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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,544 --> 00:00:03,413 NARRATOR: In 1942, 2 00:00:03,413 --> 00:00:04,814 the shockwaves of war 3 00:00:04,814 --> 00:00:08,251 flood into every corner of the pacific... 4 00:00:08,251 --> 00:00:11,087 From steamy island jungles... 5 00:00:11,087 --> 00:00:13,356 To the bitter Alaskan cold. 6 00:00:13,356 --> 00:00:15,492 MAN: It was the worst place. 7 00:00:15,492 --> 00:00:17,494 I froze to death. 8 00:00:17,494 --> 00:00:20,430 NARRATOR: In these unfamiliar lands, 9 00:00:20,430 --> 00:00:22,966 enemies that were an ocean apart... 10 00:00:22,966 --> 00:00:24,234 (gunshots) 11 00:00:24,234 --> 00:00:26,836 Will soon come face to face. 12 00:00:26,836 --> 00:00:29,873 MAN: Midway was our first real encounter with the enemy. 13 00:00:29,873 --> 00:00:30,874 (gunfire) 14 00:00:30,874 --> 00:00:32,108 (explosion) 15 00:00:32,108 --> 00:00:35,845 NARRATOR: With rare personal films... 16 00:00:35,845 --> 00:00:37,914 And color combat footage... 17 00:00:37,914 --> 00:00:39,649 MAN: Bullets and anti-aircraft fire 18 00:00:39,649 --> 00:00:41,952 were coming at me from every direction. 19 00:00:41,952 --> 00:00:44,921 NARRATOR: Hear the voices and feel the fight. 20 00:00:44,921 --> 00:00:50,000 ♫ ♫ 21 00:00:52,400 --> 00:01:00,100 Brought to you by Sailor420 !!! Hope you enjoy the film !!! 22 00:01:00,500 --> 00:01:07,811 ♫ ♫ 23 00:01:07,811 --> 00:01:10,113 BAINE KERR: You didn't know when you were going to sail. 24 00:01:10,113 --> 00:01:11,815 Wives didn't know any given day 25 00:01:11,815 --> 00:01:14,751 if they would see their husbands again. 26 00:01:14,751 --> 00:01:16,886 We didn't know where we were going. 27 00:01:20,123 --> 00:01:21,791 ACENCION FERNANDEZ: All they said was, 28 00:01:21,791 --> 00:01:23,293 "you all aren't gonna need no winter clothes. 29 00:01:23,293 --> 00:01:25,095 You're going overseas." 30 00:01:26,529 --> 00:01:29,466 KERR: Then, one morning, we were underway. 31 00:01:29,466 --> 00:01:39,776 ♫ ♫ 32 00:01:39,776 --> 00:01:40,944 CHARLES RIPPER: We left out 33 00:01:40,944 --> 00:01:43,246 underneath the golden gate bridge. 34 00:01:43,246 --> 00:01:44,647 Things looked pretty good. 35 00:01:44,647 --> 00:01:47,017 It was a really smooth ride. 36 00:01:50,387 --> 00:01:54,290 Then we got out, and the ocean got rough, 37 00:01:54,290 --> 00:01:55,859 and the waves got big, 38 00:01:55,859 --> 00:01:59,529 and that little boat was bouncing around like a cork. 39 00:01:59,529 --> 00:02:01,865 We were all sick as hell. 40 00:02:03,199 --> 00:02:04,601 H.L. OBERMILLER: Before I was out of the harbor, 41 00:02:04,601 --> 00:02:07,704 I was feeding fish over the side. 42 00:02:07,704 --> 00:02:10,907 NARRATOR: Freshly trained men in brand-new uniforms 43 00:02:10,907 --> 00:02:15,278 jam onto ships heading to an unfamiliar world 44 00:02:15,278 --> 00:02:17,480 6,000 miles away. 45 00:02:17,480 --> 00:02:20,850 ♫ ♫ 46 00:02:20,850 --> 00:02:25,021 HOWARD JONES: We were sleeping on the hangar decks... 47 00:02:25,021 --> 00:02:27,090 The flight decks. 48 00:02:27,090 --> 00:02:30,126 Anywhere we could find a place to lay down. 49 00:02:36,599 --> 00:02:39,869 NARRATOR: Some are barely 18. 50 00:02:39,869 --> 00:02:41,538 RICHARD WILLIAMS: I was just a kid. 51 00:02:41,538 --> 00:02:45,275 I had never spent a night away from my mother or father. 52 00:02:45,275 --> 00:02:48,812 I spent a lot of time in my bunk just thinking about home, 53 00:02:48,812 --> 00:02:50,880 and even crying once in a while. 54 00:02:52,882 --> 00:02:56,119 NARRATOR: They can only imagine what war is like 55 00:02:56,119 --> 00:02:58,555 and where they're going to fight it. 56 00:03:04,427 --> 00:03:06,062 Serviceman Dan Rocklin 57 00:03:06,062 --> 00:03:09,632 lands in a jungle on the other side of the ocean. 58 00:03:09,632 --> 00:03:13,002 (bird squawking) 59 00:03:13,002 --> 00:03:17,273 He brings his own camera to capture how exotic it is. 60 00:03:17,273 --> 00:03:22,745 (squawking) 61 00:03:22,745 --> 00:03:26,883 He's near Port Moresby, on the island of New Guinea. 62 00:03:29,586 --> 00:03:32,889 Rivers are infested with crocodiles. 63 00:03:36,493 --> 00:03:39,696 Kids climb trees for coconuts. 64 00:03:40,930 --> 00:03:43,600 Then trade them for cigarettes. 65 00:03:49,372 --> 00:03:51,307 The tribe is welcoming, 66 00:03:51,307 --> 00:03:54,010 but can't help staring at the strange men 67 00:03:54,010 --> 00:03:57,013 pointing cameras at them. 68 00:03:57,013 --> 00:04:00,884 They'll be calling this home. 69 00:04:00,884 --> 00:04:03,186 But they aren't here for fun. 70 00:04:03,186 --> 00:04:04,954 (engine humming) 71 00:04:04,954 --> 00:04:08,224 The Japanese are quickly closing in. 72 00:04:12,228 --> 00:04:15,498 The Japanese already hold the Solomon Islands 73 00:04:15,498 --> 00:04:17,534 and most of New Guinea. 74 00:04:17,534 --> 00:04:21,938 Now a fleet is on the way to complete the conquest... 75 00:04:21,938 --> 00:04:25,108 If they can kick the allies out of Port Moresby. 76 00:04:26,309 --> 00:04:28,678 If New Guinea falls, 77 00:04:28,678 --> 00:04:30,146 Australia fears 78 00:04:30,146 --> 00:04:31,848 it could be next. 79 00:04:35,818 --> 00:04:38,888 But Americans see the Japanese coming. 80 00:04:45,695 --> 00:04:48,631 Code breakers sniff out the plan. 81 00:04:51,234 --> 00:04:54,704 Admiral Chester Nimitz decides to gamble. 82 00:04:58,474 --> 00:05:00,210 He sends an armada, 83 00:05:00,210 --> 00:05:02,645 including four aircraft carriers, 84 00:05:02,645 --> 00:05:04,581 to meet them head on. 85 00:05:04,581 --> 00:05:08,618 (engines roaring) 86 00:05:09,786 --> 00:05:12,355 The battle of the coral sea 87 00:05:12,355 --> 00:05:14,557 starts with a big blow. 88 00:05:14,557 --> 00:05:16,693 (engines roaring) 89 00:05:16,693 --> 00:05:20,163 Americans spot a Japanese carrier. 90 00:05:20,163 --> 00:05:22,165 (gunfire) 91 00:05:22,165 --> 00:05:26,135 They dive down through piercing anti-aircraft fire 92 00:05:26,135 --> 00:05:27,403 and sink it. 93 00:05:27,403 --> 00:05:29,472 (gunfire) 94 00:05:29,472 --> 00:05:34,244 The Japanese respond by swarming American ships. 95 00:05:34,244 --> 00:05:41,551 (gunfire and explosions) 96 00:05:41,551 --> 00:05:44,254 It's dogfight after dogfight, 97 00:05:44,254 --> 00:05:47,523 but neither side's Navy can see the other. 98 00:05:47,523 --> 00:05:51,060 Planes do all the fighting, long distance. 99 00:05:52,862 --> 00:05:55,531 WILLIAM LOCKEY: The planes flew right around us, 100 00:05:55,531 --> 00:05:57,133 and the guns couldn't keep up. 101 00:05:57,133 --> 00:05:59,535 (firing) 102 00:05:59,535 --> 00:06:03,673 And the boys couldn't twist that gun fast enough. 103 00:06:03,673 --> 00:06:08,444 (gunfire) 104 00:06:08,444 --> 00:06:12,181 NARRATOR: Then, Americans hit a second enemy carrier. 105 00:06:13,883 --> 00:06:17,487 But Japan responds with two mortal blows. 106 00:06:17,487 --> 00:06:21,658 A bomb rips through the deck of the USS Yorktown, 107 00:06:21,658 --> 00:06:25,094 killing 40 men. 108 00:06:25,094 --> 00:06:29,165 And the USS Lexington is blasted beyond repair. 109 00:06:29,165 --> 00:06:37,540 ♫ ♫ 110 00:06:37,540 --> 00:06:40,443 Both sides suffer heavy losses. 111 00:06:42,312 --> 00:06:45,782 But the allies have halted Japan's momentum. 112 00:06:51,454 --> 00:06:53,423 Those left behind 113 00:06:53,423 --> 00:06:55,825 will never know the historic impact 114 00:06:55,825 --> 00:06:59,128 of the battle of the coral sea. 115 00:06:59,128 --> 00:07:02,398 Not once do opposing ships spot each other. 116 00:07:04,901 --> 00:07:08,071 Not once do they exchange a salvo. 117 00:07:12,275 --> 00:07:17,380 It's a new kind of naval battle, fought entirely with airplanes. 118 00:07:19,482 --> 00:07:23,119 And it's a sigh of relief for Australia. 119 00:07:24,654 --> 00:07:25,688 (gunshots) 120 00:07:25,688 --> 00:07:27,423 (trolley bell dinging) 121 00:07:27,423 --> 00:07:29,759 Australians feel safer. 122 00:07:31,427 --> 00:07:32,595 (dinging) 123 00:07:32,595 --> 00:07:36,799 Fears of a Japanese invasion are waning. 124 00:07:36,799 --> 00:07:39,969 But another invasion is underway. 125 00:07:41,537 --> 00:07:44,207 TIM MURPHY: Suddenly, the yanks were here. 126 00:07:44,207 --> 00:07:46,743 They all seemed to have big mouths and square teeth 127 00:07:46,743 --> 00:07:51,214 and came from places I'd never heard of, like Nebraska. 128 00:07:55,284 --> 00:07:59,622 NARRATOR: Cities like Brisbane are overrun by Americans. 129 00:07:59,622 --> 00:08:04,761 ♫ ♫ 130 00:08:04,761 --> 00:08:06,462 A parade of U.S. troops 131 00:08:06,462 --> 00:08:10,066 shows the scale of this friendly invasion. 132 00:08:12,568 --> 00:08:14,804 Up to a million men. 133 00:08:17,273 --> 00:08:20,109 Their reputation precedes them. 134 00:08:22,145 --> 00:08:23,880 ♫ ♫ 135 00:08:23,880 --> 00:08:25,481 BARRY RALPH: The Americans, 136 00:08:25,481 --> 00:08:28,251 they had a good record for saving people. 137 00:08:28,251 --> 00:08:30,820 I knew that from watching westerns. 138 00:08:32,522 --> 00:08:34,924 NARRATOR: It's a marriage of convenience. 139 00:08:37,727 --> 00:08:40,296 Australia gets extra protection. 140 00:08:43,566 --> 00:08:48,171 America gets a new home base for south pacific operations. 141 00:08:50,573 --> 00:08:51,908 (gunshots) 142 00:08:51,908 --> 00:08:54,277 The two allied forces train together... 143 00:08:54,277 --> 00:08:55,878 (gunshots) 144 00:08:56,646 --> 00:08:58,548 And play together. 145 00:08:59,849 --> 00:09:02,218 Americans provide the baseball. 146 00:09:05,988 --> 00:09:09,592 And Australians provide the beer. 147 00:09:09,592 --> 00:09:13,629 The men seem to get along famously until... 148 00:09:13,629 --> 00:09:15,364 ♫ ♫ 149 00:09:15,364 --> 00:09:19,202 MAUREEN MEADOWS: We liked everything about the yanks. 150 00:09:19,202 --> 00:09:22,605 In fact, we just couldn't help stare at them. 151 00:09:22,605 --> 00:09:25,174 NARRATOR: The Americans have sharper uniforms 152 00:09:25,174 --> 00:09:27,577 and deeper pockets. 153 00:09:27,577 --> 00:09:30,546 They earn up to twice as much as the aussie soldier 154 00:09:30,546 --> 00:09:33,516 and splash their cash when they hit the town. 155 00:09:33,516 --> 00:09:36,018 BILL BENTSON: We had the chocolates, the ice cream, 156 00:09:36,018 --> 00:09:38,688 the silk stockings, and the dollars. 157 00:09:38,688 --> 00:09:41,424 We were able to show the girls a good time. 158 00:09:41,424 --> 00:09:48,064 ♫ ♫ 159 00:09:48,064 --> 00:09:49,265 COLIN KERR-GRANT: In Sydney, 160 00:09:49,265 --> 00:09:50,266 you were competing with Americans 161 00:09:50,266 --> 00:09:51,868 for the attention of women. 162 00:09:51,868 --> 00:09:55,471 And some of the Australian girls really chased the Americans. 163 00:09:57,240 --> 00:09:59,609 NARRATOR: Australian men start taking offense 164 00:09:59,609 --> 00:10:02,111 and adopt a slogan describing Americans 165 00:10:02,111 --> 00:10:06,816 as "overpaid, oversexed, and over here." 166 00:10:06,816 --> 00:10:11,454 ♫ ♫ 167 00:10:11,454 --> 00:10:14,524 Their welcome is wearing thin. 168 00:10:17,527 --> 00:10:21,063 Arguments among troops turn into street fights. 169 00:10:21,063 --> 00:10:23,533 Street fights turn into riots. 170 00:10:23,533 --> 00:10:27,003 Melbourne and Brisbane erupt into chaos. 171 00:10:27,003 --> 00:10:33,776 ♫ ♫ 172 00:10:33,776 --> 00:10:37,780 General Douglas Macarthur is well aware of the problem. 173 00:10:37,780 --> 00:10:41,817 He's in Australia commanding both nations' troops. 174 00:10:41,817 --> 00:10:45,488 He's about to send these joint forces into battle, 175 00:10:45,488 --> 00:10:48,658 if they can stop fighting each other. 176 00:10:50,726 --> 00:10:53,963 Spring 1942. 177 00:10:53,963 --> 00:10:57,433 A new allied experiment is underway. 178 00:10:57,433 --> 00:11:02,972 Americans and Australians deploy as one army for the first time. 179 00:11:02,972 --> 00:11:05,241 Their navies repelled the Japanese 180 00:11:05,241 --> 00:11:07,176 enough to hold Port Moresby, 181 00:11:07,176 --> 00:11:10,680 the last allied outpost on New Guinea. 182 00:11:10,680 --> 00:11:13,516 Now ground troops pour in. 183 00:11:15,017 --> 00:11:19,889 The allied camp is nestled inside a coconut plantation. 184 00:11:19,889 --> 00:11:24,860 From here, they want to retake the entire island. 185 00:11:24,860 --> 00:11:29,332 But New Guinea is nearly impossible to penetrate. 186 00:11:29,332 --> 00:11:33,035 Mountains rise to 16,000 feet, 187 00:11:33,035 --> 00:11:35,805 surrounded by thick jungle. 188 00:11:37,306 --> 00:11:41,444 So they try to enlist some local expertise. 189 00:11:43,245 --> 00:11:45,181 American pilot Ken Gerrish 190 00:11:45,181 --> 00:11:47,717 takes his own footage of curious tribesmen 191 00:11:47,717 --> 00:11:51,053 in the remote highlands outside Port Moresby. 192 00:11:52,622 --> 00:11:55,224 An Australian captain breaks the ice 193 00:11:55,224 --> 00:11:57,493 by taking pictures of the chief. 194 00:11:59,028 --> 00:12:02,765 It's the first time he's ever seen a photo of himself. 195 00:12:05,234 --> 00:12:07,770 The tribe agrees on the common enemy, 196 00:12:07,770 --> 00:12:10,339 and they're ready to fight. 197 00:12:10,339 --> 00:12:12,808 KEN GERRISH: We were fortunate to get these pictures, 198 00:12:12,808 --> 00:12:14,477 as this was a real war party 199 00:12:14,477 --> 00:12:17,380 who actually did kill some jap soldiers. 200 00:12:17,380 --> 00:12:23,252 ♫ ♫ 201 00:12:23,252 --> 00:12:26,255 NARRATOR: Now this uncommon collection of allies 202 00:12:26,255 --> 00:12:29,258 has to fight the Japanese that surround them. 203 00:12:32,294 --> 00:12:34,430 Each side takes potshots at the other 204 00:12:34,430 --> 00:12:36,599 from close distance. 205 00:12:38,868 --> 00:12:40,302 Black smoke rises 206 00:12:40,302 --> 00:12:44,106 from Japanese raids on the Port Moresby camp. 207 00:12:49,412 --> 00:12:53,616 Allied pilots strike back on Japanese bases nearby, 208 00:12:53,616 --> 00:12:56,485 turning zeroes into scrap metal. 209 00:12:57,920 --> 00:13:02,458 One squadron tallies 200 kills. 210 00:13:02,458 --> 00:13:05,161 Their pilots seldom survive. 211 00:13:07,930 --> 00:13:13,135 Those that do become pows under Australian guard. 212 00:13:15,938 --> 00:13:20,743 A close-quarter air war is a dangerous game. 213 00:13:20,743 --> 00:13:23,646 The two sides are on the same island. 214 00:13:23,646 --> 00:13:26,082 If a pilot bails into the jungle, 215 00:13:26,082 --> 00:13:29,752 all bets are off on who finds him first. 216 00:13:31,420 --> 00:13:34,957 So every pilot carries a life vest, a knife, 217 00:13:34,957 --> 00:13:36,659 and a pistol. 218 00:13:36,659 --> 00:13:40,296 Between the jungle itself and the enemy within, 219 00:13:40,296 --> 00:13:42,865 survival isn't guaranteed. 220 00:13:44,333 --> 00:13:47,670 But it helps to have the locals on your side. 221 00:13:49,638 --> 00:13:51,474 Ken Gerrish brings his camera 222 00:13:51,474 --> 00:13:54,710 on a rescue mission to the wild interior. 223 00:13:57,913 --> 00:14:00,816 GERRISH: We landed on a river to pick up a downed pilot, 224 00:14:00,816 --> 00:14:02,752 an aussie officer. 225 00:14:05,121 --> 00:14:06,822 NARRATOR: The pilot can thank 226 00:14:06,822 --> 00:14:10,092 New Guinea's own search and rescue team. 227 00:14:10,092 --> 00:14:12,261 GERRISH: He was rowed to the plane 228 00:14:12,261 --> 00:14:15,364 by natives in their log canoe. 229 00:14:15,364 --> 00:14:18,200 He was real happy to see us. 230 00:14:23,339 --> 00:14:26,142 NARRATOR: American and Australian flyboys 231 00:14:26,142 --> 00:14:28,911 are forming a tighter bond... 232 00:14:28,911 --> 00:14:31,914 Now that their lives depend on each other. 233 00:14:33,783 --> 00:14:38,220 The pressure of combat punctures their pre-war tensions. 234 00:14:38,220 --> 00:14:41,090 Handshakes are replacing fistfights. 235 00:14:41,090 --> 00:14:47,530 ♫ ♫ 236 00:14:47,530 --> 00:14:48,898 J. EDWARD ANGLY: I will say 237 00:14:48,898 --> 00:14:51,500 that once the scene of battle is reached, 238 00:14:51,500 --> 00:14:55,538 the two bodies of troops get along exceedingly well. 239 00:14:56,772 --> 00:14:58,741 NARRATOR: It helps that there are no women 240 00:14:58,741 --> 00:15:01,544 on Port Moresby beaches to fight over. 241 00:15:01,544 --> 00:15:06,448 ♫ ♫ 242 00:15:06,448 --> 00:15:09,618 But they are never far from their minds. 243 00:15:09,618 --> 00:15:15,758 ♫ ♫ 244 00:15:15,758 --> 00:15:17,827 All over the pacific theater, 245 00:15:17,827 --> 00:15:22,298 sexual frustration leads to creative expression. 246 00:15:22,298 --> 00:15:24,600 Their beloved planes become the canvas 247 00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:27,469 for what they call "nose art." 248 00:15:29,071 --> 00:15:31,507 The farther from the public eye, 249 00:15:31,507 --> 00:15:33,209 the racier the art. 250 00:15:33,209 --> 00:15:38,080 ♫ ♫ 251 00:15:38,080 --> 00:15:40,749 Some choose cartoon characters. 252 00:15:42,184 --> 00:15:44,753 Others opt for intimidation. 253 00:15:46,589 --> 00:15:50,826 This one goes for sheer size. 254 00:15:50,826 --> 00:15:53,429 This is the largest nose art painting 255 00:15:53,429 --> 00:15:54,897 of World War II, 256 00:15:54,897 --> 00:15:58,434 called "the dragon and his tail." 257 00:15:59,835 --> 00:16:04,139 The average airfield becomes an art museum-- 258 00:16:04,139 --> 00:16:06,609 albeit, without a roof. 259 00:16:09,211 --> 00:16:11,413 When rain soaks New Guinea, 260 00:16:11,413 --> 00:16:15,818 nothing and no one escapes the deluge. 261 00:16:15,818 --> 00:16:20,356 GERRISH: The rain averaged about two inches a day. 262 00:16:20,356 --> 00:16:22,358 We didn't fly one mission. 263 00:16:24,293 --> 00:16:26,362 Most of the time was spent in the tents, 264 00:16:26,362 --> 00:16:29,064 except for chow or latrine business. 265 00:16:31,533 --> 00:16:34,069 NARRATOR: It's tough going for the soldiers. 266 00:16:34,069 --> 00:16:47,182 ♫ ♫ 267 00:16:47,182 --> 00:16:48,584 This endless rain 268 00:16:48,584 --> 00:16:51,520 creates a problem even bigger than mud. 269 00:16:54,523 --> 00:16:56,025 GERRISH: Practically all our men 270 00:16:56,025 --> 00:16:58,260 had malaria at one time or another. 271 00:16:58,260 --> 00:17:02,064 I had it twice, along with a bout of dengue fever. 272 00:17:02,064 --> 00:17:03,299 NARRATOR: The south pacific 273 00:17:03,299 --> 00:17:06,402 is a hotbed for tropical diseases. 274 00:17:06,402 --> 00:17:08,671 Insect bites cause more stretcher cases 275 00:17:08,671 --> 00:17:10,706 than enemy bullets. 276 00:17:12,241 --> 00:17:14,443 Even when the sun comes back out, 277 00:17:14,443 --> 00:17:17,546 fevers rage inside the medical tents. 278 00:17:18,948 --> 00:17:20,282 On New Guinea alone, 279 00:17:20,282 --> 00:17:25,154 the average soldier endures malaria four times. 280 00:17:25,154 --> 00:17:27,990 CHARLES PASE: Your bones and everything would ache. 281 00:17:27,990 --> 00:17:29,224 You would be weak. 282 00:17:29,224 --> 00:17:31,393 You could hardly hold up a rifle. 283 00:17:33,429 --> 00:17:37,533 You could walk, you could crawl, but you couldn't do much else. 284 00:17:39,001 --> 00:17:42,871 NARRATOR: It's a crippling manpower problem. 285 00:17:42,871 --> 00:17:46,075 Fighting malaria will take a whole separate war. 286 00:17:48,177 --> 00:17:51,513 The army's medical department rushes into action. 287 00:17:55,184 --> 00:18:00,456 Malaria control units spray ddt liberally across the island. 288 00:18:02,191 --> 00:18:06,462 Training films urge troops to take strict precautions. 289 00:18:07,496 --> 00:18:09,565 ANNOUNCER: Sleeves down, 290 00:18:09,565 --> 00:18:12,201 shirt buttoned, 291 00:18:12,201 --> 00:18:13,936 repellent smeared on, 292 00:18:13,936 --> 00:18:17,072 and smeared on often enough to keep the mosquitos away. 293 00:18:17,072 --> 00:18:19,742 This equipment is as important as bullets. 294 00:18:21,643 --> 00:18:23,645 NARRATOR: They speed up trials 295 00:18:23,645 --> 00:18:26,482 of the antimalarial medicine atabrine. 296 00:18:26,482 --> 00:18:28,350 PASE: The chemical was very, very bitter, 297 00:18:28,350 --> 00:18:30,352 very nasty tasting. 298 00:18:30,352 --> 00:18:32,721 My men hated it like poison. 299 00:18:34,857 --> 00:18:38,861 NARRATOR: Even the nurses experience wicked side effects. 300 00:18:38,861 --> 00:18:40,162 >>ELEANOR HUGHES<: We started taking 301 00:18:40,162 --> 00:18:42,898 these little yellow pills. 302 00:18:42,898 --> 00:18:45,534 They turned your skin and eyeballs yellow. 303 00:18:47,636 --> 00:18:49,471 NARRATOR: Soon, rumors fly that 304 00:18:49,471 --> 00:18:52,608 atabrine causes infertility. 305 00:18:52,608 --> 00:18:54,576 The pills are so unpopular 306 00:18:54,576 --> 00:18:56,612 that medics are deployed in chow lines 307 00:18:56,612 --> 00:18:58,714 to monitor their intake. 308 00:19:00,649 --> 00:19:04,486 The disease affects both sides. 309 00:19:04,486 --> 00:19:06,789 Up to 90% of Japanese troops 310 00:19:06,789 --> 00:19:09,591 suffer from malaria and dysentery. 311 00:19:11,226 --> 00:19:13,429 Americans who rushed to enlist 312 00:19:13,429 --> 00:19:18,834 are now feeling every mile of ocean between them and home. 313 00:19:18,834 --> 00:19:21,970 What they need is a home away from home. 314 00:19:24,907 --> 00:19:27,776 This place looks like heaven... 315 00:19:31,180 --> 00:19:34,783 Especially for disease-ridden troops. 316 00:19:34,783 --> 00:19:39,721 ♫ ♫ 317 00:19:39,721 --> 00:19:42,991 They're getting shipped to New Zealand, 318 00:19:42,991 --> 00:19:45,227 a green and spacious country 319 00:19:45,227 --> 00:19:48,097 with fewer people than Detroit, Michigan. 320 00:19:50,099 --> 00:19:51,934 NORM HATCH: When I went to New Zealand, 321 00:19:51,934 --> 00:19:55,504 I was reminded of a western town in the late 1800s. 322 00:19:57,739 --> 00:20:00,175 NARRATOR: By the summer of 1942, 323 00:20:00,175 --> 00:20:03,278 American troops are arriving by the thousands. 324 00:20:07,182 --> 00:20:10,619 New Zealand puts out the welcome mat. 325 00:20:10,619 --> 00:20:15,991 ♫ ♫ 326 00:20:15,991 --> 00:20:20,129 They set up 19 hospitals with the latest medical equipment. 327 00:20:20,129 --> 00:20:26,201 ♫ ♫ 328 00:20:26,201 --> 00:20:30,239 Local farm families take in troops like second sons 329 00:20:30,239 --> 00:20:33,876 and nurse them back to health, New Zealand style. 330 00:20:35,377 --> 00:20:37,813 HATCH: Once they got out into the countryside 331 00:20:37,813 --> 00:20:41,116 and were able to do hard work, eat good food, 332 00:20:41,116 --> 00:20:43,852 and drink copious amounts of milk, 333 00:20:43,852 --> 00:20:46,155 they soon became very well. 334 00:20:46,155 --> 00:20:52,828 ♫ ♫ 335 00:20:52,828 --> 00:20:54,296 NARRATOR: There is little of the tension 336 00:20:54,296 --> 00:20:57,099 that followed Americans into Australia. 337 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:00,569 That was a forced marriage. 338 00:21:00,569 --> 00:21:03,805 In New Zealand, it's more like a loving adoption. 339 00:21:04,406 --> 00:21:06,241 (dog barks) 340 00:21:06,241 --> 00:21:07,843 Troops get healthy 341 00:21:07,843 --> 00:21:11,580 and get ready to rejoin the fight. 342 00:21:11,580 --> 00:21:14,249 There's a big one brewing ahead. 343 00:21:18,120 --> 00:21:20,789 By June of 1942, 344 00:21:20,789 --> 00:21:23,559 allied teamwork is holding Port Moresby 345 00:21:23,559 --> 00:21:26,328 and protecting Australia. 346 00:21:26,328 --> 00:21:30,065 Japan has hit a wall in the south pacific, 347 00:21:30,065 --> 00:21:32,734 so the empire looks east, 348 00:21:32,734 --> 00:21:35,037 to Midway. 349 00:21:35,037 --> 00:21:40,075 It's a critical halfway point between Asia and the U.S. 350 00:21:40,075 --> 00:21:44,213 The American forces protecting Midway are meager. 351 00:21:44,213 --> 00:21:47,916 The approaching Japanese fleet is four times bigger. 352 00:21:49,685 --> 00:21:51,386 Like the Pearl Harbor attack, 353 00:21:51,386 --> 00:21:55,424 they could annihilate another huge chunk of the U.S. Navy 354 00:21:55,424 --> 00:21:57,292 and leave them almost helpless. 355 00:22:00,329 --> 00:22:01,897 But this time, 356 00:22:01,897 --> 00:22:04,933 Americans have surprise on their side. 357 00:22:06,969 --> 00:22:09,938 Once again, they've cracked the Japanese code 358 00:22:09,938 --> 00:22:11,907 and know their plan. 359 00:22:16,712 --> 00:22:21,250 Even though he's outgunned, Admiral Nimitz doesn't run. 360 00:22:26,421 --> 00:22:27,923 Instead, 361 00:22:27,923 --> 00:22:31,093 he'll wait for the Japanese to attack the island, 362 00:22:31,093 --> 00:22:33,829 then launch a surprise of his own. 363 00:22:37,399 --> 00:22:41,403 But it means the men on Midway are sitting ducks. 364 00:22:41,403 --> 00:22:44,206 ♫ ♫ 365 00:22:46,074 --> 00:22:51,246 At sunrise, Americans hear the approaching buzz. 366 00:22:51,246 --> 00:22:54,349 They steel themselves for an onslaught. 367 00:22:54,349 --> 00:22:57,486 (gunfire) 368 00:22:57,486 --> 00:23:00,622 (engines roaring) 369 00:23:00,622 --> 00:23:05,527 (gunfire) 370 00:23:05,527 --> 00:23:07,429 The few planes they have 371 00:23:07,429 --> 00:23:10,766 scramble to intercept the attackers. 372 00:23:10,766 --> 00:23:13,168 (engines roaring) 373 00:23:13,168 --> 00:23:18,340 (gunfire) 374 00:23:18,340 --> 00:23:22,978 (explosions) 375 00:23:22,978 --> 00:23:25,814 (engines roaring) 376 00:23:25,814 --> 00:23:34,556 (gunfire) 377 00:23:34,556 --> 00:23:36,792 (explosion) 378 00:23:36,792 --> 00:23:43,131 The Japanese bomb the runways and obliterate the command post. 379 00:23:43,131 --> 00:23:45,701 Smoke billows high into the sky 380 00:23:45,701 --> 00:23:48,170 as they tear into the American base. 381 00:23:51,006 --> 00:23:53,408 They set the hangars ablaze. 382 00:23:53,408 --> 00:23:56,678 (engines roaring) 383 00:23:56,678 --> 00:24:01,083 (explosion) 384 00:24:01,083 --> 00:24:06,254 American marines desperately scramble for cover, 385 00:24:06,254 --> 00:24:08,890 hoping the Navy can summon a counterattack 386 00:24:08,890 --> 00:24:10,625 and save the island. 387 00:24:10,625 --> 00:24:16,365 ♫ ♫ 388 00:24:16,365 --> 00:24:18,333 JUDSON BRODIE: The loudspeaker came on and said, 389 00:24:18,333 --> 00:24:20,535 "we've got enemy planes approaching." 390 00:24:22,738 --> 00:24:26,875 NARRATOR: Judson Brodie is aboard the USS Yorktown. 391 00:24:28,377 --> 00:24:30,479 BRODIE: There were so many Japanese planes 392 00:24:30,479 --> 00:24:32,180 falling at one time 393 00:24:32,180 --> 00:24:35,250 that it looked like a curtain coming down across the sky. 394 00:24:36,451 --> 00:24:39,921 NARRATOR: American guns fill the air with flak. 395 00:24:41,256 --> 00:24:44,726 But the Japanese are relentless. 396 00:24:44,726 --> 00:24:49,765 BRODIE: The second attack, they got two torpedo hits on us. 397 00:24:49,765 --> 00:24:55,203 You have never in your life felt anything like it. 398 00:24:55,203 --> 00:24:58,840 NARRATOR: Japan thinks it has America's Navy on its knees. 399 00:24:59,841 --> 00:25:02,744 Instead, it's on its way. 400 00:25:02,744 --> 00:25:05,180 (engine roars) 401 00:25:07,182 --> 00:25:10,152 Americans saw the Japanese coming. 402 00:25:11,987 --> 00:25:14,156 So before they arrived, 403 00:25:14,156 --> 00:25:18,827 they launched whole squadrons of torpedo planes and dive bombers. 404 00:25:20,162 --> 00:25:24,232 150 airplanes race to strike back, 405 00:25:24,232 --> 00:25:28,403 leaving their home ships under fire behind them. 406 00:25:28,403 --> 00:25:37,979 (engines roaring) 407 00:25:37,979 --> 00:25:39,414 (boom) 408 00:25:39,414 --> 00:25:40,482 Without air cover, 409 00:25:40,482 --> 00:25:43,552 American ships face an onslaught. 410 00:25:43,552 --> 00:25:49,458 (gunfire) 411 00:25:49,458 --> 00:25:52,761 Japanese pilots have a field day. 412 00:25:52,761 --> 00:25:55,697 (gunfire) 413 00:25:55,697 --> 00:25:59,234 But when the American planes reach the Japanese fleet, 414 00:25:59,234 --> 00:26:01,303 they catch them off guard. 415 00:26:03,305 --> 00:26:06,007 They, too, have no air cover. 416 00:26:06,007 --> 00:26:09,277 (engines roaring) 417 00:26:09,277 --> 00:26:12,347 American pilots make it count. 418 00:26:12,347 --> 00:26:15,717 They destroy all four Japanese carriers. 419 00:26:15,717 --> 00:26:19,254 (explosion) 420 00:26:26,127 --> 00:26:29,631 The battle of Midway is a stunning turnabout. 421 00:26:32,567 --> 00:26:36,338 America cuts deep into Japanese naval power. 422 00:26:36,338 --> 00:26:39,207 It's their first clear victory at sea. 423 00:26:43,144 --> 00:26:46,081 It's not without sacrifice. 424 00:26:46,081 --> 00:26:50,519 America loses one carrier and 307 servicemen. 425 00:26:50,519 --> 00:26:54,689 More are injured and adrift, awaiting rescue. 426 00:26:58,393 --> 00:27:01,830 But they prove America can fight back... 427 00:27:01,830 --> 00:27:03,431 And win. 428 00:27:06,401 --> 00:27:09,471 The Japanese high command is shaken. 429 00:27:13,108 --> 00:27:15,577 The tide is turning. 430 00:27:15,577 --> 00:27:18,513 ♫ ♫ 431 00:27:18,513 --> 00:27:20,715 (engines roaring) 432 00:27:20,715 --> 00:27:22,417 ♫ ♫ 433 00:27:22,417 --> 00:27:27,155 When news from the front lines reaches home, 434 00:27:27,155 --> 00:27:28,924 Americans are jubilant. 435 00:27:28,924 --> 00:27:36,298 ♫ ♫ 436 00:27:36,298 --> 00:27:39,067 Downtown Philadelphia becomes a stage 437 00:27:39,067 --> 00:27:41,603 to express support for the war. 438 00:27:41,603 --> 00:27:48,343 ♫ ♫ 439 00:27:48,343 --> 00:27:52,047 Officially, this is a rally to buy war bonds. 440 00:27:52,047 --> 00:27:54,449 Unofficially, it's a party. 441 00:27:55,817 --> 00:27:58,720 Star power draws a crowd. 442 00:27:58,720 --> 00:28:00,922 On stage is James Cagney, 443 00:28:00,922 --> 00:28:02,891 Lucille Ball, 444 00:28:02,891 --> 00:28:04,459 Mickey Rooney, 445 00:28:04,459 --> 00:28:06,227 Dick Powell, 446 00:28:06,227 --> 00:28:08,830 Paul Henreid, 447 00:28:08,830 --> 00:28:11,166 and Harpo Marx. 448 00:28:11,166 --> 00:28:13,168 Besides fanfare and parades, 449 00:28:13,168 --> 00:28:16,638 there's another reminder that a war is going on. 450 00:28:16,638 --> 00:28:21,376 (ringing) 451 00:28:21,376 --> 00:28:24,346 Civil defense drills. 452 00:28:24,346 --> 00:28:28,516 They become routine for American school kids. 453 00:28:28,516 --> 00:28:30,385 But for everyone on the mainland, 454 00:28:30,385 --> 00:28:32,721 war remains abstract. 455 00:28:36,791 --> 00:28:39,427 For Hawaiians, it's real. 456 00:28:40,962 --> 00:28:46,101 Pearl Harbor still looks like it was flipped upside down. 457 00:28:46,101 --> 00:28:48,803 Paradise is now penned in. 458 00:28:48,803 --> 00:28:50,739 The beach is off limits, 459 00:28:50,739 --> 00:28:54,242 framed by barbed wire. 460 00:28:54,242 --> 00:28:57,445 The entire territory is under martial law. 461 00:28:57,445 --> 00:29:00,882 Thousands of school kids are registered, fingerprinted, 462 00:29:00,882 --> 00:29:03,151 and made to wear I.D. Badges. 463 00:29:05,720 --> 00:29:09,758 Locals line up for ration cards and gas masks. 464 00:29:12,627 --> 00:29:15,864 Older kids practice how fast they can get them on. 465 00:29:15,864 --> 00:29:22,370 ♫ ♫ 466 00:29:22,370 --> 00:29:26,041 The youngest ones have to get into a full body bag... 467 00:29:27,976 --> 00:29:29,144 (crying) 468 00:29:29,144 --> 00:29:31,479 As if they aren't scared enough. 469 00:29:31,479 --> 00:29:34,616 (crying) 470 00:29:34,616 --> 00:29:40,455 More than a third of Hawaiians are of Japanese descent. 471 00:29:40,455 --> 00:29:42,924 They're nervous and trying to blend in 472 00:29:42,924 --> 00:29:45,794 by removing any signs of their ancestry. 473 00:29:49,831 --> 00:29:53,334 But here, there's no talk of mass internment. 474 00:29:55,804 --> 00:29:59,507 Such is not the case on the mainland. 475 00:30:02,644 --> 00:30:11,152 ♫ ♫ 476 00:30:11,152 --> 00:30:15,256 The ishikawas are a fishing family... 477 00:30:15,256 --> 00:30:17,592 Living in California. 478 00:30:17,592 --> 00:30:28,403 ♫ ♫ 479 00:30:28,403 --> 00:30:31,773 These are their home movies from before the war. 480 00:30:31,773 --> 00:30:38,513 ♫ ♫ 481 00:30:38,513 --> 00:30:40,715 They are Japanese immigrants 482 00:30:40,715 --> 00:30:43,818 building a life on the American west coast. 483 00:30:46,421 --> 00:30:48,189 But in 1942, 484 00:30:48,189 --> 00:30:52,227 that's just where a suspicious government doesn't want them. 485 00:30:58,733 --> 00:31:02,437 ROBERTA SHIROMA: We had to get rid of everything. 486 00:31:02,437 --> 00:31:04,439 We were given one month. 487 00:31:07,575 --> 00:31:10,845 TAKEO SHIROMA: People who lived closer to the ocean, 488 00:31:10,845 --> 00:31:13,715 they only had 24 hours. 489 00:31:13,715 --> 00:31:16,518 NARRATOR: Takeo and Roberta Shiroma are children 490 00:31:16,518 --> 00:31:19,854 when the U.S. government puts their families on a train. 491 00:31:22,223 --> 00:31:24,425 ROBERTA: The night before we left, 492 00:31:24,425 --> 00:31:27,862 my parents didn't know where we were going. 493 00:31:27,862 --> 00:31:36,838 ♫ ♫ 494 00:31:36,838 --> 00:31:38,673 NARRATOR: They are headed inland, 495 00:31:38,673 --> 00:31:41,176 to one of the ten hastily built internment camps 496 00:31:41,176 --> 00:31:45,013 ordered by President Roosevelt at the start of the war. 497 00:31:45,013 --> 00:31:49,851 ♫ ♫ 498 00:31:49,851 --> 00:31:52,887 TAKEO: There would be two families in one room. 499 00:31:55,256 --> 00:31:56,658 ROBERTA: When we got there, 500 00:31:56,658 --> 00:31:58,726 my mother had to stuff canvas bags with hay, 501 00:31:58,726 --> 00:32:00,895 which were to be our mattresses. 502 00:32:10,705 --> 00:32:12,907 I can't remember the food. 503 00:32:14,375 --> 00:32:16,878 I can remember not wanting to eat it. 504 00:32:19,113 --> 00:32:21,316 I would just look at it. 505 00:32:23,818 --> 00:32:27,222 (tolling) 506 00:32:27,222 --> 00:32:29,724 NARRATOR: They study... 507 00:32:29,724 --> 00:32:31,025 Work... 508 00:32:33,194 --> 00:32:35,530 Even join the military. 509 00:32:40,268 --> 00:32:42,470 But they are not free. 510 00:32:44,339 --> 00:32:49,377 The government rounds up more than 110,000 Japanese Americans, 511 00:32:49,377 --> 00:32:53,314 claiming it's for their own safety. 512 00:32:53,314 --> 00:32:55,783 But not everyone buys it. 513 00:32:55,783 --> 00:32:58,453 TAKEO: If we were put there for protection, 514 00:32:58,453 --> 00:33:00,021 why were the guns at the guard towers 515 00:33:00,021 --> 00:33:02,957 pointed inward instead of outward? 516 00:33:02,957 --> 00:33:10,298 ♫ ♫ 517 00:33:10,298 --> 00:33:13,768 NARRATOR: Back on the battlefront... 518 00:33:13,768 --> 00:33:16,971 Midway is a colossal victory for the Americans. 519 00:33:16,971 --> 00:33:22,377 ♫ ♫ 520 00:33:22,377 --> 00:33:24,479 But during that four-day battle, 521 00:33:24,479 --> 00:33:27,649 the Japanese puncture through another front. 522 00:33:32,687 --> 00:33:35,657 The empire races into the north pacific 523 00:33:35,657 --> 00:33:38,526 and seizes two islands in the aleutians-- 524 00:33:38,526 --> 00:33:41,629 kiska and attu. 525 00:33:41,629 --> 00:33:44,265 Both are part of the Alaska territory. 526 00:33:44,265 --> 00:33:48,503 ♫ ♫ 527 00:33:48,503 --> 00:33:52,674 The Japanese are now on north American soil. 528 00:33:52,674 --> 00:33:54,943 It's way too close for comfort. 529 00:33:57,345 --> 00:34:02,050 4,500 troops rush to the nearby outpost of adak. 530 00:34:03,651 --> 00:34:05,820 From here, they'll try to build a runway 531 00:34:05,820 --> 00:34:10,024 and launch counterstrikes on the occupied islands... 532 00:34:10,024 --> 00:34:12,994 If this island doesn't kill them first. 533 00:34:12,994 --> 00:34:18,499 ♫ ♫ 534 00:34:18,499 --> 00:34:22,503 Adak is barren, windswept, and merciless. 535 00:34:22,503 --> 00:34:25,340 FRED LEIGHTON: It was the worst place. 536 00:34:25,340 --> 00:34:26,908 I froze to death. 537 00:34:26,908 --> 00:34:29,010 They sent us up there from Pearl Harbor, 538 00:34:29,010 --> 00:34:32,480 and we didn't have any winter clothing. 539 00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:35,383 NARRATOR: Frigid air rips in from the arctic. 540 00:34:39,921 --> 00:34:42,490 The tropical dangers of insect bites 541 00:34:42,490 --> 00:34:44,826 give way to frostbite. 542 00:34:48,963 --> 00:34:52,867 Windswept waves envelop everything in ice. 543 00:34:52,867 --> 00:34:56,037 Men can only fight back with picks. 544 00:35:01,075 --> 00:35:04,479 Weather is one problem; 545 00:35:04,479 --> 00:35:06,314 isolation is another. 546 00:35:06,314 --> 00:35:13,821 ♫ ♫ 547 00:35:13,821 --> 00:35:16,157 Everything must come in by ship. 548 00:35:20,561 --> 00:35:22,430 Every man... 549 00:35:25,466 --> 00:35:27,435 Every machine... 550 00:35:29,537 --> 00:35:31,706 Every meal. 551 00:35:37,111 --> 00:35:40,815 It's like camping on another planet. 552 00:35:40,815 --> 00:35:42,283 LEIGHTON: There were no trees up there. 553 00:35:42,283 --> 00:35:46,120 Someone flew one in from the states and planted it. 554 00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:48,022 I don't think it lived. 555 00:35:52,026 --> 00:35:54,095 NARRATOR: News appears on bulletin boards 556 00:35:54,095 --> 00:35:57,565 since newspapers might be three months out of date. 557 00:36:01,569 --> 00:36:04,238 Even though they're on American soil, 558 00:36:04,238 --> 00:36:06,274 home seems a world away. 559 00:36:06,274 --> 00:36:10,211 (men laughing) 560 00:36:10,211 --> 00:36:12,980 But mail call thaws their moods. 561 00:36:16,317 --> 00:36:18,953 Baseball eases their minds. 562 00:36:21,689 --> 00:36:24,392 And music lifts their morale. 563 00:36:24,392 --> 00:36:25,793 ♫ ♫ 564 00:36:25,793 --> 00:36:28,563 After all, whining won't keep them warm. 565 00:36:28,563 --> 00:36:30,565 Work will. 566 00:36:34,235 --> 00:36:36,771 Building an airfield on the frozen tundra 567 00:36:36,771 --> 00:36:38,873 takes brute force. 568 00:36:40,208 --> 00:36:42,710 Engines groan in the cold. 569 00:36:50,351 --> 00:36:52,620 Hammers sting their hands. 570 00:36:54,355 --> 00:36:55,957 But there's a payoff-- 571 00:36:55,957 --> 00:36:58,659 an airstrip paved with steel. 572 00:36:59,927 --> 00:37:02,830 Plates come together like building blocks. 573 00:37:05,500 --> 00:37:07,969 It's done in only two weeks. 574 00:37:10,271 --> 00:37:12,073 And it's weatherproof. 575 00:37:14,008 --> 00:37:17,411 Now they can stop fighting the weather... 576 00:37:17,411 --> 00:37:18,746 And fight the war. 577 00:37:18,746 --> 00:37:22,550 (engines roaring) 578 00:37:25,353 --> 00:37:28,156 American pilots gear up for the first raids 579 00:37:28,156 --> 00:37:31,726 against Japanese camped on U.S. territory. 580 00:37:35,830 --> 00:37:41,135 They fire up 9 bombers, 12 fighters, and 100 men. 581 00:37:41,135 --> 00:37:48,776 ♫ ♫ 582 00:37:48,776 --> 00:37:51,579 Alaskan skies are unforgiving. 583 00:37:53,080 --> 00:37:55,683 Challenges start at takeoff. 584 00:37:58,719 --> 00:38:01,856 Fierce winds pull formations apart. 585 00:38:06,027 --> 00:38:09,564 For two hours, it's a battle just to stay on the flight path 586 00:38:09,564 --> 00:38:11,566 and stay together. 587 00:38:11,566 --> 00:38:23,444 (engines roaring) 588 00:38:23,444 --> 00:38:25,012 As they near kiska, 589 00:38:25,012 --> 00:38:28,216 10,000 Japanese reveal their defenses. 590 00:38:28,216 --> 00:38:32,286 (artillery fire) 591 00:38:32,286 --> 00:38:36,123 (explosions) 592 00:38:36,123 --> 00:38:42,863 (gunfire) 593 00:38:42,863 --> 00:38:46,867 They hurl flak to try to punch holes in the planes... 594 00:38:48,869 --> 00:38:51,339 Or at least force them off course. 595 00:38:53,541 --> 00:38:55,676 Any deviation in flight, 596 00:38:55,676 --> 00:38:57,278 and they will miss the target. 597 00:38:57,278 --> 00:39:00,781 (firing) 598 00:39:00,781 --> 00:39:03,618 American gunners try to clear the way. 599 00:39:04,919 --> 00:39:08,689 It's an airborne game of chicken. 600 00:39:08,689 --> 00:39:11,626 Finally, the targets appear... 601 00:39:11,626 --> 00:39:13,728 (bombs whistling) 602 00:39:13,728 --> 00:39:15,830 And the bombs drop. 603 00:39:16,764 --> 00:39:20,801 (whistling) 604 00:39:28,509 --> 00:39:30,478 (explosions) 605 00:39:30,478 --> 00:39:37,485 (bombs whistling) 606 00:39:37,485 --> 00:39:40,821 (explosions) 607 00:39:42,857 --> 00:39:44,625 (explosions) 608 00:39:44,625 --> 00:39:47,528 Japanese hangars go up in smoke. 609 00:39:47,528 --> 00:39:49,897 (explosions) 610 00:39:49,897 --> 00:39:52,466 In just a few white-knuckle minutes, 611 00:39:52,466 --> 00:39:54,402 the damage is done. 612 00:39:54,402 --> 00:39:57,605 ♫ ♫ 613 00:39:57,605 --> 00:40:00,174 This is just the beginning. 614 00:40:01,876 --> 00:40:04,812 The raids are relentless-- 615 00:40:04,812 --> 00:40:10,618 dawn to dusk every day for over a year. 616 00:40:10,618 --> 00:40:12,987 It's called the kiska blitz. 617 00:40:14,689 --> 00:40:20,795 The Japanese endure six million pounds of bombs. 618 00:40:20,795 --> 00:40:23,631 Americans want their islands back... 619 00:40:23,631 --> 00:40:25,833 At any price. 620 00:40:28,869 --> 00:40:30,371 By now, Japan's reach 621 00:40:30,371 --> 00:40:33,441 extends from the frigid aleutian mountains... 622 00:40:35,876 --> 00:40:40,281 To the edge of the towering Himalayas. 623 00:40:40,281 --> 00:40:43,017 Japan has tightened its grip on Asia 624 00:40:43,017 --> 00:40:44,952 by closing the Burma road, 625 00:40:44,952 --> 00:40:49,590 the main allied route supplying China's fight against Japan. 626 00:40:54,261 --> 00:40:59,867 The only other route is scraping the sky. 627 00:41:01,369 --> 00:41:04,905 Allies attempt one of the most ambitious aviation efforts 628 00:41:04,905 --> 00:41:07,141 of World War II-- 629 00:41:07,141 --> 00:41:10,177 flying supplies over the Himalayas, 630 00:41:10,177 --> 00:41:13,214 nicknamed "the hump." 631 00:41:13,214 --> 00:41:16,784 It would push the limits of man and machine. 632 00:41:17,985 --> 00:41:21,589 But these pilots are willing to risk it... 633 00:41:21,589 --> 00:41:23,391 In a pan am clipper. 634 00:41:23,391 --> 00:41:26,560 ♫ ♫ 635 00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:28,262 ANNOUNCER: These pan American airmen 636 00:41:28,262 --> 00:41:29,864 volunteered to risk everything 637 00:41:29,864 --> 00:41:31,766 through the most treacherous mountain passes and weather 638 00:41:31,766 --> 00:41:33,401 known to man. 639 00:41:33,401 --> 00:41:35,669 (engines roaring) 640 00:41:35,669 --> 00:41:36,971 NARRATOR: Flying tigers 641 00:41:36,971 --> 00:41:39,974 escort these retrofitted commercial planes. 642 00:41:43,711 --> 00:41:47,982 But extreme winds toss them around like kites. 643 00:41:47,982 --> 00:41:50,551 Sudden storms take their toll. 644 00:41:50,551 --> 00:41:53,587 Hundreds of planes and pilots perish. 645 00:41:55,289 --> 00:41:59,160 There must be a better way to get supplies to China. 646 00:42:04,632 --> 00:42:06,333 BROOKE DOLAN: The care of the Tibetan government 647 00:42:06,333 --> 00:42:09,336 for our safety is touching. 648 00:42:09,336 --> 00:42:12,940 NARRATOR: Captain Brooke Dolan is on the journey of his life. 649 00:42:14,675 --> 00:42:18,045 If the planes can't get over "the hump," 650 00:42:18,045 --> 00:42:22,049 Dolan will try to go through it by traversing Tibet. 651 00:42:23,384 --> 00:42:27,555 Joining Dolan is Ilia Tolstoy, 652 00:42:27,555 --> 00:42:30,124 Leo Tolstoy's grandson. 653 00:42:31,225 --> 00:42:32,693 They're on a secret mission 654 00:42:32,693 --> 00:42:37,998 for the U.S. office of strategic services, or oss-- 655 00:42:37,998 --> 00:42:40,534 the precursor to the CIA. 656 00:42:45,306 --> 00:42:49,643 The journey starts with a traditional Tibetan ceremony. 657 00:42:49,643 --> 00:42:54,849 ♫ ♫ 658 00:42:54,849 --> 00:42:59,653 Together, they arrive in Lhasa with trepidation. 659 00:42:59,653 --> 00:43:04,425 They can't cross Tibet without permission from a 7-year-old-- 660 00:43:04,425 --> 00:43:07,895 his holiness, the dalai llama. 661 00:43:07,895 --> 00:43:10,498 He meets his very first Americans. 662 00:43:13,501 --> 00:43:15,736 DOLAN: To say that we are affected with joy 663 00:43:15,736 --> 00:43:17,471 is to put it mildly. 664 00:43:19,173 --> 00:43:21,175 We are permitted to travel the road 665 00:43:21,175 --> 00:43:23,310 in which we're most interested. 666 00:43:28,282 --> 00:43:32,453 NARRATOR: It takes five months of grueling travel by saddle... 667 00:43:37,358 --> 00:43:40,794 Through a thousand miles of breathtaking beauty 668 00:43:40,794 --> 00:43:42,730 and heart-stopping hazards. 669 00:43:46,267 --> 00:43:48,335 DOLAN: Boulders were continually breaking 670 00:43:48,335 --> 00:43:50,571 and plunging into the canyon, 671 00:43:50,571 --> 00:43:52,740 acted on by the fierce weathering forces 672 00:43:52,740 --> 00:43:54,508 of the Tibetan climate-- 673 00:43:54,508 --> 00:43:58,012 hot daytime sun and freezing moonlight. 674 00:44:00,447 --> 00:44:03,217 NARRATOR: Finally, they reach China. 675 00:44:05,719 --> 00:44:07,755 The journey is a success, 676 00:44:07,755 --> 00:44:11,525 but the strategy is a failure. 677 00:44:11,525 --> 00:44:14,194 Distance and difficulties make it impossible 678 00:44:14,194 --> 00:44:17,131 for a sustained supply push through Tibet. 679 00:44:20,267 --> 00:44:24,171 The only alternative lies deep in the jungles of Burma. 680 00:44:26,874 --> 00:44:29,243 A plane flies in low... 681 00:44:30,277 --> 00:44:32,713 But it's not dropping bombs. 682 00:44:36,383 --> 00:44:40,721 They're supplies for another secret oss operation-- 683 00:44:40,721 --> 00:44:42,923 a guerrilla war. 684 00:44:42,923 --> 00:44:46,727 ♫ ♫ 685 00:44:46,727 --> 00:44:48,462 Local kachin fighters 686 00:44:48,462 --> 00:44:51,298 are already fighting the Japanese occupation 687 00:44:51,298 --> 00:44:53,400 and decide to join forces. 688 00:44:56,370 --> 00:45:00,741 Oss operatives funnel in a steady stream of weapons. 689 00:45:03,344 --> 00:45:07,014 In return, the kachin offer on-the-ground intelligence 690 00:45:07,014 --> 00:45:09,183 and invaluable skill. 691 00:45:09,183 --> 00:45:10,317 CHARLTON OGBURN, JR.: We never moved 692 00:45:10,317 --> 00:45:12,820 without kachin guides. 693 00:45:12,820 --> 00:45:14,121 They made us think 694 00:45:14,121 --> 00:45:17,324 of a Robin Hood version of the boy scouts. 695 00:45:17,324 --> 00:45:21,261 Some could not have been more than 12 years old. 696 00:45:21,261 --> 00:45:30,270 (engines roaring) 697 00:45:30,270 --> 00:45:31,472 NARRATOR: The kachin 698 00:45:31,472 --> 00:45:34,541 jump right into 20th century warfare... 699 00:45:36,510 --> 00:45:39,780 Learning how to parachute behind enemy lines. 700 00:45:43,951 --> 00:45:48,956 In turn, allies learn the tricks of jungle transportation-- 701 00:45:48,956 --> 00:45:51,558 riding high to avoid the snakes. 702 00:45:55,396 --> 00:45:58,265 The covert partnership pays off. 703 00:46:00,901 --> 00:46:04,672 They carve secret pathways through Japanese lines. 704 00:46:06,440 --> 00:46:09,443 More than 4,000 Japanese will die 705 00:46:09,443 --> 00:46:13,347 at the hands of these operatives, 706 00:46:13,347 --> 00:46:16,583 all in a secret war fought in the shadows. 707 00:46:19,353 --> 00:46:23,691 Elsewhere it will take direct force. 708 00:46:23,691 --> 00:46:26,293 In July 1942, 709 00:46:26,293 --> 00:46:27,828 American intelligence 710 00:46:27,828 --> 00:46:30,531 spots a large-scale construction project 711 00:46:30,531 --> 00:46:33,801 on an island few have ever heard of-- 712 00:46:33,801 --> 00:46:36,670 Guadalcanal. 713 00:46:36,670 --> 00:46:39,673 It's the framework of a new Japanese air base-- 714 00:46:39,673 --> 00:46:42,443 big enough to host long-range bombers 715 00:46:42,443 --> 00:46:45,846 that could once again threaten New Guinea and Australia. 716 00:46:48,982 --> 00:46:52,419 The Americans decide to go on the offensive. 717 00:46:55,422 --> 00:46:58,058 There is no color footage of the invasion, 718 00:46:58,058 --> 00:47:00,327 but this is the aftermath. 719 00:47:01,862 --> 00:47:05,499 11,000 marines pile up on the beaches. 720 00:47:08,569 --> 00:47:14,241 A Japanese counterattack forces their support ships to pull out, 721 00:47:14,241 --> 00:47:17,411 leaving them stranded with few reinforcements. 722 00:47:19,613 --> 00:47:22,816 They set up a base with what little supplies 723 00:47:22,816 --> 00:47:25,953 they've scrambled to bring ashore. 724 00:47:25,953 --> 00:47:30,257 The Japanese retreat into the interior. 725 00:47:30,257 --> 00:47:32,860 Now an island roughly the size of Delaware 726 00:47:32,860 --> 00:47:35,929 is pockmarked with troops from both sides... 727 00:47:38,799 --> 00:47:42,169 Each controlling a mosaic of territory. 728 00:47:45,672 --> 00:47:49,276 It turns into a bloody six-month nightmare. 729 00:47:52,913 --> 00:47:58,786 (explosions) 730 00:47:58,786 --> 00:48:03,090 Without any clear front lines, it's ambush after ambush. 731 00:48:03,090 --> 00:48:12,299 (gunfire) 732 00:48:12,299 --> 00:48:15,569 Guadalcanal becomes a battle of attrition. 733 00:48:15,569 --> 00:48:20,808 ♫ ♫ 734 00:48:23,610 --> 00:48:27,714 In 1943, the Americans finally take control. 735 00:48:29,583 --> 00:48:32,352 But the wounds are still raw. 736 00:48:32,352 --> 00:48:36,290 America loses 15,000, killed or wounded. 737 00:48:38,192 --> 00:48:42,563 First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt arrives to comfort the fallen. 738 00:48:47,401 --> 00:48:50,938 Admiral William Halsey advised her not to come. 739 00:48:53,774 --> 00:48:56,243 He feared she'd be a distraction. 740 00:49:01,315 --> 00:49:03,617 But she quickly changes his mind. 741 00:49:05,319 --> 00:49:07,487 WILLIAM HALSEY: She went into every ward 742 00:49:07,487 --> 00:49:09,723 and spoke to every patient. 743 00:49:09,723 --> 00:49:14,294 I marveled at her hardihood, both physical and mental. 744 00:49:14,294 --> 00:49:18,332 She alone did more than anyone who came through my area. 745 00:49:18,332 --> 00:49:25,639 ♫ ♫ 746 00:49:25,639 --> 00:49:28,675 NARRATOR: She continues on to other pacific war zones. 747 00:49:33,213 --> 00:49:37,651 A month-long, 25,000-mile tour. 748 00:49:37,651 --> 00:49:43,056 She braves the hazards of war to meet more than 400,000 troops. 749 00:49:44,658 --> 00:49:48,395 She affectionately calls them "sons of the nation." 750 00:49:49,663 --> 00:49:52,633 ELEANOR ROOSEVELT: All the men are our men, 751 00:49:52,633 --> 00:49:55,302 part of our United States, 752 00:49:55,302 --> 00:49:57,738 which they have saved 753 00:49:57,738 --> 00:50:01,541 so that we can still call it 754 00:50:01,541 --> 00:50:04,111 the land of the free 755 00:50:04,111 --> 00:50:06,647 and the home of the brave. 756 00:50:11,485 --> 00:50:13,820 NARRATOR: 18 months into the war, 757 00:50:13,820 --> 00:50:17,457 the shockwaves have spread far beyond Pearl Harbor. 758 00:50:17,457 --> 00:50:21,361 (gunfire) 759 00:50:21,361 --> 00:50:23,797 The war is growing bigger... 760 00:50:23,797 --> 00:50:26,566 (booming) 761 00:50:26,566 --> 00:50:27,868 And moving slower. 762 00:50:27,868 --> 00:50:31,204 (gunfire) 763 00:50:31,204 --> 00:50:32,973 Quick air and sea strikes 764 00:50:32,973 --> 00:50:35,976 are giving way to long, bloody land battles 765 00:50:35,976 --> 00:50:39,746 that drain time, resources, and lives. 766 00:50:39,746 --> 00:50:42,649 ♫ ♫ 767 00:50:42,649 --> 00:50:44,818 Japan is not deterred. 768 00:50:44,818 --> 00:50:48,355 Instead, it's determined. 769 00:50:48,355 --> 00:50:51,358 The pacific war is no longer a sideshow 770 00:50:51,358 --> 00:50:53,060 to the fighting in Europe. 771 00:50:53,060 --> 00:50:56,797 It will soon become its own hell. 772 00:50:56,797 --> 00:50:59,766 ♫ ♫ 63017

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