All language subtitles for BBC.Seven.Wonders.Of.The.Industrial.World.6of7.The.Line.DivX6.AC3-MVGroup

BBC Seven Wonders Of The Industrial World

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This is the true story of a line,
two thousand miles long.

A line that united
a nation and tore it apart.

The more lndians we can kill today

the fewer we will have
to be killed in the next war.

Will someone go over there
and help my men.

A line that crossed the wilderness
and turned it in to the wild west.

For every worker who dies in that
accident, we lose four in a shoot out.

A line that fought men, and mountains.

There`s a lot of men
buried under those rocks.

You can`t build a railroad
under fifty feet of snow.

lt was the greatest line
the world had ever built.

No one in the world,
no one can do it as well as we do.

lt`s not simply tracks
for a railroad we`re laying.

We did it damn it.

lt`s the foundation for
a magnificent highway of cities.

We have finished the job that
Christopher Columbus started.

lt was the world`s first
transcontinental railroad.

ln 1863 the United States
was falling apart.

North and South were
divided by civil war.

East and West by the wilderness.

The young nation stood
on the brink of collapse.

But at the height of the conflict

President Lincoln issued
a remarkable challenge.

He called upon America`s
finest engineers to build a railroad.

lt would run from the Atlantic
to the Pacific.

lt would have to climb fast mountain

ranges across hundreds of miles
of desert and prairie.

lt would have to bridge canyons a mile
wide and chasms a thousand feet deep.

This will be a work of giants.

And Uncle Sam is the only giant
we know who can grapple the subject.

lt would be the world`s first
transcontinental railroad.

But this challenge was not taken up
by the giants of industry,

nor in the industrial
powerhouse of the east.

The world`s first transcontinental
railroad began in the far west,

in the small California
township of Sacramento.

On the morning of January 8th 1863 the
entire population of thirteen thousand

turned up for the inauguration

as the President`s challenge was taken
up by four local shopkeepers, a grocer,

a draper and
the owners of a hardware store.

We`re all self-made men
who er came out here from back east.

Well none of us have any experience of
building a railroad or, or running one.

But we know how to run a business
and we know how to manage men.

People in the state have been crying
for a railroad for some time,

and they ought to have one.

And by God, we plan to give them one.

And so the grocer
Leland Stanford shovelled

the first earth of
the transcontinental railroad.

Four California shopkeepers
had given birth to Lincoln`s dream.

And advance with giant strides

the prosperity of our state
and of our country.

The shopkeepers stood to make millions
of dollars in government grants.

But they wouldn`t get a cent until they
had laid the first forty miles of track.

And they lacked almost
everything needed to get started.

The west coast was
an industrial desert.

There is no industry in the west,
this is it.

We`re a repair shop.

The draper Charles Crocker had
been appointed head of construction,

and he faced a major problem of supply.

When it comes to building a railroad,
it all comes from the east.

The locomotives, rail stock,
iron, steel, gunpowder and men.

Everything had to come by sea,
a four month,

fourteen thousand mile voyage
around the southern tip of America,

the worst seas in the world.

And the civil war
had added to the dangers.

Southern warships attacked the supply
vessels on the long route to California,

freight charges were crippling.

The shopkeepers desperately
needed money from government.

But to get it they had to complete
those first forty miles of track.

And just a few miles outside Sacramento

they confronted the highest mountains
ever faced by a railroad.

The Sierra Nevada rises to
over fourteen thousand feet.

Settlers from the east had to cross

this final barrier in to
California by wagon train.

Lost in this mountain

vastness many of the early pioneers
had died of cold and hunger.

Others resorted to
cannibalism to survive.

lt`s the strongest case
we could have for building a railroad.

l mean tens of thousands
of people have died

trying to cross this country
by wagon train.

God there has to be a better way.

No one had ever attempted
to build a railroad this high.

But the shopkeepers
had one major asset.

Theodore Judah was the greatest
railroad engineer in America.

But his plans to build a railroad

over the Sierras had earned him
a new title, Crazy Judah.

Well if it`s crazy to say

that a locomotive can climb a mountain
l stand condemned

and you may have me let off
and confined to an asylum but,

but you know a railroad can go
where a man or a mule can not,

provided you find the
right route for it.

When an engineer looks at a mountain
he sees a series of loops

and curves that follow
the contour rather like a river.

There will be obstacles of course that
they require a bridge or a tunnel and,

well l, l`ve calculated that we will need
up to, well fifty bridges between here,

just to get up to the summit and
then some thirteen or fourteen tunnels.

Judah had drawn
the route through the Sierras.

The hundred and twenty miles over some
of the toughest terrain in the world,

reaching a height of
seven thousand feet.

But others had to build it.

That would require thousands of men
and tonnes of gunpowder.

To lead the workforce Crocker hired

the toughest construction
boss on the west coast,

James Harvey Strobridge.

Strobridge who had lost
his eye in a powder blast

enforced a crew discipline
backed by a pick axe handle

he used as his persuader
and a legendary profanity.

Come on now get your ass up there,
let`s go.

Come on get a move on that wagon there,
for Christ`s sakes.

Come on.

He has a way of persuading people
to see his point of view,

that`s what l hired him for
and that`s what he does.

Alright let`s go, come on now
get this stuff up the hill, let`s go.

Come on get it up here.

Be careful, spark
and we`re all gonners.

Now watch what you`re doing there now.

You lrish bastard, get your god damn
ass down here and bring me up that wagon,

you`re dirty piece of shit.

Now come on, fill this
thing up, let`s go.

You can not talk to these men as
gentlemen because they`re not gentlemen.

There as mere brutes as you can get.

But these men too had a dream,

and it wasn`t the same as
Abe Lincoln`s or the shopkeeper`s.

lt`s the dream of the goldmines.

These people make enough
to stake themselves

with shovels and
picks and they`re gone.

Mr Strobridge does his best to
persuade them of their foolishness

but er if they want to leave,
they`re going to leave.

Let`s go you over here come on.

And they did leave,
in their hundreds to dig for gold.

The shopkeepers faced ruin.

There`d be times that
l`ve thought about giving up

the whole thing for a clean shirt
and a freedom of debt.

Without a workforce the shopkeepers
had no way of laying

the vital forty miles of track, and
unlocking the government treasure chest.

Then in the Spring of 1864
the seas brought an unexpected bounty.

Fleeing from famine in their homeland

thousands of Chinese immigrants
had arrived in San Francisco.

As an experiment Crocker recruited fifty
of these newcomers to work on the railroad.

But he encountered fierce opposition.

l will not force Chinese labour.

They are nothing but a bunch of
heathen weaklings and from

what l have seen they are not fit
for the most menial job of work,

and they sure as hell
can`t build a railroad.

l`ve explained to Mr Strobridge
he needs to give these men a chance.

They`ve built the Great Wall of China,
why not the Pacific railroad?

The Chinese deserved
Crocker`s confidence,

they worked harder and faster than
the Europeans and for less pay.

Soon there were thousands of them.

They are a great army, laying siege
to nature in her strongest citadel,

the rugged mountains look
like stupendous anthills,

they swarm with Chinese
workers tunnelling,

wheeling, carting, drilling
and blasting the rocks and earth.

The Chinese were also laying track.

For the first time

passenger trains were running deep
in to the foothills of the Sierras.

ln the Summer of 1865 the shopkeepers
finally broke through the forty mile mark

and unlocked millions of dollars
in government aid.

But they had taken over two years
to lay just forty miles of track,

and they were about to enter
the greatest race in railroad history.

Two thousand miles to the east
a mighty power had been unleashed.

The civil war was over, all the wealth
and industry of the victims was now

harnessed to building
a railroad to the Pacific.

ln 1866 on the plains of Nebraska
thousands of ex-soldiers waited

at the end of the line for the man

who would lead them in to this new war,
with the wilderness.

He was one of the youngest
generals in the civil war

and the finest railroad
engineer of his generation.

His name was Grenville Dodge.

A year ago we were killing
each other in the civil war.

Praise God we are now united
in a single purpose.

This will be a great national
work transcending in magnitude

anything yet attempted by man,

well l believe this will be the
making of the United States of America.

With the war over Congress
had upped the stakes.

As well as money for
every mile of track laid

they were now giving
twelve thousand acres of land.

The railroad that built furthest and
fastest would own a huge slice of America.

Within a month of Dodge`s arrival the
railroad had advanced forty miles west.

Special supply trains ferried men
and materials up to the rail head

where the tracks were laid
with military precision.

These men can lay a length a track
in just half a minute.

That`s about the time

it takes a highly trained gun
crew to load and fire a field gun.

Done.

But Dodge`s army was about
to fight its first major battle.

At every railhead a vast city of tents
sprang up on the prairie.

lt catered for almost every need of the
workers, including drink, gambling and women

And with the gamblers and
the girls came the gun men.

The railroad had given birth
to the Wild West.

This was a hell on wheels,
a hot bed of vice, violence and death.

lt suckered in the free spending rail
workers and sent them out in coffins.

Angered and alarmed by the killings
Dodge risked a secret visit.

First place we visited was a dance hall

where some fresh strumpets
had just been received.

The vulgarity, the profanity,

the indecency would disgust
any God fearing man or woman.

These people are good for nothing, beside
drinking, gambling, whoring and brawling.

Most if not all of these
creatures are squatters.

On land granted by Congress
to the railroad.

Land that was intended to be leased
to decent hardworking Christians,

farmers and their families.

lf we let this anarchy continue
that will not happen.

Dodge had to do something,
and he had just the man to do it.

Dodge`s enforcer as labour boss was
Jack Casement, known as the Cossack,

he was a ruthless disciplinarian
with an explosive temper,

and he was incensed
by the toll on his workforce.

For every worker who dies in an
accident we lose four in a shoot out.

That is not a figure
we`re prepared to tolerate.

Arming two hundred of his rail workers
Casement set off on a mission.

Civil law is nonexistent.

The only sure preventative
is marshal law.

There were dead bodies all over.

They fired right in to the crowd, the
railroad thinks they`re law around here.

They treat us like animals.

l`ve seen men going down, women too.

l saw the boss man from the railroad.

He looked like a Cossack,
with his hat and his whip.

There was a whole load of railroad men

packing pieces disputing
the toss with the gaming boys.

A whole crew of them came out
in to the street cutting up a ruckus.

And l hear someone shout, open fire.

l gave the orders to Jack Casement
to clean up the town,

when l spoke to him after a while,
after the event,

he says General,
they all died with their boots on.

And Joesrth has been quiet ever since,

as far as l`m concerned
the subject is now closed,

we can get on with building a railroad.

Lynch law had come to the Midwest,
and it was here to stay.

But the prairies harboured a greater
peril than gunmen and gamblers.

And it drew closer with every mile
the railroad advanced to the west.

Within six months of Dodge`s
arrival the Union Pacific

had laid two hundred
and fifty miles of track,

worth five million dollars
in government grants.

Far to the west, after
almost three years,

the shopkeepers were still
stuck in the mountains,

just eighty miles
from their start point.

The Chinese workers were at home
on the perilous rock face.

But the gunpowder they were using
was just not powerful enough.

With the other railroad
racing across the prairies

the shopkeepers desperately
needed to force the pace.

Strobridge decided to try
a dangerous experiment.

lt`s safe enough, we have a chemist, an
Englishman, fixes his stuff up on site.

Nitro-glycerine, with eight times
more power than gunpowder,

but notoriously unstable.

When he`s mixed it, well you wouldn`t
want to go shaking the bottle.

He say, they pull out seven bodies,

some hands, some legs,
a few men are still missing.

He say one of the dead man
was his older brother.

Our average daily progress
is twelve inches, twelve inches a day

that`s how long it takes us to drill
and blast through this rock.

We`ve got to do better than that.

There`s a lot of men buried under
those rocks, good men.

Bury the stuff.

Now it`s back to packed powder
and twelve inches a day.

At this rate we`ll be in Nevada
by the end of the century.

The shopkeepers` dreams of riches were
being buried on the slopes of the Sierras.

After three years they were still
twenty miles short of the summit.

Beyond lay a fortune
in government grants and real estate.

But first they had
to beat the mountain.

Dodge meanwhile had advanced three
hundred miles from his start point.

He was now deep in to lndian territory,
and facing his greatest challenge.

The Sioux and Cheyenne were two of
the most warlike tribes in America

and the railroad threatened
their way of life.

The sight of these iron monsters

hurtling across their homeland
was both alien and alarming.

They fought back with a fury

that struck terror in to
every railroad worker in the Midwest.

On the night of August 27th 1867

a supply train was heading
westward across the prairies.

About four miles out from the rail
depot at Plum Creek in Nebraska,

the engineers saw a fire on the tracks.

Out of the smoke two men
came running towards them.

lndians coming.

Get on the back cart.

The train ahead had been
derailed by the Cheyenne,

and the wrecked engine
had caused a fire.

The war party could still
be heard in the darkness.

The rescuers fled from the scene taking
the terrified survivors with them.

l looked out of the window
and l see this, this,

this whole pass of lndians out there.

They, they was riding
alongside locomotive,

you know firing,
shooting their rifles at it,

and er, and we was going full chisel,
engineers he`s trying to outrun them.

Er, and all of a sudden we,
we, we were in a heat you know.

l didn`t see what happened
to the engineer or the fireman.

l don`t reckon they stand
much of a chance back there.

Of the twelve victims of
the ambush seven were still missing.

The train sought refuge
at Plum Creek depot.

lsolated the handful of men
prepared for attack.

But instead of the Cheyenne
daybreak brought a different sight.

He was the sole survivor
of the missing men.

And he was carrying
his own scalp in his hand.

By noon Grenville Dodge had arrived
at a scene of carnage.

Seven dead, five
linemen shot and scalped.

An engineer and a rail
man burnt to death.

This is a war.

We have got to clear the damned lndians
out or give up building the railroad.

The massacre at Plum Creek spread
panic throughout the railroad.

The march westward
came to a dramatic halt.

Meanwhile up in the mountains the
shopkeepers confronted their own killers.

Frequent avalanches swept all
before them equipment, track and men.

They were blowing out tree stumps
and a portion of snow fell on them.

l don`t know how many are dead,
we don`t keep track of them.

To tell you the truth l don`t know

who they are when they`re alive
let alone when they`re dead.

We`re sending the bodies back to China.

Well that`s the deal
we had with the agents.

They got a right to be buried
where they came from.

That`s about all we can do.

As blizzards swept across the mountains
the shopkeepers floundered in the drifts.

The death toll rose even higher.

Down on the prairie Dodge too
was counting his dead.

Seven bodies were recovered from
the train wreck at Plum Creek.

This is a savage useless waste of life,

if it continues at this present rate
we`ll have no one left to build a railroad.

ln the wake of the killings the
railroad was in constant fear of attack.

Workers were ordered
to carry guns at all times.

For Dodge, a veteran of
the conflict between the states,

this war had become personal.

l`ve fought in the late conflict,
l saw many good men killed and wounded.

Never did l see anything
to cause me to hate my enemy.

l have seen what they do
when they kill a man.

This is a different kind of war,

there is no room in this land for us
and them and that`s about it.

For Dodge nothing must stand
in the way of the railroad.

He began a process

that would lead to one of the bloodiest
chapters in American history.

Dodge used the power of the railroad
to launch a war of annihilation.

To fight it the government sent in
one of the most ruthless generals

in the Federal Army,
William Tekomsay Sherman.

Sherman, the man
who raised Atlanta to the ground

and burned a swathe through Georgia
to win victory in the civil war.

l have six companies of cavalry,

and General Custer is coming
from the Smoke Hill route.

The more lndians we can kill today

the fewer will have to be killed
in the next war.

But the more l see of them
the more l am convinced

that they will all have to be killed,
or maintained as a species of pauper.

We must act with vindictive earnestness
against the Sioux and the Cheyenne,

to the point of their
very extermination.

Men, women and children.

For Sherman there would be
no compromise and no mercy.

The first task was to hunt down
the Cheyenne war party

that had attacked the train
at Plum Creek and killed the seven men.

A number of prisoners were taken,

one of them a Cheyenne
warrior called Porcupine,

he gave a first hand
account of the incident.

We said among ourselves now
the white people have taken all we had,

we are to do something.

lf we can throw these wagons off the
iron they run upon and break them open

we should find what is in them and can
take whatever might be useful to us.

We cut down one of the big sticks
that stand by the track,

and just before sundown
we tied it to the rails

and sat down to watch
what would happen.

Then looking east we saw small light
close to the horizon,

someone said the
morning star has risen.

We sent men on the best horses
along the track to yell

and shoot in the hope
that they might frighten it.

But it kept going until it hit
the sticks we had put on the track.

The railroad is death to us.

When the people hear the sound of
the bell on the iron horse they mourn.

lt is the signal that the life
they have known is over.

lt was over.

Sherman and the army would drive the native
Americans out of the path of the railroad.

Every mile further west would be
laid over the grave of their homeland.

Dodge`s Union Pacific was now in Wyoming,
five hundred miles from its start point.

While in the mountains
the shopkeepers were approaching

the highest point of their route
across the Sierras.

They were now running trains
high in to the mountains,

helped by the invention of
small pilot wheels or bogeys

that enabled the locomotives to twist
and turn with the contours of the track.

As they climbed the mountain
threw more obstacles in their path.

The route was severed by deep chasms.

Too deep for conventional bridges.

So the engineers built wooden trestles,
hundreds of feet tall.

The largest wooden
structures ever built.

But the worst problem was
above the snow line.

This winter we had
forty four snow storms,

varying from a small squall
to a two week blizzard.

February 18th we had six feet of snow,
the drifts had measured up to fifty feet.

You can`t build a railroad
under fifty feet of snow.

And you sure as hell
can`t run a train through it.

For six months of the year
the track was blocked with snow.

The engineers had a solution.

To run the trains under the snow.

On the worst stretches of track they built
long wooden sheds angled in to the mountain

to keep the rails clear of drifts.

As the snow melted it caused major
problems for Dodge down on the plains.

Normally placid rivers
turned in to raging torrents,

sweeping away miles
of track and trestle.

And then came the rain.

Sandbags were all that stood
between Dodge and disaster.

The river has taken
a hundred feet of trestle,

and if we don`t shore up the bank
it will take as many miles of track.

l`ve never seen a winter like this.

We`ve had temperatures
as low as minus forty degrees.

Hundreds of miles of track
have been destroyed by frost.

And now with the thaw we get this.

The weather had stopped
Dodge in his tracks.

And he was about to face a financial
storm that would make his problems

with the weather pale
in to insignificance.

Up in the mountains the shopkeepers were
just a few hundred feet from the summit.

Beyond they had a clear run across
hundreds of miles of mountain plateau,

Worth millions of dollars
in government grants.

But those few hundred feet would be
the worst along the entire route.

They had to tunnel through
sixteen hundred feet of solid granite.

The burden fell on
the Chinese labourers.

They tackled it from
both sides of the mountain.

Toiling in shifts around the clock.

working and even sleeping
seven thousand feet above sea level.

They sleep in cabins
buried under the snow.

With er tunnels,
they`re more like burrows

that link them to wherever the hell
it is they have to get to work.

They stay there all winter,
never see the light of day.

The long suffering
Chinese finally cracked.

They went on strike.

For once Strobridge was on their side.

Now if you don`t go in there and negotiate
this thing is coming to a standstill.

l`ve got four hundred men
that have already stopped.

There is no plans to negotiate.

There`s only one man running
this railroad, by God it`s not them.

You`re not listening
to what l`m saying.

You either put this to an end
or l`m out with them.

Strobridge was now
the voice of moderation.

But Crocker was determined
to starve the men back to work.

Greed had made the
shopkeepers ruthless.

The race to unite America had been
transformed in to a race for riches.

Down on the plains greed was about to
plunge the Union Pacific in to a scandal

which threatened to bring
the entire venture crashing to a halt.

Unknown to Dodge the railroad
was being robbed by its own directors.

Behind the fraud was the rail baron
Dr Thomas Durant, a supreme salesman.

Durant had raised millions

by bringing potential investors
on joyrides to the Wild West.

lt`s not just simply tracks
for a railroad we`re laying.

lt`s the foundation for
a magnificent highway of cities.

Cities that will make
the United States of America

the richest and
most powerful nation in the world.

But Durant`s patriotic fervour
hid a spectacular fraud.

And it was about to be exposed.

The scandal was first uncovered by
a freelance journalist Charles Adams.

Well by law all the construction, labour,
the materials from the um the timbers,

the locomotives, the ore for the grating,
it all has to go out to private tender.

Which is to say to
independent contractors

who are supposed to bid with
each other to keep the cost down.

But Adams had discovered that
instead of going to different companies

the contracts were going to just one,
the Credit Mobille.

And just who do you suppose
owns the Credit Mobille?

Why the good doctor Durant,

and a handful of shareholders who also
happen to be directors of the railroad.

Posing as a legitimate
contractor Durant and

his partners were illegally charging the
government double what it needed to pay.

For every mile of track
that`s laid twenty thousand dollars

finds its way to Doctor Durant
and his shareholders.

Now over the course of the rail this
adds up to many, many millions of dollars.

lt`s a swindle.

This is perhaps the greatest swindle
ever perpetrated on the American people,

and that congress can stand by
and allow this to happen is,

really is a little short of incredible.

lt would be some years before
the American people discovered

that congress too was
in Durant`s pocket.

But the exposure of the Credit Mobille had
had an immediate impact at the railhead.

l will not allow my men
to be directed by a man

who has not an honest
drop of blood in his veins,

and is connected to the railroad for
the sole purpose of bleeding it dry.

Dodge threatened to quit, unless Durant
gave up his role in the construction.

High in the Sierras Crocker`s
tactics had paid off.

Starved of supplies
the strikers returned to work.

Only a few feet of rock now
separated the two sections of tunnel

in the heart of the mountain.

Finally after five years
the light at the end of the tunnel.

After digging in opposite direction
for over sixteen hundred feet

the tunnels were
just two inches out of line.

We did it damn it, damn it we did it.

The completion of the summit tunnel was
a watershed in the shopkeepers` fortunes.

The worst was now behind them.

Regular train services were now
running through the Sierras.

At last there was an alternative
to the wagon trains.

Men, women and children would
no longer die crossing the mountains.

But the race was not over yet.

There was still hundreds of miles of
wilderness between the two railroads.

The Union Pacific was
still mired in scandal.

With the men idle Durant had no option
but to agree to Dodge`s demands.

The affair has been settled amicably.

l have no further comment to make.

Dodge could now get on
with building the railroad.

The two routes were fast converging,

and congress finally drew a line where
they would meet, Promontory Point in Utah.

lt now became a race not
for money but for prestige.

Who would be the first to reach
the finishing post?

ln the twelve months after
breaking through the Sierras,

Crocker`s Chinese labourers laid three
hundred miles of track across Nevada.

We`ve now got this track
laying down to an exact science.

There`s no where in the world, no
one, not the French, not the British,

not even Grenville Dodge
can do it as well as we do.

The shopkeepers were now racing
across the salt flats of Utah.

And Dodge was heading through the
one gap he had found in the Rockies.

After six years
they were just fifty miles apart,

and racing flat out
for the finishing post.

Close to their goal the Chinese
labourers set an historic record.

ln a single day they laid
an astonishing ten miles of track.

Dodge too was setting
a remarkable pace.

The two companies were neck and neck,
anyone could win.

On April 30th 1869 a single train crossed
the finishing line at Promontory Point.

Six years and seven hundred miles

after spreading the first shovel
of earth in Sacramento

the shopkeepers had reached their goal.

We`re now waiting on the Union Pacific,

l have been reliably informed
they`ve been delayed by rain.

lt would be two days before the Union
Pacific finally arrived at Promontory.

On May 10th 1869 the two rival
companies were face to face.

A single length of track apart,
at the end of the line.

And in a symbolic gesture of unity that
last length of track was laid by a team,

from each railroad.

Done.

l can`t believe we did it.

l know we did it, hell l was
there for the best part of it.

But damn l don`t know how we did it.

l know we would have never done it
if it hadn`t been for these men.

And l don`t forget

that l was opposed to the notion of
employing them in the first place.

This railroad, this nation
owes these men a great debt,

and l sure as hell hope we don`t
forget it, because l know l won`t.

Where we`re standing now
l feel in a sense it was nothing here

but the path of wild deer.

And now a thousand wheels roll,

on their axles will be carried
the wealth of half the world.

l think by this day`s work we`ve changed
the commerce and finance of the whole world.

We have finished the job
that Christopher Columbus started.

What had started as a shovel of earth

in a small town in California had become
the world`s first transcontinental railroad.

lt had taken six years, claimed
the lives of over two thousand men,

and changed the course
of American history.

But a single line of
track now stretched

across America from
the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Two thousand miles of wilderness
have been opened to settlement.

A journey which had taken
six months by wagon train

and cost the lives of tens of thousands
of immigrants could now

be completed in just seven days.

Lincoln was dead
but his dream was a reality.

lt was now truly
the United States of America.

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