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The Guanches were the
first known inhabitants
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00:00:43,980 --> 00:00:47,790
of the Cary Islands, of the
coast of Northwestern Africa,
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00:00:47,790 --> 00:00:50,315
but their true origins
have long been a mystery
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00:00:50,315 --> 00:00:52,140
to archeologists.
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00:00:52,140 --> 00:00:54,240
They were accomplished astronomers
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00:00:54,240 --> 00:00:57,390
and for some their mummification
rituals linked them
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00:00:57,390 --> 00:00:59,190
to the ancient Egyptians.
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00:00:59,190 --> 00:01:02,340
Whilst for others their legends
suggest they could even be
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00:01:02,340 --> 00:01:05,460
surviving inhabitants of Atlantis.
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00:01:05,460 --> 00:01:08,430
New scientific evidence may
have found the truth about these
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00:01:08,430 --> 00:01:09,660
mysterious people.
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00:01:10,560 --> 00:01:13,595
Recently, archeological
excavations revealed
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00:01:13,595 --> 00:01:17,070
that the inhabitants of the
Canary Island traded with Rome
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00:01:17,070 --> 00:01:20,880
and new DNA evidence has shed
some light on the origins
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00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:21,900
of the population.
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00:01:23,940 --> 00:01:26,460
The Canary Islands are
an autonomous community
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00:01:26,460 --> 00:01:30,540
of Spain consisting of an
archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean,
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southwest of the Iberian Peninsula,
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00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:36,510
and 76 miles off the coast of Morocco.
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The eight main islands are
Tenerif flight of Ventura,
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grand Canaria, Lanzarote, la Palmer lag
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00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:46,230
El Hiro and lag.
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00:01:47,970 --> 00:01:50,100
The Canary Islands are volcanic islands
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00:01:50,100 --> 00:01:51,510
and are essentially the peaks
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00:01:51,510 --> 00:01:55,530
of a huge volcanic mountain
range now partially submerged.
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00:01:56,550 --> 00:01:58,590
The first historical record of the islands
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00:01:58,590 --> 00:02:01,685
so far discovered is from
the first century Roman
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00:02:01,685 --> 00:02:03,930
writer Pliny The Younger.
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00:02:03,930 --> 00:02:07,530
An expedition to the islands
was apparently sent by Dubber
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00:02:07,530 --> 00:02:10,170
ii, the Roman Klein king of NewMedia
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00:02:10,170 --> 00:02:13,320
and Mauritania in around 30 BC
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00:02:13,320 --> 00:02:16,050
under the Roman Catholic
Republic and Empire.
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00:02:16,050 --> 00:02:20,430
NewMedia consisted of a part
of Africa north of the Sahara,
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00:02:20,430 --> 00:02:23,820
corresponding roughly to
the modern Western Tunisia
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00:02:23,820 --> 00:02:25,890
and Eastern Algeria.
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00:02:25,890 --> 00:02:27,395
It was during this expedition
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00:02:27,395 --> 00:02:30,090
that the islands got their
name of the Canary Islands
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00:02:30,090 --> 00:02:33,120
because of the multitude
of large dogs found there.
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00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:35,310
The Roman word Canis meaning dog.
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00:02:36,180 --> 00:02:38,975
After the fall of the Roman
Empire, we hear nothing
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00:02:38,975 --> 00:02:41,160
of the islands for hundreds of years until
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00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:44,100
around a thousand AD
where the Arabs landed
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00:02:44,100 --> 00:02:47,250
and traded with the
inhabitants of Grand Canaria.
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00:02:47,250 --> 00:02:51,990
In 1150 AD the Arab
geographer Mohammed Al Idrisi
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00:02:51,990 --> 00:02:54,630
compiled the first official
account of the population
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00:02:54,630 --> 00:02:57,780
of the islands, which
consisted of short descriptions
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00:02:57,780 --> 00:02:59,770
of sailors and accounts.
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00:02:59,770 --> 00:03:04,275
At the time, during the
15th and 16th century, Spain
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00:03:04,275 --> 00:03:06,855
and Portugal began colonizing the Americas
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00:03:06,855 --> 00:03:09,490
and Africa stopping off
at the Canary Islands.
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00:03:09,490 --> 00:03:12,850
Along the way, when they
arrived on the Canary Islands,
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00:03:12,850 --> 00:03:14,470
they encountered a culture
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00:03:14,470 --> 00:03:18,430
that resembled the neolithic
cultures of prehistoric Europe.
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00:03:18,430 --> 00:03:19,870
Complete Spanish conquest
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00:03:19,870 --> 00:03:23,350
of the islands was completed in 1496
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00:03:23,350 --> 00:03:25,900
and they became a vital
Spanish base on sea
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00:03:25,900 --> 00:03:27,580
roots to the Americas.
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00:03:27,580 --> 00:03:31,395
As a result of Spanish colonization,
the diseases introduced
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00:03:31,395 --> 00:03:32,980
by the European conquerors
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00:03:32,980 --> 00:03:35,440
and the slave trade by the native Ches
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of the island chain were decimated losing
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much of their culture.
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In the process. By the 19th century,
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the Canary Islanders had even
lost their language as it came
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00:03:45,550 --> 00:03:47,980
to be replaced by Spanish.
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00:03:47,980 --> 00:03:50,140
There are still, however, some reminders
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of the once thriving culture of the Gans
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of the Canary Islands.
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00:03:54,910 --> 00:03:58,810
The Ches, the Ches were
the first known inhabitants
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00:03:58,810 --> 00:04:01,605
of the Canary Islands,
the indigenous people.
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00:04:01,605 --> 00:04:04,930
When the Spanish arrived
there in the 15th century,
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00:04:04,930 --> 00:04:06,730
they lived mainly in natural caves
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00:04:06,730 --> 00:04:09,220
or occasionally built low stone huts
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00:04:09,220 --> 00:04:11,620
and small fortifications.
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00:04:11,620 --> 00:04:13,270
The Ches lived off farming
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00:04:13,270 --> 00:04:16,840
and herding had a diet which
included milk, goat, pork,
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00:04:16,840 --> 00:04:20,170
and fruits and dressed mainly
in goat skin, leather, tunics,
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00:04:20,170 --> 00:04:22,870
and vests made of plated rushes.
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00:04:22,870 --> 00:04:24,700
Archeological research suggests
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that they were organized
in a tribal society ruled
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00:04:27,825 --> 00:04:29,260
by chieftains or kings.
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00:04:30,310 --> 00:04:32,500
The goche were not skilled sailors, and
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therefore the culture of each
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of the Canary Islands
developed differently.
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00:04:36,790 --> 00:04:38,380
In Tene, for example,
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00:04:38,380 --> 00:04:42,520
the Gus civilization was
divided into nine small kingdoms
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00:04:42,520 --> 00:04:44,110
each led by a ruling.
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00:04:44,110 --> 00:04:48,250
Mensey caves were also
used for grain storage
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00:04:48,250 --> 00:04:51,670
and as temples and some
are still preserved today
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00:04:51,670 --> 00:04:54,280
and demonstrate the
sophisticated astronomical
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knowledge of the Goche.
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00:04:56,290 --> 00:04:59,080
The most impressive of
these structures is risk.
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Al-Qaeda, a vast cultural site covering
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00:05:01,990 --> 00:05:06,550
around 18,000 hectares on
the island of Grand Canaria.
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The archeological site consists
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of 21 caves containing
significant rock art believed
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to relate to magical or religious beliefs
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and fertility rituals.
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One of these caves has a
small opening in its roof
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where light enters from the
summer solstice to autumn,
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00:05:24,040 --> 00:05:26,890
allowed sunlight and
moonlight to enter the caves
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00:05:26,890 --> 00:05:30,340
and illuminates symbolic
engravings on the walls.
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Because of this, many archeologists think
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00:05:32,620 --> 00:05:34,840
that risk Qaeda could have been used
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by the prehistoric
inhabitants as a primitive,
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astronomical clock.
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00:05:40,180 --> 00:05:41,830
Over the years, there have been a number
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of fines made in the Canary Islands,
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00:05:43,990 --> 00:05:47,890
which suggested some sort of
contact with the Roman world.
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00:05:47,890 --> 00:05:49,450
In 1964,
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00:05:49,450 --> 00:05:53,290
the Roman amphora storage jar
was discovered in waters off
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00:05:53,290 --> 00:05:55,690
Lanzarote, and since that time,
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00:05:55,690 --> 00:05:58,460
other examples have been found underwater.
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None, however could be securely dated.
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00:06:01,280 --> 00:06:04,400
A few years ago, however,
excavations on the island
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00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:08,000
of Lanzarote uncovered the
first securely dated evidence
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00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:10,400
of Roman trade with the islands.
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00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:14,810
Investigations at the prehistoric
settlement of El Berro
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yielded around a hundred
Roman pot shards, nine pieces
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00:06:18,410 --> 00:06:20,810
of metal and one piece of glass.
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00:06:20,810 --> 00:06:23,690
The artifacts were found
in archeological levels,
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00:06:23,690 --> 00:06:26,270
which indicate that they
dated between the first
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00:06:26,270 --> 00:06:30,380
and fourth centuries
ad legends of Atlantis
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00:06:30,380 --> 00:06:32,240
and ancient Egypt.
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00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:34,970
There are numerous legends
surrounding the native people
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00:06:34,970 --> 00:06:36,500
of the Canary Islands.
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00:06:36,500 --> 00:06:39,560
Some believe they were
somehow related to the Celts
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00:06:39,560 --> 00:06:42,410
or perhaps even the Vikings, others,
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00:06:42,410 --> 00:06:45,230
that the cones were descended
from the inhabitants
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of the mythical land of Atlantis.
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00:06:47,690 --> 00:06:50,780
In this theory, Cape
Verde, the Azores, Madeira
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and the Canary Islands
would be the remains
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00:06:53,210 --> 00:06:56,030
of this legendary sunken continent.
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00:06:56,030 --> 00:06:58,490
A more recent theory
connects the first settlers
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00:06:58,490 --> 00:07:02,570
of the Canary Islands with
the Burber Canary tribe.
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00:07:02,570 --> 00:07:06,205
The Gus have also been linked
to ancient Egyptians, perhaps
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00:07:06,205 --> 00:07:08,300
as a colony of that civilization
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00:07:08,300 --> 00:07:11,270
because of their habit
of mummifying their dead.
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00:07:11,270 --> 00:07:14,000
It is a fact that the
Goche use similar methods
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00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:16,880
to the ancient Egyptians
when preserving the remains
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00:07:16,880 --> 00:07:19,190
of their high ranking citizens.
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00:07:19,190 --> 00:07:21,440
After the mummification process,
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00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:24,980
the bodies were buried
underground or inside caves.
146
00:07:24,980 --> 00:07:27,710
Unfortunately, many of
these mummies were stolen
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00:07:27,710 --> 00:07:30,140
or looted by later grave robbers.
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00:07:30,140 --> 00:07:33,740
Though some have managed
to survive, the mummy
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00:07:33,740 --> 00:07:37,400
of Madrid is perhaps the best
preserved of the GU mummies
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00:07:37,400 --> 00:07:40,700
as its careful embalming
kept its organs intact
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00:07:40,700 --> 00:07:43,160
and even preserved the man's hair.
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00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:46,430
The man who died during his
early thirties was mummified
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between the 11th and 13th
centuries ad just a few centuries
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before the Spanish
invaded the Canary Islands
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new DNA evidence.
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00:07:56,660 --> 00:07:58,975
In June, 2019, it was announced
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00:07:58,975 --> 00:08:01,130
that DNA studies had resolved many
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00:08:01,130 --> 00:08:02,780
of the outstanding questions
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00:08:02,780 --> 00:08:05,390
regarding the origins of the gans.
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00:08:05,390 --> 00:08:08,570
Dr. Linus Gerland Flink,
a researcher at Liverpool,
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00:08:08,570 --> 00:08:11,390
John Moore's University
in the uk who was part
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00:08:11,390 --> 00:08:14,420
of the research team
stated previous studies
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00:08:14,420 --> 00:08:17,990
of the ES relied on single
genetic markers such
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00:08:17,990 --> 00:08:21,740
as the mitochondrial
DNA and Y chromosomes.
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00:08:21,740 --> 00:08:25,160
These markers often lack the
analytical precision needed
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00:08:25,160 --> 00:08:28,550
to resolve finer levels
of population history.
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By sequencing autosomal DNA,
we gained unique insights
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00:08:32,660 --> 00:08:35,840
to the ancestry and origin
of these populations.
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00:08:36,800 --> 00:08:40,610
The researcher team generated
the genome wide sequence data
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and mitochondrial genomes
from 11 guang individuals
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originating from archeological
sites in grand area
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and 10 leading author of the study Dr.
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00:08:50,990 --> 00:08:53,120
Ricardo Rodriguez Varella,
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a researcher at Stockholm
University, explain the results
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00:08:56,370 --> 00:08:59,010
of the team's fascinating study
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by generating the first
autosomal genetic data from these
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00:09:02,460 --> 00:09:05,820
populations, we can
conclusively demonstrate
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00:09:05,820 --> 00:09:08,250
that the Gus were most closely related
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00:09:08,250 --> 00:09:11,555
to modern North Africans
of Berber ancestry than
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00:09:11,555 --> 00:09:13,560
to any other population we included
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00:09:13,560 --> 00:09:16,620
for comparisons supporting
previous studies,
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but adding more detail and nuance.
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00:09:19,590 --> 00:09:22,620
The study was also able to
show that the modern habitants
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00:09:22,620 --> 00:09:25,440
of Gran Canaria inherited between 16
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00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:29,985
and 31% of their genomic
ancestry from the Ches,
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00:09:29,985 --> 00:09:33,720
the burber spread throughout
North Africa more than 3000
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years ago, occupying what
is today the area from Libya
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to the Sahara Rosa free girl,
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00:09:39,990 --> 00:09:42,930
a geneticist at La Laguna University
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00:09:42,930 --> 00:09:45,630
who took part in the
research said of the results.
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00:09:45,630 --> 00:09:49,410
Thanks to DNA analysis we've
been able to dispel the notion
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00:09:49,410 --> 00:09:52,500
that the Gus were
practically vikings tall,
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00:09:52,500 --> 00:09:54,120
blonde and blue eyed.
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00:09:54,120 --> 00:09:56,880
Everything indicates that
they came from North Africa
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00:09:56,880 --> 00:10:00,300
and were physically similar
to the Berber white skin
196
00:10:00,300 --> 00:10:02,760
with a tendency to an olive complexion
197
00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:04,740
and brown eyes that
could be light colored.
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00:10:04,740 --> 00:10:07,620
In some cases, cliches and legends.
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00:10:07,620 --> 00:10:10,080
Not withstanding the ancient inhabitants
200
00:10:10,080 --> 00:10:13,470
of the Canary Islands were
not so different from today's,
201
00:10:14,400 --> 00:10:17,070
but the question is, if
the original inhabitants
202
00:10:17,070 --> 00:10:20,100
of the Canary Islands came
from North Africa, how
203
00:10:20,100 --> 00:10:22,020
and when did they arrive?
204
00:10:22,020 --> 00:10:23,250
Archeologists believed
205
00:10:23,250 --> 00:10:26,130
that there were two major
migrations the first
206
00:10:26,130 --> 00:10:28,260
around 2,500 years ago
207
00:10:28,260 --> 00:10:31,260
and the second one at
around the first century ad
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00:10:31,260 --> 00:10:34,410
when North Africa was
part of the Roman Empire.
209
00:10:34,410 --> 00:10:36,270
They are believed to
have made the crossing in
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00:10:36,270 --> 00:10:38,010
relatively small vessels.
211
00:10:38,010 --> 00:10:40,920
Although no remains of
these have ever been found.
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00:10:48,990 --> 00:10:51,480
In February, 2020, it was announced
213
00:10:51,480 --> 00:10:52,895
that the mummified remains
214
00:10:52,895 --> 00:10:55,620
of 72 individuals had been discovered
215
00:10:55,620 --> 00:10:59,135
by amateur archeologists
using a drone in a cave
216
00:10:59,135 --> 00:11:00,720
on Grandin area.
217
00:11:00,720 --> 00:11:04,290
A rose Hema Gonzales who made
the incredible discovery,
218
00:11:04,290 --> 00:11:06,090
said we were flying a drone
219
00:11:06,090 --> 00:11:08,280
and we took some pictures of the cave.
220
00:11:08,280 --> 00:11:10,740
It is in a very difficult place to access
221
00:11:10,740 --> 00:11:13,560
and you need to climb a
cliff to reach the site.
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00:11:13,560 --> 00:11:15,510
People thought the photos were fake
223
00:11:15,510 --> 00:11:18,270
because of all the bones
there, but they were not fake
224
00:11:18,270 --> 00:11:19,890
and the bones are believed to belong
225
00:11:19,890 --> 00:11:22,410
to Goen mummified remains.
226
00:11:22,410 --> 00:11:24,810
Archeologists Veronica Alberto
227
00:11:24,810 --> 00:11:27,390
and culture counselor Javier Vela
228
00:11:27,390 --> 00:11:30,900
confirmed the discovery stating
that the cave dates back to
229
00:11:30,900 --> 00:11:33,300
between the eighth and 10th centuries ad
230
00:11:41,255 --> 00:11:42,600
A few years ago,
231
00:11:42,600 --> 00:11:45,630
newspapers all over the
world carried the story
232
00:11:45,630 --> 00:11:50,160
that ancient history researcher
Robert Sarma has located the
233
00:11:50,160 --> 00:11:51,960
lost continent of Atlantis,
234
00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:55,060
of the Mediterranean island of Cyprus.
235
00:11:55,060 --> 00:11:58,630
Sonar scanning apparently
revealed manmade structures in the
236
00:11:58,630 --> 00:12:00,520
water around the island.
237
00:12:00,520 --> 00:12:04,030
One mile beneath sea level SMAs believed
238
00:12:04,030 --> 00:12:08,380
that the Mediterranean basin
was flooded in 9,000 bc,
239
00:12:08,380 --> 00:12:11,020
which submerged rectangular landmass,
240
00:12:11,020 --> 00:12:13,330
which he maintains was Atlantis.
241
00:12:14,260 --> 00:12:17,440
Although archeologists at the
time dismissed Sammas claims
242
00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:21,280
out of hand, new evidence
suggests there may indeed be an
243
00:12:21,280 --> 00:12:25,930
ancient city submerged in
the waters around Cyprus
244
00:12:25,930 --> 00:12:27,820
almost every year without fail.
245
00:12:27,820 --> 00:12:31,360
The headline Atlantis found
Blairs out from various
246
00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:33,580
newspapers all over the world.
247
00:12:33,580 --> 00:12:36,645
In fact, the range of
hypothetical locations
248
00:12:36,645 --> 00:12:38,620
for Atlantis is staggering.
249
00:12:38,620 --> 00:12:40,120
The ow and civilization
250
00:12:40,120 --> 00:12:43,210
of late Bronze age Crete
supposedly destroyed
251
00:12:43,210 --> 00:12:45,645
by a colossal earthquake
on the neighboring island
252
00:12:45,645 --> 00:12:47,890
of Thera modern day Santorini
253
00:12:47,890 --> 00:12:50,770
around 1450 BC was long thought
254
00:12:50,770 --> 00:12:54,520
to have been an indirect
influence on Plato's Atlantis.
255
00:12:54,520 --> 00:12:58,575
However, research into late
bronze age Crete has shown
256
00:12:58,575 --> 00:13:02,115
that the Manone civilization
continue to flourish long
257
00:13:02,115 --> 00:13:03,670
after the theory and quake.
258
00:13:04,840 --> 00:13:08,350
This vast array of wildly
different theories has contributed
259
00:13:08,350 --> 00:13:11,710
to the skepticism of many
researchers who believe
260
00:13:11,710 --> 00:13:15,160
that Plato's Atlantis was
merely a political allegory
261
00:13:15,160 --> 00:13:17,410
designed to glorify Athens
262
00:13:17,410 --> 00:13:20,620
as the perfect state
fighting against a decadent
263
00:13:20,620 --> 00:13:23,560
and greedy atlantian empire.
264
00:13:23,560 --> 00:13:26,680
For them, the story begins
and ends with Plato.
265
00:13:26,680 --> 00:13:28,750
Solon never visited Egypt
266
00:13:28,750 --> 00:13:31,660
and heard the story from
the priests at SaaS.
267
00:13:31,660 --> 00:13:35,890
They reason that Plato located
Atlantis out in the Atlantic
268
00:13:35,890 --> 00:13:37,810
beyond the pillars of Hercules
269
00:13:37,810 --> 00:13:41,980
because in his time this vast
not represented the limit
270
00:13:41,980 --> 00:13:43,960
of the world known to the Greeks.
271
00:13:44,830 --> 00:13:48,070
Atlantis researchers of course
would completely disagree
272
00:13:48,070 --> 00:13:49,690
with this conclusion.
273
00:13:49,690 --> 00:13:54,070
Indeed one of them Iranian
American architect Robert Smat,
274
00:13:54,070 --> 00:13:57,130
believes he knows exactly
where Atlantis is.
275
00:13:58,270 --> 00:14:01,540
Did Robert Smat find Atlantis off Cyprus?
276
00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:06,490
Smat first hit the headlines
in November, 2004 when
277
00:14:06,490 --> 00:14:08,410
newspapers carried the story that
278
00:14:08,410 --> 00:14:09,645
after nearly 10 years
279
00:14:09,645 --> 00:14:13,030
of research using ocean mapping technology
280
00:14:13,030 --> 00:14:15,250
and accounts from ancient texts,
281
00:14:15,250 --> 00:14:18,400
he'd located Atlantis of Cyprus.
282
00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:21,220
Salmat was quoted as saying, this is going
283
00:14:21,220 --> 00:14:23,170
to rewrite the history books.
284
00:14:23,170 --> 00:14:25,815
We are set to make the
biggest archeological
285
00:14:25,815 --> 00:14:27,760
discovery of all time.
286
00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:32,770
He claimed that around 9,000
BC the Mediterranean basin was
287
00:14:32,770 --> 00:14:35,440
flooded in a deluge, the submerged,
288
00:14:35,440 --> 00:14:40,270
rectangular manmade site,
which he believed was Atlantis.
289
00:14:40,270 --> 00:14:43,690
The lost civilization
apparently lay around 5,000 feet
290
00:14:43,690 --> 00:14:45,700
below sea level, 50 miles
291
00:14:45,700 --> 00:14:49,000
or so off the southeastern
coast of Cyprus.
292
00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:52,700
Sarma and his team had
carried out deep water sonar
293
00:14:52,700 --> 00:14:56,780
scanning, which indicated
manmade structures on a submerged
294
00:14:56,780 --> 00:15:00,590
hill, including a wall
almost three miles long,
295
00:15:00,590 --> 00:15:03,980
a walled hill summit and deep trenches.
296
00:15:03,980 --> 00:15:08,870
Sarma six day expedition
cost about $200,000
297
00:15:08,870 --> 00:15:12,800
and was partly funded by the
Cprt Tourist organization.
298
00:15:12,800 --> 00:15:17,090
Samat was quoted at the time
as saying of his discoveries,
299
00:15:17,090 --> 00:15:18,260
it is a miracle.
300
00:15:18,260 --> 00:15:20,840
We found these walls as their location
301
00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:24,500
and lengths match exactly the
description of the Acropolis
302
00:15:24,500 --> 00:15:28,580
of Atlantis provided by
Plato in his writings.
303
00:15:28,580 --> 00:15:31,640
We cannot yet provide tangible
proof in the form of bricks
304
00:15:31,640 --> 00:15:35,060
and mortar as the artifacts
are still buried under several
305
00:15:35,060 --> 00:15:38,030
meters of sediment, but the circumstantial
306
00:15:38,030 --> 00:15:40,820
and other evidence is irrefutable.
307
00:15:40,820 --> 00:15:45,350
My discovery will vindicate
Plato within his dialogues.
308
00:15:45,350 --> 00:15:49,730
Plato provides factual clues
as to what Atlantis was like.
309
00:15:49,730 --> 00:15:50,840
I have matched all
310
00:15:50,840 --> 00:15:55,155
but two of the 45 clues
with the area around Cyprus
311
00:15:55,155 --> 00:15:57,740
that either the biggest
coincidence in the history
312
00:15:57,740 --> 00:16:01,880
of the world or we have
found Plato's Atlantis
313
00:16:01,880 --> 00:16:04,825
Plato's account is so
detailed that it is possible
314
00:16:04,825 --> 00:16:08,300
to make city plans based
on his description.
315
00:16:08,300 --> 00:16:11,900
These match exactly the
anti-dilution maps of Cyprus
316
00:16:11,900 --> 00:16:14,750
as discovered through
oceanographic mapping.
317
00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:19,010
SMAs had in fact revealed
his discoveries the year
318
00:16:19,010 --> 00:16:22,640
before he hit the newspaper
headlines in a book entitled
319
00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:25,670
Discovery of Atlantis, the Startling Case
320
00:16:25,670 --> 00:16:27,140
for the Island of Cyprus.
321
00:16:28,130 --> 00:16:31,730
At a 2004 press conference
to announce his discoveries,
322
00:16:31,730 --> 00:16:36,295
Sarma was challenged by Michelle
Morso, a French geologist
323
00:16:36,295 --> 00:16:38,720
who lives on Cyprus to provide evidence
324
00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:41,000
that the Mediterranean
had been flooded far,
325
00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:44,150
far more recently than the
conventionally accepted
326
00:16:44,150 --> 00:16:45,980
5 million years.
327
00:16:45,980 --> 00:16:48,710
Unfortunately, Salma was not able
328
00:16:48,710 --> 00:16:52,550
to provide any evidence
whatever to back up his claims.
329
00:16:52,550 --> 00:16:53,900
Depo Ides
330
00:16:53,900 --> 00:16:55,555
and archeologists at the Department
331
00:16:55,555 --> 00:16:59,120
of Antiquities in Cyprus
said of salamis claims,
332
00:16:59,120 --> 00:17:00,860
the latest theory should be taken
333
00:17:00,860 --> 00:17:03,560
with a very large pinch of salt.
334
00:17:03,560 --> 00:17:06,710
Archeologists only work
with hard evidence.
335
00:17:06,710 --> 00:17:09,055
There is no evidence
whatsoever to give credence
336
00:17:09,055 --> 00:17:10,670
to this hypothesis
337
00:17:10,670 --> 00:17:13,160
and we have no intention
of investigating it.
338
00:17:14,150 --> 00:17:18,020
Commenting on SMAs interpretation
of the sonar results,
339
00:17:18,020 --> 00:17:21,530
many Pisa are social
anthropologist at Liverpool.
340
00:17:21,530 --> 00:17:25,490
John Moore's University in the
UK criticized his far-fetched
341
00:17:25,490 --> 00:17:28,520
theories and unscientific approach.
342
00:17:28,520 --> 00:17:31,820
Selective interpretation is
nothing more than the blinkered
343
00:17:31,820 --> 00:17:35,480
reading of very ambiguous
and unconvincing images.
344
00:17:35,480 --> 00:17:39,860
He said anyone with a critical
eye can pick out these images
345
00:17:39,860 --> 00:17:41,450
that they're far too vague
346
00:17:41,450 --> 00:17:44,030
and uncertain to be regarded
as compelling evidence
347
00:17:44,030 --> 00:17:46,550
for any manmade structures.
348
00:17:46,550 --> 00:17:49,500
The very foundation on
which the hoax is based is
349
00:17:49,500 --> 00:17:51,150
completely bogus.
350
00:17:51,150 --> 00:17:52,920
According to his theory, Mr.
351
00:17:52,920 --> 00:17:54,060
Sarma claims
352
00:17:54,060 --> 00:17:57,360
that the Mediterranean basin
was flooded in a deluge
353
00:17:57,360 --> 00:17:59,460
around 9,000 bc,
354
00:17:59,460 --> 00:18:02,160
which submerged rectangular landmass he
355
00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:04,020
believes was Atlantis.
356
00:18:04,020 --> 00:18:06,690
The problem is there is
no evidence whatsoever
357
00:18:06,690 --> 00:18:10,320
for any large scale flooding
of the Mediterranean basin at
358
00:18:10,320 --> 00:18:13,440
that time not to be deterred.
359
00:18:13,440 --> 00:18:18,240
Samas organized a second
expedition to the site in 2006,
360
00:18:18,240 --> 00:18:21,120
but results of the work were inconclusive.
361
00:18:21,120 --> 00:18:23,940
He returned to Cyprus in June, 2011
362
00:18:23,940 --> 00:18:28,110
to film a documentary in
support of his Atlantis theory.
363
00:18:28,110 --> 00:18:31,710
He again had the backing of
the Cyprus tourism organization
364
00:18:31,710 --> 00:18:34,320
as well as the history channel
together with the number
365
00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:36,030
of private investors.
366
00:18:36,030 --> 00:18:39,510
However, Samas appears to have
made no further discoveries
367
00:18:39,510 --> 00:18:41,850
that the supposed site of Atlantis
368
00:18:41,850 --> 00:18:44,910
and nothing has been heard
from him on the subject subject
369
00:18:44,910 --> 00:18:46,860
since 2013.
370
00:18:46,860 --> 00:18:49,470
New discoveries off Cyprus.
371
00:18:49,470 --> 00:18:50,670
However, the theory
372
00:18:50,670 --> 00:18:54,000
that ancient Atlantis may
lie submerged in the waters
373
00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:57,030
of Cyprus does not seem to be dead yet.
374
00:18:57,030 --> 00:19:01,740
In April, 2018, CPR newspaper
the Cyprus traveler announced
375
00:19:01,740 --> 00:19:05,310
that a chance discovery by
group of tourists had led a team
376
00:19:05,310 --> 00:19:07,560
of marine archeologists to the location
377
00:19:07,560 --> 00:19:10,500
of Atlantis off the coast of pathos,
378
00:19:10,500 --> 00:19:13,440
a coastal city in southwest Cyprus.
379
00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:18,240
The team led by archeologist
Mallios Asio used luge
380
00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:21,840
cutting edge soner technology
to scan the ocean bed.
381
00:19:21,840 --> 00:19:24,630
After further surveillance
deep ground radar
382
00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:27,960
and digital mapping, a team
was sent to the ocean floor
383
00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:30,780
where they discovered an
ancient statue of Aphrodite.
384
00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:35,490
After extensive analysis,
professor Costas Antos
385
00:19:35,490 --> 00:19:37,800
from Cyprus University's department
386
00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:40,470
of Antiquities authenticated the relic
387
00:19:40,470 --> 00:19:43,710
and confirmed that the
extraordinary find was the first
388
00:19:43,710 --> 00:19:47,040
artifact that categorically
proved that the great
389
00:19:47,040 --> 00:19:50,370
and wonderful empire of Atlantis
was located off the coast
390
00:19:50,370 --> 00:19:52,955
of PAOs, a large scale operation
391
00:19:52,955 --> 00:19:54,635
to recover further artifacts
392
00:19:54,635 --> 00:19:57,330
and building remains was soon underway
393
00:19:57,330 --> 00:19:59,580
with a Cyprus tourism organization.
394
00:19:59,580 --> 00:20:02,520
Also planning to put out
a tender for the building
395
00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:04,860
of a pathos based Atlantis museum.
396
00:20:05,790 --> 00:20:09,930
Marius Asio commented on
these spectacular discoveries.
397
00:20:09,930 --> 00:20:13,290
Over the centuries, there's
been heated debate over whether
398
00:20:13,290 --> 00:20:14,880
Atlantis was a mythical
399
00:20:14,880 --> 00:20:18,510
or historical location with
hundreds of archeologists
400
00:20:18,510 --> 00:20:21,660
and geologists searching for its location.
401
00:20:21,660 --> 00:20:25,290
In fact, the reason I became
a marine archeologist was
402
00:20:25,290 --> 00:20:28,680
to try to discover the
true location of Atlantis.
403
00:20:28,680 --> 00:20:31,655
Having completed my lifetime
goal, I'm looking forward
404
00:20:31,655 --> 00:20:34,170
to enjoying an early retirement.
405
00:20:34,170 --> 00:20:37,380
He added I was astounded
when I heard that Asio
406
00:20:37,380 --> 00:20:40,650
and his team had discovered
the location of the lost city
407
00:20:40,650 --> 00:20:42,240
of Atlantis, mainly
408
00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:44,730
because my great-grandmother always used
409
00:20:44,730 --> 00:20:47,200
to tell us Atlantis could be found at
410
00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:49,540
that exact spot in the ocean.
411
00:20:49,540 --> 00:20:50,650
No one listened to her.
412
00:20:50,650 --> 00:20:53,530
Of course, it seemed
the old bird was right.
413
00:20:54,640 --> 00:20:56,710
Marina Milona, a marketing
414
00:20:56,710 --> 00:20:59,475
and tourism officer at the Cyprus Tourism
415
00:20:59,475 --> 00:21:01,180
Organization added.
416
00:21:01,180 --> 00:21:03,130
It's been long rumored that the lost city
417
00:21:03,130 --> 00:21:06,460
of Atlantis was located
just off the coast of Cyprus
418
00:21:06,460 --> 00:21:08,650
and we are delighted that this has been
419
00:21:08,650 --> 00:21:09,820
officially confirmed.
420
00:21:17,710 --> 00:21:18,790
The ruins of a two
421
00:21:18,790 --> 00:21:22,150
and a half thousand year old
lost ancient civilization were
422
00:21:22,150 --> 00:21:25,150
recently found in the lake in Stan.
423
00:21:25,150 --> 00:21:26,650
Some researchers believe
424
00:21:26,650 --> 00:21:29,890
that these ancient remains may
include an ancient Armenian
425
00:21:29,890 --> 00:21:32,920
monastery where according
to legend, the body
426
00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:35,980
of Saint Matthew, one of Jesus's disciples
427
00:21:35,980 --> 00:21:38,260
and his many relics were buried.
428
00:21:38,260 --> 00:21:40,750
A number of Orthodox
Christians have long believed
429
00:21:40,750 --> 00:21:42,640
that Matthew was finally laid
430
00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:45,220
to rest here long after his death.
431
00:21:45,220 --> 00:21:48,790
Since the 19th century Russian
scientists, archeologists,
432
00:21:48,790 --> 00:21:50,920
and researchers from the Rgis Academy
433
00:21:50,920 --> 00:21:53,410
of Sciences have studied ancient relics
434
00:21:53,410 --> 00:21:57,010
around isic cool hot lake,
one of the world's highest
435
00:21:57,010 --> 00:22:00,465
and deepest lakes located in
a valley in the high central
436
00:22:00,465 --> 00:22:03,250
Asian mountains in the republic of Stan.
437
00:22:04,360 --> 00:22:09,040
Iko Lake is 113 miles
long up to 37 miles wide
438
00:22:09,040 --> 00:22:13,030
and has an area of 2,408 square miles.
439
00:22:13,030 --> 00:22:17,290
It reaches 2,192 feet in depth.
440
00:22:17,290 --> 00:22:19,540
The lake was first mentioned by Chinese
441
00:22:19,540 --> 00:22:21,700
and Islamic map makers at the beginning
442
00:22:21,700 --> 00:22:22,810
of the eighth century.
443
00:22:23,650 --> 00:22:27,070
Archeological finds from the
site have included petroglyphs
444
00:22:27,070 --> 00:22:31,540
and 3000 year old nomadic
burial mounds known as Gans,
445
00:22:31,540 --> 00:22:34,870
early Christian monasteries
and medieval cities.
446
00:22:34,870 --> 00:22:38,020
The Lakers long held a
fascination for researchers
447
00:22:38,020 --> 00:22:41,590
as divers have been exploring
its depth since as long ago
448
00:22:41,590 --> 00:22:43,450
as the 1860s,
449
00:22:43,450 --> 00:22:45,670
there was a significant
rise in the water level
450
00:22:45,670 --> 00:22:48,100
of the lake at the end of the 14th century
451
00:22:48,100 --> 00:22:49,990
and the beginning of the 15th.
452
00:22:49,990 --> 00:22:51,940
As a result of this, the remains
453
00:22:51,940 --> 00:22:54,820
of various ancient
cultures were submerged,
454
00:22:54,820 --> 00:22:58,810
including bronze age settlements,
saki of Sunni burial mans
455
00:22:58,810 --> 00:23:02,560
of the first century BC
medieval towns and settlements
456
00:23:02,560 --> 00:23:04,870
and turkic monuments.
457
00:23:04,870 --> 00:23:09,100
Since 1985, professor Vladimir fluky,
458
00:23:09,100 --> 00:23:11,140
vice president of the Kgi Academy
459
00:23:11,140 --> 00:23:14,020
of Sciences has been
directing underwater surveys,
460
00:23:14,020 --> 00:23:15,490
the excavations at Isic.
461
00:23:15,490 --> 00:23:19,810
Cool, and in 2010, he joined
forces with National Geographic
462
00:23:19,810 --> 00:23:23,320
to explore the extraordinary
history of the lake.
463
00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:25,630
In September, 2013, scientists
464
00:23:25,630 --> 00:23:28,335
and archeologists from
National Geographic began
465
00:23:28,335 --> 00:23:30,490
investigations at the lake.
466
00:23:30,490 --> 00:23:32,200
The team chose this site due
467
00:23:32,200 --> 00:23:35,710
to its position at an important
location along the legendary
468
00:23:35,710 --> 00:23:39,430
silk Road with roots
running along its shores.
469
00:23:39,430 --> 00:23:42,490
In the past, innumerable traders, caravans
470
00:23:42,490 --> 00:23:43,510
and nomadic tribes
471
00:23:43,510 --> 00:23:47,780
and armies traveled along the
130 mile long lake leaving an
472
00:23:47,780 --> 00:23:49,850
extraordinary archeological legacy.
473
00:23:49,850 --> 00:23:53,630
Behind the Silk Road was an
ancient trade route linking
474
00:23:53,630 --> 00:23:56,185
China with the west along which goods
475
00:23:56,185 --> 00:23:59,690
and ideas were carried between
the two great civilizations
476
00:23:59,690 --> 00:24:01,220
of Rome and China
477
00:24:01,220 --> 00:24:05,060
and later between medieval
European kingdoms in China
478
00:24:05,060 --> 00:24:08,120
in the Middle Ages, the area
surrounding the lake was fought
479
00:24:08,120 --> 00:24:12,200
over by two opposing lines of
descendants from Genghis Khan,
480
00:24:12,200 --> 00:24:13,315
the Eastern Mongols
481
00:24:13,315 --> 00:24:16,430
and the city dwelling
Islamic Western Mongols.
482
00:24:16,430 --> 00:24:19,885
The legendary Western Mongol
leader Tamerlan was sent
483
00:24:19,885 --> 00:24:23,030
to a fought a battle over the
lake region in the early 14
484
00:24:23,030 --> 00:24:25,700
hundreds, and there
aren't medieval records
485
00:24:25,700 --> 00:24:28,460
of a palace built by the
conqueror on the lake shore.
486
00:24:28,460 --> 00:24:32,540
Is it cool? Some researchers
believe it's the same structure
487
00:24:32,540 --> 00:24:36,590
as the 15th century palace near
the town of chomp and Atta.
488
00:24:36,590 --> 00:24:40,310
Described by the medieval
Arab historian Iben Arab Sheik
489
00:24:41,540 --> 00:24:44,330
in December, 2007, it was announced
490
00:24:44,330 --> 00:24:47,330
that Russian researchers had
discovered important ancient
491
00:24:47,330 --> 00:24:51,200
remains, a previously unknown
culture beneath the lake.
492
00:24:51,200 --> 00:24:52,490
According to reports,
493
00:24:52,490 --> 00:24:56,330
Russian archeologists discovered
traces of a large city
494
00:24:56,330 --> 00:24:59,240
with an area of several square kilometers.
495
00:24:59,240 --> 00:25:02,540
In other words, it was a
metropolis in its time.
496
00:25:02,540 --> 00:25:05,690
We also found side un burial mounds eroded
497
00:25:05,690 --> 00:25:07,640
by waves over the centuries
498
00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:11,570
and numerous well-preserved
artifacts, bronze battle axes,
499
00:25:11,570 --> 00:25:15,350
arrowheads, self sharpening
daggers objects discarded
500
00:25:15,350 --> 00:25:17,505
by Smiths casting molds
501
00:25:17,505 --> 00:25:19,580
and a faceted gold bar,
502
00:25:19,580 --> 00:25:21,560
which was a monetary unit of the time.
503
00:25:22,490 --> 00:25:26,690
In August of 2014, Russian
news outlets published a story
504
00:25:26,690 --> 00:25:30,650
that divers from Tom State
University had located another
505
00:25:30,650 --> 00:25:33,920
previous unknown, ancient
settlement beneath the lake.
506
00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:36,140
Along with 200 artifacts,
507
00:25:36,140 --> 00:25:38,840
perhaps the most
fascinating find was a piece
508
00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:41,810
of large ceramic pot
which had a stamp on it,
509
00:25:41,810 --> 00:25:45,020
written in Armenian and Syrian scripts.
510
00:25:45,020 --> 00:25:48,080
This find may have been
supporting evidence for the story
511
00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:51,260
that an Armenian monastery
existed on this site in
512
00:25:51,260 --> 00:25:52,880
medieval times.
513
00:25:52,880 --> 00:25:55,970
According to Dimitri Gorn
who led the diving team,
514
00:25:55,970 --> 00:25:59,540
the inscribed pot
fragment was truly unique.
515
00:25:59,540 --> 00:26:03,080
He added experts are now
working on the identification
516
00:26:03,080 --> 00:26:05,000
of the writings of the stamps,
517
00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,330
but it's supposed to be
Armenian Syrian script.
518
00:26:08,330 --> 00:26:11,480
If this proves to be correct,
it will be further evidence
519
00:26:11,480 --> 00:26:15,320
that there was an Armenian
monastery on Isic K in the 14th
520
00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:18,380
century where according
to the legends relics
521
00:26:18,380 --> 00:26:20,300
of Matthew were stored.
522
00:26:20,300 --> 00:26:21,685
There is indeed a tradition
523
00:26:21,685 --> 00:26:24,800
that a monastery on this remote
lake was the last resting
524
00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:26,330
place of evangelists St.
525
00:26:26,330 --> 00:26:30,620
Matthew, one of the 12
apostles of Jesus intriguingly.
526
00:26:30,620 --> 00:26:35,090
When the Russian traveler pp
OV was in Venice in the 1850s,
527
00:26:35,090 --> 00:26:40,090
he came upon a copy of the
Catalan Atlas from 1375.
528
00:26:40,460 --> 00:26:41,900
In this work, he found a drawing
529
00:26:41,900 --> 00:26:44,190
of a lakeside monastery with a caption.
530
00:26:44,190 --> 00:26:46,260
The spot is named Issa Cole.
531
00:26:46,260 --> 00:26:49,440
Here is a monastery of Armenian
brethren, which is rumored
532
00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:51,010
to possess the relics of St.
533
00:26:51,010 --> 00:26:53,610
Matthew, the apostle and evangelist.
534
00:26:53,610 --> 00:26:57,120
The extraordinary Catalan
Atlas is a perpetual calendar
535
00:26:57,120 --> 00:27:00,510
and thematic representation
of the known world produced
536
00:27:00,510 --> 00:27:03,150
by the major York and graphic school.
537
00:27:03,150 --> 00:27:05,310
The creation of the
atlas has been attributed
538
00:27:05,310 --> 00:27:06,900
to Abraham Cress.
539
00:27:06,900 --> 00:27:11,580
A Jewish cartographer from
Palmer Majorca OV believed
540
00:27:11,580 --> 00:27:15,120
that the monks probably
chose a site on the Menti Bay
541
00:27:15,120 --> 00:27:17,580
as the site was protected from rough water
542
00:27:17,580 --> 00:27:19,260
and rich with fish.
543
00:27:19,260 --> 00:27:23,400
After visiting Isic Cole in 1856 to 57,
544
00:27:23,400 --> 00:27:27,360
Soff wrote, Menti Bay
meets these conditions,
545
00:27:27,360 --> 00:27:30,060
but I unfortunately did
not find on the shore,
546
00:27:30,060 --> 00:27:33,090
nor in the drifts of the
neighboring shore any object
547
00:27:33,090 --> 00:27:35,100
supporting my supposition.
548
00:27:35,100 --> 00:27:37,950
50 years later, a Russian
Orthodox monastery
549
00:27:37,950 --> 00:27:39,840
was built in the area.
550
00:27:39,840 --> 00:27:41,520
However many Christians believe
551
00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:44,940
that Matthew the apostles
remains were discovered in Ermo,
552
00:27:44,940 --> 00:27:46,920
Italy in 10 80
553
00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:49,290
and are now in Salerno Cathedral,
554
00:27:49,290 --> 00:27:51,600
which is dedicated to the saint.
555
00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:54,125
Apparently St. Matthew's
relics had been brought
556
00:27:54,125 --> 00:27:57,720
to the town in 9 54 Ad St.
557
00:27:57,720 --> 00:28:00,780
Matthew also called St
Matthew the evangelist and St.
558
00:28:00,780 --> 00:28:03,575
Matthew the apostle was
one of the 12 apostles
559
00:28:03,575 --> 00:28:06,180
of Jesus Christ and the traditional author
560
00:28:06,180 --> 00:28:09,515
of the first synoptic
gospel, the gospel according
561
00:28:09,515 --> 00:28:11,705
to Matthew, according to the calling
562
00:28:11,705 --> 00:28:14,100
of Matthew in the
biblical book of Matthew,
563
00:28:14,100 --> 00:28:15,600
he had been a tax collector
564
00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:18,420
before being called to follow Jesus.
565
00:28:18,420 --> 00:28:20,190
As Jesus went on from there,
566
00:28:20,190 --> 00:28:22,295
he saw a man named Matthew sitting at a
567
00:28:22,295 --> 00:28:24,030
tax collector's booth.
568
00:28:24,030 --> 00:28:28,320
Follow me, he told him and
Matthew got up and followed him.
569
00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:31,170
While Jesus was having
dinner at Matthew's house,
570
00:28:31,170 --> 00:28:34,290
many tax collectors and
sinners came and ate with him
571
00:28:34,290 --> 00:28:36,120
and his disciples.
572
00:28:36,120 --> 00:28:39,210
When the Pharisees saw this,
they asked his disciples,
573
00:28:39,210 --> 00:28:42,930
why does your teacher eat with
tax collectors and sinners?
574
00:28:42,930 --> 00:28:45,870
On hearing this, Jesus
said, it is not the healthy
575
00:28:45,870 --> 00:28:48,870
who need a doctor but the sick, but go
576
00:28:48,870 --> 00:28:50,700
and learn what this means.
577
00:28:50,700 --> 00:28:54,480
I desire mercy, not
sacrifice for I have not come
578
00:28:54,480 --> 00:28:56,820
to call the righteous but sinners.
579
00:28:57,840 --> 00:28:59,160
According to tradition,
580
00:28:59,160 --> 00:29:01,680
Matthew's missions later
brought him to the east.
581
00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:02,880
Perhaps Ethiopia
582
00:29:02,880 --> 00:29:05,070
and Persia stories differ as
583
00:29:05,070 --> 00:29:08,700
to whether he died a natural
death or that of a martyr.
584
00:29:08,700 --> 00:29:12,330
According to another tradition,
he died as a martyr in Syria
585
00:29:12,330 --> 00:29:15,630
and his relics were kept
there for 150 years.
586
00:29:15,630 --> 00:29:18,570
Apparently, his followers
later fled from persecution
587
00:29:18,570 --> 00:29:21,120
to the depths of Asia, bringing the relics
588
00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:22,770
of the apostle with them.
589
00:29:22,770 --> 00:29:24,725
Yet another tradition holds that St.
590
00:29:24,725 --> 00:29:26,970
Matthew died while traveling to India
591
00:29:26,970 --> 00:29:30,240
and established several
Christian communities on his way.
592
00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:33,600
One of which was is it's known
593
00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:36,725
that a thriving Christian
Armenian community existed in
594
00:29:36,725 --> 00:29:40,080
Kyrgyzstan since the first century ad
595
00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:42,610
many artifacts found in Chu Valley,
596
00:29:42,610 --> 00:29:45,370
a large valley located in North Shan,
597
00:29:45,370 --> 00:29:46,960
including an a gravestone
598
00:29:46,960 --> 00:29:49,900
with a cross carrying
an Armenian inscription.
599
00:29:49,900 --> 00:29:51,640
Jesus, our Lord,
600
00:29:51,640 --> 00:29:54,370
Assyrian inscription
under the cross stated,
601
00:29:54,370 --> 00:29:57,610
this is the grave of
Johan, the Armenian bishop
602
00:29:57,610 --> 00:30:01,720
and a date 7 7 2 in Armenian
chronology corresponding
603
00:30:01,720 --> 00:30:04,360
to 1323 ad.
604
00:30:04,360 --> 00:30:07,750
In medieval times, two Armenian
monasteries stood near one
605
00:30:07,750 --> 00:30:10,450
of the villages on the shore of the lake
606
00:30:10,450 --> 00:30:12,610
ley Ms. Bright Cape.
607
00:30:12,610 --> 00:30:14,415
More evidence that the remains of St.
608
00:30:14,415 --> 00:30:17,260
Matthew May have ended up in
an Armenian monastery on the
609
00:30:17,260 --> 00:30:20,560
lake comes from the late 19th century.
610
00:30:20,560 --> 00:30:22,810
When Barron called bars Russian General
611
00:30:22,810 --> 00:30:26,950
and explorer of Central Asia
traveled to the site he wrote.
612
00:30:26,950 --> 00:30:30,850
It is worth noting that not
far from the Trinity monastery
613
00:30:30,850 --> 00:30:32,830
of the confluence of rivers tie up
614
00:30:32,830 --> 00:30:36,850
and koi ruins of an ancient
town are found under water.
615
00:30:36,850 --> 00:30:39,190
The town hosted the Armenian monastery
616
00:30:39,190 --> 00:30:40,510
guarding the relics of St.
617
00:30:40,510 --> 00:30:43,840
Matthew. Archeological investigation
618
00:30:43,840 --> 00:30:48,280
of the mentee settlements
began in 2005 when an
619
00:30:48,280 --> 00:30:51,160
exploratory team visited
the site of the monastery
620
00:30:51,160 --> 00:30:55,480
and settlement fines from the
area include a bronze crosses,
621
00:30:55,480 --> 00:30:58,750
a signet ring with
ornamentation colored beads
622
00:30:58,750 --> 00:31:01,960
and more than two dozen crucifix necklaces
623
00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:04,900
only ongoing continuous
archeological expeditions
624
00:31:04,900 --> 00:31:08,530
and detailed historical
research can solve the mysteries
625
00:31:08,530 --> 00:31:10,060
of IC Cole.
626
00:31:10,060 --> 00:31:12,610
Nevertheless, some people are convinced
627
00:31:12,610 --> 00:31:15,040
that this site is indeed the location
628
00:31:15,040 --> 00:31:17,260
of the lost Armenian monastery
629
00:31:17,260 --> 00:31:19,395
and possibly the remains of St.
630
00:31:19,395 --> 00:31:19,930
Matthew.
631
00:31:26,950 --> 00:31:28,630
According to Hindu legend,
632
00:31:28,630 --> 00:31:31,750
there was once a mystical
kingdom located in the middle
633
00:31:31,750 --> 00:31:36,130
of the sea, the city was
home to 900 palaces, all made
634
00:31:36,130 --> 00:31:37,935
of gold and was supposed
635
00:31:37,935 --> 00:31:40,725
to have arisen outta the
waters on the command
636
00:31:40,725 --> 00:31:42,520
of Lord Krishna.
637
00:31:42,520 --> 00:31:45,490
Recently underwater archeologists
claimed to have located
638
00:31:45,490 --> 00:31:47,830
what some believe to be the foundations
639
00:31:47,830 --> 00:31:50,290
of this fabulous lost city, of the coast
640
00:31:50,290 --> 00:31:52,390
of modern daka in western India.
641
00:31:53,620 --> 00:31:56,350
Chardan literally meaning the four abodes
642
00:31:56,350 --> 00:32:00,370
or seats are the names of
four pilgrimage sites in India
643
00:32:00,370 --> 00:32:02,980
that are widely revered by Hindus.
644
00:32:02,980 --> 00:32:07,980
It comprises of badrinath,
dka, pur, and worm.
645
00:32:08,350 --> 00:32:11,380
Daka is often identified
with the D Duka kingdom,
646
00:32:11,380 --> 00:32:13,210
the ancient kingdom of Krishna
647
00:32:13,210 --> 00:32:16,570
and is believed to have been
the first capital of Gujarat.
648
00:32:16,570 --> 00:32:19,780
According to legend, Krishna
founded the city in Gujarat's
649
00:32:19,780 --> 00:32:21,765
west coast after he defeated
650
00:32:21,765 --> 00:32:25,120
and killed his uncle cancer at Mathura.
651
00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:28,600
In Indian epic literature,
the ancient city is also known
652
00:32:28,600 --> 00:32:30,400
as Deca.
653
00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:34,420
Traditionally, modern D
is identified with Deca.
654
00:32:34,420 --> 00:32:36,010
Ancient Deca is supposed
655
00:32:36,010 --> 00:32:40,220
to have sank into the sea In
remote history, the ancient
656
00:32:40,220 --> 00:32:42,620
and modern city, now known as dka,
657
00:32:42,620 --> 00:32:46,250
is located on the western tip
of the Sur Astra Peninsula.
658
00:32:46,250 --> 00:32:50,570
In Gujarat, northwestern
India in the 14th century,
659
00:32:50,570 --> 00:32:52,820
the town's original temples were destroyed
660
00:32:52,820 --> 00:32:54,650
by the deli emperors,
661
00:32:54,650 --> 00:32:56,570
but the most important of them,
662
00:32:56,570 --> 00:33:01,160
Jaga Manir was subsequently
rebuilt Jaga Manir,
663
00:33:01,160 --> 00:33:03,590
also known as the ish temple,
664
00:33:03,590 --> 00:33:05,725
is a Hindu temple dedicated to God.
665
00:33:05,725 --> 00:33:08,570
Krishna, who is worshiped
here with the name
666
00:33:08,570 --> 00:33:10,760
of Ddu Kadish or the king of Duka.
667
00:33:12,020 --> 00:33:16,400
The five story sandstone edifice
is supported by 72 pillars
668
00:33:16,400 --> 00:33:19,850
and was constructed in the
15th to 16th centuries.
669
00:33:19,850 --> 00:33:24,230
In the Chauka style,
it's covers an area of 69
670
00:33:24,230 --> 00:33:27,170
by 88.5 feet with its spire,
671
00:33:27,170 --> 00:33:30,470
a dizzying 257 feet high.
672
00:33:30,470 --> 00:33:34,130
The temple is visited by
thousands of pilgrims every year.
673
00:33:34,130 --> 00:33:36,710
Ancient vara is mentioned in a number
674
00:33:36,710 --> 00:33:41,265
of Indian texts including
the Maha Harta, the Shirad,
675
00:33:41,265 --> 00:33:43,585
and the Bava Gita.
676
00:33:43,585 --> 00:33:45,860
The Ma Harta described de vaca
677
00:33:45,860 --> 00:33:49,975
as having 900,000 royal palaces,
all constructed of crystal
678
00:33:49,975 --> 00:33:53,060
and silver and decorated with emeralds.
679
00:33:53,060 --> 00:33:55,850
The ancient city was connected
by an elaborate system
680
00:33:55,850 --> 00:33:58,700
of boulevards, roads, marketplaces,
681
00:33:58,700 --> 00:34:01,160
assembly houses, and temples.
682
00:34:01,160 --> 00:34:04,430
Archeological investigations
in the city of Daka
683
00:34:04,430 --> 00:34:07,580
and offshore in the Arabian
Sea have been undertaken
684
00:34:07,580 --> 00:34:11,990
by the archeological survey
of India since the 1960s.
685
00:34:11,990 --> 00:34:13,160
Over the past decade
686
00:34:13,160 --> 00:34:16,580
or so, underwater excavations
have uncovered interesting
687
00:34:16,580 --> 00:34:19,765
remains at a depth of 120 feet in the Gulf
688
00:34:19,765 --> 00:34:22,940
of Cam Bay off the western coast of India.
689
00:34:22,940 --> 00:34:26,600
Some reports claim these
discoveries could be over 9,000
690
00:34:26,600 --> 00:34:29,600
years old and cover an
area five miles long
691
00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:31,370
and two miles wide.
692
00:34:31,370 --> 00:34:34,130
Marine archeologists have
used a technique known
693
00:34:34,130 --> 00:34:37,070
as sub bottom profiling to reveal
694
00:34:37,070 --> 00:34:40,760
that the buildings remain
stand on enormous foundations.
695
00:34:40,760 --> 00:34:44,900
One news report in the new
Indian Express from August, 2018
696
00:34:44,900 --> 00:34:47,000
stated sensationally,
697
00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:51,145
marine scientists say
archeological remains discovered 36
698
00:34:51,145 --> 00:34:54,380
meters, 120 feet underwater in the Gulf
699
00:34:54,380 --> 00:34:56,065
of Kabe off the western coast
700
00:34:56,065 --> 00:34:59,510
of India could be over 9,000 years old.
701
00:34:59,510 --> 00:35:02,540
It's believed to predate
the oldest known remains
702
00:35:02,540 --> 00:35:03,800
in the subcontinent.
703
00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:06,380
By more than 5,000 years
704
00:35:06,380 --> 00:35:09,200
carbon dating on debris
recovered from the site,
705
00:35:09,200 --> 00:35:12,590
including construction,
material, pottery, sections
706
00:35:12,590 --> 00:35:15,320
of walls, beads,
sculpture, and human bones
707
00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:17,960
and teeth, put it at nearly nine
708
00:35:17,960 --> 00:35:19,940
and a half thousand years old,
709
00:35:19,940 --> 00:35:23,030
making it older than the
Sumerian civilization
710
00:35:23,030 --> 00:35:25,220
by several thousand years.
711
00:35:25,220 --> 00:35:29,240
It's also older than the Egyptian
and Chinese civilizations.
712
00:35:29,240 --> 00:35:32,540
The city is believed to be
even older than the ancient
713
00:35:32,540 --> 00:35:37,230
Harapan civilization, sandstone
walls, and a grid of streets
714
00:35:37,230 --> 00:35:40,710
and other evidence of a
seaport 70 feet underwater.
715
00:35:40,710 --> 00:35:42,540
Alongside artifacts dating back
716
00:35:42,540 --> 00:35:47,070
to 7,500 BC have
convinced some researchers
717
00:35:47,070 --> 00:35:48,900
that finally the legendary city
718
00:35:48,900 --> 00:35:52,290
of 900,000 royal palaces has been located.
719
00:35:53,310 --> 00:35:55,890
The archeological
explorations of the coast
720
00:35:55,890 --> 00:35:58,920
of daka have also brought
to light a large number
721
00:35:58,920 --> 00:36:00,570
of stone structures.
722
00:36:00,570 --> 00:36:03,570
These are semi-circular, rectangular
723
00:36:03,570 --> 00:36:06,900
and square stone edifices
scattered randomly
724
00:36:06,900 --> 00:36:08,820
over a vast area.
725
00:36:08,820 --> 00:36:11,165
Besides these structures, many varieties
726
00:36:11,165 --> 00:36:13,590
of stone anchors have been
uncovered alongside the
727
00:36:13,590 --> 00:36:15,390
structures as well.
728
00:36:15,390 --> 00:36:16,620
Such findings suggests
729
00:36:16,620 --> 00:36:19,980
that the ancient de vaca
was once a busy port,
730
00:36:19,980 --> 00:36:22,200
though the structures are thought to date
731
00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:25,475
to comparatively late in
the site's history probably
732
00:36:25,475 --> 00:36:28,260
belonging to the late medieval period.
733
00:36:28,260 --> 00:36:31,110
Indeed, various Indian
historians have stated
734
00:36:31,110 --> 00:36:34,980
that the stone anchors match
those used in the Indo Arab
735
00:36:34,980 --> 00:36:38,460
trade from the eighth to 14th century ad.
736
00:36:38,460 --> 00:36:42,185
However, this recent date has
not stopped some from claiming
737
00:36:42,185 --> 00:36:44,645
that the remains represent
the legendary loss city
738
00:36:44,645 --> 00:36:48,150
of de Vaca and so must be 9,000 years old.
739
00:36:49,110 --> 00:36:50,790
The lead archeologist of a number
740
00:36:50,790 --> 00:36:52,710
of excavations at the site.
741
00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:56,490
The late Dr. SR Reo
described the town plan
742
00:36:56,490 --> 00:37:00,240
of early Deca based on
his team's discoveries,
743
00:37:00,240 --> 00:37:04,320
there were two fortification
walls, one on the lower terrace
744
00:37:04,320 --> 00:37:06,600
and other in the middle terrace.
745
00:37:06,600 --> 00:37:08,970
These walls which extend over a length
746
00:37:08,970 --> 00:37:12,300
of four kilometers on the eastern
shore are mostly destroyed
747
00:37:12,300 --> 00:37:13,830
by sea action.
748
00:37:13,830 --> 00:37:15,605
The walls of the lower terrace are
749
00:37:15,605 --> 00:37:18,210
of massive dress sandstone blocks.
750
00:37:18,210 --> 00:37:21,870
While that of the upper terrace
are of rubble, the houses
751
00:37:21,870 --> 00:37:23,910
and other public buildings built
752
00:37:23,910 --> 00:37:27,720
of smaller size stones
within the enclosures are all
753
00:37:27,720 --> 00:37:31,290
destroyed and leveled up by
the encroachment of the sea.
754
00:37:31,290 --> 00:37:34,380
These structures lie to
depth of seven to 10 meters
755
00:37:34,380 --> 00:37:37,860
below the present mean sea
level indicating a rise
756
00:37:37,860 --> 00:37:42,860
of 10 meters in sea level
during the last 3,600 years.
757
00:37:43,470 --> 00:37:45,300
In the opinion of some researchers,
758
00:37:45,300 --> 00:37:47,580
the rise in sea level mentioned by Dr.
759
00:37:47,580 --> 00:37:51,540
Rao seems to indicate that
ancient de vaca was destroyed
760
00:37:51,540 --> 00:37:53,190
by a great flood.
761
00:37:53,190 --> 00:37:56,130
Indeed, for some archeological
proof of the existence
762
00:37:56,130 --> 00:37:59,375
of the de vaca and its
submergence perhaps in the second
763
00:37:59,375 --> 00:38:02,130
millennium, BC reflects the truth
764
00:38:02,130 --> 00:38:05,040
of the descriptions in the Maha harta.
765
00:38:05,040 --> 00:38:08,700
For them, the fines would make
the Maha Harta not merely a
766
00:38:08,700 --> 00:38:10,320
book of myths and legends,
767
00:38:10,320 --> 00:38:13,710
but to some extent a genuine
account of past events.
768
00:38:15,090 --> 00:38:18,030
In September, 2019, it
seemed that final proof
769
00:38:18,030 --> 00:38:21,870
for the wonderful architectural
achievements of ancient deca
770
00:38:21,870 --> 00:38:25,380
have been discovered
underwater of modern dwana.
771
00:38:25,380 --> 00:38:26,610
A Twitter user going
772
00:38:26,610 --> 00:38:31,320
by the name at jks shared
four sensational photos
773
00:38:31,320 --> 00:38:34,115
showing Ornately decorated
underwater sculptures
774
00:38:34,115 --> 00:38:37,870
and structures with one
resembling a temple tower.
775
00:38:37,870 --> 00:38:41,945
There was a claim accompanying
the image which stated Shri
776
00:38:41,945 --> 00:38:45,310
kna daka the sunken city in Gujarat
777
00:38:45,310 --> 00:38:47,620
as described in the Moab Harta.
778
00:38:47,620 --> 00:38:51,430
It is real, yet the Christian
world says there is no proof.
779
00:38:51,430 --> 00:38:54,940
The tweet was retweeted over 1500 times.
780
00:38:55,780 --> 00:38:59,320
However, subsequent research
into the four images reveal the
781
00:38:59,320 --> 00:39:01,060
falseness of the claim.
782
00:39:01,060 --> 00:39:03,250
One image showing the sculpture of a lion
783
00:39:03,250 --> 00:39:06,190
with its left paw resting
on a ball was traced
784
00:39:06,190 --> 00:39:09,250
to an underwater memorial
reef near Ki bisque
785
00:39:09,250 --> 00:39:10,690
in Miami, Florida.
786
00:39:10,690 --> 00:39:13,330
It is the largest
manmade reef in the world
787
00:39:13,330 --> 00:39:15,460
and contains two statues of lions
788
00:39:15,460 --> 00:39:17,800
to mark the entrance to the site.
789
00:39:17,800 --> 00:39:18,915
It is a photo of one
790
00:39:18,915 --> 00:39:21,820
of these lions which was
used on Twitter as proof
791
00:39:21,820 --> 00:39:24,610
of new discoveries from ancient draca.
792
00:39:24,610 --> 00:39:26,650
The three other images were also traced
793
00:39:26,650 --> 00:39:28,840
to various other online sources,
794
00:39:28,840 --> 00:39:32,200
including various Photoshopped
composite images using
795
00:39:32,200 --> 00:39:35,680
various temple remains collected
from all over the world.
796
00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:37,185
Consequently, it's obvious
797
00:39:37,185 --> 00:39:39,795
that the images used on
Twitter have no connection
798
00:39:39,795 --> 00:39:42,730
whatsoever to ancient daka.
799
00:39:42,730 --> 00:39:43,815
Indeed, the whole claim
800
00:39:43,815 --> 00:39:45,940
of a submerged civilization off the coast
801
00:39:45,940 --> 00:39:50,530
of daka dating back 9,000
years rests on extremely shaky
802
00:39:50,530 --> 00:39:53,950
grounds in the media
accounts of the discoveries.
803
00:39:53,950 --> 00:39:57,190
The claim of the city being
9,000 years old is based
804
00:39:57,190 --> 00:40:00,040
entirely on one radiocarbon
date from a single piece
805
00:40:00,040 --> 00:40:01,750
of wood, but this piece
806
00:40:01,750 --> 00:40:04,540
of wood could very easily
have belonged to a tree
807
00:40:04,540 --> 00:40:07,840
that existed prior to
these underwater remains.
808
00:40:07,840 --> 00:40:11,860
No other object from the
excavation has actually been dated.
809
00:40:11,860 --> 00:40:13,120
Experts have pointed out
810
00:40:13,120 --> 00:40:16,480
that the area in which remains
have been found has huge
811
00:40:16,480 --> 00:40:19,185
tidal movements, which
would've moved artifacts
812
00:40:19,185 --> 00:40:22,360
and even structures around
perhaps many miles from their
813
00:40:22,360 --> 00:40:24,340
original locations.
814
00:40:24,340 --> 00:40:27,370
Furthermore, many of these
stone objects found seem
815
00:40:27,370 --> 00:40:30,160
to be geo facts rather than artifacts
816
00:40:30,160 --> 00:40:34,720
and is natural objects made
by water and sand erosion.
817
00:40:34,720 --> 00:40:38,895
The argument that there's a
submerged 9,000 Euros di raca in
818
00:40:38,895 --> 00:40:40,990
the area is based on the premise
819
00:40:40,990 --> 00:40:43,990
that a submerged coastal
settlement could only have been
820
00:40:43,990 --> 00:40:46,425
built when sea levels were much lower and
821
00:40:46,425 --> 00:40:48,280
therefore could only have been built
822
00:40:48,280 --> 00:40:51,970
before the end of the last ice
age around 10,000 years ago.
823
00:41:22,905 --> 00:41:23,950
The question of when
824
00:41:23,950 --> 00:41:25,000
and how the continent
825
00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:28,065
of Australia was first
populated has always been a bit
826
00:41:28,065 --> 00:41:30,250
of a puzzle to archeologists,
827
00:41:30,250 --> 00:41:32,860
but recently some new
light has been shed on the
828
00:41:33,890 --> 00:41:37,400
an international team of
archeologists, geographers,
829
00:41:37,400 --> 00:41:41,000
ecologists and computer
scientists mapped the probable
830
00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:44,120
superhighways that led to the first people
831
00:41:44,120 --> 00:41:46,910
of the Australian continent around 50,000
832
00:41:46,910 --> 00:41:49,310
to 70,000 years ago.
833
00:41:49,310 --> 00:41:52,910
The team generated a fascinating
map which reveals these
834
00:41:52,910 --> 00:41:55,280
migration superhighways traversed
835
00:41:55,280 --> 00:41:57,440
by early humans in Australia,
836
00:41:57,440 --> 00:42:00,320
which mysteriously bear
striking similarities
837
00:42:00,320 --> 00:42:02,930
to Australia's modern
highways and stock route.
838
00:42:08,720 --> 00:42:11,720
Some researchers have also
suggested a connection
839
00:42:11,720 --> 00:42:14,390
between these newly
discovered superhighways
840
00:42:14,390 --> 00:42:17,180
and the mysterious
aboriginal dreaming tracks.
841
00:42:18,050 --> 00:42:20,990
Over the years, there have
been many theories about
842
00:42:20,990 --> 00:42:24,620
where the indigenous ancestors
first settled in Australia
843
00:42:24,620 --> 00:42:26,690
tens of thousands of years ago,
844
00:42:26,690 --> 00:42:30,470
but evidence for this
activity is extremely scarce.
845
00:42:30,470 --> 00:42:31,670
Only a very small number
846
00:42:31,670 --> 00:42:35,570
of archeological sites date
from these early times when sea
847
00:42:35,570 --> 00:42:36,950
levels were much lower
848
00:42:36,950 --> 00:42:39,770
and Northern Australia
was joined by Landbridge
849
00:42:39,770 --> 00:42:43,760
to present day Southern New
Guinea and Eastern Indonesia,
850
00:42:43,760 --> 00:42:45,380
and people and animals were able
851
00:42:45,380 --> 00:42:47,810
to walk at various times across the
852
00:42:47,810 --> 00:42:49,850
Tasmania from the mainland.
853
00:42:49,850 --> 00:42:52,370
This mega continent known as Sahu
854
00:42:52,370 --> 00:42:55,430
was 30% larger than Australia is today.
855
00:42:56,360 --> 00:42:59,960
One of these early archeological
sites was at the now Dry
856
00:42:59,960 --> 00:43:03,230
Lake MGO in Western New South Wales.
857
00:43:03,230 --> 00:43:06,050
Here in 1968 Earth,
858
00:43:06,050 --> 00:43:08,630
Jim Bola uncovered the cremated remains
859
00:43:08,630 --> 00:43:11,930
of an aboriginal woman
in an eroding dune close
860
00:43:11,930 --> 00:43:13,820
to the shoreline of the lake.
861
00:43:13,820 --> 00:43:18,230
In 1974, the ancient remains
of a man were found nearby.
862
00:43:18,230 --> 00:43:20,870
Both of these remains now called Mgo Lady
863
00:43:20,870 --> 00:43:23,240
and MGO man were found to date back
864
00:43:23,240 --> 00:43:25,820
to staggering 40,000 years,
865
00:43:25,820 --> 00:43:27,950
thus doubling scientific estimates of
866
00:43:27,950 --> 00:43:31,670
how long aboriginal people
had lived in Australia.
867
00:43:31,670 --> 00:43:34,340
The amazing discoveries at Lake Mgo reveal
868
00:43:34,340 --> 00:43:38,300
that Aboriginal history
stretched back at times so remote
869
00:43:38,300 --> 00:43:41,060
that the only humans in
Europe when Neanderthals
870
00:43:41,060 --> 00:43:43,400
and people had not yet reached America.
871
00:43:44,480 --> 00:43:47,510
By about 70,000 years ago, modern humans,
872
00:43:47,510 --> 00:43:51,350
homo sapiens began moving
into Southeast Asia
873
00:43:51,350 --> 00:43:54,115
where they would probably have
encountered existing groups
874
00:43:54,115 --> 00:43:59,000
of archaic humans like
Homoerectus Homo Florensis
875
00:43:59,000 --> 00:44:00,890
often referred to as the hobbits
876
00:44:00,890 --> 00:44:04,460
and possibly also the
mysterious Dennis Os.
877
00:44:04,460 --> 00:44:07,765
In May, 2021, it was
announced that researchers had
878
00:44:07,765 --> 00:44:09,200
to use supercomputers
879
00:44:09,200 --> 00:44:12,920
to simulate 125 billion
possible travel routes
880
00:44:12,920 --> 00:44:16,070
and reconstruct the most
likely super highways.
881
00:44:16,070 --> 00:44:18,530
The first humans to
arrive in Australia used
882
00:44:18,530 --> 00:44:23,480
to navigate across this new
land more than 65,000 years ago.
883
00:44:23,480 --> 00:44:25,250
The international team of scientists
884
00:44:25,250 --> 00:44:27,230
who undertook the research was led
885
00:44:27,230 --> 00:44:30,680
by researchers from the
Australian Research Council Center
886
00:44:30,680 --> 00:44:33,810
of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity
887
00:44:33,810 --> 00:44:35,730
and Heritage Kabar,
888
00:44:35,730 --> 00:44:39,090
and recently revealed some of
their methods to the press.
889
00:44:39,090 --> 00:44:42,960
They said, we think people
navigated in new territories much
890
00:44:42,960 --> 00:44:44,430
as people do today
891
00:44:44,430 --> 00:44:47,430
by focusing on prominent
land features protruding
892
00:44:47,430 --> 00:44:51,120
above the relative flatness
of the Australian continent.
893
00:44:51,120 --> 00:44:52,470
To map these features,
894
00:44:52,470 --> 00:44:55,470
we built the most complete
digital elevation model
895
00:44:55,470 --> 00:45:00,150
for sahu ever constructed,
including areas now underwater.
896
00:45:00,150 --> 00:45:03,395
We used this digital
elevation model to understand
897
00:45:03,395 --> 00:45:05,790
what was visible to early travelers,
898
00:45:05,790 --> 00:45:08,490
essentially from each
point in the continent.
899
00:45:08,490 --> 00:45:11,250
We asked what can you see from here?
900
00:45:11,250 --> 00:45:14,190
This moving window calculates
the largest view shed
901
00:45:14,190 --> 00:45:15,780
map ever created.
902
00:45:15,780 --> 00:45:17,550
When our virtual travelers move,
903
00:45:17,550 --> 00:45:20,855
they reorient based on visible
terrain everywhere they
904
00:45:20,855 --> 00:45:22,980
go for their work.
905
00:45:22,980 --> 00:45:25,860
The researchers created
an imaginary traveler,
906
00:45:25,860 --> 00:45:29,760
a 25-year-old woman carrying
10 kilograms of supplies
907
00:45:29,760 --> 00:45:31,740
to traverse the landscape.
908
00:45:31,740 --> 00:45:33,510
They collected all the various pieces
909
00:45:33,510 --> 00:45:37,020
of data they accumulated
into a mega model known
910
00:45:37,020 --> 00:45:40,320
as from everywhere to everywhere fate,
911
00:45:40,320 --> 00:45:44,910
and created over 125 billion
possible pathways from every
912
00:45:44,910 --> 00:45:48,030
spot on the continent to everywhere else.
913
00:45:48,030 --> 00:45:50,190
Each route represented the easiest way
914
00:45:50,190 --> 00:45:52,650
to move from one location to another.
915
00:45:52,650 --> 00:45:55,685
Obviously, the researchers
could not possibly examine every
916
00:45:55,685 --> 00:45:59,910
path of the 125 billion
pathways that they had created,
917
00:45:59,910 --> 00:46:01,410
so they reduced the number
918
00:46:01,410 --> 00:46:05,400
by comparing all plausible
pathways with the distribution
919
00:46:05,400 --> 00:46:08,490
of the oldest known archeological
sites on the ancient
920
00:46:08,490 --> 00:46:12,690
continent providing weighted
possibilities for each path.
921
00:46:12,690 --> 00:46:14,220
This work produced a scale
922
00:46:14,220 --> 00:46:16,920
of pathways going from the most likely
923
00:46:16,920 --> 00:46:19,380
to the least likely chosen paths.
924
00:46:19,380 --> 00:46:22,410
The most likely pathways
in the map above are
925
00:46:22,410 --> 00:46:25,380
what the research has
called the superhighways
926
00:46:25,380 --> 00:46:28,710
of the first indigenous
populations on the continent.
927
00:46:29,760 --> 00:46:32,730
The team's conclusion drawn
from their computer generated
928
00:46:32,730 --> 00:46:36,300
maps is that the early
populations spread across the now
929
00:46:36,300 --> 00:46:38,730
submerged wide plains on the western
930
00:46:38,730 --> 00:46:40,920
and eastern margins of the continent
931
00:46:40,920 --> 00:46:43,920
and through to the region
that now forms the Gulf
932
00:46:43,920 --> 00:46:45,390
of Carpentaria,
933
00:46:45,390 --> 00:46:47,550
the large shallow sea which now connects
934
00:46:47,550 --> 00:46:49,800
Australia to New Guinea.
935
00:46:49,800 --> 00:46:52,205
The nagging question of
whether there was evidence
936
00:46:52,205 --> 00:46:55,440
that anyone had actually used
these computer identified
937
00:46:55,440 --> 00:46:58,080
highways in the remote
past was soon answered
938
00:46:58,080 --> 00:46:59,760
by their research.
939
00:46:59,760 --> 00:47:02,910
A large number of archeological
sites in Australia known
940
00:47:02,910 --> 00:47:06,660
to be at least 35,000
years old were located on
941
00:47:06,660 --> 00:47:08,730
or near these superhighways,
942
00:47:08,730 --> 00:47:10,860
and many tracks also coincided
943
00:47:10,860 --> 00:47:13,980
with ancient trade routes
known from the oral histories
944
00:47:13,980 --> 00:47:17,010
of the indigenous people
or agreed with genetic
945
00:47:17,010 --> 00:47:21,840
and linguistic studies used to
trace early human migrations,
946
00:47:21,840 --> 00:47:24,900
but these superhighways may
well have been much more than
947
00:47:24,900 --> 00:47:27,030
roots used for the initial peeing of Saul.
948
00:47:27,960 --> 00:47:30,370
A number of these super identified
949
00:47:30,370 --> 00:47:33,490
by the research team follow
well-known aboriginal trade
950
00:47:33,490 --> 00:47:35,620
routes which cross the country.
951
00:47:35,620 --> 00:47:37,870
These include the route from Cape York
952
00:47:37,870 --> 00:47:41,565
to South Australia via
Birdsville used by traders
953
00:47:41,565 --> 00:47:43,840
of Peturi native tobacco
954
00:47:43,840 --> 00:47:46,870
and the trade of Kimberley
Baylor Shell into
955
00:47:46,870 --> 00:47:48,790
central Australia.
956
00:47:48,790 --> 00:47:50,565
There are also obvious similarities
957
00:47:50,565 --> 00:47:53,410
between the researchers'
map of ancient highways
958
00:47:53,410 --> 00:47:55,060
and the most common trading
959
00:47:55,060 --> 00:47:57,610
and stock routes used by early Europeans,
960
00:47:57,610 --> 00:47:58,660
which is not surprising
961
00:47:58,660 --> 00:48:01,305
as they followed
established routes long used
962
00:48:01,305 --> 00:48:02,950
by the aboriginal peoples.
963
00:48:04,030 --> 00:48:07,240
The researchers' groundbreaking
work on the Superhighways
964
00:48:07,240 --> 00:48:11,230
has impressed the archeological
community archeologist Kyle
965
00:48:11,230 --> 00:48:13,180
Bachinski of the University of Montana.
966
00:48:13,180 --> 00:48:17,110
Ms. Ula said this is a really
compelling illustration
967
00:48:17,110 --> 00:48:20,895
of the power of using these
simulation techniques at a huge
968
00:48:20,895 --> 00:48:22,210
continental scale.
969
00:48:22,210 --> 00:48:25,150
To understand how people
navigate landscapes,
970
00:48:25,150 --> 00:48:27,490
its impressive extreme computing.
971
00:48:28,510 --> 00:48:31,395
One intriguing aspect
of this new research is
972
00:48:31,395 --> 00:48:33,225
that it has revealed major roots
973
00:48:33,225 --> 00:48:37,000
that cut across several dry
areas in Australia's center
974
00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:40,120
and in the northeastern
state of Queensland.
975
00:48:40,120 --> 00:48:43,360
The existence of paths in
such locations would appear
976
00:48:43,360 --> 00:48:45,400
to challenge the long held view
977
00:48:45,400 --> 00:48:47,260
that the earliest people on the continent
978
00:48:47,260 --> 00:48:49,270
avoided the deserts.
979
00:48:49,270 --> 00:48:51,040
Kabar deputy director,
980
00:48:51,040 --> 00:48:55,180
distinguished professor Sean
Umm from James Cook University
981
00:48:55,180 --> 00:48:56,565
commented on the importance
982
00:48:56,565 --> 00:48:59,800
of the research team's work
in revealing the significance
983
00:48:59,800 --> 00:49:03,400
of landscape to the native
inhabitants of the continent.
984
00:49:03,400 --> 00:49:06,520
He said, Australia is not only the driest,
985
00:49:06,520 --> 00:49:09,850
but also the flattest
populated continent on earth.
986
00:49:09,850 --> 00:49:12,940
Our research shows that
prominent landscape features
987
00:49:12,940 --> 00:49:16,240
and water sources were
critical for people to navigate
988
00:49:16,240 --> 00:49:18,220
and survive on the continent.
989
00:49:18,220 --> 00:49:20,140
In many aboriginal societies,
990
00:49:20,140 --> 00:49:22,750
landscape features are
believed to being created
991
00:49:22,750 --> 00:49:25,780
by ancestral beings during the dreaming.
992
00:49:25,780 --> 00:49:28,540
Every ridge line, hill river, beach
993
00:49:28,540 --> 00:49:31,240
and water source is named storied
994
00:49:31,240 --> 00:49:33,285
and inscribed into the very fabric
995
00:49:33,285 --> 00:49:36,790
of societies emphasizing
the intimate relationship
996
00:49:36,790 --> 00:49:39,010
between people and place.
997
00:49:39,010 --> 00:49:41,320
The landscape is literally
woven into people's
998
00:49:41,320 --> 00:49:43,120
lives and their histories.
999
00:49:43,120 --> 00:49:44,950
It seems that these relationships
1000
00:49:44,950 --> 00:49:47,530
between people in the
country probably date back
1001
00:49:47,530 --> 00:49:50,440
to the earliest people of the continent.
1002
00:49:50,440 --> 00:49:52,750
This quote brings in a
question of a connection
1003
00:49:52,750 --> 00:49:55,600
between these newly revealed superhighways
1004
00:49:55,600 --> 00:49:58,930
and aboriginal dreaming
tracks to the aborigines.
1005
00:49:58,930 --> 00:50:02,290
A dreaming track or songline
as it is also known,
1006
00:50:02,290 --> 00:50:03,340
is a route taken
1007
00:50:03,340 --> 00:50:06,940
by ancestral heroes in the
dream time in which all
1008
00:50:06,940 --> 00:50:09,160
aboriginal culture has its roots and
1009
00:50:09,160 --> 00:50:12,730
before, which in their minds
the earth did not exist.
1010
00:50:12,730 --> 00:50:14,830
As with the ancient super highways,
1011
00:50:14,830 --> 00:50:16,660
these mostly invisible paths
1012
00:50:16,660 --> 00:50:20,650
or tracks usually connect
aboriginal sacred sites in the
1013
00:50:20,650 --> 00:50:22,060
dream time, groups
1014
00:50:22,060 --> 00:50:24,790
of ancestral beings
journeyed across the land,
1015
00:50:24,790 --> 00:50:28,340
performing mighty deeds
and creating living species
1016
00:50:28,340 --> 00:50:30,500
and features of the desert landscape.
1017
00:50:30,500 --> 00:50:33,620
The adventure of these
ancestors also referred to
1018
00:50:33,620 --> 00:50:38,180
as totemic ancestors are
chronicled in sacred songs, stories
1019
00:50:38,180 --> 00:50:39,200
and rituals.
1020
00:50:40,070 --> 00:50:43,250
These totemic ancestors
also establish the rules
1021
00:50:43,250 --> 00:50:48,110
of aboriginal religion, law,
moral systems, and social life.
1022
00:50:48,110 --> 00:50:51,560
In the mind of the Aborigines
dream, time is a true record
1023
00:50:51,560 --> 00:50:53,480
of how the landscape was formed,
1024
00:50:53,480 --> 00:50:56,300
a landscape which is still
inhabited by the spirits
1025
00:50:56,300 --> 00:50:58,160
of their ancestor beings.
1026
00:50:58,160 --> 00:51:01,790
By reenacting the myths in
the dream time in song story
1027
00:51:01,790 --> 00:51:05,990
and ceremony, the Aborigines
keep their ancestors rules
1028
00:51:05,990 --> 00:51:08,780
believe some relationships
with the landscape alive,
1029
00:51:09,830 --> 00:51:11,330
the massive rock form
1030
00:51:11,330 --> 00:51:15,830
of heir's rock Uluru in the
local Angu language is an
1031
00:51:15,830 --> 00:51:19,885
isolated sandstone
outcrop rising 1,140 feet
1032
00:51:19,885 --> 00:51:22,970
above the red desert plain
in the northern territory
1033
00:51:22,970 --> 00:51:27,770
of central Australia, 208 miles
southwest of Alice Springs.
1034
00:51:27,770 --> 00:51:31,490
This sacred place is seen by
the Anangu as a living record
1035
00:51:31,490 --> 00:51:34,430
of the dream time activities
of their ancestors
1036
00:51:34,430 --> 00:51:36,890
and the appearance and
origin of every feature
1037
00:51:36,890 --> 00:51:40,075
of the giant rock is present
on the mental map carried
1038
00:51:40,075 --> 00:51:42,890
around by the Anangu people of the area.
1039
00:51:42,890 --> 00:51:46,340
One reason why the local Anangu
population refer tourists
1040
00:51:46,340 --> 00:51:49,855
not to climb the rock is that
the hiking path crosses one
1041
00:51:49,855 --> 00:51:53,570
of the many traditional
dreaming tracks on the site.
1042
00:51:53,570 --> 00:51:56,090
Hopefully future work
on possible connections
1043
00:51:56,090 --> 00:51:58,490
between these fascinating super highways
1044
00:51:58,490 --> 00:52:01,430
and aboriginal dreaming
tracks might reveal important
1045
00:52:01,430 --> 00:52:04,370
insights into the
spiritual nature of both.
1046
00:52:19,040 --> 00:52:21,740
During the drought which
resulted from the unusually hot
1047
00:52:21,740 --> 00:52:24,320
summer of 2019, the shoreline
1048
00:52:24,320 --> 00:52:27,980
of the Tanus River in central
Spain receded revealing a
1049
00:52:27,980 --> 00:52:31,400
6,000 year old circular
monument in the middle
1050
00:52:31,400 --> 00:52:35,390
of the Val Decans reservoir
known as the Dolman
1051
00:52:35,390 --> 00:52:36,680
of Guap.
1052
00:52:36,680 --> 00:52:38,600
This megalithic monument consists
1053
00:52:38,600 --> 00:52:41,690
of more than a hundred standing
granite stones, some up
1054
00:52:41,690 --> 00:52:46,430
to six feet tall, arranged in
an 85 foot diameter circle.
1055
00:52:46,430 --> 00:52:48,050
Some researchers believe that one
1056
00:52:48,050 --> 00:52:49,910
of the stones in the monument has
1057
00:52:49,910 --> 00:52:53,120
what may be the world's
oldest map carved on it,
1058
00:52:53,120 --> 00:52:55,430
but who built it and what was it used for?
1059
00:52:56,360 --> 00:53:00,140
The discovery of the monument in 1963,
1060
00:53:00,140 --> 00:53:03,800
a megalithic monument known
as the domen of qual peral,
1061
00:53:03,800 --> 00:53:06,170
which stood on the
banks of the Tegu River,
1062
00:53:06,170 --> 00:53:07,820
disappeared under the water
1063
00:53:07,820 --> 00:53:10,640
of the newly constructed
reservoir, northeast
1064
00:53:10,640 --> 00:53:12,650
of Extremadura, a region
1065
00:53:12,650 --> 00:53:16,460
of western Spain bordering
Portugal on its western side.
1066
00:53:16,460 --> 00:53:18,650
After the construction only the tips
1067
00:53:18,650 --> 00:53:21,080
of the largest megaliths
were occasionally visible
1068
00:53:21,080 --> 00:53:22,580
above the waterline.
1069
00:53:22,580 --> 00:53:26,100
Surprisingly, there seems to
be no outcry at the submergence
1070
00:53:26,100 --> 00:53:29,370
of this ancient monument,
certainly nowhere near the level
1071
00:53:29,370 --> 00:53:32,130
of the reaction of
archeologists, historians
1072
00:53:32,130 --> 00:53:34,110
and the public if the government planned
1073
00:53:34,110 --> 00:53:35,670
to do something similar today,
1074
00:53:36,510 --> 00:53:40,230
but the dolman of Guadal Peral
is far from being the only
1075
00:53:40,230 --> 00:53:41,850
ancient monument in Spain,
1076
00:53:41,850 --> 00:53:45,030
which has become submerged
over the last few decades.
1077
00:53:45,030 --> 00:53:49,260
Spanish archeologist Priva
Bueno Ramirez commented
1078
00:53:49,260 --> 00:53:52,560
that you couldn't believe how
many authentic archeological
1079
00:53:52,560 --> 00:53:56,190
and historic gems are submerged
under Spain's manmade lakes.
1080
00:53:57,060 --> 00:53:59,220
Enrique Carillo Za,
1081
00:53:59,220 --> 00:54:02,165
a researcher from the Spanish
National Research Council
1082
00:54:02,165 --> 00:54:06,120
added We know Dolman submerged
in reservoirs in other points
1083
00:54:06,120 --> 00:54:08,820
of the Tegu such as Gu Ansil,
1084
00:54:08,820 --> 00:54:13,590
a few kilometers downstream
from the Guadal Peral in 2019.
1085
00:54:13,590 --> 00:54:15,095
It was revealed in the media
1086
00:54:15,095 --> 00:54:18,510
that Spain's extremely dry
summer had caused the waters
1087
00:54:18,510 --> 00:54:22,530
of Val Decans reservoir to
recede, uncovering the dolman,
1088
00:54:22,530 --> 00:54:25,770
which had largely been forgotten
about by local inhabitants.
1089
00:54:26,700 --> 00:54:29,315
Angel Castano, resident
of a nearby village
1090
00:54:29,315 --> 00:54:30,870
and president of a local history
1091
00:54:30,870 --> 00:54:33,870
and cultural society
said of the discovery.
1092
00:54:33,870 --> 00:54:37,440
All my life people have
told me about the Dolman.
1093
00:54:37,440 --> 00:54:40,290
I'd seen parts of it peeking
out from the water before,
1094
00:54:40,290 --> 00:54:43,080
but this is the first
time I've seen it in full.
1095
00:54:43,080 --> 00:54:45,395
It's spectacular because
you can appreciate the
1096
00:54:45,395 --> 00:54:46,650
entire complex.
1097
00:54:46,650 --> 00:54:48,780
For the first time in decades,
1098
00:54:48,780 --> 00:54:51,540
we grew up hearing about the
legend of the treasure hidden
1099
00:54:51,540 --> 00:54:55,410
beneath the lake, and now we
can finally get to view them.
1100
00:54:55,410 --> 00:54:57,390
There certainly may have
been treasures buried
1101
00:54:57,390 --> 00:54:59,520
beneath the stones once upon a time,
1102
00:54:59,520 --> 00:55:03,540
but for us now, the treasure
are the stones themselves.
1103
00:55:03,540 --> 00:55:06,065
Unfortunately, the
submergence in water for
1104
00:55:06,065 --> 00:55:08,730
so long has damaged parts of the monument.
1105
00:55:08,730 --> 00:55:10,080
The engravings on one
1106
00:55:10,080 --> 00:55:13,770
of the poorest granite stones
have eroded other show signs
1107
00:55:13,770 --> 00:55:16,170
of erosion to and have fallen over
1108
00:55:16,170 --> 00:55:19,050
or already beginning to split.
1109
00:55:19,050 --> 00:55:22,980
The dalman had first been
excavated between 1925
1110
00:55:22,980 --> 00:55:27,780
and 1927 by German
archeologist Hugo Obermeyer,
1111
00:55:27,780 --> 00:55:30,150
but it wasn't until four decades later
1112
00:55:30,150 --> 00:55:32,700
that Obermeyer report on his excavations
1113
00:55:32,700 --> 00:55:35,550
of the ancient structure
was finally published.
1114
00:55:35,550 --> 00:55:38,370
The excavations also
uncovered artifacts thought
1115
00:55:38,370 --> 00:55:40,710
to have been used by the
builders of the monument,
1116
00:55:40,710 --> 00:55:42,815
which suggested that they had lived nearby
1117
00:55:42,815 --> 00:55:44,160
during its construction.
1118
00:55:44,160 --> 00:55:46,380
The site would've been
created over thousands
1119
00:55:46,380 --> 00:55:50,400
of years using granite
transported from kilometers away
1120
00:55:50,400 --> 00:55:51,630
like stone hege.
1121
00:55:51,630 --> 00:55:54,990
The mega list formed a sun
temple and burial ground.
1122
00:55:54,990 --> 00:55:56,610
They seemed to have religious
1123
00:55:56,610 --> 00:55:59,700
but also economic purpose
being at one of the few points
1124
00:55:59,700 --> 00:56:02,160
of the river where it
was possible to cross,
1125
00:56:02,160 --> 00:56:04,140
so it was a sort of trading hub.
1126
00:56:05,010 --> 00:56:07,290
The dalman of the Gu peral consists
1127
00:56:07,290 --> 00:56:10,145
of about 140 granite boulders, the highest
1128
00:56:10,145 --> 00:56:13,140
of which reached 6.6 feet in height,
1129
00:56:13,140 --> 00:56:17,220
arranged in an 80 foot five
diameter concentric circle.
1130
00:56:17,220 --> 00:56:19,560
Archeologists believe like castano
1131
00:56:19,560 --> 00:56:22,590
that the monument was
probably used as both a temple
1132
00:56:22,590 --> 00:56:27,590
and a between 4,020 500 BC
1133
00:56:27,700 --> 00:56:30,970
at an early stage in its
development, the monument consisted
1134
00:56:30,970 --> 00:56:34,395
of toll upright stones known
as meas, which were topped
1135
00:56:34,395 --> 00:56:36,310
by horizontal slabs of stone.
1136
00:56:36,310 --> 00:56:40,210
To form an enclosed single
chamber tomb known as a dolman,
1137
00:56:40,210 --> 00:56:43,810
an engraved mere stood at
the structure's entrance,
1138
00:56:43,810 --> 00:56:46,960
an ancient map, the engraved
stone at the entrance
1139
00:56:46,960 --> 00:56:49,750
of the dalman of Gudo
Paral has become the source
1140
00:56:49,750 --> 00:56:52,480
of much controversy in recent months.
1141
00:56:52,480 --> 00:56:55,780
The stone bears an engraving
of a human figure on one side
1142
00:56:55,780 --> 00:56:58,900
and on the other, a wavy
symbol which could represent a
1143
00:56:58,900 --> 00:57:01,935
snake or perhaps the nearby Tuss River.
1144
00:57:01,935 --> 00:57:05,080
Angar. Castano believes the
winding line on the stone
1145
00:57:05,080 --> 00:57:07,900
represents what would've
been the world's first map.
1146
00:57:07,900 --> 00:57:10,630
He believes that the curves
may correspond to the meanders
1147
00:57:10,630 --> 00:57:11,980
of the Tuss river
1148
00:57:11,980 --> 00:57:15,130
and may have been used as
a guide to navigate it.
1149
00:57:15,130 --> 00:57:18,640
The Tuss River is the longest
river on the Iberian peninsula
1150
00:57:18,640 --> 00:57:23,640
flowing 626 miles generally
in a western direction
1151
00:57:23,650 --> 00:57:26,770
up until the Roman period,
it's believed that the area
1152
00:57:26,770 --> 00:57:30,430
where the dolman of Gu Paal is
located was the only natural
1153
00:57:30,430 --> 00:57:31,630
Ford on the river.
1154
00:57:31,630 --> 00:57:33,580
Hence, its vital importance.
1155
00:57:33,580 --> 00:57:37,030
Indeed, the presence of numerous
ancient remains in the area
1156
00:57:37,030 --> 00:57:39,340
testifies to this importance.
1157
00:57:39,340 --> 00:57:43,450
The ancient Roman city of
August Riga stood here,
1158
00:57:43,450 --> 00:57:46,660
but like the dalman of
Guana Peral was submerged
1159
00:57:46,660 --> 00:57:50,590
by water in the early 1960s
when the Val de Kashia
1160
00:57:50,590 --> 00:57:51,730
reservoir was built.
1161
00:57:52,870 --> 00:57:56,560
Other extra Mada Ds the region
1162
00:57:56,560 --> 00:58:00,370
of extra madora possesses many
other prehistoric monuments
1163
00:58:00,370 --> 00:58:03,490
including Dolmans, extremely
similar in design to
1164
00:58:03,490 --> 00:58:05,350
that at Gudo Paral.
1165
00:58:05,350 --> 00:58:08,410
Indeed, there are 41
examples in a small area
1166
00:58:08,410 --> 00:58:11,320
around the towns of Valencia Di Kant
1167
00:58:11,320 --> 00:58:15,910
and San Vicente Kant in
Western, extra madora close
1168
00:58:15,910 --> 00:58:17,710
to the Portuguese border.
1169
00:58:17,710 --> 00:58:19,870
Indeed, it contains the largest collection
1170
00:58:19,870 --> 00:58:22,510
of DO mens in the Iberian peninsula.
1171
00:58:22,510 --> 00:58:26,205
33 of these monuments are
constructed in granite while eight
1172
00:58:26,205 --> 00:58:28,240
were made using slate.
1173
00:58:28,240 --> 00:58:31,360
The dome de Zo is located in the village
1174
00:58:31,360 --> 00:58:36,340
of Senya Dal Brega in the
province of CRE in Spain.
1175
00:58:36,340 --> 00:58:38,680
It's one of the only do mens in extra Mada
1176
00:58:38,680 --> 00:58:40,185
where the chamber is still covered
1177
00:58:40,185 --> 00:58:42,910
by its original overhanging capstone.
1178
00:58:42,910 --> 00:58:45,550
The granite slab doman has an oval chamber
1179
00:58:45,550 --> 00:58:48,310
and consists of eight
supporting stones, some
1180
00:58:48,310 --> 00:58:51,880
of which are unfortunately
broken, but prehistoric do.
1181
00:58:51,880 --> 00:58:54,610
Mens are not confined to
the Iberian Peninsula.
1182
00:58:54,610 --> 00:58:57,700
They're found in a variety of
places throughout the world.
1183
00:58:57,700 --> 00:59:01,000
The highest concentration of
DO mens is in northwest Europe,
1184
00:59:01,000 --> 00:59:04,990
especially in Britain, France,
Southwestern Scandinavia,
1185
00:59:04,990 --> 00:59:08,290
Britain, Ireland, Belgium,
and the Netherlands.
1186
00:59:08,290 --> 00:59:11,740
They're also known from
parts of Africa and Asia.
1187
00:59:11,740 --> 00:59:14,530
The DO mens of Northwest
Europe were built in the early
1188
00:59:14,530 --> 00:59:18,940
Neolithic period, which began
in Britain about 5,000 BC
1189
00:59:18,940 --> 00:59:20,295
and in Britain, Ireland
1190
00:59:20,295 --> 00:59:23,840
and southern Scandinavia about 4,000 bc.
1191
00:59:23,840 --> 00:59:26,420
The Breon word Doman was originally used
1192
00:59:26,420 --> 00:59:27,530
to describe a variety
1193
00:59:27,530 --> 00:59:30,145
of megalithic monuments
all over the world, but
1194
00:59:30,145 --> 00:59:33,020
although there is considerable
diversity in the monument
1195
00:59:33,020 --> 00:59:36,055
types, they're nevertheless
share many common
1196
00:59:36,055 --> 00:59:37,550
characteristics.
1197
00:59:37,550 --> 00:59:39,980
Old dolmans consist of a large capstone
1198
00:59:39,980 --> 00:59:42,050
or capstones supported by a number
1199
00:59:42,050 --> 00:59:44,330
of smaller upright stones.
1200
00:59:44,330 --> 00:59:48,740
This arrangement of stones
creates an enclosed chamber area.
1201
00:59:48,740 --> 00:59:50,840
Excavations have shown that the majority
1202
00:59:50,840 --> 00:59:53,540
of do mens were used for
the burial of the dead.
1203
00:59:53,540 --> 00:59:55,525
In some of these monuments, the remains
1204
00:59:55,525 --> 00:59:58,370
of numerous people were
discovered mixed together in a
1205
00:59:58,370 --> 01:00:00,020
communal deposit.
1206
01:00:00,020 --> 01:00:02,030
Archeologists believe these collections
1207
01:00:02,030 --> 01:00:05,210
of bones may represent ancestral remains
1208
01:00:05,210 --> 01:00:07,850
and that do mens, were
not only burial sites,
1209
01:00:07,850 --> 01:00:09,560
but also primitive temples
1210
01:00:09,560 --> 01:00:11,990
where the ancestors may
have been venerated.
1211
01:00:13,100 --> 01:00:14,660
One of the most puzzling aspects
1212
01:00:14,660 --> 01:00:17,630
of the do mens is the
massive size of the stones,
1213
01:00:17,630 --> 01:00:19,370
particularly the capstone
1214
01:00:19,370 --> 01:00:22,040
or capstones used to construct them.
1215
01:00:22,040 --> 01:00:24,350
For some reason, the
builders chose the largest
1216
01:00:24,350 --> 01:00:27,055
and heaviest stones they
could find the majority
1217
01:00:27,055 --> 01:00:28,790
of which they dressed and shaped
1218
01:00:28,790 --> 01:00:30,650
before putting them in place.
1219
01:00:30,650 --> 01:00:33,890
How and why they did this is
still a perplexing mystery
1220
01:00:33,890 --> 01:00:35,090
to archeologists.
1221
01:00:36,200 --> 01:00:38,180
Unfortunately, the future of the doorman
1222
01:00:38,180 --> 01:00:40,490
of Guda Paral is still uncertain.
1223
01:00:40,490 --> 01:00:44,150
Castano has organized a group
of concerned local residents
1224
01:00:44,150 --> 01:00:46,880
who are campaigning to have
the stone monument moved
1225
01:00:46,880 --> 01:00:50,450
to a site on dry land before
the waters rise again,
1226
01:00:50,450 --> 01:00:53,060
and they are lost for who knows how long,
1227
01:00:53,060 --> 01:00:55,610
and perhaps damage beyond repair.
1228
01:00:55,610 --> 01:00:59,120
Castano explained if we miss
the chance, it could be years
1229
01:00:59,120 --> 01:01:01,250
before they are revealed again,
1230
01:01:01,250 --> 01:01:03,260
and the stones, which are granite and
1231
01:01:03,260 --> 01:01:05,690
therefore porous, are
already showing signs
1232
01:01:05,690 --> 01:01:07,340
of erosion and cracking.
1233
01:01:07,340 --> 01:01:10,370
So if we don't act now,
it will be too late.
1234
01:01:10,370 --> 01:01:12,440
It isn't a difficult thing to move them.
1235
01:01:12,440 --> 01:01:14,720
We have machinery now to do that.
1236
01:01:14,720 --> 01:01:17,090
Let's just hope that there
is the political will
1237
01:01:17,090 --> 01:01:18,530
to save them while we can.
1238
01:01:19,520 --> 01:01:22,280
Castano and his group
created an online petition
1239
01:01:22,280 --> 01:01:26,870
to save the monument, which
obtained over 44,000 signatures.
1240
01:01:26,870 --> 01:01:29,840
However, the Spanish
ministries of culture and sport
1241
01:01:29,840 --> 01:01:31,730
and ecological transition along
1242
01:01:31,730 --> 01:01:35,185
with a team from the university
of extra madura decided
1243
01:01:35,185 --> 01:01:36,380
that the transportation
1244
01:01:36,380 --> 01:01:38,660
of the megaliths would damage the doman.
1245
01:01:38,660 --> 01:01:42,560
So the doman of Guap Al
remains where it is waiting
1246
01:01:42,560 --> 01:01:45,620
to be submerged once
again beneath the waters
1247
01:01:45,620 --> 01:01:47,540
of the Val de Kenyas reservoir.
97265
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