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NARRATOR: In 1942,
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the shockwaves of war
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flood into every corner
of the pacific...
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From steamy island jungles...
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To the bitter Alaskan cold.
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MAN: It was the worst place.
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I froze to death.
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NARRATOR:
In these unfamiliar lands,
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enemies that were
an ocean apart...
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(gunshots)
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Will soon come face to face.
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MAN: Midway was our first
real encounter with the enemy.
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(gunfire)
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(explosion)
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NARRATOR:
With rare personal films...
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And color combat footage...
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MAN: Bullets
and anti-aircraft fire
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were coming at me
from every direction.
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NARRATOR: Hear the voices
and feel the fight.
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♫ ♫
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Brought to you by Sailor420
!!! Hope you enjoy the film !!!
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♫ ♫
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BAINE KERR: You didn't know
when you were going to sail.
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Wives didn't know any given day
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if they would see
their husbands again.
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We didn't know
where we were going.
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ACENCION FERNANDEZ:
All they said was,
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"you all aren't gonna need
no winter clothes.
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You're going overseas."
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KERR: Then, one morning,
we were underway.
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♫ ♫
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CHARLES RIPPER: We left out
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underneath
the golden gate bridge.
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Things looked pretty good.
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It was a really smooth ride.
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Then we got out,
and the ocean got rough,
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and the waves got big,
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and that little boat was
bouncing around like a cork.
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We were all sick as hell.
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H.L. OBERMILLER:
Before I was out of the harbor,
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I was feeding fish
over the side.
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NARRATOR: Freshly trained men
in brand-new uniforms
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jam onto ships
heading to an unfamiliar world
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6,000 miles away.
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♫ ♫
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HOWARD JONES: We were sleeping
on the hangar decks...
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The flight decks.
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Anywhere we could find
a place to lay down.
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NARRATOR: Some are barely 18.
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RICHARD WILLIAMS:
I was just a kid.
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I had never spent a night away
from my mother or father.
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I spent a lot of time in my bunk
just thinking about home,
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and even crying once in a while.
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NARRATOR: They can only imagine
what war is like
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and where they're going
to fight it.
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Serviceman Dan Rocklin
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lands in a jungle
on the other side of the ocean.
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(bird squawking)
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He brings his own camera
to capture how exotic it is.
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(squawking)
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He's near Port Moresby,
on the island of New Guinea.
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Rivers are infested
with crocodiles.
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Kids climb trees for coconuts.
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Then trade them for cigarettes.
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The tribe is welcoming,
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but can't help
staring at the strange men
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pointing cameras at them.
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They'll be calling this home.
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But they aren't here for fun.
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(engine humming)
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The Japanese
are quickly closing in.
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The Japanese already hold
the Solomon Islands
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and most of New Guinea.
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Now a fleet is on the way
to complete the conquest...
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If they can kick the allies
out of Port Moresby.
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If New Guinea falls,
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Australia fears
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it could be next.
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But Americans
see the Japanese coming.
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Code breakers
sniff out the plan.
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Admiral Chester Nimitz
decides to gamble.
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He sends an armada,
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including
four aircraft carriers,
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to meet them head on.
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(engines roaring)
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The battle of the coral sea
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starts with a big blow.
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(engines roaring)
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Americans spot
a Japanese carrier.
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(gunfire)
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They dive down through
piercing anti-aircraft fire
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and sink it.
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(gunfire)
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The Japanese respond
by swarming American ships.
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(gunfire and explosions)
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It's dogfight after dogfight,
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but neither side's Navy
can see the other.
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Planes do all the fighting,
long distance.
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WILLIAM LOCKEY:
The planes flew right around us,
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and the guns couldn't keep up.
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(firing)
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And the boys couldn't
twist that gun fast enough.
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(gunfire)
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NARRATOR: Then, Americans hit
a second enemy carrier.
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But Japan responds
with two mortal blows.
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A bomb rips through the deck
of the USS Yorktown,
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killing 40 men.
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And the USS Lexington
is blasted beyond repair.
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♫ ♫
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Both sides suffer heavy losses.
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But the allies have halted
Japan's momentum.
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Those left behind
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will never know
the historic impact
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of the battle of the coral sea.
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Not once do opposing ships
spot each other.
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Not once do they
exchange a salvo.
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It's a new kind of naval battle,
fought entirely with airplanes.
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And it's a sigh of relief
for Australia.
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(gunshots)
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(trolley bell dinging)
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Australians feel safer.
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(dinging)
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Fears of a Japanese invasion
are waning.
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But another invasion
is underway.
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TIM MURPHY: Suddenly,
the yanks were here.
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They all seemed to have
big mouths and square teeth
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and came from places I'd never
heard of, like Nebraska.
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NARRATOR: Cities like Brisbane
are overrun by Americans.
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♫ ♫
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A parade of U.S. troops
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shows the scale
of this friendly invasion.
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Up to a million men.
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Their reputation precedes them.
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♫ ♫
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BARRY RALPH: The Americans,
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they had a good record
for saving people.
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I knew that
from watching westerns.
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NARRATOR: It's a marriage
of convenience.
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Australia gets extra protection.
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America gets a new home base
for south pacific operations.
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(gunshots)
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The two allied forces
train together...
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(gunshots)
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And play together.
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Americans provide the baseball.
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00:09:05,988 --> 00:09:09,592
And Australians
provide the beer.
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00:09:09,592 --> 00:09:13,629
The men seem to get along
famously until...
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♫ ♫
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MAUREEN MEADOWS: We liked
everything about the yanks.
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In fact, we just couldn't
help stare at them.
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NARRATOR: The Americans
have sharper uniforms
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and deeper pockets.
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They earn up to twice as much
as the aussie soldier
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and splash their cash
when they hit the town.
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BILL BENTSON: We had
the chocolates, the ice cream,
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the silk stockings,
and the dollars.
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We were able to show the girls
a good time.
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♫ ♫
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COLIN KERR-GRANT: In Sydney,
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you were competing
with Americans
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for the attention of women.
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And some of the Australian girls
really chased the Americans.
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NARRATOR: Australian men
start taking offense
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and adopt a slogan
describing Americans
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as "overpaid, oversexed,
and over here."
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♫ ♫
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Their welcome is wearing thin.
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Arguments among troops
turn into street fights.
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Street fights turn into riots.
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Melbourne and Brisbane
erupt into chaos.
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♫ ♫
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General Douglas Macarthur
is well aware of the problem.
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He's in Australia commanding
both nations' troops.
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He's about to send these
joint forces into battle,
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if they can stop
fighting each other.
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Spring 1942.
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A new allied experiment
is underway.
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Americans and Australians deploy
as one army for the first time.
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Their navies
repelled the Japanese
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enough to hold Port Moresby,
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the last allied outpost
on New Guinea.
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Now ground troops pour in.
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The allied camp is nestled
inside a coconut plantation.
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From here, they want to
retake the entire island.
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But New Guinea is nearly
impossible to penetrate.
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Mountains rise to 16,000 feet,
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surrounded by thick jungle.
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So they try to enlist
some local expertise.
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American pilot Ken Gerrish
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takes his own footage
of curious tribesmen
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in the remote highlands
outside Port Moresby.
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An Australian captain
breaks the ice
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by taking pictures of the chief.
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It's the first time he's ever
seen a photo of himself.
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The tribe agrees
on the common enemy,
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00:12:07,770 --> 00:12:10,339
and they're ready to fight.
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00:12:10,339 --> 00:12:12,808
KEN GERRISH: We were fortunate
to get these pictures,
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as this was a real war party
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who actually did kill
some jap soldiers.
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♫ ♫
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NARRATOR: Now this uncommon
collection of allies
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has to fight the Japanese
that surround them.
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00:12:32,294 --> 00:12:34,430
Each side takes potshots
at the other
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00:12:34,430 --> 00:12:36,599
from close distance.
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00:12:38,868 --> 00:12:40,302
Black smoke rises
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from Japanese raids
on the Port Moresby camp.
207
00:12:49,412 --> 00:12:53,616
Allied pilots strike back
on Japanese bases nearby,
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00:12:53,616 --> 00:12:56,485
turning zeroes into scrap metal.
209
00:12:57,920 --> 00:13:02,458
One squadron tallies 200 kills.
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00:13:02,458 --> 00:13:05,161
Their pilots seldom survive.
211
00:13:07,930 --> 00:13:13,135
Those that do become pows
under Australian guard.
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00:13:15,938 --> 00:13:20,743
A close-quarter air war
is a dangerous game.
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00:13:20,743 --> 00:13:23,646
The two sides
are on the same island.
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00:13:23,646 --> 00:13:26,082
If a pilot bails
into the jungle,
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00:13:26,082 --> 00:13:29,752
all bets are off
on who finds him first.
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00:13:31,420 --> 00:13:34,957
So every pilot carries
a life vest, a knife,
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00:13:34,957 --> 00:13:36,659
and a pistol.
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00:13:36,659 --> 00:13:40,296
Between the jungle itself
and the enemy within,
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00:13:40,296 --> 00:13:42,865
survival isn't guaranteed.
220
00:13:44,333 --> 00:13:47,670
But it helps to have
the locals on your side.
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00:13:49,638 --> 00:13:51,474
Ken Gerrish brings his camera
222
00:13:51,474 --> 00:13:54,710
on a rescue mission
to the wild interior.
223
00:13:57,913 --> 00:14:00,816
GERRISH: We landed on a river
to pick up a downed pilot,
224
00:14:00,816 --> 00:14:02,752
an aussie officer.
225
00:14:05,121 --> 00:14:06,822
NARRATOR: The pilot can thank
226
00:14:06,822 --> 00:14:10,092
New Guinea's
own search and rescue team.
227
00:14:10,092 --> 00:14:12,261
GERRISH:
He was rowed to the plane
228
00:14:12,261 --> 00:14:15,364
by natives in their log canoe.
229
00:14:15,364 --> 00:14:18,200
He was real happy to see us.
230
00:14:23,339 --> 00:14:26,142
NARRATOR:
American and Australian flyboys
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00:14:26,142 --> 00:14:28,911
are forming a tighter bond...
232
00:14:28,911 --> 00:14:31,914
Now that their lives
depend on each other.
233
00:14:33,783 --> 00:14:38,220
The pressure of combat punctures
their pre-war tensions.
234
00:14:38,220 --> 00:14:41,090
Handshakes
are replacing fistfights.
235
00:14:41,090 --> 00:14:47,530
♫ ♫
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00:14:47,530 --> 00:14:48,898
J. EDWARD ANGLY: I will say
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00:14:48,898 --> 00:14:51,500
that once the scene
of battle is reached,
238
00:14:51,500 --> 00:14:55,538
the two bodies of troops
get along exceedingly well.
239
00:14:56,772 --> 00:14:58,741
NARRATOR: It helps
that there are no women
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00:14:58,741 --> 00:15:01,544
on Port Moresby beaches
to fight over.
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00:15:01,544 --> 00:15:06,448
♫ ♫
242
00:15:06,448 --> 00:15:09,618
But they are never far
from their minds.
243
00:15:09,618 --> 00:15:15,758
♫ ♫
244
00:15:15,758 --> 00:15:17,827
All over the pacific theater,
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00:15:17,827 --> 00:15:22,298
sexual frustration leads
to creative expression.
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00:15:22,298 --> 00:15:24,600
Their beloved planes
become the canvas
247
00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:27,469
for what they call "nose art."
248
00:15:29,071 --> 00:15:31,507
The farther from the public eye,
249
00:15:31,507 --> 00:15:33,209
the racier the art.
250
00:15:33,209 --> 00:15:38,080
♫ ♫
251
00:15:38,080 --> 00:15:40,749
Some choose cartoon characters.
252
00:15:42,184 --> 00:15:44,753
Others opt for intimidation.
253
00:15:46,589 --> 00:15:50,826
This one goes for sheer size.
254
00:15:50,826 --> 00:15:53,429
This is the largest
nose art painting
255
00:15:53,429 --> 00:15:54,897
of World War II,
256
00:15:54,897 --> 00:15:58,434
called
"the dragon and his tail."
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00:15:59,835 --> 00:16:04,139
The average airfield
becomes an art museum--
258
00:16:04,139 --> 00:16:06,609
albeit, without a roof.
259
00:16:09,211 --> 00:16:11,413
When rain soaks New Guinea,
260
00:16:11,413 --> 00:16:15,818
nothing and no one
escapes the deluge.
261
00:16:15,818 --> 00:16:20,356
GERRISH: The rain averaged
about two inches a day.
262
00:16:20,356 --> 00:16:22,358
We didn't fly one mission.
263
00:16:24,293 --> 00:16:26,362
Most of the time
was spent in the tents,
264
00:16:26,362 --> 00:16:29,064
except for chow
or latrine business.
265
00:16:31,533 --> 00:16:34,069
NARRATOR: It's tough going
for the soldiers.
266
00:16:34,069 --> 00:16:47,182
♫ ♫
267
00:16:47,182 --> 00:16:48,584
This endless rain
268
00:16:48,584 --> 00:16:51,520
creates a problem
even bigger than mud.
269
00:16:54,523 --> 00:16:56,025
GERRISH: Practically all our men
270
00:16:56,025 --> 00:16:58,260
had malaria
at one time or another.
271
00:16:58,260 --> 00:17:02,064
I had it twice, along with
a bout of dengue fever.
272
00:17:02,064 --> 00:17:03,299
NARRATOR: The south pacific
273
00:17:03,299 --> 00:17:06,402
is a hotbed
for tropical diseases.
274
00:17:06,402 --> 00:17:08,671
Insect bites cause
more stretcher cases
275
00:17:08,671 --> 00:17:10,706
than enemy bullets.
276
00:17:12,241 --> 00:17:14,443
Even when the sun
comes back out,
277
00:17:14,443 --> 00:17:17,546
fevers rage
inside the medical tents.
278
00:17:18,948 --> 00:17:20,282
On New Guinea alone,
279
00:17:20,282 --> 00:17:25,154
the average soldier
endures malaria four times.
280
00:17:25,154 --> 00:17:27,990
CHARLES PASE: Your bones
and everything would ache.
281
00:17:27,990 --> 00:17:29,224
You would be weak.
282
00:17:29,224 --> 00:17:31,393
You could hardly
hold up a rifle.
283
00:17:33,429 --> 00:17:37,533
You could walk, you could crawl,
but you couldn't do much else.
284
00:17:39,001 --> 00:17:42,871
NARRATOR: It's a crippling
manpower problem.
285
00:17:42,871 --> 00:17:46,075
Fighting malaria will take
a whole separate war.
286
00:17:48,177 --> 00:17:51,513
The army's medical department
rushes into action.
287
00:17:55,184 --> 00:18:00,456
Malaria control units spray ddt
liberally across the island.
288
00:18:02,191 --> 00:18:06,462
Training films urge troops
to take strict precautions.
289
00:18:07,496 --> 00:18:09,565
ANNOUNCER: Sleeves down,
290
00:18:09,565 --> 00:18:12,201
shirt buttoned,
291
00:18:12,201 --> 00:18:13,936
repellent smeared on,
292
00:18:13,936 --> 00:18:17,072
and smeared on often enough
to keep the mosquitos away.
293
00:18:17,072 --> 00:18:19,742
This equipment
is as important as bullets.
294
00:18:21,643 --> 00:18:23,645
NARRATOR: They speed up trials
295
00:18:23,645 --> 00:18:26,482
of the antimalarial medicine
atabrine.
296
00:18:26,482 --> 00:18:28,350
PASE: The chemical
was very, very bitter,
297
00:18:28,350 --> 00:18:30,352
very nasty tasting.
298
00:18:30,352 --> 00:18:32,721
My men hated it like poison.
299
00:18:34,857 --> 00:18:38,861
NARRATOR: Even the nurses
experience wicked side effects.
300
00:18:38,861 --> 00:18:40,162
>>ELEANOR HUGHES<:
We started taking
301
00:18:40,162 --> 00:18:42,898
these little yellow pills.
302
00:18:42,898 --> 00:18:45,534
They turned your skin
and eyeballs yellow.
303
00:18:47,636 --> 00:18:49,471
NARRATOR: Soon, rumors fly that
304
00:18:49,471 --> 00:18:52,608
atabrine causes infertility.
305
00:18:52,608 --> 00:18:54,576
The pills are so unpopular
306
00:18:54,576 --> 00:18:56,612
that medics are deployed
in chow lines
307
00:18:56,612 --> 00:18:58,714
to monitor their intake.
308
00:19:00,649 --> 00:19:04,486
The disease affects both sides.
309
00:19:04,486 --> 00:19:06,789
Up to 90% of Japanese troops
310
00:19:06,789 --> 00:19:09,591
suffer from malaria
and dysentery.
311
00:19:11,226 --> 00:19:13,429
Americans who rushed to enlist
312
00:19:13,429 --> 00:19:18,834
are now feeling every mile
of ocean between them and home.
313
00:19:18,834 --> 00:19:21,970
What they need
is a home away from home.
314
00:19:24,907 --> 00:19:27,776
This place looks like heaven...
315
00:19:31,180 --> 00:19:34,783
Especially for
disease-ridden troops.
316
00:19:34,783 --> 00:19:39,721
♫ ♫
317
00:19:39,721 --> 00:19:42,991
They're getting shipped
to New Zealand,
318
00:19:42,991 --> 00:19:45,227
a green and spacious country
319
00:19:45,227 --> 00:19:48,097
with fewer people
than Detroit, Michigan.
320
00:19:50,099 --> 00:19:51,934
NORM HATCH:
When I went to New Zealand,
321
00:19:51,934 --> 00:19:55,504
I was reminded of a western town
in the late 1800s.
322
00:19:57,739 --> 00:20:00,175
NARRATOR:
By the summer of 1942,
323
00:20:00,175 --> 00:20:03,278
American troops are arriving
by the thousands.
324
00:20:07,182 --> 00:20:10,619
New Zealand puts out
the welcome mat.
325
00:20:10,619 --> 00:20:15,991
♫ ♫
326
00:20:15,991 --> 00:20:20,129
They set up 19 hospitals with
the latest medical equipment.
327
00:20:20,129 --> 00:20:26,201
♫ ♫
328
00:20:26,201 --> 00:20:30,239
Local farm families
take in troops like second sons
329
00:20:30,239 --> 00:20:33,876
and nurse them back to health,
New Zealand style.
330
00:20:35,377 --> 00:20:37,813
HATCH: Once they got out
into the countryside
331
00:20:37,813 --> 00:20:41,116
and were able to do hard work,
eat good food,
332
00:20:41,116 --> 00:20:43,852
and drink
copious amounts of milk,
333
00:20:43,852 --> 00:20:46,155
they soon became very well.
334
00:20:46,155 --> 00:20:52,828
♫ ♫
335
00:20:52,828 --> 00:20:54,296
NARRATOR:
There is little of the tension
336
00:20:54,296 --> 00:20:57,099
that followed Americans
into Australia.
337
00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:00,569
That was a forced marriage.
338
00:21:00,569 --> 00:21:03,805
In New Zealand, it's more like
a loving adoption.
339
00:21:04,406 --> 00:21:06,241
(dog barks)
340
00:21:06,241 --> 00:21:07,843
Troops get healthy
341
00:21:07,843 --> 00:21:11,580
and get ready
to rejoin the fight.
342
00:21:11,580 --> 00:21:14,249
There's a big one brewing ahead.
343
00:21:18,120 --> 00:21:20,789
By June of 1942,
344
00:21:20,789 --> 00:21:23,559
allied teamwork
is holding Port Moresby
345
00:21:23,559 --> 00:21:26,328
and protecting Australia.
346
00:21:26,328 --> 00:21:30,065
Japan has hit a wall
in the south pacific,
347
00:21:30,065 --> 00:21:32,734
so the empire looks east,
348
00:21:32,734 --> 00:21:35,037
to Midway.
349
00:21:35,037 --> 00:21:40,075
It's a critical halfway point
between Asia and the U.S.
350
00:21:40,075 --> 00:21:44,213
The American forces
protecting Midway are meager.
351
00:21:44,213 --> 00:21:47,916
The approaching Japanese fleet
is four times bigger.
352
00:21:49,685 --> 00:21:51,386
Like the Pearl Harbor attack,
353
00:21:51,386 --> 00:21:55,424
they could annihilate another
huge chunk of the U.S. Navy
354
00:21:55,424 --> 00:21:57,292
and leave them almost helpless.
355
00:22:00,329 --> 00:22:01,897
But this time,
356
00:22:01,897 --> 00:22:04,933
Americans have surprise
on their side.
357
00:22:06,969 --> 00:22:09,938
Once again, they've cracked
the Japanese code
358
00:22:09,938 --> 00:22:11,907
and know their plan.
359
00:22:16,712 --> 00:22:21,250
Even though he's outgunned,
Admiral Nimitz doesn't run.
360
00:22:26,421 --> 00:22:27,923
Instead,
361
00:22:27,923 --> 00:22:31,093
he'll wait for the Japanese
to attack the island,
362
00:22:31,093 --> 00:22:33,829
then launch a surprise
of his own.
363
00:22:37,399 --> 00:22:41,403
But it means the men on Midway
are sitting ducks.
364
00:22:41,403 --> 00:22:44,206
♫ ♫
365
00:22:46,074 --> 00:22:51,246
At sunrise, Americans hear
the approaching buzz.
366
00:22:51,246 --> 00:22:54,349
They steel themselves
for an onslaught.
367
00:22:54,349 --> 00:22:57,486
(gunfire)
368
00:22:57,486 --> 00:23:00,622
(engines roaring)
369
00:23:00,622 --> 00:23:05,527
(gunfire)
370
00:23:05,527 --> 00:23:07,429
The few planes they have
371
00:23:07,429 --> 00:23:10,766
scramble to intercept
the attackers.
372
00:23:10,766 --> 00:23:13,168
(engines roaring)
373
00:23:13,168 --> 00:23:18,340
(gunfire)
374
00:23:18,340 --> 00:23:22,978
(explosions)
375
00:23:22,978 --> 00:23:25,814
(engines roaring)
376
00:23:25,814 --> 00:23:34,556
(gunfire)
377
00:23:34,556 --> 00:23:36,792
(explosion)
378
00:23:36,792 --> 00:23:43,131
The Japanese bomb the runways
and obliterate the command post.
379
00:23:43,131 --> 00:23:45,701
Smoke billows high into the sky
380
00:23:45,701 --> 00:23:48,170
as they tear
into the American base.
381
00:23:51,006 --> 00:23:53,408
They set the hangars ablaze.
382
00:23:53,408 --> 00:23:56,678
(engines roaring)
383
00:23:56,678 --> 00:24:01,083
(explosion)
384
00:24:01,083 --> 00:24:06,254
American marines desperately
scramble for cover,
385
00:24:06,254 --> 00:24:08,890
hoping the Navy can summon
a counterattack
386
00:24:08,890 --> 00:24:10,625
and save the island.
387
00:24:10,625 --> 00:24:16,365
♫ ♫
388
00:24:16,365 --> 00:24:18,333
JUDSON BRODIE: The loudspeaker
came on and said,
389
00:24:18,333 --> 00:24:20,535
"we've got enemy planes
approaching."
390
00:24:22,738 --> 00:24:26,875
NARRATOR: Judson Brodie
is aboard the USS Yorktown.
391
00:24:28,377 --> 00:24:30,479
BRODIE: There were
so many Japanese planes
392
00:24:30,479 --> 00:24:32,180
falling at one time
393
00:24:32,180 --> 00:24:35,250
that it looked like a curtain
coming down across the sky.
394
00:24:36,451 --> 00:24:39,921
NARRATOR: American guns
fill the air with flak.
395
00:24:41,256 --> 00:24:44,726
But the Japanese are relentless.
396
00:24:44,726 --> 00:24:49,765
BRODIE: The second attack,
they got two torpedo hits on us.
397
00:24:49,765 --> 00:24:55,203
You have never in your life
felt anything like it.
398
00:24:55,203 --> 00:24:58,840
NARRATOR: Japan thinks it has
America's Navy on its knees.
399
00:24:59,841 --> 00:25:02,744
Instead, it's on its way.
400
00:25:02,744 --> 00:25:05,180
(engine roars)
401
00:25:07,182 --> 00:25:10,152
Americans
saw the Japanese coming.
402
00:25:11,987 --> 00:25:14,156
So before they arrived,
403
00:25:14,156 --> 00:25:18,827
they launched whole squadrons of
torpedo planes and dive bombers.
404
00:25:20,162 --> 00:25:24,232
150 airplanes
race to strike back,
405
00:25:24,232 --> 00:25:28,403
leaving their home ships
under fire behind them.
406
00:25:28,403 --> 00:25:37,979
(engines roaring)
407
00:25:37,979 --> 00:25:39,414
(boom)
408
00:25:39,414 --> 00:25:40,482
Without air cover,
409
00:25:40,482 --> 00:25:43,552
American ships
face an onslaught.
410
00:25:43,552 --> 00:25:49,458
(gunfire)
411
00:25:49,458 --> 00:25:52,761
Japanese pilots
have a field day.
412
00:25:52,761 --> 00:25:55,697
(gunfire)
413
00:25:55,697 --> 00:25:59,234
But when the American planes
reach the Japanese fleet,
414
00:25:59,234 --> 00:26:01,303
they catch them off guard.
415
00:26:03,305 --> 00:26:06,007
They, too, have no air cover.
416
00:26:06,007 --> 00:26:09,277
(engines roaring)
417
00:26:09,277 --> 00:26:12,347
American pilots make it count.
418
00:26:12,347 --> 00:26:15,717
They destroy
all four Japanese carriers.
419
00:26:15,717 --> 00:26:19,254
(explosion)
420
00:26:26,127 --> 00:26:29,631
The battle of Midway
is a stunning turnabout.
421
00:26:32,567 --> 00:26:36,338
America cuts deep
into Japanese naval power.
422
00:26:36,338 --> 00:26:39,207
It's their first
clear victory at sea.
423
00:26:43,144 --> 00:26:46,081
It's not without sacrifice.
424
00:26:46,081 --> 00:26:50,519
America loses one carrier
and 307 servicemen.
425
00:26:50,519 --> 00:26:54,689
More are injured and adrift,
awaiting rescue.
426
00:26:58,393 --> 00:27:01,830
But they prove America
can fight back...
427
00:27:01,830 --> 00:27:03,431
And win.
428
00:27:06,401 --> 00:27:09,471
The Japanese high command
is shaken.
429
00:27:13,108 --> 00:27:15,577
The tide is turning.
430
00:27:15,577 --> 00:27:18,513
♫ ♫
431
00:27:18,513 --> 00:27:20,715
(engines roaring)
432
00:27:20,715 --> 00:27:22,417
♫ ♫
433
00:27:22,417 --> 00:27:27,155
When news from the front lines
reaches home,
434
00:27:27,155 --> 00:27:28,924
Americans are jubilant.
435
00:27:28,924 --> 00:27:36,298
♫ ♫
436
00:27:36,298 --> 00:27:39,067
Downtown Philadelphia
becomes a stage
437
00:27:39,067 --> 00:27:41,603
to express support for the war.
438
00:27:41,603 --> 00:27:48,343
♫ ♫
439
00:27:48,343 --> 00:27:52,047
Officially, this is a rally
to buy war bonds.
440
00:27:52,047 --> 00:27:54,449
Unofficially, it's a party.
441
00:27:55,817 --> 00:27:58,720
Star power draws a crowd.
442
00:27:58,720 --> 00:28:00,922
On stage is James Cagney,
443
00:28:00,922 --> 00:28:02,891
Lucille Ball,
444
00:28:02,891 --> 00:28:04,459
Mickey Rooney,
445
00:28:04,459 --> 00:28:06,227
Dick Powell,
446
00:28:06,227 --> 00:28:08,830
Paul Henreid,
447
00:28:08,830 --> 00:28:11,166
and Harpo Marx.
448
00:28:11,166 --> 00:28:13,168
Besides fanfare and parades,
449
00:28:13,168 --> 00:28:16,638
there's another reminder
that a war is going on.
450
00:28:16,638 --> 00:28:21,376
(ringing)
451
00:28:21,376 --> 00:28:24,346
Civil defense drills.
452
00:28:24,346 --> 00:28:28,516
They become routine
for American school kids.
453
00:28:28,516 --> 00:28:30,385
But for everyone
on the mainland,
454
00:28:30,385 --> 00:28:32,721
war remains abstract.
455
00:28:36,791 --> 00:28:39,427
For Hawaiians, it's real.
456
00:28:40,962 --> 00:28:46,101
Pearl Harbor still looks like
it was flipped upside down.
457
00:28:46,101 --> 00:28:48,803
Paradise is now penned in.
458
00:28:48,803 --> 00:28:50,739
The beach is off limits,
459
00:28:50,739 --> 00:28:54,242
framed by barbed wire.
460
00:28:54,242 --> 00:28:57,445
The entire territory
is under martial law.
461
00:28:57,445 --> 00:29:00,882
Thousands of school kids
are registered, fingerprinted,
462
00:29:00,882 --> 00:29:03,151
and made to wear I.D. Badges.
463
00:29:05,720 --> 00:29:09,758
Locals line up for ration cards
and gas masks.
464
00:29:12,627 --> 00:29:15,864
Older kids practice how fast
they can get them on.
465
00:29:15,864 --> 00:29:22,370
♫ ♫
466
00:29:22,370 --> 00:29:26,041
The youngest ones have to get
into a full body bag...
467
00:29:27,976 --> 00:29:29,144
(crying)
468
00:29:29,144 --> 00:29:31,479
As if they aren't scared enough.
469
00:29:31,479 --> 00:29:34,616
(crying)
470
00:29:34,616 --> 00:29:40,455
More than a third of Hawaiians
are of Japanese descent.
471
00:29:40,455 --> 00:29:42,924
They're nervous
and trying to blend in
472
00:29:42,924 --> 00:29:45,794
by removing any signs
of their ancestry.
473
00:29:49,831 --> 00:29:53,334
But here, there's no talk
of mass internment.
474
00:29:55,804 --> 00:29:59,507
Such is not the case
on the mainland.
475
00:30:02,644 --> 00:30:11,152
♫ ♫
476
00:30:11,152 --> 00:30:15,256
The ishikawas
are a fishing family...
477
00:30:15,256 --> 00:30:17,592
Living in California.
478
00:30:17,592 --> 00:30:28,403
♫ ♫
479
00:30:28,403 --> 00:30:31,773
These are their home movies
from before the war.
480
00:30:31,773 --> 00:30:38,513
♫ ♫
481
00:30:38,513 --> 00:30:40,715
They are Japanese immigrants
482
00:30:40,715 --> 00:30:43,818
building a life
on the American west coast.
483
00:30:46,421 --> 00:30:48,189
But in 1942,
484
00:30:48,189 --> 00:30:52,227
that's just where a suspicious
government doesn't want them.
485
00:30:58,733 --> 00:31:02,437
ROBERTA SHIROMA:
We had to get rid of everything.
486
00:31:02,437 --> 00:31:04,439
We were given one month.
487
00:31:07,575 --> 00:31:10,845
TAKEO SHIROMA: People who lived
closer to the ocean,
488
00:31:10,845 --> 00:31:13,715
they only had 24 hours.
489
00:31:13,715 --> 00:31:16,518
NARRATOR: Takeo and Roberta
Shiroma are children
490
00:31:16,518 --> 00:31:19,854
when the U.S. government puts
their families on a train.
491
00:31:22,223 --> 00:31:24,425
ROBERTA:
The night before we left,
492
00:31:24,425 --> 00:31:27,862
my parents didn't know
where we were going.
493
00:31:27,862 --> 00:31:36,838
♫ ♫
494
00:31:36,838 --> 00:31:38,673
NARRATOR:
They are headed inland,
495
00:31:38,673 --> 00:31:41,176
to one of the ten hastily built
internment camps
496
00:31:41,176 --> 00:31:45,013
ordered by President Roosevelt
at the start of the war.
497
00:31:45,013 --> 00:31:49,851
♫ ♫
498
00:31:49,851 --> 00:31:52,887
TAKEO: There would be
two families in one room.
499
00:31:55,256 --> 00:31:56,658
ROBERTA: When we got there,
500
00:31:56,658 --> 00:31:58,726
my mother had to stuff
canvas bags with hay,
501
00:31:58,726 --> 00:32:00,895
which were to be our mattresses.
502
00:32:10,705 --> 00:32:12,907
I can't remember the food.
503
00:32:14,375 --> 00:32:16,878
I can remember
not wanting to eat it.
504
00:32:19,113 --> 00:32:21,316
I would just look at it.
505
00:32:23,818 --> 00:32:27,222
(tolling)
506
00:32:27,222 --> 00:32:29,724
NARRATOR: They study...
507
00:32:29,724 --> 00:32:31,025
Work...
508
00:32:33,194 --> 00:32:35,530
Even join the military.
509
00:32:40,268 --> 00:32:42,470
But they are not free.
510
00:32:44,339 --> 00:32:49,377
The government rounds up more
than 110,000 Japanese Americans,
511
00:32:49,377 --> 00:32:53,314
claiming it's for
their own safety.
512
00:32:53,314 --> 00:32:55,783
But not everyone buys it.
513
00:32:55,783 --> 00:32:58,453
TAKEO: If we were put there
for protection,
514
00:32:58,453 --> 00:33:00,021
why were the guns
at the guard towers
515
00:33:00,021 --> 00:33:02,957
pointed inward
instead of outward?
516
00:33:02,957 --> 00:33:10,298
♫ ♫
517
00:33:10,298 --> 00:33:13,768
NARRATOR:
Back on the battlefront...
518
00:33:13,768 --> 00:33:16,971
Midway is a colossal victory
for the Americans.
519
00:33:16,971 --> 00:33:22,377
♫ ♫
520
00:33:22,377 --> 00:33:24,479
But during that four-day battle,
521
00:33:24,479 --> 00:33:27,649
the Japanese puncture
through another front.
522
00:33:32,687 --> 00:33:35,657
The empire races
into the north pacific
523
00:33:35,657 --> 00:33:38,526
and seizes two islands
in the aleutians--
524
00:33:38,526 --> 00:33:41,629
kiska and attu.
525
00:33:41,629 --> 00:33:44,265
Both are part
of the Alaska territory.
526
00:33:44,265 --> 00:33:48,503
♫ ♫
527
00:33:48,503 --> 00:33:52,674
The Japanese are now
on north American soil.
528
00:33:52,674 --> 00:33:54,943
It's way too close for comfort.
529
00:33:57,345 --> 00:34:02,050
4,500 troops rush
to the nearby outpost of adak.
530
00:34:03,651 --> 00:34:05,820
From here, they'll try
to build a runway
531
00:34:05,820 --> 00:34:10,024
and launch counterstrikes
on the occupied islands...
532
00:34:10,024 --> 00:34:12,994
If this island
doesn't kill them first.
533
00:34:12,994 --> 00:34:18,499
♫ ♫
534
00:34:18,499 --> 00:34:22,503
Adak is barren,
windswept, and merciless.
535
00:34:22,503 --> 00:34:25,340
FRED LEIGHTON:
It was the worst place.
536
00:34:25,340 --> 00:34:26,908
I froze to death.
537
00:34:26,908 --> 00:34:29,010
They sent us up there
from Pearl Harbor,
538
00:34:29,010 --> 00:34:32,480
and we didn't have
any winter clothing.
539
00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:35,383
NARRATOR: Frigid air
rips in from the arctic.
540
00:34:39,921 --> 00:34:42,490
The tropical dangers
of insect bites
541
00:34:42,490 --> 00:34:44,826
give way to frostbite.
542
00:34:48,963 --> 00:34:52,867
Windswept waves envelop
everything in ice.
543
00:34:52,867 --> 00:34:56,037
Men can only fight back
with picks.
544
00:35:01,075 --> 00:35:04,479
Weather is one problem;
545
00:35:04,479 --> 00:35:06,314
isolation is another.
546
00:35:06,314 --> 00:35:13,821
♫ ♫
547
00:35:13,821 --> 00:35:16,157
Everything must come in by ship.
548
00:35:20,561 --> 00:35:22,430
Every man...
549
00:35:25,466 --> 00:35:27,435
Every machine...
550
00:35:29,537 --> 00:35:31,706
Every meal.
551
00:35:37,111 --> 00:35:40,815
It's like camping
on another planet.
552
00:35:40,815 --> 00:35:42,283
LEIGHTON:
There were no trees up there.
553
00:35:42,283 --> 00:35:46,120
Someone flew one in
from the states and planted it.
554
00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:48,022
I don't think it lived.
555
00:35:52,026 --> 00:35:54,095
NARRATOR: News appears
on bulletin boards
556
00:35:54,095 --> 00:35:57,565
since newspapers might be
three months out of date.
557
00:36:01,569 --> 00:36:04,238
Even though
they're on American soil,
558
00:36:04,238 --> 00:36:06,274
home seems a world away.
559
00:36:06,274 --> 00:36:10,211
(men laughing)
560
00:36:10,211 --> 00:36:12,980
But mail call thaws their moods.
561
00:36:16,317 --> 00:36:18,953
Baseball eases their minds.
562
00:36:21,689 --> 00:36:24,392
And music lifts their morale.
563
00:36:24,392 --> 00:36:25,793
♫ ♫
564
00:36:25,793 --> 00:36:28,563
After all, whining
won't keep them warm.
565
00:36:28,563 --> 00:36:30,565
Work will.
566
00:36:34,235 --> 00:36:36,771
Building an airfield
on the frozen tundra
567
00:36:36,771 --> 00:36:38,873
takes brute force.
568
00:36:40,208 --> 00:36:42,710
Engines groan in the cold.
569
00:36:50,351 --> 00:36:52,620
Hammers sting their hands.
570
00:36:54,355 --> 00:36:55,957
But there's a payoff--
571
00:36:55,957 --> 00:36:58,659
an airstrip paved with steel.
572
00:36:59,927 --> 00:37:02,830
Plates come together
like building blocks.
573
00:37:05,500 --> 00:37:07,969
It's done in only two weeks.
574
00:37:10,271 --> 00:37:12,073
And it's weatherproof.
575
00:37:14,008 --> 00:37:17,411
Now they can stop
fighting the weather...
576
00:37:17,411 --> 00:37:18,746
And fight the war.
577
00:37:18,746 --> 00:37:22,550
(engines roaring)
578
00:37:25,353 --> 00:37:28,156
American pilots gear up
for the first raids
579
00:37:28,156 --> 00:37:31,726
against Japanese
camped on U.S. territory.
580
00:37:35,830 --> 00:37:41,135
They fire up 9 bombers,
12 fighters, and 100 men.
581
00:37:41,135 --> 00:37:48,776
♫ ♫
582
00:37:48,776 --> 00:37:51,579
Alaskan skies are unforgiving.
583
00:37:53,080 --> 00:37:55,683
Challenges start at takeoff.
584
00:37:58,719 --> 00:38:01,856
Fierce winds
pull formations apart.
585
00:38:06,027 --> 00:38:09,564
For two hours, it's a battle
just to stay on the flight path
586
00:38:09,564 --> 00:38:11,566
and stay together.
587
00:38:11,566 --> 00:38:23,444
(engines roaring)
588
00:38:23,444 --> 00:38:25,012
As they near kiska,
589
00:38:25,012 --> 00:38:28,216
10,000 Japanese
reveal their defenses.
590
00:38:28,216 --> 00:38:32,286
(artillery fire)
591
00:38:32,286 --> 00:38:36,123
(explosions)
592
00:38:36,123 --> 00:38:42,863
(gunfire)
593
00:38:42,863 --> 00:38:46,867
They hurl flak to try to
punch holes in the planes...
594
00:38:48,869 --> 00:38:51,339
Or at least
force them off course.
595
00:38:53,541 --> 00:38:55,676
Any deviation in flight,
596
00:38:55,676 --> 00:38:57,278
and they will miss the target.
597
00:38:57,278 --> 00:39:00,781
(firing)
598
00:39:00,781 --> 00:39:03,618
American gunners
try to clear the way.
599
00:39:04,919 --> 00:39:08,689
It's an airborne game
of chicken.
600
00:39:08,689 --> 00:39:11,626
Finally, the targets appear...
601
00:39:11,626 --> 00:39:13,728
(bombs whistling)
602
00:39:13,728 --> 00:39:15,830
And the bombs drop.
603
00:39:16,764 --> 00:39:20,801
(whistling)
604
00:39:28,509 --> 00:39:30,478
(explosions)
605
00:39:30,478 --> 00:39:37,485
(bombs whistling)
606
00:39:37,485 --> 00:39:40,821
(explosions)
607
00:39:42,857 --> 00:39:44,625
(explosions)
608
00:39:44,625 --> 00:39:47,528
Japanese hangars go up in smoke.
609
00:39:47,528 --> 00:39:49,897
(explosions)
610
00:39:49,897 --> 00:39:52,466
In just a few
white-knuckle minutes,
611
00:39:52,466 --> 00:39:54,402
the damage is done.
612
00:39:54,402 --> 00:39:57,605
♫ ♫
613
00:39:57,605 --> 00:40:00,174
This is just the beginning.
614
00:40:01,876 --> 00:40:04,812
The raids are relentless--
615
00:40:04,812 --> 00:40:10,618
dawn to dusk every day
for over a year.
616
00:40:10,618 --> 00:40:12,987
It's called the kiska blitz.
617
00:40:14,689 --> 00:40:20,795
The Japanese endure
six million pounds of bombs.
618
00:40:20,795 --> 00:40:23,631
Americans want
their islands back...
619
00:40:23,631 --> 00:40:25,833
At any price.
620
00:40:28,869 --> 00:40:30,371
By now, Japan's reach
621
00:40:30,371 --> 00:40:33,441
extends from the frigid
aleutian mountains...
622
00:40:35,876 --> 00:40:40,281
To the edge
of the towering Himalayas.
623
00:40:40,281 --> 00:40:43,017
Japan has tightened
its grip on Asia
624
00:40:43,017 --> 00:40:44,952
by closing the Burma road,
625
00:40:44,952 --> 00:40:49,590
the main allied route supplying
China's fight against Japan.
626
00:40:54,261 --> 00:40:59,867
The only other route
is scraping the sky.
627
00:41:01,369 --> 00:41:04,905
Allies attempt one of the most
ambitious aviation efforts
628
00:41:04,905 --> 00:41:07,141
of World War II--
629
00:41:07,141 --> 00:41:10,177
flying supplies
over the Himalayas,
630
00:41:10,177 --> 00:41:13,214
nicknamed "the hump."
631
00:41:13,214 --> 00:41:16,784
It would push the limits
of man and machine.
632
00:41:17,985 --> 00:41:21,589
But these pilots
are willing to risk it...
633
00:41:21,589 --> 00:41:23,391
In a pan am clipper.
634
00:41:23,391 --> 00:41:26,560
♫ ♫
635
00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:28,262
ANNOUNCER:
These pan American airmen
636
00:41:28,262 --> 00:41:29,864
volunteered to risk everything
637
00:41:29,864 --> 00:41:31,766
through the most treacherous
mountain passes and weather
638
00:41:31,766 --> 00:41:33,401
known to man.
639
00:41:33,401 --> 00:41:35,669
(engines roaring)
640
00:41:35,669 --> 00:41:36,971
NARRATOR: Flying tigers
641
00:41:36,971 --> 00:41:39,974
escort these retrofitted
commercial planes.
642
00:41:43,711 --> 00:41:47,982
But extreme winds
toss them around like kites.
643
00:41:47,982 --> 00:41:50,551
Sudden storms take their toll.
644
00:41:50,551 --> 00:41:53,587
Hundreds of planes
and pilots perish.
645
00:41:55,289 --> 00:41:59,160
There must be a better way
to get supplies to China.
646
00:42:04,632 --> 00:42:06,333
BROOKE DOLAN: The care
of the Tibetan government
647
00:42:06,333 --> 00:42:09,336
for our safety is touching.
648
00:42:09,336 --> 00:42:12,940
NARRATOR: Captain Brooke Dolan
is on the journey of his life.
649
00:42:14,675 --> 00:42:18,045
If the planes
can't get over "the hump,"
650
00:42:18,045 --> 00:42:22,049
Dolan will try to go through it
by traversing Tibet.
651
00:42:23,384 --> 00:42:27,555
Joining Dolan is Ilia Tolstoy,
652
00:42:27,555 --> 00:42:30,124
Leo Tolstoy's grandson.
653
00:42:31,225 --> 00:42:32,693
They're on a secret mission
654
00:42:32,693 --> 00:42:37,998
for the U.S. office
of strategic services, or oss--
655
00:42:37,998 --> 00:42:40,534
the precursor to the CIA.
656
00:42:45,306 --> 00:42:49,643
The journey starts with
a traditional Tibetan ceremony.
657
00:42:49,643 --> 00:42:54,849
♫ ♫
658
00:42:54,849 --> 00:42:59,653
Together, they arrive in Lhasa
with trepidation.
659
00:42:59,653 --> 00:43:04,425
They can't cross Tibet without
permission from a 7-year-old--
660
00:43:04,425 --> 00:43:07,895
his holiness, the dalai llama.
661
00:43:07,895 --> 00:43:10,498
He meets
his very first Americans.
662
00:43:13,501 --> 00:43:15,736
DOLAN: To say that
we are affected with joy
663
00:43:15,736 --> 00:43:17,471
is to put it mildly.
664
00:43:19,173 --> 00:43:21,175
We are permitted
to travel the road
665
00:43:21,175 --> 00:43:23,310
in which we're most interested.
666
00:43:28,282 --> 00:43:32,453
NARRATOR: It takes five months
of grueling travel by saddle...
667
00:43:37,358 --> 00:43:40,794
Through a thousand miles
of breathtaking beauty
668
00:43:40,794 --> 00:43:42,730
and heart-stopping hazards.
669
00:43:46,267 --> 00:43:48,335
DOLAN: Boulders were
continually breaking
670
00:43:48,335 --> 00:43:50,571
and plunging into the canyon,
671
00:43:50,571 --> 00:43:52,740
acted on by the fierce
weathering forces
672
00:43:52,740 --> 00:43:54,508
of the Tibetan climate--
673
00:43:54,508 --> 00:43:58,012
hot daytime sun
and freezing moonlight.
674
00:44:00,447 --> 00:44:03,217
NARRATOR:
Finally, they reach China.
675
00:44:05,719 --> 00:44:07,755
The journey is a success,
676
00:44:07,755 --> 00:44:11,525
but the strategy is a failure.
677
00:44:11,525 --> 00:44:14,194
Distance and difficulties
make it impossible
678
00:44:14,194 --> 00:44:17,131
for a sustained supply push
through Tibet.
679
00:44:20,267 --> 00:44:24,171
The only alternative lies deep
in the jungles of Burma.
680
00:44:26,874 --> 00:44:29,243
A plane flies in low...
681
00:44:30,277 --> 00:44:32,713
But it's not dropping bombs.
682
00:44:36,383 --> 00:44:40,721
They're supplies for another
secret oss operation--
683
00:44:40,721 --> 00:44:42,923
a guerrilla war.
684
00:44:42,923 --> 00:44:46,727
♫ ♫
685
00:44:46,727 --> 00:44:48,462
Local kachin fighters
686
00:44:48,462 --> 00:44:51,298
are already fighting
the Japanese occupation
687
00:44:51,298 --> 00:44:53,400
and decide to join forces.
688
00:44:56,370 --> 00:45:00,741
Oss operatives funnel in
a steady stream of weapons.
689
00:45:03,344 --> 00:45:07,014
In return, the kachin offer
on-the-ground intelligence
690
00:45:07,014 --> 00:45:09,183
and invaluable skill.
691
00:45:09,183 --> 00:45:10,317
CHARLTON OGBURN, JR.:
We never moved
692
00:45:10,317 --> 00:45:12,820
without kachin guides.
693
00:45:12,820 --> 00:45:14,121
They made us think
694
00:45:14,121 --> 00:45:17,324
of a Robin Hood version
of the boy scouts.
695
00:45:17,324 --> 00:45:21,261
Some could not have been
more than 12 years old.
696
00:45:21,261 --> 00:45:30,270
(engines roaring)
697
00:45:30,270 --> 00:45:31,472
NARRATOR: The kachin
698
00:45:31,472 --> 00:45:34,541
jump right into
20th century warfare...
699
00:45:36,510 --> 00:45:39,780
Learning how to parachute
behind enemy lines.
700
00:45:43,951 --> 00:45:48,956
In turn, allies learn the tricks
of jungle transportation--
701
00:45:48,956 --> 00:45:51,558
riding high to avoid the snakes.
702
00:45:55,396 --> 00:45:58,265
The covert partnership pays off.
703
00:46:00,901 --> 00:46:04,672
They carve secret pathways
through Japanese lines.
704
00:46:06,440 --> 00:46:09,443
More than
4,000 Japanese will die
705
00:46:09,443 --> 00:46:13,347
at the hands
of these operatives,
706
00:46:13,347 --> 00:46:16,583
all in a secret war
fought in the shadows.
707
00:46:19,353 --> 00:46:23,691
Elsewhere it will take
direct force.
708
00:46:23,691 --> 00:46:26,293
In July 1942,
709
00:46:26,293 --> 00:46:27,828
American intelligence
710
00:46:27,828 --> 00:46:30,531
spots a large-scale
construction project
711
00:46:30,531 --> 00:46:33,801
on an island
few have ever heard of--
712
00:46:33,801 --> 00:46:36,670
Guadalcanal.
713
00:46:36,670 --> 00:46:39,673
It's the framework
of a new Japanese air base--
714
00:46:39,673 --> 00:46:42,443
big enough to host
long-range bombers
715
00:46:42,443 --> 00:46:45,846
that could once again threaten
New Guinea and Australia.
716
00:46:48,982 --> 00:46:52,419
The Americans decide
to go on the offensive.
717
00:46:55,422 --> 00:46:58,058
There is no color footage
of the invasion,
718
00:46:58,058 --> 00:47:00,327
but this is the aftermath.
719
00:47:01,862 --> 00:47:05,499
11,000 marines
pile up on the beaches.
720
00:47:08,569 --> 00:47:14,241
A Japanese counterattack forces
their support ships to pull out,
721
00:47:14,241 --> 00:47:17,411
leaving them stranded
with few reinforcements.
722
00:47:19,613 --> 00:47:22,816
They set up a base
with what little supplies
723
00:47:22,816 --> 00:47:25,953
they've scrambled
to bring ashore.
724
00:47:25,953 --> 00:47:30,257
The Japanese retreat
into the interior.
725
00:47:30,257 --> 00:47:32,860
Now an island
roughly the size of Delaware
726
00:47:32,860 --> 00:47:35,929
is pockmarked with troops
from both sides...
727
00:47:38,799 --> 00:47:42,169
Each controlling
a mosaic of territory.
728
00:47:45,672 --> 00:47:49,276
It turns into a bloody
six-month nightmare.
729
00:47:52,913 --> 00:47:58,786
(explosions)
730
00:47:58,786 --> 00:48:03,090
Without any clear front lines,
it's ambush after ambush.
731
00:48:03,090 --> 00:48:12,299
(gunfire)
732
00:48:12,299 --> 00:48:15,569
Guadalcanal becomes
a battle of attrition.
733
00:48:15,569 --> 00:48:20,808
♫ ♫
734
00:48:23,610 --> 00:48:27,714
In 1943, the Americans
finally take control.
735
00:48:29,583 --> 00:48:32,352
But the wounds are still raw.
736
00:48:32,352 --> 00:48:36,290
America loses 15,000,
killed or wounded.
737
00:48:38,192 --> 00:48:42,563
First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt
arrives to comfort the fallen.
738
00:48:47,401 --> 00:48:50,938
Admiral William Halsey
advised her not to come.
739
00:48:53,774 --> 00:48:56,243
He feared
she'd be a distraction.
740
00:49:01,315 --> 00:49:03,617
But she quickly
changes his mind.
741
00:49:05,319 --> 00:49:07,487
WILLIAM HALSEY:
She went into every ward
742
00:49:07,487 --> 00:49:09,723
and spoke to every patient.
743
00:49:09,723 --> 00:49:14,294
I marveled at her hardihood,
both physical and mental.
744
00:49:14,294 --> 00:49:18,332
She alone did more than anyone
who came through my area.
745
00:49:18,332 --> 00:49:25,639
♫ ♫
746
00:49:25,639 --> 00:49:28,675
NARRATOR: She continues on
to other pacific war zones.
747
00:49:33,213 --> 00:49:37,651
A month-long, 25,000-mile tour.
748
00:49:37,651 --> 00:49:43,056
She braves the hazards of war to
meet more than 400,000 troops.
749
00:49:44,658 --> 00:49:48,395
She affectionately calls them
"sons of the nation."
750
00:49:49,663 --> 00:49:52,633
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT:
All the men are our men,
751
00:49:52,633 --> 00:49:55,302
part of our United States,
752
00:49:55,302 --> 00:49:57,738
which they have saved
753
00:49:57,738 --> 00:50:01,541
so that we can still call it
754
00:50:01,541 --> 00:50:04,111
the land of the free
755
00:50:04,111 --> 00:50:06,647
and the home of the brave.
756
00:50:11,485 --> 00:50:13,820
NARRATOR:
18 months into the war,
757
00:50:13,820 --> 00:50:17,457
the shockwaves have spread
far beyond Pearl Harbor.
758
00:50:17,457 --> 00:50:21,361
(gunfire)
759
00:50:21,361 --> 00:50:23,797
The war is growing bigger...
760
00:50:23,797 --> 00:50:26,566
(booming)
761
00:50:26,566 --> 00:50:27,868
And moving slower.
762
00:50:27,868 --> 00:50:31,204
(gunfire)
763
00:50:31,204 --> 00:50:32,973
Quick air and sea strikes
764
00:50:32,973 --> 00:50:35,976
are giving way
to long, bloody land battles
765
00:50:35,976 --> 00:50:39,746
that drain time,
resources, and lives.
766
00:50:39,746 --> 00:50:42,649
♫ ♫
767
00:50:42,649 --> 00:50:44,818
Japan is not deterred.
768
00:50:44,818 --> 00:50:48,355
Instead, it's determined.
769
00:50:48,355 --> 00:50:51,358
The pacific war
is no longer a sideshow
770
00:50:51,358 --> 00:50:53,060
to the fighting in Europe.
771
00:50:53,060 --> 00:50:56,797
It will soon become
its own hell.
772
00:50:56,797 --> 00:50:59,766
♫ ♫
63017
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