,450 regarding the signal and appease the public. 758 01:00:55,510 --> 01:01:00,690 After that, our world would change in dramatic and subtle ways. 759 01:01:01,157 --> 01:01:04,394 We would no longer think of ourselves as nations 760 01:01:04,460 --> 01:01:07,363 on an isolated planet alone in the night. 761 01:01:07,764 --> 01:01:10,933 Instead, we would likely embrace the knowledge 762 01:01:11,000 --> 01:01:15,400 that we are not alone and live in a vast universe 763 01:01:15,710 --> 01:01:16,839 with galactic neighbors. 764 01:01:17,807 --> 01:01:21,377 Our religions and beliefs would need to adjust 765 01:01:21,477 --> 01:01:24,480 to this new concept, which would take time. 766 01:01:25,480 --> 01:01:28,117 Just like the paradigm shift that occurred when the world 767 01:01:28,184 --> 01:01:32,522 slowly came to acknowledge our planet was round and not flat, 768 01:01:32,588 --> 01:01:35,324 and was not the center of the universe, 769 01:01:35,391 --> 01:01:41,300 our concepts and ideas will change to include this new paradigm. 770 01:01:42,310 --> 01:01:47,470 All of this could begin with a simple repeated beep 771 01:01:47,537 --> 01:01:52,742 from some source coming from the vastness of outer space. 63957

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