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THE BATTLE OF CHILE
2
00:00:56,520 --> 00:01:00,660
The struggle of
an unarmed people
3
00:01:02,390 --> 00:01:06,360
Part Two
THE COUP D'ETAT
4
00:01:07,530 --> 00:01:10,910
a Patricio Guzmán Film
5
00:02:41,290 --> 00:02:45,070
In memory of
Jorge Müller Silva
6
00:02:56,100 --> 00:03:00,140
Santiago de Chile,
June 29, 1973.
7
00:03:00,640 --> 00:03:04,220
Unable to remove President
Allende constitutionally...
8
00:03:04,410 --> 00:03:07,920
...the U.S. government
and the Chilean opposition...
9
00:03:08,120 --> 00:03:10,720
...opt for the strategy
of a coup.
10
00:03:21,560 --> 00:03:24,200
After its defeat in the
presidential elections...
11
00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:25,940
...in March, 1973...
12
00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:29,240
...the opposition sets the wheels
firmly in motion for a planned uprising.
13
00:03:31,310 --> 00:03:34,450
On June 29,
at 09.00 a.m.,...
14
00:03:34,610 --> 00:03:38,110
...a single regiment attacks the
government palace with 6 tanks.
15
00:03:52,390 --> 00:03:53,530
Shortly after,...
16
00:03:53,760 --> 00:03:56,900
...an Argentinean journalist
films his own death.
17
00:03:58,970 --> 00:04:02,310
He also records, two months
before the final coup,...
18
00:04:02,470 --> 00:04:05,640
...the true face of a sector
of the Chilean army.
19
00:04:20,990 --> 00:04:22,400
For an hour,...
20
00:04:22,590 --> 00:04:25,260
...the tanks exchange fire
with the presidential guard...
21
00:04:25,490 --> 00:04:27,970
...who are inside
the La Moneda Palace.
22
00:04:28,500 --> 00:04:31,940
22 people die during
these first moments.
23
00:04:32,100 --> 00:04:34,100
Parliament,
the Judicial Power,...
24
00:04:34,370 --> 00:04:37,210
...and the opposition parties
are silent.
25
00:04:49,150 --> 00:04:52,390
However, the rebel troops
don't receive support...
26
00:04:52,620 --> 00:04:54,660
...from the rest
of the armed forces.
27
00:05:00,130 --> 00:05:02,730
Perhaps thinking that
conditions are not yet right...
28
00:05:02,930 --> 00:05:04,470
...for a successful rising...
29
00:05:04,700 --> 00:05:07,370
...the other officers
don't join in this action.
30
00:05:07,940 --> 00:05:11,140
Meanwhile, loyal troops begin
the first counter-attack...
31
00:05:11,270 --> 00:05:12,650
...to break the siege.
32
00:05:12,840 --> 00:05:14,650
Watch out! Over there!
33
00:05:18,580 --> 00:05:20,290
Don't shoot, bastards!
34
00:05:24,090 --> 00:05:26,690
At 10:30, more loyal soldiers
are mobilized...
35
00:05:26,890 --> 00:05:28,870
...towards the city center.
36
00:05:29,060 --> 00:05:31,730
Advancing on the Panamerican
road into the capital...
37
00:05:31,830 --> 00:05:34,830
...are 10 artillery regiment
troop transporters...
38
00:05:35,030 --> 00:05:37,070
...from the city
of San Felipe.
39
00:05:37,970 --> 00:05:41,240
The civilian population
must stay calm.
40
00:06:04,690 --> 00:06:06,690
After a brief confrontation,...
41
00:06:06,890 --> 00:06:09,000
...the rebel tanks
begin to withdraw.
42
00:06:09,160 --> 00:06:10,840
The Commander-in-Chief
of the Army,...
43
00:06:11,030 --> 00:06:14,280
...Gen. Carlos Prats, directs
the operations personally.
44
00:06:18,210 --> 00:06:20,950
At 11:00 a.m., with fighting
still going on,...
45
00:06:21,180 --> 00:06:22,590
...the President
of the Republic...
46
00:06:22,840 --> 00:06:24,880
...goes into the palace.
47
00:06:25,150 --> 00:06:27,790
Just then, another column
of loyal soldiers arrives,...
48
00:06:27,950 --> 00:06:31,330
...headed by the Minister
of Defense, José Tohá.
49
00:06:31,390 --> 00:06:34,230
Young Communists of Chile!
50
00:06:34,460 --> 00:06:36,900
Long live
the workers' president!
51
00:06:41,130 --> 00:06:48,380
Fight and create
popular power!
52
00:06:48,570 --> 00:06:55,580
Fight and create
popular power!
53
00:06:59,310 --> 00:07:01,020
The situation is
being controlled,...
54
00:07:01,220 --> 00:07:04,320
...but some troops
have not yet surrendered.
55
00:07:04,520 --> 00:07:07,660
Even as they withdraw,
the tanks are still firing.
56
00:07:08,090 --> 00:07:10,230
José Tohá,
Minister of Defense...
57
00:07:10,430 --> 00:07:13,870
...tries to instill calm in
the face of possible danger.
58
00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:17,470
He is assisted in this task
by Gen. Pickering.
59
00:07:17,970 --> 00:07:20,140
Minister, if we don't control
these people,...
60
00:07:20,370 --> 00:07:23,180
...there'll be a massacre.
Help me, please.
61
00:07:23,400 --> 00:07:26,870
Get out of here, please!
Move away!
62
00:07:27,110 --> 00:07:29,680
If you don't move,
someone might get killed.
63
00:07:33,680 --> 00:07:38,220
Generals Pickering, Sepúlveda
and Prats lead the officers...
64
00:07:38,390 --> 00:07:40,200
...most determined
to suppress the rising.
65
00:07:40,350 --> 00:07:44,500
Other commanders, however,
merely wait expectantly.
66
00:07:44,960 --> 00:07:47,030
Such is the case
with Augusto Pinochet,...
67
00:07:47,260 --> 00:07:49,100
...later Head of
the Military Government,...
68
00:07:49,300 --> 00:07:51,610
...who now joins in
with the loyal forces.
69
00:07:53,130 --> 00:07:57,840
At 11:30, Gen. Carlos Prats
assures the Minister of Defense...
70
00:07:58,010 --> 00:07:59,540
...that the rebels
have surrendered,...
71
00:07:59,770 --> 00:08:02,220
...and shows the positions
of his own troops.
72
00:08:02,640 --> 00:08:05,560
On the south side of La Moneda
is the Warrant Officers School
73
00:08:05,780 --> 00:08:08,660
...and on the north side
is the Buin Regiment.
74
00:08:09,580 --> 00:08:13,030
But Gen. Prats
will think it essential...
75
00:08:13,190 --> 00:08:16,600
...to declare a State of Emergency
to control the situation.
76
00:08:16,790 --> 00:08:18,960
We must request a State
of Emergency at once.
77
00:08:19,430 --> 00:08:21,960
We can't control
the situation otherwise.
78
00:08:27,770 --> 00:08:35,780
Allende, Allende,
the people will defend you!
79
00:08:43,650 --> 00:08:47,500
At noon, with the defeat
of the rising confirmed,...
80
00:08:47,720 --> 00:08:49,500
...the Christian Democrats...
81
00:08:49,760 --> 00:08:52,260
...say that they support
the constitutional regime.
82
00:08:52,960 --> 00:08:57,740
The other opposition group,
the National Party, refuses to comment.
83
00:08:57,930 --> 00:09:01,210
The leaders of the fascist
group "Homeland and Freedom"...
84
00:09:01,370 --> 00:09:03,510
...take refuge in the
Ecuadorian embassy...
85
00:09:03,670 --> 00:09:06,520
...revealing themselves as
the authors of the putsch.
86
00:09:09,880 --> 00:09:16,230
Use a heavy hand!
87
00:09:42,710 --> 00:09:45,990
At 6:00 p.m., the presidential
flag is lowered...
88
00:09:46,150 --> 00:09:48,180
...by the guard who defended
the palace.
89
00:09:48,750 --> 00:09:52,220
For two hours, this company,
led by Lieut. Perez,...
90
00:09:52,420 --> 00:09:55,260
...refused to hand over
the seat of government.
91
00:09:55,660 --> 00:09:58,500
Along with Gen. Prats, they
are the heroes of the day.
92
00:10:20,620 --> 00:10:23,190
The ease with which the
attempted coup was crushed...
93
00:10:23,380 --> 00:10:25,160
...raises many questions.
94
00:10:25,350 --> 00:10:28,360
The rising showed that some
officers were sympathetic,...
95
00:10:28,560 --> 00:10:32,300
...and only the fear of having
to face other army units...
96
00:10:32,490 --> 00:10:34,670
...prevented them from joining
the rebellion.
97
00:10:35,100 --> 00:10:36,170
Consequently,...
98
00:10:36,360 --> 00:10:38,670
...Allende relies on the
constitutionalist officers,...
99
00:10:38,870 --> 00:10:41,140
...rejecting any action
which may weaken...
100
00:10:41,340 --> 00:10:43,410
...his government's legality.
101
00:10:43,870 --> 00:10:47,010
We shall make
the revolutionary changes...
102
00:10:47,210 --> 00:10:50,620
...in pluralism, democracy
and freedom,...
103
00:10:50,780 --> 00:10:52,920
...which does not mean...
104
00:10:53,110 --> 00:10:57,190
...tolerance of
anti-democrats, ...
105
00:10:57,420 --> 00:11:00,330
...tolerance of subversives,...
106
00:11:00,520 --> 00:11:04,330
...or tolerance of
fascists, comrades!
107
00:11:13,330 --> 00:11:20,910
Close the National Congress!
108
00:11:21,740 --> 00:11:24,220
But you must understand...
109
00:11:24,450 --> 00:11:28,050
...what the real position
of this government is.
110
00:11:28,580 --> 00:11:31,560
I will not, because
it would be absurd,...
111
00:11:31,750 --> 00:11:33,290
...close...
112
00:11:33,750 --> 00:11:35,320
...the Congress.
113
00:11:35,590 --> 00:11:37,570
I'm not going to do it.
114
00:11:38,430 --> 00:11:40,170
I said...
115
00:11:41,060 --> 00:11:43,370
I said respect...
116
00:11:44,470 --> 00:11:47,540
But if it's necessary...
117
00:11:47,940 --> 00:11:50,040
If it's necessary,...
118
00:11:50,240 --> 00:11:52,240
...I shall present...
119
00:11:52,410 --> 00:11:57,080
...a bill to call
a plebiscite...
120
00:11:57,280 --> 00:11:59,190
...and let the people
resolve this question!
121
00:12:03,680 --> 00:12:11,500
Shitty "Mummies",
the street belongs to the left!
122
00:12:12,860 --> 00:12:15,100
The next day,
Allende asks Congress...
123
00:12:15,330 --> 00:12:17,170
...to declare
a State of Emergency.
124
00:12:17,670 --> 00:12:19,770
Meanwhile,
from the morning of June 29,...
125
00:12:19,900 --> 00:12:23,710
...left-wing workers take control
of factories, companies,
126
00:12:23,840 --> 00:12:26,790
mines and agricultural centers
throughout Chile.
127
00:12:27,140 --> 00:12:34,960
Let's create popular power!
128
00:12:36,950 --> 00:12:40,230
Comrades, the conclusions
of the 500 workers...
129
00:12:40,420 --> 00:12:42,530
...in the packing factory
are the following:
130
00:12:42,820 --> 00:12:44,560
Strengthen
the industrial belts.
131
00:12:44,760 --> 00:12:46,740
Strengthen
the communal councils.
132
00:12:46,930 --> 00:12:49,870
Strengthen the neighborhood
groups and the COPPs.
133
00:12:50,060 --> 00:12:52,540
Strengthen all the community
organizations.
134
00:12:52,770 --> 00:12:56,240
We must take advantage
of this opportunity...
135
00:12:56,440 --> 00:12:57,810
...and go on the offensive...
136
00:12:58,010 --> 00:12:59,710
...in terms of gaining
new sectors...
137
00:12:59,940 --> 00:13:02,280
...and nationalizing
new industries.
138
00:13:02,480 --> 00:13:04,920
We, the workers, are at
our battle station,...
139
00:13:05,410 --> 00:13:09,420
...our workplace, building
the necessary elements...
140
00:13:09,580 --> 00:13:13,260
...to defend ourselves against
any attack by fascism,...
141
00:13:13,450 --> 00:13:16,160
...or any further attempts
by the armed forces...
142
00:13:16,360 --> 00:13:17,890
...to overthrow
the government.
143
00:13:18,160 --> 00:13:22,700
We believe we must strengthen
our battle station...
144
00:13:22,900 --> 00:13:24,810
...which is, firstly,
here in the industries...
145
00:13:27,030 --> 00:13:30,500
At the same time, all forms of
popular power are strengthened...
146
00:13:30,670 --> 00:13:33,080
...especially the industrial belts.
147
00:13:33,570 --> 00:13:36,680
Each belt is a group of
factories and companies...
148
00:13:36,880 --> 00:13:39,690
...which coordinates the tasks
of workers in the same zone.
149
00:13:40,950 --> 00:13:42,660
In the country's main cities,...
150
00:13:42,880 --> 00:13:45,420
...31 industrial belts
have been set up.
151
00:13:45,650 --> 00:13:48,220
8 of these are in Santiago.
152
00:13:48,420 --> 00:13:50,600
- Who do you represent?
- The "Macul" belt.
153
00:13:51,160 --> 00:13:52,800
- And you?
- The "Macul" belt.
154
00:13:52,990 --> 00:13:54,940
- And you?
- The "Cerrillos-Maip" belt.
155
00:13:55,160 --> 00:13:57,160
- And you?
- The "Cerrillos" belt.
156
00:13:57,460 --> 00:13:59,380
- And you?
- The "Vicua Mackenna" belt.
157
00:13:59,600 --> 00:14:01,200
- And you?
- The "Vicua Mackenna" belt.
158
00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:03,070
- And you?
- The "O'Higgins" belt.
159
00:14:03,570 --> 00:14:05,140
- And you?
- The Christian Left.
160
00:14:05,570 --> 00:14:07,080
The Radical Party Union.
161
00:14:09,210 --> 00:14:12,590
The government, with the
support of the belts,...
162
00:14:12,810 --> 00:14:15,660
...puts some strategically
important factories...
163
00:14:15,880 --> 00:14:18,300
...under legal State control.
164
00:14:18,490 --> 00:14:22,300
As we all know,...
165
00:14:22,790 --> 00:14:26,570
...fascist groups tried
to overthrow the Government...
166
00:14:26,790 --> 00:14:29,470
...and there are still
repercussions from that.
167
00:14:29,900 --> 00:14:33,870
There is still a latent danger
against a process...
168
00:14:34,070 --> 00:14:37,050
...which the working class
began and has taken in hand.
169
00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:40,650
It has been resolved that,...
170
00:14:40,880 --> 00:14:45,450
...given that the packaging
and aluminum company Alusa...
171
00:14:45,650 --> 00:14:47,820
...has suspended delivery
of its products...
172
00:14:48,020 --> 00:14:51,690
...which constitutes
an obstruction to distribution,...
173
00:14:51,920 --> 00:14:55,420
...and in view of the
Supreme Decree no. 338...
174
00:14:55,620 --> 00:14:59,970
...and Law no. 16,464,
I resolve,...
175
00:15:00,730 --> 00:15:04,570
...firstly, the use of the
industrial establishment...
176
00:15:04,800 --> 00:15:06,280
...is hereby requisitioned,...
177
00:15:06,530 --> 00:15:08,480
...along with machines
and other elements...
178
00:15:08,740 --> 00:15:11,010
...necessary for the production
and/or distribution...
179
00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:12,980
...of the Alusa factory.
180
00:15:17,540 --> 00:15:21,360
On July 2, the law on the State of
Emergency proposed by Allende...
181
00:15:21,550 --> 00:15:23,530
...is submitted to Parliament.
182
00:15:23,850 --> 00:15:28,100
This law would grant
the President special powers.
183
00:15:28,190 --> 00:15:30,830
With them, the President would be able
to appoint, transfer and dismiss...
184
00:15:31,090 --> 00:15:33,370
...whatever military leaders
he thought advisable.
185
00:15:34,530 --> 00:15:37,240
The floor is open to speakers.
186
00:15:38,330 --> 00:15:40,010
The debate is over.
187
00:15:44,310 --> 00:15:46,080
During the three previous
governments,...
188
00:15:46,270 --> 00:15:50,020
...the State of Emergency
had been authorized twice.
189
00:15:53,110 --> 00:15:56,580
Those deputies who reject the
proposal, raise their hands.
190
00:16:03,390 --> 00:16:06,170
The State of Emergency,
the chief legal instrument...
191
00:16:06,360 --> 00:16:09,200
...for extreme situations,
is not authorized.
192
00:16:10,430 --> 00:16:12,710
Result of the vote.
193
00:16:14,670 --> 00:16:17,880
The number of votes
in favor, 52.
194
00:16:18,110 --> 00:16:20,590
The number of votes
against, 81.
195
00:16:20,770 --> 00:16:23,220
The Executive's proposal
is rejected.
196
00:16:24,910 --> 00:16:28,550
The Executive's initiative
doesn't convince Parliament.
197
00:16:28,880 --> 00:16:31,660
The opposition parties
think it unjustified...
198
00:16:31,850 --> 00:16:34,200
...to grant Allende
special powers.
199
00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:46,450
On July 2, the same day as Congress
rejects the State of Emergency,...
200
00:16:46,570 --> 00:16:49,810
...navy officers order their troops
to carry out a raid in Valparaíso.
201
00:16:50,340 --> 00:16:53,180
A law on weapons control
passed the previous year...
202
00:16:53,440 --> 00:16:55,890
...enables the military...
203
00:16:56,080 --> 00:16:58,350
...to carry out searches
for weapons...
204
00:16:58,550 --> 00:17:01,390
...without a judicial order
or government authorization.
205
00:17:02,550 --> 00:17:05,830
Despite increasing terrorist
action by the extreme right...
206
00:17:05,990 --> 00:17:10,130
...this law has never before
been enforced by the military.
207
00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:18,340
Each raid includes
besieging the factory,...
208
00:17:18,570 --> 00:17:20,510
...the temporary detention
of the workers,...
209
00:17:20,700 --> 00:17:22,650
...and their interrogation.
210
00:17:22,900 --> 00:17:24,910
Thus, without overstepping
the law,...
211
00:17:25,140 --> 00:17:30,050
...some officers start to act
against factory employees and workers.
212
00:17:30,940 --> 00:17:34,020
In this first raid
no weapons are found.
213
00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:45,900
Chile is suffering the aggression
of North American imperialism,...
214
00:17:46,860 --> 00:17:49,170
...of a sector
of the oligarchy,...
215
00:17:49,830 --> 00:17:53,330
...which in October 1970
joined with ITT and the CIA...
216
00:17:53,570 --> 00:17:55,340
...to overthrow
this Government.
217
00:17:55,640 --> 00:17:58,780
They want to repeat...
218
00:17:59,910 --> 00:18:02,440
...a stupid attempt
of that kind.
219
00:18:03,180 --> 00:18:05,520
So the present struggle...
220
00:18:05,910 --> 00:18:08,590
...has a patriotic
and national character.
221
00:18:09,150 --> 00:18:12,760
Chile has got every right
to govern itself...
222
00:18:13,150 --> 00:18:16,400
...in accordance with
the will of its people.
223
00:18:17,160 --> 00:18:19,360
At the same time,...
224
00:18:19,530 --> 00:18:23,240
...a series of revolutionary
transformations is in process,
225
00:18:23,530 --> 00:18:26,270
...the aim of which
is to open the way...
226
00:18:26,430 --> 00:18:28,070
...to a socialist society.
227
00:18:28,340 --> 00:18:30,440
Faced with the threat
of a coup,...
228
00:18:30,640 --> 00:18:32,980
...the Communist Party
and a sector of the left...
229
00:18:33,170 --> 00:18:35,280
...agree with President
Allende's ideas.
230
00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:37,920
An armed confrontation
must be avoided...
231
00:18:38,150 --> 00:18:40,850
...in what are
unfavorable conditions.
232
00:18:41,280 --> 00:18:44,160
Therefore, this sector
decides to get the support...
233
00:18:44,320 --> 00:18:47,770
...of the officers who respect
the democratic system.
234
00:18:48,390 --> 00:18:51,530
In the political area,
both Allende and this sector...
235
00:18:51,660 --> 00:18:55,040
...want a minimum agreement
with the Christian Democracy.
236
00:18:55,860 --> 00:18:58,900
The objective being to reinforce
the government's stability...
237
00:18:59,100 --> 00:19:01,600
...and create a strong front
against a civil war.
238
00:19:02,700 --> 00:19:05,910
They've carried out
a campaign these last days.
239
00:19:06,140 --> 00:19:08,950
A campaign in which
they are trying to show...
240
00:19:09,180 --> 00:19:12,520
...that the Popular Government
is an illegal government.
241
00:19:12,910 --> 00:19:15,690
I want to ask
Mr. Victor García Garzena...
242
00:19:16,180 --> 00:19:18,060
...what is the National
Party's opinion...
243
00:19:18,320 --> 00:19:19,960
...of the rebellion
of June 29...
244
00:19:20,220 --> 00:19:24,500
...which ended in the death
of over 20 innocent people.
245
00:19:24,890 --> 00:19:26,800
I want to know
their opinion,...
246
00:19:27,030 --> 00:19:28,800
...because the paper
"La Tribuna",...
247
00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:33,210
...on the day after that event,
said that it was a show.
248
00:19:33,370 --> 00:19:36,280
And while the seditious attack
was taking place,...
249
00:19:36,500 --> 00:19:38,350
...the radio station
"Agriculture"...
250
00:19:38,570 --> 00:19:40,570
...was broadcasting
declarations such as,...
251
00:19:40,840 --> 00:19:43,150
..."This is the day so many
Chileans longed for.",...
252
00:19:43,340 --> 00:19:45,290
..."The armed forces
are confronting...
253
00:19:45,510 --> 00:19:47,650
...this totalitarian,
Marxist government",...
254
00:19:47,850 --> 00:19:50,730
...and other similar remarks.
255
00:19:50,980 --> 00:19:52,960
That is a political crime.
256
00:19:53,150 --> 00:19:55,360
That is an attack
against our people.
257
00:19:55,590 --> 00:19:58,540
The most serious attack
against democracy...
258
00:19:58,730 --> 00:20:00,070
...and the constitutional
regime...
259
00:20:00,290 --> 00:20:02,170
...which they claim to defend.
260
00:20:02,330 --> 00:20:05,440
This gentleman was already
jailed in 1967...
261
00:20:05,700 --> 00:20:07,910
...by the Christian Democrat
government,...
262
00:20:08,140 --> 00:20:10,840
...for seditious actions on
behalf of the National Party.
263
00:20:12,670 --> 00:20:16,280
Good evening to all our
television viewers.
264
00:20:16,910 --> 00:20:19,820
As you have all seen
and heard,...
265
00:20:21,320 --> 00:20:24,230
...the young student...
266
00:20:25,150 --> 00:20:29,230
...has described me
as being seditious.
267
00:20:30,320 --> 00:20:33,640
But I ask you to look at him
and look at me.
268
00:20:33,790 --> 00:20:36,400
Look at his life
and look at mine.
269
00:20:37,100 --> 00:20:40,480
I don't know how the cameras
haven't fallen with shame.
270
00:20:40,670 --> 00:20:41,840
That's the truth.
271
00:20:42,100 --> 00:20:44,450
He has devoted his life
to revolution.
272
00:20:44,670 --> 00:20:48,120
He has worked at nothing else
except revolution.
273
00:20:48,310 --> 00:20:52,120
And here am I, a man who
has worked for 35 years,...
274
00:20:52,350 --> 00:20:55,420
...who was a university
professor for 25 years,...
275
00:20:55,550 --> 00:20:58,190
...who has always earned
his salary.
276
00:20:58,520 --> 00:21:02,590
And the young student says,
"Look at the troublemaker".
277
00:21:02,820 --> 00:21:06,930
So, as it's quite ridiculous,
I'll move on to other things.
278
00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:10,000
The regime can't work
without virtues,...
279
00:21:10,130 --> 00:21:11,730
...without republican virtues.
280
00:21:11,970 --> 00:21:14,610
That's my opinion,
and everyone knows it.
281
00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:16,250
I've always practiced it.
282
00:21:16,470 --> 00:21:18,210
I don't condemn
those who are desperate.
283
00:21:18,440 --> 00:21:21,480
I don't condemn people
like the poor truck driver...
284
00:21:21,640 --> 00:21:25,090
...who picks up a stone,
and neither do I condemn...
285
00:21:25,310 --> 00:21:27,490
...those people who clamor
and who rebel.
286
00:21:27,780 --> 00:21:30,020
I don't support,
and I never have,...
287
00:21:30,250 --> 00:21:31,520
...any rebellion.
288
00:21:31,790 --> 00:21:34,360
I don't support coups
or other escapades.
289
00:21:34,550 --> 00:21:36,560
But today,
I fully understand...
290
00:21:36,760 --> 00:21:40,030
...how an entire country
cannot live at peace...
291
00:21:40,260 --> 00:21:43,540
...when its most urgent
and basic needs,...
292
00:21:43,730 --> 00:21:45,610
...as we have heard here
tonight,...
293
00:21:45,830 --> 00:21:47,370
...can't be satisfied.
294
00:21:47,570 --> 00:21:49,440
He's just described himself.
295
00:21:50,270 --> 00:21:53,650
He has shown
the seditious face,...
296
00:21:53,870 --> 00:21:56,950
...the rebellious face
of the National Party.
297
00:21:57,140 --> 00:22:00,060
And here you have
the chief threat...
298
00:22:00,250 --> 00:22:01,660
...to the constitutional
regime...
299
00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:03,790
...and the democracy
you say you defend.
300
00:22:04,020 --> 00:22:07,760
Mr. Garcia Garzena has said,
and the viewers heard him,...
301
00:22:07,920 --> 00:22:10,230
...that he doesn't condemn...
302
00:22:10,460 --> 00:22:15,500
...the rising of June 29,
perpetrated by a unit...
303
00:22:15,860 --> 00:22:17,540
...which undoubtedly
was traitorous...
304
00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:19,400
...to the pure tradition
of our armed forces.
305
00:22:19,830 --> 00:22:22,910
He doesn't condemn the murder
of over 22 people.
306
00:22:23,370 --> 00:22:25,180
He doesn't condemn it.
Just the opposite.
307
00:22:25,370 --> 00:22:28,320
But he hasn't been
frank enough here...
308
00:22:28,510 --> 00:22:30,650
...to say he applauds it,
as it was applauded...
309
00:22:30,880 --> 00:22:34,220
...by his National
Agricultural Society radio,...
310
00:22:34,550 --> 00:22:37,460
...or as it was applauded by
his paper, "La Tribuna",...
311
00:22:37,920 --> 00:22:40,760
...which said the next day
that it was a self-coup,...
312
00:22:40,950 --> 00:22:43,490
...a show put on by
the Popular Unity government.
313
00:22:43,690 --> 00:22:45,330
Repeat that here, sir!
314
00:22:45,490 --> 00:22:47,300
I didn't say I supported
the uprising.
315
00:22:47,530 --> 00:22:49,200
Don't distort my words!
316
00:22:49,430 --> 00:22:51,380
Then make yourself clear.
317
00:22:51,630 --> 00:22:54,130
I've done that, and now
I intend to ignore you!
318
00:22:54,370 --> 00:22:57,680
I want to explain
to our television viewers...
319
00:22:58,210 --> 00:22:59,980
...that our system...
320
00:23:00,210 --> 00:23:03,620
...isn't one of class hatred
or of any kind of struggle.
321
00:23:03,840 --> 00:23:06,020
It's what's called
national integration.
322
00:23:06,250 --> 00:23:07,620
That's what we want.
323
00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:11,800
We want everyone to feel
members of the same homeland.
324
00:23:12,020 --> 00:23:13,550
- Like in Uruguay.
- So that we feel...
325
00:23:13,820 --> 00:23:16,300
- Why are you confusing me?
- Or Bolivia.
326
00:23:16,590 --> 00:23:18,500
- Why mention other countries?
- Or Brazil.
327
00:23:18,690 --> 00:23:19,930
You're like a Bolivian!
328
00:23:20,190 --> 00:23:23,440
Don't despair, Don Victor García.
Don't get hysterical.
329
00:23:23,630 --> 00:23:25,010
Please, let me continue.
330
00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:26,810
These are the problems.
331
00:23:27,070 --> 00:23:29,600
What is the origin
of the attacks...
332
00:23:29,840 --> 00:23:31,440
...against democracy
and freedom?
333
00:23:31,770 --> 00:23:34,050
Their aim is to prevent
dialogue...
334
00:23:34,240 --> 00:23:36,950
...and finally take us along
the road to civil war.
335
00:23:37,180 --> 00:23:39,780
The road sought by
Don Victor García Garzena,...
336
00:23:39,950 --> 00:23:42,520
...that dove of peace whom
we have seen here tonight,...
337
00:23:42,780 --> 00:23:47,530
...who wants to set up a
fascist dictatorship here,...
338
00:23:47,790 --> 00:23:50,060
...like that of José María
Bordaberry in Uruguay,...
339
00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:52,000
...and, deny it if you can,...
340
00:23:52,190 --> 00:23:55,230
...like those in Brazil and
in Bolivia. Exactly that.
341
00:24:04,870 --> 00:24:08,820
On July 5, Salvador Allende
forms a new cabinet...
342
00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:11,960
...to tackle the crisis and
create favorable conditions...
343
00:24:12,150 --> 00:24:14,320
...for a dialogue with
the Christian Democracy.
344
00:24:14,850 --> 00:24:18,960
He tries to incorporate
a personality from that party.
345
00:24:20,820 --> 00:24:22,990
I know perfectly well...
346
00:24:23,220 --> 00:24:25,330
...that revolutionary
processes...
347
00:24:25,490 --> 00:24:27,600
...shake up and convulse
the people.
348
00:24:27,760 --> 00:24:29,970
But I also know that here,...
349
00:24:30,200 --> 00:24:32,580
...we wanted to do,
and are trying to do,...
350
00:24:32,770 --> 00:24:35,580
...something that other
peoples didn't manage.
351
00:24:35,770 --> 00:24:38,440
A revolution
by different channels,...
352
00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:41,550
...in accordance with
our history, our tradition,...
353
00:24:41,710 --> 00:24:43,280
...and our reality.
354
00:24:43,540 --> 00:24:45,820
I hope that we may
be capable...
355
00:24:45,980 --> 00:24:48,430
...of writing one more page...
356
00:24:48,680 --> 00:24:53,500
...to show that Chile has
its own creative will...
357
00:24:53,650 --> 00:24:55,500
...and its noble decision...
358
00:24:55,690 --> 00:24:57,640
...to make the homeland
ever greater.
359
00:24:58,690 --> 00:25:00,400
Please take...
360
00:25:00,660 --> 00:25:02,440
...the oaths of loyalty.
361
00:25:07,030 --> 00:25:10,110
Finally, let me clarify
that I called the rector...
362
00:25:10,300 --> 00:25:12,940
...of the Catholic University,
Fernando Castillo,...
363
00:25:13,810 --> 00:25:17,250
...and I asked him
to form part of the cabinet.
364
00:25:17,410 --> 00:25:18,950
Regrettably,...
365
00:25:19,150 --> 00:25:21,960
...he had obligations
which I respected.
366
00:25:22,620 --> 00:25:24,560
I respected his reasons,...
367
00:25:24,780 --> 00:25:27,360
...and even though he was
most willing,...
368
00:25:27,650 --> 00:25:30,460
...I couldn't have Fernando
Castillo's collaboration.
369
00:25:30,790 --> 00:25:34,970
But I know the country can
rely on his collaboration...
370
00:25:35,100 --> 00:25:36,700
...in any circumstances.
371
00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:39,440
I wanted to inform you
fully of this...
372
00:25:39,670 --> 00:25:42,880
...and also to reiterate
that I am confident...
373
00:25:43,070 --> 00:25:45,020
...that we shall overcome
the diff cult hours...
374
00:25:45,240 --> 00:25:47,180
...with everyone's help.
Thank you.
375
00:25:53,950 --> 00:25:58,420
Why has this split occurred
when no one really wants it?
376
00:25:58,590 --> 00:26:01,120
In my opinion, it's because
when the Popular Unity...
377
00:26:01,390 --> 00:26:03,870
...sets out programs,...
378
00:26:05,030 --> 00:26:06,900
...projects for Chile,...
379
00:26:07,190 --> 00:26:08,870
...which could really mean...
380
00:26:09,100 --> 00:26:12,240
...an accumulation of interest
in that objective,...
381
00:26:12,430 --> 00:26:13,930
...Popular Unity first says...
382
00:26:14,130 --> 00:26:17,710
...Let's see who would
supposedly be opposed to this.
383
00:26:17,800 --> 00:26:21,780
They look for all possible
enemies, find them...
384
00:26:21,980 --> 00:26:24,050
...and then set them up
as a minority.
385
00:26:24,240 --> 00:26:27,590
But I think that all those
great projects...
386
00:26:27,780 --> 00:26:31,190
...for the transformation
of our society...
387
00:26:31,820 --> 00:26:34,300
...are projects which,...
388
00:26:34,520 --> 00:26:36,230
...if sent out properly
as a message,...
389
00:26:36,460 --> 00:26:40,430
...seeking all those who can
come together as a force...
390
00:26:40,630 --> 00:26:44,540
...which is really working
for Chile's objectives...
391
00:26:44,700 --> 00:26:47,650
...are a government's
most basic obligation.
392
00:26:50,600 --> 00:26:53,310
But, influenced by its more
traditional wing,...
393
00:26:53,470 --> 00:26:56,450
...the Christian Democrats
will not, for now,...
394
00:26:56,640 --> 00:26:58,320
...talk with the Government.
395
00:26:59,750 --> 00:27:02,960
Even so, Allende,
a sector of the left,...
396
00:27:03,180 --> 00:27:06,190
...and a sector of Christian
Democrats will strive...
397
00:27:06,390 --> 00:27:09,770
...for a dialogue to modify
the correlation of forces...
398
00:27:09,960 --> 00:27:12,200
...in case of a coup.
399
00:27:14,260 --> 00:27:17,300
We must call, comrades,...
400
00:27:17,500 --> 00:27:20,000
...on the good sense
and patriotism...
401
00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:22,370
...of the sectors
of the Christian Democracy...
402
00:27:22,570 --> 00:27:25,410
...who think for themselves,
and don't follow...
403
00:27:25,570 --> 00:27:27,810
...the dictates of
the Pentagon, the CIA,...
404
00:27:28,040 --> 00:27:30,110
...and the Chilean capitalists,...
405
00:27:30,340 --> 00:27:32,120
...so that they show
their opposition...
406
00:27:32,380 --> 00:27:35,550
...among the people,
in the unions, everywhere...
407
00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:38,250
...to the fascist,
reactionary offensive.
408
00:27:38,450 --> 00:27:41,460
Because if fascism manages
to win through,...
409
00:27:41,660 --> 00:27:45,100
...they won't ask the copper
worker if he's a communist,...
410
00:27:45,290 --> 00:27:47,290
...if he's from MAPU,
if he's a socialist,...
411
00:27:47,490 --> 00:27:49,840
...or a Christian Democrat,
when they repress him.
412
00:28:01,610 --> 00:28:06,460
On July 8, the marines
carry out a raid in Valparaíso.
413
00:28:07,180 --> 00:28:08,320
That same day,...
414
00:28:08,380 --> 00:28:12,890
...the Air Force occupy a cemetery
in Santiago with 3 helicopters.
415
00:28:13,350 --> 00:28:17,230
200 soldiers search the graves
and niches looking for weapons.
416
00:28:17,660 --> 00:28:20,300
In neither case
is anything found.
417
00:28:29,840 --> 00:28:32,110
This is just incredible.
418
00:28:32,170 --> 00:28:35,180
Look at what they're doing,
and it's going on every day!
419
00:28:35,410 --> 00:28:37,580
Why would anyone want
to dig up the dead?
420
00:28:37,840 --> 00:28:40,720
The dead don't have bullets
or anything.
421
00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:42,150
Why would they kill them?
422
00:28:42,420 --> 00:28:44,260
Imagine digging
the poor things up!
423
00:28:44,450 --> 00:28:47,800
All they could do was throw
their bones at them.
424
00:28:48,390 --> 00:28:51,490
So tomorrow, or even tonight,
they'll send their planes.
425
00:28:51,560 --> 00:28:54,970
They'll kill us all,
because we're defenseless here.
426
00:28:55,500 --> 00:28:57,870
- Should the people be armed?
- Yes, of course!
427
00:28:58,130 --> 00:29:00,810
The government has to do that
and very soon.
428
00:29:01,200 --> 00:29:05,310
They have to,
or else it'll be impossible...
429
00:29:05,510 --> 00:29:07,110
We're his strength.
430
00:29:07,340 --> 00:29:11,810
Allende is the president
because we voted for him.
431
00:29:12,010 --> 00:29:14,750
The rich will never
be on our side.
432
00:29:14,980 --> 00:29:18,020
Whatever we have now,
it's because of this government.
433
00:29:18,250 --> 00:29:20,320
Because we've never
had anything.
434
00:29:20,950 --> 00:29:23,490
How could we not be grateful
to the government?
435
00:29:23,690 --> 00:29:26,730
That's what we have to make
those others understand.
436
00:29:27,230 --> 00:29:29,710
They aren't thinking straight
and...
437
00:29:30,300 --> 00:29:35,680
They don't understand
all that's being done.
438
00:29:35,870 --> 00:29:38,350
If you're out,
moving around all day,...
439
00:29:38,540 --> 00:29:40,880
...you see what they're doing
for the workers.
440
00:29:41,740 --> 00:29:44,310
What must we do
to defend this government?
441
00:29:44,580 --> 00:29:46,520
Unite, that's the first thing.
442
00:29:46,710 --> 00:29:48,250
And if they come with arms?
443
00:29:48,480 --> 00:29:51,520
We should have arms too,
to defend ourselves.
444
00:29:51,790 --> 00:29:54,130
That's what
everyone here thinks.
445
00:29:54,320 --> 00:29:56,770
Nobody in this camp
has got a weapon.
446
00:29:57,320 --> 00:30:00,170
And you can't do anything with
your hands or with sticks.
447
00:30:00,390 --> 00:30:03,500
If they come with arms,
you can't do anything.
448
00:30:04,460 --> 00:30:08,170
The workers have got their
defense organizations.
449
00:30:08,370 --> 00:30:12,650
There are brigades which can
be mobilized at any moment.
450
00:30:12,940 --> 00:30:15,080
But there are
no popular elements...
451
00:30:15,310 --> 00:30:16,790
...to defend the factories,...
452
00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:19,320
...nor are there even
any popular elements...
453
00:30:19,580 --> 00:30:20,920
...to mobilize workers...
454
00:30:21,180 --> 00:30:23,990
...in any formation for
combat or street fighting...
455
00:30:24,150 --> 00:30:28,220
...against any military
sectors or fascist sectors...
456
00:30:28,490 --> 00:30:30,230
...which have those elements.
457
00:30:31,390 --> 00:30:38,710
We want a popular militia!
458
00:30:41,630 --> 00:30:45,140
On July 12, the Socialist Party
states its position...
459
00:30:45,340 --> 00:30:47,510
...as regards
the threatened coup.
460
00:30:47,770 --> 00:30:51,420
The soldiers, marines,
airmen and policemen...
461
00:30:51,640 --> 00:30:55,220
...cannot lend themselves
at any time...
462
00:30:55,420 --> 00:30:57,760
...or under any circumstance...
463
00:30:57,950 --> 00:30:59,760
...to murder workers.
464
00:31:00,190 --> 00:31:04,400
And if it should happen
that some officers rebel,...
465
00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:07,140
...the officers,
warrant officers,...
466
00:31:07,330 --> 00:31:08,740
...N.C.O.s and soldiers...
467
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:11,500
...are not under
any obligation...
468
00:31:11,700 --> 00:31:14,040
...to obey them.
469
00:31:14,300 --> 00:31:16,040
To be even clearer,...
470
00:31:16,240 --> 00:31:19,580
...not only is it their duty
to refuse to obey orders...
471
00:31:19,810 --> 00:31:22,120
...which would mean
firing on the people,...
472
00:31:22,580 --> 00:31:25,060
...or to participate
in attempted coups...
473
00:31:25,250 --> 00:31:27,120
...against the workers'
government,...
474
00:31:27,350 --> 00:31:30,950
...they must also actively
oppose them.
475
00:31:31,580 --> 00:31:36,400
The bourgeoisie must
understand quite clearly...
476
00:31:36,660 --> 00:31:39,030
...that it cannot act
with impunity.
477
00:31:39,260 --> 00:31:41,600
Every subversive action,...
478
00:31:41,760 --> 00:31:44,830
...every attack on Chile
and its government...
479
00:31:45,030 --> 00:31:49,500
...will invariably be
answered by the workers...
480
00:31:49,670 --> 00:31:51,840
...using every method...
481
00:31:52,110 --> 00:31:54,810
...with all the resources
which may be necessary.
482
00:31:55,780 --> 00:31:58,260
Our party thinks...
483
00:31:58,540 --> 00:32:02,750
...that the seizing of companies,...
484
00:32:03,520 --> 00:32:05,690
...factories, lands,...
485
00:32:05,920 --> 00:32:09,130
...is a legitimate response
by the working class...
486
00:32:09,290 --> 00:32:10,930
...and the workers...
487
00:32:11,220 --> 00:32:15,600
...to the seditious, mutinous
attitude of the right.
488
00:32:15,860 --> 00:32:19,170
We have said that every step
in this reaction...
489
00:32:19,400 --> 00:32:21,350
...must be thought out.
490
00:32:22,000 --> 00:32:24,810
I'd like to know
the party's position...
491
00:32:25,000 --> 00:32:27,310
...as regards the raids
by the military...
492
00:32:27,540 --> 00:32:30,680
...in our factories
looking for arms.
493
00:32:31,480 --> 00:32:35,860
I take it as an offense
against our class...
494
00:32:36,350 --> 00:32:38,260
...because I think that
if the workers...
495
00:32:38,520 --> 00:32:40,330
...were ever to take up arms
at any time,...
496
00:32:40,590 --> 00:32:42,860
...it would be to defend
their government.
497
00:32:43,460 --> 00:32:47,560
So could you, as a lawyer
and as a jurist,...
498
00:32:47,860 --> 00:32:51,210
...tell us when it is legal...
499
00:32:52,170 --> 00:32:54,340
...and when it is illegal?
500
00:32:54,570 --> 00:32:55,980
There's a problem here.
501
00:32:56,300 --> 00:32:58,580
We could be acting illegally...
502
00:32:58,840 --> 00:33:01,080
...in trying to defend
the workers' government...
503
00:33:01,270 --> 00:33:02,880
...as workers ourselves...
504
00:33:03,140 --> 00:33:06,450
...if we took the precaution
of acquiring a weapon.
505
00:33:07,110 --> 00:33:09,460
I think that the people
to defend its government...
506
00:33:09,680 --> 00:33:12,720
...should use
all the means available.
507
00:33:20,960 --> 00:33:23,000
The problem of arms
becomes tied in...
508
00:33:23,230 --> 00:33:25,300
...with that of
the occupation of companies.
509
00:33:25,570 --> 00:33:27,140
For a sector
of Popular Unity,...
510
00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:29,110
...led by the communists,...
511
00:33:29,340 --> 00:33:31,410
...the indiscriminate
expropriation of factories...
512
00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:34,910
...only damages
the government's legal image.
513
00:33:36,440 --> 00:33:39,950
But for the other sector,
led by the Socialist Party,...
514
00:33:40,150 --> 00:33:43,890
...the occupation of industries
is a useful form of mobilization...
515
00:33:44,020 --> 00:33:46,360
...which helps prepare and
organize the coming struggle.
516
00:33:48,490 --> 00:33:54,770
For them, an armed clash with
the right is inevitable,...
517
00:33:54,930 --> 00:33:57,030
...and the only way
to tackle a coup...
518
00:33:57,100 --> 00:34:00,170
...is by organizing the masses
and strengthening popular power,...
519
00:34:00,370 --> 00:34:02,900
...especially in
the industrial belts.
520
00:34:10,910 --> 00:34:14,050
Another task for today,
comrades,...
521
00:34:14,310 --> 00:34:16,950
...to control the reactionaries
and to move forward...
522
00:34:17,220 --> 00:34:19,420
...is the formation
of industrial belts...
523
00:34:19,650 --> 00:34:21,060
...all over the country.
524
00:34:21,420 --> 00:34:25,800
What is needed, comrades,
is that our union leaders...
525
00:34:26,060 --> 00:34:29,510
...look on this task
as a priority for them.
526
00:34:29,700 --> 00:34:32,070
That comrades from other
companies unite.
527
00:34:32,300 --> 00:34:35,710
That they should tell the
leaders of other unions...
528
00:34:35,940 --> 00:34:38,210
...of the need to connect
with workers...
529
00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:40,680
...from the next block,
or from further away.
530
00:34:40,970 --> 00:34:42,510
And that way, comrades,...
531
00:34:42,710 --> 00:34:45,190
...we shall build up
that popular force...
532
00:34:45,510 --> 00:34:47,550
...which is the basis
for advancing,...
533
00:34:47,710 --> 00:34:49,520
...and a rampart
for repelling...
534
00:34:49,750 --> 00:34:51,560
...reactionary attacks.
535
00:34:55,960 --> 00:34:57,430
On July 19,...
536
00:34:57,490 --> 00:35:00,130
...the Arauco regiment occupy
the Workers' Central...
537
00:35:00,390 --> 00:35:02,500
...in the city of Osorno.
538
00:35:03,130 --> 00:35:04,340
The next day,...
539
00:35:04,600 --> 00:35:07,870
...navy personnel carry out
another raid in Concepción.
540
00:35:08,170 --> 00:35:10,580
In neither case
are arms found.
541
00:35:12,240 --> 00:35:16,350
On July 12, the Revolutionary
Left Movement, MIR,...
542
00:35:16,510 --> 00:35:18,220
...from outside
Popular Unity,...
543
00:35:18,410 --> 00:35:20,080
...states its position.
544
00:35:21,250 --> 00:35:23,730
Throughout the entire
country,...
545
00:35:23,880 --> 00:35:26,830
...a single cry is heard
echoing in the factories,...
546
00:35:27,020 --> 00:35:29,060
...estates, towns,
and schools,...
547
00:35:29,260 --> 00:35:31,130
...in the bastions
of the people.
548
00:35:31,360 --> 00:35:33,000
The call to create,...
549
00:35:33,260 --> 00:35:36,640
...to create, strengthen
and increase popular power,...
550
00:35:36,860 --> 00:35:39,370
...the power of the
community commandoes,...
551
00:35:39,530 --> 00:35:42,240
...the power of the workers
and the peasants.
552
00:35:42,700 --> 00:35:45,410
The revolutionaries
and the workers...
553
00:35:45,610 --> 00:35:47,810
...must immediately extend...
554
00:35:48,040 --> 00:35:50,110
...the seizure of factories
and estates,...
555
00:35:50,310 --> 00:35:52,790
...increase defense
preparations,...
556
00:35:52,980 --> 00:35:57,390
...promote popular power
as local government,...
557
00:35:57,620 --> 00:36:00,190
...independent of
the powers of state.
558
00:36:00,390 --> 00:36:03,030
The warrant officers
and policemen...
559
00:36:03,190 --> 00:36:07,330
...must disobey the orders
of fascist officers,...
560
00:36:07,660 --> 00:36:09,570
...and in that way...
561
00:36:11,260 --> 00:36:13,180
And in that way,...
562
00:36:13,430 --> 00:36:16,170
...all forms of struggle
will be legitimate!
563
00:36:16,440 --> 00:36:21,180
Then it really will be true
that the workers,...
564
00:36:21,310 --> 00:36:25,190
along with the soldiers,
the sailors, the police,...
565
00:36:25,380 --> 00:36:28,420
...the warrant officers
and the loyal officers,...
566
00:36:28,750 --> 00:36:32,460
...will have the right
to build their own army,...
567
00:36:32,620 --> 00:36:34,960
...the people's army!
568
00:37:01,410 --> 00:37:05,490
On July 19, the workers from
the Vicua-Mackenna industrial belt...
569
00:37:05,720 --> 00:37:07,930
...occupy the main road
in their area.
570
00:37:09,690 --> 00:37:11,930
Why are you occupying
the road?
571
00:37:12,120 --> 00:37:14,630
It's in support
of our comrades...
572
00:37:14,930 --> 00:37:16,870
...who were evicted from
the ICMETAL factory.
573
00:37:17,160 --> 00:37:19,010
Will any government
representative be coming?
574
00:37:19,230 --> 00:37:23,310
We hope some authority will
come and solve the problem.
575
00:37:23,740 --> 00:37:26,340
The day before, workers from
the Cerrillos belt...
576
00:37:26,540 --> 00:37:28,780
...had carried out
a similar action.
577
00:37:29,110 --> 00:37:31,920
The protest by this sector is directed
against government attempts...
578
00:37:32,110 --> 00:37:33,780
...to hand back
some industries...
579
00:37:34,050 --> 00:37:36,120
...to facilitate a possible
minimum agreement...
580
00:37:36,320 --> 00:37:37,990
...with the Christian
Democracy.
581
00:37:38,480 --> 00:37:40,660
The contradictions
among the left...
582
00:37:40,920 --> 00:37:42,900
...about what strategy
to use against the coup...
583
00:37:43,120 --> 00:37:44,730
...explode publicly.
584
00:37:48,530 --> 00:37:50,060
At 11:30,...
585
00:37:50,260 --> 00:37:53,270
...the police chief orders
the road to be cleared.
586
00:38:25,100 --> 00:38:28,640
The police can only advance
to the first barricade.
587
00:38:28,830 --> 00:38:32,440
Beyond that are 4,000 workers
positioned along four miles.
588
00:39:08,240 --> 00:39:11,150
At 11:45,
the mayor of Santiago arrives.
589
00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:15,890
He is Allende's representative
in the province.
590
00:39:16,820 --> 00:39:18,590
You wait here.
591
00:39:27,330 --> 00:39:30,540
His mission is to end
the confrontation.
592
00:39:32,770 --> 00:39:36,180
Please inform the Chief
that on my instructions...
593
00:39:36,370 --> 00:39:37,940
...nothing is to be
moved here...
594
00:39:38,140 --> 00:39:40,280
...and you are to pull back
two blocks.
595
00:39:42,640 --> 00:39:44,520
So pull back
the police forces,...
596
00:39:44,740 --> 00:39:47,950
...preferably beyond
Matta Avenue.
597
00:39:48,150 --> 00:39:50,820
Tell the Prefect that it's on
my instructions. Thank you.
598
00:39:53,550 --> 00:39:55,550
The police have to withdraw.
599
00:39:55,760 --> 00:39:57,760
But the problem
of occupied factories...
600
00:39:57,990 --> 00:39:59,400
...continues to be debated...
601
00:39:59,630 --> 00:40:01,760
...with the presence
of TUC delegates.
602
00:40:04,230 --> 00:40:07,440
The TUC setup...
603
00:40:07,770 --> 00:40:09,680
...a commission...
604
00:40:09,940 --> 00:40:12,210
...to look at the cases
of the industries...
605
00:40:12,440 --> 00:40:14,650
...which are in the hands
of the workers.
606
00:40:16,380 --> 00:40:21,850
That commission is studying
those problems today...
607
00:40:21,980 --> 00:40:24,020
...through the corresponding
institutions,...
608
00:40:24,250 --> 00:40:27,420
...CORFO and the Ministry
of Economy.
609
00:40:28,490 --> 00:40:31,700
There's one thing
we must have very clear.
610
00:40:31,890 --> 00:40:36,740
There are a lot of industries
which have been taken over.
611
00:40:36,930 --> 00:40:40,570
In Santiago, a huge number of industries
have been taken over,...
612
00:40:40,800 --> 00:40:43,750
...but not all of them
can be nationalized...
613
00:40:44,140 --> 00:40:45,950
...for a variety of reasons.
614
00:40:46,140 --> 00:40:48,810
What's more, when the TUC
issued the call...
615
00:40:49,640 --> 00:40:51,140
...to take over
the industries...
616
00:40:51,340 --> 00:40:53,580
...in the case of any
attempted coup,...
617
00:40:53,850 --> 00:40:57,730
...that meant,
in times of crisis,...
618
00:40:57,880 --> 00:41:00,020
...stopping fascist activity.
619
00:41:00,250 --> 00:41:04,460
But it didn't mean that,
indiscriminately,...
620
00:41:04,690 --> 00:41:07,730
...all kinds of industries
are going to be nationalized.
621
00:41:07,990 --> 00:41:10,630
There are some problems
there too...
622
00:41:10,830 --> 00:41:14,330
...with industries which are
totally unfinanced,...
623
00:41:14,630 --> 00:41:18,270
...and if the State takes
them over...
624
00:41:18,500 --> 00:41:21,110
...it's really just taking
over a dead weight.
625
00:41:21,370 --> 00:41:24,290
And that can't be.
626
00:41:24,880 --> 00:41:28,260
So this is what
has been discussed...
627
00:41:28,380 --> 00:41:30,720
...with our fellow workers
in those industries...
628
00:41:30,780 --> 00:41:32,490
...who would be affected.
629
00:41:32,990 --> 00:41:37,370
What we want is a decision
from TUC, and soon.
630
00:41:37,560 --> 00:41:39,590
It can be good or bad,
but we want a decision,...
631
00:41:39,660 --> 00:41:41,830
...so that the TUC doesn't
just become an antibody...
632
00:41:42,030 --> 00:41:43,730
...in the bosom
of the workers.
633
00:41:44,830 --> 00:41:48,240
The problem is that there are
other reasons here.
634
00:41:48,730 --> 00:41:53,110
For instance, what about the
companies with Swiss capital?
635
00:41:54,010 --> 00:41:56,850
There's a problem...
636
00:41:58,010 --> 00:42:01,180
There's a problem
of international relations.
637
00:42:01,980 --> 00:42:04,860
What do international
relations have to do...
638
00:42:05,080 --> 00:42:06,690
...with the problems
of the workers?
639
00:42:06,920 --> 00:42:08,490
A lot!
640
00:42:08,720 --> 00:42:11,070
Because the Swiss
government...
641
00:42:11,260 --> 00:42:15,360
...is one of the chief members
of the "Club de Paris",...
642
00:42:15,560 --> 00:42:17,560
...where Chile's
external debt...
643
00:42:17,860 --> 00:42:20,470
...is discussed
and renegotiated.
644
00:42:20,700 --> 00:42:24,340
You all know that after
this government came in...
645
00:42:24,540 --> 00:42:26,780
...and nationalized copper,
for example,...
646
00:42:26,970 --> 00:42:29,450
...there was
a Yankee boycott...
647
00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:32,180
...and the country doesn't
have the foreign exchange...
648
00:42:32,340 --> 00:42:33,880
...or the credits
it used to have.
649
00:42:34,150 --> 00:42:37,750
So that is all renegotiated
in the "Club de Paris",...
650
00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:42,660
...and Chile has to
handle itself there...
651
00:42:43,260 --> 00:42:45,460
...with a great deal of caution.
652
00:42:46,930 --> 00:42:50,240
We're not talking about
international relations here.
653
00:42:50,300 --> 00:42:53,640
We want to nationalize the
industries which interest us.
654
00:42:53,900 --> 00:42:56,510
And without accepting
any compromises.
655
00:42:57,570 --> 00:43:00,410
All the things
that you're explaining...
656
00:43:00,640 --> 00:43:02,240
...about international affairs...
657
00:43:02,470 --> 00:43:05,610
...won't be understood
by the workers in general.
658
00:43:05,740 --> 00:43:09,280
You have to give them some
more local reasons,...
659
00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:12,220
...and use words that all of
us here can understand.
660
00:43:12,520 --> 00:43:17,630
Can the workers disobey
the TUC leaders?
661
00:43:18,860 --> 00:43:21,060
Well, I can answer that too.
662
00:43:21,330 --> 00:43:25,940
Yes, there are answers which
are more local, more Chilean.
663
00:43:26,470 --> 00:43:30,240
Today, as you all know,
comrades,...
664
00:43:30,400 --> 00:43:33,440
...we, the working class,
through this government,...
665
00:43:33,670 --> 00:43:35,310
...have gained some power,...
666
00:43:35,540 --> 00:43:37,210
...but we haven't gained
all the power.
667
00:43:37,510 --> 00:43:40,120
The reactionaries want
the forces of order,...
668
00:43:40,280 --> 00:43:42,090
...whether police or army,...
669
00:43:42,310 --> 00:43:43,880
...to have a confrontation
with the workers...
670
00:43:44,120 --> 00:43:45,560
...which will occur...
671
00:43:45,850 --> 00:43:49,420
...if the workers don't obey
central management...
672
00:43:49,660 --> 00:43:51,930
...but take justice
into their own hands...
673
00:43:52,160 --> 00:43:55,870
...and have a confrontation
with the police and army.
674
00:43:56,130 --> 00:44:00,240
And then the right accuses
the government...
675
00:44:00,430 --> 00:44:04,070
...that there's no discipline
and that there's no authority.
676
00:44:04,300 --> 00:44:06,310
And we're just a step away...
677
00:44:06,540 --> 00:44:09,280
...from the President
being impeached,...
678
00:44:09,510 --> 00:44:10,950
...because that's
what they want.
679
00:44:12,110 --> 00:44:14,060
But the thing is,...
680
00:44:14,280 --> 00:44:16,160
...we can see everything
clearly too.
681
00:44:16,450 --> 00:44:19,990
They asked us, the workers,
to get organized...
682
00:44:20,120 --> 00:44:22,070
...and to set up
the industrial belts...
683
00:44:22,220 --> 00:44:24,200
...and to get organized
on all fronts.
684
00:44:24,360 --> 00:44:27,890
We organized ourselves
on the neighborhood fronts,...
685
00:44:28,130 --> 00:44:31,230
...on the workers' fronts
and in the trade unions.
686
00:44:31,430 --> 00:44:34,170
We organized ourselves
in the industrial belts.
687
00:44:34,370 --> 00:44:36,780
And we're still hearing
the same old story.
688
00:44:36,970 --> 00:44:39,920
It isn't the time, there's
a legislative power...
689
00:44:40,110 --> 00:44:41,210
...and a judicial power.
690
00:44:41,440 --> 00:44:43,080
They asked us to organize...
691
00:44:43,280 --> 00:44:45,760
...from the people
up to the highest level,...
692
00:44:45,910 --> 00:44:48,260
...and that's what we've done.
693
00:44:48,450 --> 00:44:53,160
But the President still keeps
asking us to stay calm,...
694
00:44:53,350 --> 00:44:56,800
...to keep acting this way
and to keep organizing. Why?
695
00:44:56,960 --> 00:44:59,800
Why is there this fear
that we, the workers,...
696
00:44:59,990 --> 00:45:03,200
...and all the people,
will call a general strike...
697
00:45:03,400 --> 00:45:06,740
...and ask the President,
like any executive power,...
698
00:45:06,930 --> 00:45:10,440
...to decide once and for all
what their battle plan is?
699
00:45:10,600 --> 00:45:14,410
What is the plan they have
for us to fight the right?
700
00:45:14,610 --> 00:45:20,020
And if it's necessary
to have a plebiscite...
701
00:45:20,180 --> 00:45:22,520
...as those on the right
are demanding,...
702
00:45:22,720 --> 00:45:26,130
...we'll have it from the
people up to the highest level
703
00:45:26,290 --> 00:45:30,030
and I assure you that we'll
win from here to Rancagua.
704
00:45:30,220 --> 00:45:32,830
We've got organization
inside the camps,...
705
00:45:33,030 --> 00:45:35,440
...the industrial belts
and the unions.
706
00:45:35,490 --> 00:45:39,970
And the TUC still carries on,
asking us to keep calm,...
707
00:45:40,130 --> 00:45:41,980
...saying we can't do
such-and-such...
708
00:45:42,130 --> 00:45:43,340
...because this belongs
to Queen Elizabeth,...
709
00:45:43,540 --> 00:45:44,710
...or that belongs
to Switzerland.
710
00:45:44,900 --> 00:45:47,820
They just keep
making things up.
711
00:45:47,970 --> 00:45:51,550
The truth is, the people
are getting tired.
712
00:45:51,710 --> 00:45:53,380
This is all bureaucracy!
713
00:45:53,550 --> 00:45:56,220
We're fighting bureaucracy
amongst ourselves.
714
00:45:56,350 --> 00:45:58,890
Within our own defenses,
within our own unions,...
715
00:45:59,050 --> 00:46:01,290
...within our own power
like the TUC,...
716
00:46:01,450 --> 00:46:04,130
...we still have bureaucracy.
Until when?
717
00:46:04,290 --> 00:46:07,290
What I want to know is if
you have confidence or not...
718
00:46:07,530 --> 00:46:09,130
...in popular power.
719
00:46:09,290 --> 00:46:11,470
Does the TUC not have faith
in those workers...
720
00:46:11,660 --> 00:46:15,370
...who marched past
comrade Allende on Friday...
721
00:46:15,600 --> 00:46:17,740
...to shout their support
for him?
722
00:46:17,870 --> 00:46:21,550
Does the President not have
faith in our organizations?
723
00:46:21,740 --> 00:46:24,980
Do the deputies up there
not have faith in us?
724
00:46:25,210 --> 00:46:26,750
They sit and do nothing.
725
00:46:26,950 --> 00:46:28,750
And what about the senators?
726
00:46:28,950 --> 00:46:32,360
Instead of fighting
for the cause,...
727
00:46:32,520 --> 00:46:34,230
...instead of doing something
for the workers,...
728
00:46:34,420 --> 00:46:36,230
...whenever the right wing
deputies appear...
729
00:46:36,420 --> 00:46:39,870
...they all keep quiet.
I think we've had enough!
730
00:46:40,030 --> 00:46:43,530
There's a reason that
we're meeting here tonight.
731
00:46:43,730 --> 00:46:46,210
It's to ask the government
to expropriate...
732
00:46:46,330 --> 00:46:48,740
...the greatest number
of factories.
733
00:46:48,930 --> 00:46:51,570
And we'll let the right have
the ones that are of no use.
734
00:46:51,770 --> 00:46:55,410
If the government can't take
on those dead weights,...
735
00:46:55,610 --> 00:46:58,610
...the right can do it,
and we'll keep fighting.
736
00:46:58,840 --> 00:47:02,880
You go to the market and see
all the black market stuff.
737
00:47:03,080 --> 00:47:05,060
And they still ask us
to stay calm.
738
00:47:05,220 --> 00:47:08,220
Until when?
We're sick of all this.
739
00:47:26,140 --> 00:47:28,810
Do you not know
the class composition...
740
00:47:28,970 --> 00:47:31,650
...that exists today
in the armed forces?
741
00:47:32,040 --> 00:47:35,550
Don't you know that
the majority of officers...
742
00:47:35,780 --> 00:47:37,760
...are in favor of the coup?
743
00:47:37,920 --> 00:47:39,620
Because here, comrades,...
744
00:47:39,790 --> 00:47:44,760
...power isn't achieved only
through good organization.
745
00:47:45,790 --> 00:47:48,400
There is good organization.
746
00:47:48,590 --> 00:47:51,270
But we also need to have
some weight...
747
00:47:51,430 --> 00:47:55,570
...to counter-balance the real
power of the reactionaries.
748
00:47:55,770 --> 00:47:59,040
And that's why in
the Trades Union Council...
749
00:47:59,170 --> 00:48:01,950
...we're talking about
protection committees.
750
00:48:02,170 --> 00:48:04,350
And what are
protection committees?
751
00:48:04,540 --> 00:48:07,110
Protection committees
for production industries...
752
00:48:07,410 --> 00:48:10,790
...and also protection
committees for the war.
753
00:48:11,150 --> 00:48:15,620
They're things we can't talk
about or give details on...
754
00:48:15,820 --> 00:48:17,700
...because we mustn't make
that mistake.
755
00:48:17,890 --> 00:48:20,390
But we, the workers,
have to be prepared...
756
00:48:20,560 --> 00:48:22,840
...to go into battle
on all fronts.
757
00:48:23,100 --> 00:48:26,510
And the TUC is involved
in that struggle today.
758
00:48:26,930 --> 00:48:29,850
I accept that there are
differences, comrades.
759
00:48:30,370 --> 00:48:35,380
But the problem arises
when there is a desire...
760
00:48:35,610 --> 00:48:38,490
...for organizations
which follow a direction...
761
00:48:38,640 --> 00:48:41,220
...parallel to the workers'
organization.
762
00:48:41,410 --> 00:48:43,480
That's where problems start.
763
00:48:43,720 --> 00:48:49,060
And so I admit that here
there are many comrades...
764
00:48:49,220 --> 00:48:52,690
...who ask questions,
not with any ill intention,...
765
00:48:52,890 --> 00:48:55,240
...but there are things
which have to be discussed...
766
00:48:55,460 --> 00:48:57,170
...in much greater depth.
767
00:48:57,360 --> 00:49:00,370
You can't just
unfoundedly catalogue...
768
00:49:00,630 --> 00:49:02,340
...such-and-such
an organization,...
769
00:49:02,570 --> 00:49:05,170
...or such-and-such a leader,
as having some defect.
770
00:49:05,440 --> 00:49:09,250
I believe that we all make up
the organizations,...
771
00:49:09,470 --> 00:49:12,420
...and we all have some degree
of responsibility.
772
00:49:12,640 --> 00:49:14,890
And you have your
organization...
773
00:49:15,080 --> 00:49:17,530
...for setting out
this kind of problem.
774
00:49:17,750 --> 00:49:23,200
And we are in agreement that
we have to look for answers...
775
00:49:23,390 --> 00:49:25,870
...to the problems which we
are setting out here today.
776
00:49:26,090 --> 00:49:30,060
But let us not forget that
we've got a government...
777
00:49:30,260 --> 00:49:32,670
...presided over
by comrade Allende,...
778
00:49:32,860 --> 00:49:36,400
...and we have to obey
that leadership.
779
00:49:36,700 --> 00:49:39,740
There is an organism
which is the workers,...
780
00:49:39,940 --> 00:49:42,540
...and there are organisms
which are the class parties...
781
00:49:42,770 --> 00:49:44,410
...and they too
provide guidance.
782
00:49:46,450 --> 00:49:49,190
On July 19,
the School of Infantry...
783
00:49:49,380 --> 00:49:51,690
...raids a factory
in the town of San Bernardo.
784
00:49:53,290 --> 00:49:57,320
Every sector on the left
recognizes the need...
785
00:49:57,520 --> 00:50:00,000
...to prepare the armed
defense of the government.
786
00:50:00,460 --> 00:50:02,300
But they are unable
to agree...
787
00:50:02,560 --> 00:50:04,970
...on the formulation
of a joint plan.
788
00:50:17,640 --> 00:50:20,850
On July 20, in view of the
growing wave of violence,...
789
00:50:21,010 --> 00:50:23,890
...the Catholic church issues
a public call...
790
00:50:24,080 --> 00:50:26,260
...in favor of
peaceful understanding.
791
00:50:36,290 --> 00:50:40,070
This campaign, led by
Cardinal Silva Enríquez,...
792
00:50:40,230 --> 00:50:42,680
...ends with the
countrywide celebration...
793
00:50:42,830 --> 00:50:44,680
...of "Masses for Peace".
794
00:50:47,040 --> 00:50:49,650
For the representatives
of the people,...
795
00:50:49,940 --> 00:50:52,980
...that they may exercise the
public powers of the State.
796
00:50:54,310 --> 00:50:58,490
That their competence, aided
by the wisdom and prudence...
797
00:50:58,680 --> 00:51:00,320
...that comes from God,...
798
00:51:00,750 --> 00:51:04,200
...may lead them always
to serve the homeland,...
799
00:51:04,690 --> 00:51:07,760
...for the true good
of the communities.
800
00:51:08,260 --> 00:51:09,670
Lord hear us.
801
00:51:10,000 --> 00:51:12,410
Lord graciously hear us.
802
00:51:13,230 --> 00:51:15,870
For the citizens
of our homeland,...
803
00:51:16,400 --> 00:51:20,280
...so that in the diversity of
opinions and preferences,...
804
00:51:20,710 --> 00:51:23,520
...God may enlighten
our consciences,...
805
00:51:23,780 --> 00:51:26,050
...soothe passions,...
806
00:51:26,310 --> 00:51:28,990
...and control partisan
resentments,...
807
00:51:29,410 --> 00:51:33,330
...so that the common good
of the Chileans may prevail.
808
00:51:33,550 --> 00:51:37,430
- Lord, hear us.
- Lord, graciously hear us.
809
00:51:55,340 --> 00:51:57,910
The Church's call
for pacification...
810
00:51:58,040 --> 00:52:00,460
...puts some leaders of
the Christian Democracy...
811
00:52:00,650 --> 00:52:02,320
...in a diff cult position.
812
00:52:02,810 --> 00:52:06,820
For 3 weeks, they have refused
to have talks with Allende.
813
00:52:07,490 --> 00:52:09,630
If they don't change
their position,...
814
00:52:09,820 --> 00:52:13,100
...they will be opposing
the Church's public position.
815
00:52:24,440 --> 00:52:28,080
A few days later, Patricio Aylwin,
and Osvaldo Olguin,...
816
00:52:28,140 --> 00:52:30,590
...the leaders of
the Christian Democracy,...
817
00:52:30,810 --> 00:52:32,290
...arrive at
the government palace...
818
00:52:32,510 --> 00:52:34,510
...to speak with the President.
819
00:53:02,540 --> 00:53:05,850
Aware of the discrepancies,
but convinced of his strategy,
820
00:53:06,040 --> 00:53:09,490
...Allende wants to reach
a minimum understanding...
821
00:53:09,650 --> 00:53:11,820
...to avoid a constitutional
break-up.
822
00:53:16,490 --> 00:53:19,060
A possible agreement
between Allende...
823
00:53:19,160 --> 00:53:21,030
...and the Christian Democrat
leadership...
824
00:53:21,230 --> 00:53:24,040
...causes great unease
among the extreme right-wing.
825
00:53:36,410 --> 00:53:37,850
On July 27,...
826
00:53:38,010 --> 00:53:41,120
...at 1:30 a.m., the extreme
right assassinates...
827
00:53:41,350 --> 00:53:43,260
...Commander Arturo
Araya Peters,...
828
00:53:43,450 --> 00:53:46,520
...President Allende's
naval aide-de-camp.
829
00:53:56,460 --> 00:53:58,870
The violence extends
to an officer...
830
00:53:59,060 --> 00:54:01,670
...directly linked
to the President,...
831
00:54:02,300 --> 00:54:05,300
...at the very moment when
the Christian Democracy...
832
00:54:05,470 --> 00:54:07,470
...agrees to speak
with Allende.
833
00:54:12,780 --> 00:54:14,720
A confidant of
the President,...
834
00:54:14,950 --> 00:54:19,450
...Araya had become the main
link between the government...
835
00:54:19,680 --> 00:54:21,790
...and the constitutionalist
navy officers.
836
00:54:39,500 --> 00:54:41,980
That same day,
the aide-de-camp's remains...
837
00:54:42,210 --> 00:54:43,880
...are taken to
the La Moneda Palace.
838
00:54:44,080 --> 00:54:45,880
They are later transferred
to Valparaíso,...
839
00:54:46,080 --> 00:54:48,390
...to be buried
with military honors.
840
00:55:18,440 --> 00:55:21,550
OFFICERS
841
00:56:25,810 --> 00:56:28,920
Months later, in exile
in Buenos Aires,...
842
00:56:29,110 --> 00:56:30,750
...and before being
assassinated,...
843
00:56:30,950 --> 00:56:33,860
...Gen. Carlos Prats says
that one of the reasons...
844
00:56:34,020 --> 00:56:36,020
...for eliminating
Commander Araya...
845
00:56:36,250 --> 00:56:39,390
...was to prevent Allende from
knowing what was happening...
846
00:56:39,590 --> 00:56:41,630
...in the military circles
in Valparaíso.
847
00:56:42,660 --> 00:56:45,140
This is where a sector
of the officers...
848
00:56:45,330 --> 00:56:47,610
...start to plan the coup,...
849
00:56:47,770 --> 00:56:50,340
...with the advice of
the North American government.
850
00:58:41,480 --> 00:58:44,320
The remains of Commander
Arturo Araya Peters...
851
00:58:44,480 --> 00:58:46,330
...are seen off...
852
00:58:46,890 --> 00:58:50,560
...by the Commander-in-Chief
of the National Navy,...
853
00:58:51,560 --> 00:58:53,870
...Admiral Raúl Montero
Cornejo,...
854
00:58:54,690 --> 00:58:57,140
...and by a college
contemporary of his,...
855
00:58:57,300 --> 00:59:00,110
...Sea Captain Guillermo
Aldonei Hansen.
856
00:59:01,930 --> 00:59:04,310
And here in the cemetery,...
857
00:59:04,470 --> 00:59:06,880
...we have two sections
of the Submarine School...
858
00:59:07,070 --> 00:59:09,420
...and the band of
the Armaments School.
859
00:59:10,910 --> 00:59:13,410
All here can remember
the brilliant navy career...
860
00:59:13,580 --> 00:59:16,350
...of Commander Arturo
Araya Peters.
861
00:59:16,550 --> 00:59:19,460
His Excellency the President,
Dr. Salvador Allende,...
862
00:59:19,780 --> 00:59:21,390
...ministers of state,...
863
00:59:21,650 --> 00:59:23,660
...heads of the armed
forces...
864
00:59:34,530 --> 00:59:37,640
The raids are intensified.
865
00:59:38,300 --> 00:59:40,980
On August 3,
the army surrounds...
866
00:59:41,170 --> 00:59:44,180
...one of the main factories
in Santiago's Cerrillos belt.
867
00:59:44,840 --> 00:59:48,790
These operations allow the
army to check the terrain...
868
00:59:48,980 --> 00:59:51,390
...and study the workers'
reactions.
869
00:59:53,420 --> 00:59:55,960
Their officers accustom
the troops...
870
00:59:56,150 --> 00:59:57,900
...to confronting
the civilian population,...
871
00:59:58,120 --> 01:00:00,730
...and watch the behavior
of their own soldiers.
872
01:00:02,030 --> 01:00:04,510
The next day,
the army occupies...
873
01:00:04,800 --> 01:00:07,040
...the industrial area
of Punta Arenas.
874
01:00:09,330 --> 01:00:12,910
To date, the army have
carried out 27 raids...
875
01:00:13,140 --> 01:00:15,850
...throughout the country,
without finding any arms.
876
01:00:16,310 --> 01:00:18,010
For the first time
in an operation,...
877
01:00:18,240 --> 01:00:20,150
...tanks are used.
878
01:00:25,580 --> 01:00:27,720
During this week,
the transport operators...
879
01:00:27,890 --> 01:00:30,160
...call an indefinite stoppage.
880
01:00:30,590 --> 01:00:33,540
The extreme right wants
to provoke economic chaos...
881
01:00:33,730 --> 01:00:35,430
...and sabotage the talks...
882
01:00:35,660 --> 01:00:38,040
...between the Head of State
and the Christian Democracy.
883
01:00:39,660 --> 01:00:41,510
The carriers assemble
their trucks...
884
01:00:41,700 --> 01:00:43,540
...at certain
strategic points...
885
01:00:43,740 --> 01:00:46,980
...to make a show of strength
and maintain internal cohesion.
886
01:00:51,140 --> 01:00:53,710
As the New York Times
was to reveal later...
887
01:00:53,910 --> 01:00:56,620
...the strikers are financed
by $5 million...
888
01:00:56,810 --> 01:01:00,020
...from the Central
Intelligence Agency, CIA.
889
01:01:00,890 --> 01:01:04,530
Each of the 35,000 operators
receives $4 a day,...
890
01:01:04,760 --> 01:01:06,930
...at the black market
exchange rate.
891
01:01:12,660 --> 01:01:15,270
Meanwhile, in the gardens
of Congress,...
892
01:01:15,330 --> 01:01:17,540
...just as happened with
the copper strike,...
893
01:01:17,740 --> 01:01:21,910
...the truckers' wives are
given money and provisions.
894
01:01:27,380 --> 01:01:29,980
On July 31,
the government decrees...
895
01:01:30,180 --> 01:01:32,660
...the legal resumption of
work, and sends tractors...
896
01:01:32,820 --> 01:01:35,730
...to tow the paralyzed
vehicles to Santiago.
897
01:01:36,990 --> 01:01:39,730
However, the operators
react with violence...
898
01:01:39,920 --> 01:01:43,130
...and accuse the government
of attacking private property.
899
01:01:44,600 --> 01:01:47,300
These events are filmed by
TV's Channel 13,...
900
01:01:47,470 --> 01:01:49,270
...which sympathizes
with the strike.
901
01:01:54,440 --> 01:01:56,180
A few days later,
Parliament,...
902
01:01:56,340 --> 01:01:58,450
...along with the opposition
journalists,...
903
01:01:58,680 --> 01:02:00,520
...transform the incident
into a scandal.
904
01:02:02,380 --> 01:02:05,190
Congress asks Channel 13
to re-broadcast...
905
01:02:05,350 --> 01:02:07,260
...their film
of the events...
906
01:02:07,390 --> 01:02:09,960
...to help the deputies
reach a judgment.
907
01:02:22,700 --> 01:02:24,650
Backing up the report,...
908
01:02:24,840 --> 01:02:27,980
...the deputies retransmit
these images to the public,...
909
01:02:28,170 --> 01:02:31,120
...presenting them
as an official document.
910
01:02:33,640 --> 01:02:37,920
This shows the opposition's
power within the media,...
911
01:02:38,150 --> 01:02:41,530
...and the freedom of speech
tolerated by the government.
912
01:02:42,290 --> 01:02:44,490
The opposition block
controls Channel 13,...
913
01:02:44,660 --> 01:02:46,190
...Santiago's leading
station,...
914
01:02:46,420 --> 01:02:49,030
...as well as 75%
of the radio stations...
915
01:02:49,230 --> 01:02:51,760
...and 70% of
the written press.
916
01:02:52,930 --> 01:02:55,930
In this case, the seizure
of the trucks...
917
01:02:56,070 --> 01:02:59,640
...fuels a campaign
to discredit the government.
918
01:03:04,610 --> 01:03:06,780
While this is happening
in Parliament,...
919
01:03:06,980 --> 01:03:09,620
...talks between Allende
and the Christian Democracy...
920
01:03:09,780 --> 01:03:11,450
...are deadlocked.
921
01:03:12,780 --> 01:03:14,290
The leaders of that party...
922
01:03:14,450 --> 01:03:16,130
...set 3 conditions
for the President.
923
01:03:16,350 --> 01:03:19,630
He must submit to
Congress' authority,...
924
01:03:19,860 --> 01:03:22,240
...thus renouncing
presidential powers...
925
01:03:22,460 --> 01:03:24,340
...held by other
Chilean leaders.
926
01:03:24,830 --> 01:03:27,970
He must back down on
his nationalization policy.
927
01:03:28,230 --> 01:03:31,700
Finally, he must grant
key government posts...
928
01:03:31,900 --> 01:03:34,510
...to officers who are
totally trusted...
929
01:03:34,640 --> 01:03:36,210
...by the Christian
Democracy.
930
01:03:40,280 --> 01:03:41,480
In reply,...
931
01:03:41,710 --> 01:03:43,990
...President Allende is
opposed to this capitulation.
932
01:03:44,180 --> 01:03:45,490
That same day,...
933
01:03:45,680 --> 01:03:47,490
...the Christian Democracy
halts the talks.
934
01:03:54,330 --> 01:03:55,630
This being so,...
935
01:03:55,860 --> 01:03:59,140
...the entire opposition joins
the anti-government escalade.
936
01:03:59,700 --> 01:04:01,900
During July and August,
terrorist groups...
937
01:04:02,100 --> 01:04:04,670
...trained by North American
intelligence services,...
938
01:04:04,870 --> 01:04:08,820
...carry out 250 attacks
with dynamite and fire bombs.
939
01:04:10,810 --> 01:04:14,620
With this authority vacuum,
Allende gets the support...
940
01:04:14,810 --> 01:04:16,380
...of the leaders
of the armed forces,...
941
01:04:16,610 --> 01:04:18,250
...and, faced with
the situation,...
942
01:04:18,480 --> 01:04:20,890
...the officers agree
to share responsibilities.
943
01:04:21,390 --> 01:04:23,260
A country...
944
01:04:23,490 --> 01:04:25,260
...cannot live...
945
01:04:25,460 --> 01:04:27,830
...submitted to threats
by the heartless.
946
01:04:28,830 --> 01:04:30,830
The streets of Santiago...
947
01:04:31,160 --> 01:04:33,200
...were strewn yesterday...
948
01:04:33,700 --> 01:04:35,970
...with publications
like this.
949
01:04:36,430 --> 01:04:39,140
We must ask
who is paying for them,...
950
01:04:39,340 --> 01:04:41,150
...where are they printed,...
951
01:04:41,440 --> 01:04:44,550
...which are the companies
who are contributing...
952
01:04:46,110 --> 01:04:48,450
...to these attacks...
953
01:04:48,910 --> 01:04:51,330
...against national life,
against the government,...
954
01:04:51,550 --> 01:04:53,260
...against the country.
955
01:04:54,290 --> 01:04:56,860
"8 measures to depose
the government".
956
01:04:58,460 --> 01:05:00,960
That is how shameless
they are.
957
01:05:05,730 --> 01:05:07,470
This Cabinet...
958
01:05:09,300 --> 01:05:11,300
...must put an end...
959
01:05:12,540 --> 01:05:16,010
...to the fascist stoppage
by the carriers,...
960
01:05:18,040 --> 01:05:19,890
...by deciding...
961
01:05:20,080 --> 01:05:22,750
...to enforce the law implacably.
962
01:05:25,250 --> 01:05:29,560
It has the support of the vast
majority of Chileans,...
963
01:05:30,090 --> 01:05:32,900
...who want to avoid,
by all possible means,...
964
01:05:33,060 --> 01:05:35,060
...a civil war
in our homeland.
965
01:05:40,330 --> 01:05:42,470
On August 9, the top
military commanders...
966
01:05:42,670 --> 01:05:44,150
...are incorporated
into the government.
967
01:05:44,370 --> 01:05:47,010
Gen. Prats, natural leader
of the loyal officers,...
968
01:05:47,200 --> 01:05:49,050
...occupies the Ministry
of Defense.
969
01:05:49,270 --> 01:05:53,050
Command of the army falls,
meanwhile, on Gen. Pinochet,...
970
01:05:53,240 --> 01:05:55,420
...also considered
a constitutionalist.
971
01:05:56,880 --> 01:05:59,450
This new cabinet is received
with discrepancies...
972
01:05:59,650 --> 01:06:01,320
...by most of the politicians.
973
01:06:01,520 --> 01:06:02,830
The right reject it.
974
01:06:03,050 --> 01:06:05,660
The Christian Democracy show
a division of opinion.
975
01:06:05,860 --> 01:06:07,390
The left has its doubts.
976
01:06:07,630 --> 01:06:10,610
Only two days later, the
Communist and Socialist parties
977
01:06:10,800 --> 01:06:12,670
...support Allende's decision.
978
01:06:13,260 --> 01:06:14,740
Thank you.
979
01:06:15,300 --> 01:06:16,970
The session is over.
980
01:06:32,950 --> 01:06:35,950
On August 11, the new cabinet
takes the first steps...
981
01:06:36,150 --> 01:06:37,690
...to requisition trucks.
982
01:06:38,120 --> 01:06:40,570
But the initiatives taken
by the commanders...
983
01:06:40,760 --> 01:06:42,360
...displease most
of the officers...
984
01:06:42,590 --> 01:06:44,570
...who are sympathetic
to the stoppage...
985
01:06:44,930 --> 01:06:47,930
This shows that part
of the military apparatus...
986
01:06:48,100 --> 01:06:50,880
...is also involved in the
anti-government offensive.
987
01:06:52,070 --> 01:06:55,610
The U.S. press later revealed
that William Colby,...
988
01:06:55,810 --> 01:06:57,680
...ex-director of the CIA,...
989
01:06:57,780 --> 01:06:59,910
...never denied that it
supported the preparation...
990
01:07:00,140 --> 01:07:02,990
...and financial maintenance
of the strike...
991
01:07:03,280 --> 01:07:05,890
...when he was questioned by
the House of Representatives...
992
01:07:05,980 --> 01:07:08,620
...in Washington,
in October 1973.
993
01:07:21,000 --> 01:07:23,670
On August 12, the Christian
Democrat Party...
994
01:07:23,870 --> 01:07:26,350
...officially announces
its support for the strike.
995
01:07:26,700 --> 01:07:29,810
In factories, raw materials
are diminishing,...
996
01:07:29,970 --> 01:07:32,350
...and in the country
seeds are scarce.
997
01:07:32,480 --> 01:07:33,780
In these circumstances,...
998
01:07:33,980 --> 01:07:36,790
...the civil-military
cabinet has failed.
999
01:07:49,760 --> 01:07:52,600
But the popular response to
the strike continues.
1000
01:07:52,960 --> 01:07:54,840
The government
and its supporters...
1001
01:07:55,030 --> 01:07:58,310
...arrange for products to be
brought to distribution centers.
1002
01:07:58,870 --> 01:08:01,820
With shops closed,
part of the population...
1003
01:08:01,970 --> 01:08:03,680
...supports
the Provisions Council...
1004
01:08:03,910 --> 01:08:06,350
...and strengthens
the "popular stores".
1005
01:08:07,310 --> 01:08:10,420
Each store is formed by
the neighbors in a sector.
1006
01:08:10,610 --> 01:08:12,820
It buys food directly from
the State,...
1007
01:08:12,980 --> 01:08:14,790
...and sells it at cost price.
1008
01:08:14,950 --> 01:08:17,090
Soon, half of Santiago
is benefiting...
1009
01:08:17,250 --> 01:08:18,860
...from direct provisioning.
1010
01:08:19,190 --> 01:08:24,260
Direct provisioning!
1011
01:08:26,730 --> 01:08:30,510
In some areas, the Industrial
Belts send workers' pickets...
1012
01:08:30,630 --> 01:08:33,910
...to oversee distribution
and open any closed shops.
1013
01:08:41,580 --> 01:08:42,850
At this moment,
for the first time,...
1014
01:08:43,110 --> 01:08:44,890
...popular power is ahead
of the police...
1015
01:08:45,120 --> 01:08:48,120
...in maintaining public order
and controlling tradesmen.
1016
01:08:50,320 --> 01:08:52,200
That's enough for now.
1017
01:08:53,660 --> 01:08:56,000
Please move the kids away.
1018
01:08:56,590 --> 01:08:59,010
This isn't
a workers' stoppage.
1019
01:08:59,200 --> 01:09:01,270
It's a stoppage
by the truck owners.
1020
01:09:01,500 --> 01:09:05,210
I don't think there's one
worker with a truck on strike.
1021
01:09:05,400 --> 01:09:07,910
The ones on strike
have got fleets of trucks.
1022
01:09:08,110 --> 01:09:10,610
They're keeping
this useless strike going.
1023
01:09:10,980 --> 01:09:14,250
This stoppage is
clearly political.
1024
01:09:15,510 --> 01:09:20,050
And it is we, the people,
who are being harmed by it.
1025
01:09:20,220 --> 01:09:24,060
We're the ones who have to put
up with waiting in these lines.
1026
01:09:24,220 --> 01:09:27,230
If all the trucks
went back to work, ...
1027
01:09:27,360 --> 01:09:28,960
...we wouldn't have
all these lines.
1028
01:09:29,160 --> 01:09:31,870
But the workers went out
on the street.
1029
01:09:32,130 --> 01:09:35,200
We went out and fought and
did our duty as workers,...
1030
01:09:35,370 --> 01:09:38,280
...defending our workplaces
and continuing production,...
1031
01:09:38,440 --> 01:09:41,420
...and loading goods
with our bare hands...
1032
01:09:41,570 --> 01:09:44,450
...so that the towns
didn't go short of food.
1033
01:09:44,610 --> 01:09:47,890
The workers showed that
to our President...
1034
01:09:48,050 --> 01:09:49,290
...and the authorities.
1035
01:09:52,250 --> 01:09:54,730
Some of the carriers who
support the government...
1036
01:09:54,920 --> 01:09:56,130
...organize convoys...
1037
01:09:56,350 --> 01:09:59,060
...to distribute food
in the provinces.
1038
01:10:00,320 --> 01:10:03,790
The population also develops
a family supply system,...
1039
01:10:04,030 --> 01:10:06,200
...called
"the people's basket".
1040
01:10:08,570 --> 01:10:16,420
No compromise on defending
the people's basket!
1041
01:10:20,710 --> 01:10:23,590
How do you see
the government's attitude?
1042
01:10:23,780 --> 01:10:25,920
The government's attitude...
1043
01:10:26,420 --> 01:10:28,090
...has to be to maneuver.
1044
01:10:28,320 --> 01:10:30,820
If you were the government,
you'd have to do the same.
1045
01:10:31,060 --> 01:10:34,060
The government has to walk
a tightrope at times.
1046
01:10:34,660 --> 01:10:38,070
I believe that this
isn't the government's fault.
1047
01:10:38,260 --> 01:10:41,940
For me, as a Marxist socialist
from 1932 to the present,...
1048
01:10:42,430 --> 01:10:45,350
...because I was in the fight
for the Socialist Republic...
1049
01:10:45,470 --> 01:10:50,510
...and I knew comrade Grove
and he made one mistake.
1050
01:10:50,670 --> 01:10:52,810
When the people asked him
for arms,...
1051
01:10:52,980 --> 01:10:55,180
...he wouldn't give them any.
1052
01:10:55,380 --> 01:10:59,450
Of course, it would have been
an uncontrollable massacre.
1053
01:10:59,650 --> 01:11:02,150
And then what would
have happened?
1054
01:11:02,420 --> 01:11:07,160
Even now, I think we're
still far from having...
1055
01:11:07,320 --> 01:11:08,770
...a good front.
1056
01:11:08,990 --> 01:11:10,840
We just don't have one.
1057
01:11:11,030 --> 01:11:12,770
We've got anti-fascist
organizations...
1058
01:11:13,000 --> 01:11:15,270
...and defense committees,
but we're lacking...
1059
01:11:15,500 --> 01:11:18,380
...provincial and national
coordination...
1060
01:11:18,570 --> 01:11:20,170
...in order to act
on one front.
1061
01:11:20,370 --> 01:11:24,150
We can't let what happened
in Spain happen here.
1062
01:11:24,340 --> 01:11:26,510
There was a party division,...
1063
01:11:27,080 --> 01:11:29,060
...the anarcho-syndicalists
on one side,...
1064
01:11:29,280 --> 01:11:30,520
...the socialists
on the other,...
1065
01:11:30,750 --> 01:11:32,890
...and Franco's fascism
got into power.
1066
01:11:37,590 --> 01:11:39,400
Meanwhile, in Valparaíso,...
1067
01:11:39,590 --> 01:11:42,370
...some sailors discover
the naval conspiracy...
1068
01:11:42,560 --> 01:11:45,170
...and inform several
left-wing leaders.
1069
01:11:46,460 --> 01:11:49,210
This action is discovered
by the commanders...
1070
01:11:49,270 --> 01:11:51,080
...and the sailors
are accused of mutiny,...
1071
01:11:51,240 --> 01:11:53,080
...jailed and submitted
to torture.
1072
01:12:00,440 --> 01:12:03,550
On August 22,
the opposition,...
1073
01:12:03,750 --> 01:12:06,250
...breaks definitively with
the constitutional regime.
1074
01:12:06,820 --> 01:12:09,090
The agreement,
without any legal basis,...
1075
01:12:09,290 --> 01:12:11,200
...says the government "would
be violating the Constitution"
1076
01:12:11,420 --> 01:12:14,130
...and is an open invitation
for military intervention.
1077
01:12:14,490 --> 01:12:16,160
Supported by
a simple majority,...
1078
01:12:16,390 --> 01:12:19,470
...this declaration justifies
military rebellion...
1079
01:12:19,700 --> 01:12:22,230
...and legitimizes the coup.
1080
01:12:39,720 --> 01:12:42,460
From this point,
events occur rapidly.
1081
01:12:42,650 --> 01:12:44,830
A group of women gather
outside the house...
1082
01:12:45,060 --> 01:12:47,590
...of Army Commander
Gen. Carlos Prats,...
1083
01:12:47,830 --> 01:12:49,530
...natural leader
of the officers...
1084
01:12:49,760 --> 01:12:51,330
...who respect
the democratic system.
1085
01:12:55,400 --> 01:12:58,610
The rally, in which the wives
of 6 generals take part,...
1086
01:12:58,800 --> 01:13:00,440
...is to show Carlos Prats...
1087
01:13:00,640 --> 01:13:03,080
...that he no longer has
the top military support.
1088
01:13:03,310 --> 01:13:06,380
The next day, the Council of
Generals refuses to back him...
1089
01:13:06,580 --> 01:13:08,180
...and Carlos Prats
decides to resign.
1090
01:13:09,710 --> 01:13:12,090
- Faggots!
- Lousy faggots!
1091
01:13:14,020 --> 01:13:15,930
Generals Pickering
and Sepúlveda,...
1092
01:13:16,150 --> 01:13:18,690
...the main loyal commanders,
also resign.
1093
01:13:18,920 --> 01:13:21,840
Augusto Pinochet, seemingly
a professional soldier...
1094
01:13:22,030 --> 01:13:23,500
...who respects
the Constitution,...
1095
01:13:23,690 --> 01:13:25,900
...becomes the new
Commander-in-Chief.
1096
01:13:35,070 --> 01:13:36,810
While the conspiracy
progresses,...
1097
01:13:36,970 --> 01:13:39,650
...the civilian opposition
begins the final offensive.
1098
01:13:39,810 --> 01:13:42,350
On August 14,
in the Catholic University,...
1099
01:13:42,510 --> 01:13:44,550
...the women from
"Feminine Power"...
1100
01:13:44,750 --> 01:13:47,350
...meet to support
the transport strike.
1101
01:13:49,050 --> 01:13:52,730
That is why this strike
by the carriers,...
1102
01:13:52,960 --> 01:13:56,130
...which was avoided
in October 1972,...
1103
01:13:56,330 --> 01:13:58,240
...will, this time,
have to be a battle...
1104
01:13:58,460 --> 01:14:00,170
...to the final consequences.
1105
01:14:00,360 --> 01:14:03,610
This is how it is seen
by all of us...
1106
01:14:03,870 --> 01:14:06,540
...who support the carriers
in their just struggle.
1107
01:14:17,110 --> 01:14:19,590
Days later,
the government's enemies...
1108
01:14:19,780 --> 01:14:22,060
...ask for the President's
resignation.
1109
01:14:22,320 --> 01:14:23,960
3 years of economic war...
1110
01:14:24,190 --> 01:14:27,030
...have let the White House
and the internal opposition...
1111
01:14:27,190 --> 01:14:29,760
...win a large sector
of the middle class.
1112
01:14:29,960 --> 01:14:31,870
This is where
the rebel officers...
1113
01:14:32,100 --> 01:14:35,570
...find the social support for
continuing with their plans.
1114
01:14:55,490 --> 01:14:58,520
September 4 is
the third anniversary...
1115
01:14:58,720 --> 01:15:00,900
...of Salvador Allende's
electoral triumph.
1116
01:15:01,230 --> 01:15:03,900
Despite the crisis,
government sympathizers...
1117
01:15:04,130 --> 01:15:06,300
...organize one of
the biggest demonstrations...
1118
01:15:06,500 --> 01:15:08,240
...in the country's
political history.
1119
01:15:47,000 --> 01:15:50,180
From 5:00 p.m.,
more than 800,000 people...
1120
01:15:50,340 --> 01:15:52,750
...file past the President
of the Republic.
1121
01:15:53,480 --> 01:15:57,190
Three days later, Allende
tells his collaborators...
1122
01:15:57,350 --> 01:15:59,120
...that he wants to hold
a plebiscite...
1123
01:15:59,180 --> 01:16:02,650
...to resolve the government's
continuity in a democratic way.
1124
01:16:04,090 --> 01:16:06,830
The chosen date for announcing
the plebiscite...
1125
01:16:06,990 --> 01:16:09,270
...is September 11.
1126
01:16:10,790 --> 01:16:14,440
We'll cut the dick off
the "mummy" who speculates!
1127
01:16:14,630 --> 01:16:18,410
If that won't do,
we'll cut his balls off too!
1128
01:16:26,410 --> 01:16:31,050
Workers, let's go into action
and stop the rebellion!
1129
01:16:34,850 --> 01:16:39,320
Young Communists of Chile!
1130
01:16:39,860 --> 01:16:47,800
Allende, Allende,
the people will defend you!
1131
01:17:14,590 --> 01:17:18,200
Young Communists of Chile!
1132
01:17:20,800 --> 01:17:23,300
Keep fighting, President!
1133
01:17:23,730 --> 01:17:26,240
- Hurrah for Allende!
- Hurrah!
1134
01:17:26,740 --> 01:17:32,710
Popular Unity,
keep fighting!
1135
01:17:32,910 --> 01:17:39,920
We'll fight and we'll create
popular power!
1136
01:17:42,950 --> 01:17:46,590
The Socialist Party of Chile!
1137
01:17:51,090 --> 01:17:55,870
Socialist Youth!
1138
01:17:56,370 --> 01:18:04,050
The expropriated factories
will never be handed back!
1139
01:18:06,510 --> 01:18:08,720
The time for conciliation
is over!
1140
01:18:08,950 --> 01:18:10,860
It's time to fight!
1141
01:18:14,920 --> 01:18:22,000
People, awareness, arms!
1142
01:18:27,760 --> 01:18:30,770
- Louder!
- MAPU!
1143
01:18:31,000 --> 01:18:32,710
Shout it louder!
1144
01:18:32,900 --> 01:18:34,440
MAPU!
1145
01:18:42,880 --> 01:18:46,880
Allende, don't worry,
the people are with you!
1146
01:18:47,120 --> 01:18:50,760
Allende, don't worry,
the people are with you!
1147
01:19:07,640 --> 01:19:10,210
Faced with the people,
mobilized but unarmed,...
1148
01:19:10,410 --> 01:19:11,720
...the internal opposition...
1149
01:19:11,940 --> 01:19:13,480
...and the U.S.
State Department...
1150
01:19:13,680 --> 01:19:15,550
...decide to play
their last card.
1151
01:19:19,880 --> 01:19:25,160
The morning of September 11.
The voice of President Allende.
1152
01:19:25,920 --> 01:19:28,530
Confirmed reports have said...
1153
01:19:28,790 --> 01:19:33,670
...that a sector
of the navy...
1154
01:19:34,400 --> 01:19:36,740
...has isolated Valparaiso...
1155
01:19:37,470 --> 01:19:39,640
...and that the city
is occupied.
1156
01:19:40,100 --> 01:19:42,980
In any case, I am here,...
1157
01:19:43,170 --> 01:19:45,150
...in the government palace...
1158
01:19:45,380 --> 01:19:48,480
...and I'll stay here,
defending...
1159
01:19:50,080 --> 01:19:53,550
...the government I represent
by the will of the people.
1160
01:19:57,720 --> 01:20:00,860
On September 11, the navy
unleashes the coup...
1161
01:20:00,990 --> 01:20:02,370
...in the port of Valparaíso.
1162
01:20:02,590 --> 01:20:05,040
At the same time, four
North American destroyers...
1163
01:20:05,230 --> 01:20:06,570
...move close to
the Chilean coast...
1164
01:20:06,800 --> 01:20:08,970
...to take part in
"Operation Unitas"...
1165
01:20:09,130 --> 01:20:11,910
...and maintain contact
with the mutineers.
1166
01:20:16,870 --> 01:20:19,010
At 7:30, President Allende...
1167
01:20:19,210 --> 01:20:22,160
...has arrived at the palace
to give instructions.
1168
01:20:22,510 --> 01:20:23,990
The situation is critical.
1169
01:20:24,250 --> 01:20:25,780
There is no joint plan...
1170
01:20:25,950 --> 01:20:27,790
...for the armed defense
of the government.
1171
01:20:28,820 --> 01:20:30,230
During the early morning,...
1172
01:20:30,490 --> 01:20:33,960
...most of the constitutionalist
officers have been neutralized.
1173
01:20:36,730 --> 01:20:39,640
At 8:00 a.m.,
several Air Force planes...
1174
01:20:39,830 --> 01:20:41,940
...start to fly over
the capital.
1175
01:20:42,530 --> 01:20:45,210
At 8:20, the leaders
of the uprising...
1176
01:20:45,400 --> 01:20:46,970
...demand the President's
resignation,...
1177
01:20:47,170 --> 01:20:49,510
...and offer him a plane
in which to leave the country.
1178
01:20:50,010 --> 01:20:53,280
At 9:15, the constitutional
President prepares to fight...
1179
01:20:53,440 --> 01:20:55,080
...and speaks again
by radio.
1180
01:20:56,080 --> 01:20:58,460
The Air Force has bombed...
1181
01:20:58,520 --> 01:21:02,960
...the masts of "Radio Portales"
and "Radio Corporacin".
1182
01:21:05,060 --> 01:21:06,690
This being so,..
1183
01:21:07,390 --> 01:21:09,770
...it only remains for me
to say to the workers,...
1184
01:21:09,990 --> 01:21:12,130
...I am not going to give up.
1185
01:21:14,830 --> 01:21:17,240
Placed in an historical
transition,...
1186
01:21:18,030 --> 01:21:22,350
...I shall repay the loyalty
of the people with my life.
1187
01:21:25,440 --> 01:21:29,450
History is ours, and it is
made by the people.
1188
01:21:30,450 --> 01:21:32,760
Long live Chile!
Long live the people!
1189
01:21:33,080 --> 01:21:34,890
Long live the workers!
1190
01:21:52,570 --> 01:21:54,710
After a few hours
of resistance,...
1191
01:21:54,870 --> 01:21:57,680
...the military sends
Allende an ultimatum.
1192
01:21:58,070 --> 01:22:01,020
If he doesn't surrender,
the planes will begin bombing.
1193
01:22:01,440 --> 01:22:02,620
At this,...
1194
01:22:02,850 --> 01:22:04,920
...the President gives
the palace guard...
1195
01:22:05,080 --> 01:22:08,490
...freedom of action,
and they abandon the building.
1196
01:22:09,090 --> 01:22:11,590
President Allende,
who refuses to surrender,...
1197
01:22:11,760 --> 01:22:13,670
...is accompanied
by 40 civilians...
1198
01:22:13,860 --> 01:22:15,930
...prepared to face
the attack.
1199
01:23:12,580 --> 01:23:13,930
Despite the bombardment,...
1200
01:23:14,120 --> 01:23:16,260
...the palace defenders
hold out for 3 hours.
1201
01:23:16,420 --> 01:23:18,130
At the same time,
there are skirmishes...
1202
01:23:18,320 --> 01:23:20,320
...in parts of Santiago
and the provinces.
1203
01:23:23,330 --> 01:23:27,170
At 2:15 p.m., President
Allende dies in La Moneda.
1204
01:23:32,440 --> 01:23:33,810
At 9:00 p.m.,...
1205
01:23:34,040 --> 01:23:37,080
...the leaders of the uprising
speak to the country.
1206
01:23:38,440 --> 01:23:40,850
The armed forces...
1207
01:23:41,380 --> 01:23:43,860
...have acted today...
1208
01:23:44,280 --> 01:23:47,750
...solely from
the patriotic inspiration...
1209
01:23:47,950 --> 01:23:50,330
...of saving the country...
1210
01:23:50,520 --> 01:23:52,230
...from the tremendous
chaos...
1211
01:23:52,420 --> 01:23:55,870
...into which it was
being plunged...
1212
01:23:56,030 --> 01:23:59,870
...by the Marxist government
of Salvador Allende.
1213
01:24:00,960 --> 01:24:06,380
The Junta will maintain
judicial power...
1214
01:24:06,800 --> 01:24:10,220
...and consultantship of
the Public Accounts Control.
1215
01:24:10,810 --> 01:24:16,760
The Chambers will remain in
recess until further orders.
1216
01:24:17,980 --> 01:24:19,590
That is all.
1217
01:24:23,690 --> 01:24:25,500
It may be sad...
1218
01:24:25,690 --> 01:24:29,330
...to have broken
a democratic tradition...
1219
01:24:30,630 --> 01:24:32,800
...which on this continent...
1220
01:24:33,460 --> 01:24:35,530
...was of long standing.
1221
01:24:37,130 --> 01:24:39,840
But when the State
loses its qualities,...
1222
01:24:40,900 --> 01:24:42,940
...there are those...
1223
01:24:44,310 --> 01:24:47,350
...who, by mandate,...
1224
01:24:48,110 --> 01:24:51,680
...have to enforce them,
and take on that task.
1225
01:24:51,980 --> 01:24:53,650
We are doing that today.
1226
01:24:54,220 --> 01:24:56,630
We are sure
that all of Chile...
1227
01:24:57,090 --> 01:24:59,860
...has to understand
the sacrifice that entails.
1228
01:25:01,260 --> 01:25:03,740
It isn't a matter
of squashing tendencies...
1229
01:25:03,890 --> 01:25:05,630
...or ideological trends,...
1230
01:25:05,830 --> 01:25:08,070
...or carrying out
personal revenge,...
1231
01:25:08,400 --> 01:25:11,810
...but, as I said, of
reestablishing public order,..
1232
01:25:12,000 --> 01:25:14,640
...and returning the country
to observance...
1233
01:25:14,900 --> 01:25:18,220
...of the Republic's
Constitution and laws.
1234
01:25:19,640 --> 01:25:21,780
After three years...
1235
01:25:22,150 --> 01:25:25,150
...of suffering
the Marxist cancer...
1236
01:25:25,650 --> 01:25:27,720
...which led us...
1237
01:25:28,080 --> 01:25:32,860
...to economic, moral
and social disaster,...
1238
01:25:33,760 --> 01:25:36,700
...and which could no longer
be tolerated...
1239
01:25:38,530 --> 01:25:43,880
...for the sacred interests
of the homeland,...
1240
01:25:44,830 --> 01:25:47,370
...we found ourselves
obliged...
1241
01:25:47,500 --> 01:25:52,420
...to take on
the sad and painful mission...
1242
01:25:52,880 --> 01:25:54,910
...which we have undertaken.
1243
01:25:55,450 --> 01:25:57,320
We are not afraid.
1244
01:25:57,510 --> 01:25:59,520
We know the enormous
responsibility...
1245
01:25:59,720 --> 01:26:01,860
...that will rest
on our shoulders.
1246
01:26:02,720 --> 01:26:05,200
But we are convinced,...
1247
01:26:05,420 --> 01:26:07,560
...we are quite sure...
1248
01:26:07,820 --> 01:26:10,740
...that the vast majority
of the Chilean people...
1249
01:26:11,130 --> 01:26:12,970
...are with us.
1250
01:26:13,300 --> 01:26:16,210
They are willing to fight
against Marxism!
1251
01:26:16,330 --> 01:26:18,740
They are willing
to stamp it out...
1252
01:26:18,940 --> 01:26:20,920
...down to the final
consequences!
1253
01:26:29,680 --> 01:26:31,280
From September 11,...
1254
01:26:31,510 --> 01:26:33,990
...all the army's resources
are used...
1255
01:26:34,180 --> 01:26:35,990
...to repress
the popular movement,...
1256
01:26:36,220 --> 01:26:38,600
...with the compliance
of the U.S. government.
1257
01:26:39,590 --> 01:26:42,970
The initial armed resistance
by some industrial belts,...
1258
01:26:43,090 --> 01:26:45,070
...towns, mines and
agricultural centers...
1259
01:26:45,300 --> 01:26:47,900
...is quickly crushed
in an unequal fight.
1260
01:27:00,580 --> 01:27:02,280
Thousands of people
lose their lives,...
1261
01:27:02,550 --> 01:27:03,990
...and the main
sports stadiums...
1262
01:27:04,280 --> 01:27:06,320
...are turned into
concentration camps.
1263
01:27:07,120 --> 01:27:08,860
The longest representative
democracy...
1264
01:27:09,050 --> 01:27:11,500
...in Latin American history
has ceased to exist.
1265
01:27:12,320 --> 01:27:14,960
Nevertheless, on that same
September 11,...
1266
01:27:15,230 --> 01:27:17,470
...the democratic forces
begin to reorganize,...
1267
01:27:17,690 --> 01:27:20,040
...and adopt numerous
forms of resistance.
1268
01:27:22,170 --> 01:27:24,700
The battle of Chile
is not over yet.
1269
01:27:28,400 --> 01:27:30,910
They have the strength.
1270
01:27:31,140 --> 01:27:33,980
They can subjugate us,
1271
01:27:34,240 --> 01:27:37,350
but they cannot stop
social processes...
1272
01:27:37,580 --> 01:27:42,690
...with crime
or with strength.
1273
01:27:43,420 --> 01:27:45,990
History is ours,...
1274
01:27:46,220 --> 01:27:48,790
...and it is made
by the people.
1275
01:27:49,260 --> 01:27:52,170
You must always know...
1276
01:27:52,400 --> 01:27:56,470
...that sooner
rather than later...
1277
01:27:56,730 --> 01:27:59,940
...they will open
the great avenues...
1278
01:28:00,170 --> 01:28:03,240
...where man can walk free...
1279
01:28:03,470 --> 01:28:08,650
...and build a better society.
104158
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