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Freedom.
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You say America, and it's probably
the next word that comes to mind.
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It's our fundamental right to
live our lives however we want.
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But freedom isn't
something we've always had.
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When I was 18 I joined the air force and
I did well enough on my test to qualify
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as an electronic counter measures operator.
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But I was told I couldn't take that job.
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Apparently, no black man could
fly with the Strategic Air Command.
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Abraham Lincoln knew that a country
could only truly stand for freedom if
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it applied to all of its people.
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Around the world there's
a growing tide of freedom.
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The belief that every person has
the right to self determination
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is growing stronger and stronger.
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I wonder, if one day we will all be free.
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What drives people to fight for freedom?
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Five nights before elections
they told everybody Putin
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will be the next president.
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I was just really angry.
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Can we find liberty even
when bound in chains?
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My mind and emotions were
beyond the confines of that cell.
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And when will everyone be
free to be who they really are?
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I wanna wear a Burkah so
nobody sees me as a boy.
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That's when I felt what
freedom really meant.
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This is my journey.
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To discover the ties that bind us.
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And the common humanity inside us.
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This is The Story of Us.
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Subtitles by explosiveskull
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I'm going to meet a man
who was born a slave.
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Shin Dong Hyuk began his life
in a North Korean labor camp.
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It was the only world he knew
until he was 23 years old.
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I wonder what freedom means for someone
who first encounters it as an adult?
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Shin and his wife Leann are meeting me
in New York City to tell me his story.
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Nice to meet you.
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- How do you do?
- Good.
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So, how long you two been married?
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- Two year.
- Two years?
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- Yeah, this April.
- Is that a long time yet?
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- Yes.
- Yeah.
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Feels long at the same time it
feels like it was just yesterday.
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Ok, got, got you out of a hole there.
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You been free now for, what?
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Eleven year.
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Eleven years, okay, so you
were born in a slave labor camp?
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Yep, so.
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How did it come about that
you were gonna be born there?
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My parents go in the camp,
I was born in the camp.
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- They were political prisoners?
- Yes.
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The United Nations estimates
there are about 100,000
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political prisoners in North Korea.
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You can be thrown into a prison camp simply
by speaking ill of the country's leader.
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Just talk to me a little bit about
daily life while you were in the camp.
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You were there for a long time.
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We woke around 4 AM.
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and there would be some kind of
signal either a bell, maybe a speaker
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and we would know it
was time to go and work.
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So would do whatever task it would be.
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It could be farming corn rice, it
could be working in the coal mines.
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None of us had dreams
or hopes for the future.
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It was just so natural,
that's just the way it was.
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Born there, lived there, die there.
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If we do something wrong or don't work
well, the guards would give us an option,
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you can either starve or get beat.
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Gee wiz!
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So one of the rules that we learn is that
we are never, ever supposed to eat anything,
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that is not given to us.
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This little girl was probably six or seven
at the time but she must have came across
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something to eat and she didn't want to
eat it all at once and she must have wanted
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to save it so she had to hid it in her
pocket and one of the guards had said,
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why didn't follow the rule,
you know better than that?
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And he repeatedly hit her on her
head and eventually she passed out.
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The next day she didn't come to class
so the guard sent us to go get her
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but when we got the house she was dead.
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They beat this child to death?
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What about your parents?
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Really sad but they were
just fellow prisoners to me,
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I didn't have any sense of family.
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The hardest thing in my whole life is
probably the memory of my mum and my brother.
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But I learned as a child that I'm supposed
to report to the guards at any point
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on my own parents, you know, report
if they're doing anything wrong.
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And the more I report on them,
the better off it is for me.
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So I thought they were
escaping and I reported on them.
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I really had no anticipation or
thoughts of what would come from that.
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There were many people
gathered and my father and
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I were forced to watch their execution.
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But honestly I really had no emotion.
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- When it happened?
- When it happened.
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In a way I thought it must have
been a sin that maybe they...
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deserved.
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Later Shin recalls meeting
a fellow prisoner named Park,
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a man who traveled throughout
North Korea and China.
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He intoxicated Shin with descriptions
of life lived freely and life with food.
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He sparked a lot of curiosity
with the things he said.
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But the thing that was most fascinating
was the way he was able to express
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and explain the foods he ate, like pork,
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the way he would describe it was so
interesting and it just pulled me in.
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Some might consider it
kind of foolish or humorous
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but for me it was
something as simple as food.
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It was that simple thought
that kind of drove me initially.
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To run?
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In 2005, January 2nd we were
tasked to work near the fence.
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I had actually been the one to initially
say, maybe this is the time we should try.
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According to Shin, when they made their
break, Park arrived at the fence first.
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But he accidentally
touched the electric wire.
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Only Shin made it through alive.
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I really had no idea
what to do or where to go,
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all I knew is that I needed
to get away as far as possible.
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Of course, of course.
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Shin crossed the border into China
and survived by working odd jobs.
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He made his way to Shanghai and from there
gained passage to Seoul in South Korea.
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Shin had freed his body, but he began
to realize his mind was still enslaved.
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You're free.
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How is that feeling?
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The time I come to South Korea,
in the night I don't sleep.
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Nightmare?
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Yeah.
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And because of the nightmares and the
mental distress I couldn't even eat.
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I was diagnosed with severe PTSD.
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And from that point is when I started
having questions in my head about life.
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How long were you in South Korea?
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- About ten years.
- Ten years.
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It's a long time to get acclimated.
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Which brings up you.
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From when I first saw her I liked her
right away and I thought she was pretty.
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And within a few days I asked if she
had a boyfriend and, he's very brave.
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- Very brave.
- Very brave, I must say.
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Marrying Leann and choosing to start a
family was for Shin a decisive break from the
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chains that had bound him for so long.
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It was so hard for me to comprehend and
look at the world around me where parents
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love their children and feed their
children and clothe their children
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and care for them.
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But now that we are expecting our son,
I see how my wife is preparing for it
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and I see that there's a
child growing inside of her
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and I just see the world differently.
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- Well Shin.
- Bye.
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- Thank you so very much.
- Thank you very much, thank you.
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Really appreciate your
coming and doing this.
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I hope to see you again maybe.
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Alright that's a good idea.
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And my darling, thank you.
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Thank you, so nice meeting you.
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Take care of that young'in.
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- Thank you.
- OK, bye-bye. - Bye.
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Shin didn't suddenly feel free,
he had to learn what freedom is.
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Experiencing the joy and challenges of life
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and all the complex
choices you have to make.
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He has made those choices.
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He's got married.
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He has a kid on the way.
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And that, that's what
gives freedom meaning.
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Freedom is a state of mind.
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And this man is living proof of that.
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He found a way to be free, even
though his body was utterly trapped.
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For 43 years.
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I'm headed to Louisiana,
to meet Albert Woodfox.
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He was imprisoned here in Angola State
Penitentiary for most of his life.
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Originally convicted of
armed robbery at age 18,
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he ended up on solitary confinement for
longer than anyone else in American history.
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A-ha.
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- A-ha.
- Mr. Woodfox.
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- Mr. Freeman, welcome to my home.
- Nice to meet you.
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I would expect anyone who spends
four decades in solitary to emerge
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with a broken soul and deadened mind.
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00:12:20,911 --> 00:12:24,074
But Albert appears
healthy and well adjusted.
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I've come to find out how.
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So, what got you in prison?
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I was a predator in my own community.
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You know a petty criminal,
a person of the street.
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I was undisciplined, unmotivated stuff.
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But my crime going to prison
was an armed robbery charge.
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And did you go straight to
Angola when you were convicted?
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No I actually escaped the very
day I was sentenced to 50 years.
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Ok, alright, you escaped, you
were out for a little while?
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- Well I went to New York.
- You went to New York?
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It was a defining moment in
my life because while in Harlem
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I had an up close encounter
with the Black Panther Party.
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♪ Revolution has come ♪
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I had always noticed a certain
fear in African-Americans,
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even those who defied the odds
and achieved certain goals in life.
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For the first time in my
life where I seen black people
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and I didn't see that fear,
I didn't feel that fear.
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Talking about revolution and organizing
the black community to protect the people.
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Some of the sisters.
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And although they possessed outward
beauty, it was the inner beauty that I was
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seeing, it was the strength and
determination and the sense of purpose.
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I was profoundly shocked
when I realized that hey,
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I am worth something, I do matter.
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I actually joined the Black Panther Party.
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OK.
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But I got arrested again and I was
eventually extradited back to Louisiana
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and after that they
shipped me to Angola in 71.
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But it was an incident a year
after his arrival at Angola
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that would change the
course of Albert's life.
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A prison guard was found murdered.
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April 17th 1972 they found a
correction officer named Brent Miller
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murdered in one of the units.
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Each unit has four dormitories
and I was in the very last unit.
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Even though Albert's unit was
nowhere near the scene of the crime,
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prison authorities
accused him of the murder.
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Did they ever find out who did it?
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Well they could of, they had a bloody,
identifiable bloody fingerprint on the door.
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They had the fingerprint of every
prisoner in the Angola at that time.
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They could have found out
who that fingerprint was from.
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Albert believes he and two
other inmates were framed because
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of their affiliation
with the Black Panthers.
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They labeled me a militant.
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During that time a militant
meant you was a Panther.
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I was placed in solitary confinement.
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April 18th 1972 and I didn't
get out of solitary confinement
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until February 19th 2016.
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Albert and the other two inmates each
spent decades in solitary confinement.
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They became known as the Angola 3.
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Human rights groups around the world
declared their punishment cruel and inhumane.
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Why this room is a little bigger than
the cell but it give you some idea
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00:15:47,791 --> 00:15:53,258
of the size of the cell we
lived in in solitary confinement.
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The cell is approximately you know,
nine feet long and six feet wide.
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- This is the length of it?
- Yes. - Good Lord.
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So you have a very narrow path that
you can walk up and down and sit.
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How much time you spend in this place?
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- A 23 hours out of the day.
- 23 hours every day. - Every day.
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- Seven days a week.
- Seven days a week, 365 days of the year.
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00:16:28,342 --> 00:16:32,413
It was a living nightmare, filled
with one horror after another.
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That's the only way I can describe prison.
224
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The strip search, now that it one
of the most humiliating experiences
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you can go through.
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00:16:43,029 --> 00:16:46,932
And you have to stand before these
people and strip completely naked.
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00:16:47,018 --> 00:16:51,687
And you have to you know, raise
your genitals and you open your mouth
228
00:16:51,724 --> 00:16:56,952
and you know this is what they used to
do to our ancestors on the slave block.
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00:16:57,616 --> 00:17:00,282
And so we started resisting
you know, we wouldn't do it.
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00:17:00,319 --> 00:17:04,480
You know they would tell you strip
and you refuse and they'd beat you
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00:17:04,569 --> 00:17:06,744
and tear your clothes off you and stuff.
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Slam you down on the desk.
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I don't know how many times I got beat.
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00:17:11,497 --> 00:17:15,284
Albert's physical world was
incredibly small and oppressive
235
00:17:15,511 --> 00:17:19,158
but he refused to let his cage confine him.
236
00:17:20,651 --> 00:17:25,083
That would seem to close the mind Albert.
237
00:17:25,307 --> 00:17:27,241
Didn't close yours.
238
00:17:27,352 --> 00:17:30,472
I never thought about being in the cell.
239
00:17:30,574 --> 00:17:35,405
My mind and emotions and all that
were beyond the confines of that cell.
240
00:17:36,264 --> 00:17:41,495
I said that if me dying in solitary
confinement become a better human being and
241
00:17:41,578 --> 00:17:45,229
to make those around me
better, it would be worth it.
242
00:17:45,940 --> 00:17:49,243
I started to try to raise the level
of consciousness of other prisoners
243
00:17:49,280 --> 00:17:51,119
in the dormitory I lived in.
244
00:17:51,155 --> 00:17:57,981
Educate, agitate, organize against
prison corruption, prison brutality.
245
00:17:58,057 --> 00:18:02,472
Albert had freed his mind even
though his body remained confined.
246
00:18:02,986 --> 00:18:08,976
We are deeply disappointed that Mr.
Woodfox will not be released today.
247
00:18:09,384 --> 00:18:12,483
Twice Albert has his conviction overturned.
248
00:18:12,568 --> 00:18:15,938
Twice more the state imposed new charges.
249
00:18:16,719 --> 00:18:21,066
Finally government officials offered
to release Albert if he pleaded
250
00:18:21,134 --> 00:18:23,963
"no contest" to lesser charges.
251
00:18:25,056 --> 00:18:31,155
On his 69th birthday, after 43
years and ten months in solitary,
252
00:18:31,244 --> 00:18:36,004
Albert Woodfox became the last
of the Angola 3 to be released.
253
00:18:36,629 --> 00:18:40,737
Albert's body finally
followed his mind to freedom.
254
00:18:43,611 --> 00:18:48,322
He's finally reunited with
his family and he gets to enjoy
255
00:18:48,390 --> 00:18:50,470
being a great grandfather.
256
00:18:50,520 --> 00:18:53,384
He's also an advocate for prisoners rights.
257
00:18:55,074 --> 00:19:00,366
You were amazed at people who
were black but not afraid and
258
00:19:00,441 --> 00:19:07,205
I think part of your freedom, while
incarcerated, is freedom from fear.
259
00:19:07,247 --> 00:19:09,974
Because if you had been afraid
you wouldn't have done any of that.
260
00:19:10,412 --> 00:19:12,975
No I don't think I could.
261
00:19:13,091 --> 00:19:20,130
Every time you know, I had to take
a stand and knowing that there would
262
00:19:20,167 --> 00:19:25,173
be some retribution, you know
but still overcoming fear,
263
00:19:25,230 --> 00:19:27,889
finding the strength to say,
264
00:19:28,726 --> 00:19:30,787
I'm still, I still got to do this.
265
00:19:30,831 --> 00:19:32,464
I have to do this.
266
00:19:32,541 --> 00:19:37,174
That spells
C-O-U-R-A-G-E.
267
00:19:38,036 --> 00:19:39,265
Thank you.
268
00:19:43,299 --> 00:19:48,085
Albert Woodfox had four
decades in solitary confinement
269
00:19:48,136 --> 00:19:49,978
to think about freedom.
270
00:19:50,058 --> 00:19:54,982
In prison he learned to cast off
the chains that bound him physically
271
00:19:55,081 --> 00:19:57,098
and found that inner freedom.
272
00:19:57,157 --> 00:20:03,927
Nelson Mandela said, "To be free is
not merely to cast off ones chains,
273
00:20:04,553 --> 00:20:09,921
but to live in a way that respects
and enhances the freedom of others."
274
00:20:11,547 --> 00:20:14,148
Something we must all strive for.
275
00:20:20,614 --> 00:20:25,397
Life without the concept of freedom
seems alien to most of us today.
276
00:20:26,442 --> 00:20:32,144
For most of recorded history, freedom
was the domain of only a select few.
277
00:20:32,392 --> 00:20:36,101
Royalty, nobility and the wealthy.
278
00:20:36,869 --> 00:20:43,649
But in 1776, 13 British colonies in
North America dared to declare freedom
279
00:20:43,717 --> 00:20:45,602
as a basic human right.
280
00:20:50,848 --> 00:20:55,000
I'm headed to the American
Philosophical Society in Philadelphia
281
00:20:55,092 --> 00:20:58,627
to meet with its librarian Patrick Spero.
282
00:20:59,055 --> 00:21:03,521
He studies documents dating back to
the time of the country's founding.
283
00:21:08,027 --> 00:21:11,897
What you're looking at here is
one of the first printings of
284
00:21:11,934 --> 00:21:13,629
the Declaration of Independence.
285
00:21:13,665 --> 00:21:15,746
The first section is the preamble.
286
00:21:15,783 --> 00:21:19,537
And this is where they talk about life,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
287
00:21:19,694 --> 00:21:23,569
And the idea is that individuals
should be free to do these things
288
00:21:23,655 --> 00:21:26,206
and government is constituted
to protect those freedoms.
289
00:21:26,262 --> 00:21:27,539
These freedoms.
290
00:21:27,602 --> 00:21:30,796
And what the king has done
is broken that contract,
291
00:21:30,867 --> 00:21:33,933
broken that trust and so
they have to be freed from
292
00:21:33,969 --> 00:21:37,905
the king in order to be
free to do what they want.
293
00:21:37,981 --> 00:21:42,845
Now can you say taht this was the first
time a group of people decided that they
294
00:21:42,882 --> 00:21:46,395
wanted to be free to do whatever
the heck they wanted to do?
295
00:21:47,161 --> 00:21:52,382
Well I think it's the first time that
it was ever written in a official way.
296
00:21:54,353 --> 00:21:59,774
But this is not the only version of the
Declaration of Independence that survives.
297
00:22:00,469 --> 00:22:02,831
The other document that
I wanna show you is this,
298
00:22:02,871 --> 00:22:06,209
Thomas Jefferson's draft of
the Declaration of Independence
299
00:22:06,282 --> 00:22:08,291
and you can see on the
side there's these notes.
300
00:22:08,347 --> 00:22:08,862
Yep.
301
00:22:08,931 --> 00:22:11,329
Once Congress got their hands on
this they started changing words,
302
00:22:11,394 --> 00:22:12,551
changing meanings.
303
00:22:12,630 --> 00:22:16,857
I think the most notable one is in that
famous phrase, that people were endowed with
304
00:22:16,905 --> 00:22:20,991
certain unalienable rights,
Jefferson originally wrote
305
00:22:21,056 --> 00:22:24,090
"inherent and inalienable rights".
306
00:22:24,168 --> 00:22:27,364
Inherent rights, which
Jefferson used several times,
307
00:22:27,475 --> 00:22:28,842
means that all people are born with the...
308
00:22:28,879 --> 00:22:31,299
Born with these rights.
309
00:22:32,534 --> 00:22:39,791
OK, so if they rights are not inherent,
then you're not necessarily born with them,
310
00:22:39,884 --> 00:22:42,070
only a few people are born with them.
311
00:22:42,140 --> 00:22:45,438
And they're applied only to white society.
312
00:22:45,499 --> 00:22:47,746
- White male society?
- Yes, yes.
313
00:22:53,204 --> 00:22:56,732
It never occurred to me that
the rights to freedom spelled out
314
00:22:56,795 --> 00:22:59,482
in the Declaration of
Independence were deliberately
315
00:22:59,518 --> 00:23:03,642
phrased to exclude slaves and women.
316
00:23:04,448 --> 00:23:07,790
Thomas Jefferson's original
draft, preserved here in the
317
00:23:07,861 --> 00:23:13,059
American Philosophical Society,
describes the rights as inherent,
318
00:23:13,128 --> 00:23:16,646
meaning they should apply
to everybody from birth.
319
00:23:16,711 --> 00:23:23,710
But the final signed version only
describes certain unalienable rights.
320
00:23:24,500 --> 00:23:31,607
In other words, only rights land owning
white men already had, couldn't be taken away.
321
00:23:31,913 --> 00:23:38,490
The Declaration of Independence, it
says that all men are created equal,
322
00:23:38,527 --> 00:23:39,829
that's not what it meant?
323
00:23:39,892 --> 00:23:45,093
They aren't writing for the enslaved,
they aren't writing for women.
324
00:23:45,199 --> 00:23:49,700
The thing is about this document, is
that slavery existed in this period,
325
00:23:49,764 --> 00:23:53,319
but the word is never used and they are
purposeful about not using it because
326
00:23:53,396 --> 00:23:58,204
they know that it does not
comport with the idea of liberty,
327
00:23:58,244 --> 00:24:00,692
that there's that
contradiction, that paradox.
328
00:24:00,756 --> 00:24:05,053
Is it safe to say that
Jefferson was probably one of our
329
00:24:05,124 --> 00:24:09,861
most enigmatic presidents?
330
00:24:09,916 --> 00:24:10,793
Yes.
331
00:24:10,840 --> 00:24:15,037
Well you know, the thing is
Jefferson was imperfect you know.
332
00:24:15,101 --> 00:24:21,064
Jefferson had slaves, Jefferson's
imperfections got at the American paradox.
333
00:24:21,646 --> 00:24:25,848
Ok, so the Declaration of Independence
334
00:24:25,912 --> 00:24:30,820
is not a document guaranteeing freedom?
335
00:24:31,188 --> 00:24:34,393
Yes, I think that's fair.
336
00:24:34,469 --> 00:24:39,558
But once you put that writing in stone,
it empowered people, it inspired people.
337
00:24:39,645 --> 00:24:43,016
It drove them to realize
what those words meant.
338
00:24:43,093 --> 00:24:44,030
Could mean.
339
00:24:44,099 --> 00:24:47,870
Well it took a lot of fighting and
effort, heroic actions, bravery,
340
00:24:48,084 --> 00:24:52,187
people willing to risk their lives to
realize the promise of the Declaration.
341
00:24:55,969 --> 00:25:01,326
The Declaration of Independence was not
designed to free everyone in America.
342
00:25:01,419 --> 00:25:06,874
Its original purpose was to free
powerful American landowners from any
343
00:25:06,911 --> 00:25:09,309
obligations to the King of England.
344
00:25:10,196 --> 00:25:15,239
But, once those white men
had signed that document,
345
00:25:15,840 --> 00:25:21,926
they unwittingly opened the road to
freedom for the rest of us to walk along.
346
00:25:27,850 --> 00:25:30,841
Freedom doesn't come without a fight.
347
00:25:33,349 --> 00:25:37,486
What American revolutionaries
fought for over two centuries ago,
348
00:25:37,566 --> 00:25:41,502
other revolutionaries
continue to battle for today.
349
00:25:44,511 --> 00:25:49,091
I've come to Guatemala to meet
freedom fighter and Nobel Peace Prize
350
00:25:49,136 --> 00:25:51,761
winner Rigoberta Menchu.
351
00:25:52,274 --> 00:25:57,182
A Guatemalan Indian rights activist
who fled her country in 1981
352
00:25:57,218 --> 00:25:59,923
after security forces killed her family.
353
00:26:06,414 --> 00:26:09,868
She has dedicated her life
to securing a better future
354
00:26:09,915 --> 00:26:12,719
for the indigenous peoples of her country.
355
00:26:25,082 --> 00:26:26,493
Hello, hello, hello.
356
00:26:27,099 --> 00:26:29,010
Senor Freeman.
357
00:26:38,288 --> 00:26:43,071
Rigoberta belongs to the K'iche
one of over 20 indigenous groups of
358
00:26:43,108 --> 00:26:47,869
Mayan descent which make up about
half of Guatemala's population.
359
00:26:50,558 --> 00:26:54,353
For centuries the Mayan were denied
voting rights and land ownership
360
00:26:54,444 --> 00:26:57,225
and were forced to labor on plantations.
361
00:27:00,633 --> 00:27:05,093
Some of the worst oppression came
during the 36 year Guatemalan Civil War.
362
00:27:06,472 --> 00:27:12,001
When tens of thousands of Maya were
kidnapped, tortured and murdered.
363
00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:18,591
Rigoberta gave voice to the plight of her
people with an oral testimony that would
364
00:27:18,655 --> 00:27:23,236
become her book I, Rigoberta Menchu.
365
00:27:23,302 --> 00:27:25,057
Your book seemed to make quite an impact,
366
00:27:25,094 --> 00:27:26,669
why do you think that is?
367
00:27:30,688 --> 00:27:33,584
I was the first Guatemalan
that was able to talk about
368
00:27:33,646 --> 00:27:35,998
what was happening here in Guatemala.
369
00:27:37,930 --> 00:27:40,869
I think Guatemala was a
laboratory for cruelty.
370
00:27:42,134 --> 00:27:45,876
Here they practiced torture, they
practiced forced disappearance and they
371
00:27:45,913 --> 00:27:48,419
practiced brutal hatred against the Mayans.
372
00:27:50,981 --> 00:27:56,699
Rigoberta's father began organizing rural
workers and fighting for indigenous rights
373
00:27:56,786 --> 00:28:01,845
but he drew the attention of the regime
which was vent on rooting out guerrillas.
374
00:28:04,431 --> 00:28:07,466
The war reached my home in 1979.
375
00:28:09,949 --> 00:28:11,912
My brother was kidnapped.
376
00:28:12,537 --> 00:28:14,063
He was 16 years old.
377
00:28:17,846 --> 00:28:22,279
And then he was tortured and
then he was shot to death.
378
00:28:26,910 --> 00:28:32,249
On January 31st 1980, Rigoberta's father
joined a group of activists occupying
379
00:28:32,330 --> 00:28:34,907
the Spanish embassy in Guatemala City.
380
00:28:39,437 --> 00:28:44,705
They were protesting massacres and
kidnappings taking place in the countryside.
381
00:28:46,565 --> 00:28:51,139
The authorities ordered a raid
but then the embassy caught fire
382
00:28:51,206 --> 00:28:53,743
and police blocked the exits.
383
00:28:54,931 --> 00:28:57,154
He was in the embassy, on fire?
384
00:28:59,201 --> 00:29:00,136
Si.
385
00:29:11,218 --> 00:29:15,067
Three months after the death of
my father my mother was kidnapped.
386
00:29:18,040 --> 00:29:20,631
And she suffered the worst of the torture.
387
00:29:23,919 --> 00:29:27,807
And then another one of my
brothers had been shot to death.
388
00:29:27,901 --> 00:29:34,172
Your father, your mother,
two brothers, killed.
389
00:29:34,822 --> 00:29:35,971
Si.
390
00:29:36,041 --> 00:29:37,477
They never caught up with you?
391
00:29:39,601 --> 00:29:42,839
The Sisters of the Sacred Family
brought me to Guatemala City.
392
00:29:45,724 --> 00:29:49,341
They were able to get me out, hide
me with religious orders in Mexico.
393
00:29:49,395 --> 00:29:54,688
- How long were you there?
- For 14 years. - 14 years in Mexico?
394
00:29:58,833 --> 00:30:02,449
So I made a promise to fight against
impunity for the rest of my life.
395
00:30:04,946 --> 00:30:07,844
And I became a spokesperson for Guatemala.
396
00:30:09,165 --> 00:30:14,109
Rigoberta traveled around the world spreading
the story of the Maya's quest for freedom.
397
00:30:14,508 --> 00:30:17,064
She addressed the United Nations.
398
00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:21,957
In 1992 she won the Nobel Peace Price.
399
00:30:23,703 --> 00:30:27,796
Her tireless work brought international
pressure on Guatemala's government and
400
00:30:27,887 --> 00:30:29,933
helped lead the way to peace.
401
00:30:31,419 --> 00:30:36,835
In Guatemala, just as in the
civil rights movement in the US,
402
00:30:36,919 --> 00:30:42,371
some people chose to fight for freedom
with the sword, while others chose the pen.
403
00:30:43,268 --> 00:30:47,151
It is those who chose the
path of peace I believe,
404
00:30:47,251 --> 00:30:49,742
who lay the foundation for real change.
405
00:30:53,595 --> 00:30:57,190
If freedom is ever going to
become a universal human right,
406
00:30:57,248 --> 00:31:01,509
it needs people willing to champion
it no matter what the danger.
407
00:31:02,229 --> 00:31:07,789
I'm headed to New York to meet a woman
who is fearless in her march for freedom.
408
00:31:10,887 --> 00:31:16,958
Nadya Tolokonnikova is a
founding member of Pussy Riot,
409
00:31:17,012 --> 00:31:19,636
a Russian protest rock band.
410
00:31:21,855 --> 00:31:27,557
In 2012 Pussy Riot staged a flash
concert inside a Moscow cathedral.
411
00:31:29,261 --> 00:31:33,178
Their aim was to draw attention
to what they saw as suppression
412
00:31:33,215 --> 00:31:37,605
of democratic freedoms by
Russian President Vladimir Putin
413
00:31:37,730 --> 00:31:40,695
with the collusion of the Russian church.
414
00:31:43,013 --> 00:31:46,978
Nadya's musical protest
cost her 22 months in prison.
415
00:31:47,867 --> 00:31:51,504
She's free now, living in New York.
416
00:31:52,662 --> 00:31:56,294
And she refuses to be cowed into silence.
417
00:31:59,355 --> 00:32:04,282
Now the name Pussy Riot, very
outgoing and daring and ear catching,
418
00:32:04,333 --> 00:32:06,069
get peoples attention.
419
00:32:06,154 --> 00:32:07,643
How many of you started this?
420
00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:09,553
Me and my friend Kat.
421
00:32:09,633 --> 00:32:13,835
But we have open membership 'cause
the idea was to start a movement
422
00:32:13,916 --> 00:32:15,426
and so everybody could join.
423
00:32:15,504 --> 00:32:18,398
Your group, the reason you got arrested,
424
00:32:18,466 --> 00:32:23,274
was you did this raunchy
performance in a church.
425
00:32:23,341 --> 00:32:24,178
Mm-hm.
426
00:32:24,230 --> 00:32:28,040
Why did you do that, was it because
you knew you would get arrested and
427
00:32:28,125 --> 00:32:29,964
draw a lot of attention or?
428
00:32:30,032 --> 00:32:35,380
I was just really angry because I
woke up one morning and they told us,
429
00:32:35,455 --> 00:32:38,968
everybody in my country that
Vladimir Putin was next president.
430
00:32:39,059 --> 00:32:42,460
So five months before the
elections they just announced it.
431
00:32:42,515 --> 00:32:44,200
And I was confused.
432
00:32:44,270 --> 00:32:46,480
I didn't really like it.
433
00:32:53,489 --> 00:32:55,449
You went to jail.
434
00:32:57,744 --> 00:32:59,171
What was that like?
435
00:32:59,273 --> 00:33:04,496
It made me more stubborn, I was stubborn
before but they made me more, focused.
436
00:33:05,595 --> 00:33:09,863
If you're able to find inspiration
in everything, then you could find
437
00:33:09,925 --> 00:33:11,764
inspiration in jail too.
438
00:33:12,474 --> 00:33:16,002
But it doesn't change the fact
that we don't have any medication,
439
00:33:16,117 --> 00:33:18,163
the conditions are terrible.
440
00:33:18,625 --> 00:33:22,653
I was approached by a lot of women in
my camp and they told me, like look,
441
00:33:22,690 --> 00:33:25,544
you're the, the one person
who could a actually help us.
442
00:33:26,177 --> 00:33:30,973
You have media and you have lawyers
and you have a voice so just tell
443
00:33:31,032 --> 00:33:32,703
what's going on in this prison.
444
00:33:34,003 --> 00:33:37,124
Nadya now had another
oppressor of freedom to target.
445
00:33:37,855 --> 00:33:39,878
Russian prison authorities.
446
00:33:40,982 --> 00:33:45,720
She staged multiple hunger strikes
and drafted letters of protest.
447
00:33:46,112 --> 00:33:50,165
So I was writing these papers to all
these different prison officials about
448
00:33:50,202 --> 00:33:51,387
what I want from them.
449
00:33:51,424 --> 00:33:55,279
I want them improve the food, I
wanted them to improve our conditions.
450
00:33:55,316 --> 00:33:58,548
Well I mean make enough noise, it
would seem to me that they would
451
00:33:58,631 --> 00:34:01,928
want to shut you completely up.
452
00:34:02,018 --> 00:34:08,249
Stick a needle in your neck and you
die, you were never worried about that?
453
00:34:08,979 --> 00:34:11,782
It could happen yeah, it could happen.
454
00:34:16,853 --> 00:34:19,958
Even while she was locked
in a Russian prison,
455
00:34:20,025 --> 00:34:23,616
Nadya Tolokonnikova
remained a freedom fighter,
456
00:34:23,980 --> 00:34:26,890
battling for basic
human rights for inmates.
457
00:34:27,999 --> 00:34:31,622
So I wrote an open letter and then
somehow sneaked through this open
458
00:34:31,658 --> 00:34:36,645
letter and they passed it to the free
world, and it's all over the world,
459
00:34:36,736 --> 00:34:38,820
it's in the biggest Russian
media and it's in the Guardian
460
00:34:38,885 --> 00:34:41,101
and the Times and it's everywhere.
461
00:34:41,220 --> 00:34:45,236
I did achieve something 'cause
several guys who were in,
462
00:34:45,343 --> 00:34:48,515
my prison officials they
were fired from their jobs.
463
00:34:49,251 --> 00:34:52,194
What do you hope to do ultimately?
464
00:34:52,335 --> 00:34:55,565
I think I'm just trying to build
this community all around the world.
465
00:34:56,101 --> 00:35:00,295
You could, you can create some
wave of inspiration of or energy...
466
00:35:00,362 --> 00:35:01,681
Oh yeah, yeah, yeah of course.
467
00:35:01,740 --> 00:35:02,640
Inspire some other people.
468
00:35:02,716 --> 00:35:06,554
If you can inspire five people around you
that's enough 'cause if that five people
469
00:35:06,622 --> 00:35:09,490
inspire somebody else and
then, then it just will grow.
470
00:35:10,842 --> 00:35:15,265
I think fame is a process, it is not an
idea it is just this process of exploring
471
00:35:15,330 --> 00:35:18,741
you know yourself and a
your existence in the world.
472
00:35:22,075 --> 00:35:25,687
♪ Would you have freedom
from wage slavery? ♪
473
00:35:25,780 --> 00:35:29,510
♪ Then join in the
grand Industrial band. ♪
474
00:35:29,862 --> 00:35:33,437
♪ Would you from misery
and hunger be free ♪
475
00:35:33,474 --> 00:35:36,612
♪ Then come, do your
share, like a man. ♪♪
476
00:35:36,684 --> 00:35:40,876
Nadya fights for freedom wherever
she sees people without it.
477
00:35:41,526 --> 00:35:47,538
In Russia she fought for democratic rights,
in prison she fought for human rights.
478
00:35:47,596 --> 00:35:49,434
♪ There is power, there is power, ♪
479
00:35:49,470 --> 00:35:51,224
♪ In a band of working man. ♪
480
00:35:51,261 --> 00:35:54,991
♪ When they stand, hand in hand. ♪
481
00:35:55,062 --> 00:35:56,483
♪ That's a power,
that's a power... ♪♪
482
00:35:56,520 --> 00:36:01,345
In America she's singing an early
20th century workers rights tune
483
00:36:01,454 --> 00:36:06,768
reflecting one of her new fights,
the freedom to join labor unions.
484
00:36:06,805 --> 00:36:10,424
♪ One industrial union grand. ♪
485
00:36:12,751 --> 00:36:19,651
Freedom may be an eternal principle, but
in reality freedom will wither and die
486
00:36:19,688 --> 00:36:26,842
unless people like Nadya fight
for it, rejuvenate it, nourish it.
487
00:36:27,123 --> 00:36:28,998
♪ Hand in hand. ♪
488
00:36:29,051 --> 00:36:30,720
♪ That's a power that's a power. ♪
489
00:36:30,757 --> 00:36:32,757
♪ That must true in every land. ♪
490
00:36:32,818 --> 00:36:36,772
♪ One industrial union grand. ♪♪
491
00:36:39,774 --> 00:36:43,335
Most freedom fighters struggle
against outside oppressors.
492
00:36:43,709 --> 00:36:47,980
Kings, governments, or prison guards.
493
00:36:51,441 --> 00:36:53,626
But there's another form of freedom.
494
00:36:54,942 --> 00:37:02,139
The freedom to be and to be
seen as who we really are.
495
00:37:03,993 --> 00:37:06,001
I'm meeting Victoria Khan,
496
00:37:06,198 --> 00:37:10,413
a woman who has fought for freedom
in every aspect of her life.
497
00:37:11,458 --> 00:37:15,756
She grew up in Afghanistan during
the tumult of the early 90s.
498
00:37:15,969 --> 00:37:20,044
The Taliban were gaining a
foothold but were being fought by
499
00:37:20,081 --> 00:37:24,174
homegrown rebel groups
led by Ahmad Shah Massoud.
500
00:37:32,736 --> 00:37:34,847
You have quite a story to tell me.
501
00:37:34,972 --> 00:37:37,696
Start way back and tell me.
502
00:37:37,733 --> 00:37:42,404
I was born in Afghanistan
and my parents were working
503
00:37:42,479 --> 00:37:44,558
for Ahmad Shah Massoud.
504
00:37:44,635 --> 00:37:49,550
My mum and dad adored me of
course and I have a little sister.
505
00:37:49,631 --> 00:37:53,419
The civil war breaks out somewhere when
you were around six or seven yeas old.
506
00:37:54,133 --> 00:37:57,105
So one night there's something
you can feel there's loud
507
00:37:57,205 --> 00:37:59,625
and screaming and gun shots.
508
00:38:03,147 --> 00:38:06,012
And everyone's home had hidden areas.
509
00:38:07,500 --> 00:38:10,685
And my mum and dad they
put us, both of us in there.
510
00:38:11,428 --> 00:38:16,233
I remember my mum saying, don't you
come out until everything is quiet.
511
00:38:17,550 --> 00:38:21,399
Then they kiss us, they said take
care of your sister and that was it.
512
00:38:28,565 --> 00:38:31,546
Can you tell me what
happened when you came up?
513
00:38:38,874 --> 00:38:44,862
The street was full of dead bodies, blood.
514
00:38:45,943 --> 00:38:48,652
It's impossible to recognize whose who.
515
00:38:54,889 --> 00:39:00,954
Not only they shot people, they chopped
off heads, chopped off body parts.
516
00:39:01,430 --> 00:39:03,749
- Did you find your parents?
- No.
517
00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:12,542
After your parents were killed, all the
children were taken by Mullahs and these
518
00:39:12,613 --> 00:39:17,520
imams and Mullahs would pick
out I'll take him, her, him, her.
519
00:39:17,574 --> 00:39:18,973
How did that go?
520
00:39:19,041 --> 00:39:24,119
I did that for I would say maybe
four or five months until I saw these
521
00:39:24,227 --> 00:39:26,807
imam on top of my sister...
522
00:39:28,799 --> 00:39:33,268
molesting her and she was
five and a half years old.
523
00:39:33,358 --> 00:39:37,832
So when he went to prayer room, ran into
the house, grabbed my sister and I put
524
00:39:37,868 --> 00:39:41,791
her on me because she couldn't
even walk, she was bleeding and...
525
00:39:45,456 --> 00:39:50,480
I carried her on my back maybe a
few miles until we found a women
526
00:39:50,530 --> 00:39:52,643
who was sitting outside her home.
527
00:39:52,705 --> 00:39:57,165
She took us in and gave us
some dry bread and water.
528
00:39:58,590 --> 00:40:01,898
But then she told us she's gonna
take us to some very safe place.
529
00:40:02,718 --> 00:40:05,274
It was a Wahabi camp for children.
530
00:40:07,241 --> 00:40:12,250
Where they start telling you
how to become a suicide bomber,
531
00:40:12,334 --> 00:40:15,835
but they're not gonna just up front
coming up and say we're gonna train you
532
00:40:15,912 --> 00:40:17,662
to become a suicide bomber.
533
00:40:20,955 --> 00:40:24,808
You're wanting to be because they say
you're gonna meet your mum and dad.
534
00:40:24,862 --> 00:40:27,985
And we really, really
wanted to see our parents.
535
00:40:30,064 --> 00:40:33,538
Just as Victoria believed she was
about to be shipped to Pakistan
536
00:40:33,575 --> 00:40:39,133
for more jihadi training, the
rebel leader Ahmad Shah Massoud
537
00:40:40,298 --> 00:40:42,430
attacked the Wahabi camp.
538
00:40:44,068 --> 00:40:50,739
Ahmad Shah Massoud and maybe 40, 50 fighters
comes in the horses with their weapons.
539
00:40:53,862 --> 00:40:56,216
Oh my god this person gonna save me.
540
00:40:57,018 --> 00:41:03,563
Ahmad Shah Massoud kills every single one of
these people who are torturing these children,
541
00:41:03,824 --> 00:41:08,243
so he rescues every one
of us, 5-600 children.
542
00:41:10,949 --> 00:41:13,182
That's Ahmad Shah Massoud.
543
00:41:13,274 --> 00:41:18,389
He was not just a leader of our
country he was a spiritual leader.
544
00:41:18,523 --> 00:41:21,829
- Savior.
- Savior, that's the word I was looking for.
545
00:41:22,940 --> 00:41:25,903
After Victoria and her
sister were liberated,
546
00:41:26,496 --> 00:41:29,598
a woman offered them safe
passage to Tajikistan.
547
00:41:30,613 --> 00:41:34,856
So you got this woman she's
taking you now to Tajikistan.
548
00:41:34,893 --> 00:41:36,613
Yes, we're crossing a border.
549
00:41:36,721 --> 00:41:40,757
I'm crying, I said I don't want
to be separated from my sister,
550
00:41:40,831 --> 00:41:44,839
I wanna wear a Burkah so
nobody sees me as a boy.
551
00:41:44,923 --> 00:41:49,468
- Wait, wait, wait, you were not a girl.
- I was in a boy body.
552
00:41:49,556 --> 00:41:50,745
You were born a boy.
553
00:41:50,818 --> 00:41:56,836
I looked skinny little version boy
physically, and beautiful girl inside.
554
00:42:01,412 --> 00:42:04,476
Many people today fight for the
freedom to live as their minds
555
00:42:04,513 --> 00:42:06,628
and spirits compel them to.
556
00:42:14,887 --> 00:42:19,076
But Victoria Khan's struggle to
free her true self was coupled with
557
00:42:19,113 --> 00:42:21,760
a long battle to stay alive.
558
00:42:22,629 --> 00:42:27,926
As a transgender woman, she grew up
in Afghanistan being seen as a boy.
559
00:42:29,015 --> 00:42:33,582
But while crossing the border in
Tajikistan with her younger sister,
560
00:42:34,307 --> 00:42:37,581
Victoria wanted to make
sure they were not separated.
561
00:42:38,607 --> 00:42:40,958
So she put on a Burkah.
562
00:42:42,051 --> 00:42:46,613
The Burkah was that lightening
stroke, that says yes.
563
00:42:46,951 --> 00:42:53,547
When I put it on the first time that
I felt what freedom really meant.
564
00:42:53,897 --> 00:42:59,674
It felt so right, first time I felt
like, like the wings I had in my back,
565
00:42:59,734 --> 00:43:01,380
that I could fly.
566
00:43:01,416 --> 00:43:06,620
Now I get the taste of
that, now I cannot forget it
567
00:43:06,657 --> 00:43:09,456
and I cannot give up
never having it either.
568
00:43:10,167 --> 00:43:15,489
Victoria spent the next few years
making her way from Tajikistan to Europe
569
00:43:15,575 --> 00:43:17,964
where her sister now lives.
570
00:43:18,739 --> 00:43:22,210
Eventually Victoria made it to the U.S.
571
00:43:22,746 --> 00:43:26,422
She had freed herself from the
mortal dangers of her childhood,
572
00:43:26,938 --> 00:43:29,153
but she still wasn't free.
573
00:43:29,418 --> 00:43:32,726
Here you are in the United
States where we're free.
574
00:43:32,956 --> 00:43:35,621
You can do pretty much whatever you want.
575
00:43:36,144 --> 00:43:37,269
Do you feel free?
576
00:43:37,306 --> 00:43:39,979
I was yearning for that feminine feeling.
577
00:43:40,047 --> 00:43:45,022
Remember when I put the Burkah on it
made me feel free but I thought putting
578
00:43:45,059 --> 00:43:50,884
this western skirt and the
head bands on it will make also
579
00:43:50,921 --> 00:43:53,316
again feels the same powerful feelings,
580
00:43:53,353 --> 00:43:57,566
but I had a little bump on that
road because closer to the mirror
581
00:43:57,603 --> 00:44:01,685
I got there was a fuzzy
mustache start growing.
582
00:44:02,527 --> 00:44:09,118
That was, terrifying, terrifying
to think that its actually would
583
00:44:09,213 --> 00:44:12,994
become like my fathers
with full face beard.
584
00:44:13,068 --> 00:44:16,098
I was tired of acting as a man.
585
00:44:17,333 --> 00:44:20,161
It was exhausting 24/7.
586
00:44:20,270 --> 00:44:23,275
So first I decided to do my facial.
587
00:44:23,328 --> 00:44:29,501
It took me almost a year and a half to do
electrolysis and lasers and all that is the
588
00:44:29,537 --> 00:44:32,080
most extremely painful thing.
589
00:44:33,118 --> 00:44:37,066
Then why don't I just do the
entire surgery all back to back.
590
00:44:37,758 --> 00:44:41,180
I went to Colombia, had
18 surgeries back to back.
591
00:44:42,500 --> 00:44:49,734
We have a saying about freedom,
it's not just walls and bars.
592
00:44:50,853 --> 00:44:53,947
Sometimes it's just the mind.
593
00:44:55,535 --> 00:44:56,877
You are right.
594
00:44:57,923 --> 00:45:02,778
Being free from anything and
anyone is the best thing we can ever
595
00:45:02,814 --> 00:45:05,029
experience as a human being.
596
00:45:06,067 --> 00:45:12,001
I hope you do all the things you
want to do, you've earned them.
597
00:45:12,735 --> 00:45:14,422
Thank you so much.
598
00:45:16,002 --> 00:45:17,322
Thank you.
599
00:45:20,346 --> 00:45:23,882
Victoria has followed
a long road to freedom.
600
00:45:24,593 --> 00:45:28,146
She was born in a country at civil war.
601
00:45:28,890 --> 00:45:32,325
Survived becoming an orphan.
602
00:45:33,709 --> 00:45:36,876
Escaped becoming a suicide bomber.
603
00:45:38,729 --> 00:45:42,214
But the hardest ordeal was the last.
604
00:45:43,264 --> 00:45:49,103
Having the courage to free
the person she truly is.
605
00:46:01,338 --> 00:46:08,349
Abraham Lincoln said, "Those who deny freedom
to others, deserve it not for themselves."
606
00:46:09,176 --> 00:46:13,561
But the war for universal freedom is
far from won and the battle lines are
607
00:46:13,598 --> 00:46:16,420
only moved forward slowly.
608
00:46:16,469 --> 00:46:19,954
Around the world millions of
people still live in slavery.
609
00:46:20,983 --> 00:46:26,803
Women still struggle to be
granted the same rights as men.
610
00:46:26,929 --> 00:46:32,598
Others just want to be allowed to be
the person they know they are inside.
611
00:46:34,330 --> 00:46:39,204
It's been truly humbling to meet those
people who fought so hard for their freedoms.
612
00:46:40,202 --> 00:46:46,139
Their stories are a shocking
reminder of how vigilant we must be
613
00:46:46,252 --> 00:46:48,371
to protect human rights.
614
00:46:50,115 --> 00:46:54,816
But they also give me a
glimmer of hope that one day,
615
00:46:55,767 --> 00:46:58,580
those rights will apply to all of us.
616
00:46:58,617 --> 00:47:01,117
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