All language subtitles for Quest.For.Atlantis.Lost.Kingdoms.Buried.Treasures.And.Mysterious.Artifacts.2023.720p.WEBRip.x264.AAC-[YTS.MX]

af Afrikaans
ak Akan
sq Albanian
am Amharic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bem Bemba
bh Bihari
br Breton
bg Bulgarian
km Cambodian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
chr Cherokee
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional) Download
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
eo Esperanto
ee Ewe
fo Faroese
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fy Frisian
gaa Ga
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
gn Guarani
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
ia Interlingua
ga Irish
it Italian
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
rw Kinyarwanda
rn Kirundi
kg Kongo
kri Krio (Sierra Leone)
ku Kurdish
ckb Kurdish (Soranรฎ)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Laothian
la Latin
lv Latvian
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
loz Lozi
lg Luganda
ach Luo
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mfe Mauritian Creole
mo Moldavian
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
sr-ME Montenegrin
ne Nepali
pcm Nigerian Pidgin
nso Northern Sotho
no Norwegian
nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
oc Occitan
or Oriya
om Oromo
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pt-BR Portuguese (Brazil) Download
pt Portuguese (Portugal) Download
pa Punjabi
qu Quechua
rm Romansh
nyn Runyakitara
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
sh Serbo-Croatian
st Sesotho
tn Setswana
crs Seychellois Creole
sn Shona
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es-419 Spanish (Latin American) Download
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
tt Tatar
te Telugu
th Thai
ti Tigrinya
to Tonga
lua Tshiluba
tum Tumbuka
tr Turkish
tk Turkmen
tw Twi
ug Uighur
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
wo Wolof
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:41,220 --> 00:00:43,980 The Guanches were the first known inhabitants 4 00:00:43,980 --> 00:00:47,790 of the Cary Islands, of the coast of Northwestern Africa, 5 00:00:47,790 --> 00:00:50,315 but their true origins have long been a mystery 6 00:00:50,315 --> 00:00:52,140 to archeologists. 7 00:00:52,140 --> 00:00:54,240 They were accomplished astronomers 8 00:00:54,240 --> 00:00:57,390 and for some their mummification rituals linked them 9 00:00:57,390 --> 00:00:59,190 to the ancient Egyptians. 10 00:00:59,190 --> 00:01:02,340 Whilst for others their legends suggest they could even be 11 00:01:02,340 --> 00:01:05,460 surviving inhabitants of Atlantis. 12 00:01:05,460 --> 00:01:08,430 New scientific evidence may have found the truth about these 13 00:01:08,430 --> 00:01:09,660 mysterious people. 14 00:01:10,560 --> 00:01:13,595 Recently, archeological excavations revealed 15 00:01:13,595 --> 00:01:17,070 that the inhabitants of the Canary Island traded with Rome 16 00:01:17,070 --> 00:01:20,880 and new DNA evidence has shed some light on the origins 17 00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:21,900 of the population. 18 00:01:23,940 --> 00:01:26,460 The Canary Islands are an autonomous community 19 00:01:26,460 --> 00:01:30,540 of Spain consisting of an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, 20 00:01:30,540 --> 00:01:33,120 southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, 21 00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:36,510 and 76 miles off the coast of Morocco. 22 00:01:36,510 --> 00:01:40,290 The eight main islands are Tenerif flight of Ventura, 23 00:01:40,290 --> 00:01:43,560 grand Canaria, Lanzarote, la Palmer lag 24 00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:46,230 El Hiro and lag. 25 00:01:47,970 --> 00:01:50,100 The Canary Islands are volcanic islands 26 00:01:50,100 --> 00:01:51,510 and are essentially the peaks 27 00:01:51,510 --> 00:01:55,530 of a huge volcanic mountain range now partially submerged. 28 00:01:56,550 --> 00:01:58,590 The first historical record of the islands 29 00:01:58,590 --> 00:02:01,685 so far discovered is from the first century Roman 30 00:02:01,685 --> 00:02:03,930 writer Pliny The Younger. 31 00:02:03,930 --> 00:02:07,530 An expedition to the islands was apparently sent by Dubber 32 00:02:07,530 --> 00:02:10,170 ii, the Roman Klein king of NewMedia 33 00:02:10,170 --> 00:02:13,320 and Mauritania in around 30 BC 34 00:02:13,320 --> 00:02:16,050 under the Roman Catholic Republic and Empire. 35 00:02:16,050 --> 00:02:20,430 NewMedia consisted of a part of Africa north of the Sahara, 36 00:02:20,430 --> 00:02:23,820 corresponding roughly to the modern Western Tunisia 37 00:02:23,820 --> 00:02:25,890 and Eastern Algeria. 38 00:02:25,890 --> 00:02:27,395 It was during this expedition 39 00:02:27,395 --> 00:02:30,090 that the islands got their name of the Canary Islands 40 00:02:30,090 --> 00:02:33,120 because of the multitude of large dogs found there. 41 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:35,310 The Roman word Canis meaning dog. 42 00:02:36,180 --> 00:02:38,975 After the fall of the Roman Empire, we hear nothing 43 00:02:38,975 --> 00:02:41,160 of the islands for hundreds of years until 44 00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:44,100 around a thousand AD where the Arabs landed 45 00:02:44,100 --> 00:02:47,250 and traded with the inhabitants of Grand Canaria. 46 00:02:47,250 --> 00:02:51,990 In 1150 AD the Arab geographer Mohammed Al Idrisi 47 00:02:51,990 --> 00:02:54,630 compiled the first official account of the population 48 00:02:54,630 --> 00:02:57,780 of the islands, which consisted of short descriptions 49 00:02:57,780 --> 00:02:59,770 of sailors and accounts. 50 00:02:59,770 --> 00:03:04,275 At the time, during the 15th and 16th century, Spain 51 00:03:04,275 --> 00:03:06,855 and Portugal began colonizing the Americas 52 00:03:06,855 --> 00:03:09,490 and Africa stopping off at the Canary Islands. 53 00:03:09,490 --> 00:03:12,850 Along the way, when they arrived on the Canary Islands, 54 00:03:12,850 --> 00:03:14,470 they encountered a culture 55 00:03:14,470 --> 00:03:18,430 that resembled the neolithic cultures of prehistoric Europe. 56 00:03:18,430 --> 00:03:19,870 Complete Spanish conquest 57 00:03:19,870 --> 00:03:23,350 of the islands was completed in 1496 58 00:03:23,350 --> 00:03:25,900 and they became a vital Spanish base on sea 59 00:03:25,900 --> 00:03:27,580 roots to the Americas. 60 00:03:27,580 --> 00:03:31,395 As a result of Spanish colonization, the diseases introduced 61 00:03:31,395 --> 00:03:32,980 by the European conquerors 62 00:03:32,980 --> 00:03:35,440 and the slave trade by the native Ches 63 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:38,290 of the island chain were decimated losing 64 00:03:38,290 --> 00:03:39,400 much of their culture. 65 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:42,220 In the process. By the 19th century, 66 00:03:42,220 --> 00:03:45,550 the Canary Islanders had even lost their language as it came 67 00:03:45,550 --> 00:03:47,980 to be replaced by Spanish. 68 00:03:47,980 --> 00:03:50,140 There are still, however, some reminders 69 00:03:50,140 --> 00:03:52,600 of the once thriving culture of the Gans 70 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:53,890 of the Canary Islands. 71 00:03:54,910 --> 00:03:58,810 The Ches, the Ches were the first known inhabitants 72 00:03:58,810 --> 00:04:01,605 of the Canary Islands, the indigenous people. 73 00:04:01,605 --> 00:04:04,930 When the Spanish arrived there in the 15th century, 74 00:04:04,930 --> 00:04:06,730 they lived mainly in natural caves 75 00:04:06,730 --> 00:04:09,220 or occasionally built low stone huts 76 00:04:09,220 --> 00:04:11,620 and small fortifications. 77 00:04:11,620 --> 00:04:13,270 The Ches lived off farming 78 00:04:13,270 --> 00:04:16,840 and herding had a diet which included milk, goat, pork, 79 00:04:16,840 --> 00:04:20,170 and fruits and dressed mainly in goat skin, leather, tunics, 80 00:04:20,170 --> 00:04:22,870 and vests made of plated rushes. 81 00:04:22,870 --> 00:04:24,700 Archeological research suggests 82 00:04:24,700 --> 00:04:27,825 that they were organized in a tribal society ruled 83 00:04:27,825 --> 00:04:29,260 by chieftains or kings. 84 00:04:30,310 --> 00:04:32,500 The goche were not skilled sailors, and 85 00:04:32,500 --> 00:04:34,150 therefore the culture of each 86 00:04:34,150 --> 00:04:36,790 of the Canary Islands developed differently. 87 00:04:36,790 --> 00:04:38,380 In Tene, for example, 88 00:04:38,380 --> 00:04:42,520 the Gus civilization was divided into nine small kingdoms 89 00:04:42,520 --> 00:04:44,110 each led by a ruling. 90 00:04:44,110 --> 00:04:48,250 Mensey caves were also used for grain storage 91 00:04:48,250 --> 00:04:51,670 and as temples and some are still preserved today 92 00:04:51,670 --> 00:04:54,280 and demonstrate the sophisticated astronomical 93 00:04:54,280 --> 00:04:56,290 knowledge of the Goche. 94 00:04:56,290 --> 00:04:59,080 The most impressive of these structures is risk. 95 00:04:59,080 --> 00:05:01,990 Al-Qaeda, a vast cultural site covering 96 00:05:01,990 --> 00:05:06,550 around 18,000 hectares on the island of Grand Canaria. 97 00:05:06,550 --> 00:05:08,230 The archeological site consists 98 00:05:08,230 --> 00:05:12,250 of 21 caves containing significant rock art believed 99 00:05:12,250 --> 00:05:14,620 to relate to magical or religious beliefs 100 00:05:14,620 --> 00:05:16,150 and fertility rituals. 101 00:05:17,230 --> 00:05:20,440 One of these caves has a small opening in its roof 102 00:05:20,440 --> 00:05:24,040 where light enters from the summer solstice to autumn, 103 00:05:24,040 --> 00:05:26,890 allowed sunlight and moonlight to enter the caves 104 00:05:26,890 --> 00:05:30,340 and illuminates symbolic engravings on the walls. 105 00:05:30,340 --> 00:05:32,620 Because of this, many archeologists think 106 00:05:32,620 --> 00:05:34,840 that risk Qaeda could have been used 107 00:05:34,840 --> 00:05:37,810 by the prehistoric inhabitants as a primitive, 108 00:05:37,810 --> 00:05:39,130 astronomical clock. 109 00:05:40,180 --> 00:05:41,830 Over the years, there have been a number 110 00:05:41,830 --> 00:05:43,990 of fines made in the Canary Islands, 111 00:05:43,990 --> 00:05:47,890 which suggested some sort of contact with the Roman world. 112 00:05:47,890 --> 00:05:49,450 In 1964, 113 00:05:49,450 --> 00:05:53,290 the Roman amphora storage jar was discovered in waters off 114 00:05:53,290 --> 00:05:55,690 Lanzarote, and since that time, 115 00:05:55,690 --> 00:05:58,460 other examples have been found underwater. 116 00:05:58,460 --> 00:06:01,280 None, however could be securely dated. 117 00:06:01,280 --> 00:06:04,400 A few years ago, however, excavations on the island 118 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:08,000 of Lanzarote uncovered the first securely dated evidence 119 00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:10,400 of Roman trade with the islands. 120 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:14,810 Investigations at the prehistoric settlement of El Berro 121 00:06:14,810 --> 00:06:18,410 yielded around a hundred Roman pot shards, nine pieces 122 00:06:18,410 --> 00:06:20,810 of metal and one piece of glass. 123 00:06:20,810 --> 00:06:23,690 The artifacts were found in archeological levels, 124 00:06:23,690 --> 00:06:26,270 which indicate that they dated between the first 125 00:06:26,270 --> 00:06:30,380 and fourth centuries ad legends of Atlantis 126 00:06:30,380 --> 00:06:32,240 and ancient Egypt. 127 00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:34,970 There are numerous legends surrounding the native people 128 00:06:34,970 --> 00:06:36,500 of the Canary Islands. 129 00:06:36,500 --> 00:06:39,560 Some believe they were somehow related to the Celts 130 00:06:39,560 --> 00:06:42,410 or perhaps even the Vikings, others, 131 00:06:42,410 --> 00:06:45,230 that the cones were descended from the inhabitants 132 00:06:45,230 --> 00:06:47,690 of the mythical land of Atlantis. 133 00:06:47,690 --> 00:06:50,780 In this theory, Cape Verde, the Azores, Madeira 134 00:06:50,780 --> 00:06:53,210 and the Canary Islands would be the remains 135 00:06:53,210 --> 00:06:56,030 of this legendary sunken continent. 136 00:06:56,030 --> 00:06:58,490 A more recent theory connects the first settlers 137 00:06:58,490 --> 00:07:02,570 of the Canary Islands with the Burber Canary tribe. 138 00:07:02,570 --> 00:07:06,205 The Gus have also been linked to ancient Egyptians, perhaps 139 00:07:06,205 --> 00:07:08,300 as a colony of that civilization 140 00:07:08,300 --> 00:07:11,270 because of their habit of mummifying their dead. 141 00:07:11,270 --> 00:07:14,000 It is a fact that the Goche use similar methods 142 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:16,880 to the ancient Egyptians when preserving the remains 143 00:07:16,880 --> 00:07:19,190 of their high ranking citizens. 144 00:07:19,190 --> 00:07:21,440 After the mummification process, 145 00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:24,980 the bodies were buried underground or inside caves. 146 00:07:24,980 --> 00:07:27,710 Unfortunately, many of these mummies were stolen 147 00:07:27,710 --> 00:07:30,140 or looted by later grave robbers. 148 00:07:30,140 --> 00:07:33,740 Though some have managed to survive, the mummy 149 00:07:33,740 --> 00:07:37,400 of Madrid is perhaps the best preserved of the GU mummies 150 00:07:37,400 --> 00:07:40,700 as its careful embalming kept its organs intact 151 00:07:40,700 --> 00:07:43,160 and even preserved the man's hair. 152 00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:46,430 The man who died during his early thirties was mummified 153 00:07:46,430 --> 00:07:50,570 between the 11th and 13th centuries ad just a few centuries 154 00:07:50,570 --> 00:07:53,210 before the Spanish invaded the Canary Islands 155 00:07:54,110 --> 00:07:55,790 new DNA evidence. 156 00:07:56,660 --> 00:07:58,975 In June, 2019, it was announced 157 00:07:58,975 --> 00:08:01,130 that DNA studies had resolved many 158 00:08:01,130 --> 00:08:02,780 of the outstanding questions 159 00:08:02,780 --> 00:08:05,390 regarding the origins of the gans. 160 00:08:05,390 --> 00:08:08,570 Dr. Linus Gerland Flink, a researcher at Liverpool, 161 00:08:08,570 --> 00:08:11,390 John Moore's University in the uk who was part 162 00:08:11,390 --> 00:08:14,420 of the research team stated previous studies 163 00:08:14,420 --> 00:08:17,990 of the ES relied on single genetic markers such 164 00:08:17,990 --> 00:08:21,740 as the mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes. 165 00:08:21,740 --> 00:08:25,160 These markers often lack the analytical precision needed 166 00:08:25,160 --> 00:08:28,550 to resolve finer levels of population history. 167 00:08:28,550 --> 00:08:32,660 By sequencing autosomal DNA, we gained unique insights 168 00:08:32,660 --> 00:08:35,840 to the ancestry and origin of these populations. 169 00:08:36,800 --> 00:08:40,610 The researcher team generated the genome wide sequence data 170 00:08:40,610 --> 00:08:44,240 and mitochondrial genomes from 11 guang individuals 171 00:08:44,240 --> 00:08:47,690 originating from archeological sites in grand area 172 00:08:47,690 --> 00:08:50,990 and 10 leading author of the study Dr. 173 00:08:50,990 --> 00:08:53,120 Ricardo Rodriguez Varella, 174 00:08:53,120 --> 00:08:56,370 a researcher at Stockholm University, explain the results 175 00:08:56,370 --> 00:08:59,010 of the team's fascinating study 176 00:08:59,010 --> 00:09:02,460 by generating the first autosomal genetic data from these 177 00:09:02,460 --> 00:09:05,820 populations, we can conclusively demonstrate 178 00:09:05,820 --> 00:09:08,250 that the Gus were most closely related 179 00:09:08,250 --> 00:09:11,555 to modern North Africans of Berber ancestry than 180 00:09:11,555 --> 00:09:13,560 to any other population we included 181 00:09:13,560 --> 00:09:16,620 for comparisons supporting previous studies, 182 00:09:16,620 --> 00:09:18,690 but adding more detail and nuance. 183 00:09:19,590 --> 00:09:22,620 The study was also able to show that the modern habitants 184 00:09:22,620 --> 00:09:25,440 of Gran Canaria inherited between 16 185 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:29,985 and 31% of their genomic ancestry from the Ches, 186 00:09:29,985 --> 00:09:33,720 the burber spread throughout North Africa more than 3000 187 00:09:33,720 --> 00:09:37,500 years ago, occupying what is today the area from Libya 188 00:09:37,500 --> 00:09:39,990 to the Sahara Rosa free girl, 189 00:09:39,990 --> 00:09:42,930 a geneticist at La Laguna University 190 00:09:42,930 --> 00:09:45,630 who took part in the research said of the results. 191 00:09:45,630 --> 00:09:49,410 Thanks to DNA analysis we've been able to dispel the notion 192 00:09:49,410 --> 00:09:52,500 that the Gus were practically vikings tall, 193 00:09:52,500 --> 00:09:54,120 blonde and blue eyed. 194 00:09:54,120 --> 00:09:56,880 Everything indicates that they came from North Africa 195 00:09:56,880 --> 00:10:00,300 and were physically similar to the Berber white skin 196 00:10:00,300 --> 00:10:02,760 with a tendency to an olive complexion 197 00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:04,740 and brown eyes that could be light colored. 198 00:10:04,740 --> 00:10:07,620 In some cases, cliches and legends. 199 00:10:07,620 --> 00:10:10,080 Not withstanding the ancient inhabitants 200 00:10:10,080 --> 00:10:13,470 of the Canary Islands were not so different from today's, 201 00:10:14,400 --> 00:10:17,070 but the question is, if the original inhabitants 202 00:10:17,070 --> 00:10:20,100 of the Canary Islands came from North Africa, how 203 00:10:20,100 --> 00:10:22,020 and when did they arrive? 204 00:10:22,020 --> 00:10:23,250 Archeologists believed 205 00:10:23,250 --> 00:10:26,130 that there were two major migrations the first 206 00:10:26,130 --> 00:10:28,260 around 2,500 years ago 207 00:10:28,260 --> 00:10:31,260 and the second one at around the first century ad 208 00:10:31,260 --> 00:10:34,410 when North Africa was part of the Roman Empire. 209 00:10:34,410 --> 00:10:36,270 They are believed to have made the crossing in 210 00:10:36,270 --> 00:10:38,010 relatively small vessels. 211 00:10:38,010 --> 00:10:40,920 Although no remains of these have ever been found. 212 00:10:48,990 --> 00:10:51,480 In February, 2020, it was announced 213 00:10:51,480 --> 00:10:52,895 that the mummified remains 214 00:10:52,895 --> 00:10:55,620 of 72 individuals had been discovered 215 00:10:55,620 --> 00:10:59,135 by amateur archeologists using a drone in a cave 216 00:10:59,135 --> 00:11:00,720 on Grandin area. 217 00:11:00,720 --> 00:11:04,290 A rose Hema Gonzales who made the incredible discovery, 218 00:11:04,290 --> 00:11:06,090 said we were flying a drone 219 00:11:06,090 --> 00:11:08,280 and we took some pictures of the cave. 220 00:11:08,280 --> 00:11:10,740 It is in a very difficult place to access 221 00:11:10,740 --> 00:11:13,560 and you need to climb a cliff to reach the site. 222 00:11:13,560 --> 00:11:15,510 People thought the photos were fake 223 00:11:15,510 --> 00:11:18,270 because of all the bones there, but they were not fake 224 00:11:18,270 --> 00:11:19,890 and the bones are believed to belong 225 00:11:19,890 --> 00:11:22,410 to Goen mummified remains. 226 00:11:22,410 --> 00:11:24,810 Archeologists Veronica Alberto 227 00:11:24,810 --> 00:11:27,390 and culture counselor Javier Vela 228 00:11:27,390 --> 00:11:30,900 confirmed the discovery stating that the cave dates back to 229 00:11:30,900 --> 00:11:33,300 between the eighth and 10th centuries ad 230 00:11:41,255 --> 00:11:42,600 A few years ago, 231 00:11:42,600 --> 00:11:45,630 newspapers all over the world carried the story 232 00:11:45,630 --> 00:11:50,160 that ancient history researcher Robert Sarma has located the 233 00:11:50,160 --> 00:11:51,960 lost continent of Atlantis, 234 00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:55,060 of the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. 235 00:11:55,060 --> 00:11:58,630 Sonar scanning apparently revealed manmade structures in the 236 00:11:58,630 --> 00:12:00,520 water around the island. 237 00:12:00,520 --> 00:12:04,030 One mile beneath sea level SMAs believed 238 00:12:04,030 --> 00:12:08,380 that the Mediterranean basin was flooded in 9,000 bc, 239 00:12:08,380 --> 00:12:11,020 which submerged rectangular landmass, 240 00:12:11,020 --> 00:12:13,330 which he maintains was Atlantis. 241 00:12:14,260 --> 00:12:17,440 Although archeologists at the time dismissed Sammas claims 242 00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:21,280 out of hand, new evidence suggests there may indeed be an 243 00:12:21,280 --> 00:12:25,930 ancient city submerged in the waters around Cyprus 244 00:12:25,930 --> 00:12:27,820 almost every year without fail. 245 00:12:27,820 --> 00:12:31,360 The headline Atlantis found Blairs out from various 246 00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:33,580 newspapers all over the world. 247 00:12:33,580 --> 00:12:36,645 In fact, the range of hypothetical locations 248 00:12:36,645 --> 00:12:38,620 for Atlantis is staggering. 249 00:12:38,620 --> 00:12:40,120 The ow and civilization 250 00:12:40,120 --> 00:12:43,210 of late Bronze age Crete supposedly destroyed 251 00:12:43,210 --> 00:12:45,645 by a colossal earthquake on the neighboring island 252 00:12:45,645 --> 00:12:47,890 of Thera modern day Santorini 253 00:12:47,890 --> 00:12:50,770 around 1450 BC was long thought 254 00:12:50,770 --> 00:12:54,520 to have been an indirect influence on Plato's Atlantis. 255 00:12:54,520 --> 00:12:58,575 However, research into late bronze age Crete has shown 256 00:12:58,575 --> 00:13:02,115 that the Manone civilization continue to flourish long 257 00:13:02,115 --> 00:13:03,670 after the theory and quake. 258 00:13:04,840 --> 00:13:08,350 This vast array of wildly different theories has contributed 259 00:13:08,350 --> 00:13:11,710 to the skepticism of many researchers who believe 260 00:13:11,710 --> 00:13:15,160 that Plato's Atlantis was merely a political allegory 261 00:13:15,160 --> 00:13:17,410 designed to glorify Athens 262 00:13:17,410 --> 00:13:20,620 as the perfect state fighting against a decadent 263 00:13:20,620 --> 00:13:23,560 and greedy atlantian empire. 264 00:13:23,560 --> 00:13:26,680 For them, the story begins and ends with Plato. 265 00:13:26,680 --> 00:13:28,750 Solon never visited Egypt 266 00:13:28,750 --> 00:13:31,660 and heard the story from the priests at SaaS. 267 00:13:31,660 --> 00:13:35,890 They reason that Plato located Atlantis out in the Atlantic 268 00:13:35,890 --> 00:13:37,810 beyond the pillars of Hercules 269 00:13:37,810 --> 00:13:41,980 because in his time this vast not represented the limit 270 00:13:41,980 --> 00:13:43,960 of the world known to the Greeks. 271 00:13:44,830 --> 00:13:48,070 Atlantis researchers of course would completely disagree 272 00:13:48,070 --> 00:13:49,690 with this conclusion. 273 00:13:49,690 --> 00:13:54,070 Indeed one of them Iranian American architect Robert Smat, 274 00:13:54,070 --> 00:13:57,130 believes he knows exactly where Atlantis is. 275 00:13:58,270 --> 00:14:01,540 Did Robert Smat find Atlantis off Cyprus? 276 00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:06,490 Smat first hit the headlines in November, 2004 when 277 00:14:06,490 --> 00:14:08,410 newspapers carried the story that 278 00:14:08,410 --> 00:14:09,645 after nearly 10 years 279 00:14:09,645 --> 00:14:13,030 of research using ocean mapping technology 280 00:14:13,030 --> 00:14:15,250 and accounts from ancient texts, 281 00:14:15,250 --> 00:14:18,400 he'd located Atlantis of Cyprus. 282 00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:21,220 Salmat was quoted as saying, this is going 283 00:14:21,220 --> 00:14:23,170 to rewrite the history books. 284 00:14:23,170 --> 00:14:25,815 We are set to make the biggest archeological 285 00:14:25,815 --> 00:14:27,760 discovery of all time. 286 00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:32,770 He claimed that around 9,000 BC the Mediterranean basin was 287 00:14:32,770 --> 00:14:35,440 flooded in a deluge, the submerged, 288 00:14:35,440 --> 00:14:40,270 rectangular manmade site, which he believed was Atlantis. 289 00:14:40,270 --> 00:14:43,690 The lost civilization apparently lay around 5,000 feet 290 00:14:43,690 --> 00:14:45,700 below sea level, 50 miles 291 00:14:45,700 --> 00:14:49,000 or so off the southeastern coast of Cyprus. 292 00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:52,700 Sarma and his team had carried out deep water sonar 293 00:14:52,700 --> 00:14:56,780 scanning, which indicated manmade structures on a submerged 294 00:14:56,780 --> 00:15:00,590 hill, including a wall almost three miles long, 295 00:15:00,590 --> 00:15:03,980 a walled hill summit and deep trenches. 296 00:15:03,980 --> 00:15:08,870 Sarma six day expedition cost about $200,000 297 00:15:08,870 --> 00:15:12,800 and was partly funded by the Cprt Tourist organization. 298 00:15:12,800 --> 00:15:17,090 Samat was quoted at the time as saying of his discoveries, 299 00:15:17,090 --> 00:15:18,260 it is a miracle. 300 00:15:18,260 --> 00:15:20,840 We found these walls as their location 301 00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:24,500 and lengths match exactly the description of the Acropolis 302 00:15:24,500 --> 00:15:28,580 of Atlantis provided by Plato in his writings. 303 00:15:28,580 --> 00:15:31,640 We cannot yet provide tangible proof in the form of bricks 304 00:15:31,640 --> 00:15:35,060 and mortar as the artifacts are still buried under several 305 00:15:35,060 --> 00:15:38,030 meters of sediment, but the circumstantial 306 00:15:38,030 --> 00:15:40,820 and other evidence is irrefutable. 307 00:15:40,820 --> 00:15:45,350 My discovery will vindicate Plato within his dialogues. 308 00:15:45,350 --> 00:15:49,730 Plato provides factual clues as to what Atlantis was like. 309 00:15:49,730 --> 00:15:50,840 I have matched all 310 00:15:50,840 --> 00:15:55,155 but two of the 45 clues with the area around Cyprus 311 00:15:55,155 --> 00:15:57,740 that either the biggest coincidence in the history 312 00:15:57,740 --> 00:16:01,880 of the world or we have found Plato's Atlantis 313 00:16:01,880 --> 00:16:04,825 Plato's account is so detailed that it is possible 314 00:16:04,825 --> 00:16:08,300 to make city plans based on his description. 315 00:16:08,300 --> 00:16:11,900 These match exactly the anti-dilution maps of Cyprus 316 00:16:11,900 --> 00:16:14,750 as discovered through oceanographic mapping. 317 00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:19,010 SMAs had in fact revealed his discoveries the year 318 00:16:19,010 --> 00:16:22,640 before he hit the newspaper headlines in a book entitled 319 00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:25,670 Discovery of Atlantis, the Startling Case 320 00:16:25,670 --> 00:16:27,140 for the Island of Cyprus. 321 00:16:28,130 --> 00:16:31,730 At a 2004 press conference to announce his discoveries, 322 00:16:31,730 --> 00:16:36,295 Sarma was challenged by Michelle Morso, a French geologist 323 00:16:36,295 --> 00:16:38,720 who lives on Cyprus to provide evidence 324 00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:41,000 that the Mediterranean had been flooded far, 325 00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:44,150 far more recently than the conventionally accepted 326 00:16:44,150 --> 00:16:45,980 5 million years. 327 00:16:45,980 --> 00:16:48,710 Unfortunately, Salma was not able 328 00:16:48,710 --> 00:16:52,550 to provide any evidence whatever to back up his claims. 329 00:16:52,550 --> 00:16:53,900 Depo Ides 330 00:16:53,900 --> 00:16:55,555 and archeologists at the Department 331 00:16:55,555 --> 00:16:59,120 of Antiquities in Cyprus said of salamis claims, 332 00:16:59,120 --> 00:17:00,860 the latest theory should be taken 333 00:17:00,860 --> 00:17:03,560 with a very large pinch of salt. 334 00:17:03,560 --> 00:17:06,710 Archeologists only work with hard evidence. 335 00:17:06,710 --> 00:17:09,055 There is no evidence whatsoever to give credence 336 00:17:09,055 --> 00:17:10,670 to this hypothesis 337 00:17:10,670 --> 00:17:13,160 and we have no intention of investigating it. 338 00:17:14,150 --> 00:17:18,020 Commenting on SMAs interpretation of the sonar results, 339 00:17:18,020 --> 00:17:21,530 many Pisa are social anthropologist at Liverpool. 340 00:17:21,530 --> 00:17:25,490 John Moore's University in the UK criticized his far-fetched 341 00:17:25,490 --> 00:17:28,520 theories and unscientific approach. 342 00:17:28,520 --> 00:17:31,820 Selective interpretation is nothing more than the blinkered 343 00:17:31,820 --> 00:17:35,480 reading of very ambiguous and unconvincing images. 344 00:17:35,480 --> 00:17:39,860 He said anyone with a critical eye can pick out these images 345 00:17:39,860 --> 00:17:41,450 that they're far too vague 346 00:17:41,450 --> 00:17:44,030 and uncertain to be regarded as compelling evidence 347 00:17:44,030 --> 00:17:46,550 for any manmade structures. 348 00:17:46,550 --> 00:17:49,500 The very foundation on which the hoax is based is 349 00:17:49,500 --> 00:17:51,150 completely bogus. 350 00:17:51,150 --> 00:17:52,920 According to his theory, Mr. 351 00:17:52,920 --> 00:17:54,060 Sarma claims 352 00:17:54,060 --> 00:17:57,360 that the Mediterranean basin was flooded in a deluge 353 00:17:57,360 --> 00:17:59,460 around 9,000 bc, 354 00:17:59,460 --> 00:18:02,160 which submerged rectangular landmass he 355 00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:04,020 believes was Atlantis. 356 00:18:04,020 --> 00:18:06,690 The problem is there is no evidence whatsoever 357 00:18:06,690 --> 00:18:10,320 for any large scale flooding of the Mediterranean basin at 358 00:18:10,320 --> 00:18:13,440 that time not to be deterred. 359 00:18:13,440 --> 00:18:18,240 Samas organized a second expedition to the site in 2006, 360 00:18:18,240 --> 00:18:21,120 but results of the work were inconclusive. 361 00:18:21,120 --> 00:18:23,940 He returned to Cyprus in June, 2011 362 00:18:23,940 --> 00:18:28,110 to film a documentary in support of his Atlantis theory. 363 00:18:28,110 --> 00:18:31,710 He again had the backing of the Cyprus tourism organization 364 00:18:31,710 --> 00:18:34,320 as well as the history channel together with the number 365 00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:36,030 of private investors. 366 00:18:36,030 --> 00:18:39,510 However, Samas appears to have made no further discoveries 367 00:18:39,510 --> 00:18:41,850 that the supposed site of Atlantis 368 00:18:41,850 --> 00:18:44,910 and nothing has been heard from him on the subject subject 369 00:18:44,910 --> 00:18:46,860 since 2013. 370 00:18:46,860 --> 00:18:49,470 New discoveries off Cyprus. 371 00:18:49,470 --> 00:18:50,670 However, the theory 372 00:18:50,670 --> 00:18:54,000 that ancient Atlantis may lie submerged in the waters 373 00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:57,030 of Cyprus does not seem to be dead yet. 374 00:18:57,030 --> 00:19:01,740 In April, 2018, CPR newspaper the Cyprus traveler announced 375 00:19:01,740 --> 00:19:05,310 that a chance discovery by group of tourists had led a team 376 00:19:05,310 --> 00:19:07,560 of marine archeologists to the location 377 00:19:07,560 --> 00:19:10,500 of Atlantis off the coast of pathos, 378 00:19:10,500 --> 00:19:13,440 a coastal city in southwest Cyprus. 379 00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:18,240 The team led by archeologist Mallios Asio used luge 380 00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:21,840 cutting edge soner technology to scan the ocean bed. 381 00:19:21,840 --> 00:19:24,630 After further surveillance deep ground radar 382 00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:27,960 and digital mapping, a team was sent to the ocean floor 383 00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:30,780 where they discovered an ancient statue of Aphrodite. 384 00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:35,490 After extensive analysis, professor Costas Antos 385 00:19:35,490 --> 00:19:37,800 from Cyprus University's department 386 00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:40,470 of Antiquities authenticated the relic 387 00:19:40,470 --> 00:19:43,710 and confirmed that the extraordinary find was the first 388 00:19:43,710 --> 00:19:47,040 artifact that categorically proved that the great 389 00:19:47,040 --> 00:19:50,370 and wonderful empire of Atlantis was located off the coast 390 00:19:50,370 --> 00:19:52,955 of PAOs, a large scale operation 391 00:19:52,955 --> 00:19:54,635 to recover further artifacts 392 00:19:54,635 --> 00:19:57,330 and building remains was soon underway 393 00:19:57,330 --> 00:19:59,580 with a Cyprus tourism organization. 394 00:19:59,580 --> 00:20:02,520 Also planning to put out a tender for the building 395 00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:04,860 of a pathos based Atlantis museum. 396 00:20:05,790 --> 00:20:09,930 Marius Asio commented on these spectacular discoveries. 397 00:20:09,930 --> 00:20:13,290 Over the centuries, there's been heated debate over whether 398 00:20:13,290 --> 00:20:14,880 Atlantis was a mythical 399 00:20:14,880 --> 00:20:18,510 or historical location with hundreds of archeologists 400 00:20:18,510 --> 00:20:21,660 and geologists searching for its location. 401 00:20:21,660 --> 00:20:25,290 In fact, the reason I became a marine archeologist was 402 00:20:25,290 --> 00:20:28,680 to try to discover the true location of Atlantis. 403 00:20:28,680 --> 00:20:31,655 Having completed my lifetime goal, I'm looking forward 404 00:20:31,655 --> 00:20:34,170 to enjoying an early retirement. 405 00:20:34,170 --> 00:20:37,380 He added I was astounded when I heard that Asio 406 00:20:37,380 --> 00:20:40,650 and his team had discovered the location of the lost city 407 00:20:40,650 --> 00:20:42,240 of Atlantis, mainly 408 00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:44,730 because my great-grandmother always used 409 00:20:44,730 --> 00:20:47,200 to tell us Atlantis could be found at 410 00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:49,540 that exact spot in the ocean. 411 00:20:49,540 --> 00:20:50,650 No one listened to her. 412 00:20:50,650 --> 00:20:53,530 Of course, it seemed the old bird was right. 413 00:20:54,640 --> 00:20:56,710 Marina Milona, a marketing 414 00:20:56,710 --> 00:20:59,475 and tourism officer at the Cyprus Tourism 415 00:20:59,475 --> 00:21:01,180 Organization added. 416 00:21:01,180 --> 00:21:03,130 It's been long rumored that the lost city 417 00:21:03,130 --> 00:21:06,460 of Atlantis was located just off the coast of Cyprus 418 00:21:06,460 --> 00:21:08,650 and we are delighted that this has been 419 00:21:08,650 --> 00:21:09,820 officially confirmed. 420 00:21:17,710 --> 00:21:18,790 The ruins of a two 421 00:21:18,790 --> 00:21:22,150 and a half thousand year old lost ancient civilization were 422 00:21:22,150 --> 00:21:25,150 recently found in the lake in Stan. 423 00:21:25,150 --> 00:21:26,650 Some researchers believe 424 00:21:26,650 --> 00:21:29,890 that these ancient remains may include an ancient Armenian 425 00:21:29,890 --> 00:21:32,920 monastery where according to legend, the body 426 00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:35,980 of Saint Matthew, one of Jesus's disciples 427 00:21:35,980 --> 00:21:38,260 and his many relics were buried. 428 00:21:38,260 --> 00:21:40,750 A number of Orthodox Christians have long believed 429 00:21:40,750 --> 00:21:42,640 that Matthew was finally laid 430 00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:45,220 to rest here long after his death. 431 00:21:45,220 --> 00:21:48,790 Since the 19th century Russian scientists, archeologists, 432 00:21:48,790 --> 00:21:50,920 and researchers from the Rgis Academy 433 00:21:50,920 --> 00:21:53,410 of Sciences have studied ancient relics 434 00:21:53,410 --> 00:21:57,010 around isic cool hot lake, one of the world's highest 435 00:21:57,010 --> 00:22:00,465 and deepest lakes located in a valley in the high central 436 00:22:00,465 --> 00:22:03,250 Asian mountains in the republic of Stan. 437 00:22:04,360 --> 00:22:09,040 Iko Lake is 113 miles long up to 37 miles wide 438 00:22:09,040 --> 00:22:13,030 and has an area of 2,408 square miles. 439 00:22:13,030 --> 00:22:17,290 It reaches 2,192 feet in depth. 440 00:22:17,290 --> 00:22:19,540 The lake was first mentioned by Chinese 441 00:22:19,540 --> 00:22:21,700 and Islamic map makers at the beginning 442 00:22:21,700 --> 00:22:22,810 of the eighth century. 443 00:22:23,650 --> 00:22:27,070 Archeological finds from the site have included petroglyphs 444 00:22:27,070 --> 00:22:31,540 and 3000 year old nomadic burial mounds known as Gans, 445 00:22:31,540 --> 00:22:34,870 early Christian monasteries and medieval cities. 446 00:22:34,870 --> 00:22:38,020 The Lakers long held a fascination for researchers 447 00:22:38,020 --> 00:22:41,590 as divers have been exploring its depth since as long ago 448 00:22:41,590 --> 00:22:43,450 as the 1860s, 449 00:22:43,450 --> 00:22:45,670 there was a significant rise in the water level 450 00:22:45,670 --> 00:22:48,100 of the lake at the end of the 14th century 451 00:22:48,100 --> 00:22:49,990 and the beginning of the 15th. 452 00:22:49,990 --> 00:22:51,940 As a result of this, the remains 453 00:22:51,940 --> 00:22:54,820 of various ancient cultures were submerged, 454 00:22:54,820 --> 00:22:58,810 including bronze age settlements, saki of Sunni burial mans 455 00:22:58,810 --> 00:23:02,560 of the first century BC medieval towns and settlements 456 00:23:02,560 --> 00:23:04,870 and turkic monuments. 457 00:23:04,870 --> 00:23:09,100 Since 1985, professor Vladimir fluky, 458 00:23:09,100 --> 00:23:11,140 vice president of the Kgi Academy 459 00:23:11,140 --> 00:23:14,020 of Sciences has been directing underwater surveys, 460 00:23:14,020 --> 00:23:15,490 the excavations at Isic. 461 00:23:15,490 --> 00:23:19,810 Cool, and in 2010, he joined forces with National Geographic 462 00:23:19,810 --> 00:23:23,320 to explore the extraordinary history of the lake. 463 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:25,630 In September, 2013, scientists 464 00:23:25,630 --> 00:23:28,335 and archeologists from National Geographic began 465 00:23:28,335 --> 00:23:30,490 investigations at the lake. 466 00:23:30,490 --> 00:23:32,200 The team chose this site due 467 00:23:32,200 --> 00:23:35,710 to its position at an important location along the legendary 468 00:23:35,710 --> 00:23:39,430 silk Road with roots running along its shores. 469 00:23:39,430 --> 00:23:42,490 In the past, innumerable traders, caravans 470 00:23:42,490 --> 00:23:43,510 and nomadic tribes 471 00:23:43,510 --> 00:23:47,780 and armies traveled along the 130 mile long lake leaving an 472 00:23:47,780 --> 00:23:49,850 extraordinary archeological legacy. 473 00:23:49,850 --> 00:23:53,630 Behind the Silk Road was an ancient trade route linking 474 00:23:53,630 --> 00:23:56,185 China with the west along which goods 475 00:23:56,185 --> 00:23:59,690 and ideas were carried between the two great civilizations 476 00:23:59,690 --> 00:24:01,220 of Rome and China 477 00:24:01,220 --> 00:24:05,060 and later between medieval European kingdoms in China 478 00:24:05,060 --> 00:24:08,120 in the Middle Ages, the area surrounding the lake was fought 479 00:24:08,120 --> 00:24:12,200 over by two opposing lines of descendants from Genghis Khan, 480 00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:13,315 the Eastern Mongols 481 00:24:13,315 --> 00:24:16,430 and the city dwelling Islamic Western Mongols. 482 00:24:16,430 --> 00:24:19,885 The legendary Western Mongol leader Tamerlan was sent 483 00:24:19,885 --> 00:24:23,030 to a fought a battle over the lake region in the early 14 484 00:24:23,030 --> 00:24:25,700 hundreds, and there aren't medieval records 485 00:24:25,700 --> 00:24:28,460 of a palace built by the conqueror on the lake shore. 486 00:24:28,460 --> 00:24:32,540 Is it cool? Some researchers believe it's the same structure 487 00:24:32,540 --> 00:24:36,590 as the 15th century palace near the town of chomp and Atta. 488 00:24:36,590 --> 00:24:40,310 Described by the medieval Arab historian Iben Arab Sheik 489 00:24:41,540 --> 00:24:44,330 in December, 2007, it was announced 490 00:24:44,330 --> 00:24:47,330 that Russian researchers had discovered important ancient 491 00:24:47,330 --> 00:24:51,200 remains, a previously unknown culture beneath the lake. 492 00:24:51,200 --> 00:24:52,490 According to reports, 493 00:24:52,490 --> 00:24:56,330 Russian archeologists discovered traces of a large city 494 00:24:56,330 --> 00:24:59,240 with an area of several square kilometers. 495 00:24:59,240 --> 00:25:02,540 In other words, it was a metropolis in its time. 496 00:25:02,540 --> 00:25:05,690 We also found side un burial mounds eroded 497 00:25:05,690 --> 00:25:07,640 by waves over the centuries 498 00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:11,570 and numerous well-preserved artifacts, bronze battle axes, 499 00:25:11,570 --> 00:25:15,350 arrowheads, self sharpening daggers objects discarded 500 00:25:15,350 --> 00:25:17,505 by Smiths casting molds 501 00:25:17,505 --> 00:25:19,580 and a faceted gold bar, 502 00:25:19,580 --> 00:25:21,560 which was a monetary unit of the time. 503 00:25:22,490 --> 00:25:26,690 In August of 2014, Russian news outlets published a story 504 00:25:26,690 --> 00:25:30,650 that divers from Tom State University had located another 505 00:25:30,650 --> 00:25:33,920 previous unknown, ancient settlement beneath the lake. 506 00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:36,140 Along with 200 artifacts, 507 00:25:36,140 --> 00:25:38,840 perhaps the most fascinating find was a piece 508 00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:41,810 of large ceramic pot which had a stamp on it, 509 00:25:41,810 --> 00:25:45,020 written in Armenian and Syrian scripts. 510 00:25:45,020 --> 00:25:48,080 This find may have been supporting evidence for the story 511 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:51,260 that an Armenian monastery existed on this site in 512 00:25:51,260 --> 00:25:52,880 medieval times. 513 00:25:52,880 --> 00:25:55,970 According to Dimitri Gorn who led the diving team, 514 00:25:55,970 --> 00:25:59,540 the inscribed pot fragment was truly unique. 515 00:25:59,540 --> 00:26:03,080 He added experts are now working on the identification 516 00:26:03,080 --> 00:26:05,000 of the writings of the stamps, 517 00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,330 but it's supposed to be Armenian Syrian script. 518 00:26:08,330 --> 00:26:11,480 If this proves to be correct, it will be further evidence 519 00:26:11,480 --> 00:26:15,320 that there was an Armenian monastery on Isic K in the 14th 520 00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:18,380 century where according to the legends relics 521 00:26:18,380 --> 00:26:20,300 of Matthew were stored. 522 00:26:20,300 --> 00:26:21,685 There is indeed a tradition 523 00:26:21,685 --> 00:26:24,800 that a monastery on this remote lake was the last resting 524 00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:26,330 place of evangelists St. 525 00:26:26,330 --> 00:26:30,620 Matthew, one of the 12 apostles of Jesus intriguingly. 526 00:26:30,620 --> 00:26:35,090 When the Russian traveler pp OV was in Venice in the 1850s, 527 00:26:35,090 --> 00:26:40,090 he came upon a copy of the Catalan Atlas from 1375. 528 00:26:40,460 --> 00:26:41,900 In this work, he found a drawing 529 00:26:41,900 --> 00:26:44,190 of a lakeside monastery with a caption. 530 00:26:44,190 --> 00:26:46,260 The spot is named Issa Cole. 531 00:26:46,260 --> 00:26:49,440 Here is a monastery of Armenian brethren, which is rumored 532 00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:51,010 to possess the relics of St. 533 00:26:51,010 --> 00:26:53,610 Matthew, the apostle and evangelist. 534 00:26:53,610 --> 00:26:57,120 The extraordinary Catalan Atlas is a perpetual calendar 535 00:26:57,120 --> 00:27:00,510 and thematic representation of the known world produced 536 00:27:00,510 --> 00:27:03,150 by the major York and graphic school. 537 00:27:03,150 --> 00:27:05,310 The creation of the atlas has been attributed 538 00:27:05,310 --> 00:27:06,900 to Abraham Cress. 539 00:27:06,900 --> 00:27:11,580 A Jewish cartographer from Palmer Majorca OV believed 540 00:27:11,580 --> 00:27:15,120 that the monks probably chose a site on the Menti Bay 541 00:27:15,120 --> 00:27:17,580 as the site was protected from rough water 542 00:27:17,580 --> 00:27:19,260 and rich with fish. 543 00:27:19,260 --> 00:27:23,400 After visiting Isic Cole in 1856 to 57, 544 00:27:23,400 --> 00:27:27,360 Soff wrote, Menti Bay meets these conditions, 545 00:27:27,360 --> 00:27:30,060 but I unfortunately did not find on the shore, 546 00:27:30,060 --> 00:27:33,090 nor in the drifts of the neighboring shore any object 547 00:27:33,090 --> 00:27:35,100 supporting my supposition. 548 00:27:35,100 --> 00:27:37,950 50 years later, a Russian Orthodox monastery 549 00:27:37,950 --> 00:27:39,840 was built in the area. 550 00:27:39,840 --> 00:27:41,520 However many Christians believe 551 00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:44,940 that Matthew the apostles remains were discovered in Ermo, 552 00:27:44,940 --> 00:27:46,920 Italy in 10 80 553 00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:49,290 and are now in Salerno Cathedral, 554 00:27:49,290 --> 00:27:51,600 which is dedicated to the saint. 555 00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:54,125 Apparently St. Matthew's relics had been brought 556 00:27:54,125 --> 00:27:57,720 to the town in 9 54 Ad St. 557 00:27:57,720 --> 00:28:00,780 Matthew also called St Matthew the evangelist and St. 558 00:28:00,780 --> 00:28:03,575 Matthew the apostle was one of the 12 apostles 559 00:28:03,575 --> 00:28:06,180 of Jesus Christ and the traditional author 560 00:28:06,180 --> 00:28:09,515 of the first synoptic gospel, the gospel according 561 00:28:09,515 --> 00:28:11,705 to Matthew, according to the calling 562 00:28:11,705 --> 00:28:14,100 of Matthew in the biblical book of Matthew, 563 00:28:14,100 --> 00:28:15,600 he had been a tax collector 564 00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:18,420 before being called to follow Jesus. 565 00:28:18,420 --> 00:28:20,190 As Jesus went on from there, 566 00:28:20,190 --> 00:28:22,295 he saw a man named Matthew sitting at a 567 00:28:22,295 --> 00:28:24,030 tax collector's booth. 568 00:28:24,030 --> 00:28:28,320 Follow me, he told him and Matthew got up and followed him. 569 00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:31,170 While Jesus was having dinner at Matthew's house, 570 00:28:31,170 --> 00:28:34,290 many tax collectors and sinners came and ate with him 571 00:28:34,290 --> 00:28:36,120 and his disciples. 572 00:28:36,120 --> 00:28:39,210 When the Pharisees saw this, they asked his disciples, 573 00:28:39,210 --> 00:28:42,930 why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners? 574 00:28:42,930 --> 00:28:45,870 On hearing this, Jesus said, it is not the healthy 575 00:28:45,870 --> 00:28:48,870 who need a doctor but the sick, but go 576 00:28:48,870 --> 00:28:50,700 and learn what this means. 577 00:28:50,700 --> 00:28:54,480 I desire mercy, not sacrifice for I have not come 578 00:28:54,480 --> 00:28:56,820 to call the righteous but sinners. 579 00:28:57,840 --> 00:28:59,160 According to tradition, 580 00:28:59,160 --> 00:29:01,680 Matthew's missions later brought him to the east. 581 00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:02,880 Perhaps Ethiopia 582 00:29:02,880 --> 00:29:05,070 and Persia stories differ as 583 00:29:05,070 --> 00:29:08,700 to whether he died a natural death or that of a martyr. 584 00:29:08,700 --> 00:29:12,330 According to another tradition, he died as a martyr in Syria 585 00:29:12,330 --> 00:29:15,630 and his relics were kept there for 150 years. 586 00:29:15,630 --> 00:29:18,570 Apparently, his followers later fled from persecution 587 00:29:18,570 --> 00:29:21,120 to the depths of Asia, bringing the relics 588 00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:22,770 of the apostle with them. 589 00:29:22,770 --> 00:29:24,725 Yet another tradition holds that St. 590 00:29:24,725 --> 00:29:26,970 Matthew died while traveling to India 591 00:29:26,970 --> 00:29:30,240 and established several Christian communities on his way. 592 00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:33,600 One of which was is it's known 593 00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:36,725 that a thriving Christian Armenian community existed in 594 00:29:36,725 --> 00:29:40,080 Kyrgyzstan since the first century ad 595 00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:42,610 many artifacts found in Chu Valley, 596 00:29:42,610 --> 00:29:45,370 a large valley located in North Shan, 597 00:29:45,370 --> 00:29:46,960 including an a gravestone 598 00:29:46,960 --> 00:29:49,900 with a cross carrying an Armenian inscription. 599 00:29:49,900 --> 00:29:51,640 Jesus, our Lord, 600 00:29:51,640 --> 00:29:54,370 Assyrian inscription under the cross stated, 601 00:29:54,370 --> 00:29:57,610 this is the grave of Johan, the Armenian bishop 602 00:29:57,610 --> 00:30:01,720 and a date 7 7 2 in Armenian chronology corresponding 603 00:30:01,720 --> 00:30:04,360 to 1323 ad. 604 00:30:04,360 --> 00:30:07,750 In medieval times, two Armenian monasteries stood near one 605 00:30:07,750 --> 00:30:10,450 of the villages on the shore of the lake 606 00:30:10,450 --> 00:30:12,610 ley Ms. Bright Cape. 607 00:30:12,610 --> 00:30:14,415 More evidence that the remains of St. 608 00:30:14,415 --> 00:30:17,260 Matthew May have ended up in an Armenian monastery on the 609 00:30:17,260 --> 00:30:20,560 lake comes from the late 19th century. 610 00:30:20,560 --> 00:30:22,810 When Barron called bars Russian General 611 00:30:22,810 --> 00:30:26,950 and explorer of Central Asia traveled to the site he wrote. 612 00:30:26,950 --> 00:30:30,850 It is worth noting that not far from the Trinity monastery 613 00:30:30,850 --> 00:30:32,830 of the confluence of rivers tie up 614 00:30:32,830 --> 00:30:36,850 and koi ruins of an ancient town are found under water. 615 00:30:36,850 --> 00:30:39,190 The town hosted the Armenian monastery 616 00:30:39,190 --> 00:30:40,510 guarding the relics of St. 617 00:30:40,510 --> 00:30:43,840 Matthew. Archeological investigation 618 00:30:43,840 --> 00:30:48,280 of the mentee settlements began in 2005 when an 619 00:30:48,280 --> 00:30:51,160 exploratory team visited the site of the monastery 620 00:30:51,160 --> 00:30:55,480 and settlement fines from the area include a bronze crosses, 621 00:30:55,480 --> 00:30:58,750 a signet ring with ornamentation colored beads 622 00:30:58,750 --> 00:31:01,960 and more than two dozen crucifix necklaces 623 00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:04,900 only ongoing continuous archeological expeditions 624 00:31:04,900 --> 00:31:08,530 and detailed historical research can solve the mysteries 625 00:31:08,530 --> 00:31:10,060 of IC Cole. 626 00:31:10,060 --> 00:31:12,610 Nevertheless, some people are convinced 627 00:31:12,610 --> 00:31:15,040 that this site is indeed the location 628 00:31:15,040 --> 00:31:17,260 of the lost Armenian monastery 629 00:31:17,260 --> 00:31:19,395 and possibly the remains of St. 630 00:31:19,395 --> 00:31:19,930 Matthew. 631 00:31:26,950 --> 00:31:28,630 According to Hindu legend, 632 00:31:28,630 --> 00:31:31,750 there was once a mystical kingdom located in the middle 633 00:31:31,750 --> 00:31:36,130 of the sea, the city was home to 900 palaces, all made 634 00:31:36,130 --> 00:31:37,935 of gold and was supposed 635 00:31:37,935 --> 00:31:40,725 to have arisen outta the waters on the command 636 00:31:40,725 --> 00:31:42,520 of Lord Krishna. 637 00:31:42,520 --> 00:31:45,490 Recently underwater archeologists claimed to have located 638 00:31:45,490 --> 00:31:47,830 what some believe to be the foundations 639 00:31:47,830 --> 00:31:50,290 of this fabulous lost city, of the coast 640 00:31:50,290 --> 00:31:52,390 of modern daka in western India. 641 00:31:53,620 --> 00:31:56,350 Chardan literally meaning the four abodes 642 00:31:56,350 --> 00:32:00,370 or seats are the names of four pilgrimage sites in India 643 00:32:00,370 --> 00:32:02,980 that are widely revered by Hindus. 644 00:32:02,980 --> 00:32:07,980 It comprises of badrinath, dka, pur, and worm. 645 00:32:08,350 --> 00:32:11,380 Daka is often identified with the D Duka kingdom, 646 00:32:11,380 --> 00:32:13,210 the ancient kingdom of Krishna 647 00:32:13,210 --> 00:32:16,570 and is believed to have been the first capital of Gujarat. 648 00:32:16,570 --> 00:32:19,780 According to legend, Krishna founded the city in Gujarat's 649 00:32:19,780 --> 00:32:21,765 west coast after he defeated 650 00:32:21,765 --> 00:32:25,120 and killed his uncle cancer at Mathura. 651 00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:28,600 In Indian epic literature, the ancient city is also known 652 00:32:28,600 --> 00:32:30,400 as Deca. 653 00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:34,420 Traditionally, modern D is identified with Deca. 654 00:32:34,420 --> 00:32:36,010 Ancient Deca is supposed 655 00:32:36,010 --> 00:32:40,220 to have sank into the sea In remote history, the ancient 656 00:32:40,220 --> 00:32:42,620 and modern city, now known as dka, 657 00:32:42,620 --> 00:32:46,250 is located on the western tip of the Sur Astra Peninsula. 658 00:32:46,250 --> 00:32:50,570 In Gujarat, northwestern India in the 14th century, 659 00:32:50,570 --> 00:32:52,820 the town's original temples were destroyed 660 00:32:52,820 --> 00:32:54,650 by the deli emperors, 661 00:32:54,650 --> 00:32:56,570 but the most important of them, 662 00:32:56,570 --> 00:33:01,160 Jaga Manir was subsequently rebuilt Jaga Manir, 663 00:33:01,160 --> 00:33:03,590 also known as the ish temple, 664 00:33:03,590 --> 00:33:05,725 is a Hindu temple dedicated to God. 665 00:33:05,725 --> 00:33:08,570 Krishna, who is worshiped here with the name 666 00:33:08,570 --> 00:33:10,760 of Ddu Kadish or the king of Duka. 667 00:33:12,020 --> 00:33:16,400 The five story sandstone edifice is supported by 72 pillars 668 00:33:16,400 --> 00:33:19,850 and was constructed in the 15th to 16th centuries. 669 00:33:19,850 --> 00:33:24,230 In the Chauka style, it's covers an area of 69 670 00:33:24,230 --> 00:33:27,170 by 88.5 feet with its spire, 671 00:33:27,170 --> 00:33:30,470 a dizzying 257 feet high. 672 00:33:30,470 --> 00:33:34,130 The temple is visited by thousands of pilgrims every year. 673 00:33:34,130 --> 00:33:36,710 Ancient vara is mentioned in a number 674 00:33:36,710 --> 00:33:41,265 of Indian texts including the Maha Harta, the Shirad, 675 00:33:41,265 --> 00:33:43,585 and the Bava Gita. 676 00:33:43,585 --> 00:33:45,860 The Ma Harta described de vaca 677 00:33:45,860 --> 00:33:49,975 as having 900,000 royal palaces, all constructed of crystal 678 00:33:49,975 --> 00:33:53,060 and silver and decorated with emeralds. 679 00:33:53,060 --> 00:33:55,850 The ancient city was connected by an elaborate system 680 00:33:55,850 --> 00:33:58,700 of boulevards, roads, marketplaces, 681 00:33:58,700 --> 00:34:01,160 assembly houses, and temples. 682 00:34:01,160 --> 00:34:04,430 Archeological investigations in the city of Daka 683 00:34:04,430 --> 00:34:07,580 and offshore in the Arabian Sea have been undertaken 684 00:34:07,580 --> 00:34:11,990 by the archeological survey of India since the 1960s. 685 00:34:11,990 --> 00:34:13,160 Over the past decade 686 00:34:13,160 --> 00:34:16,580 or so, underwater excavations have uncovered interesting 687 00:34:16,580 --> 00:34:19,765 remains at a depth of 120 feet in the Gulf 688 00:34:19,765 --> 00:34:22,940 of Cam Bay off the western coast of India. 689 00:34:22,940 --> 00:34:26,600 Some reports claim these discoveries could be over 9,000 690 00:34:26,600 --> 00:34:29,600 years old and cover an area five miles long 691 00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:31,370 and two miles wide. 692 00:34:31,370 --> 00:34:34,130 Marine archeologists have used a technique known 693 00:34:34,130 --> 00:34:37,070 as sub bottom profiling to reveal 694 00:34:37,070 --> 00:34:40,760 that the buildings remain stand on enormous foundations. 695 00:34:40,760 --> 00:34:44,900 One news report in the new Indian Express from August, 2018 696 00:34:44,900 --> 00:34:47,000 stated sensationally, 697 00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:51,145 marine scientists say archeological remains discovered 36 698 00:34:51,145 --> 00:34:54,380 meters, 120 feet underwater in the Gulf 699 00:34:54,380 --> 00:34:56,065 of Kabe off the western coast 700 00:34:56,065 --> 00:34:59,510 of India could be over 9,000 years old. 701 00:34:59,510 --> 00:35:02,540 It's believed to predate the oldest known remains 702 00:35:02,540 --> 00:35:03,800 in the subcontinent. 703 00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:06,380 By more than 5,000 years 704 00:35:06,380 --> 00:35:09,200 carbon dating on debris recovered from the site, 705 00:35:09,200 --> 00:35:12,590 including construction, material, pottery, sections 706 00:35:12,590 --> 00:35:15,320 of walls, beads, sculpture, and human bones 707 00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:17,960 and teeth, put it at nearly nine 708 00:35:17,960 --> 00:35:19,940 and a half thousand years old, 709 00:35:19,940 --> 00:35:23,030 making it older than the Sumerian civilization 710 00:35:23,030 --> 00:35:25,220 by several thousand years. 711 00:35:25,220 --> 00:35:29,240 It's also older than the Egyptian and Chinese civilizations. 712 00:35:29,240 --> 00:35:32,540 The city is believed to be even older than the ancient 713 00:35:32,540 --> 00:35:37,230 Harapan civilization, sandstone walls, and a grid of streets 714 00:35:37,230 --> 00:35:40,710 and other evidence of a seaport 70 feet underwater. 715 00:35:40,710 --> 00:35:42,540 Alongside artifacts dating back 716 00:35:42,540 --> 00:35:47,070 to 7,500 BC have convinced some researchers 717 00:35:47,070 --> 00:35:48,900 that finally the legendary city 718 00:35:48,900 --> 00:35:52,290 of 900,000 royal palaces has been located. 719 00:35:53,310 --> 00:35:55,890 The archeological explorations of the coast 720 00:35:55,890 --> 00:35:58,920 of daka have also brought to light a large number 721 00:35:58,920 --> 00:36:00,570 of stone structures. 722 00:36:00,570 --> 00:36:03,570 These are semi-circular, rectangular 723 00:36:03,570 --> 00:36:06,900 and square stone edifices scattered randomly 724 00:36:06,900 --> 00:36:08,820 over a vast area. 725 00:36:08,820 --> 00:36:11,165 Besides these structures, many varieties 726 00:36:11,165 --> 00:36:13,590 of stone anchors have been uncovered alongside the 727 00:36:13,590 --> 00:36:15,390 structures as well. 728 00:36:15,390 --> 00:36:16,620 Such findings suggests 729 00:36:16,620 --> 00:36:19,980 that the ancient de vaca was once a busy port, 730 00:36:19,980 --> 00:36:22,200 though the structures are thought to date 731 00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:25,475 to comparatively late in the site's history probably 732 00:36:25,475 --> 00:36:28,260 belonging to the late medieval period. 733 00:36:28,260 --> 00:36:31,110 Indeed, various Indian historians have stated 734 00:36:31,110 --> 00:36:34,980 that the stone anchors match those used in the Indo Arab 735 00:36:34,980 --> 00:36:38,460 trade from the eighth to 14th century ad. 736 00:36:38,460 --> 00:36:42,185 However, this recent date has not stopped some from claiming 737 00:36:42,185 --> 00:36:44,645 that the remains represent the legendary loss city 738 00:36:44,645 --> 00:36:48,150 of de Vaca and so must be 9,000 years old. 739 00:36:49,110 --> 00:36:50,790 The lead archeologist of a number 740 00:36:50,790 --> 00:36:52,710 of excavations at the site. 741 00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:56,490 The late Dr. SR Reo described the town plan 742 00:36:56,490 --> 00:37:00,240 of early Deca based on his team's discoveries, 743 00:37:00,240 --> 00:37:04,320 there were two fortification walls, one on the lower terrace 744 00:37:04,320 --> 00:37:06,600 and other in the middle terrace. 745 00:37:06,600 --> 00:37:08,970 These walls which extend over a length 746 00:37:08,970 --> 00:37:12,300 of four kilometers on the eastern shore are mostly destroyed 747 00:37:12,300 --> 00:37:13,830 by sea action. 748 00:37:13,830 --> 00:37:15,605 The walls of the lower terrace are 749 00:37:15,605 --> 00:37:18,210 of massive dress sandstone blocks. 750 00:37:18,210 --> 00:37:21,870 While that of the upper terrace are of rubble, the houses 751 00:37:21,870 --> 00:37:23,910 and other public buildings built 752 00:37:23,910 --> 00:37:27,720 of smaller size stones within the enclosures are all 753 00:37:27,720 --> 00:37:31,290 destroyed and leveled up by the encroachment of the sea. 754 00:37:31,290 --> 00:37:34,380 These structures lie to depth of seven to 10 meters 755 00:37:34,380 --> 00:37:37,860 below the present mean sea level indicating a rise 756 00:37:37,860 --> 00:37:42,860 of 10 meters in sea level during the last 3,600 years. 757 00:37:43,470 --> 00:37:45,300 In the opinion of some researchers, 758 00:37:45,300 --> 00:37:47,580 the rise in sea level mentioned by Dr. 759 00:37:47,580 --> 00:37:51,540 Rao seems to indicate that ancient de vaca was destroyed 760 00:37:51,540 --> 00:37:53,190 by a great flood. 761 00:37:53,190 --> 00:37:56,130 Indeed, for some archeological proof of the existence 762 00:37:56,130 --> 00:37:59,375 of the de vaca and its submergence perhaps in the second 763 00:37:59,375 --> 00:38:02,130 millennium, BC reflects the truth 764 00:38:02,130 --> 00:38:05,040 of the descriptions in the Maha harta. 765 00:38:05,040 --> 00:38:08,700 For them, the fines would make the Maha Harta not merely a 766 00:38:08,700 --> 00:38:10,320 book of myths and legends, 767 00:38:10,320 --> 00:38:13,710 but to some extent a genuine account of past events. 768 00:38:15,090 --> 00:38:18,030 In September, 2019, it seemed that final proof 769 00:38:18,030 --> 00:38:21,870 for the wonderful architectural achievements of ancient deca 770 00:38:21,870 --> 00:38:25,380 have been discovered underwater of modern dwana. 771 00:38:25,380 --> 00:38:26,610 A Twitter user going 772 00:38:26,610 --> 00:38:31,320 by the name at jks shared four sensational photos 773 00:38:31,320 --> 00:38:34,115 showing Ornately decorated underwater sculptures 774 00:38:34,115 --> 00:38:37,870 and structures with one resembling a temple tower. 775 00:38:37,870 --> 00:38:41,945 There was a claim accompanying the image which stated Shri 776 00:38:41,945 --> 00:38:45,310 kna daka the sunken city in Gujarat 777 00:38:45,310 --> 00:38:47,620 as described in the Moab Harta. 778 00:38:47,620 --> 00:38:51,430 It is real, yet the Christian world says there is no proof. 779 00:38:51,430 --> 00:38:54,940 The tweet was retweeted over 1500 times. 780 00:38:55,780 --> 00:38:59,320 However, subsequent research into the four images reveal the 781 00:38:59,320 --> 00:39:01,060 falseness of the claim. 782 00:39:01,060 --> 00:39:03,250 One image showing the sculpture of a lion 783 00:39:03,250 --> 00:39:06,190 with its left paw resting on a ball was traced 784 00:39:06,190 --> 00:39:09,250 to an underwater memorial reef near Ki bisque 785 00:39:09,250 --> 00:39:10,690 in Miami, Florida. 786 00:39:10,690 --> 00:39:13,330 It is the largest manmade reef in the world 787 00:39:13,330 --> 00:39:15,460 and contains two statues of lions 788 00:39:15,460 --> 00:39:17,800 to mark the entrance to the site. 789 00:39:17,800 --> 00:39:18,915 It is a photo of one 790 00:39:18,915 --> 00:39:21,820 of these lions which was used on Twitter as proof 791 00:39:21,820 --> 00:39:24,610 of new discoveries from ancient draca. 792 00:39:24,610 --> 00:39:26,650 The three other images were also traced 793 00:39:26,650 --> 00:39:28,840 to various other online sources, 794 00:39:28,840 --> 00:39:32,200 including various Photoshopped composite images using 795 00:39:32,200 --> 00:39:35,680 various temple remains collected from all over the world. 796 00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:37,185 Consequently, it's obvious 797 00:39:37,185 --> 00:39:39,795 that the images used on Twitter have no connection 798 00:39:39,795 --> 00:39:42,730 whatsoever to ancient daka. 799 00:39:42,730 --> 00:39:43,815 Indeed, the whole claim 800 00:39:43,815 --> 00:39:45,940 of a submerged civilization off the coast 801 00:39:45,940 --> 00:39:50,530 of daka dating back 9,000 years rests on extremely shaky 802 00:39:50,530 --> 00:39:53,950 grounds in the media accounts of the discoveries. 803 00:39:53,950 --> 00:39:57,190 The claim of the city being 9,000 years old is based 804 00:39:57,190 --> 00:40:00,040 entirely on one radiocarbon date from a single piece 805 00:40:00,040 --> 00:40:01,750 of wood, but this piece 806 00:40:01,750 --> 00:40:04,540 of wood could very easily have belonged to a tree 807 00:40:04,540 --> 00:40:07,840 that existed prior to these underwater remains. 808 00:40:07,840 --> 00:40:11,860 No other object from the excavation has actually been dated. 809 00:40:11,860 --> 00:40:13,120 Experts have pointed out 810 00:40:13,120 --> 00:40:16,480 that the area in which remains have been found has huge 811 00:40:16,480 --> 00:40:19,185 tidal movements, which would've moved artifacts 812 00:40:19,185 --> 00:40:22,360 and even structures around perhaps many miles from their 813 00:40:22,360 --> 00:40:24,340 original locations. 814 00:40:24,340 --> 00:40:27,370 Furthermore, many of these stone objects found seem 815 00:40:27,370 --> 00:40:30,160 to be geo facts rather than artifacts 816 00:40:30,160 --> 00:40:34,720 and is natural objects made by water and sand erosion. 817 00:40:34,720 --> 00:40:38,895 The argument that there's a submerged 9,000 Euros di raca in 818 00:40:38,895 --> 00:40:40,990 the area is based on the premise 819 00:40:40,990 --> 00:40:43,990 that a submerged coastal settlement could only have been 820 00:40:43,990 --> 00:40:46,425 built when sea levels were much lower and 821 00:40:46,425 --> 00:40:48,280 therefore could only have been built 822 00:40:48,280 --> 00:40:51,970 before the end of the last ice age around 10,000 years ago. 823 00:41:22,905 --> 00:41:23,950 The question of when 824 00:41:23,950 --> 00:41:25,000 and how the continent 825 00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:28,065 of Australia was first populated has always been a bit 826 00:41:28,065 --> 00:41:30,250 of a puzzle to archeologists, 827 00:41:30,250 --> 00:41:32,860 but recently some new light has been shed on the 828 00:41:33,890 --> 00:41:37,400 an international team of archeologists, geographers, 829 00:41:37,400 --> 00:41:41,000 ecologists and computer scientists mapped the probable 830 00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:44,120 superhighways that led to the first people 831 00:41:44,120 --> 00:41:46,910 of the Australian continent around 50,000 832 00:41:46,910 --> 00:41:49,310 to 70,000 years ago. 833 00:41:49,310 --> 00:41:52,910 The team generated a fascinating map which reveals these 834 00:41:52,910 --> 00:41:55,280 migration superhighways traversed 835 00:41:55,280 --> 00:41:57,440 by early humans in Australia, 836 00:41:57,440 --> 00:42:00,320 which mysteriously bear striking similarities 837 00:42:00,320 --> 00:42:02,930 to Australia's modern highways and stock route. 838 00:42:08,720 --> 00:42:11,720 Some researchers have also suggested a connection 839 00:42:11,720 --> 00:42:14,390 between these newly discovered superhighways 840 00:42:14,390 --> 00:42:17,180 and the mysterious aboriginal dreaming tracks. 841 00:42:18,050 --> 00:42:20,990 Over the years, there have been many theories about 842 00:42:20,990 --> 00:42:24,620 where the indigenous ancestors first settled in Australia 843 00:42:24,620 --> 00:42:26,690 tens of thousands of years ago, 844 00:42:26,690 --> 00:42:30,470 but evidence for this activity is extremely scarce. 845 00:42:30,470 --> 00:42:31,670 Only a very small number 846 00:42:31,670 --> 00:42:35,570 of archeological sites date from these early times when sea 847 00:42:35,570 --> 00:42:36,950 levels were much lower 848 00:42:36,950 --> 00:42:39,770 and Northern Australia was joined by Landbridge 849 00:42:39,770 --> 00:42:43,760 to present day Southern New Guinea and Eastern Indonesia, 850 00:42:43,760 --> 00:42:45,380 and people and animals were able 851 00:42:45,380 --> 00:42:47,810 to walk at various times across the 852 00:42:47,810 --> 00:42:49,850 Tasmania from the mainland. 853 00:42:49,850 --> 00:42:52,370 This mega continent known as Sahu 854 00:42:52,370 --> 00:42:55,430 was 30% larger than Australia is today. 855 00:42:56,360 --> 00:42:59,960 One of these early archeological sites was at the now Dry 856 00:42:59,960 --> 00:43:03,230 Lake MGO in Western New South Wales. 857 00:43:03,230 --> 00:43:06,050 Here in 1968 Earth, 858 00:43:06,050 --> 00:43:08,630 Jim Bola uncovered the cremated remains 859 00:43:08,630 --> 00:43:11,930 of an aboriginal woman in an eroding dune close 860 00:43:11,930 --> 00:43:13,820 to the shoreline of the lake. 861 00:43:13,820 --> 00:43:18,230 In 1974, the ancient remains of a man were found nearby. 862 00:43:18,230 --> 00:43:20,870 Both of these remains now called Mgo Lady 863 00:43:20,870 --> 00:43:23,240 and MGO man were found to date back 864 00:43:23,240 --> 00:43:25,820 to staggering 40,000 years, 865 00:43:25,820 --> 00:43:27,950 thus doubling scientific estimates of 866 00:43:27,950 --> 00:43:31,670 how long aboriginal people had lived in Australia. 867 00:43:31,670 --> 00:43:34,340 The amazing discoveries at Lake Mgo reveal 868 00:43:34,340 --> 00:43:38,300 that Aboriginal history stretched back at times so remote 869 00:43:38,300 --> 00:43:41,060 that the only humans in Europe when Neanderthals 870 00:43:41,060 --> 00:43:43,400 and people had not yet reached America. 871 00:43:44,480 --> 00:43:47,510 By about 70,000 years ago, modern humans, 872 00:43:47,510 --> 00:43:51,350 homo sapiens began moving into Southeast Asia 873 00:43:51,350 --> 00:43:54,115 where they would probably have encountered existing groups 874 00:43:54,115 --> 00:43:59,000 of archaic humans like Homoerectus Homo Florensis 875 00:43:59,000 --> 00:44:00,890 often referred to as the hobbits 876 00:44:00,890 --> 00:44:04,460 and possibly also the mysterious Dennis Os. 877 00:44:04,460 --> 00:44:07,765 In May, 2021, it was announced that researchers had 878 00:44:07,765 --> 00:44:09,200 to use supercomputers 879 00:44:09,200 --> 00:44:12,920 to simulate 125 billion possible travel routes 880 00:44:12,920 --> 00:44:16,070 and reconstruct the most likely super highways. 881 00:44:16,070 --> 00:44:18,530 The first humans to arrive in Australia used 882 00:44:18,530 --> 00:44:23,480 to navigate across this new land more than 65,000 years ago. 883 00:44:23,480 --> 00:44:25,250 The international team of scientists 884 00:44:25,250 --> 00:44:27,230 who undertook the research was led 885 00:44:27,230 --> 00:44:30,680 by researchers from the Australian Research Council Center 886 00:44:30,680 --> 00:44:33,810 of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity 887 00:44:33,810 --> 00:44:35,730 and Heritage Kabar, 888 00:44:35,730 --> 00:44:39,090 and recently revealed some of their methods to the press. 889 00:44:39,090 --> 00:44:42,960 They said, we think people navigated in new territories much 890 00:44:42,960 --> 00:44:44,430 as people do today 891 00:44:44,430 --> 00:44:47,430 by focusing on prominent land features protruding 892 00:44:47,430 --> 00:44:51,120 above the relative flatness of the Australian continent. 893 00:44:51,120 --> 00:44:52,470 To map these features, 894 00:44:52,470 --> 00:44:55,470 we built the most complete digital elevation model 895 00:44:55,470 --> 00:45:00,150 for sahu ever constructed, including areas now underwater. 896 00:45:00,150 --> 00:45:03,395 We used this digital elevation model to understand 897 00:45:03,395 --> 00:45:05,790 what was visible to early travelers, 898 00:45:05,790 --> 00:45:08,490 essentially from each point in the continent. 899 00:45:08,490 --> 00:45:11,250 We asked what can you see from here? 900 00:45:11,250 --> 00:45:14,190 This moving window calculates the largest view shed 901 00:45:14,190 --> 00:45:15,780 map ever created. 902 00:45:15,780 --> 00:45:17,550 When our virtual travelers move, 903 00:45:17,550 --> 00:45:20,855 they reorient based on visible terrain everywhere they 904 00:45:20,855 --> 00:45:22,980 go for their work. 905 00:45:22,980 --> 00:45:25,860 The researchers created an imaginary traveler, 906 00:45:25,860 --> 00:45:29,760 a 25-year-old woman carrying 10 kilograms of supplies 907 00:45:29,760 --> 00:45:31,740 to traverse the landscape. 908 00:45:31,740 --> 00:45:33,510 They collected all the various pieces 909 00:45:33,510 --> 00:45:37,020 of data they accumulated into a mega model known 910 00:45:37,020 --> 00:45:40,320 as from everywhere to everywhere fate, 911 00:45:40,320 --> 00:45:44,910 and created over 125 billion possible pathways from every 912 00:45:44,910 --> 00:45:48,030 spot on the continent to everywhere else. 913 00:45:48,030 --> 00:45:50,190 Each route represented the easiest way 914 00:45:50,190 --> 00:45:52,650 to move from one location to another. 915 00:45:52,650 --> 00:45:55,685 Obviously, the researchers could not possibly examine every 916 00:45:55,685 --> 00:45:59,910 path of the 125 billion pathways that they had created, 917 00:45:59,910 --> 00:46:01,410 so they reduced the number 918 00:46:01,410 --> 00:46:05,400 by comparing all plausible pathways with the distribution 919 00:46:05,400 --> 00:46:08,490 of the oldest known archeological sites on the ancient 920 00:46:08,490 --> 00:46:12,690 continent providing weighted possibilities for each path. 921 00:46:12,690 --> 00:46:14,220 This work produced a scale 922 00:46:14,220 --> 00:46:16,920 of pathways going from the most likely 923 00:46:16,920 --> 00:46:19,380 to the least likely chosen paths. 924 00:46:19,380 --> 00:46:22,410 The most likely pathways in the map above are 925 00:46:22,410 --> 00:46:25,380 what the research has called the superhighways 926 00:46:25,380 --> 00:46:28,710 of the first indigenous populations on the continent. 927 00:46:29,760 --> 00:46:32,730 The team's conclusion drawn from their computer generated 928 00:46:32,730 --> 00:46:36,300 maps is that the early populations spread across the now 929 00:46:36,300 --> 00:46:38,730 submerged wide plains on the western 930 00:46:38,730 --> 00:46:40,920 and eastern margins of the continent 931 00:46:40,920 --> 00:46:43,920 and through to the region that now forms the Gulf 932 00:46:43,920 --> 00:46:45,390 of Carpentaria, 933 00:46:45,390 --> 00:46:47,550 the large shallow sea which now connects 934 00:46:47,550 --> 00:46:49,800 Australia to New Guinea. 935 00:46:49,800 --> 00:46:52,205 The nagging question of whether there was evidence 936 00:46:52,205 --> 00:46:55,440 that anyone had actually used these computer identified 937 00:46:55,440 --> 00:46:58,080 highways in the remote past was soon answered 938 00:46:58,080 --> 00:46:59,760 by their research. 939 00:46:59,760 --> 00:47:02,910 A large number of archeological sites in Australia known 940 00:47:02,910 --> 00:47:06,660 to be at least 35,000 years old were located on 941 00:47:06,660 --> 00:47:08,730 or near these superhighways, 942 00:47:08,730 --> 00:47:10,860 and many tracks also coincided 943 00:47:10,860 --> 00:47:13,980 with ancient trade routes known from the oral histories 944 00:47:13,980 --> 00:47:17,010 of the indigenous people or agreed with genetic 945 00:47:17,010 --> 00:47:21,840 and linguistic studies used to trace early human migrations, 946 00:47:21,840 --> 00:47:24,900 but these superhighways may well have been much more than 947 00:47:24,900 --> 00:47:27,030 roots used for the initial peeing of Saul. 948 00:47:27,960 --> 00:47:30,370 A number of these super identified 949 00:47:30,370 --> 00:47:33,490 by the research team follow well-known aboriginal trade 950 00:47:33,490 --> 00:47:35,620 routes which cross the country. 951 00:47:35,620 --> 00:47:37,870 These include the route from Cape York 952 00:47:37,870 --> 00:47:41,565 to South Australia via Birdsville used by traders 953 00:47:41,565 --> 00:47:43,840 of Peturi native tobacco 954 00:47:43,840 --> 00:47:46,870 and the trade of Kimberley Baylor Shell into 955 00:47:46,870 --> 00:47:48,790 central Australia. 956 00:47:48,790 --> 00:47:50,565 There are also obvious similarities 957 00:47:50,565 --> 00:47:53,410 between the researchers' map of ancient highways 958 00:47:53,410 --> 00:47:55,060 and the most common trading 959 00:47:55,060 --> 00:47:57,610 and stock routes used by early Europeans, 960 00:47:57,610 --> 00:47:58,660 which is not surprising 961 00:47:58,660 --> 00:48:01,305 as they followed established routes long used 962 00:48:01,305 --> 00:48:02,950 by the aboriginal peoples. 963 00:48:04,030 --> 00:48:07,240 The researchers' groundbreaking work on the Superhighways 964 00:48:07,240 --> 00:48:11,230 has impressed the archeological community archeologist Kyle 965 00:48:11,230 --> 00:48:13,180 Bachinski of the University of Montana. 966 00:48:13,180 --> 00:48:17,110 Ms. Ula said this is a really compelling illustration 967 00:48:17,110 --> 00:48:20,895 of the power of using these simulation techniques at a huge 968 00:48:20,895 --> 00:48:22,210 continental scale. 969 00:48:22,210 --> 00:48:25,150 To understand how people navigate landscapes, 970 00:48:25,150 --> 00:48:27,490 its impressive extreme computing. 971 00:48:28,510 --> 00:48:31,395 One intriguing aspect of this new research is 972 00:48:31,395 --> 00:48:33,225 that it has revealed major roots 973 00:48:33,225 --> 00:48:37,000 that cut across several dry areas in Australia's center 974 00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:40,120 and in the northeastern state of Queensland. 975 00:48:40,120 --> 00:48:43,360 The existence of paths in such locations would appear 976 00:48:43,360 --> 00:48:45,400 to challenge the long held view 977 00:48:45,400 --> 00:48:47,260 that the earliest people on the continent 978 00:48:47,260 --> 00:48:49,270 avoided the deserts. 979 00:48:49,270 --> 00:48:51,040 Kabar deputy director, 980 00:48:51,040 --> 00:48:55,180 distinguished professor Sean Umm from James Cook University 981 00:48:55,180 --> 00:48:56,565 commented on the importance 982 00:48:56,565 --> 00:48:59,800 of the research team's work in revealing the significance 983 00:48:59,800 --> 00:49:03,400 of landscape to the native inhabitants of the continent. 984 00:49:03,400 --> 00:49:06,520 He said, Australia is not only the driest, 985 00:49:06,520 --> 00:49:09,850 but also the flattest populated continent on earth. 986 00:49:09,850 --> 00:49:12,940 Our research shows that prominent landscape features 987 00:49:12,940 --> 00:49:16,240 and water sources were critical for people to navigate 988 00:49:16,240 --> 00:49:18,220 and survive on the continent. 989 00:49:18,220 --> 00:49:20,140 In many aboriginal societies, 990 00:49:20,140 --> 00:49:22,750 landscape features are believed to being created 991 00:49:22,750 --> 00:49:25,780 by ancestral beings during the dreaming. 992 00:49:25,780 --> 00:49:28,540 Every ridge line, hill river, beach 993 00:49:28,540 --> 00:49:31,240 and water source is named storied 994 00:49:31,240 --> 00:49:33,285 and inscribed into the very fabric 995 00:49:33,285 --> 00:49:36,790 of societies emphasizing the intimate relationship 996 00:49:36,790 --> 00:49:39,010 between people and place. 997 00:49:39,010 --> 00:49:41,320 The landscape is literally woven into people's 998 00:49:41,320 --> 00:49:43,120 lives and their histories. 999 00:49:43,120 --> 00:49:44,950 It seems that these relationships 1000 00:49:44,950 --> 00:49:47,530 between people in the country probably date back 1001 00:49:47,530 --> 00:49:50,440 to the earliest people of the continent. 1002 00:49:50,440 --> 00:49:52,750 This quote brings in a question of a connection 1003 00:49:52,750 --> 00:49:55,600 between these newly revealed superhighways 1004 00:49:55,600 --> 00:49:58,930 and aboriginal dreaming tracks to the aborigines. 1005 00:49:58,930 --> 00:50:02,290 A dreaming track or songline as it is also known, 1006 00:50:02,290 --> 00:50:03,340 is a route taken 1007 00:50:03,340 --> 00:50:06,940 by ancestral heroes in the dream time in which all 1008 00:50:06,940 --> 00:50:09,160 aboriginal culture has its roots and 1009 00:50:09,160 --> 00:50:12,730 before, which in their minds the earth did not exist. 1010 00:50:12,730 --> 00:50:14,830 As with the ancient super highways, 1011 00:50:14,830 --> 00:50:16,660 these mostly invisible paths 1012 00:50:16,660 --> 00:50:20,650 or tracks usually connect aboriginal sacred sites in the 1013 00:50:20,650 --> 00:50:22,060 dream time, groups 1014 00:50:22,060 --> 00:50:24,790 of ancestral beings journeyed across the land, 1015 00:50:24,790 --> 00:50:28,340 performing mighty deeds and creating living species 1016 00:50:28,340 --> 00:50:30,500 and features of the desert landscape. 1017 00:50:30,500 --> 00:50:33,620 The adventure of these ancestors also referred to 1018 00:50:33,620 --> 00:50:38,180 as totemic ancestors are chronicled in sacred songs, stories 1019 00:50:38,180 --> 00:50:39,200 and rituals. 1020 00:50:40,070 --> 00:50:43,250 These totemic ancestors also establish the rules 1021 00:50:43,250 --> 00:50:48,110 of aboriginal religion, law, moral systems, and social life. 1022 00:50:48,110 --> 00:50:51,560 In the mind of the Aborigines dream, time is a true record 1023 00:50:51,560 --> 00:50:53,480 of how the landscape was formed, 1024 00:50:53,480 --> 00:50:56,300 a landscape which is still inhabited by the spirits 1025 00:50:56,300 --> 00:50:58,160 of their ancestor beings. 1026 00:50:58,160 --> 00:51:01,790 By reenacting the myths in the dream time in song story 1027 00:51:01,790 --> 00:51:05,990 and ceremony, the Aborigines keep their ancestors rules 1028 00:51:05,990 --> 00:51:08,780 believe some relationships with the landscape alive, 1029 00:51:09,830 --> 00:51:11,330 the massive rock form 1030 00:51:11,330 --> 00:51:15,830 of heir's rock Uluru in the local Angu language is an 1031 00:51:15,830 --> 00:51:19,885 isolated sandstone outcrop rising 1,140 feet 1032 00:51:19,885 --> 00:51:22,970 above the red desert plain in the northern territory 1033 00:51:22,970 --> 00:51:27,770 of central Australia, 208 miles southwest of Alice Springs. 1034 00:51:27,770 --> 00:51:31,490 This sacred place is seen by the Anangu as a living record 1035 00:51:31,490 --> 00:51:34,430 of the dream time activities of their ancestors 1036 00:51:34,430 --> 00:51:36,890 and the appearance and origin of every feature 1037 00:51:36,890 --> 00:51:40,075 of the giant rock is present on the mental map carried 1038 00:51:40,075 --> 00:51:42,890 around by the Anangu people of the area. 1039 00:51:42,890 --> 00:51:46,340 One reason why the local Anangu population refer tourists 1040 00:51:46,340 --> 00:51:49,855 not to climb the rock is that the hiking path crosses one 1041 00:51:49,855 --> 00:51:53,570 of the many traditional dreaming tracks on the site. 1042 00:51:53,570 --> 00:51:56,090 Hopefully future work on possible connections 1043 00:51:56,090 --> 00:51:58,490 between these fascinating super highways 1044 00:51:58,490 --> 00:52:01,430 and aboriginal dreaming tracks might reveal important 1045 00:52:01,430 --> 00:52:04,370 insights into the spiritual nature of both. 1046 00:52:19,040 --> 00:52:21,740 During the drought which resulted from the unusually hot 1047 00:52:21,740 --> 00:52:24,320 summer of 2019, the shoreline 1048 00:52:24,320 --> 00:52:27,980 of the Tanus River in central Spain receded revealing a 1049 00:52:27,980 --> 00:52:31,400 6,000 year old circular monument in the middle 1050 00:52:31,400 --> 00:52:35,390 of the Val Decans reservoir known as the Dolman 1051 00:52:35,390 --> 00:52:36,680 of Guap. 1052 00:52:36,680 --> 00:52:38,600 This megalithic monument consists 1053 00:52:38,600 --> 00:52:41,690 of more than a hundred standing granite stones, some up 1054 00:52:41,690 --> 00:52:46,430 to six feet tall, arranged in an 85 foot diameter circle. 1055 00:52:46,430 --> 00:52:48,050 Some researchers believe that one 1056 00:52:48,050 --> 00:52:49,910 of the stones in the monument has 1057 00:52:49,910 --> 00:52:53,120 what may be the world's oldest map carved on it, 1058 00:52:53,120 --> 00:52:55,430 but who built it and what was it used for? 1059 00:52:56,360 --> 00:53:00,140 The discovery of the monument in 1963, 1060 00:53:00,140 --> 00:53:03,800 a megalithic monument known as the domen of qual peral, 1061 00:53:03,800 --> 00:53:06,170 which stood on the banks of the Tegu River, 1062 00:53:06,170 --> 00:53:07,820 disappeared under the water 1063 00:53:07,820 --> 00:53:10,640 of the newly constructed reservoir, northeast 1064 00:53:10,640 --> 00:53:12,650 of Extremadura, a region 1065 00:53:12,650 --> 00:53:16,460 of western Spain bordering Portugal on its western side. 1066 00:53:16,460 --> 00:53:18,650 After the construction only the tips 1067 00:53:18,650 --> 00:53:21,080 of the largest megaliths were occasionally visible 1068 00:53:21,080 --> 00:53:22,580 above the waterline. 1069 00:53:22,580 --> 00:53:26,100 Surprisingly, there seems to be no outcry at the submergence 1070 00:53:26,100 --> 00:53:29,370 of this ancient monument, certainly nowhere near the level 1071 00:53:29,370 --> 00:53:32,130 of the reaction of archeologists, historians 1072 00:53:32,130 --> 00:53:34,110 and the public if the government planned 1073 00:53:34,110 --> 00:53:35,670 to do something similar today, 1074 00:53:36,510 --> 00:53:40,230 but the dolman of Guadal Peral is far from being the only 1075 00:53:40,230 --> 00:53:41,850 ancient monument in Spain, 1076 00:53:41,850 --> 00:53:45,030 which has become submerged over the last few decades. 1077 00:53:45,030 --> 00:53:49,260 Spanish archeologist Priva Bueno Ramirez commented 1078 00:53:49,260 --> 00:53:52,560 that you couldn't believe how many authentic archeological 1079 00:53:52,560 --> 00:53:56,190 and historic gems are submerged under Spain's manmade lakes. 1080 00:53:57,060 --> 00:53:59,220 Enrique Carillo Za, 1081 00:53:59,220 --> 00:54:02,165 a researcher from the Spanish National Research Council 1082 00:54:02,165 --> 00:54:06,120 added We know Dolman submerged in reservoirs in other points 1083 00:54:06,120 --> 00:54:08,820 of the Tegu such as Gu Ansil, 1084 00:54:08,820 --> 00:54:13,590 a few kilometers downstream from the Guadal Peral in 2019. 1085 00:54:13,590 --> 00:54:15,095 It was revealed in the media 1086 00:54:15,095 --> 00:54:18,510 that Spain's extremely dry summer had caused the waters 1087 00:54:18,510 --> 00:54:22,530 of Val Decans reservoir to recede, uncovering the dolman, 1088 00:54:22,530 --> 00:54:25,770 which had largely been forgotten about by local inhabitants. 1089 00:54:26,700 --> 00:54:29,315 Angel Castano, resident of a nearby village 1090 00:54:29,315 --> 00:54:30,870 and president of a local history 1091 00:54:30,870 --> 00:54:33,870 and cultural society said of the discovery. 1092 00:54:33,870 --> 00:54:37,440 All my life people have told me about the Dolman. 1093 00:54:37,440 --> 00:54:40,290 I'd seen parts of it peeking out from the water before, 1094 00:54:40,290 --> 00:54:43,080 but this is the first time I've seen it in full. 1095 00:54:43,080 --> 00:54:45,395 It's spectacular because you can appreciate the 1096 00:54:45,395 --> 00:54:46,650 entire complex. 1097 00:54:46,650 --> 00:54:48,780 For the first time in decades, 1098 00:54:48,780 --> 00:54:51,540 we grew up hearing about the legend of the treasure hidden 1099 00:54:51,540 --> 00:54:55,410 beneath the lake, and now we can finally get to view them. 1100 00:54:55,410 --> 00:54:57,390 There certainly may have been treasures buried 1101 00:54:57,390 --> 00:54:59,520 beneath the stones once upon a time, 1102 00:54:59,520 --> 00:55:03,540 but for us now, the treasure are the stones themselves. 1103 00:55:03,540 --> 00:55:06,065 Unfortunately, the submergence in water for 1104 00:55:06,065 --> 00:55:08,730 so long has damaged parts of the monument. 1105 00:55:08,730 --> 00:55:10,080 The engravings on one 1106 00:55:10,080 --> 00:55:13,770 of the poorest granite stones have eroded other show signs 1107 00:55:13,770 --> 00:55:16,170 of erosion to and have fallen over 1108 00:55:16,170 --> 00:55:19,050 or already beginning to split. 1109 00:55:19,050 --> 00:55:22,980 The dalman had first been excavated between 1925 1110 00:55:22,980 --> 00:55:27,780 and 1927 by German archeologist Hugo Obermeyer, 1111 00:55:27,780 --> 00:55:30,150 but it wasn't until four decades later 1112 00:55:30,150 --> 00:55:32,700 that Obermeyer report on his excavations 1113 00:55:32,700 --> 00:55:35,550 of the ancient structure was finally published. 1114 00:55:35,550 --> 00:55:38,370 The excavations also uncovered artifacts thought 1115 00:55:38,370 --> 00:55:40,710 to have been used by the builders of the monument, 1116 00:55:40,710 --> 00:55:42,815 which suggested that they had lived nearby 1117 00:55:42,815 --> 00:55:44,160 during its construction. 1118 00:55:44,160 --> 00:55:46,380 The site would've been created over thousands 1119 00:55:46,380 --> 00:55:50,400 of years using granite transported from kilometers away 1120 00:55:50,400 --> 00:55:51,630 like stone hege. 1121 00:55:51,630 --> 00:55:54,990 The mega list formed a sun temple and burial ground. 1122 00:55:54,990 --> 00:55:56,610 They seemed to have religious 1123 00:55:56,610 --> 00:55:59,700 but also economic purpose being at one of the few points 1124 00:55:59,700 --> 00:56:02,160 of the river where it was possible to cross, 1125 00:56:02,160 --> 00:56:04,140 so it was a sort of trading hub. 1126 00:56:05,010 --> 00:56:07,290 The dalman of the Gu peral consists 1127 00:56:07,290 --> 00:56:10,145 of about 140 granite boulders, the highest 1128 00:56:10,145 --> 00:56:13,140 of which reached 6.6 feet in height, 1129 00:56:13,140 --> 00:56:17,220 arranged in an 80 foot five diameter concentric circle. 1130 00:56:17,220 --> 00:56:19,560 Archeologists believe like castano 1131 00:56:19,560 --> 00:56:22,590 that the monument was probably used as both a temple 1132 00:56:22,590 --> 00:56:27,590 and a between 4,020 500 BC 1133 00:56:27,700 --> 00:56:30,970 at an early stage in its development, the monument consisted 1134 00:56:30,970 --> 00:56:34,395 of toll upright stones known as meas, which were topped 1135 00:56:34,395 --> 00:56:36,310 by horizontal slabs of stone. 1136 00:56:36,310 --> 00:56:40,210 To form an enclosed single chamber tomb known as a dolman, 1137 00:56:40,210 --> 00:56:43,810 an engraved mere stood at the structure's entrance, 1138 00:56:43,810 --> 00:56:46,960 an ancient map, the engraved stone at the entrance 1139 00:56:46,960 --> 00:56:49,750 of the dalman of Gudo Paral has become the source 1140 00:56:49,750 --> 00:56:52,480 of much controversy in recent months. 1141 00:56:52,480 --> 00:56:55,780 The stone bears an engraving of a human figure on one side 1142 00:56:55,780 --> 00:56:58,900 and on the other, a wavy symbol which could represent a 1143 00:56:58,900 --> 00:57:01,935 snake or perhaps the nearby Tuss River. 1144 00:57:01,935 --> 00:57:05,080 Angar. Castano believes the winding line on the stone 1145 00:57:05,080 --> 00:57:07,900 represents what would've been the world's first map. 1146 00:57:07,900 --> 00:57:10,630 He believes that the curves may correspond to the meanders 1147 00:57:10,630 --> 00:57:11,980 of the Tuss river 1148 00:57:11,980 --> 00:57:15,130 and may have been used as a guide to navigate it. 1149 00:57:15,130 --> 00:57:18,640 The Tuss River is the longest river on the Iberian peninsula 1150 00:57:18,640 --> 00:57:23,640 flowing 626 miles generally in a western direction 1151 00:57:23,650 --> 00:57:26,770 up until the Roman period, it's believed that the area 1152 00:57:26,770 --> 00:57:30,430 where the dolman of Gu Paal is located was the only natural 1153 00:57:30,430 --> 00:57:31,630 Ford on the river. 1154 00:57:31,630 --> 00:57:33,580 Hence, its vital importance. 1155 00:57:33,580 --> 00:57:37,030 Indeed, the presence of numerous ancient remains in the area 1156 00:57:37,030 --> 00:57:39,340 testifies to this importance. 1157 00:57:39,340 --> 00:57:43,450 The ancient Roman city of August Riga stood here, 1158 00:57:43,450 --> 00:57:46,660 but like the dalman of Guana Peral was submerged 1159 00:57:46,660 --> 00:57:50,590 by water in the early 1960s when the Val de Kashia 1160 00:57:50,590 --> 00:57:51,730 reservoir was built. 1161 00:57:52,870 --> 00:57:56,560 Other extra Mada Ds the region 1162 00:57:56,560 --> 00:58:00,370 of extra madora possesses many other prehistoric monuments 1163 00:58:00,370 --> 00:58:03,490 including Dolmans, extremely similar in design to 1164 00:58:03,490 --> 00:58:05,350 that at Gudo Paral. 1165 00:58:05,350 --> 00:58:08,410 Indeed, there are 41 examples in a small area 1166 00:58:08,410 --> 00:58:11,320 around the towns of Valencia Di Kant 1167 00:58:11,320 --> 00:58:15,910 and San Vicente Kant in Western, extra madora close 1168 00:58:15,910 --> 00:58:17,710 to the Portuguese border. 1169 00:58:17,710 --> 00:58:19,870 Indeed, it contains the largest collection 1170 00:58:19,870 --> 00:58:22,510 of DO mens in the Iberian peninsula. 1171 00:58:22,510 --> 00:58:26,205 33 of these monuments are constructed in granite while eight 1172 00:58:26,205 --> 00:58:28,240 were made using slate. 1173 00:58:28,240 --> 00:58:31,360 The dome de Zo is located in the village 1174 00:58:31,360 --> 00:58:36,340 of Senya Dal Brega in the province of CRE in Spain. 1175 00:58:36,340 --> 00:58:38,680 It's one of the only do mens in extra Mada 1176 00:58:38,680 --> 00:58:40,185 where the chamber is still covered 1177 00:58:40,185 --> 00:58:42,910 by its original overhanging capstone. 1178 00:58:42,910 --> 00:58:45,550 The granite slab doman has an oval chamber 1179 00:58:45,550 --> 00:58:48,310 and consists of eight supporting stones, some 1180 00:58:48,310 --> 00:58:51,880 of which are unfortunately broken, but prehistoric do. 1181 00:58:51,880 --> 00:58:54,610 Mens are not confined to the Iberian Peninsula. 1182 00:58:54,610 --> 00:58:57,700 They're found in a variety of places throughout the world. 1183 00:58:57,700 --> 00:59:01,000 The highest concentration of DO mens is in northwest Europe, 1184 00:59:01,000 --> 00:59:04,990 especially in Britain, France, Southwestern Scandinavia, 1185 00:59:04,990 --> 00:59:08,290 Britain, Ireland, Belgium, and the Netherlands. 1186 00:59:08,290 --> 00:59:11,740 They're also known from parts of Africa and Asia. 1187 00:59:11,740 --> 00:59:14,530 The DO mens of Northwest Europe were built in the early 1188 00:59:14,530 --> 00:59:18,940 Neolithic period, which began in Britain about 5,000 BC 1189 00:59:18,940 --> 00:59:20,295 and in Britain, Ireland 1190 00:59:20,295 --> 00:59:23,840 and southern Scandinavia about 4,000 bc. 1191 00:59:23,840 --> 00:59:26,420 The Breon word Doman was originally used 1192 00:59:26,420 --> 00:59:27,530 to describe a variety 1193 00:59:27,530 --> 00:59:30,145 of megalithic monuments all over the world, but 1194 00:59:30,145 --> 00:59:33,020 although there is considerable diversity in the monument 1195 00:59:33,020 --> 00:59:36,055 types, they're nevertheless share many common 1196 00:59:36,055 --> 00:59:37,550 characteristics. 1197 00:59:37,550 --> 00:59:39,980 Old dolmans consist of a large capstone 1198 00:59:39,980 --> 00:59:42,050 or capstones supported by a number 1199 00:59:42,050 --> 00:59:44,330 of smaller upright stones. 1200 00:59:44,330 --> 00:59:48,740 This arrangement of stones creates an enclosed chamber area. 1201 00:59:48,740 --> 00:59:50,840 Excavations have shown that the majority 1202 00:59:50,840 --> 00:59:53,540 of do mens were used for the burial of the dead. 1203 00:59:53,540 --> 00:59:55,525 In some of these monuments, the remains 1204 00:59:55,525 --> 00:59:58,370 of numerous people were discovered mixed together in a 1205 00:59:58,370 --> 01:00:00,020 communal deposit. 1206 01:00:00,020 --> 01:00:02,030 Archeologists believe these collections 1207 01:00:02,030 --> 01:00:05,210 of bones may represent ancestral remains 1208 01:00:05,210 --> 01:00:07,850 and that do mens, were not only burial sites, 1209 01:00:07,850 --> 01:00:09,560 but also primitive temples 1210 01:00:09,560 --> 01:00:11,990 where the ancestors may have been venerated. 1211 01:00:13,100 --> 01:00:14,660 One of the most puzzling aspects 1212 01:00:14,660 --> 01:00:17,630 of the do mens is the massive size of the stones, 1213 01:00:17,630 --> 01:00:19,370 particularly the capstone 1214 01:00:19,370 --> 01:00:22,040 or capstones used to construct them. 1215 01:00:22,040 --> 01:00:24,350 For some reason, the builders chose the largest 1216 01:00:24,350 --> 01:00:27,055 and heaviest stones they could find the majority 1217 01:00:27,055 --> 01:00:28,790 of which they dressed and shaped 1218 01:00:28,790 --> 01:00:30,650 before putting them in place. 1219 01:00:30,650 --> 01:00:33,890 How and why they did this is still a perplexing mystery 1220 01:00:33,890 --> 01:00:35,090 to archeologists. 1221 01:00:36,200 --> 01:00:38,180 Unfortunately, the future of the doorman 1222 01:00:38,180 --> 01:00:40,490 of Guda Paral is still uncertain. 1223 01:00:40,490 --> 01:00:44,150 Castano has organized a group of concerned local residents 1224 01:00:44,150 --> 01:00:46,880 who are campaigning to have the stone monument moved 1225 01:00:46,880 --> 01:00:50,450 to a site on dry land before the waters rise again, 1226 01:00:50,450 --> 01:00:53,060 and they are lost for who knows how long, 1227 01:00:53,060 --> 01:00:55,610 and perhaps damage beyond repair. 1228 01:00:55,610 --> 01:00:59,120 Castano explained if we miss the chance, it could be years 1229 01:00:59,120 --> 01:01:01,250 before they are revealed again, 1230 01:01:01,250 --> 01:01:03,260 and the stones, which are granite and 1231 01:01:03,260 --> 01:01:05,690 therefore porous, are already showing signs 1232 01:01:05,690 --> 01:01:07,340 of erosion and cracking. 1233 01:01:07,340 --> 01:01:10,370 So if we don't act now, it will be too late. 1234 01:01:10,370 --> 01:01:12,440 It isn't a difficult thing to move them. 1235 01:01:12,440 --> 01:01:14,720 We have machinery now to do that. 1236 01:01:14,720 --> 01:01:17,090 Let's just hope that there is the political will 1237 01:01:17,090 --> 01:01:18,530 to save them while we can. 1238 01:01:19,520 --> 01:01:22,280 Castano and his group created an online petition 1239 01:01:22,280 --> 01:01:26,870 to save the monument, which obtained over 44,000 signatures. 1240 01:01:26,870 --> 01:01:29,840 However, the Spanish ministries of culture and sport 1241 01:01:29,840 --> 01:01:31,730 and ecological transition along 1242 01:01:31,730 --> 01:01:35,185 with a team from the university of extra madura decided 1243 01:01:35,185 --> 01:01:36,380 that the transportation 1244 01:01:36,380 --> 01:01:38,660 of the megaliths would damage the doman. 1245 01:01:38,660 --> 01:01:42,560 So the doman of Guap Al remains where it is waiting 1246 01:01:42,560 --> 01:01:45,620 to be submerged once again beneath the waters 1247 01:01:45,620 --> 01:01:47,540 of the Val de Kenyas reservoir. 97265

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.