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[Narrator] This is the tale
of Bartholomew Roberts,
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the improbable pirate king.
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Captured at sea and forced
into a life of crime,
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he swiftly embraces
outlaw life,
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transforming from regular
sailor to a pirate captain.
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[Historian] From Africa
to the Americas and back again,
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he doesn't settle in one base.
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He seems to exemplify this idea
that pirates are "of the sea."
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[Narrator] In an epic
three-year spree,
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he plundered 400 ships
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and assembled one
of the fiercest pirate fleets
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the world had ever seen.
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[Author] Bartholomew Roberts
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might be the most successful
pirate in history.
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[Narrator]
For a few bloody years,
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Bartholomew Roberts
reigned supreme,
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but these were the dying days
of the Golden Age of Piracy.
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? ?
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[birds twittering]
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[Richard Blakemore] Roberts
is from a small Welsh village
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called Casnewydd Bach
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near Abergwaun in Pembrokeshire.
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And he's born
into a seafaring family
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and probably goes to sea early,
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as many people
from that region did.
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[Iszi Lawrence]
He was in the merchant navy.
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It was hard work.
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You were barely paid,
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and if you were paid,
it wasn't very much at all.
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[Narrator] The young Roberts
grew accustomed to hard labor,
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low wages,
and grisly conditions.
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Roberts is now third mate
aboard the Princess,
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an English slave ship.
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? ?
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Several ships are
spotted on the horizon.
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Are they fellow
merchant vessels?
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Or pirates seeking
their next prize?
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The Princess
is only lightly armed,
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no match for
battle-tested outlaws.
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A flag is identified.
The pirates are coming.
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[Lawrence] Fleeing is
probably not an option.
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Those ships are probably
much faster in the water
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and more maneuverable because
they'll be smaller boats,
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and they do not want to fight.
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Fighting is incredibly
dangerous at sea.
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There's no guarantee
that you will survive it.
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So, the captain
of the Princess surrenders,
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and at this point,
he is at the mercy
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of the captain
of these two pirate vessels.
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[Narrator] The captain
of the pirate fleet
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steps aboard the Princess
and announces himself
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as the famed outlaw
Howell Davis.
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He seeks men to join his crew.
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More than 30
willingly volunteer,
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but not Roberts.
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He wants no part of piracy, but
he's forced aboard their ship.
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[Lawrence] It's unlikely
he did this willingly.
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I mean, to join a pirate crew,
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you're basically saying
that if anybody catches us,
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which is very likely, we are
going to be hanged as criminals.
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And in order to join
a pirate crew,
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you're basically agreeing
to be a criminal.
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You're throwing your life away.
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You're gonna risk everything.
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And for what?
For your own monetary greed.
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It's not seen
as a noble thing to do.
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[Charles Ewen] We've really
romanticized the pirate life,
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but I think the average pirate
had a miserable life.
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A lot of folks
that went into piracy
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were either pressed into piracy
when their ships were captured,
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some went voluntarily,
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but I think most people
that did piracy
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didn't have much other choice.
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[Narrator] The pirates know a
good sailor when they see one.
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Roberts holds years
of seafaring experience
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and a sturdy reputation
as a fine navigator.
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Although reluctant,
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the Welshman soon warms
to his captors.
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Piracy may not be
as cruel a life
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as he had initially assumed.
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[Lawrence] Now, although
he was forced to board,
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Roberts was actually
very popular.
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It was clear that he was very
good at chatting to people,
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at getting along with them,
and Howell Davis, the captain,
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really liked him because
they both spoke Welsh.
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Howell could confide
with Roberts
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without any difficulty at all
because they spoke a language
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none of the other people
in the crew spoke.
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[Narrator] This shared language
forms the foundation
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of a dangerous friendship.
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Roberts concedes.
He's a pirate now.
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Dropping his common name, John,
he adopts a suitable alias.
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The moniker
Bartholomew Roberts
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will soon send a shiver of fear
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through seafaring men
the world over.
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[Lawrence] Already, Roberts
has changed his name.
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He's no longer John Roberts.
He is Bartholomew Roberts.
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Giving yourself an alias means
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it might be easier to slip away
and escape persecution,
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so lots of pirates
change their names.
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? ?
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[Narrator] And now
Bartholomew Roberts gains
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his first taste
of pirate action.
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Howell Davis plots an assault
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on the Portuguese island
of Pr�ncipe,
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off the west coast
of equatorial Africa.
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His goal-kidnap the governor
and hold him to ransom.
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But rather than risk
a frontal assault
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on the fortified settlement,
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Howell opts
for a shrewder approach.
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[Blakemore] To enter a port,
you have to use a ruse
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to show that you're
a friendly ship.
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The normal way of doing this
is to fly a flag of a nation
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friendly to the port
that you are entering.
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And most ships,
even merchant ships,
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would be carrying
multiple flags.
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So you could fly an English flag
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when you're entering
an English port
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or a French flag when
you're entering a French port.
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[Lawrence] At this time,
when they approach Pr�ncipe,
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which is owned
by the Portuguese,
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Britain and Portugal,
they're rivals,
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but they're not at war.
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They could fly
a flag which says,
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"We're not gonna hurt you.
We're not pirates,"
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when all along
they actually are.
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[Blakemore] There could be
some dangerous consequences
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to carrying these flags
and also paperwork
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in different languages.
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The advantage is that you can
pretend to be, say, French
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if you're attacked
by a French ship.
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But if you're attacked
by an English ship
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and they find French
documentation aboard,
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then you could be
condemned as a prize.
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Your ship could be taken away.
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So it is a very dangerous
game to play,
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although it seems that
most ships are playing it.
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This is an international
system that is abused a lot,
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not just by pirates.
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But it's a really useful
technique for Roberts and Davis
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to use as they're entering
the port at Pr�ncipe.
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[Narrator] With entry
to the port secured,
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Davis sets his sights
on the Portuguese governor.
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He sends the official an
invitation to visit his ship.
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[Lawrence] But the Portuguese
aren't that foolish,
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and they think those look
like pirate ships out there.
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How about instead of you guys
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coming over to us,
come to us first.
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We'll have a bit of wine,
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we'll have a bit of a sit-down,
we'll have a chat,
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and then we'll go over
to your ship, no problem.
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And Howell Davis falls for this.
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[Narrator] Roberts stays
aboard whilst Davis,
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accompanied by a clutch
of loyal pirates, goes ashore,
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heading for
the governor's residence.
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? ?
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Suddenly, the pirates
are surrounded.
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It's a trap.
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[shouting]
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? ?
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? ?
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Minutes later,
Davis and his men are dead.
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[thunder]
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The pirates still have
a ship, but no captain.
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They assemble for a vote.
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[Ewen] One of
the interesting things
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that kind of distinguishes
a pirate ship from, say,
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a merchant vessel
is captains were elected,
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so there was some more
equality amongst pirates
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than there would have been in a
naval or even a merchant vessel.
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[Lawrence] They actually
had a sort of system
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where they had a House of Lords,
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like you get
in the British Parliament,
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and a House of Commons, like you
get in the British Parliament,
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except the Lords in this point
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are all the officers
aboard the ship,
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and the House of Commons,
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they're just
your average seamen.
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[Narrator] According to stories,
they nominate candidates.
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Then every crew member
casts his vote.
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[Lawrence] So, one of
the officers aboard the ship
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proposes Bartholomew Roberts,
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a man who's only been
on board for six weeks,
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to be their leader.
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[Blakemore] I think it speaks
to Roberts' capability
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as a navigator and perhaps also
the force of his personality
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that in that short time,
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he has placed himself to become
the leader of this band of men.
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[Lawrence] They elected
Bartholomew Roberts,
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must have that leadership
quality in him.
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He must be seen as clever
enough for this entire crew
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to go, "That's our man.
We want him to be leading us."
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[Narrator]
But Roberts is reluctant
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to accept the responsibility.
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After all, he only
recently agreed
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to embark
on this life of piracy.
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According to legend,
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he eventually
accepts the promotion,
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claiming that "I have dipped
my hands in muddy water.
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If a pirate I must be,
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'tis better being a commander
than a common man."
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This newly appointed
Captain Roberts
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must now decide, will he avenge
his predecessor's death
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or sail for safer waters?
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[Lawrence] Roberts decides
to take his revenge.
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"Let's go after them.
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Let's get them back
for killing our captain."
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[cannon fire]
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[Narrator] 30 pirates
storm Pr�ncipe.
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[cannon fire]
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Whilst cannons bombard
the fort from the sea,
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they breach the battlements.
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[shouting and fighting]
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[Lawrence] Now
he has the fortress.
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He's able to take whatever
he likes from the Portuguese.
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[shouting]
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What better way of saying,
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"Yeah, you were right
to vote for me"
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than delivering within a day
of being elected captain.
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[Narrator] Buoyed
by his success at Pr�ncipe,
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Roberts fully embraces
his new identity
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along with all of its finery.
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[Blakemore] One thing
we know about Roberts
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is that he's
a very stylish dresser.
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He's said to have worn
a crimson waistcoat,
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matching breeches,
and a plume in his hat.
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[Lawrence] This boy from a
poverty stricken part of Wales,
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he's got now a costume,
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and he struck a really
flamboyant character.
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[Blakemore] He's not hiding
himself as a pirate captain.
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He's setting out
to establish a reputation.
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? ?
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[Narrator] Lusting after
ever grander prizes,
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Roberts decides to leave
West Africa for Brazil,
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the sparkling jewel
in Portugal's imperial crown
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and one of the largest
slave colonies in the world.
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00:12:08,520 --> 00:12:10,799
Throughout the 17th century,
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00:12:10,800 --> 00:12:16,199
enslaved people had cultivated
sugar here on a massive scale.
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But by the opening decades
of the 18th century,
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00:12:19,960 --> 00:12:25,240
an even more valuable commodity
had been discovered-gold.
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00:12:27,440 --> 00:12:30,519
Brazil now harbors more
of this precious metal
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than can be found
anywhere else in the world.
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00:12:34,360 --> 00:12:36,919
Roberts determines
to make his fortune
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00:12:36,920 --> 00:12:41,679
in this alluring treasure
or die trying.
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[Blakemore]
And he spends some time
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00:12:42,920 --> 00:12:44,639
cruising off
the coast of Brazil,
247
00:12:44,640 --> 00:12:46,719
and initially
his luck is not good,
248
00:12:46,720 --> 00:12:48,839
he doesn't encounter
many prizes.
249
00:12:48,840 --> 00:12:51,839
And his crew, getting restless,
he's getting disappointed,
250
00:12:51,840 --> 00:12:54,519
and they're just about
to set course elsewhere
251
00:12:54,520 --> 00:12:58,079
when they encounter a convoy
of 42 Portuguese ships.
252
00:12:58,080 --> 00:13:00,999
This is a jackpot for Roberts.
253
00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:04,039
[Narrator] Roberts is near
the port of Pernambuco,
254
00:13:04,040 --> 00:13:08,039
within striking distance
of a Portuguese treasure fleet
255
00:13:08,040 --> 00:13:12,119
awaiting a military convoy
to escort its gold and silver
256
00:13:12,120 --> 00:13:14,159
back to Lisbon.
257
00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:16,999
[Lawrence] Now, obviously,
some of these ships have guns,
258
00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:19,599
you know, he can't take
the entire fleet.
259
00:13:19,600 --> 00:13:21,999
But the thing is,
he doesn't need to.
260
00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:24,919
He just needs to take
the richest ship.
261
00:13:24,920 --> 00:13:27,679
[Narrator] Direct assault
on a fleet of this size
262
00:13:27,680 --> 00:13:31,519
would almost certainly
mean a miserable death.
263
00:13:31,520 --> 00:13:34,959
But the crew has already
sailed 4,000 miles
264
00:13:34,960 --> 00:13:37,639
with little to show
for their progress,
265
00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:41,639
and Roberts needs a prize.
266
00:13:41,640 --> 00:13:44,199
He raises a Portuguese flag,
267
00:13:44,200 --> 00:13:47,039
orders his men
to conceal themselves,
268
00:13:47,040 --> 00:13:51,080
and drifts into formation
with the Portuguese flotilla.
269
00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:57,279
[Lawrence] It's very easy for
another ship to just infiltrate.
270
00:13:57,280 --> 00:13:59,879
If you're not being aggressive,
why would they even notice you?
271
00:13:59,880 --> 00:14:01,439
They're waiting
for another ship,
272
00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:03,239
you know, you're one
of several boats.
273
00:14:03,240 --> 00:14:04,639
And so he literally slips in
274
00:14:04,640 --> 00:14:09,399
like he's just one
of the Portuguese ships.
275
00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:12,759
[Narrator] Quietly joining
the Portuguese fleet,
276
00:14:12,760 --> 00:14:16,319
Roberts sails for one
of the smaller ships.
277
00:14:16,320 --> 00:14:21,039
? ?
278
00:14:21,040 --> 00:14:26,599
He calls out,
"Surrender or face attack!"
279
00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:30,519
Confounded, the captain
quickly submits.
280
00:14:30,520 --> 00:14:34,639
Dragged from his ship,
he's thrown before Roberts.
281
00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:37,359
[Lawrence] This captain
is given a choice.
282
00:14:37,360 --> 00:14:40,799
Either we kill you
where you're standing
283
00:14:40,800 --> 00:14:44,399
and then attack your ship and
kill your crew before escaping,
284
00:14:44,400 --> 00:14:47,679
or you tell us
which of these vessels
285
00:14:47,680 --> 00:14:52,799
has the most amount
of treasure on board.
286
00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:54,199
Now, the captain at this point
287
00:14:54,200 --> 00:14:56,919
is terrified because obviously
he's heard all the stories
288
00:14:56,920 --> 00:14:58,759
about how brutal pirates can be,
289
00:14:58,760 --> 00:15:02,479
so he immediately points
to this boat.
290
00:15:02,480 --> 00:15:08,079
It's a 40-gun vessel
called the Sagrada Familia.
291
00:15:08,080 --> 00:15:11,519
[Blakemore] This is
a substantial vessel.
292
00:15:11,520 --> 00:15:14,519
It's larger probably
than Robert's own vessel,
293
00:15:14,520 --> 00:15:16,240
but he's not daunted.
294
00:15:17,760 --> 00:15:19,999
[Narrator] Roberts
might be outgunned,
295
00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,280
but the element of surprise
is on his side.
296
00:15:25,600 --> 00:15:30,959
If he's able to rapidly subdue
the mighty Sagrada Familia,
297
00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:34,760
the surrounding ships will be
too stunned to intervene.
298
00:15:34,761 --> 00:15:39,199
[Lawrence] So, Roberts
gambles everything
299
00:15:39,200 --> 00:15:42,039
and decides to trust
this other captain
300
00:15:42,040 --> 00:15:45,399
that the Sagrada Familia
is the ship to go for.
301
00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:46,999
He's only got one shot at this.
302
00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:49,599
The moment that he reveals
to the rest of the fleet
303
00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:52,079
that he's a pirate ship,
they're going to be wary
304
00:15:52,080 --> 00:15:53,359
and he won't get
another chance.
305
00:15:53,360 --> 00:15:55,679
He's got to take
this boat by surprise,
306
00:15:55,680 --> 00:15:57,879
and that's what he does.
307
00:15:57,880 --> 00:16:00,319
[Narrator] Roberts' ship,
the Royal Rover,
308
00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:04,479
sidles up
to the Sagrada Familia.
309
00:16:04,480 --> 00:16:08,679
He calls out, inviting
the captain to come aboard.
310
00:16:08,680 --> 00:16:12,039
But the captain
isn't so easily fooled.
311
00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:14,599
He knows they're pirates.
312
00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:17,159
Roberts orders an attack.
313
00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:21,439
Several volleys of cannon fire
hammer the Portuguese ship.
314
00:16:21,440 --> 00:16:24,559
Grappling hooks
scratch across its decks.
315
00:16:24,560 --> 00:16:26,239
finding purchase.
316
00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:28,199
Pirates begin to board.
317
00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:31,479
Portuguese sailors are
cut down where they stand,
318
00:16:31,480 --> 00:16:35,199
unable to beat back
this furious onslaught.
319
00:16:35,200 --> 00:16:37,119
And within half an hour,
320
00:16:37,120 --> 00:16:42,319
the Sagrada Familia belongs
to Bartholomew Roberts.
321
00:16:42,320 --> 00:16:43,639
[Lawrence] Now,
fortunately for Roberts,
322
00:16:43,640 --> 00:16:46,039
the Sagrada Familia
is easy to break away
323
00:16:46,040 --> 00:16:47,839
from the rest of the fleet.
324
00:16:47,840 --> 00:16:50,239
But he doesn't have time
to check the hold.
325
00:16:50,240 --> 00:16:52,999
He just has to put his men
in charge and get out of there,
326
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:54,440
which is what they do.
327
00:16:54,441 --> 00:16:58,599
They get as far away
from the potential warships
328
00:16:58,600 --> 00:17:01,199
that they know are coming
to defend the fleet.
329
00:17:01,200 --> 00:17:02,399
They get away.
330
00:17:02,400 --> 00:17:06,480
They open up the hold
and see what's inside.
331
00:17:07,991 --> 00:17:12,359
[Narrator] Roberts and his
pirate crew have just seized
332
00:17:12,360 --> 00:17:16,959
the largest treasure galleon
in the Portuguese flotilla.
333
00:17:16,960 --> 00:17:18,559
[Lawrence]
They were not let down.
334
00:17:18,560 --> 00:17:24,440
Inside this ship's hold
were 40,000 silver coins.
335
00:17:27,200 --> 00:17:29,319
It's more than you
could possibly earn
336
00:17:29,320 --> 00:17:30,799
in like a dozen lifetimes.
337
00:17:30,800 --> 00:17:32,879
This is enormous.
338
00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:37,080
And as well as that,
there is exquisite jewelry.
339
00:17:37,081 --> 00:17:40,599
[Blakemore] One of the jewels
that they seize
340
00:17:40,600 --> 00:17:44,479
is a fabulous silver cross,
encrusted with diamonds.
341
00:17:44,480 --> 00:17:47,079
And supposedly Roberts
takes this for himself
342
00:17:47,080 --> 00:17:50,199
and wears it around his neck
for the rest of his life
343
00:17:50,200 --> 00:17:54,239
as a trophy or a token
of this first big haul.
344
00:17:54,240 --> 00:18:01,559
? ?
345
00:18:01,560 --> 00:18:03,359
[Narrator]
Some are eager to enjoy
346
00:18:03,360 --> 00:18:05,719
their newfound fortune
in peace,
347
00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:08,199
wishing to retire
from the constant hazards
348
00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:10,679
of a life at sea.
349
00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:12,879
But Roberts won't hear of it.
350
00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:15,759
He's just getting started.
351
00:18:15,760 --> 00:18:18,559
[Lawrence] Roberts knows
that they can't stop now.
352
00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:22,839
You're still on the run.
You're still part of this crew.
353
00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:27,319
And at this point,
Roberts doesn't want to stop.
354
00:18:27,320 --> 00:18:28,639
He's enjoying this life.
355
00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:33,399
This is the first time
he's had any sort of success.
356
00:18:33,400 --> 00:18:35,559
[Narrator] Now with two ships
at his command,
357
00:18:35,560 --> 00:18:39,119
Roberts leaves Brazilian
waters, sailing north.
358
00:18:39,120 --> 00:18:44,439
His next victim is a sloop,
which he adds to his fleet.
359
00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:46,239
Then as he nears
Devil's Island,
360
00:18:46,240 --> 00:18:49,719
he spots another ship,
a brigantine.
361
00:18:49,720 --> 00:18:51,999
These are swift
and easy to maneuver
362
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:55,400
and therefore
highly prized by pirates.
363
00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:04,239
He boards his new sloop
and gives chase,
364
00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:07,439
leaving most
of his crew behind.
365
00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:10,119
[Lawrence] Now, he'd left a man
called Walter Kennedy in charge,
366
00:19:10,120 --> 00:19:12,199
a trusted person on board.
367
00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:14,679
But Walter was one of these men
who was thinking,
368
00:19:14,680 --> 00:19:17,239
"Well, why go to the West Indies
and risk it anymore?
369
00:19:17,240 --> 00:19:19,559
Let's keep low.
Let's stay quiet."
370
00:19:19,560 --> 00:19:21,639
And while Roberts was away,
371
00:19:21,640 --> 00:19:27,279
he'd managed to convince
half the crew to do just that.
372
00:19:27,280 --> 00:19:30,759
They loaded half the treasure
into a smaller vessel
373
00:19:30,760 --> 00:19:33,759
in with the crew who wanted
to stay with Roberts.
374
00:19:33,760 --> 00:19:35,439
Honor among thieves.
375
00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:40,919
And then they took the Rover and
the Sagrada Familia, and left.
376
00:19:40,920 --> 00:19:44,359
[Narrator] For nine
wind-ravaged days and nights,
377
00:19:44,360 --> 00:19:48,159
Roberts frantically
hunts the brigantine.
378
00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:52,279
Food and water supplies
run dangerously low,
379
00:19:52,280 --> 00:19:55,279
contrary winds
blow him off course.
380
00:19:55,280 --> 00:20:00,399
Eventually, he relents, sailing
for the crew he left behind.
381
00:20:00,400 --> 00:20:06,199
? ?
382
00:20:06,200 --> 00:20:07,559
[Blakemore]
When Roberts returns,
383
00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:10,519
he finds that most of his
wonderful gains have disappeared
384
00:20:10,520 --> 00:20:14,799
and most of his crew
and his larger ship.
385
00:20:14,800 --> 00:20:20,719
So he's left with a small number
of men and a small sloop.
386
00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:22,399
[Narrator] The betrayal
is a brutal blow
387
00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:24,799
to the fledgling captain.
388
00:20:24,800 --> 00:20:27,919
He's just lost many men,
most of his loot,
389
00:20:27,920 --> 00:20:30,959
and much of his prestige.
390
00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:32,839
[Ewen] You did
have to have a captain
391
00:20:32,840 --> 00:20:34,039
that knew what he was doing,
392
00:20:34,040 --> 00:20:36,479
that commanded
the respect of the crew.
393
00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:39,279
They were elected as long
as they were good providers
394
00:20:39,280 --> 00:20:41,959
and they were able
to do a competent job
395
00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:45,239
of finding ships and prizes
and gathering them.
396
00:20:45,240 --> 00:20:48,199
[Narrator] Roberts rallies
the remaining pirates.
397
00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:52,839
It's vital that mutiny never
again threatens his command.
398
00:20:52,840 --> 00:20:54,679
[Blakemore] Roberts seems
to have learned a lesson
399
00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:57,079
because, from here on,
Roberts makes sure
400
00:20:57,080 --> 00:21:00,199
that his men sign articles
binding them to the ship
401
00:21:00,200 --> 00:21:03,999
and providing a set of rules
about how these pirates
402
00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:06,639
are going to behave
while they're part of the crew.
403
00:21:06,640 --> 00:21:08,439
And this is a very
interesting dimension
404
00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:12,320
that has really become part of
pirate lore, the idea of codes.
405
00:21:13,351 --> 00:21:17,319
[Lawrence] Roberts is
one of the few pirates
406
00:21:17,320 --> 00:21:21,119
that we have the actual code
that he had written down.
407
00:21:21,120 --> 00:21:24,359
And this might be a sort of
signal of how seriously Roberts
408
00:21:24,360 --> 00:21:26,879
took the code more
than other pirate captains.
409
00:21:26,880 --> 00:21:28,479
This wasn't something
you could just change
410
00:21:28,480 --> 00:21:30,999
and chop up interchangeably
when it suited you.
411
00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:33,160
Roberts believed in it.
412
00:21:33,511 --> 00:21:37,239
[Blakemore] There's
a variety of rules
413
00:21:37,240 --> 00:21:39,559
covering different aspects
of life aboard a ship.
414
00:21:39,560 --> 00:21:43,119
One says every man shall have
a vote in affairs of moment,
415
00:21:43,120 --> 00:21:45,719
which implies a certain
democratic tendency,
416
00:21:45,720 --> 00:21:47,239
although I think we have
to be very careful there,
417
00:21:47,240 --> 00:21:49,039
because, again,
we know from other evidence
418
00:21:49,040 --> 00:21:50,319
that actually many of the crew
419
00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:52,799
are forced by violence
to join in,
420
00:21:52,800 --> 00:21:55,799
so they probably
don't have a vote.
421
00:21:55,800 --> 00:21:58,919
Another rule says there should
be no fighting aboard ship.
422
00:21:58,920 --> 00:22:00,799
And to settle any disputes,
423
00:22:00,800 --> 00:22:03,119
pirates had to go ashore
and fight a duel.
424
00:22:03,120 --> 00:22:04,679
But we know people
did get into fights,
425
00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:07,090
and this rule may not
always have been observed.
426
00:22:07,431 --> 00:22:10,999
[Lawrence] Roberts
is also really strict
427
00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:14,119
about women and boys on board.
428
00:22:14,120 --> 00:22:18,639
He couldn't have that sort
of sexual jealousy on board.
429
00:22:18,640 --> 00:22:21,039
He says in the rules
that if a woman is on board,
430
00:22:21,040 --> 00:22:23,759
that a man will be placed
in front of her to guard her.
431
00:22:23,760 --> 00:22:28,199
And this goes to show how
scared, I suppose, Roberts was
432
00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:32,679
that infighting would
completely ruin his plans.
433
00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:34,519
[Narrator] In addition
to keeping the peace,
434
00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:37,959
Roberts' pirate code
included articles governing
435
00:22:37,960 --> 00:22:41,119
the working conditions
of the crew.
436
00:22:41,120 --> 00:22:43,399
[Blakemore] We do know that
there were musicians aboard,
437
00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:45,519
and some of these
musicians do complain
438
00:22:45,520 --> 00:22:48,519
that they were forced to play,
even though they didn't want to,
439
00:22:48,520 --> 00:22:52,079
and that they were prisoners
aboard the ship.
440
00:22:52,080 --> 00:22:56,200
So, one of my favorite rules is
that musicians get Sundays off.
441
00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:02,279
[Narrator] They pledge
to live by this new code.
442
00:23:02,280 --> 00:23:05,599
Roberts will need loyalty
where they're headed-
443
00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:09,999
the Caribbean, one of
the richest places on Earth
444
00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:14,320
and an incredibly dangerous
region for pirates.
445
00:23:16,091 --> 00:23:20,479
[Narrator] After facing years
of terror at sea,
446
00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:22,839
Europe's major empires
have finally
447
00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:25,799
strengthened their defenses
in the Caribbean.
448
00:23:25,800 --> 00:23:28,959
Naval gunboats
and well-armed colonial ships
449
00:23:28,960 --> 00:23:33,559
now patrol these waters
on the hunt for pirates.
450
00:23:33,560 --> 00:23:36,759
But Roberts isn't
easily intimidated,
451
00:23:36,760 --> 00:23:40,799
and his sloop, now renamed
the Good Fortune,
452
00:23:40,800 --> 00:23:43,519
soon seizes several prizes.
453
00:23:43,520 --> 00:23:45,159
[Blakemore] Roberts
continues plundering.
454
00:23:45,160 --> 00:23:48,079
And indeed, he's now so
well-known that the governors
455
00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:50,159
of the various colonies
in the Caribbean
456
00:23:50,160 --> 00:23:53,080
send out expeditions
to try and hunt him down.
457
00:23:54,231 --> 00:23:57,479
[Narrator]
French pirate hunters
458
00:23:57,480 --> 00:23:59,879
finally catch up with Roberts,
459
00:23:59,880 --> 00:24:03,679
firing a barrage
of grapeshot into his ship,
460
00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:07,559
ripping into the crew
and splintering the rigging.
461
00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:09,919
[shouting]
462
00:24:09,920 --> 00:24:14,039
The pirates are outgunned
but scramble to escape.
463
00:24:14,040 --> 00:24:17,240
Roberts won't soon
forget this defeat.
464
00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:24,599
The Good Fortune has
sustained terrible damage.
465
00:24:24,600 --> 00:24:27,719
Many of the pirates
are dead or injured.
466
00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:32,479
They sail into port at Dominica
for repairs to the ship.
467
00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:34,839
Having sustained
such heavy losses,
468
00:24:34,840 --> 00:24:38,679
finding competent
replacements proves tough.
469
00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:43,120
Sourcing skilled recruits
is practically impossible.
470
00:24:46,181 --> 00:24:48,839
[Blakemore] Injury and disease
471
00:24:48,840 --> 00:24:52,079
was a very common
experience for sailors,
472
00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:53,679
so one of the groups
473
00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:57,319
that Roberts was always keen
to recruit were surgeons.
474
00:24:57,320 --> 00:25:00,799
[Narrator] Sea surgeons were
typically jacks-of-all-trades,
475
00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:04,759
serving as physicians,
dentists, and barbers
476
00:25:04,760 --> 00:25:07,479
to the ship's crew.
477
00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:10,399
[Blakemore] Often surgeons
on merchant ships or naval ships
478
00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:13,519
would be young men, perhaps
apothecaries or apprentices,
479
00:25:13,520 --> 00:25:15,239
people looking
to establish themselves
480
00:25:15,240 --> 00:25:17,159
and taking the opportunities
for employment.
481
00:25:17,160 --> 00:25:19,879
Sometimes they were old men
whose careers had gone badly,
482
00:25:19,880 --> 00:25:21,479
and they were taking
whatever they could get.
483
00:25:21,480 --> 00:25:23,279
It certainly wasn't
the most desirable employment
484
00:25:23,280 --> 00:25:24,880
in this period.
485
00:25:24,881 --> 00:25:29,919
We know that at least one of the
surgeons who served with Roberts
486
00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:32,599
was described as a very bad man
and often a drunkard,
487
00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:34,839
so he seems to have
let took the opportunity
488
00:25:34,840 --> 00:25:36,959
to join Roberts' crew
and live the lifestyle
489
00:25:36,960 --> 00:25:38,239
that he was looking for.
490
00:25:38,240 --> 00:25:40,159
But others were
captured as prisoners
491
00:25:40,160 --> 00:25:44,119
and forced under threat
and beatings to tend to the crew
492
00:25:44,120 --> 00:25:46,279
and would later protest
that they had never wanted
493
00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:48,119
to be pirates at all.
494
00:25:48,120 --> 00:25:54,040
? ?
495
00:25:54,471 --> 00:25:58,879
[Narrator] Roberts' code
also made provision
496
00:25:58,880 --> 00:26:01,599
for those injured
in the line of duty.
497
00:26:01,600 --> 00:26:04,319
Wounded combatants would
receive additional shares
498
00:26:04,320 --> 00:26:08,759
of plunder, pirate insurance.
499
00:26:08,760 --> 00:26:10,959
[Blakemore] We know that
within his pirate articles
500
00:26:10,960 --> 00:26:13,599
there was provision
for injured sailors.
501
00:26:13,600 --> 00:26:16,639
So a sailor who lost
a right arm would get �800.
502
00:26:16,640 --> 00:26:19,519
A sailor who lost a left arm
would get �700.
503
00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:23,039
A sailor who lost an eye
or a finger would get �100.
504
00:26:23,040 --> 00:26:26,279
And this is very common
in other pirate ships as well,
505
00:26:26,280 --> 00:26:28,079
and indeed is a tradition
that goes back
506
00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:30,799
several decades at least.
507
00:26:30,800 --> 00:26:32,559
These are very substantial sums,
508
00:26:32,560 --> 00:26:35,999
possibly more than most sailors
would earn in a lifetime.
509
00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:38,919
So this is really quite
a generous reimbursement
510
00:26:38,920 --> 00:26:40,559
for these injuries
that these sailors
511
00:26:40,560 --> 00:26:42,360
might encounter during battle.
512
00:26:44,511 --> 00:26:50,399
[Narrator] Roberts and his crew
lay low for several months
513
00:26:50,400 --> 00:26:52,559
after their
near-fatal encounter
514
00:26:52,560 --> 00:26:55,279
with the French pirate hunters.
515
00:26:55,280 --> 00:26:57,479
As spring turns to summer
516
00:26:57,480 --> 00:26:59,239
and the oppressive
tropical heat
517
00:26:59,240 --> 00:27:02,439
of the Caribbean intensifies,
518
00:27:02,440 --> 00:27:06,519
Roberts decides to sail
for more temperate waters.
519
00:27:06,520 --> 00:27:09,399
He follows a common
pirate circuit,
520
00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:12,799
heading towards the fishing
grounds of Newfoundland.
521
00:27:12,800 --> 00:27:17,119
Along the way,
he picks off several ships.
522
00:27:17,120 --> 00:27:19,479
[Lawrence] Fishing vessels
don't contain much money,
523
00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:22,599
but they're very easy to take.
524
00:27:22,600 --> 00:27:24,319
They contain things
like, you know,
525
00:27:24,320 --> 00:27:26,159
alcohol and provisions
for the crew
526
00:27:26,160 --> 00:27:30,159
and can be easily transformed
into more pirate ships.
527
00:27:30,160 --> 00:27:31,719
[Blakemore] And he's
also recruiting men
528
00:27:31,720 --> 00:27:35,039
from many of the prizes
that he captures.
529
00:27:35,040 --> 00:27:36,559
Some of them are volunteers.
530
00:27:36,560 --> 00:27:38,679
Others are forced
through violence,
531
00:27:38,680 --> 00:27:42,359
through threats,
to join the ships.
532
00:27:42,360 --> 00:27:43,999
They're forced
to sign the articles,
533
00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:45,599
and this binds them to the crew.
534
00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:49,119
This means that they are legally
liable for charges of piracy
535
00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:52,879
because they've signed up to
receive a share of the plunder.
536
00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:57,239
? ?
537
00:27:57,240 --> 00:28:01,999
[Narrator] June 21, 1720,
dawns like any other day
538
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:04,959
in the quiet fishing town
of Trepassey
539
00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:07,559
on the southern shore
of Newfoundland.
540
00:28:07,560 --> 00:28:10,759
But then, in the distance,
541
00:28:10,760 --> 00:28:13,959
a faint din
of trumpets and drums.
542
00:28:13,960 --> 00:28:15,959
As the music grows louder,
543
00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:18,359
the shattering sound
of cannon fire
544
00:28:18,360 --> 00:28:21,399
suddenly echoes
across the harbor.
545
00:28:21,400 --> 00:28:25,799
This can mean
only one thing-pirates.
546
00:28:25,800 --> 00:28:28,919
Panic-stricken men
abandon their ships in droves
547
00:28:28,920 --> 00:28:32,559
and rush ashore for safety.
548
00:28:32,560 --> 00:28:33,879
[Blakemore] When he sails
into Trepassey,
549
00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:35,919
which is quite different
to the earlier attempt
550
00:28:35,920 --> 00:28:39,319
to trick the governor
of Pr�ncipe,
551
00:28:39,320 --> 00:28:41,159
he's really making a big show.
552
00:28:41,160 --> 00:28:42,879
He's fearless. He's bold.
553
00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:46,719
He's demonstrating
that he's not afraid.
554
00:28:46,720 --> 00:28:49,479
[Narrator] As the Good Fortune
sweeps into port,
555
00:28:49,480 --> 00:28:54,279
an ominous black flag can
be seen flying from the mast.
556
00:28:54,280 --> 00:28:56,759
[Blakemore] Roberts is
making no pretense here.
557
00:28:56,760 --> 00:29:01,679
Flying a black flag declared
that you were a pirate.
558
00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:04,079
[Narrator] Legends claim
that Roberts' flag featured
559
00:29:04,080 --> 00:29:07,639
a skull with a single
cutlass beneath it.
560
00:29:07,640 --> 00:29:09,559
Variations on this theme
561
00:29:09,560 --> 00:29:13,519
incorporating skulls,
skeletons, and cutlasses
562
00:29:13,520 --> 00:29:17,519
are widely used
by pirate crews at this time.
563
00:29:17,520 --> 00:29:21,960
These flags would come
to be known as Jolly Rogers.
564
00:29:22,151 --> 00:29:26,599
[Blakemore] This is
a warning that the pirates
565
00:29:26,600 --> 00:29:27,959
are going to be brutal.
566
00:29:27,960 --> 00:29:31,159
It's a way of intimidating
the victims of piracy.
567
00:29:31,160 --> 00:29:33,479
And this saves
the pirates danger,
568
00:29:33,480 --> 00:29:35,839
it saves the pirates work.
569
00:29:35,840 --> 00:29:38,519
[Ewen] A lot of being a pirate
was like being a terrorist.
570
00:29:38,520 --> 00:29:41,079
You wanted to inspire terror.
571
00:29:41,080 --> 00:29:44,399
You wanted to intimidate them
into just giving up.
572
00:29:44,400 --> 00:29:48,479
That way, you didn't have to
fight or damage the vessel
573
00:29:48,480 --> 00:29:52,519
and you could take all their
stuff relatively unharmed.
574
00:29:52,520 --> 00:29:55,559
[Narrator] This theatrical
show of force works.
575
00:29:55,560 --> 00:29:59,519
Trepassey's sailors surrender
without firing a shot,
576
00:29:59,520 --> 00:30:01,879
despite vastly
outnumbering Roberts
577
00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:05,399
and his meager crew of 60.
578
00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:08,679
Bartholomew Roberts
is now master of the town,
579
00:30:08,680 --> 00:30:13,999
taking command of its 22 ships
and over 200 fishing vessels.
580
00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:18,919
? ?
581
00:30:18,920 --> 00:30:22,159
Local captains are
brought before Roberts.
582
00:30:22,160 --> 00:30:26,239
He invites the most experienced
men to join his crew,
583
00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:29,359
knowing better than anyone
that merchant sailors
584
00:30:29,360 --> 00:30:34,879
can be turned into pirates
whether they're willing or not.
585
00:30:34,880 --> 00:30:36,719
[Lawrence] He invites them
on board his ship.
586
00:30:36,720 --> 00:30:40,879
And he tries to convince them,
this is the way the pirates are.
587
00:30:40,880 --> 00:30:45,999
You can live like free men.
You can be like us.
588
00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:47,879
But there was a threat
behind that.
589
00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:49,799
And it was a threat
he actually carried out,
590
00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:53,039
which was, if you didn't join
and you didn't become a pirate,
591
00:30:53,040 --> 00:30:55,640
well, then they would
burn your ship.
592
00:30:56,001 --> 00:30:58,959
[Narrator] For several weeks,
593
00:30:58,960 --> 00:31:00,959
Roberts scours
the North Atlantic
594
00:31:00,960 --> 00:31:03,759
for fishing vessels
and merchant ships,
595
00:31:03,760 --> 00:31:09,079
forcibly converting ever
more men to a life of piracy.
596
00:31:09,080 --> 00:31:11,359
He now has the fighting
force and firepower
597
00:31:11,360 --> 00:31:14,799
to storm the Caribbean,
seeking bloody revenge
598
00:31:14,800 --> 00:31:18,800
on the pirate hunters
who so nearly defeated him.
599
00:31:22,811 --> 00:31:29,159
[Narrator] Roberts prowls the
Windward and Leeward Islands,
600
00:31:29,160 --> 00:31:32,719
snatching ship after ship.
601
00:31:32,720 --> 00:31:35,439
In one productive
three-day stretch,
602
00:31:35,440 --> 00:31:40,679
he captures 15 French
and English vessels.
603
00:31:40,680 --> 00:31:43,759
Pirates often remained loyal
to their monarch,
604
00:31:43,760 --> 00:31:45,759
but not Roberts;
605
00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:48,559
he's an equal opportunity
freebooter,
606
00:31:48,560 --> 00:31:54,039
preying on every ship he spots,
regardless of nationality.
607
00:31:54,040 --> 00:31:57,279
[Blakemore] Merchants are afraid
to send their ships to sea
608
00:31:57,280 --> 00:32:00,170
because they fear that they
might be captured by Roberts.
609
00:32:01,160 --> 00:32:03,559
He plunders so many ships
in the Caribbean
610
00:32:03,560 --> 00:32:06,999
that he practically brings
trade to a standstill.
611
00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:08,999
There have been pirates
active in this area
612
00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:11,999
over the last few years,
but Roberts really stands out
613
00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:14,879
in the way that he distorts
the trading networks
614
00:32:14,880 --> 00:32:18,119
through his
plundering activities.
615
00:32:18,120 --> 00:32:20,919
[Narrator] For six months,
Roberts' brazen attacks
616
00:32:20,920 --> 00:32:23,519
across the seas
around the French colonies
617
00:32:23,520 --> 00:32:28,400
of St. Lucia and St. Kitts
humiliate the authorities.
618
00:32:30,280 --> 00:32:35,239
Roughly 350 pirates
now sail under his command,
619
00:32:35,240 --> 00:32:40,279
and only the largest naval
vessels dare confront him.
620
00:32:40,280 --> 00:32:43,239
[Lawrence] He was
the final scourge of the seas
621
00:32:43,240 --> 00:32:44,839
that had to be put down.
622
00:32:44,840 --> 00:32:46,439
He's basically the pinnacle
623
00:32:46,440 --> 00:32:49,120
of all of these famous
pirates from history.
624
00:32:49,121 --> 00:32:53,399
[Narrator] Relief for
the French colonies arrives
625
00:32:53,400 --> 00:32:56,079
in the spring of 1721
626
00:32:56,080 --> 00:33:00,399
in the form of three
heavily armed frigates.
627
00:33:00,400 --> 00:33:04,439
Two more British warships
also sail for the Caribbean,
628
00:33:04,440 --> 00:33:09,519
desperate to finally corner the
man now known around the globe
629
00:33:09,520 --> 00:33:13,639
as the great Pirate Roberts.
630
00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:16,319
Roberts decides not
to risk confrontation
631
00:33:16,320 --> 00:33:18,759
with French or British forces.
632
00:33:18,760 --> 00:33:21,879
Instead, he shifts
his operation,
633
00:33:21,880 --> 00:33:25,199
sailing for the familiar
waters of West Africa,
634
00:33:25,200 --> 00:33:29,439
in search of more plunder.
635
00:33:29,440 --> 00:33:33,319
Much has changed
in the intervening two years.
636
00:33:33,320 --> 00:33:36,239
Then he was merely
a common sailor;
637
00:33:36,240 --> 00:33:41,680
now he's the feared pirate
Bartholomew Roberts.
638
00:33:41,681 --> 00:33:45,639
[Lawrence] The British
Royal Navy are after him.
639
00:33:45,640 --> 00:33:47,639
So many different people
have been complaining,
640
00:33:47,640 --> 00:33:50,439
so many different colonies, so
many different merchant vessels,
641
00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:55,359
that he's become something they
need to extinguish, and fast.
642
00:33:55,360 --> 00:33:56,879
[Blakemore] But Roberts
doesn't seem to care
643
00:33:56,880 --> 00:33:58,039
that he's being pursued.
644
00:33:58,040 --> 00:34:00,719
Or perhaps it inspires him
to even greater
645
00:34:00,720 --> 00:34:04,679
and more dramatic violence
and greater destruction.
646
00:34:04,680 --> 00:34:08,799
[Narrator] British warships
now patrol the African coast,
647
00:34:08,800 --> 00:34:11,559
but they're of little
concern to Roberts,
648
00:34:11,560 --> 00:34:13,519
who continues to seize
649
00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:16,039
merchant vessels
and their crews.
650
00:34:16,040 --> 00:34:18,639
Two French patrol ships
chase him down
651
00:34:18,640 --> 00:34:21,079
near the mouth
of the Senegal River.
652
00:34:21,080 --> 00:34:24,959
Roberts turns
and captures both boats.
653
00:34:24,960 --> 00:34:28,639
In Sierra Leone, he abandons
his old French ship
654
00:34:28,640 --> 00:34:30,879
and captures the Onslow,
655
00:34:30,880 --> 00:34:34,839
which they rename
the Royal Fortune.
656
00:34:34,840 --> 00:34:37,959
January 1722.
657
00:34:37,960 --> 00:34:40,599
He now sails
for the port of Whydah,
658
00:34:40,600 --> 00:34:43,919
discovering 12 slave ships
in its harbor.
659
00:34:43,920 --> 00:34:45,279
Raising the black flag,
660
00:34:45,280 --> 00:34:49,679
he demands their
immediate surrender.
661
00:34:49,680 --> 00:34:51,759
[Lawrence] And he
does his old trick.
662
00:34:51,760 --> 00:34:54,799
He gets the captains
to, you know, give in to him,
663
00:34:54,800 --> 00:34:56,879
or he'll burn their ships.
664
00:34:56,880 --> 00:35:00,199
[Narrator] The captain
of one ship, the Porcupine,
665
00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:04,039
refuses to negotiate
with Roberts.
666
00:35:04,040 --> 00:35:05,999
[Lawrence] Roberts thought,
"Well, if I can't, you know,
667
00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:08,399
convince you, I'm going
to destroy your cargo."
668
00:35:08,400 --> 00:35:10,560
And so they set the ship alight.
669
00:35:11,751 --> 00:35:17,279
[Blakemore] This is one of the
most excessively violent acts
670
00:35:17,280 --> 00:35:18,359
that Roberts commits.
671
00:35:18,360 --> 00:35:20,679
He seems to be reaching
a height of violence
672
00:35:20,680 --> 00:35:22,640
and damage and destruction.
673
00:35:25,400 --> 00:35:27,319
[Lawrence] He burnt that ship
674
00:35:27,320 --> 00:35:30,319
that had 80 enslaved
people aboard
675
00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:33,359
and just let them die
in the most horrific way
676
00:35:33,360 --> 00:35:35,199
that you could possibly imagine.
677
00:35:35,200 --> 00:35:41,640
? ?
678
00:35:44,160 --> 00:35:49,839
? ?
679
00:35:49,840 --> 00:35:50,999
[Narrator] A month later,
680
00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:54,999
Roberts is anchored
in a bay at Cape Lopez.
681
00:35:55,000 --> 00:35:58,719
It's the morning after the
capture of yet another frigate,
682
00:35:58,720 --> 00:36:03,279
and the crew is recovering
from their celebrations.
683
00:36:03,280 --> 00:36:13,199
? ?
684
00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:14,879
[Blakemore]
The Royal Navy ship Swallow,
685
00:36:14,880 --> 00:36:16,479
under Captain Chaloner Ogle,
686
00:36:16,480 --> 00:36:18,999
has arrived on the coast
of West Africa with a convoy,
687
00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:23,559
and his mission
is to hunt down Roberts.
688
00:36:23,560 --> 00:36:26,639
He finds Roberts off Cape Lopez.
689
00:36:26,640 --> 00:36:28,999
[Narrator] The pirates
are roused from their sleep.
690
00:36:29,000 --> 00:36:32,519
Worse for wear, they stumble
and scramble to their posts
691
00:36:32,520 --> 00:36:34,680
and prepare to engage.
692
00:36:35,800 --> 00:36:37,159
[shouting]
693
00:36:37,160 --> 00:36:39,559
[Blakemore] The pirates
outnumber the Swallow
694
00:36:39,560 --> 00:36:40,719
and the naval vessels,
695
00:36:40,720 --> 00:36:43,199
but the Navy have
more powerful firepower.
696
00:36:43,200 --> 00:36:46,199
So Ogle uses a tactic
where he sails in
697
00:36:46,200 --> 00:36:47,919
and then pretends to flee,
698
00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:50,320
and this is too tempting
for the pirates.
699
00:36:52,440 --> 00:36:54,319
[Narrator] Roberts
takes the bait.
700
00:36:54,320 --> 00:36:57,799
Assuming the Swallow to be
a richly loaded merchant ship,
701
00:36:57,800 --> 00:37:01,279
he dispatches the Ranger.
702
00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:04,839
The pirates give chase,
barely noticing they're now
703
00:37:04,840 --> 00:37:08,799
some distance from the safety
of Roberts' fleet.
704
00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:13,399
Suddenly, His Majesty's Ship
the Swallow swings around,
705
00:37:13,400 --> 00:37:15,639
revealing its true identity
706
00:37:15,640 --> 00:37:18,759
as a heavily armed
navy warship.
707
00:37:18,760 --> 00:37:21,079
Unloading a crippling
broadside,
708
00:37:21,080 --> 00:37:25,159
the men aboard the Ranger
are blown to pieces.
709
00:37:25,160 --> 00:37:29,839
Roberts is now exposed, trapped
in the bay by a powerful enemy
710
00:37:29,840 --> 00:37:32,599
who is headed straight for him.
711
00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:36,399
[Lawrence] Roberts must know
the game is nearly up.
712
00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:41,279
HMS Swallow knows where he is
and is moving in.
713
00:37:41,280 --> 00:37:44,439
Now, at this point,
Roberts decides to flee,
714
00:37:44,440 --> 00:37:46,519
but he's been trapped in a bay,
715
00:37:46,520 --> 00:37:48,959
and it's so hard for him
to maneuver out of this bay
716
00:37:48,960 --> 00:37:52,160
without going broadside
to this ship.
717
00:37:54,320 --> 00:37:57,599
[shouting]
718
00:37:57,600 --> 00:38:00,599
? ?
719
00:38:00,600 --> 00:38:02,159
The Swallow fires.
720
00:38:02,160 --> 00:38:03,640
[gunshot]
721
00:38:04,911 --> 00:38:09,519
[Blakemore] A large number
of small musket balls
722
00:38:09,520 --> 00:38:10,879
are fired out of a cannon,
723
00:38:10,880 --> 00:38:13,439
so this is a hail of shot
that sweeps across the deck
724
00:38:13,440 --> 00:38:17,199
and hits Roberts in his throat.
725
00:38:17,200 --> 00:38:19,959
[Narrator] Roberts
is killed instantly.
726
00:38:19,960 --> 00:38:22,919
Panic sets in
amongst the survivors.
727
00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:25,119
Their mast has
been obliterated,
728
00:38:25,120 --> 00:38:26,639
their captain is dead,
729
00:38:26,640 --> 00:38:29,519
and the British warship
is closing in.
730
00:38:29,520 --> 00:38:33,879
Still, they manage to fulfill
Roberts' final wish
731
00:38:33,880 --> 00:38:37,159
for a pirate's burial.
732
00:38:37,160 --> 00:38:39,839
They grab his body
and toss it overboard
733
00:38:39,840 --> 00:38:42,959
so it can't be carried back
to London in triumph
734
00:38:42,960 --> 00:38:45,559
by the British Navy.
735
00:38:45,560 --> 00:38:49,479
They surrender,
finally bringing to a close
736
00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:53,360
one of the deadliest eras
in pirate history.
737
00:38:53,531 --> 00:38:59,159
[Narrator] Bartholomew Roberts'
three-year reign of terror
738
00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:01,679
has come to a bloody end,
739
00:39:01,680 --> 00:39:06,119
his ship seized,
his men arrested.
740
00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:09,039
[Blakemore] Many
of his men are executed.
741
00:39:09,040 --> 00:39:13,999
This is a statement of intent
by the British government.
742
00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:16,119
The empire is
asserting its power,
743
00:39:16,120 --> 00:39:17,719
and it's saying
they will pursue
744
00:39:17,720 --> 00:39:20,399
and destroy pirates anywhere.
745
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:23,639
So Roberts' death
and the execution of his men
746
00:39:23,640 --> 00:39:25,879
becomes part of this
big political statement
747
00:39:25,880 --> 00:39:29,519
as the British Empire
tries to eradicate piracy
748
00:39:29,520 --> 00:39:31,240
over these years.
749
00:39:34,280 --> 00:39:39,239
? ?
750
00:39:39,240 --> 00:39:42,399
[Narrator] In the decades
following his death,
751
00:39:42,400 --> 00:39:47,879
the name Bartholomew Roberts
passes into legend.
752
00:39:47,880 --> 00:39:50,959
He and his crew appear
in swashbuckling chronicles
753
00:39:50,960 --> 00:39:54,399
and popular novels
such as Treasure Island.
754
00:39:54,400 --> 00:40:00,239
Later, he'll become
known as Black Bart.
755
00:40:00,240 --> 00:40:02,239
[Blakemore] Two years
after Roberts' death,
756
00:40:02,240 --> 00:40:04,519
The General History
of the Pyrates is published,
757
00:40:04,520 --> 00:40:07,559
and of all of the pirates
discussed in that book,
758
00:40:07,560 --> 00:40:10,279
Bartholomew Roberts
gets the largest chapter.
759
00:40:10,280 --> 00:40:12,559
It's a really
extensive narrative.
760
00:40:12,560 --> 00:40:15,119
That's partially because he has
such a long piratical career
761
00:40:15,120 --> 00:40:16,399
by pirate standards,
762
00:40:16,400 --> 00:40:20,759
but it's also because
he's such a dramatic figure.
763
00:40:20,760 --> 00:40:23,319
And this is part of how
his legend comes to circulate
764
00:40:23,320 --> 00:40:26,599
in the years after his death.
765
00:40:26,600 --> 00:40:28,119
[Narrator] Bartholomew Roberts
766
00:40:28,120 --> 00:40:31,719
was the last of the great
European pirates.
767
00:40:31,720 --> 00:40:33,399
No other captain could boast
768
00:40:33,400 --> 00:40:36,279
of what Black Bart
had achieved.
769
00:40:36,280 --> 00:40:41,199
In less than three years,
he had sailed 35,000 miles,
770
00:40:41,200 --> 00:40:45,559
captured roughly 400 ships,
and briefly paralyzed
771
00:40:45,560 --> 00:40:49,039
the trade routes of Europe's
mightiest empires.
772
00:40:49,040 --> 00:40:51,479
Defiant to the last,
773
00:40:51,480 --> 00:40:56,559
his death in 1722 marked
the final dramatic act
774
00:40:56,560 --> 00:41:00,679
in the Golden Age of Piracy.
775
00:41:00,680 --> 00:41:04,279
[Blakemore] Bartholomew Roberts
is really iconic of this one era
776
00:41:04,280 --> 00:41:05,799
in the history of piracy,
777
00:41:05,800 --> 00:41:09,279
where these pirates are not
based in a single port.
778
00:41:09,280 --> 00:41:11,079
They're not necessarily
associated with
779
00:41:11,080 --> 00:41:13,119
or supported
by a colonial governor.
780
00:41:13,120 --> 00:41:15,279
They are out for themselves.
781
00:41:15,280 --> 00:41:17,959
And while Roberts
may have wished to retire
782
00:41:17,960 --> 00:41:20,199
with all his plunder
like other pirates did,
783
00:41:20,200 --> 00:41:22,639
he does keep going
for a long time.
784
00:41:22,640 --> 00:41:24,559
And you have to wonder
if he's just doing it
785
00:41:24,560 --> 00:41:25,679
for the sake of it,
786
00:41:25,680 --> 00:41:28,039
if he's just plundering
to keep on plundering.
787
00:41:28,040 --> 00:41:32,039
Maybe he just really
liked being a pirate.
788
00:41:32,040 --> 00:41:33,559
And this is really unusual.
789
00:41:33,560 --> 00:41:35,679
It's the image of piracy
that we have today,
790
00:41:35,680 --> 00:41:38,639
but it's not what
most pirates in history do.
791
00:41:38,640 --> 00:41:40,800
But it is what
Bartholomew Roberts does.
792
00:41:44,600 --> 00:41:47,159
[Narrator] After the violent
death of Roberts,
793
00:41:47,160 --> 00:41:48,599
the world's remaining pirates
794
00:41:48,600 --> 00:41:52,599
are hunted to extinction
by European navies.
795
00:41:52,600 --> 00:41:57,039
The age of Morgan, Blackbeard,
Rackham, and Roberts
796
00:41:57,040 --> 00:41:59,319
has come to an end.
797
00:41:59,320 --> 00:42:00,679
[Mark Hanna]
It's not self-sustaining.
798
00:42:00,680 --> 00:42:02,519
If you have no place
to fence your goods,
799
00:42:02,520 --> 00:42:04,559
you have no communities
to settle down,
800
00:42:04,560 --> 00:42:07,239
eventually it's not going
to function any longer.
801
00:42:07,240 --> 00:42:08,999
[Narrator] The kings
and queens of Europe
802
00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:12,319
congratulate themselves
for securing the seas,
803
00:42:12,320 --> 00:42:15,119
ridding the world
of those they labeled
804
00:42:15,120 --> 00:42:17,919
the enemies of all mankind,
805
00:42:17,920 --> 00:42:20,599
as captured and convicted
pirates are sent
806
00:42:20,600 --> 00:42:23,039
to the gallows by boatload,
807
00:42:23,040 --> 00:42:26,479
pirates that had sought
their fortune through robbery,
808
00:42:26,480 --> 00:42:30,519
murder, extortion,
and abduction.
809
00:42:30,520 --> 00:42:33,279
They were bandits
of a chaotic era,
810
00:42:33,280 --> 00:42:34,679
a time of slave traders
811
00:42:34,680 --> 00:42:37,759
plundering Africa
of its people,
812
00:42:37,760 --> 00:42:41,599
of Europe's lords using
commoners for their labor,
813
00:42:41,600 --> 00:42:43,399
of colonists
814
00:42:43,400 --> 00:42:46,599
forcing Native Americans
from their land.
815
00:42:46,600 --> 00:42:48,399
So, were these pirates
any worse
816
00:42:48,400 --> 00:42:51,999
than the authorities
that pursued them?
817
00:42:52,000 --> 00:42:53,359
[Margarette Lincoln]
Often with piracy
818
00:42:53,360 --> 00:42:55,039
it's a question of perspective.
819
00:42:55,040 --> 00:42:58,319
[Tara Rider] Who's being
attacked and who is attacking?
820
00:42:58,320 --> 00:42:59,439
[Narrator] While at sea,
821
00:42:59,440 --> 00:43:02,199
pirates maintained
a degree of equality
822
00:43:02,200 --> 00:43:05,959
that didn't exist in the
societies they left behind.
823
00:43:05,960 --> 00:43:08,679
Social class held
little significance,
824
00:43:08,680 --> 00:43:11,759
and even the lowest born
could rise to be captain.
825
00:43:11,760 --> 00:43:15,359
Plunder was shared,
the wounded insured.
826
00:43:15,360 --> 00:43:17,519
[Lincoln] They had
no culture to speak of
827
00:43:17,520 --> 00:43:19,679
other than what they
made up for themselves.
828
00:43:19,680 --> 00:43:22,159
[Narrator] So, were these
pirates skilled seamen,
829
00:43:22,160 --> 00:43:25,479
loyal to their crews,
or savage criminals
830
00:43:25,480 --> 00:43:27,639
ready to kill
for their treasure?
831
00:43:27,640 --> 00:43:29,559
[Hanna] We see this going
from Drake to Blackbeard
832
00:43:29,560 --> 00:43:30,799
as the total extremes
833
00:43:30,800 --> 00:43:31,799
in the way we understand
834
00:43:31,800 --> 00:43:33,679
the history of piracy.
835
00:43:33,680 --> 00:43:35,319
On the one hand,
the anarchistic maniac,
836
00:43:35,320 --> 00:43:39,079
on the other, a heroic figure
supported by his own community.
837
00:43:39,080 --> 00:43:41,719
[Narrator]
Perhaps they were both.
838
00:43:41,720 --> 00:43:46,839
Most of these outlaws achieved
exactly what they sought-
839
00:43:46,840 --> 00:43:49,399
a merry life,
840
00:43:49,400 --> 00:43:50,919
but a short one.
841
00:43:50,920 --> 00:43:59,120
? ?
842
00:43:59,170 --> 00:44:03,720
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