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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,011 --> 00:00:03,246 NARRATOR: By the summer of 1945, 2 00:00:03,246 --> 00:00:06,549 the allies are tearing Japan to shreds. 3 00:00:06,549 --> 00:00:08,518 MAN: We’d scatter in all directions 4 00:00:08,518 --> 00:00:11,421 and shout, "they’re coming!" 5 00:00:11,421 --> 00:00:14,424 NARRATOR: A ground invasion seems imminent-- 6 00:00:14,424 --> 00:00:18,428 the largest amphibious assault in human history. 7 00:00:18,428 --> 00:00:19,963 MAN: We knew the beaches, 8 00:00:19,963 --> 00:00:22,832 we knew the order of battle. 9 00:00:22,832 --> 00:00:24,834 NARRATOR: But one bomb... 10 00:00:24,834 --> 00:00:27,037 Changes everything. 11 00:00:27,037 --> 00:00:31,141 WOMAN: People just sat, catching fire. 12 00:00:31,141 --> 00:00:33,576 NARRATOR: Some memories will never fade. 13 00:00:33,576 --> 00:00:36,446 MAN: I experienced the collapse of our nation. 14 00:00:36,446 --> 00:00:39,716 NARRATOR: And no survivors will ever forget. 15 00:00:39,716 --> 00:00:41,918 MAN: My mother thought I had been killed. 16 00:00:41,918 --> 00:00:43,453 NARRATOR: Hear the voices 17 00:00:43,453 --> 00:00:45,722 and feel the fight. 18 00:00:45,722 --> 00:00:52,300 ♫ ♫ 19 00:00:52,400 --> 00:01:00,100 Brought to you by Sailor420 !!! Hope you enjoy the film !!! 20 00:01:00,200 --> 00:01:07,410 ♫ ♫ 21 00:01:07,410 --> 00:01:09,279 DAVID BRADEN: We were going up in daylight 22 00:01:09,279 --> 00:01:10,981 and dropping leaflets that said, 23 00:01:10,981 --> 00:01:14,217 "we advise you to evacuate your town 24 00:01:14,217 --> 00:01:18,455 because we’re coming up here Sunday afternoon at 2 o’clock 25 00:01:18,455 --> 00:01:20,557 to burn it to the ground." 26 00:01:20,557 --> 00:01:29,966 ♫ ♫ 27 00:01:29,966 --> 00:01:32,635 NARRATOR: In march of 1945, 28 00:01:32,635 --> 00:01:35,839 General Curtis Lemay took a torch to Tokyo 29 00:01:35,839 --> 00:01:39,376 in the world’s first large-scale use of napalm bombs. 30 00:01:42,312 --> 00:01:44,080 BRADEN: The first fire raid on Tokyo 31 00:01:44,080 --> 00:01:47,751 flattened 16 square miles of the city. 32 00:01:47,751 --> 00:01:49,652 Lemay was ecstatic. 33 00:01:49,652 --> 00:01:52,422 He ordered more of those missions immediately. 34 00:01:52,422 --> 00:01:55,959 ♫ ♫ 35 00:01:55,959 --> 00:01:59,929 NARRATOR: Lemay targets any place with a war industry. 36 00:01:59,929 --> 00:02:01,664 In a matter of months, 37 00:02:01,664 --> 00:02:05,301 America firebombs 67 Japanese cities. 38 00:02:05,301 --> 00:02:09,839 ♫ ♫ 39 00:02:09,839 --> 00:02:11,808 Fueled by wood and wind, 40 00:02:11,808 --> 00:02:14,677 flames wash through Japan like a flood. 41 00:02:18,281 --> 00:02:19,516 FUNATO KAZUYO: Mother, 42 00:02:19,516 --> 00:02:21,751 with my little brother on her back, 43 00:02:21,751 --> 00:02:26,122 had her feet swept out from under her by the wind... 44 00:02:26,122 --> 00:02:29,125 And she rolled away into the flames. 45 00:02:32,162 --> 00:02:33,696 NARRATOR: American firebombs 46 00:02:33,696 --> 00:02:37,300 kill an estimated half-million citizens. 47 00:02:37,300 --> 00:02:44,307 ♫ ♫ 48 00:02:44,307 --> 00:02:47,510 Lemay films the damage himself. 49 00:02:47,510 --> 00:02:50,213 His footage has never been broadcast before. 50 00:02:52,482 --> 00:02:56,386 In some places, only Bridges are left, 51 00:02:56,386 --> 00:02:59,656 connecting neighborhoods that no longer exist. 52 00:02:59,656 --> 00:03:02,892 ♫ ♫ 53 00:03:02,892 --> 00:03:07,230 CURTIS LEMAY: I suppose if I had lost the war, 54 00:03:07,230 --> 00:03:09,299 I would have been tried as a war criminal. 55 00:03:11,067 --> 00:03:13,136 But all war is immoral. 56 00:03:14,637 --> 00:03:18,875 And if you let that bother you, you’re not a good soldier. 57 00:03:18,875 --> 00:03:25,748 ♫ ♫ 58 00:03:25,748 --> 00:03:29,052 NARRATOR: Japanese film shows the rush to evacuate. 59 00:03:29,052 --> 00:03:32,989 ♫ ♫ 60 00:03:32,989 --> 00:03:37,794 Entire classrooms of kids migrate from city to country. 61 00:03:39,529 --> 00:03:43,366 But they don’t escape the fear. 62 00:03:43,366 --> 00:03:47,904 SATO HIDEO: By 1945, we no longer had many classes. 63 00:03:47,904 --> 00:03:51,007 The main thing we did was dig an anti-tank ditch 64 00:03:51,007 --> 00:03:53,143 in the corner of the schoolyard. 65 00:03:57,413 --> 00:04:01,351 NARRATOR: Japan is increasingly desperate. 66 00:04:01,351 --> 00:04:04,154 America swoops in ever closer. 67 00:04:04,154 --> 00:04:09,726 (engines roaring) 68 00:04:09,726 --> 00:04:16,666 (gunfire) 69 00:04:16,666 --> 00:04:17,867 BRADEN: By June, 70 00:04:17,867 --> 00:04:20,637 we had just about obliterated any opposition 71 00:04:20,637 --> 00:04:23,339 that we had from the ground or from the air. 72 00:04:23,339 --> 00:04:30,747 (engines roaring and gunfire) 73 00:04:30,747 --> 00:04:34,317 NARRATOR: Japan deploys its last planes and pilots 74 00:04:34,317 --> 00:04:36,419 to face the allies in dogfights. 75 00:04:36,419 --> 00:04:45,895 (engines roaring and gunfire) 76 00:04:45,895 --> 00:04:49,799 These battles used to be out over the open pacific. 77 00:04:49,799 --> 00:04:52,502 (gunfire) 78 00:04:52,502 --> 00:04:55,838 Now they’re over Japan itself. 79 00:04:55,838 --> 00:05:00,510 (gunfire) 80 00:05:00,510 --> 00:05:03,713 Then the Japanese simply run out of gas. 81 00:05:03,713 --> 00:05:07,350 (gunfire) 82 00:05:08,585 --> 00:05:10,687 ART ANDERSON: We would see whole airfields 83 00:05:10,687 --> 00:05:12,922 loaded with airplanes, 84 00:05:12,922 --> 00:05:15,258 and there wasn’t one that could get off the ground. 85 00:05:15,258 --> 00:05:19,362 (engines roaring and gunfire) 86 00:05:19,362 --> 00:05:22,031 The Japanese were completely out of fuel. 87 00:05:22,031 --> 00:05:24,100 (engines roaring) 88 00:05:24,100 --> 00:05:30,506 (gunfire) 89 00:05:30,506 --> 00:05:33,076 You’d find a little cargo boat, 90 00:05:33,076 --> 00:05:34,911 with two or three drums of gasoline 91 00:05:34,911 --> 00:05:36,579 from some remote island, 92 00:05:36,579 --> 00:05:38,648 trying to make it back to the mainland. 93 00:05:38,648 --> 00:05:43,786 (gunfire) 94 00:05:43,786 --> 00:05:47,257 NARRATOR: The Japanese empire is gasping for breath. 95 00:05:50,093 --> 00:05:52,762 Yet there’s no sign of surrender. 96 00:05:55,465 --> 00:05:58,735 Allies begin planning for the unthinkable. 97 00:06:00,637 --> 00:06:04,173 ♫ ♫ 98 00:06:04,173 --> 00:06:07,910 BAINE KERR: We had the plans for the landing in Japan. 99 00:06:07,910 --> 00:06:10,313 And we knew the beaches, 100 00:06:10,313 --> 00:06:14,083 we knew the order of battle. 101 00:06:14,083 --> 00:06:15,551 All six marine divisions were 102 00:06:15,551 --> 00:06:18,087 going to land in the assault. 103 00:06:18,087 --> 00:06:19,088 And we would be followed 104 00:06:19,088 --> 00:06:20,890 by 32 army divisions, 105 00:06:20,890 --> 00:06:22,325 including macarthur’s. 106 00:06:23,993 --> 00:06:27,163 NARRATOR: It would be the largest amphibious assault 107 00:06:27,163 --> 00:06:29,365 in the history of warfare. 108 00:06:29,365 --> 00:06:32,635 CODE NAME: Operation downfall. 109 00:06:34,804 --> 00:06:36,539 KERR: Then they were going to embark 110 00:06:36,539 --> 00:06:39,142 something like 70 divisions out of Europe 111 00:06:39,142 --> 00:06:40,810 and sail directly there. 112 00:06:42,545 --> 00:06:45,181 NARRATOR: The high-end estimate of the invasion force 113 00:06:45,181 --> 00:06:48,351 is nearly two million men. 114 00:06:48,351 --> 00:06:52,855 Planners assume that fighting will rage into 1947. 115 00:06:52,855 --> 00:06:58,428 ♫ ♫ 116 00:06:58,428 --> 00:07:00,997 After the human wreckage left on okinawa 117 00:07:00,997 --> 00:07:03,533 just weeks earlier, 118 00:07:03,533 --> 00:07:06,703 most marines don’t doubt this dire prediction. 119 00:07:09,238 --> 00:07:11,274 CHARLES KILPATRICK: We knew they were digging in. 120 00:07:11,274 --> 00:07:14,110 All those tremendous defenses in okinawa 121 00:07:14,110 --> 00:07:15,945 they did in four months. 122 00:07:15,945 --> 00:07:19,682 They had a lot longer than that to prepare in Tokyo. 123 00:07:19,682 --> 00:07:28,958 ♫ ♫ 124 00:07:28,958 --> 00:07:30,293 DAVID STRAUS: An officer told us 125 00:07:30,293 --> 00:07:32,595 we were going to be in the assault wave. 126 00:07:32,595 --> 00:07:36,632 He said, "look to your right and look to your left. 127 00:07:36,632 --> 00:07:41,471 A week after we hit that beach, one of you will be dead." 128 00:07:41,471 --> 00:07:43,506 That was a real morale builder. 129 00:07:44,907 --> 00:07:46,876 NARRATOR: But President Harry Truman 130 00:07:46,876 --> 00:07:48,811 is weighing a different option. 131 00:07:50,947 --> 00:07:56,119 ♫ ♫ 132 00:07:56,119 --> 00:07:59,222 In the middle of nowhere, new Mexico, 133 00:07:59,222 --> 00:08:02,291 scientists prepare to hoist a steel globe 134 00:08:02,291 --> 00:08:04,894 into a tower of scaffolding. 135 00:08:04,894 --> 00:08:09,132 It’s the world’s first nuclear device. 136 00:08:09,132 --> 00:08:10,666 They lift it carefully, 137 00:08:10,666 --> 00:08:12,268 knowing if it drops, 138 00:08:12,268 --> 00:08:15,338 it’ll turn them into dust... 139 00:08:15,338 --> 00:08:18,040 If it works at all. 140 00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:21,878 This is the moment of truth for the Manhattan project-- 141 00:08:21,878 --> 00:08:23,613 the Trinity test. 142 00:08:24,947 --> 00:08:27,216 After securing it in the tower, 143 00:08:27,216 --> 00:08:30,086 the scientists move 20 miles away. 144 00:08:31,421 --> 00:08:35,358 Then they flip the switch. 145 00:08:35,358 --> 00:08:40,463 ♫ ♫ 146 00:08:40,463 --> 00:08:42,398 JOAN HINTON: It was like being at the bottom 147 00:08:42,398 --> 00:08:45,802 of an ocean of light. 148 00:08:45,802 --> 00:08:49,372 We were bathed in it from all directions. 149 00:08:49,372 --> 00:08:55,745 ♫ ♫ 150 00:08:55,745 --> 00:08:57,947 J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER: We knew the world 151 00:08:57,947 --> 00:08:59,582 would not be the same. 152 00:09:02,051 --> 00:09:03,986 A few people laughed. 153 00:09:06,622 --> 00:09:08,391 A few people cried. 154 00:09:11,127 --> 00:09:13,763 Most people were silent. 155 00:09:15,998 --> 00:09:18,301 NARRATOR: Then one of oppenheimer’s colleagues 156 00:09:18,301 --> 00:09:20,269 turns to him and says, 157 00:09:20,269 --> 00:09:22,872 "now we are all sons of bitches." 158 00:09:22,872 --> 00:09:29,812 ♫ ♫ 159 00:09:29,812 --> 00:09:31,147 Trinity was a test 160 00:09:31,147 --> 00:09:35,218 of a fragile bomb of unknown power, 161 00:09:35,218 --> 00:09:39,489 sitting on the floor of an empty desert. 162 00:09:39,489 --> 00:09:40,823 Next, 163 00:09:40,823 --> 00:09:42,258 they’ll have to figure out 164 00:09:42,258 --> 00:09:45,194 how to push one out of a moving airplane. 165 00:09:49,565 --> 00:09:54,770 Only a handful of humans know the atomic age has dawned. 166 00:09:54,770 --> 00:09:56,072 For everyone else, 167 00:09:56,072 --> 00:09:59,408 the pacific war still looks like this. 168 00:09:59,408 --> 00:10:04,046 (cannon and rocket fire) 169 00:10:04,046 --> 00:10:07,116 ♫ ♫ 170 00:10:07,116 --> 00:10:09,452 Supplying China has stymied the allies 171 00:10:09,452 --> 00:10:11,521 since the start of the war. 172 00:10:13,489 --> 00:10:15,691 Japan controls the Burma road, 173 00:10:15,691 --> 00:10:18,661 choking off China from allied territory. 174 00:10:21,230 --> 00:10:22,832 As a workaround, 175 00:10:22,832 --> 00:10:26,469 Americans tried flying supplies over the hump of the Himalayas. 176 00:10:30,840 --> 00:10:33,743 They tried sending secret agents through Tibet 177 00:10:33,743 --> 00:10:37,313 to get on the good side of the 7-year-old Dalai Lama. 178 00:10:40,283 --> 00:10:42,852 Finally, they try engineering. 179 00:10:44,253 --> 00:10:47,390 Allies try to bypass the Japanese blockade 180 00:10:47,390 --> 00:10:49,292 with a new road 181 00:10:49,292 --> 00:10:52,194 from the Indian town of ledo. 182 00:10:53,596 --> 00:10:57,266 The jungle is no easy place to make a detour. 183 00:10:58,467 --> 00:11:00,336 MOSE DAVIE: It was rugged. 184 00:11:00,336 --> 00:11:02,104 We were assigned to mile zero, 185 00:11:02,104 --> 00:11:04,941 which we called "hell’s gate." 186 00:11:04,941 --> 00:11:06,175 NARRATOR: From there, 187 00:11:06,175 --> 00:11:09,078 they slowly carve a new ribbon of road 188 00:11:09,078 --> 00:11:12,682 for 460 miles. 189 00:11:12,682 --> 00:11:14,951 DAVIE: We used every imaginable tool they had 190 00:11:14,951 --> 00:11:16,419 to move the earth. 191 00:11:18,254 --> 00:11:21,857 NARRATOR: Workers nickname it "the big snake." 192 00:11:21,857 --> 00:11:25,127 It takes a bite out of every man that works on it. 193 00:11:27,496 --> 00:11:31,233 DAVIE: I lost about 55 pounds up there on the road. 194 00:11:31,233 --> 00:11:33,736 The rations and the heat took me bad. 195 00:11:36,072 --> 00:11:39,208 NARRATOR: But the effort pays off. 196 00:11:39,208 --> 00:11:43,212 A stream of supplies begins to flow into China. 197 00:11:43,212 --> 00:11:44,614 Now the pressure on Japan 198 00:11:44,614 --> 00:11:47,583 seems to be coming from every direction. 199 00:11:50,686 --> 00:11:54,824 Burma can now stand firm with the allies. 200 00:11:54,824 --> 00:11:58,160 Japanese troops dissolve into the jungle, 201 00:11:58,160 --> 00:12:00,262 isolated and abandoned. 202 00:12:00,262 --> 00:12:03,866 ♫ ♫ 203 00:12:03,866 --> 00:12:06,669 Here, freedom is a relief. 204 00:12:06,669 --> 00:12:11,874 ♫ ♫ 205 00:12:11,874 --> 00:12:14,644 In the American west, it’s bittersweet. 206 00:12:17,113 --> 00:12:19,348 Since 1942, 207 00:12:19,348 --> 00:12:22,418 more than a hundred thousand Japanese Americans 208 00:12:22,418 --> 00:12:24,920 have been forced into internment camps. 209 00:12:24,920 --> 00:12:30,526 ♫ ♫ 210 00:12:30,526 --> 00:12:35,564 Kids have been growing up as little more than prisoners. 211 00:12:35,564 --> 00:12:36,966 TAKEO SHIROMA: When I got to camp, 212 00:12:36,966 --> 00:12:39,368 I was a junior. 213 00:12:39,368 --> 00:12:43,472 My diploma was from the bureau of Indian affairs. 214 00:12:45,341 --> 00:12:47,176 NARRATOR: The fears that put them here 215 00:12:47,176 --> 00:12:50,146 have not materialized. 216 00:12:50,146 --> 00:12:54,183 They haven’t become spies or saboteurs. 217 00:12:54,183 --> 00:12:56,585 Instead, they’ve been quietly showing 218 00:12:56,585 --> 00:12:59,422 just how American they really are. 219 00:12:59,422 --> 00:13:03,592 ♫ ♫ 220 00:13:03,592 --> 00:13:06,962 So even with the war grinding on, 221 00:13:06,962 --> 00:13:09,765 America opens the gates. 222 00:13:09,765 --> 00:13:12,802 ROBERTA SHIROMA: That was a dividing line in our lives-- 223 00:13:12,802 --> 00:13:16,372 before camp and after camp. 224 00:13:16,372 --> 00:13:18,841 NARRATOR: Roberta and takeo Shiroma 225 00:13:18,841 --> 00:13:21,310 will have to start over. 226 00:13:21,310 --> 00:13:24,580 TAKEO SHIROMA: My parents lost their business. 227 00:13:24,580 --> 00:13:27,283 NARRATOR: It’s like they’re immigrants once more, 228 00:13:27,283 --> 00:13:29,518 departing with a few suitcases 229 00:13:29,518 --> 00:13:32,254 to a country whose lofty principles 230 00:13:32,254 --> 00:13:34,156 do not apply to them. 231 00:13:36,692 --> 00:13:39,562 Many Americans don’t want them back. 232 00:13:39,562 --> 00:13:43,432 One senator suggests they all be deported to Japan. 233 00:13:45,868 --> 00:13:49,038 West coast newspapers decry what they call 234 00:13:49,038 --> 00:13:51,307 "california’s jap problem." 235 00:13:53,843 --> 00:13:56,712 TAKEO SHIROMA: My father could not get a job. 236 00:13:56,712 --> 00:13:59,482 They said, "have you looked at your face? 237 00:13:59,482 --> 00:14:01,317 We can’t hire you." 238 00:14:01,317 --> 00:14:03,552 NARRATOR: Some even cling to the camps 239 00:14:03,552 --> 00:14:06,922 when they could freely leave. 240 00:14:06,922 --> 00:14:09,225 But the shiromas try to heed wisdom 241 00:14:09,225 --> 00:14:12,027 from their ancestral home. 242 00:14:12,027 --> 00:14:13,295 ROBERTA SHIROMA: We have a phrase 243 00:14:13,295 --> 00:14:15,197 that we hear all the time. 244 00:14:15,197 --> 00:14:17,433 It’s called "Shigata Ga Nai." 245 00:14:17,433 --> 00:14:20,269 It means "it couldn’t be helped." 246 00:14:20,269 --> 00:14:22,671 It’s something that happened, 247 00:14:22,671 --> 00:14:24,039 and you let it go. 248 00:14:24,039 --> 00:14:28,077 NARRATOR: That will be easier for some than others. 249 00:14:30,813 --> 00:14:33,482 In another desert of the American west, 250 00:14:33,482 --> 00:14:36,585 B-29 crews line up for inspection. 251 00:14:38,454 --> 00:14:40,389 JAMES PRICE: He told us that we were in an outfit 252 00:14:40,389 --> 00:14:43,726 that might end the war. 253 00:14:43,726 --> 00:14:45,561 NARRATOR: Then... 254 00:14:45,561 --> 00:14:47,830 They prepare for a high-stakes game 255 00:14:47,830 --> 00:14:49,231 of target practice. 256 00:14:52,735 --> 00:14:56,105 The Trinity test ushered in the atomic age. 257 00:14:59,542 --> 00:15:03,312 But no one knows how to drop such a big bomb out of a plane. 258 00:15:05,581 --> 00:15:10,085 So b-29s take off with dummy bombs called "pumpkins" 259 00:15:10,085 --> 00:15:11,921 to drop onto the desert. 260 00:15:11,921 --> 00:15:18,828 ♫ ♫ 261 00:15:18,828 --> 00:15:21,130 PRICE: I guess they just plowed up these tumbleweeds 262 00:15:21,130 --> 00:15:23,165 so we could see a target. 263 00:15:26,168 --> 00:15:28,804 NARRATOR: From more than 5 1/2 miles up, 264 00:15:28,804 --> 00:15:30,139 they let it go. 265 00:15:33,008 --> 00:15:37,913 On the ground, experts observe the bomb’s dynamics. 266 00:15:37,913 --> 00:15:39,481 PRICE: The first ones tumbled. 267 00:15:39,481 --> 00:15:41,550 Then they changed the tailfins. 268 00:15:43,419 --> 00:15:46,121 People from Los Alamos were down there timing 269 00:15:46,121 --> 00:15:49,558 how long it would take them to fall. 270 00:15:49,558 --> 00:15:52,494 Someone joked that they stood in the center of the target 271 00:15:52,494 --> 00:15:55,264 because they felt that would be the safest place. 272 00:15:57,566 --> 00:15:59,902 NARRATOR: It’s not a bullseye. 273 00:15:59,902 --> 00:16:02,972 But with the real bomb, it might not matter. 274 00:16:02,972 --> 00:16:07,176 ♫ ♫ 275 00:16:10,679 --> 00:16:12,381 On August 5th, 276 00:16:12,381 --> 00:16:17,119 another air crew prepares for a run on Japan. 277 00:16:17,119 --> 00:16:19,288 It’s becoming almost routine. 278 00:16:23,592 --> 00:16:27,830 This is the 345th bombardment group, 279 00:16:27,830 --> 00:16:30,099 nicknamed the air apaches. 280 00:16:32,401 --> 00:16:34,003 They’re on ie shima, 281 00:16:34,003 --> 00:16:36,105 a little island off okinawa 282 00:16:36,105 --> 00:16:39,008 that’s now a bustling air base. 283 00:16:39,008 --> 00:16:41,076 The target is the town of tarumizu, 284 00:16:41,076 --> 00:16:43,779 just 430 miles away. 285 00:16:43,779 --> 00:16:51,086 ♫ ♫ 286 00:16:51,086 --> 00:16:54,290 Captain John Hanna films the action himself. 287 00:16:56,792 --> 00:17:01,497 With Japan unable to mount much of a defense, 288 00:17:01,497 --> 00:17:04,333 hanna’s plane can scrape the rooflines. 289 00:17:04,333 --> 00:17:08,737 ♫ ♫ 290 00:17:08,737 --> 00:17:10,839 They make runs on a coastal factory 291 00:17:10,839 --> 00:17:13,475 that makes rocket-propelled suicide planes. 292 00:17:16,946 --> 00:17:19,581 And they firebomb nearby homes 293 00:17:19,581 --> 00:17:22,952 to cripple the workers as much as their workplace. 294 00:17:22,952 --> 00:17:32,294 ♫ ♫ 295 00:17:32,294 --> 00:17:35,164 The 345th returns to base 296 00:17:35,164 --> 00:17:37,900 with a few scratches from anti-aircraft fire. 297 00:17:37,900 --> 00:17:42,805 ♫ ♫ 298 00:17:42,805 --> 00:17:45,040 Tarumizu is wrecked. 299 00:17:47,209 --> 00:17:50,879 Today’s raid is 325 planes 300 00:17:50,879 --> 00:17:53,649 and thousands of bombs. 301 00:17:53,649 --> 00:17:57,152 Tomorrow, it’ll be just one. 302 00:18:01,256 --> 00:18:13,869 ♫ ♫ 303 00:18:13,869 --> 00:18:16,672 Teenager yamaoka michiko 304 00:18:16,672 --> 00:18:21,276 is on her way to downtown Hiroshima. 305 00:18:21,276 --> 00:18:23,612 YAMAOKA MICHIKO: I was in the third year of high school. 306 00:18:25,948 --> 00:18:28,517 I left the house around 7:45. 307 00:18:28,517 --> 00:18:37,326 ♫ ♫ 308 00:18:37,326 --> 00:18:40,329 NARRATOR: From the island of Tinian, 309 00:18:40,329 --> 00:18:43,432 Colonel Paul Tibbets is on his way to Japan. 310 00:18:45,267 --> 00:18:47,136 PAUL TIBBETS: We had lulled the Japanese 311 00:18:47,136 --> 00:18:48,737 into a sense of false security. 312 00:18:51,740 --> 00:18:53,008 For a week 313 00:18:53,008 --> 00:18:56,178 I sent a single airplane up over these targets. 314 00:18:59,782 --> 00:19:03,285 I wanted them to think we were reconnaissance planes. 315 00:19:03,285 --> 00:19:17,533 ♫ ♫ 316 00:19:17,533 --> 00:19:19,768 MICHIKO: I wasn’t particularly afraid 317 00:19:19,768 --> 00:19:22,638 when b-29s flew overhead. 318 00:19:22,638 --> 00:19:25,240 I looked up to see if I could spot them. 319 00:19:26,909 --> 00:19:29,244 That was the moment. 320 00:19:29,244 --> 00:19:36,885 ♫ ♫ 321 00:19:36,885 --> 00:19:38,420 There was no sound. 322 00:19:41,256 --> 00:19:43,792 I felt colors. 323 00:19:45,427 --> 00:19:48,497 I remember my body floating in the air. 324 00:19:51,366 --> 00:19:53,669 I don’t know how far I was blown. 325 00:19:56,472 --> 00:20:00,576 I tried to say something, but my voice couldn’t come out. 326 00:20:03,178 --> 00:20:06,648 I said to myself, "goodbye, mom." 327 00:20:09,618 --> 00:20:12,054 TIBBETS: Below the mushroom cloud, 328 00:20:12,054 --> 00:20:15,324 it was black and boiling underneath, 329 00:20:15,324 --> 00:20:17,493 like a boiling pot of tar. 330 00:20:20,095 --> 00:20:23,332 MICHIKO: Fires burst out from just the light itself. 331 00:20:25,801 --> 00:20:29,638 Nobody looked like a human being. 332 00:20:31,340 --> 00:20:33,308 People couldn’t scream. 333 00:20:36,645 --> 00:20:38,814 They just sat, 334 00:20:38,814 --> 00:20:40,582 catching fire. 335 00:20:40,582 --> 00:20:48,957 ♫ ♫ 336 00:20:48,957 --> 00:20:51,760 TIBBETS: By that time, we were out over the water 337 00:20:51,760 --> 00:20:53,362 and on our way back home. 338 00:20:55,731 --> 00:20:57,533 It was an easy flight. 339 00:20:57,533 --> 00:21:02,104 ♫ ♫ 340 00:21:02,104 --> 00:21:03,572 I didn’t have the ability 341 00:21:03,572 --> 00:21:07,176 to visualize what this thing really was. 342 00:21:09,678 --> 00:21:15,284 There was no measure, no scale by which to judge this thing. 343 00:21:19,221 --> 00:21:21,657 NARRATOR: As Tibbets lines up for a medal, 344 00:21:21,657 --> 00:21:24,760 rumors swirl about the damage in Hiroshima. 345 00:21:26,828 --> 00:21:29,831 TIBBETS: The guys came in with their eyes wide open 346 00:21:29,831 --> 00:21:31,733 and asked... 347 00:21:31,733 --> 00:21:34,136 "Jesus! Is this true?" 348 00:21:38,473 --> 00:21:40,242 NARRATOR: A few days later, 349 00:21:40,242 --> 00:21:44,413 Americans roll out another atomic bomb-- 350 00:21:44,413 --> 00:21:48,984 even bigger in size and power. 351 00:21:48,984 --> 00:21:51,286 They name it "fat man." 352 00:21:53,055 --> 00:21:57,626 Inside is a lump of plutonium about the size of a softball. 353 00:22:00,896 --> 00:22:02,464 They seal the seams 354 00:22:02,464 --> 00:22:05,667 to keep moisture away from the delicate components inside. 355 00:22:08,971 --> 00:22:11,306 Since the bomb hit Hiroshima, 356 00:22:11,306 --> 00:22:16,311 Japan has sent no message to the outside world. 357 00:22:16,311 --> 00:22:18,947 It is silent... 358 00:22:18,947 --> 00:22:20,515 As if in shock. 359 00:22:22,217 --> 00:22:26,255 So Americans load up fat man 360 00:22:26,255 --> 00:22:29,057 and head for the next target-- 361 00:22:29,057 --> 00:22:31,026 the city of kokura. 362 00:22:31,026 --> 00:22:40,035 ♫ ♫ 363 00:22:40,035 --> 00:22:42,170 When the b-29s arrive, 364 00:22:42,170 --> 00:22:44,640 kokura is socked in, 365 00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:47,643 with clouds and smoke from burning cities. 366 00:22:47,643 --> 00:22:51,813 ♫ ♫ 367 00:22:51,813 --> 00:22:54,816 They peel off for their secondary target. 368 00:22:54,816 --> 00:22:59,821 ♫ ♫ 369 00:22:59,821 --> 00:23:03,759 A Scottish pow is in a prison camp nearby. 370 00:23:06,061 --> 00:23:08,797 ALISTAIR URQUHART: I saw a plane flying. 371 00:23:08,797 --> 00:23:13,669 Two minutes later came a tremendous clap of thunder 372 00:23:13,669 --> 00:23:15,470 from Nagasaki. 373 00:23:15,470 --> 00:23:25,147 ♫ ♫ 374 00:23:25,147 --> 00:23:28,617 A Gale-force wind nearly knocked me over. 375 00:23:28,617 --> 00:23:33,355 ♫ ♫ 376 00:23:33,355 --> 00:23:35,924 NARRATOR: Japan isn’t sure what’s hitting them. 377 00:23:35,924 --> 00:23:41,330 ♫ ♫ 378 00:23:41,330 --> 00:23:44,299 America isn’t sure what it’s unleashing. 379 00:23:48,804 --> 00:23:52,341 Only those under the mushroom cloud really know. 380 00:23:55,110 --> 00:23:57,813 But the world will soon find out. 381 00:23:57,813 --> 00:24:03,485 ♫ ♫ 382 00:24:06,355 --> 00:24:14,262 ♫ ♫ 383 00:24:14,262 --> 00:24:15,530 The next day, 384 00:24:15,530 --> 00:24:18,166 the Japanese contact the Swiss, 385 00:24:18,166 --> 00:24:20,702 who pass messages to the Americans, 386 00:24:20,702 --> 00:24:23,605 even as their carriers launch more raids. 387 00:24:25,374 --> 00:24:29,277 Meanwhile, the Soviet Union invades Manchuria, 388 00:24:29,277 --> 00:24:32,614 opening another front Japan can barely defend. 389 00:24:36,618 --> 00:24:40,589 Days go by as each side deliberates 390 00:24:40,589 --> 00:24:41,723 and translates 391 00:24:41,723 --> 00:24:42,991 and negotiates. 392 00:24:42,991 --> 00:24:50,832 (engines roaring) 393 00:24:50,832 --> 00:24:55,370 ♫ ♫ 394 00:24:55,370 --> 00:24:58,106 Bombs keep dropping. 395 00:24:58,106 --> 00:24:59,641 On August 13th, 396 00:24:59,641 --> 00:25:03,779 1,000 carrier planes make their final dive on Tokyo. 397 00:25:07,282 --> 00:25:10,752 In 1942, this would have been impossible. 398 00:25:10,752 --> 00:25:14,289 ♫ ♫ 399 00:25:14,289 --> 00:25:16,691 Now it’s unstoppable. 400 00:25:21,029 --> 00:25:24,166 (audio recording in japanese) 401 00:25:24,166 --> 00:25:26,968 A scratchy recording of a strange voice 402 00:25:26,968 --> 00:25:31,139 goes out over Japanese airwaves. 403 00:25:31,139 --> 00:25:33,542 It’s Emperor Hirohito. 404 00:25:33,542 --> 00:25:36,611 Revered as a distant god-like figure, 405 00:25:36,611 --> 00:25:38,947 he has never addressed the public... 406 00:25:38,947 --> 00:25:41,650 Until now. 407 00:25:41,650 --> 00:25:44,085 TRANSLATED: We have decided to effect a settlement 408 00:25:44,085 --> 00:25:46,121 of the present situation 409 00:25:46,121 --> 00:25:49,157 by resorting to an extraordinary measure. 410 00:25:49,157 --> 00:25:51,893 NARRATOR: He uses an archaic Japanese dialect 411 00:25:51,893 --> 00:25:54,629 that few can understand. 412 00:25:54,629 --> 00:25:58,333 But soon, the news becomes clear. 413 00:25:58,333 --> 00:26:01,503 Japan surrenders. 414 00:26:01,503 --> 00:26:07,476 ♫ ♫ 415 00:26:07,476 --> 00:26:10,779 The world gasps in a moment of disbelief... 416 00:26:10,779 --> 00:26:14,716 ♫ ♫ 417 00:26:14,716 --> 00:26:17,719 ANNOUNCER: ...Coming out of Tokyo that Emperor Hirohito 418 00:26:17,719 --> 00:26:20,655 has accepted the terms of surrender as drafted... 419 00:26:20,655 --> 00:26:26,495 ♫ ♫ 420 00:26:26,495 --> 00:26:29,464 NARRATOR: Then exhales in relief. 421 00:26:29,464 --> 00:26:48,750 ♫ ♫ 422 00:26:48,750 --> 00:26:52,954 Navy ships racing toward Japan begin to coast. 423 00:26:52,954 --> 00:26:58,727 ♫ ♫ 424 00:26:58,727 --> 00:27:00,862 CHRIS WALKER: We had our ship loaded, 425 00:27:00,862 --> 00:27:04,232 totally loaded for us to invade. 426 00:27:04,232 --> 00:27:06,501 ROBERT TIPPEN: We got the message. 427 00:27:06,501 --> 00:27:10,205 I ran up to the bridge where a good friend was signalman. 428 00:27:10,205 --> 00:27:13,542 He spelled out "war is over." 429 00:27:17,012 --> 00:27:18,213 JAMES REDDING: The captain announced, 430 00:27:18,213 --> 00:27:20,482 "it’s against naval regulations, 431 00:27:20,482 --> 00:27:23,218 but all hands can lay down to the scullery 432 00:27:23,218 --> 00:27:24,853 for two cans of beer." 433 00:27:24,853 --> 00:27:36,398 ♫ ♫ 434 00:27:36,398 --> 00:27:38,033 NARRATOR: All across the pacific, 435 00:27:38,033 --> 00:27:43,171 men slated for the final assault get the news of their lives. 436 00:27:46,274 --> 00:27:50,612 STRAUS: I guarantee you there was a lot of relief. 437 00:27:50,612 --> 00:27:52,180 I don’t know how many of us would have survived 438 00:27:52,180 --> 00:27:54,149 the invasion of Japan, 439 00:27:54,149 --> 00:27:56,017 but not very many, I don’t think. 440 00:27:56,017 --> 00:28:01,790 ♫ ♫ 441 00:28:01,790 --> 00:28:04,626 NARRATOR: In the Philippines, 442 00:28:04,626 --> 00:28:06,461 word slowly gets out. 443 00:28:09,864 --> 00:28:11,399 Serviceman Dan Rocklin 444 00:28:11,399 --> 00:28:14,970 films a nation slowly rising from its knees. 445 00:28:14,970 --> 00:28:26,815 ♫ ♫ 446 00:28:26,815 --> 00:28:30,785 From every corner of their fallen empire, 447 00:28:30,785 --> 00:28:34,055 Japanese who fought from the shadows 448 00:28:34,055 --> 00:28:36,424 finally emerge into daylight. 449 00:28:40,061 --> 00:28:41,296 JOE RACKLEY: They started coming in 450 00:28:41,296 --> 00:28:44,666 and putting their rifles down. 451 00:28:44,666 --> 00:28:47,602 That was the end of them. 452 00:28:47,602 --> 00:28:52,540 IITOYO SHOGO: We fell from heaven to hell overnight. 453 00:28:52,540 --> 00:28:55,276 NARRATOR: Men who spent the last 3 1/2 years 454 00:28:55,276 --> 00:28:57,779 trying to annihilate each other 455 00:28:57,779 --> 00:29:00,281 are now facing each other. 456 00:29:00,281 --> 00:29:02,584 BILL WALKER: The japs all came in from the jungle 457 00:29:02,584 --> 00:29:05,487 and gave us their swords. 458 00:29:05,487 --> 00:29:08,723 Of course, all our officers got the good ones. 459 00:29:10,992 --> 00:29:15,797 NARRATOR: In China, Japanese troops are herded into boxcars-- 460 00:29:15,797 --> 00:29:20,702 a demoralizing start to their long journey home. 461 00:29:20,702 --> 00:29:24,439 SHOGO: I experienced the collapse of our nation. 462 00:29:24,439 --> 00:29:26,508 It was really worse than dying. 463 00:29:29,277 --> 00:29:33,114 NARRATOR: In Japan, there is shock and shame. 464 00:29:37,152 --> 00:29:39,187 KUMAGAYA TOKUICHI: Nobody truly thought 465 00:29:39,187 --> 00:29:40,755 Japan would lose. 466 00:29:42,257 --> 00:29:44,092 NARRATOR: Since its ancient beginnings 467 00:29:44,092 --> 00:29:46,127 in the first century, 468 00:29:46,127 --> 00:29:48,797 it has never known a foreign occupation. 469 00:29:51,800 --> 00:29:53,568 The pride of empire 470 00:29:53,568 --> 00:29:56,538 disintegrates into a cloud of fear. 471 00:29:56,538 --> 00:30:00,141 ♫ ♫ 472 00:30:02,944 --> 00:30:07,115 They arrive in white planes-- 473 00:30:07,115 --> 00:30:08,817 the color of surrender-- 474 00:30:08,817 --> 00:30:12,620 at general macarthur’s insistence. 475 00:30:12,620 --> 00:30:15,590 He doesn’t want any mistaken identity. 476 00:30:18,226 --> 00:30:22,063 The rising sun has been replaced by a green cross. 477 00:30:28,269 --> 00:30:30,605 The Japanese delegation emerges. 478 00:30:32,741 --> 00:30:34,776 They’ve just landed in the Philippines 479 00:30:34,776 --> 00:30:36,444 to meet with MacArthur. 480 00:30:39,347 --> 00:30:42,817 The future of Japan is now under negotiation. 481 00:30:45,720 --> 00:30:48,790 MacArthur welcomes allies of every stripe. 482 00:30:50,759 --> 00:30:53,294 A global array of military uniforms 483 00:30:53,294 --> 00:30:56,831 marches into Manila. 484 00:30:56,831 --> 00:30:58,566 They will talk all night 485 00:30:58,566 --> 00:31:03,138 over hastily translated maps and documents. 486 00:31:03,138 --> 00:31:04,672 And they settle on a date 487 00:31:04,672 --> 00:31:09,377 to formally conclude the pacific war. 488 00:31:09,377 --> 00:31:15,550 ♫ ♫ 489 00:31:15,550 --> 00:31:19,821 A distant mount fuji presides over Tokyo bay. 490 00:31:23,258 --> 00:31:28,196 For all the thousands on board the USS Missouri, 491 00:31:28,196 --> 00:31:31,766 the focus is on one man-- 492 00:31:31,766 --> 00:31:36,604 now supreme commander for the allied powers. 493 00:31:36,604 --> 00:31:38,439 DOUGLAS MACARTHUR: I had received no instructions 494 00:31:38,439 --> 00:31:42,644 as to what to say or what to do. 495 00:31:42,644 --> 00:31:44,512 I was on my own, 496 00:31:44,512 --> 00:31:46,347 standing on the quarterdeck 497 00:31:46,347 --> 00:31:49,751 with only god and my own conscience to guide me. 498 00:31:51,653 --> 00:31:56,157 NARRATOR: MacArthur stands to face the Japanese delegation 499 00:31:56,157 --> 00:31:59,427 and stakes his claim. 500 00:31:59,427 --> 00:32:01,896 MACARTHUR: I announce it my firm purpose 501 00:32:01,896 --> 00:32:05,433 to proceed in the discharge of my responsibilities 502 00:32:05,433 --> 00:32:07,302 with justice and tolerance, 503 00:32:07,302 --> 00:32:10,705 to ensure that the terms of surrender 504 00:32:10,705 --> 00:32:16,110 are fully, promptly, and faithfully complied with. 505 00:32:17,912 --> 00:32:23,451 NARRATOR: Finally, in the calm of a sea-salt breeze, 506 00:32:23,451 --> 00:32:28,423 the incessant pounding of the pacific war ceases 507 00:32:28,423 --> 00:32:32,227 with the quiet scrawls of solemn signatures. 508 00:32:36,831 --> 00:32:42,370 The ceremony ends with a ferocious roar-- 509 00:32:42,370 --> 00:32:46,341 a flyover of nearly 500 b-29s. 510 00:32:50,778 --> 00:32:54,916 Now both sides have to make a sudden turn 511 00:32:54,916 --> 00:32:58,553 from combat to cooperation. 512 00:32:58,553 --> 00:33:02,423 A lasting peace in the pacific is at stake. 513 00:33:07,795 --> 00:33:14,002 ♫ ♫ 514 00:33:14,002 --> 00:33:16,104 Just weeks earlier, 515 00:33:16,104 --> 00:33:19,340 this was the plan-- 516 00:33:19,340 --> 00:33:22,377 an all-out full-force charge 517 00:33:22,377 --> 00:33:26,648 into the drawn swords of a 2,000-year-old empire. 518 00:33:28,549 --> 00:33:32,420 Instead, the allies approach unarmed. 519 00:33:32,420 --> 00:33:36,824 ♫ ♫ 520 00:33:36,824 --> 00:33:39,827 ROY SIMMONS: We didn’t have any ammunition. 521 00:33:39,827 --> 00:33:43,765 MacArthur did not want any incidents. 522 00:33:43,765 --> 00:33:45,633 Not one incident. 523 00:33:45,633 --> 00:33:51,339 ♫ ♫ 524 00:33:51,339 --> 00:33:52,707 NARRATOR: Thousands of troops 525 00:33:52,707 --> 00:33:56,911 pour onto the soil of their sworn enemy... 526 00:33:56,911 --> 00:33:59,314 Without firing, 527 00:33:59,314 --> 00:34:01,783 without ducking, 528 00:34:01,783 --> 00:34:03,351 without dying. 529 00:34:06,487 --> 00:34:10,525 Japanese disarm themselves under allied supervision. 530 00:34:12,527 --> 00:34:15,263 Americans look right into the jaws 531 00:34:15,263 --> 00:34:18,166 of what awaited them. 532 00:34:18,166 --> 00:34:20,435 KILPATRICK: From the water line to Tokyo, 533 00:34:20,435 --> 00:34:23,071 every yard of it was entrenched and barricaded 534 00:34:23,071 --> 00:34:26,240 with tunnels and caverns. 535 00:34:26,240 --> 00:34:28,509 It would have been a bloodbath. 536 00:34:30,311 --> 00:34:31,980 NARRATOR: Americans are fascinated with 537 00:34:31,980 --> 00:34:34,315 the war’s opposing perspective. 538 00:34:35,750 --> 00:34:40,822 They play with guns that were once aimed at them. 539 00:34:40,822 --> 00:34:42,223 They find a Japanese ship 540 00:34:42,223 --> 00:34:45,960 with allied planes painted on the side-- 541 00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:47,662 a cheat-sheet for gunners. 542 00:34:49,397 --> 00:34:53,768 And one takes a tour of a Japanese sub. 543 00:34:53,768 --> 00:34:57,005 CHARLES PASE: I’m sure they hated us. 544 00:34:57,005 --> 00:34:58,539 But some of them tried to introduce 545 00:34:58,539 --> 00:35:02,410 some sort of incipient friendship, 546 00:35:02,410 --> 00:35:04,445 as if, in the back of their minds, 547 00:35:04,445 --> 00:35:07,015 they recognized that we were humans, 548 00:35:07,015 --> 00:35:08,583 just like they were. 549 00:35:08,583 --> 00:35:14,555 ♫ ♫ 550 00:35:14,555 --> 00:35:17,392 NARRATOR: The Victors are now fully ashore. 551 00:35:17,392 --> 00:35:21,396 ♫ ♫ 552 00:35:21,396 --> 00:35:23,831 Next come the vanquished. 553 00:35:23,831 --> 00:35:32,106 ♫ ♫ 554 00:35:32,106 --> 00:35:34,208 Seven million Japanese 555 00:35:34,208 --> 00:35:38,646 have been spread across Asia and the pacific, 556 00:35:38,646 --> 00:35:41,716 fighting for the homeland they remember. 557 00:35:41,716 --> 00:35:50,925 ♫ ♫ 558 00:35:50,925 --> 00:35:53,261 Some have been gone for years, 559 00:35:53,261 --> 00:35:56,597 with no idea what their nation has endured. 560 00:35:56,597 --> 00:36:04,138 ♫ ♫ 561 00:36:04,138 --> 00:36:06,974 Face masks and a blast of ddt 562 00:36:06,974 --> 00:36:09,577 stave off the import of disease. 563 00:36:12,580 --> 00:36:16,317 But there’s no cure for the shock of defeat. 564 00:36:18,853 --> 00:36:20,288 Japanese citizens 565 00:36:20,288 --> 00:36:24,759 imagined their enemies as ruthless barbarians. 566 00:36:24,759 --> 00:36:28,162 Now these foreign armies are walking among them. 567 00:36:35,470 --> 00:36:37,205 SIMMONS: They turned their backs to us 568 00:36:37,205 --> 00:36:38,840 and hung their heads. 569 00:36:38,840 --> 00:36:42,443 I asked the interpreter, "what are they doing?" 570 00:36:42,443 --> 00:36:45,179 And he said, "that’s the sign of submission." 571 00:36:49,417 --> 00:36:51,319 NARRATOR: Allies bombed and blockaded 572 00:36:51,319 --> 00:36:55,123 the Japanese into starvation. 573 00:36:55,123 --> 00:36:57,658 Now they unload c-rations. 574 00:36:59,894 --> 00:37:03,231 MACARTHUR: We didn’t intend to feed them forever. 575 00:37:03,231 --> 00:37:06,200 We needed to make Japan self-sufficient 576 00:37:06,200 --> 00:37:08,402 as soon as it was humanly possible. 577 00:37:11,906 --> 00:37:14,442 NARRATOR: This is a tall order. 578 00:37:17,678 --> 00:37:20,848 Much of Japan is simply not there anymore. 579 00:37:20,848 --> 00:37:24,252 ♫ ♫ 580 00:37:24,252 --> 00:37:25,987 Tokyo is half gone. 581 00:37:25,987 --> 00:37:36,664 ♫ ♫ 582 00:37:36,664 --> 00:37:38,566 For mile after mile, 583 00:37:38,566 --> 00:37:41,736 it looks like a forest clear cut down to stumps. 584 00:37:41,736 --> 00:37:50,645 ♫ ♫ 585 00:37:50,645 --> 00:37:54,448 Rebuilding is a job too immense for many to grasp. 586 00:37:57,485 --> 00:38:00,488 So they simply get to it... 587 00:38:00,488 --> 00:38:02,690 With picks... 588 00:38:02,690 --> 00:38:04,559 And shovels... 589 00:38:04,559 --> 00:38:06,127 And bare hands. 590 00:38:08,262 --> 00:38:11,566 In two cities, it’s even worse. 591 00:38:11,566 --> 00:38:15,803 ♫ ♫ 592 00:38:15,803 --> 00:38:18,506 ART ANDERSON: We flew directly over Nagasaki. 593 00:38:20,775 --> 00:38:22,042 From ground zero, 594 00:38:22,042 --> 00:38:25,613 everything radiated out 360 degrees. 595 00:38:25,613 --> 00:38:30,451 ♫ ♫ 596 00:38:30,451 --> 00:38:34,222 JERELL CROW: We went to Hiroshima. 597 00:38:34,222 --> 00:38:37,158 You can’t imagine. 598 00:38:37,158 --> 00:38:40,761 For miles, there was nothing. 599 00:38:40,761 --> 00:38:42,330 Nothing left. 600 00:38:45,099 --> 00:38:48,803 This city was burned down to the sidewalks. 601 00:38:48,803 --> 00:38:51,806 ♫ ♫ 602 00:38:51,806 --> 00:38:54,242 NARRATOR: But the bomb’s lasting impact 603 00:38:54,242 --> 00:38:57,578 is not in the rubble of brick and mortar. 604 00:38:57,578 --> 00:39:00,681 It’s in the scars of mind and body. 605 00:39:00,681 --> 00:39:04,752 ♫ ♫ 606 00:39:04,752 --> 00:39:08,856 Inside hospitals are injuries beyond anyone’s training. 607 00:39:08,856 --> 00:39:14,395 ♫ ♫ 608 00:39:14,395 --> 00:39:17,765 Anyone within half a mile was instantly scorched. 609 00:39:20,434 --> 00:39:24,472 Two miles away, skin spontaneously ignited. 610 00:39:24,472 --> 00:39:29,010 ♫ ♫ 611 00:39:29,010 --> 00:39:33,914 Hiroshima teenager yamaoka michiko survives, 612 00:39:33,914 --> 00:39:37,218 but then has to endure. 613 00:39:37,218 --> 00:39:39,220 MICHIKO: People threw stones at me 614 00:39:39,220 --> 00:39:42,356 and called me monster. 615 00:39:42,356 --> 00:39:47,495 Once my mom tried to choke me to death. 616 00:39:47,495 --> 00:39:51,666 If a girl has a face you couldn’t be born with, 617 00:39:51,666 --> 00:39:56,304 I understand that even a mother could want to kill her child. 618 00:39:58,506 --> 00:40:03,311 NARRATOR: In Hiroshima, few families are intact. 619 00:40:03,311 --> 00:40:07,415 Mourners grieve at overcrowded cemeteries. 620 00:40:07,415 --> 00:40:10,785 No one knows when or if 621 00:40:10,785 --> 00:40:14,388 a new Japan will emerge from the atomic shadow. 622 00:40:18,059 --> 00:40:21,562 REUBEN KANDLER: We’d hoped for this moment for years 623 00:40:21,562 --> 00:40:24,565 and dreamt that one day it might arrive. 624 00:40:24,565 --> 00:40:28,269 But we’d never known that it would. 625 00:40:28,269 --> 00:40:32,106 NARRATOR: 140,000 allied prisoners of war 626 00:40:32,106 --> 00:40:35,076 take their first steps toward home. 627 00:40:38,045 --> 00:40:41,215 From a pow camp in Thailand, 628 00:40:41,215 --> 00:40:43,517 they board flights to Vietnam. 629 00:40:43,517 --> 00:40:47,288 ♫ ♫ 630 00:40:47,288 --> 00:40:51,058 An old hotel in Saigon puts them up, 631 00:40:51,058 --> 00:40:53,127 and it feels like the ritz. 632 00:40:55,696 --> 00:40:57,298 In Singapore, 633 00:40:57,298 --> 00:41:01,302 sikh soldiers from India come out of captivity. 634 00:41:01,302 --> 00:41:04,338 U.S. troops salute their freedom. 635 00:41:06,741 --> 00:41:08,809 In the Philippines, 636 00:41:08,809 --> 00:41:12,880 Japan had called its 90,000 prisoners of war 637 00:41:12,880 --> 00:41:14,782 "guests of the empire." 638 00:41:17,551 --> 00:41:21,188 Now they hitch rides and join convoys 639 00:41:21,188 --> 00:41:24,158 to carry them away from despair, 640 00:41:24,158 --> 00:41:25,626 toward hope. 641 00:41:25,626 --> 00:41:33,267 ♫ ♫ 642 00:41:33,267 --> 00:41:35,403 In Japan itself, 643 00:41:35,403 --> 00:41:40,608 36,000 pows have endured darkness and decay. 644 00:41:40,608 --> 00:41:44,311 ♫ ♫ 645 00:41:44,311 --> 00:41:46,614 RICHARD WILLIAMS: We had to carry 90% of them 646 00:41:46,614 --> 00:41:48,916 out on stretchers. 647 00:41:48,916 --> 00:41:52,420 Some of their bones were sticking through their skin. 648 00:41:54,755 --> 00:41:58,225 NARRATOR: Former captives flood the streets, 649 00:41:58,225 --> 00:42:00,428 getting their first sips of freedom... 650 00:42:03,697 --> 00:42:07,568 And their first crack at the all-you-can-eat mess tent. 651 00:42:07,568 --> 00:42:12,373 ♫ ♫ 652 00:42:12,373 --> 00:42:15,142 They begin the long journey home... 653 00:42:17,044 --> 00:42:19,280 Lucky to be alive. 654 00:42:19,280 --> 00:42:24,151 ♫ ♫ 655 00:42:24,151 --> 00:42:27,254 More than a quarter of western allied pows 656 00:42:27,254 --> 00:42:29,356 died in captivity. 657 00:42:31,325 --> 00:42:34,995 Japan planned to execute the rest-- 658 00:42:34,995 --> 00:42:36,564 all these men-- 659 00:42:36,564 --> 00:42:39,300 once the land invasion began. 660 00:42:42,203 --> 00:42:45,105 Some had dug their own mass graves. 661 00:42:48,843 --> 00:42:50,244 KANDLER: We talked about 662 00:42:50,244 --> 00:42:54,615 what we were going to do when we got home... 663 00:42:54,615 --> 00:42:59,220 Who we couldn’t wait to see... 664 00:42:59,220 --> 00:43:02,156 And how all the problems of normal life 665 00:43:02,156 --> 00:43:05,192 could never bother us again-- 666 00:43:05,192 --> 00:43:07,461 not after what we’d been through. 667 00:43:07,461 --> 00:43:17,872 ♫ ♫ 668 00:43:17,872 --> 00:43:23,744 REDDING: We picked up over a thousand military personnel. 669 00:43:23,744 --> 00:43:26,380 The ship was so crowded. 670 00:43:26,380 --> 00:43:29,049 But nobody complained. 671 00:43:29,049 --> 00:43:31,151 We were homeward bound. 672 00:43:32,920 --> 00:43:34,755 NARRATOR: They crave family. 673 00:43:36,223 --> 00:43:39,760 JACK LENT: My mother thought I had been killed. 674 00:43:39,760 --> 00:43:41,095 When I was in Hawaii, 675 00:43:41,095 --> 00:43:44,265 I called her and told her I was fine. 676 00:43:44,265 --> 00:43:46,734 Then I hit the bars and saw the girls. 677 00:43:46,734 --> 00:43:50,471 ♫ ♫ 678 00:43:50,471 --> 00:43:52,439 NARRATOR: They crave the familiar. 679 00:43:54,341 --> 00:43:56,343 REDDING: When we got to San Francisco, 680 00:43:56,343 --> 00:43:59,346 people were throwing flowers. 681 00:43:59,346 --> 00:44:01,315 There was a big sign-- 682 00:44:01,315 --> 00:44:02,950 "welcome home." 683 00:44:02,950 --> 00:44:12,126 ♫ ♫ 684 00:44:12,126 --> 00:44:14,461 NARRATOR: They crave home cooking. 685 00:44:16,230 --> 00:44:17,498 ARTHUR OWEN: In Tarawa, 686 00:44:17,498 --> 00:44:19,400 we ate nothing but crushed pineapple 687 00:44:19,400 --> 00:44:22,503 and canned Vienna sausage. 688 00:44:22,503 --> 00:44:26,440 I ate enough Vienna sausage to make a rope and swing me home. 689 00:44:26,440 --> 00:44:33,047 ♫ ♫ 690 00:44:33,047 --> 00:44:36,617 NARRATOR: Finally, they crave normalcy. 691 00:44:36,617 --> 00:44:39,420 KAY CLEMENTSON: The first thing after I got discharged, 692 00:44:39,420 --> 00:44:41,889 I went straight to a department store. 693 00:44:41,889 --> 00:44:45,326 I bought me a whole suit of civilian clothes, 694 00:44:45,326 --> 00:44:47,094 from head to foot. 695 00:44:47,094 --> 00:44:50,130 And I put it on right there. 696 00:44:50,130 --> 00:44:51,932 Maybe I shouldn’t say this, 697 00:44:51,932 --> 00:44:55,302 but I just took my uniform and dropped it in the garbage 698 00:44:55,302 --> 00:44:57,938 and walked on out. 699 00:44:57,938 --> 00:45:00,040 That was one happy day. 700 00:45:00,040 --> 00:45:01,575 ♫ ♫ 701 00:45:06,180 --> 00:45:08,182 JOHN RICH: The trains were running. 702 00:45:11,151 --> 00:45:13,120 And the streetcars were running. 703 00:45:14,388 --> 00:45:16,490 The Japanese were very busy. 704 00:45:18,892 --> 00:45:24,331 NARRATOR: A new Japan begins to rise out of the rubble. 705 00:45:24,331 --> 00:45:27,001 MacArthur guides the occupation 706 00:45:27,001 --> 00:45:30,137 without appearing as an overlord. 707 00:45:30,137 --> 00:45:32,039 MACARTHUR: I advised the Japanese people 708 00:45:32,039 --> 00:45:33,507 to seek a healthy blend 709 00:45:33,507 --> 00:45:37,778 between the best of theirs and the best of ours. 710 00:45:37,778 --> 00:45:39,747 NARRATOR: He opens civil liberties... 711 00:45:42,449 --> 00:45:44,451 And religious freedoms 712 00:45:44,451 --> 00:45:47,588 beyond the deep traditions of shinto and buddhism. 713 00:45:50,357 --> 00:45:54,461 He also floods the country with ten million free bibles. 714 00:45:54,461 --> 00:45:59,433 ♫ ♫ 715 00:45:59,433 --> 00:46:03,170 Baseball is already a pastime both countries enjoy. 716 00:46:05,205 --> 00:46:06,740 Macarthur’s own home movies 717 00:46:06,740 --> 00:46:11,078 capture his wife Jean taking in a Japanese ballgame. 718 00:46:13,047 --> 00:46:16,083 Once, she even throws out the first pitch. 719 00:46:19,953 --> 00:46:23,624 The uso reaches its final stage, 720 00:46:23,624 --> 00:46:27,394 with Danny Kaye playing it up for occupation troops. 721 00:46:27,394 --> 00:46:34,802 ♫ ♫ 722 00:46:34,802 --> 00:46:36,670 Markets get busier. 723 00:46:36,670 --> 00:46:43,310 ♫ ♫ 724 00:46:43,310 --> 00:46:45,012 People get friendlier. 725 00:46:45,012 --> 00:46:48,982 ♫ ♫ 726 00:46:48,982 --> 00:46:51,919 A new openness slowly blossoms. 727 00:46:51,919 --> 00:47:00,294 ♫ ♫ 728 00:47:00,294 --> 00:47:03,997 MacArthur allows hirohito to remain emperor. 729 00:47:03,997 --> 00:47:07,000 He goes from recluse to public figure. 730 00:47:07,000 --> 00:47:11,271 ♫ ♫ 731 00:47:11,271 --> 00:47:14,007 Kids who would not dare look him in the eye 732 00:47:14,007 --> 00:47:16,577 now surround him with cheers. 733 00:47:16,577 --> 00:47:21,682 ♫ ♫ 734 00:47:21,682 --> 00:47:24,885 Here, he makes his first visit to Hiroshima 735 00:47:24,885 --> 00:47:26,954 to honor the bomb victims. 736 00:47:26,954 --> 00:47:30,491 ♫ ♫ 737 00:47:30,491 --> 00:47:34,461 It’s December 7, 1947-- 738 00:47:34,461 --> 00:47:37,865 exactly six years after the attack on Pearl Harbor 739 00:47:37,865 --> 00:47:39,933 sparked the pacific war. 740 00:47:39,933 --> 00:47:46,073 ♫ ♫ 741 00:47:46,073 --> 00:47:48,809 ANNOUNCER: Japan, the land of Fuji-San, 742 00:47:48,809 --> 00:47:52,379 is one of the most interesting of all countries to visit. 743 00:47:52,379 --> 00:47:55,015 NARRATOR: To help the rebuilding effort, 744 00:47:55,015 --> 00:47:57,351 America begins encouraging travel 745 00:47:57,351 --> 00:47:59,953 to the country it just defeated. 746 00:47:59,953 --> 00:48:03,690 Tourism brings cash and cultural exchange-- 747 00:48:03,690 --> 00:48:05,926 two things they hope can bring Japan 748 00:48:05,926 --> 00:48:08,996 into the family of free nations. 749 00:48:08,996 --> 00:48:13,767 Travel films promise a land of exotic sights and sounds. 750 00:48:13,767 --> 00:48:18,438 (singing in japanese) 751 00:48:18,438 --> 00:48:23,510 But with enough western touches to attract the skittish. 752 00:48:23,510 --> 00:48:27,514 Tourism is the new post-war propaganda. 753 00:48:27,514 --> 00:48:30,050 The message may be pandering, 754 00:48:30,050 --> 00:48:32,052 but it does hint at the promise. 755 00:48:34,288 --> 00:48:45,632 ♫ ♫ 756 00:48:45,632 --> 00:48:48,368 From the edges of a vast ocean... 757 00:48:50,304 --> 00:48:54,107 And from the ashes of its great cataclysm... 758 00:48:55,375 --> 00:48:58,011 New generations will begin bridging 759 00:48:58,011 --> 00:48:59,813 the great pacific divide. 760 00:49:02,583 --> 00:49:04,451 But for this generation, 761 00:49:04,451 --> 00:49:07,654 it will never again be the peaceful sea. 762 00:49:07,654 --> 00:49:14,094 ♫ ♫ 763 00:49:14,094 --> 00:49:18,899 KOBAYASHI HIROYASU: I wonder what war is. 764 00:49:18,899 --> 00:49:22,803 I wonder why we did it. 765 00:49:22,803 --> 00:49:27,207 I’m not talking about victory or loss. 766 00:49:27,207 --> 00:49:32,880 I merely feel heartbroken for those who died. 767 00:49:32,880 --> 00:49:36,350 However much you’re glorified, 768 00:49:36,350 --> 00:49:39,386 if you’re dead, that’s it. 769 00:49:39,386 --> 00:49:48,161 ♫ ♫ 770 00:49:48,161 --> 00:49:49,930 GEORGE HAGGERTY: People always say, 771 00:49:49,930 --> 00:49:51,865 this movie was realistic... 772 00:49:51,865 --> 00:49:56,169 ♫ ♫ 773 00:49:56,169 --> 00:49:58,472 Or that movie was not. 774 00:50:00,974 --> 00:50:04,111 War is something you don’t get in any movie. 775 00:50:07,648 --> 00:50:10,684 The pungent odor of decaying bodies... 776 00:50:14,621 --> 00:50:17,791 The constant clatter of automatic weapons... 777 00:50:21,128 --> 00:50:23,063 Suspenseful waiting... 778 00:50:26,566 --> 00:50:30,203 Then the impact of whispering artillery shells... 779 00:50:33,206 --> 00:50:36,243 Screams of the wounded and dying... 780 00:50:40,714 --> 00:50:43,583 The overwhelming smell of gunpowder... 781 00:50:43,583 --> 00:50:48,355 ♫ ♫ 782 00:50:48,355 --> 00:50:51,325 You don’t get any of that in a movie. 783 00:50:51,325 --> 00:50:56,563 ♫ ♫ 64911

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