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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,523 --> 00:00:04,439 ♪ 2 00:00:04,569 --> 00:00:06,441 Charlotte 3 00:00:06,571 --> 00:00:08,486 ♪ 4 00:00:08,617 --> 00:00:09,313 Deborah 5 00:00:09,444 --> 00:00:10,532 ♪ 6 00:00:10,662 --> 00:00:12,229 Suzanne 7 00:00:12,360 --> 00:00:15,058 ♪ 8 00:00:15,189 --> 00:00:16,233 Deidre 9 00:00:16,364 --> 00:00:17,843 ♪ 10 00:00:17,974 --> 00:00:19,019 Samantha 11 00:00:19,149 --> 00:00:20,498 ♪ 12 00:00:20,629 --> 00:00:21,238 Rowan 13 00:00:21,369 --> 00:00:22,935 ♪ 14 00:00:23,066 --> 00:00:24,024 Man: She's different from the others. 15 00:00:24,154 --> 00:00:25,416 ♪ 16 00:00:26,330 --> 00:00:30,813 ♪ 17 00:00:41,302 --> 00:00:43,130 Narrator: Double, double toil and trouble, 18 00:00:43,260 --> 00:00:45,088 fire burn and cauldron bubble, 19 00:00:45,219 --> 00:00:48,831 filet of a fenny snake, in the cauldron boil and bake. 20 00:00:52,487 --> 00:00:55,185 Where did you learn about witches? 21 00:00:55,316 --> 00:00:57,709 Are you a good witch or a bad witch? 22 00:00:57,840 --> 00:00:59,972 Who me? 23 00:01:00,103 --> 00:01:00,843 I'm not a witch at all. 24 00:01:00,973 --> 00:01:02,323 Well, is that the witch? 25 00:01:02,453 --> 00:01:03,846 Witch. 26 00:01:06,153 --> 00:01:08,851 Tell me, what do you do with witches? 27 00:01:08,981 --> 00:01:10,766 All: Burn them! 28 00:01:10,896 --> 00:01:12,985 Narrator: Witches have been known to put fear 29 00:01:13,116 --> 00:01:13,943 in the hearts of men. 30 00:01:14,074 --> 00:01:16,511 I'm not here to frighten you. 31 00:01:16,641 --> 00:01:19,514 ...and devour little children. 32 00:01:19,644 --> 00:01:24,127 Witches of England... you're a disgrace! 33 00:01:24,258 --> 00:01:25,955 We kill our husbands, too. 34 00:01:26,086 --> 00:01:28,610 Where did you all come up with these ideas? 35 00:01:29,828 --> 00:01:31,178 Lisa: If they're really witches, 36 00:01:31,308 --> 00:01:32,614 why don't they use their powers to escape? 37 00:01:32,744 --> 00:01:35,791 That sounds like witch talk to me. 38 00:01:35,921 --> 00:01:37,662 I kept trying to tell you. 39 00:01:37,793 --> 00:01:39,969 Narrator: The story is a lot more complicated. 40 00:01:40,100 --> 00:01:41,579 Witches aren't real, you guys. 41 00:01:43,451 --> 00:01:45,714 Occulus reparo. 42 00:01:45,844 --> 00:01:47,803 Let me hear you scream like a witch. 43 00:01:50,327 --> 00:01:53,287 Narrator: We're real, and we walk among you. 44 00:01:53,417 --> 00:01:58,074 ♪ 45 00:01:58,205 --> 00:02:01,512 There's a pretty big spectrum of what a witch can be. 46 00:02:01,643 --> 00:02:05,168 Wife, queen, daughter, mistress. 47 00:02:05,299 --> 00:02:07,257 Grossman: She can be young and sexy, 48 00:02:07,388 --> 00:02:10,826 but then she will seduce you to sin. 49 00:02:10,956 --> 00:02:14,090 Dorsey: You've got this image of the witch as the crone, 50 00:02:14,221 --> 00:02:15,787 wrinkly face. 51 00:02:15,918 --> 00:02:17,702 Rose: I don't have to have a witch's hat. 52 00:02:17,833 --> 00:02:20,401 You know, I do have cauldrons. I have many of them. 53 00:02:20,531 --> 00:02:22,229 Yates Garcia: I do my daily things. 54 00:02:22,359 --> 00:02:24,753 I clean up after my cats. I hate washing the dishes. 55 00:02:24,883 --> 00:02:26,407 Rose: I have to drop my kids off at school in the morning 56 00:02:26,537 --> 00:02:28,626 and I, like, attend parent-teacher meetings. 57 00:02:28,757 --> 00:02:31,455 I'm part of my community in all these different ways. 58 00:02:31,586 --> 00:02:33,457 This is me. 59 00:02:33,588 --> 00:02:36,982 Yates Garcia: A witch is someone who stands on her own 60 00:02:37,113 --> 00:02:38,332 and who's powerful. 61 00:02:38,462 --> 00:02:41,509 Who wouldn't want to be one? 62 00:02:41,639 --> 00:02:44,294 Dorsey: People respond to it with a joke or, you know, 63 00:02:44,425 --> 00:02:45,948 "I know another word that rhymes with witch, 64 00:02:46,078 --> 00:02:48,037 but it begins with a 'B.'" 65 00:02:48,168 --> 00:02:50,039 Luna: "Are you gonna put a spell on me?" 66 00:02:50,170 --> 00:02:52,302 Or, "Are you gonna hex me if we break up?" 67 00:02:52,433 --> 00:02:54,522 And it's like, "Maybe." 68 00:02:54,652 --> 00:02:57,046 Velasquez: Am I at home lighting candles and burning stuff 69 00:02:57,177 --> 00:02:58,874 so my crush will fall in love with me? 70 00:02:59,004 --> 00:03:02,269 100. 71 00:03:02,399 --> 00:03:05,272 Grossman: Witches represent both our fears 72 00:03:05,402 --> 00:03:09,885 and our fantasies about feminine power. 73 00:03:10,015 --> 00:03:14,237 Anybody that deviates from this perfect, 74 00:03:14,368 --> 00:03:18,894 maternal, beatific, obedient woman 75 00:03:19,024 --> 00:03:21,375 can be reframed as a winch. 76 00:03:21,505 --> 00:03:24,247 Narrator: Our journey has been long, 77 00:03:24,378 --> 00:03:27,163 and the truth will surprise you. 78 00:03:33,604 --> 00:03:39,741 ♪ 79 00:03:39,871 --> 00:03:46,313 ♪ 80 00:03:46,443 --> 00:03:48,053 I was brought up practicing witchcraft. 81 00:03:48,184 --> 00:03:50,621 My mother is a witch. 82 00:03:50,752 --> 00:03:54,973 She was resisting very patriarchal culture and society 83 00:03:55,104 --> 00:03:57,367 in the '50s. 84 00:03:57,498 --> 00:04:02,416 She was finding her power more and more when I was young, 85 00:04:02,546 --> 00:04:07,072 and so I was very influenced by that. 86 00:04:07,203 --> 00:04:12,556 When I was 13 or, I think, the first menstruation, 87 00:04:12,687 --> 00:04:14,341 I had a coming-of-age ceremony 88 00:04:14,471 --> 00:04:16,734 where all the women from the coven came together, 89 00:04:16,865 --> 00:04:19,302 and it was called the Rite of Roses. 90 00:04:21,870 --> 00:04:23,175 A coven is just a group of friends 91 00:04:23,306 --> 00:04:25,569 who practice witchcraft together. 92 00:04:27,354 --> 00:04:31,009 We sit in a circle and say, 93 00:04:31,140 --> 00:04:33,664 all the women in your family line 94 00:04:33,795 --> 00:04:37,189 back as far as you can remember. 95 00:04:37,320 --> 00:04:39,279 I am Amanda, daughter of Lucinda, 96 00:04:39,409 --> 00:04:41,324 daughter of Patricia, 97 00:04:41,455 --> 00:04:44,762 daughter of Lila, daughter of Mariana. 98 00:04:44,893 --> 00:04:46,721 And then say, "Daughter of she," 99 00:04:46,851 --> 00:04:51,160 meaning going back to the beginning of time. 100 00:04:51,291 --> 00:04:53,205 You dip the rose in the water, 101 00:04:53,336 --> 00:04:55,425 and your mother brushes it on your cheeks, 102 00:04:55,556 --> 00:04:59,995 and then you take a walk in the moonlight and do some chanting. 103 00:05:00,125 --> 00:05:03,215 It's really about coming into your power, 104 00:05:03,346 --> 00:05:06,871 your beauty, your authority, your eroticism, 105 00:05:07,002 --> 00:05:10,092 and connecting with the other women of your community. 106 00:05:10,222 --> 00:05:18,883 ♪ 107 00:05:19,014 --> 00:05:22,626 Narrator: The pentacle may not be what you think. 108 00:05:22,757 --> 00:05:25,977 It represents harmony with the elements, 109 00:05:26,108 --> 00:05:29,241 a sign of magic and paganism. 110 00:05:33,898 --> 00:05:36,248 Ward: Witchcraft is a form of paganism, 111 00:05:36,379 --> 00:05:40,427 and paganism, basically, in its very ancient origins 112 00:05:40,557 --> 00:05:46,868 had two particular aspects, or forms, of worship. 113 00:05:46,998 --> 00:05:50,567 One is nature and the other is the divine feminine. 114 00:05:50,698 --> 00:05:52,961 Grossman: Paganism essentially says 115 00:05:53,091 --> 00:05:55,746 we all have access to divinity 116 00:05:55,877 --> 00:05:57,879 and that we don't need a mediator. 117 00:05:58,009 --> 00:06:00,403 It doesn't have one central text 118 00:06:00,534 --> 00:06:03,841 or one church or temple that you have to join. 119 00:06:03,972 --> 00:06:08,106 We can just communicate with the spirit world ourselves 120 00:06:08,237 --> 00:06:10,805 because the spirit world is everywhere. 121 00:06:12,720 --> 00:06:17,507 For most witches, we relate to the gods, 122 00:06:17,638 --> 00:06:23,165 the goddesses, the divine, more like forces of nature. 123 00:06:23,295 --> 00:06:28,866 ♪ 124 00:06:28,997 --> 00:06:32,392 There are so many goddesses in witchcraft -- 125 00:06:32,522 --> 00:06:35,830 Medea, Circe, 126 00:06:35,960 --> 00:06:39,007 Melusina, Pythia, 127 00:06:39,137 --> 00:06:42,924 and then you have Hecate, who is a goddess 128 00:06:43,054 --> 00:06:45,840 that has taken many different forms 129 00:06:45,970 --> 00:06:48,886 in many different cultures -- a goddess of childbirth, 130 00:06:49,017 --> 00:06:53,935 a protector of women, goddess of the moon. 131 00:06:54,065 --> 00:06:57,547 One of the reasons why witches of today love her 132 00:06:57,678 --> 00:07:00,898 is because she's a goddess of magic. 133 00:07:05,512 --> 00:07:07,035 She finds power in the shadows. 134 00:07:07,165 --> 00:07:11,256 Even in the dark, she lights the way. 135 00:07:11,387 --> 00:07:12,910 Her symbol is the key. 136 00:07:13,041 --> 00:07:16,523 She is the guardian of the threshold, 137 00:07:16,653 --> 00:07:19,264 the liminal spaces between the worlds. 138 00:07:19,395 --> 00:07:26,054 ♪ 139 00:07:26,184 --> 00:07:29,623 Grossman: The figure of the witch in literature 140 00:07:29,753 --> 00:07:32,103 and in oral stories 141 00:07:32,234 --> 00:07:36,673 was derived from goddesses and fairies 142 00:07:36,804 --> 00:07:39,720 and all of these other mythological beings 143 00:07:39,850 --> 00:07:45,769 who had immense power and who were feminine 144 00:07:45,900 --> 00:07:49,904 and who were lauded just as much as the male 145 00:07:50,034 --> 00:07:53,560 or more masculine gods and figures, too. 146 00:07:53,690 --> 00:07:57,825 But as politics evolved, as, frankly, 147 00:07:57,955 --> 00:08:02,220 men gained more and more power in society 148 00:08:02,351 --> 00:08:04,571 and in culture-making overall, 149 00:08:04,701 --> 00:08:09,532 these goddesses, these fairies, these priestesses 150 00:08:09,663 --> 00:08:15,407 seem to lose status in their society. 151 00:08:15,538 --> 00:08:18,106 Yates Garcia: When the Holy Roman empire took over 152 00:08:18,236 --> 00:08:22,502 and Christianity started to dominate all of Europe, 153 00:08:22,632 --> 00:08:24,765 Hecate was turned into a demon, 154 00:08:24,895 --> 00:08:26,897 a demonic figure, a goddess of hell. 155 00:08:27,028 --> 00:08:31,598 She was turned into a hag, a crone, an old woman, 156 00:08:31,728 --> 00:08:34,470 as if that's the worst thing that could happen to you, 157 00:08:34,601 --> 00:08:39,127 as if that in itself is horrifying. 158 00:08:39,257 --> 00:08:45,394 ♪ 159 00:08:45,525 --> 00:08:48,440 Ward: Witchcraft for most of human history 160 00:08:48,571 --> 00:08:52,923 has been antithetical to Christianity, 161 00:08:53,054 --> 00:08:58,015 often seen as allied to some kind of demonic power, 162 00:08:58,146 --> 00:09:01,410 and so the church hierarchy saw it as a threat 163 00:09:01,541 --> 00:09:05,153 to their position and power. 164 00:09:05,283 --> 00:09:07,938 Grossman: The church popularized the notion 165 00:09:08,069 --> 00:09:12,073 that anybody who was not Christian 166 00:09:12,203 --> 00:09:14,815 was going to hell, 167 00:09:14,945 --> 00:09:17,165 that you were on the path of sin, 168 00:09:17,295 --> 00:09:19,341 that you were diabolical, 169 00:09:19,471 --> 00:09:22,953 and, yes, that can be people who we might consider to be pagan. 170 00:09:23,084 --> 00:09:26,043 It's Jewish people, it's Indigenous people, 171 00:09:26,174 --> 00:09:31,832 it's people who are practicing the religions of Africa. 172 00:09:31,962 --> 00:09:36,227 It's anybody that has not been converted yet. 173 00:09:38,839 --> 00:09:42,886 The other piece of the witch's story is around medicine 174 00:09:43,017 --> 00:09:47,891 and specifically around reproductive care. 175 00:09:48,022 --> 00:09:49,806 Yates Garcia: Giving birth, you had midwives -- 176 00:09:49,937 --> 00:09:51,982 this group of women who learned 177 00:09:52,113 --> 00:09:54,332 about plants and medicine and healing, 178 00:09:54,463 --> 00:09:58,989 from the common cold to a heartbreak. 179 00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:02,340 Narrator: Europe sees a new age in medical science 180 00:10:02,471 --> 00:10:06,083 from the 1400s to the 1700s, 181 00:10:06,214 --> 00:10:10,566 but only men are allowed into their universities. 182 00:10:10,697 --> 00:10:13,482 Midwives are eyed with mistrust, 183 00:10:13,613 --> 00:10:16,659 and we are about to be hunted. 184 00:10:18,922 --> 00:10:20,881 ♪ 185 00:10:21,011 --> 00:10:23,971 Grossman: In ancient Greece and ancient Rome, 186 00:10:24,101 --> 00:10:27,888 there were also always figures, often women, 187 00:10:28,018 --> 00:10:32,153 who you would go to and you could procure 188 00:10:32,283 --> 00:10:37,114 some kind of herbal or botanical magic from them, 189 00:10:37,245 --> 00:10:42,293 and this is what I consider to be a service magician. 190 00:10:42,424 --> 00:10:45,949 These people sometimes were respected, 191 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:48,343 sometimes were considered a bit dangerous, 192 00:10:48,473 --> 00:10:52,086 but it's kind of the precursor to chemistry, 193 00:10:52,216 --> 00:10:55,132 to the field of medicine. 194 00:10:55,263 --> 00:10:58,092 Yates Garcia: The word witch means person of knowledge, 195 00:10:58,222 --> 00:11:01,008 means wise one, 196 00:11:01,138 --> 00:11:04,794 but then over time, that word transformed 197 00:11:04,925 --> 00:11:07,536 into something that was an insult. 198 00:11:10,278 --> 00:11:12,106 Grossman: At the end of the 15th century, 199 00:11:12,236 --> 00:11:14,761 we see the advent of the printing press, 200 00:11:14,891 --> 00:11:17,372 and one of the most popular things 201 00:11:17,502 --> 00:11:19,635 for these presses to print 202 00:11:19,766 --> 00:11:24,553 are what we call witch-hunting manuals. 203 00:11:24,684 --> 00:11:28,122 One of the most famous books that comes out is called 204 00:11:28,252 --> 00:11:33,910 the "Malleus Maleficarum," or the "Witches Hammer." 205 00:11:34,041 --> 00:11:37,435 This book is written by Jacob Sprenger 206 00:11:37,566 --> 00:11:41,744 and a religious zealot named Heinrich Kramer. 207 00:11:41,875 --> 00:11:43,790 Kramer is involved in a witch trial, 208 00:11:43,920 --> 00:11:47,402 which he loses against a group of women. 209 00:11:48,795 --> 00:11:52,450 And he then writes this book, 210 00:11:52,581 --> 00:11:54,409 the "Hammer of Witches." 211 00:11:57,673 --> 00:11:59,457 Narrator: The "Malleus Maleficarum" 212 00:11:59,588 --> 00:12:04,593 weaponizes the printed manuscript against witches... 213 00:12:07,074 --> 00:12:10,381 ...and therefore against women. 214 00:12:14,995 --> 00:12:17,867 You're promiscuous and that's evil, 215 00:12:17,998 --> 00:12:19,434 and you're wicked, so you're a witch. 216 00:12:19,564 --> 00:12:21,479 So you would be killed as a witch then. 217 00:12:21,610 --> 00:12:22,872 You're killed if you're ugly. 218 00:12:23,003 --> 00:12:24,700 You're killed if you're beautiful. 219 00:12:24,831 --> 00:12:26,658 There's no winning. 220 00:12:26,789 --> 00:12:30,010 The "Malleus Maleficarum" is printed and disseminated 221 00:12:30,140 --> 00:12:32,664 throughout Western Europe. 222 00:12:32,795 --> 00:12:34,841 Berger: And so that book became essential 223 00:12:34,971 --> 00:12:38,235 in terms of demonology in the West, 224 00:12:38,366 --> 00:12:41,499 the notion that the devil is active in the world 225 00:12:41,630 --> 00:12:43,937 and gathering helpers, 226 00:12:44,067 --> 00:12:47,462 and those helpers are called witches. 227 00:12:47,592 --> 00:12:49,943 Tell how you tempt us with pretty things. 228 00:12:50,073 --> 00:12:52,206 Tell how you suckle the snake. 229 00:12:52,336 --> 00:12:54,121 -Tell! -Tell! 230 00:12:54,251 --> 00:12:58,473 When you say the word witchcraft in the United States, 231 00:12:58,603 --> 00:13:04,827 most people immediately think of the Salem witch trials in 1692. 232 00:13:04,958 --> 00:13:07,221 Period of about nine months, 233 00:13:07,351 --> 00:13:11,616 there was widespread moral panic. 234 00:13:11,747 --> 00:13:15,707 Basically, anybody could be accused of witchcraft -- 235 00:13:15,838 --> 00:13:20,974 children accusing their mothers or their fathers and vice versa. 236 00:13:21,104 --> 00:13:23,280 Grossman: I think one of the reasons that Salem 237 00:13:23,411 --> 00:13:26,762 has captured a lot of our imaginations 238 00:13:26,893 --> 00:13:34,248 is that the center of that story is young girls. 239 00:13:34,378 --> 00:13:36,163 Narrator: Since 1953, 240 00:13:36,293 --> 00:13:38,339 Arthur Miller's Tony Award-winning play 241 00:13:38,469 --> 00:13:39,514 "The Crucible"... 242 00:13:39,644 --> 00:13:41,342 But they're speaking of witchcraft. 243 00:13:41,472 --> 00:13:43,953 ...has been performed on stages and screens 244 00:13:44,084 --> 00:13:48,001 by scores of young women.You drank a charm to kill John Proctor's wife! 245 00:13:48,131 --> 00:13:51,308 Miller's play would use the real Salem witch trials 246 00:13:51,439 --> 00:13:56,357 as the basis of his allegory about McCarthyism, 247 00:13:56,487 --> 00:13:59,751 but he casts his Abigail Williams 248 00:13:59,882 --> 00:14:03,190 as a devious home wrecker 249 00:14:03,320 --> 00:14:08,151 when in real life, Abigail was only 11. 250 00:14:08,282 --> 00:14:11,459 Grossman: "The Crucible" re-popularized 251 00:14:11,589 --> 00:14:12,939 the Salem witch trials, 252 00:14:13,069 --> 00:14:15,811 but in real life, what happened in Salem 253 00:14:15,942 --> 00:14:18,683 is a less sensationalist story 254 00:14:18,814 --> 00:14:21,121 than the one that Arthur Miller told in "The Crucible," 255 00:14:21,251 --> 00:14:23,645 which is super sexualized. 256 00:14:23,775 --> 00:14:26,213 Witch! 257 00:14:26,343 --> 00:14:29,042 Ward: There were 19 people that were hung. 258 00:14:29,172 --> 00:14:33,524 14 of those were women and 5 of them were men. 259 00:14:33,655 --> 00:14:36,701 And two dogs were executed for witchcraft. 260 00:14:36,832 --> 00:14:38,138 Burn the witch. 261 00:14:38,268 --> 00:14:40,357 But, in fact, no one was actually 262 00:14:40,488 --> 00:14:42,707 burned to death in Salem. 263 00:14:42,838 --> 00:14:44,405 People were hung. 264 00:14:44,535 --> 00:14:48,583 People were pressed to death with heavy stones. 265 00:14:48,713 --> 00:14:53,066 And the loss of life was horrific, 266 00:14:53,196 --> 00:14:56,808 but we're talking a couple dozen people, 267 00:14:56,939 --> 00:14:59,420 as opposed to the tens of thousands of people 268 00:14:59,550 --> 00:15:02,771 that were killed, you know, throughout Western Europe. 269 00:15:07,341 --> 00:15:10,170 The witch hunts are sometimes called the Burning Times 270 00:15:10,300 --> 00:15:15,088 because many, many people were burned in the public square 271 00:15:15,218 --> 00:15:19,179 and would often burn to death or asphyxiate. 272 00:15:19,309 --> 00:15:24,619 Particularly in England, there are also some tests 273 00:15:24,749 --> 00:15:29,232 if one is accused of being a witch. 274 00:15:29,363 --> 00:15:32,192 You might prick them with a pin 275 00:15:32,322 --> 00:15:36,805 and see if the wound bleeds. 276 00:15:36,936 --> 00:15:40,678 You might put them in water 277 00:15:40,809 --> 00:15:44,552 with chains or weights on their body 278 00:15:44,682 --> 00:15:47,772 and see if they drown. 279 00:15:47,903 --> 00:15:49,296 If the person drowns, 280 00:15:49,426 --> 00:15:52,864 "Oh, I guess they weren't a witch after all," 281 00:15:52,995 --> 00:15:56,172 so it's a real lose-lose situation. 282 00:15:56,303 --> 00:15:59,262 Now, were these women actually witches? 283 00:15:59,393 --> 00:16:01,264 Most of the research suggests 284 00:16:01,395 --> 00:16:04,789 that the women who were killed were innocents. 285 00:16:07,140 --> 00:16:12,362 And it was a crime that was almost impossible to disprove. 286 00:16:12,493 --> 00:16:16,671 Many of the accusations had to do with dreams. 287 00:16:16,801 --> 00:16:20,240 There was spectral evidence. 288 00:16:20,370 --> 00:16:23,112 For example, King James -- 289 00:16:23,243 --> 00:16:26,898 the first of England, the sixth of Scotland -- 290 00:16:27,029 --> 00:16:29,727 he and his new bride from Denmark 291 00:16:29,858 --> 00:16:32,513 were hit by a terrible storm. 292 00:16:34,428 --> 00:16:38,998 They were crossing from Denmark back to Scotland 293 00:16:39,128 --> 00:16:42,958 and almost died in a shipwreck. 294 00:16:43,089 --> 00:16:49,617 He had a dream in which he thought he had been cursed. 295 00:16:49,747 --> 00:16:53,142 He then became convinced of witchcraft. 296 00:16:53,273 --> 00:16:55,840 Narrator: King James, obsessed with witchcraft, 297 00:16:55,971 --> 00:16:59,844 convicts the village's eldest midwife, Agnes Sampson. 298 00:16:59,975 --> 00:17:03,152 Shaven, tied, and tortured, 299 00:17:03,283 --> 00:17:05,633 the devil's mark is found on her body. 300 00:17:05,763 --> 00:17:09,419 Agnes confesses. 301 00:17:09,550 --> 00:17:12,161 She tells a lurid tale of meeting demons 302 00:17:12,292 --> 00:17:14,424 with other witches on Halloween night 303 00:17:14,555 --> 00:17:19,473 to curse the king in front of hundreds of spectators. 304 00:17:19,603 --> 00:17:23,738 Berger: When somebody admits something under torture, 305 00:17:23,868 --> 00:17:27,916 we know that they often tell lies. 306 00:17:28,047 --> 00:17:31,441 They'll say anything. 307 00:17:31,572 --> 00:17:33,313 And so she was killed for it. 308 00:17:33,443 --> 00:17:36,664 In Scotland, witches were burnt on the stake, 309 00:17:36,794 --> 00:17:38,840 so she was burnt. 310 00:17:38,970 --> 00:17:41,103 Grossman: The witch hunts as we know them 311 00:17:41,234 --> 00:17:44,019 are not one unified event. 312 00:17:44,150 --> 00:17:47,892 Scholars believe between 50,000 and 100,000 people 313 00:17:48,023 --> 00:17:49,894 were killed during the witch hunts, 314 00:17:50,025 --> 00:17:52,941 which is a genocide. 315 00:17:54,769 --> 00:17:58,555 Narrator: The legacy of the witch trials never dies 316 00:17:58,686 --> 00:18:01,645 and lives on to take shape in the new world. 317 00:18:08,261 --> 00:18:11,002 ♪ 318 00:18:11,133 --> 00:18:15,442 Man: Beautiful Haiti -- well made the veil of paradise. 319 00:18:15,572 --> 00:18:17,226 Yet as I penetrated deeper into the jungle, 320 00:18:17,357 --> 00:18:20,708 I saw that which few white men ever see, 321 00:18:20,838 --> 00:18:22,666 the cult of the voodoo. 322 00:18:22,797 --> 00:18:26,366 ♪ 323 00:18:26,496 --> 00:18:29,020 Nwokocha: The way that we perceive 324 00:18:29,151 --> 00:18:31,153 any African-derived religious traditions 325 00:18:31,284 --> 00:18:34,374 has a lot to do with when the U.S. occupied Haiti 326 00:18:34,504 --> 00:18:37,551 from 1915 to 1934. 327 00:18:37,681 --> 00:18:40,815 The Haitian president was assassinated, 328 00:18:40,945 --> 00:18:43,600 and the U.S. president, Woodrow Wilson, 329 00:18:43,731 --> 00:18:45,472 wanted to "help" 330 00:18:45,602 --> 00:18:49,606 with the economic and financial stability of Haiti. 331 00:18:49,737 --> 00:18:53,349 They brought in Marines, journalists, anthropologists 332 00:18:53,480 --> 00:18:55,046 that came to Haiti to understand 333 00:18:55,177 --> 00:18:58,615 what the people and the communities are like. 334 00:18:58,746 --> 00:19:02,402 There were journal articles, books, early films 335 00:19:02,532 --> 00:19:04,099 that talked about the religious tradition 336 00:19:04,230 --> 00:19:08,625 from a very voyeuristic, white-supremacist notion. 337 00:19:08,756 --> 00:19:11,150 Man: The cult of voodoo embodies the worship 338 00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:13,587 and fear of devil God. 339 00:19:13,717 --> 00:19:16,416 Nwokocha: They basically called voodoo demonic, 340 00:19:16,546 --> 00:19:18,722 and they demonized the religious tradition. 341 00:19:18,853 --> 00:19:24,467 ♪ 342 00:19:24,598 --> 00:19:27,688 The way we think about zombies, 343 00:19:27,818 --> 00:19:29,907 the way that we understand the Vodou, 344 00:19:30,038 --> 00:19:32,432 stems from this time. 345 00:19:32,562 --> 00:19:35,391 ♪ 346 00:19:35,522 --> 00:19:38,873 You start to hear this talk about zombies, 347 00:19:39,003 --> 00:19:44,095 especially from around the '30s, the '40s, 348 00:19:44,226 --> 00:19:46,924 this kind of Hollywood conception 349 00:19:47,055 --> 00:19:49,144 with films like "White Zombie." 350 00:19:49,275 --> 00:19:52,278 Man: Haiti, land of the Voodoo. 351 00:19:52,408 --> 00:19:56,020 Dorsey: ...where you've got this exoticized other. 352 00:19:56,151 --> 00:19:58,762 Zombie! 353 00:19:58,893 --> 00:20:00,721 Dorsey: I think that the zombie myth really sort of 354 00:20:00,851 --> 00:20:03,593 grew out of the fact that there were puffer fish 355 00:20:03,724 --> 00:20:05,682 that were native to the Haitian waters 356 00:20:05,813 --> 00:20:08,555 that also caused temporary paralysis. 357 00:20:08,685 --> 00:20:12,123 And when somebody was being a bad person in society -- 358 00:20:12,254 --> 00:20:14,604 somebody who might be harmful to children, 359 00:20:14,735 --> 00:20:18,173 somebody who might be stealing from their neighbor -- 360 00:20:18,304 --> 00:20:21,959 they couldn't always necessarily have the recourse 361 00:20:22,090 --> 00:20:26,573 of an honest and just and helpful police force. 362 00:20:26,703 --> 00:20:29,228 This combination of animal medicines, of herbs, 363 00:20:29,358 --> 00:20:31,534 would simulate paralysis, 364 00:20:31,665 --> 00:20:33,623 and people would maybe think they're dead. 365 00:20:33,754 --> 00:20:35,277 And then they would be moved to a different town 366 00:20:35,408 --> 00:20:37,497 or a different part of the area, 367 00:20:37,627 --> 00:20:39,412 and then they wouldn't be an issue anymore. 368 00:20:40,804 --> 00:20:43,285 And it was not this flesh-eating thing 369 00:20:43,416 --> 00:20:45,461 that it's turned into now. 370 00:20:45,592 --> 00:20:49,509 ♪ 371 00:20:49,639 --> 00:20:51,946 Ramnes. Ah! 372 00:20:52,076 --> 00:20:53,730 For the most part, 373 00:20:53,861 --> 00:20:55,515 Hollywood gets everything wrong about voodoo. 374 00:20:55,645 --> 00:20:59,301 It is vilified. It's demonized. 375 00:20:59,432 --> 00:21:01,869 I think that a lot of people associate 376 00:21:01,999 --> 00:21:05,481 the traditional voodoo doll, or hoodoo doll, with pins in it 377 00:21:05,612 --> 00:21:08,136 as being an integral part of the religion, 378 00:21:08,267 --> 00:21:09,703 when the reality of it is 379 00:21:09,833 --> 00:21:13,141 it doesn't have anything to do with the religion. 380 00:21:13,272 --> 00:21:15,317 In other systems of witchcraft, 381 00:21:15,448 --> 00:21:18,364 mainly European witchcraft where you build a poppet 382 00:21:18,494 --> 00:21:21,541 and then you can perform sympathetic magic with that -- 383 00:21:21,671 --> 00:21:24,892 people took that and turned it into, 384 00:21:25,022 --> 00:21:28,374 "If I stab someone in the foot with a pin on their doll, 385 00:21:28,504 --> 00:21:31,420 then maybe their foot will hurt." 386 00:21:31,551 --> 00:21:34,336 And this isn't something that came from Africa 387 00:21:34,467 --> 00:21:37,165 or African diasporan people at all. 388 00:21:39,646 --> 00:21:42,605 ♪ 389 00:21:42,736 --> 00:21:45,782 I wish people would know that witchcraft and voodoo 390 00:21:45,913 --> 00:21:50,570 aren't necessarily dark or shady or shifty. 391 00:21:50,700 --> 00:21:53,355 Out of a need to protect itself, 392 00:21:53,486 --> 00:21:55,618 not all the secrets were revealed. 393 00:21:55,749 --> 00:21:58,142 For a lot of us, it really was a situation 394 00:21:58,273 --> 00:22:01,885 where we were persecuted. 395 00:22:02,016 --> 00:22:03,800 Nwokocha: When we think about transatlantic slavery, 396 00:22:03,931 --> 00:22:07,804 this is a forced migration from west and central Africa, 397 00:22:07,935 --> 00:22:11,591 from Nigeria, from Benin, from Angola, from the Congo. 398 00:22:11,721 --> 00:22:13,027 They brought with them their religion. 399 00:22:13,157 --> 00:22:14,420 They brought with them their beliefs. 400 00:22:14,550 --> 00:22:16,813 Many of our ancestors were enslaved, 401 00:22:16,944 --> 00:22:19,250 and so we believe that their survival 402 00:22:19,381 --> 00:22:22,515 was wrapped up in their knowledge of healing. 403 00:22:22,645 --> 00:22:24,430 Nwokocha: Haitian Vodou is derived 404 00:22:24,560 --> 00:22:27,955 from many African indigenous peoples. 405 00:22:28,085 --> 00:22:34,222 Then Hoodoo is another tradition about root work and conjure. 406 00:22:34,353 --> 00:22:37,573 Voodoo has its origins in Haitian Vodou, 407 00:22:37,704 --> 00:22:41,447 but is actually practiced in New Orleans. 408 00:22:41,577 --> 00:22:45,102 But imagine, voodoo is -- it's a worldview. 409 00:22:45,233 --> 00:22:47,104 It's a way of knowing. 410 00:22:47,235 --> 00:22:49,280 Not only is it a belief system, 411 00:22:49,411 --> 00:22:52,806 it is a way of how you orient yourself in the world. 412 00:22:54,634 --> 00:22:56,418 Dorsey: There are several wonderful rituals 413 00:22:56,549 --> 00:22:59,290 and ceremonies that actually are a part 414 00:22:59,421 --> 00:23:01,858 of the practice of voodoo and hoodoo, 415 00:23:01,989 --> 00:23:05,209 and very often they're centered around healing, 416 00:23:05,340 --> 00:23:08,430 not just healing an individual, but healing the community. 417 00:23:08,561 --> 00:23:09,823 My name is Lilith Dorsey, 418 00:23:09,953 --> 00:23:11,868 and I'm a voodoo priestess and author. 419 00:23:11,999 --> 00:23:15,002 My practice is primarily New Orleans voodoo-based, 420 00:23:15,132 --> 00:23:17,483 and that involves honoring the ancestors 421 00:23:17,613 --> 00:23:21,704 and honoring the spirits of New Orleans. 422 00:23:21,835 --> 00:23:23,793 Her name was Marie. 423 00:23:25,229 --> 00:23:27,231 She did all that old voodoo stuff 424 00:23:27,362 --> 00:23:31,018 for all them rich folks down there in New Orleans. 425 00:23:31,148 --> 00:23:34,369 Marie Laveau is the most popular voodoo queen ever. 426 00:23:34,500 --> 00:23:36,327 ♪ Voodoo lady named Marie 427 00:23:36,458 --> 00:23:39,243 Dorsey: They've been singing that song for at least 100 years. 428 00:23:39,374 --> 00:23:41,550 ♪ I said, Marie Laveau 429 00:23:41,681 --> 00:23:44,945 ♪ I said, Marie Laveau, you lovely witch ♪ 430 00:23:45,075 --> 00:23:46,425 ♪ Why don't you give me a little... ♪ 431 00:23:46,555 --> 00:23:49,645 It is said that she died in 1881. 432 00:23:49,776 --> 00:23:52,169 She was a hairdresser, 433 00:23:52,300 --> 00:23:55,695 and she would do the hair of all these rich people 434 00:23:55,825 --> 00:23:58,915 and learn all their secrets, be their confidant, 435 00:23:59,046 --> 00:24:00,613 and then when she wanted something, 436 00:24:00,743 --> 00:24:02,702 leverage that information 437 00:24:02,832 --> 00:24:06,575 to help the disenfranchised people of the city. 438 00:24:06,706 --> 00:24:09,143 It is said that she used to visit prisoners 439 00:24:09,273 --> 00:24:12,712 and make them some sort of spiritual psychedelic gumbo 440 00:24:12,842 --> 00:24:14,714 that she would feed them, 441 00:24:14,844 --> 00:24:16,933 which I think is fantastic. 442 00:24:17,064 --> 00:24:20,371 And she was the first person that did public magic ritual 443 00:24:20,502 --> 00:24:23,723 in New Orleans at Congo Square, at the Bayou St. John, 444 00:24:23,853 --> 00:24:25,768 and other sites around New Orleans, 445 00:24:25,899 --> 00:24:28,858 and those were attended by people of all races, 446 00:24:28,989 --> 00:24:30,556 people of all classes. 447 00:24:30,686 --> 00:24:33,036 People think of her as this personification of evil 448 00:24:33,167 --> 00:24:36,170 when, in reality, she used to go to church every week, 449 00:24:36,300 --> 00:24:38,738 that the reason we know what we know about her today 450 00:24:38,868 --> 00:24:40,783 is because a lot of the information 451 00:24:40,914 --> 00:24:43,220 was kept by the archdiocese. 452 00:24:43,351 --> 00:24:46,615 She wasn't the first voodoo queen and she wasn't the last, 453 00:24:46,746 --> 00:24:49,052 but she was certainly the most powerful. 454 00:24:53,883 --> 00:24:55,319 ♪ 455 00:24:56,843 --> 00:24:59,802 Berger: Magic is a power, like electricity. 456 00:24:59,933 --> 00:25:04,590 It could be used for positive or negative goals. 457 00:25:04,720 --> 00:25:08,419 It's very real for the people who experience it. 458 00:25:08,550 --> 00:25:11,335 Whether that experience is with Christ, 459 00:25:11,466 --> 00:25:13,512 with God, with the goddess, 460 00:25:13,642 --> 00:25:15,992 they've been transformed by it. 461 00:25:19,561 --> 00:25:22,782 Traditionally, tarot is thought of 462 00:25:22,912 --> 00:25:25,567 as being divination 463 00:25:25,698 --> 00:25:30,006 or being able to peer into the future. 464 00:25:32,356 --> 00:25:36,012 In my own life, my tarot practice has been 465 00:25:36,143 --> 00:25:40,887 a way for me to connect to my intuition. 466 00:25:41,017 --> 00:25:42,845 There's a lot of candle magic that I do. 467 00:25:42,976 --> 00:25:45,413 There's a lot of spell craft that I do. 468 00:25:45,544 --> 00:25:48,590 Cauldrons have a whole host of connections 469 00:25:48,721 --> 00:25:50,679 which are really meaningful for witches. 470 00:25:50,810 --> 00:25:54,161 It's a place where things mix, where elements combine, 471 00:25:54,291 --> 00:25:59,122 where things change shape and change form in a nourishing way. 472 00:25:59,253 --> 00:26:01,603 Velasquez: There's a lot of shape-shifting things that you can do. 473 00:26:01,734 --> 00:26:03,649 And, I mean, in my case, I'm from L.A. 474 00:26:03,779 --> 00:26:07,391 I've had a little bit of work done as well, like, you know, 475 00:26:07,522 --> 00:26:08,828 on my face here and there, 476 00:26:08,958 --> 00:26:10,873 so I also have shape shifted in my own way. 477 00:26:11,004 --> 00:26:12,483 You know? 478 00:26:12,614 --> 00:26:14,268 Dorsey: I know a witch that used to have a cat box 479 00:26:14,398 --> 00:26:15,617 outside the front door, 480 00:26:15,748 --> 00:26:17,053 and she would make people stand in it 481 00:26:17,184 --> 00:26:19,534 before they entered the house. 482 00:26:19,665 --> 00:26:20,796 I always thought that was beautiful. 483 00:26:20,927 --> 00:26:23,059 It was like a decontamination station. 484 00:26:23,190 --> 00:26:25,975 I love roses because it's such tender, 485 00:26:26,106 --> 00:26:30,066 compassionate, divine, feminine energy. 486 00:26:30,197 --> 00:26:34,375 It protects the heart because roses also have thorns. 487 00:26:34,505 --> 00:26:38,074 Gottesdiener: I have had times when I've pulled the Five of Cups, 488 00:26:38,205 --> 00:26:42,731 which generally has a person crying and they're very sad. 489 00:26:42,862 --> 00:26:44,864 And I was depressed as fuck, and I was like, 490 00:26:44,994 --> 00:26:46,996 "Thank you, tarot, for seeing me." 491 00:26:47,127 --> 00:26:50,304 Luna: I love love spells. I love healing spells. 492 00:26:50,434 --> 00:26:52,480 I like things that make people feel confident 493 00:26:52,611 --> 00:26:55,352 and feel good about themselves. 494 00:26:55,483 --> 00:26:58,878 I love magic that has to do with love 495 00:26:59,008 --> 00:27:03,534 and feeling happy, feeling sexy. 496 00:27:03,665 --> 00:27:05,014 Sometimes it can backfire. 497 00:27:05,145 --> 00:27:07,103 Sometimes it'll absolutely blow up in your face. 498 00:27:07,234 --> 00:27:09,279 Don't be out here, like, putting out negative energy 499 00:27:09,410 --> 00:27:11,151 because there's always that rule, right? 500 00:27:11,281 --> 00:27:12,674 Never mind the Power of Three, 501 00:27:12,805 --> 00:27:14,807 what you do will come back to thee. 502 00:27:14,937 --> 00:27:17,287 Berger: Magic tends to be more empowering. 503 00:27:17,418 --> 00:27:19,463 You think of yourself as not a supplicant, 504 00:27:19,594 --> 00:27:20,682 but as a participant. 505 00:27:23,119 --> 00:27:26,340 Berger: For most witches, they see themselves 506 00:27:26,470 --> 00:27:28,951 as in connection with the goddess, 507 00:27:29,082 --> 00:27:32,346 sometimes with their own ancestors, 508 00:27:32,476 --> 00:27:35,697 and so magic is part of a spiritual world. 509 00:27:39,832 --> 00:27:42,573 Luna: When we think about women in witchcraft, 510 00:27:42,704 --> 00:27:44,532 you know, there's a long history. 511 00:27:44,663 --> 00:27:47,927 Witches have existed on every continent. 512 00:27:48,057 --> 00:27:50,494 Regardless of if you call yourself a witch 513 00:27:50,625 --> 00:27:52,627 or a healer or a seer, 514 00:27:52,758 --> 00:27:55,499 this innate power has been gifted to us. 515 00:27:55,630 --> 00:28:00,853 ♪ 516 00:28:00,983 --> 00:28:06,075 ♪ 517 00:28:06,206 --> 00:28:08,948 Dorsey: Feminine power has always been an important component, 518 00:28:09,078 --> 00:28:10,906 especially in New Orleans Voodoo. 519 00:28:11,037 --> 00:28:12,212 They held the tradition -- 520 00:28:12,342 --> 00:28:14,605 not only held the Creole language, 521 00:28:14,736 --> 00:28:18,914 held the knowledge of the herbs, the cooking, the child rearing, 522 00:28:19,045 --> 00:28:22,526 things that were very integral to society, 523 00:28:22,657 --> 00:28:24,964 very integral to everybody succeeding 524 00:28:25,094 --> 00:28:26,966 and remembering where they came from. 525 00:28:27,096 --> 00:28:29,882 I picture the women in my family -- 526 00:28:30,012 --> 00:28:32,623 my abuelas, my tías,my primas, 527 00:28:32,754 --> 00:28:35,235 and how protective they are of me. 528 00:28:35,365 --> 00:28:37,324 You don't know the women in my lineage. 529 00:28:37,454 --> 00:28:39,282 Like, we don't fuck around, and they're not gonna 530 00:28:39,413 --> 00:28:42,982 let their gay grandkid, like, go through some shit, you know? 531 00:28:43,112 --> 00:28:45,636 Rose: I started to, like, seek out those people 532 00:28:45,767 --> 00:28:47,682 who had their wisdom of their grandmothers 533 00:28:47,813 --> 00:28:49,684 and their grandfathers and say to them, 534 00:28:49,815 --> 00:28:51,164 "Do you remember this plant? 535 00:28:51,294 --> 00:28:53,644 Do you remember how your grandma used to use this plant?" 536 00:28:53,775 --> 00:28:56,604 And it was like their whole face would light up. 537 00:28:56,735 --> 00:28:59,041 "Oh, she'd give it to me, like, when I was having cramps." 538 00:28:59,172 --> 00:29:01,174 "She'd give it to me when I couldn't sleep." 539 00:29:01,304 --> 00:29:03,437 "She'd give it to me for a bath for protection. 540 00:29:03,567 --> 00:29:06,440 And I'm like, "My grandmother did the same thing." 541 00:29:06,570 --> 00:29:10,270 I come from lots of different facets of spirituality. 542 00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:12,838 I grew up with certain portions of my family 543 00:29:12,968 --> 00:29:16,015 who practice variations of folk magic. 544 00:29:16,145 --> 00:29:18,495 I grew up with other portions of my family 545 00:29:18,626 --> 00:29:20,454 that practiced hoodoo or conjure. 546 00:29:20,584 --> 00:29:23,196 I've learned a lot from my grandmothers, 547 00:29:23,326 --> 00:29:25,720 and having magic within my blood, 548 00:29:25,851 --> 00:29:28,854 within my family, it's who I am. 549 00:29:28,984 --> 00:29:30,812 It's just my essence. 550 00:29:34,294 --> 00:29:38,037 Ward: Both men and women have practiced witchcraft 551 00:29:38,167 --> 00:29:40,604 throughout human history, 552 00:29:40,735 --> 00:29:44,913 but women don't get the same prestige or power 553 00:29:45,044 --> 00:29:48,047 and generally work in the shadows. 554 00:29:49,831 --> 00:29:53,052 Men have gotten more prestige 555 00:29:53,182 --> 00:29:56,359 and have been given more credit for what they're doing. 556 00:29:59,493 --> 00:30:03,932 ♪ 557 00:30:04,063 --> 00:30:08,415 Yates Garcia: If you think about most of the spiritual traditions 558 00:30:08,545 --> 00:30:11,897 or religious traditions of the world, 559 00:30:12,027 --> 00:30:16,031 most of them are not made in the image of women... 560 00:30:17,859 --> 00:30:22,559 ...whereas witchcraft, the people who are making it, 561 00:30:22,690 --> 00:30:24,213 who are writing the books about it, 562 00:30:24,344 --> 00:30:28,391 who are practicing it, are literally feminists. 563 00:30:31,481 --> 00:30:35,877 An interesting thing happens in the 20th century. 564 00:30:37,400 --> 00:30:41,752 Certain scholars, like a woman named Margaret Murray, 565 00:30:41,883 --> 00:30:47,367 wrote several books positing that there was a witch cult 566 00:30:47,497 --> 00:30:52,198 that existed in Western Europe 567 00:30:52,328 --> 00:30:56,724 and that during the witch hunts, she believed, 568 00:30:56,855 --> 00:30:59,248 a lot of the confessions 569 00:30:59,379 --> 00:31:03,731 of those who were accused of being witches 570 00:31:03,862 --> 00:31:07,735 were actually somewhat true. 571 00:31:10,607 --> 00:31:15,917 Someone who's quoted a lot is a woman named Isobel Gowdie, 572 00:31:16,048 --> 00:31:19,225 because she has this very elaborate, 573 00:31:19,355 --> 00:31:23,011 fantastical, fantasmagorical confession. 574 00:31:25,666 --> 00:31:27,929 She talks about not only being a witch, 575 00:31:28,060 --> 00:31:31,541 but describes in detail the sabbats, 576 00:31:31,672 --> 00:31:35,806 or the meetings of witches, that she would engage in, 577 00:31:35,937 --> 00:31:39,854 and she essentially details what we now refer to today 578 00:31:39,985 --> 00:31:43,205 as being a coven -- 579 00:31:43,336 --> 00:31:45,381 12 people who would meet 580 00:31:45,512 --> 00:31:48,819 and then one person overseeing the coven 581 00:31:48,950 --> 00:31:52,780 as a priest or a priestess. 582 00:31:52,911 --> 00:31:57,654 Margaret Murray takes this confession of Isobel Gowdie 583 00:31:57,785 --> 00:32:01,789 to be 100% literal. 584 00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:05,010 As romantic as that idea is, 585 00:32:05,140 --> 00:32:08,709 it has been since kind of picked apart by scholars. 586 00:32:08,839 --> 00:32:12,191 Margaret Murray is considered a pretty controversial figure. 587 00:32:12,321 --> 00:32:15,368 However, when her books came out, 588 00:32:15,498 --> 00:32:19,763 there were many people who were thrilled by them, 589 00:32:19,894 --> 00:32:24,159 the most prominent one being a man named Gerald Gardner. 590 00:32:26,118 --> 00:32:28,729 He took a lot of Margaret Murray's ideas, 591 00:32:28,859 --> 00:32:30,949 and he ran with them. 592 00:32:32,994 --> 00:32:35,779 Narrator: In England, in 1951, 593 00:32:35,910 --> 00:32:41,394 Gerald Gardner forms his own coven made of 13 members. 594 00:32:41,524 --> 00:32:43,874 He designs a hierarchy 595 00:32:44,005 --> 00:32:47,574 and creates secret initiations and rituals. 596 00:32:47,704 --> 00:32:52,448 This new religion is called Wicca. 597 00:32:52,579 --> 00:32:55,103 There's eight major holidays within Wicca, 598 00:32:55,234 --> 00:32:58,063 the Wheel of the Year, or the eight sabbats. 599 00:32:58,193 --> 00:33:01,022 What regularly is celebrated is death. 600 00:33:01,153 --> 00:33:04,895 It's seen as needed and good for renewal, 601 00:33:05,026 --> 00:33:07,550 particularly in Celtic countries. 602 00:33:07,681 --> 00:33:12,512 Samhain was a traditional holiday prior to Christianity, 603 00:33:12,642 --> 00:33:19,301 and it always involved the dead returning from the beyond. 604 00:33:19,432 --> 00:33:22,043 The dead were said to come that night, 605 00:33:22,174 --> 00:33:23,523 and you wanted to appease them 606 00:33:23,653 --> 00:33:26,526 because you don't want, really, to piss off the dead, 607 00:33:26,656 --> 00:33:30,225 right, who have special powers. 608 00:33:30,356 --> 00:33:34,142 This holiday became known as Halloween. 609 00:33:38,755 --> 00:33:41,410 Man: Sweeping the crossroads near his home in Castletown, 610 00:33:41,541 --> 00:33:45,284 we found a self-professed witch, Dr. G.B. Gardner. 611 00:33:45,414 --> 00:33:46,981 Placing the dust in a shoe 612 00:33:47,112 --> 00:33:49,592 is done to simulate sweeping away bad luck. 613 00:33:49,723 --> 00:33:53,988 ♪ 614 00:33:54,119 --> 00:33:57,078 Grossman: In Gerald Gardner's coven, 615 00:33:57,209 --> 00:34:01,735 he had both a man 616 00:34:01,865 --> 00:34:07,741 who was kind of a stand-in for the Horned God. 617 00:34:07,871 --> 00:34:10,526 He would also have a high priestess, 618 00:34:10,657 --> 00:34:12,963 and the high priestess was actually the one 619 00:34:13,094 --> 00:34:14,965 who was really in charge, 620 00:34:15,096 --> 00:34:19,796 and there was a lot of ritual around goddess worship, 621 00:34:19,927 --> 00:34:24,453 doing spells, doing rituals, raising energy. 622 00:34:24,584 --> 00:34:27,456 Berger: But Gardner was not a feminist. 623 00:34:27,587 --> 00:34:30,938 When the high priestess started to get old, 624 00:34:31,069 --> 00:34:33,984 Gardner said, "She's out." 625 00:34:34,115 --> 00:34:38,076 The high priestess has to be young and pretty. 626 00:34:41,862 --> 00:34:46,214 He used ancient witchcraft beliefs and practices, 627 00:34:46,345 --> 00:34:49,391 but also a lot of the writings and beliefs 628 00:34:49,522 --> 00:34:53,265 and practices of Aleister Crowley, 629 00:34:53,395 --> 00:34:57,573 who is considered to be a magician, 630 00:34:57,704 --> 00:35:02,012 mystic, poet, novelist. 631 00:35:02,143 --> 00:35:06,974 On the one hand, Crowley was a proponent of witchcraft 632 00:35:07,105 --> 00:35:11,239 and empowerment of those not in power. 633 00:35:11,370 --> 00:35:13,372 But on the other hand, he was also into 634 00:35:13,502 --> 00:35:19,421 the black-magic aspect -- revenge, retribution, 635 00:35:19,552 --> 00:35:23,947 consequences, fighting against the powers that be. 636 00:35:24,078 --> 00:35:26,602 There's an aspect of youth rebellion. 637 00:35:29,736 --> 00:35:33,914 Amongst Aleister Crowley's followers, it's a long list -- 638 00:35:34,044 --> 00:35:37,744 Black Sabbath, AC/DC, 639 00:35:37,874 --> 00:35:41,356 The Beatles with "Sergeant Pepper's." 640 00:35:41,487 --> 00:35:44,577 Crowley is on the cover of the album. 641 00:35:48,972 --> 00:35:52,237 If you want to become a Wiccan or a witch, 642 00:35:52,367 --> 00:35:55,762 you join a coven, you join a group. 643 00:35:55,892 --> 00:35:59,244 And there's supposed to be secrets that no one shares, 644 00:35:59,374 --> 00:36:04,727 and you're supposed to be initiated into the secrets. 645 00:36:04,858 --> 00:36:08,862 But what happens to the religion when it comes to America? 646 00:36:08,992 --> 00:36:10,646 It's the 1960s, 647 00:36:10,777 --> 00:36:13,780 and there's a growth of all sorts of change, right? 648 00:36:13,910 --> 00:36:17,827 There's protest movements against the Vietnam War, 649 00:36:17,958 --> 00:36:22,005 for gay rights, civil rights for African Americans... 650 00:36:22,136 --> 00:36:23,877 More power to the people! 651 00:36:24,007 --> 00:36:25,357 Berger: ...and of course feminism. 652 00:36:25,487 --> 00:36:26,923 Man: The women of America are marching. 653 00:36:27,054 --> 00:36:28,751 Women have caught onto the game. 654 00:36:28,882 --> 00:36:30,492 You have a lot of options. You can be somebody's wife. 655 00:36:30,623 --> 00:36:32,799 You can be somebody's mother. You can be somebody's lover. 656 00:36:32,929 --> 00:36:35,671 You can be somebody's anything, but you can't be somebody. 657 00:36:35,802 --> 00:36:39,806 Grossman: During the second wave of feminism, 658 00:36:39,936 --> 00:36:41,590 women, of course, 659 00:36:41,721 --> 00:36:44,854 are trying to have autonomy over their own bodies. 660 00:36:44,985 --> 00:36:48,641 They are trying to get economic equality. 661 00:36:48,771 --> 00:36:53,428 We see a renewed interest in the figure of the witch. 662 00:36:53,559 --> 00:36:55,343 Berger: Forget that the high priestess 663 00:36:55,474 --> 00:36:57,693 has to be traditionally beautiful. 664 00:36:57,824 --> 00:37:00,261 Forget that the high priestess has to be young. 665 00:37:00,392 --> 00:37:02,916 Forget all that. 666 00:37:03,046 --> 00:37:05,614 And witchcraft started to spread. 667 00:37:05,745 --> 00:37:09,357 Ma'am, what is the organization, W.I.T.C.H., here? 668 00:37:09,488 --> 00:37:10,837 The initials W.I.T.C.H. stand for 669 00:37:10,967 --> 00:37:14,101 the Women's International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell. 670 00:37:14,232 --> 00:37:16,277 It strides along with the Women's Liberation Movement. 671 00:37:16,408 --> 00:37:20,499 Woman: Witches materialize at demonstrations just to harass. 672 00:37:20,629 --> 00:37:22,718 Berger: This was political theater, 673 00:37:22,849 --> 00:37:26,287 but they started to get out the word "witch." 674 00:37:28,898 --> 00:37:31,771 Why did they take witch? It's sort of in your face. 675 00:37:31,901 --> 00:37:33,381 And for many of these women, 676 00:37:33,512 --> 00:37:36,863 in your face was exactly what they wanted. 677 00:37:36,993 --> 00:37:40,867 Women are reclaiming names that have been used against them 678 00:37:40,997 --> 00:37:42,564 and they're saying, 679 00:37:42,695 --> 00:37:47,352 "Yes, that's who we are and we're proud of it." 680 00:37:47,482 --> 00:37:51,225 Grossman: You have these women 681 00:37:51,356 --> 00:37:54,750 who kind of braid together the politics of the time 682 00:37:54,881 --> 00:37:57,187 and the spirituality of Wicca. 683 00:37:57,318 --> 00:37:59,973 There starts to be a feminist witchcraft. 684 00:38:00,103 --> 00:38:03,324 Zsuzanna Budapest, who's in California -- 685 00:38:03,455 --> 00:38:05,935 she changes it, makes it feminist, 686 00:38:06,066 --> 00:38:09,591 only the goddess, only the high priestess. 687 00:38:09,722 --> 00:38:15,162 You have an NPR journalist named Margot Adler, 688 00:38:15,293 --> 00:38:17,512 and she's so entranced by these groups 689 00:38:17,643 --> 00:38:20,123 and moved by these groups that she ends up 690 00:38:20,254 --> 00:38:24,127 becoming a Wiccan high priestess herself. 691 00:38:24,258 --> 00:38:27,653 They're showing that our spirituality is political, 692 00:38:27,783 --> 00:38:31,787 that the stories we tell, the rituals that we develop, 693 00:38:31,918 --> 00:38:37,619 the spells we cast, that they are fluid, 694 00:38:37,750 --> 00:38:42,015 and that if we so choose, we can elevate the feminine 695 00:38:42,145 --> 00:38:47,020 and kind of remake our own spiritual systems 696 00:38:47,150 --> 00:38:52,939 into systems that serve us and honor marginalized people 697 00:38:53,069 --> 00:38:57,465 who often get dishonored or pushed aside 698 00:38:57,596 --> 00:39:01,469 in a lot of the world's largest religions. 699 00:39:06,431 --> 00:39:11,044 ♪ 700 00:39:11,174 --> 00:39:15,178 Grossman: So if you look at images of witches, 701 00:39:15,309 --> 00:39:18,660 they're often shown riding broomsticks. 702 00:39:18,791 --> 00:39:23,056 They're also sometimes shown riding cooking forks 703 00:39:23,186 --> 00:39:27,408 or any simple domestic object they can fly. 704 00:39:31,630 --> 00:39:35,851 In the '70s, a writer named Michael Harner 705 00:39:35,982 --> 00:39:39,289 put forth this theory that perhaps the reason 706 00:39:39,420 --> 00:39:43,119 that we associate witches and broomsticks 707 00:39:43,250 --> 00:39:48,037 is that these women were taking these hallucinogenic herbs, 708 00:39:48,168 --> 00:39:51,301 rubbing them on the heads of broomsticks 709 00:39:51,432 --> 00:39:55,828 and then inserting them into their orifice 710 00:39:55,958 --> 00:40:00,528 in order to get that contact high all the quicker. 711 00:40:00,659 --> 00:40:02,835 As you can imagine, a lot of people love this idea 712 00:40:02,965 --> 00:40:05,664 and have really gotten carried away with the idea 713 00:40:05,794 --> 00:40:07,317 that witches were just, you know, ladies 714 00:40:07,448 --> 00:40:10,886 who were masturbating with hallucinogenic dildos. 715 00:40:14,412 --> 00:40:19,373 Narrator: We are done being defined and defamed. 716 00:40:19,504 --> 00:40:25,074 We are the only ones who can call ourselves witch. 717 00:40:27,337 --> 00:40:31,820 A witch is someone who stands on her own and who's powerful 718 00:40:31,951 --> 00:40:37,478 and who the status quo is afraid of. 719 00:40:37,609 --> 00:40:43,266 Witchcraft is growing in appeal, especially now, I believe, 720 00:40:43,397 --> 00:40:47,706 because that it is all about empowerment. 721 00:40:47,836 --> 00:40:51,057 I absolutely adore Rachel True in "The Craft." 722 00:40:51,187 --> 00:40:54,452 So many of us didn't get to see a Black witch 723 00:40:54,582 --> 00:40:56,323 until we saw her face. 724 00:40:56,454 --> 00:40:59,935 In 1986, most witches were in 725 00:41:00,066 --> 00:41:02,547 what they call the broom closet. 726 00:41:02,677 --> 00:41:05,898 What we saw in the 1990s -- 727 00:41:06,028 --> 00:41:09,336 "Charmed," the "Harry Potter" series -- 728 00:41:09,467 --> 00:41:13,122 and directly after that there was an increase of searches 729 00:41:13,253 --> 00:41:15,385 about witchcraft online. 730 00:41:15,516 --> 00:41:20,347 Along comes the Internet, and you have people 731 00:41:20,478 --> 00:41:25,352 who are emboldened to start sharing who they actually are, 732 00:41:25,483 --> 00:41:28,181 and it's really helped to destigmatize 733 00:41:28,311 --> 00:41:29,965 the practice of witchcraft 734 00:41:30,096 --> 00:41:33,621 and to show us that there are others like us, 735 00:41:33,752 --> 00:41:35,536 and that there's a whole community out there 736 00:41:35,667 --> 00:41:38,408 that we can connect to and plug into. 737 00:41:38,539 --> 00:41:41,803 And absolutely, witches can be any gender. 738 00:41:41,934 --> 00:41:44,066 Is there a difference between the masculine and the feminine? 739 00:41:44,197 --> 00:41:45,807 Absolutely. 740 00:41:45,938 --> 00:41:46,895 Is there a mixture of the non-binary magic 741 00:41:47,026 --> 00:41:48,375 or non-conforming magic? 742 00:41:48,506 --> 00:41:50,203 Absolutely, for sure. 743 00:41:50,333 --> 00:41:53,467 Because we have TikTok, we have WitchTok. 744 00:41:53,598 --> 00:41:58,037 What you see is this growth of individuation. 745 00:41:58,167 --> 00:42:00,822 I think they're serious about their witchcraft. 746 00:42:00,953 --> 00:42:03,825 They're serious about their practice. 747 00:42:03,956 --> 00:42:06,219 And I think it's very easy to discount the young, 748 00:42:06,349 --> 00:42:07,916 but I think it's an error. 749 00:42:08,047 --> 00:42:12,007 ♪ 750 00:42:12,138 --> 00:42:15,228 Grossman: The witch knows that this is her time, 751 00:42:15,358 --> 00:42:20,015 and the witch knows that she can truly help 752 00:42:20,146 --> 00:42:24,150 elevate humanity. 753 00:42:24,280 --> 00:42:27,196 Narrator: The world will see what they wish to see, 754 00:42:27,327 --> 00:42:31,026 and we remain all them witches. 755 00:42:31,157 --> 00:42:32,593 We. 756 00:42:32,724 --> 00:42:36,771 ♪ 757 00:42:36,902 --> 00:42:41,733 ♪ The circle is open, yet unbroken ♪ 758 00:42:41,863 --> 00:42:47,086 ♪ May the peace of the goddess be ever in our hearts ♪ 759 00:42:47,216 --> 00:42:51,569 ♪ Merry meet and merry part 760 00:42:51,699 --> 00:42:56,443 ♪ And merry meet again 761 00:42:58,750 --> 00:43:05,757 ♪ 762 00:43:05,887 --> 00:43:13,199 ♪ 763 00:43:13,329 --> 00:43:20,598 ♪ 764 00:43:20,728 --> 00:43:27,648 ♪ 765 00:43:29,258 --> 00:43:33,219 ♪ 766 00:43:33,349 --> 00:43:34,873 Younger woman: Do you know this place? 767 00:43:35,003 --> 00:43:36,483 Older woman: It's the old Mayfair house. 768 00:43:36,614 --> 00:43:38,224 Younger woman: What do you know about it? 769 00:43:38,354 --> 00:43:40,574 Older woman: Murders, disappearances. 770 00:43:40,705 --> 00:43:43,795 But really, that house is famous for its witches. 771 00:43:43,925 --> 00:43:45,231 What? 772 00:43:45,361 --> 00:43:47,581 ♪ In darkness 773 00:43:47,712 --> 00:43:48,887 Tell me about Daniel Lemle. 774 00:43:49,017 --> 00:43:51,237 His death had nothing to do with me. 775 00:43:51,367 --> 00:43:53,152 But you were there. 776 00:43:53,282 --> 00:43:57,069 I don't understand anything that's happening. 777 00:43:57,199 --> 00:44:00,246 Man: The Talamasca exist to investigate the, um, 778 00:44:00,376 --> 00:44:01,943 unexplained. 779 00:44:02,074 --> 00:44:04,119 We're assigned to observe the Mayfairs. 780 00:44:04,250 --> 00:44:07,253 Your gift is the strongest thing I've ever felt. 781 00:44:07,383 --> 00:44:10,082 Do all the Mayfairs have... "gifts"? 782 00:44:10,212 --> 00:44:12,693 There is something -- a being -- 783 00:44:12,824 --> 00:44:15,391 he's connected with your family. 784 00:44:19,700 --> 00:44:21,049 Man: He can take different forms. 785 00:44:21,180 --> 00:44:24,966 ♪ 786 00:44:25,097 --> 00:44:26,838 He might start to visit you. 787 00:44:26,968 --> 00:44:32,670 ♪ 788 00:44:32,800 --> 00:44:38,458 ♪ 789 00:44:38,588 --> 00:44:41,374 ♪ You're my lucky charm 790 00:44:41,504 --> 00:44:44,290 Woman: The devil comes in many forms. 791 00:44:46,031 --> 00:44:50,209 Woman: Redeem her soul from evil, o, Lord! 792 00:44:51,993 --> 00:44:54,430 Man: Here's the power that's rightly yours. 793 00:44:54,561 --> 00:44:59,871 ♪ 794 00:45:00,001 --> 00:45:01,394 Are you frightened of you? 795 00:45:01,524 --> 00:45:02,917 Shouldn't I be? 796 00:45:04,876 --> 00:45:06,704 He serves you, not the other way around. 797 00:45:06,834 --> 00:45:11,883 ♪ 798 00:45:12,013 --> 00:45:14,668 Man: You know you're special, don't you? 799 00:45:14,799 --> 00:45:17,149 Can you feel it? 800 00:45:17,279 --> 00:45:23,372 ♪ 58916

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