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Summer 1944.
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Almost five years after Adolf
Hitler triggered World War Two.
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Allied forces pushed the
German army out of Normandy
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while the Soviet advance in
the East seemed unstoppable.
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Despite this,
the Fuhrer appeared relaxed.
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Hitler is presenting
an aura that suggests,
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“Everything is just a little setback on
what is a destined providential path.”
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The Fuhrer’s belief in victory
was at odds with his top generals.
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Many of his senior commanders are
beginning to ask themselves more and more,
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“What are we going
to do about Hitler?”
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00:00:59,689 --> 00:01:02,159
"If you go on fighting the
Germany going to be destroyed."
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Hitler, who was the man
behind the monster?
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There were just so many parts of
this story that didn't add up.
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Teenage loner turns national hero.
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He was the Messiah
for the German people.
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How was he able to achieve it?
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All of it was an act.
All of it was a show.
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This is the definitive guide to
the most hated man in history.
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HITLER
THE DOWNFALL
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In July 1944,
Adolf Hitler was under siege.
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The allies were closing in and his
own forces were plotting his demise.
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As the endgame approached,
he launched a reign of terror
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and retreated into a fantasy world.
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But for the moment,
he still believed in certain victory.
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7th of July.
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Adolf Hitler arrived at
Klessheim Castle in Austria.
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To help reassure Germans
that they would win the war,
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the Fuhrer’s propaganda team
staged events for him to inspect
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what he called Wunderwaffe,
wonder weapons.
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A constant refrain of Hitler's in
the late period of the war is that,
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“Hold on the wonder
weapons are coming.”
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Certainly, by bringing forth the
possibility of wonder weapons,
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he is giving his officers, his men, and
his people a reason to stay in the field
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until the bitter end.
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Nazi scientists had been developing
the next generation of weapons,
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including a jet fighter ME-262,
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giant U-boats,
and a nearly 200 ton tank.
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But the most fearsome was the
vengeance weapon 2, or V2 rocket.
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These photographs by Walter Frentz reveal a
test of the world's first ballistic missile.
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Development of the V2 was so secret,
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Hitler banned Frentz from
making the photographs public.
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You probably could say he is falling
into some kind of self-delusion.
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None of these secret weapons individually
were going to turn the tide of the war.
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Unlike the German people, some members of
the army didn't fall for Hitler's vision.
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That opposition is not from the
highest reaches of the officer corps.
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It is not Hitler's generals.
It is what we would today call
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field grade officers.
Hitler's war has led them all into disaster,
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and Hitler's recent decisions have
been particularly catastrophic.
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20th of July 1944.
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The Wolf's Lair, Hitler's
headquarter on the Eastern Front.
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The Fuhrer was on his way to meet
his senior military advisers.
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At 12:30 p.m., the meeting began with a
discussion on how best to use the army units
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currently based in Germany.
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Hitler is just leaning
over this massive oak table
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upon which there’s a map
of the military situation.
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The whole table just
vaporizes beneath him.
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At 12:42 p.m., an explosion killed four
men and destroyed the conference room.
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But the target of the
bombing plot escaped alive.
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The blast blew a lot of Hitler's clothes
off, such was the magnitude of it.
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It seems to be a miracle, at least certainly
in Hitler's eyes, that he's survived.
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Just over two hours later, a defiant
Hitler put on a show of invincibility.
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He doesn't even cancel his
events for the rest of the day.
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Mussolini is on the way to a visit,
Hitler greets him
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and takes him on a tour of the building
in which he had almost just been killed.
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Since becoming Nazi party leader there had
been over 40 attempts on Hitler's life,
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though none had come as close as this.
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12 hours after the blast,
the Fuhrer made a radio address
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to the nation to prove he was alive.
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The impromptu speech was the
first time in over a year
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that he had spoken directly
to the German people.
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His voice is unmistakable.
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Indeed, some of the plotters
listen to the radio broadcasts
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and they say to themselves,
“It's all up, we failed.”
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The plot to kill Hitler was led by
Army Colonel Klaus von Stauffenberg.
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Removing Adolf Hitler as
this borderline insane guy
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who was going to run Germany into the ditch
and replace him with more rational statesmen
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and military leaders who
will wind down the war
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and try to preserve
German power intact.
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Stauffenberg had placed a briefcase
bomb within yards of Hitler's feet.
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Hitler's death was to be
the signal for an army coup.
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By the time Hitler was on air,
Stauffenberg
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and three of his coconspirators
had already been executed.
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Others would soon meet their fates.
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In the meantime,
Hitler made another public appearance,
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this time visiting those
wounded in the blast.
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There's cotton wool stuffed in
his ears to protect his eardrums
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after they've been burst by the blast.
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His right arm and hand are an
obvious massive amounts of discomfort.
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He has serious balance
problems and in fact urges
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that he not be put in front of an
audience at any time in the near future
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because he might just keel right over.
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As Hitler left the hospital,
an adoring crowd awaits him.
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Part of an upsurge in
Pro-Hitler sentiment.
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Many ordinary Germans really did feel a great
sense of relief that Hitler had survived.
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There are lots of demonstrations
across Germany of support for Hitler,
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enthusiasm for Hitler, letters saying,
“Thank God, you've been saved.”
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But the adulation did nothing
to heal the emotional scars.
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He is very, very scared
by what's happened
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and he becomes increasingly paranoid that
something like this will happen again.
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He therefore orders that nobody
near him can wear a pistol.
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In many ways, Hitler becomes like
one of those mad Roman emperors
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who's obsessed with people
trying to poison him.
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Hitler forced 15 women,
taken from local villages,
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to taste his food before every meal.
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After they'd eaten it and survived,
they'd burst into tears with relief
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because they were so kind of wound up
that this could be their last mouthful.
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Hitler's paranoia knew no bounds.
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There have been traitors at every
turn; traitors in his entourage,
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traitors in the party, traitors in the
upper reaches of the officer corps,
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traitors all over the place.
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00:10:26,607 --> 00:10:31,123
Many of Hitler's most experienced
generals were replaced with yes-men.
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To demonstrate their loyalty, the
Wehrmacht made the Heil Hitler salute
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compulsory for all servicemen.
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The military was no longer capable
of staging a coup to oust him.
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And now Hitler wanted vengeance.
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He was ready to launch
a reign of terror.
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It was two weeks since Colonel Klaus von
Stauffenberg’s attempt to kill Adolf Hitler.
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The Fuhrer was intent on revenge.
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Any of Stauffenberg’s coconspirators,
who hadn't yet committed suicide,
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was subjected to show-trials in
the so-called People's Court.
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Hitler wanted what became known
in Germany as blood vengeance.
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Hitler has a vengeful personality,
we've seen that in the past.
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Here he can really let his vengeance,
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his sense of vengeance go
because here are real plotters,
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real threats to the German people,
real threats to the German future.
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He orders them all to be hung up with piano
wire, which is the most gruesome death.
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00:12:03,243 --> 00:12:07,126
What makes it even more gruesome
is that Hitler has it filmed.
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According to Albert Speer, Hitler watched
films of the executions night after night.
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00:12:22,121 --> 00:12:27,659
Meanwhile, Heinrich Himmler's Gestapo
executed anyone, perceived as a threat.
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00:12:29,050 --> 00:12:33,109
A new kind of criminal justice is
now put into play - Sippenhaft.
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The arrest of those who are disloyal to the
regime and the punishment of their families.
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It leads to massive
reprisals all across Germany,
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as Hitler now pursues his sick
revenge fantasies against anyone
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even remotely suspected of
connection to this plot.
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7000 Germans are arrested,
4980 killed.
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Along with this repressive state
came a heightening of repression
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within the armed forces.
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Tens of thousands of German
soldiers are put on trial
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and shot in this last year of the war,
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usually at specious charges
of desertion or cowardice.
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For an army whose manpower
reserves had become so limited
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this was the last thing it needed.
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24th of August 1944, as Hitler ordered
the execution of his own troops,
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allied forces liberated Paris.
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00:13:32,867 --> 00:13:36,990
Within three weeks, US troops
became the first invading force
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to set foot on German
soil since the war began.
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Most Germans are despairing, they
know the war is almost assuredly lost
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and yet the Hitler myth precedes.
There are enough people who believe
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that Hitler still might have
one last trick in his bag.
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On the 6th of September 1944, the
first V2 rocket was fired at Paris.
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But like the rest
of Hitler's wonder weapons,
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it failed to stop
the advancing allied forces.
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Six weeks later, the Red Army crossed
the German border into East Prussia.
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Nazi propaganda seized on
evidence of atrocities.
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00:14:34,632 --> 00:14:40,414
We have now Goebbels and Hitler pressing
the notion that if you don't fight harder,
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if you don't ward off those
Asiatic hordes from the East,
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they're going to exact
horrifying revenge.
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The Red Army wanted revenge for the Soviets
civilians murdered during Hitler's invasion.
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00:15:00,722 --> 00:15:04,260
Yet the Fuhrer rejected any
suggestion of a peace deal.
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The rumors of the awful things,
in fact, they're did the same things
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that German soldiers and security men have
been doing in the East of course for years.
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But for the German people is horrifying
that this could happen to us.
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And I think for a great many
German men, for example,
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that they see that they're one task
now is somehow defend their families
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and so on from the red terror.
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Hitler was driven by memories of
the so-called stab in the back.
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His belief that socialist
politicians betrayed Germany
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by surrendering at the
end of World War one.
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One of the significance of the
belief of the stab in the back
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is a determination that it
will never happen again.
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And so that when we move
forward to the Second World War,
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defeat destruction with honor
is preferable to surrender.
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He will never allow any of
his soldiers to surrender,
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and he certainly won't
surrender himself.
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00:16:06,528 --> 00:16:10,816
When the Fuhrer's inner circle
urged him to rally public support,
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Hitler ignored his people's plight.
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For ordinary German people is a
problem, who are we fighting for?
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I think for a lot of soldiers,
a lot of ordinary workers and so on,
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they are increasingly fighting for
Germany now, not fighting for Hitler.
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00:16:27,877 --> 00:16:34,680
Hitler's public presence faded as his sole
focus became turning the tide of the war,
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which he believed
only he could achieve.
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If he doesn't do something now,
sooner or later,
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he's going to be squeezed between the
vice of the Western allies on the one hand
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and Russia on the other. In his view,
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the better chance of succeeding
is taking on the Western allies.
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00:16:53,154 --> 00:16:56,743
He doesn't have a hugely high
regard for American troops.
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Using his panzer divisions, Hitler
wanted to attack between American
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and British forces in the Ardennes’s
forest and take the Port of Antwerp,
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the crucial supply line.
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00:17:10,188 --> 00:17:13,404
This is Hitler's last
big roll of the dice.
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00:17:13,747 --> 00:17:18,598
If he can split these armies,
then this will vastly slow down
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the allied deployment to Western
Europe, allow him to defend them off
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and then turn everything he has against
the Soviet Army moving in from the East.
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00:17:29,917 --> 00:17:33,911
Hitler's generals knew they didn't
have enough fuel or military hardware
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00:17:33,975 --> 00:17:37,147
and were woefully underequipped
for such an assault.
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They told him even if they did reach Antwerp,
there was no way of holding the port.
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He just disregards at all and says,
“Believe me, it's going to work,
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00:17:50,599 --> 00:17:55,591
we're going to unhinge the enemy in
the West as we unhinged them in 1940.”
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00:17:58,615 --> 00:18:01,576
Hitler launched his
operation Autumn Mist,
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a conflict more famously known
as the Battle of the Bulge.
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Initially,
the allies were caught unprepared.
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00:18:22,797 --> 00:18:29,473
But Germany lost 300 planes and
100.000 men in just 40 days fighting.
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00:18:30,896 --> 00:18:33,456
Hitler's gamble was a disaster.
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00:18:39,930 --> 00:18:43,516
As his generals feared,
Germany's forces were unable
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00:18:43,580 --> 00:18:47,915
to cope with allied air
superiority and troop numbers.
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00:18:49,647 --> 00:18:53,977
Hitler demanded a showdown
with his military commanders.
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Hitler reacts to the failure of
field of the Ardennes offensive
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really rather characteristically, of course,
that he blames everybody except himself.
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00:19:03,588 --> 00:19:06,211
It's the fault of the German
generals and the German troops,
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who simply didn't live up
to his high expectations.
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“I decorated them and I spoil them with
everything and they've just betrayed me.”
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00:19:17,858 --> 00:19:23,466
Hitler's failed attack left both ground
and air forces critically weakened.
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Germany could no longer fend
off the allies from the West
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00:19:30,720 --> 00:19:33,020
or the Soviets from the East.
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00:19:33,989 --> 00:19:36,254
There's a bleep moment of truth.
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Hitler realizes that there aren't any more
gambles, there's got nothing else to play.
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Hitler responded in typical fashion.
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He threatened to kill himself.
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Just like in 1923, in the wake
of the failed Munich putsch
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and in 1931 on learning of his
beloved niece Geli's death.
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00:20:06,031 --> 00:20:11,618
But as Colonel Below later recalled,
Hitler changed to another course of action.
222
00:20:12,238 --> 00:20:19,106
“Will not capitulate, never, we can go
down, but we'll take the world with us.”
223
00:20:20,901 --> 00:20:24,574
His propaganda mastermind,
Joseph Goebbels,
224
00:20:24,638 --> 00:20:28,182
the man more responsible than
any other for the Hitler's rise,
225
00:20:28,343 --> 00:20:31,152
begged his Fuhrer to
speak to the people.
226
00:20:32,894 --> 00:20:38,157
Despite Goebbels exhortation’s, “Come on
Mein Fuhrer, go out there, rally people.”
227
00:20:38,715 --> 00:20:41,798
Hitler knows it's there's nothing there.
There's nothing to defend.
228
00:20:43,921 --> 00:20:47,782
Conceding that his dream of a
Thousand Year Reich was over,
229
00:20:49,107 --> 00:20:54,680
Hitler found someone new to blame -
the German people.
230
00:20:57,063 --> 00:21:01,962
He feels they have let him down
and they've let themselves down.
231
00:21:02,026 --> 00:21:06,192
In his own racial fantasies only the
strong survive and if the Germans
232
00:21:06,256 --> 00:21:10,936
are now going down to defeat it is
because they are not worthy to survive.
233
00:21:11,529 --> 00:21:17,912
The once feared German war machine was now
retreating further back into the Fatherland.
234
00:21:22,605 --> 00:21:28,317
As the net closed in, Hitler was now
committed to sacrificing his people
235
00:21:28,467 --> 00:21:31,951
in an act of spite
against the German nation.
236
00:21:34,469 --> 00:21:40,968
On the 31st of January 1945, Stalin's
Red Army reached the Oder River.
237
00:21:41,189 --> 00:21:44,089
They were just 43 miles from Berlin.
238
00:21:46,408 --> 00:21:50,595
In the past seven months,
hundreds of thousands have died
239
00:21:50,659 --> 00:21:53,925
defending Hitler's
Germany from invasion.
240
00:21:54,062 --> 00:21:56,982
They are now having to call
up young boys and old men.
241
00:21:59,117 --> 00:22:02,695
This really the last
throw of the dice.
242
00:22:05,602 --> 00:22:10,011
In a rare moment of honest reflection,
Hitler dictated his thoughts
243
00:22:10,075 --> 00:22:13,175
to his private secretary,
Martin Bormann.
244
00:22:15,883 --> 00:22:19,278
"The situation is serious,
very serious."
245
00:22:19,342 --> 00:22:21,819
"It seems even to be desperate."
246
00:22:22,839 --> 00:22:26,544
What he makes clear is that the
current Germans have let him down,
247
00:22:26,932 --> 00:22:31,469
but there will come a new Germany.
New generations will come.
248
00:22:32,434 --> 00:22:35,851
"Whatever reverses, we may suffer
in the days that lie ahead of us,
249
00:22:36,026 --> 00:22:38,904
but the German people will
draw fresh strength from them
250
00:22:38,983 --> 00:22:43,979
and whatever may happen today,
it will live to know a glorious tomorrow."
251
00:22:51,008 --> 00:22:55,483
Hitler retreated to a bunker complex
beneath the Reich Chancellery.
252
00:22:58,630 --> 00:23:00,902
Hitler could go anywhere he wants,
253
00:23:00,966 --> 00:23:03,852
he can order up a plane you
can fly to over Salzburg,
254
00:23:03,916 --> 00:23:06,670
he can go to
the American’s zone in the hope
255
00:23:06,734 --> 00:23:10,680
that he'll be taken by them.
So remarkably, Hitler stays in Berlin,
256
00:23:10,857 --> 00:23:13,846
stays right in the path of the Red Army
that's coming to get him.
257
00:23:13,910 --> 00:23:20,240
Hitler was clearly decided that he
wants to somehow create the final drama
258
00:23:20,304 --> 00:23:24,991
the way he wants it and the final drama is
that he will be there in the German capital,
259
00:23:25,055 --> 00:23:31,624
in his chancellery, defending the Reich to
the last against the encircling enemies.
260
00:23:32,811 --> 00:23:38,325
The Great Dictator, who once ruled from
an opulent headquarters in the Alps,
261
00:23:38,425 --> 00:23:42,690
now spent most of his day
in a nine by 12 foot room.
262
00:23:42,754 --> 00:23:48,663
From early February he spends
all his time inside the bunker,
263
00:23:48,727 --> 00:23:54,952
and I think in a way his ability
to do that reflects the way
264
00:23:55,016 --> 00:23:58,183
in which his surroundings are
actually not important to him.
265
00:23:58,247 --> 00:24:00,546
That's not what matters.
266
00:24:00,610 --> 00:24:04,703
He's not a man who seeks
great comfort or luxury,
267
00:24:04,767 --> 00:24:08,146
or even anything particularly
pleasant in his surroundings.
268
00:24:08,977 --> 00:24:13,389
It's damp, it smells of diesel,
there are noisy generators,
269
00:24:13,453 --> 00:24:16,249
it’s an unpleasant place to be.
270
00:24:18,085 --> 00:24:21,536
Hitler's only glimpse of daylight
was during his daily walks
271
00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:26,275
in the Reich Chancellery garden
with his faithful dog, Blondie.
272
00:24:27,244 --> 00:24:29,544
His health was failing rapidly.
273
00:24:34,216 --> 00:24:36,464
He looks like an old man.
274
00:24:36,528 --> 00:24:38,828
He's acting like an old man.
275
00:24:39,048 --> 00:24:43,373
He's doddery, he's incoherent,
he rages more and more.
276
00:24:44,038 --> 00:24:48,302
People close to him find it
difficult to know exactly
277
00:24:48,366 --> 00:24:53,340
what he's thinking as he totally
despairing, or does he still have hope?
278
00:24:57,250 --> 00:25:00,937
As German forces collapsed in
both the East and the West,
279
00:25:01,031 --> 00:25:04,041
Hitler withdrew into
a world of fantasy.
280
00:25:05,159 --> 00:25:08,377
Is he planning new strategies to get
Germany out of the problem it's in?
281
00:25:08,441 --> 00:25:11,025
Is he opening negotiations
with the allies?
282
00:25:11,108 --> 00:25:13,408
He's doing none of these things.
283
00:25:13,525 --> 00:25:18,468
He's peering at models of an
architectural rebuilding of Linz.
284
00:25:18,630 --> 00:25:22,675
Hitler's personal cameraman
Walter Frentz captured him
285
00:25:22,739 --> 00:25:27,115
unveiling an intricate model of
his beloved hometown in Austria.
286
00:25:27,872 --> 00:25:33,542
It was a moment Hitler had waited for since
commissioning the project five years ago.
287
00:25:33,620 --> 00:25:36,091
There he is, like a little boy.
288
00:25:36,155 --> 00:25:43,011
His kind of long term childhood passion
reignited, and he's staring at every detail.
289
00:25:46,396 --> 00:25:51,801
His thoughts turned to his jubilant
homecoming during the Anschluss in 1938.
290
00:25:53,171 --> 00:25:59,044
Since then, his armies had looted
monuments from across Europe to adorn Linz.
291
00:26:00,150 --> 00:26:05,606
His old hometown is going to be the
recipient of this great treasure,
292
00:26:05,670 --> 00:26:08,905
so that Linz will
finally outshine Vienna
293
00:26:08,969 --> 00:26:12,642
and really be the city
of the cultural future.
294
00:26:15,305 --> 00:26:19,016
Hitler still talked of
retiring to Linz after the war.
295
00:26:20,746 --> 00:26:26,588
It was a dream that was clearly a delusion
and which was shattered just days later.
296
00:26:33,428 --> 00:26:38,800
Hitler heard news of the Yalta Conference,
where allied leaders Winston Churchill,
297
00:26:38,864 --> 00:26:44,727
Franklin Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin
were meeting to discuss postwar Europe.
298
00:26:47,736 --> 00:26:51,460
The three leaders agreed there
would be no negotiated end,
299
00:26:51,524 --> 00:26:56,915
only unconditional surrender and
war criminals would be put on trial.
300
00:26:57,105 --> 00:27:02,456
Armaments Minister Albert Speer
recalled Hitler's defiant response.
301
00:27:02,791 --> 00:27:07,113
“I have always said there can
be no question of capitulation."
302
00:27:07,335 --> 00:27:09,816
"History does not repeat itself.”
303
00:27:11,284 --> 00:27:13,720
It doesn't really matter if
everyone's dead at the end of it,
304
00:27:13,784 --> 00:27:17,068
but certain words, they've never
surrendered all the support to Hitler.
305
00:27:18,678 --> 00:27:24,553
On the 24th of February 1945,
Hitler's most loyal Nazi bosses,
306
00:27:24,617 --> 00:27:27,653
the Gauleiters,
was summoned to Berlin.
307
00:27:28,805 --> 00:27:31,018
The Gauleiters, who haven't
seen him for about six months,
308
00:27:31,082 --> 00:27:35,351
a pretty shocked at his appearance.
He's in a hell of a state, he looks haggard,
309
00:27:35,415 --> 00:27:39,396
he's kind of dragging his feet along the
floors, he's got bags under his eyes,
310
00:27:39,460 --> 00:27:42,470
even saliva is dribbling
from his mouth.
311
00:27:42,534 --> 00:27:47,171
They come from the four corners of Germany,
expecting to hear some explanation,
312
00:27:47,235 --> 00:27:50,763
some plan for how Hitler is going
to get them out of this mess
313
00:27:50,827 --> 00:27:53,832
and what they hear is
profoundly disillusioning.
314
00:27:53,896 --> 00:27:57,798
Hitler repeats and
rambles and rehashes.
315
00:28:02,952 --> 00:28:06,595
Hitler fondly recalled his
first speech as Chancellor
316
00:28:07,540 --> 00:28:10,274
when he commanded the
attention of the nation.
317
00:28:13,815 --> 00:28:17,952
For hours he relived past
triumphs with barely a mention
318
00:28:18,016 --> 00:28:20,353
of his country's present nightmares.
319
00:28:21,092 --> 00:28:24,043
For the first time since
the early days of the party
320
00:28:24,107 --> 00:28:28,430
these staunch Nazis are no longer
convinced by what he has to say.
321
00:28:28,587 --> 00:28:33,105
Both mentally and physically,
he can no longer inspire them,
322
00:28:33,169 --> 00:28:35,469
and he probably can't save Germany.
323
00:28:35,650 --> 00:28:40,221
It's a bit like turning up the wake,
it's a wake for the funeral of a Third Reich.
324
00:28:40,285 --> 00:28:43,589
The war is lost and not just
lost but catastrophically lost,
325
00:28:43,653 --> 00:28:46,948
and everything they've
struggled for has failed.
326
00:28:52,019 --> 00:28:54,734
In a rare excursion from his bunker,
327
00:28:54,798 --> 00:29:01,289
Hitler visited Army headquarters on the
Eastern Front, now just 40 miles from Berlin.
328
00:29:03,116 --> 00:29:06,611
Months of military setbacks
have taken their toll.
329
00:29:08,417 --> 00:29:12,986
All films of Hitler would
be very carefully monitored
330
00:29:13,050 --> 00:29:18,208
for whether they showed any signs
of his physical deterioration.
331
00:29:19,321 --> 00:29:24,372
In his penultimate appearance
on camera it's very clear to see
332
00:29:24,436 --> 00:29:27,119
that his left arm is shaking.
333
00:29:28,408 --> 00:29:33,998
For at least two years, Hitler had shown an
uncontrollable trembling in his left arm,
334
00:29:34,283 --> 00:29:37,857
a jerking left knee,
and a shuffling gait.
335
00:29:37,921 --> 00:29:44,290
Now, at just 55 years old, the symptoms were
so severe they undermined his authority.
336
00:29:44,469 --> 00:29:47,846
People don't respect him.
Once you hold this shot right here,
337
00:29:48,265 --> 00:29:51,269
we see in the old days
Hitler would be standing,
338
00:29:51,333 --> 00:29:54,296
he would command the room,
people will be looking at him.
339
00:29:54,360 --> 00:30:01,041
And in this particular situation, he's
sitting down and the high difference means
340
00:30:01,139 --> 00:30:04,562
that these people here are
now looking down to Hitler
341
00:30:04,626 --> 00:30:07,416
versus Hitler looking down to them,
which a leader does.
342
00:30:07,480 --> 00:30:10,011
He's a broken man and he
knows the end is near.
343
00:30:12,644 --> 00:30:19,494
On the 7th of March 1945, the woman who
had stood by Hitler for the last 13 years,
344
00:30:19,558 --> 00:30:22,554
Eva Braun, arrived in Berlin.
345
00:30:24,377 --> 00:30:28,745
People are shocked because they know
that Hitler has ordered her not to come.
346
00:30:28,809 --> 00:30:31,979
Hitler wants her to stay safe,
away from Berlin,
347
00:30:32,043 --> 00:30:34,834
but she's decided
that she wants to be with Hitler.
348
00:30:34,898 --> 00:30:38,397
She knows that Hitler is never
going to leave that bunker alive,
349
00:30:38,461 --> 00:30:40,846
and she wants to be there with him.
350
00:30:47,185 --> 00:30:51,396
Hitler received a memo from his
armaments minister, Albert Speer,
351
00:30:51,520 --> 00:30:54,860
saying the German economy
faced imminent collapse,
352
00:30:54,924 --> 00:30:57,879
which would leave them
unable to fight the war.
353
00:31:02,089 --> 00:31:05,822
Four days later,
Hitler summoned Speer to the bunker.
354
00:31:05,999 --> 00:31:10,550
He was determined to destroy
Germany rather than surrender.
355
00:31:11,636 --> 00:31:15,615
Hitler demanded Speer destroy
Germany's infrastructure
356
00:31:15,709 --> 00:31:21,173
by implementing a scorched earth
policy, later known as the Nero Decree,
357
00:31:21,237 --> 00:31:26,130
after the Roman emperor, who was believed
to have burned Rome to the ground.
358
00:31:27,143 --> 00:31:30,086
Finally, hearing that the war is lost,
liberates Hitler
359
00:31:30,150 --> 00:31:32,975
to be the radical he always
perceived himself to be.
360
00:31:33,039 --> 00:31:37,100
In Mein Kampf Hitler states that
Germany will be a world power
361
00:31:37,164 --> 00:31:42,923
or it will be nothing and when he realizes
that the war is lost is as good as his word.
362
00:31:43,003 --> 00:31:48,257
Power plants, factories, roads,
dams, they are all to be destroyed.
363
00:31:48,321 --> 00:31:50,680
They are to leave the
German people with nothing,
364
00:31:50,744 --> 00:31:54,365
even for a true believer like
Speer and he is a true believer,
365
00:31:54,429 --> 00:31:56,937
the Nero order goes too far.
366
00:31:58,221 --> 00:32:03,843
Speer worked to persuade the army and local
party chiefs to ignore Hitler's demands.
367
00:32:05,151 --> 00:32:09,553
He was the first Nazi minister
to openly disobey the Fuhrer,
368
00:32:09,657 --> 00:32:14,048
a clear sign Hitler's
absolute control was waning.
369
00:32:15,990 --> 00:32:19,534
In the bunker,
he's absolutely out of touch.
370
00:32:19,748 --> 00:32:23,278
He can't see what's
happening across his country.
371
00:32:23,342 --> 00:32:26,369
I don't think he even knows
that he's being disobeyed.
372
00:32:31,010 --> 00:32:33,900
The last surviving footage of Hitler.
373
00:32:34,468 --> 00:32:37,743
A man whose rise to power
was made by the media
374
00:32:37,874 --> 00:32:43,430
and who for the past 12 years had
insisted every major event be filmed.
375
00:32:44,493 --> 00:32:49,286
He was meeting a group of Hitler Youth
who were fighting to protect Berlin.
376
00:32:53,492 --> 00:32:57,416
Hitler makes a big thing that the
Hitler Youth are really loyal to him,
377
00:32:57,480 --> 00:32:59,783
and he praises them
for defending Berlin.
378
00:33:01,234 --> 00:33:05,200
There are teams of people going
around and arresting anybody
379
00:33:05,264 --> 00:33:09,282
who tries to escape and
stringing them up on lampposts.
380
00:33:10,604 --> 00:33:16,235
To preserve Hitler's credibility, the
sensor cut this camera angle from the film.
381
00:33:17,993 --> 00:33:22,592
Hitler's hand shook violently
as he concealed it from view.
382
00:33:27,109 --> 00:33:31,041
One minute he snatches at the piece of news
and thinks that might be a positive thing.
383
00:33:31,290 --> 00:33:34,674
At another moment, of course,
he is plunged into despair.
384
00:33:34,738 --> 00:33:38,148
By this stage, Hitler hope that Providence
has got something up its sleeve.
385
00:33:44,940 --> 00:33:48,350
Hitler's hope of divine
intervention was dashed.
386
00:33:48,740 --> 00:33:54,240
Stalin directed the brutal power of
the Red Army towards Germany's capital.
387
00:33:55,684 --> 00:34:00,567
He's asking for updates.
How long till they get here?
388
00:34:00,631 --> 00:34:04,291
How many hours from the
center of Berlin are they?
389
00:34:05,205 --> 00:34:08,795
Four days later,
on Hitler's 56th birthday,
390
00:34:08,958 --> 00:34:12,156
the Soviets were
just 10 miles from Berlin.
391
00:34:15,784 --> 00:34:20,704
For the first time as Fuhrer,
he shunned all celebration.
392
00:34:23,510 --> 00:34:28,168
Throughout his life, Hitler has
made a big thing of his birthday.
393
00:34:28,232 --> 00:34:32,550
But on this final birthday,
he's too depressed.
394
00:34:33,689 --> 00:34:38,103
Those around Hitler were
now contemplating the end.
395
00:34:39,295 --> 00:34:42,180
In the final weeks and
days in the bunker,
396
00:34:42,244 --> 00:34:47,414
people begin talking about the
best method for committing suicide,
397
00:34:47,478 --> 00:34:52,782
whether it's to take a cyanide capsule
or whether it's to shoot yourself
398
00:34:52,846 --> 00:34:57,677
and it's a kind of hideous
environment in which again and again,
399
00:34:57,741 --> 00:35:00,041
people come back to this subject.
400
00:35:05,011 --> 00:35:09,743
Hitler learned the third SS Panzer Corps
hadn't carried out the counteroffensive
401
00:35:09,807 --> 00:35:13,150
he ordered, an act,
he considered betrayal.
402
00:35:16,026 --> 00:35:20,606
For the first time ever, Hitler
publicly admits that he's given up,
403
00:35:20,833 --> 00:35:23,565
the facade has just gone,
it's crumbled completely,
404
00:35:23,629 --> 00:35:28,161
and all you're left with is
this husk who's just admitting
405
00:35:28,631 --> 00:35:31,251
that the battle is lost.
And this surely is the moment
406
00:35:31,315 --> 00:35:34,451
when he decides he's going to
end it all and he says as much.
407
00:35:34,515 --> 00:35:36,750
There are those like the Goebbels
408
00:35:36,814 --> 00:35:42,442
who have every intention of
following the Fuhrer to the death
409
00:35:42,884 --> 00:35:47,183
and are also preparing for suicide
410
00:35:47,247 --> 00:35:52,488
and preparing to kill their six
children but there are many others.
411
00:35:52,553 --> 00:35:58,327
The majority of others who are
thanking Hitler for the cyanide tablet
412
00:35:58,391 --> 00:36:01,293
but thinking,
“How can I get out of here in life?”
413
00:36:01,357 --> 00:36:06,041
And for a lot of people at the very
end, their survival instinct kicks in.
414
00:36:06,514 --> 00:36:10,457
Hitler told his staff he would
stay in Berlin and kill himself.
415
00:36:11,446 --> 00:36:13,746
Then have his body burned.
416
00:36:14,952 --> 00:36:20,855
In reply, he received a surprising
telegram from his deputy Hermann Goering.
417
00:36:22,802 --> 00:36:29,459
He suddenly gets news from Goering,
who's managed to flee to Bavaria, saying,
418
00:36:29,523 --> 00:36:32,565
“Dear Fuhrer, you're locked up in
Berlin, you can't do anything very much."
419
00:36:32,629 --> 00:36:34,929
"So I think I better take over.”
420
00:36:36,528 --> 00:36:39,533
Goering wanted Germany's top job.
421
00:36:39,922 --> 00:36:44,328
For Hitler, that's absolutely unacceptable.
There is only one Fuhrer.
422
00:36:44,965 --> 00:36:47,796
He then discovered SS
Chief Heinrich Himmler
423
00:36:47,860 --> 00:36:50,945
had been attempting to
negotiate with the allies.
424
00:36:52,805 --> 00:36:59,312
He's furious, because Hitler's loyalty
to him is a critical characteristic.
425
00:36:59,541 --> 00:37:05,134
Once somebody breaks
the bond than for Hitler
426
00:37:05,198 --> 00:37:08,847
that's the worst thing somebody can do.
427
00:37:12,026 --> 00:37:18,576
Unable to reach Himmler, Hitler ordered the
execution of his top aide, Hermann Fegelein.
428
00:37:20,807 --> 00:37:23,600
Guilty by association.
429
00:37:24,991 --> 00:37:28,991
Less than a year before
Hitler hosted Fegelein’s wedding
430
00:37:29,055 --> 00:37:31,487
to Eva Braun's sister, Gretl.
431
00:37:32,828 --> 00:37:36,955
Despite Eva’s pleas and the fact
that Gretl was about to give birth
432
00:37:37,019 --> 00:37:42,151
to Fegelein’s child Hitler
characteristically showed no mercy.
433
00:37:42,215 --> 00:37:45,607
He had Fegelein shot for desertion.
434
00:37:47,470 --> 00:37:50,818
He is always capable of
absolute ruthlessness
435
00:37:50,882 --> 00:37:55,158
and he will always carry
out his own wishes,
436
00:37:55,222 --> 00:38:00,257
and he will not submit to
the desires of other people.
437
00:38:03,076 --> 00:38:09,168
On the 23rd of April 1945, Stalin's
vengeful troops stormed into Berlin.
438
00:38:09,466 --> 00:38:12,208
Their target was Hitler's bunker.
439
00:38:14,498 --> 00:38:21,255
Towards the very end, when Albert Speer visits
him just a few days before the very end,
440
00:38:21,440 --> 00:38:27,068
he's really shocked to see that even
right down in the Fuhrer bunker,
441
00:38:27,229 --> 00:38:31,540
there are people who are
visibly drunk, people smoking;
442
00:38:32,250 --> 00:38:35,861
things that Hitler
absolutely disapproves of.
443
00:38:35,925 --> 00:38:41,668
The discipline is going
and chaos has broken out.
444
00:38:42,238 --> 00:38:45,879
For Adolf Hitler the
game was nearly over.
445
00:38:46,439 --> 00:38:49,523
There was only one card
left for him to play.
446
00:38:57,596 --> 00:39:01,514
Adolf Hitler was trapped in a
bunker below the Reich Chancellery
447
00:39:01,578 --> 00:39:04,584
as Soviet troops
wreaked havoc in Berlin.
448
00:39:11,584 --> 00:39:15,908
Here he learned that his old
friend Mussolini had been murdered
449
00:39:15,972 --> 00:39:20,838
and his body strung up alongside
his mistress in a Milan square.
450
00:39:23,386 --> 00:39:27,013
Hitler is desperately anxious that
it's not going to happen to him.
451
00:39:27,077 --> 00:39:30,705
Absolutely confirms his decision
that he will take his own life.
452
00:39:36,056 --> 00:39:41,839
Hitler turned his thoughts to Eva Braun,
the most loyal person in his life.
453
00:39:45,435 --> 00:39:48,374
He had always resisted
her desire to marry,
454
00:39:48,849 --> 00:39:51,952
claiming it would distract
him from his life's work.
455
00:39:52,651 --> 00:39:58,398
Now he had decided on suicide.
There was no reason to deny her wish.
456
00:39:58,550 --> 00:40:03,861
Hitler recognizes this
incredible loyalty and devotion
457
00:40:03,925 --> 00:40:10,761
that Eva Braun has given him
and he agrees to marry her.
458
00:40:16,703 --> 00:40:20,134
The simple ceremony took place
in Hitler's conference room
459
00:40:20,198 --> 00:40:23,220
in the bunker
just past midnight.
460
00:40:23,521 --> 00:40:29,659
They swapped rings which have been stolen
from prisoners in the Gestapo jail,
461
00:40:29,733 --> 00:40:33,308
and they sign their
wedding certificate.
462
00:40:34,534 --> 00:40:39,137
Eva Braun seems to be flustered,
she signs Eva B
463
00:40:39,201 --> 00:40:41,791
and then crosses that B
and puts Hitler.
464
00:40:43,681 --> 00:40:47,762
That night, Hitler and his secretary,
Traudl Junge,
465
00:40:47,826 --> 00:40:53,018
withdrew to his study where he
dictated his final will and testament.
466
00:40:53,800 --> 00:41:00,677
He instructed that once he was dead,
Admiral Karl Dönitz should become president.
467
00:41:01,513 --> 00:41:06,913
Then he reaffirmed the obsessive
belief, he first expressed in Mein Kamp
468
00:41:06,977 --> 00:41:09,277
over 20 years before.
469
00:41:09,973 --> 00:41:12,243
This is what Hitler says
at the end in the bunker,
470
00:41:12,307 --> 00:41:15,310
“Above all I pledge the leadership
of the nation and its followers
471
00:41:15,374 --> 00:41:18,285
to the scrupulous observation
of the racial laws
472
00:41:18,349 --> 00:41:22,318
and to an implacable opposition to the
universal poisoner of all peoples,
473
00:41:22,382 --> 00:41:25,006
international Jewry.”
These are Hitler's last words.
474
00:41:25,500 --> 00:41:31,475
For Hitler the war was started by the
Jews and lost by his army Generals.
475
00:41:31,539 --> 00:41:35,174
He accepted no
responsibility for himself.
476
00:41:39,348 --> 00:41:43,397
Soviet forces were now just
a third of a mile from the bunker.
477
00:41:45,115 --> 00:41:49,027
At 3:00 p.m.,
Hitler asked his valet for his gun.
478
00:41:49,091 --> 00:41:54,902
He's always had the idea that it’s
success or death, there's no middle way.
479
00:41:55,054 --> 00:42:00,533
Suicide is a fitting gesture
for a hero such as himself.
480
00:42:05,390 --> 00:42:10,829
His wife, Eva, had chosen to
take cyanide and die with.
481
00:42:30,865 --> 00:42:37,669
On the first of May 1945, German Radio
announced the death of Adolf Hitler.
482
00:42:39,642 --> 00:42:45,635
To preserve the myth of his heroism, the
broadcast said he died fighting the Soviets.
483
00:42:48,657 --> 00:42:52,518
A wave of suicides
followed the announcement.
484
00:42:54,836 --> 00:42:58,575
Nazism is a death cult.
It's an ideology that stresses loyalty
485
00:42:58,639 --> 00:43:01,709
and selfless devotion to an ideal
and to a leader and of course,
486
00:43:01,773 --> 00:43:04,141
what better way for humans
to demonstrate
487
00:43:04,205 --> 00:43:06,605
that kind of loyalty than
to take their own lives?
488
00:43:08,492 --> 00:43:14,369
With their messiah now gone the cult
of Hitler quickly disintegrated.
489
00:43:14,786 --> 00:43:19,564
For many Germans, the magic spell is over.
The bond is cut, Hitler is dead.
490
00:43:19,628 --> 00:43:23,243
They're released, in a sense,
from their commitment.
491
00:43:24,581 --> 00:43:27,691
As images of the Fuhrer
were publicly burned,
492
00:43:27,755 --> 00:43:33,782
his followers scrambled to erase their
association with Hitler and the Nazis.
493
00:43:38,369 --> 00:43:41,554
On the 6th of May 1945,
494
00:43:41,659 --> 00:43:45,950
the remnants of the Nazi regime
sent General Alfred Jodl
495
00:43:46,014 --> 00:43:49,638
to sign Germany's
unconditional surrender.
496
00:43:52,230 --> 00:43:57,681
Across the world, 60 million men,
women and children lay dead;
497
00:43:57,966 --> 00:44:01,498
7,5 million of Hitler's own people.
498
00:44:05,419 --> 00:44:10,889
Victims of battle, of death camps,
499
00:44:12,208 --> 00:44:14,745
of one man's warped vision.
500
00:44:15,104 --> 00:44:17,757
Hitler had this incredible magnetism,
he had this ability
501
00:44:17,821 --> 00:44:20,553
to speak to Germans
deep in their soul.
502
00:44:34,423 --> 00:44:39,277
Such was the power of Hitler's
legacy that only in 2015
503
00:44:39,341 --> 00:44:44,587
was reprinting allowed of his
poisonous manifesto, Mein Kampf.
504
00:44:46,704 --> 00:44:49,590
We're told not to see the
world in black and white,
505
00:44:49,654 --> 00:44:53,631
always recognize that there are
various shades and gradations.
506
00:44:53,885 --> 00:44:57,419
But in Hitler's case, it's difficult
to see him as anything else
507
00:44:57,483 --> 00:44:59,783
but the embodiment of evil.
508
00:45:03,783 --> 00:45:19,783
Transcribed danel32.
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