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[Narrator] For centuries,
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pirates have terrorized
the oceans-
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looting ships,
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seizing captives,
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pillaging settlements-
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men and women out
for blood and riches,
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striking fear into the hearts
of entire populations.
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[Expert 1] Piracy is
thievery on the high seas.
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[Expert 2] We've really
romanticized the pirate life.
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[Expert 3] Almost
no one in human history
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self-identifies as a pirate.
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[Narrator] Were they skilled
seamen loyal to their crews
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or savage criminals ready
to kill for their treasure?
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[Expert 3] They all had reasons
to justify their behavior.
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They all had arguments for why
what they were doing was okay.
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[swords clanging]
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[Expert 1] It's often
a matter of perspective.
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[Narrator] Perhaps
no other historical figure
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is more famous for
treading this murky line
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than Sir Francis Drake,
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a man who inspired generations
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to take to the sea
seeking their fortunes.
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[Expert 3] Sir Francis Drake
could be perceived
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as the ultimate English pirate.
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Any Englishman who performed
an act of sea marauding,
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they saw him as a hero,
as a model.
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[Narrator] The first Englishman
to circumnavigate the globe,
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he earned a knighthood
from his queen
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and a place
in English high society.
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Drake's time at sea
revealed his true character
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as a power hungry
ruthless pirate.
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? ?
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? ?
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[Expert 3] Francis Drake
grew up in Plymouth,
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which is in the West
Country of England.
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He would have been surrounded
by sailors and sailing culture.
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[Narrator] Having already
spent years of his life at sea,
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Francis Drake sets sail
for West Africa
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under the command of his
wealthy cousin, John Hawkins,
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an experienced captain
who built his fortune
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in a most sinister industry.
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Hawkins was an early profiteer
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of the transatlantic
slave trade.
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[Mark Hanna] Piracy has
an interesting relationship
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with the history
of the slave trade.
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The first slave traders
were, in fact, pirates.
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In many ways,
the slave trade itself
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was associated with piracy.
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Sir John Hawkins,
Drake's cousin,
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was one of England's
first slave traders.
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[Harcourt Fuller]
In the late 15th century
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and then into the 16th century,
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the Spanish controlled
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the transportation of enslaved
Africans to the Americas.
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They were the dominant power,
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and essentially the Spanish
forebode other European powers
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from trading
in their territories.
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Peru, Mexico, Cuba,
all of these places
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had enslaved Africans
that were the driving forces
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of the economies
in precious metals,
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plantation commodities,
et cetera.
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[Narrator] Drake and Hawkins
arrive on the coast
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of Sierra Leone with six ships
bustling with 100 men,
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determined to loosen
Spain's grip
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on the lucrative
transatlantic slave trade.
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? ?
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[Richard Blakemore]
They raid villages.
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They also ally
with local African rulers
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who are involved in warfare
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because most enslaved people
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are prisoners of war
at this time.
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And they do carry large numbers
of enslaved people
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over to the Americas,
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and they try to force Spanish
ports to trade with them,
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even though this is against
the rules of the Spanish Empire.
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[Narrator] Spanish colonies
across the New World
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are making great sums of money
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off the vast number
of enslaved laborers
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being transported
from African countries.
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Under King Philip II's law,
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it's illegal
for Spanish merchants
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to trade with the English,
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but when Hawkins and Drake
reach the New World,
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they care little
for Philip's rules.
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By threatening Spanish traders,
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they force the sale
of their captives.
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[Craig Lambert] Hawkins
is buying for 2 pound
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in West Africa and selling
for 22 pound in the New World,
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which is significantly
undercutting
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the Spanish merchants.
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[Narrator] September 1568.
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Drake has been given
command of his own ship
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in Hawkins' convoy,
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and the duo are hoping to land
one of their biggest sales yet
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at the Spanish port
of San Juan de Ul�a.
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But whilst attempting
to barter their goods
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and trade enslaved people,
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Drake and Hawkins
are interrupted
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by the sudden arrival
of a Spanish fleet.
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[Lambert] There's a standoff
between the two fleets,
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and they come to a decision
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that Hawkins will
be allowed to leave.
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However, later on,
the Spanish fleet
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attacks the English at night.
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Drake is on one
of the other English ships,
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and he sees this happening.
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Hawkins' fleet is in trouble
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because it's bottled
into the harbor.
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And rather than helping
Hawkins stand and fight
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against the Spanish,
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Drake turned around
and heads back for England.
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? ?
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It's an interesting reflection,
I think, on Drake's character
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in that he's got
steely determination,
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he's very ambitious.
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He's also quite willing
to, to ditch friends
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when he thinks
it's right to do so.
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[Narrator] Drake
races home to Plymouth.
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Hawkins, however,
isn't captured or killed
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in the skirmish.
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A sudden shift of wind
blows the Spanish fleet
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off course,
allowing his escape.
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Hawkins washes up on
English soil some weeks later,
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furious, accusing Drake
of abandoning him.
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Their voyage
has been a disaster,
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and it puts an end
to English involvement
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in the slave trade
for the next century.
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The cousins' once-lucrative
partnership is terminated.
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[Fuller] He escaped
with his life,
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but he was humiliated.
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That incident really
made him hate the Spanish,
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and he vowed that he
would dedicate his life
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to harassing them, destroying
them, and breaking them down
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so that he could build up
England for Queen Elizabeth I.
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[Narrator] But Spain
is a formidable adversary
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for the upstart captain.
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King Philip II controls the
mightiest empire in the world,
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encompassing Spain itself,
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the Netherlands,
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parts of Italy,
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and vast territories
of the Americas.
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Spain's unmatched wealth stems
from the millions of pounds
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of silver extracted from
the mines of the New World,
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attracting the envy
of every monarch in Europe,
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including Queen Elizabeth.
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Their rivalry is further stoked
by a difference in faith.
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Elizabeth is Protestant.
Philip is Catholic.
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[Iszi Lawrence] Queen Elizabeth
was in a world of trouble
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geopolitically
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because Britain was under
constant threat of invasion.
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Spain wanted to stamp out
Protestants.
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All of this made Spain
an existential threat.
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[Lambert] But Elizabeth doesn't
want a full-scale war with Spain
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because A,
she can't afford that
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and B, it's gonna be
very dangerous for her.
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But increasingly,
she wants to attack Spain,
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where it might hurt,
to take the war
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to Spain's overseas territories.
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[Lawrence] She needed
men who were capable
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of stopping the Spanish
from expanding further.
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[Narrator] The Crown then
takes a cut of any plunder.
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Hawkins is amongst those whose
actions against the Spanish
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are, to the English queen,
legitimate.
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[Blakemore]
There's a big debate.
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The Spanish don't consider
this legal at all.
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[M�lanie Lamotte]
The view of Queen Elizabeth I,
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she didn't care much
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about what the Spaniards
were saying.
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She saw it as a way
to enrich England
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and then to attack
enemy vessels.
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[Blakemore] So all of these
raiders are not actually
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formally at war with Spain,
but they're pursuing it
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under this legal instrument
called letters of reprisal.
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[Hanna] These men became
known as the Sea Dogs.
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And they weren't openly
supported by Elizabeth,
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but she also didn't
openly condemn them.
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In some ways, she wanted
to maintain some deniability
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in the face of potential
Spanish reprisal.
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[Narrator] Drake readies
himself for another expedition,
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preparing to attack Spanish
ports in the New World,
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but since parting with Hawkins,
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he's no longer protected
by a letter of reprisal.
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Any assault by Drake
on the Spanish
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will be considered
an act of piracy.
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However, behind closed doors,
Queen Elizabeth seems
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quietly supportive
of Drake's ambitions.
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[Blakemore] The rules
around piracy were evolving
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at this time.
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Drake claims that he's
carrying out revenge
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for the attacks that the
Spanish Empire mounted on him.
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And it's not entirely clear
if he has a just cause,
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which he claims to have,
then that pushes him
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into this sort of slightly
murky category of legal raider,
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which is less clear-cut
than being a pirate.
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But from the Spanish
point of view,
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he's definitely a corsario,
a pirata, a pirate.
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? ?
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[Narrator] For Drake, any
Spanish target is legitimate.
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He sets his sights
on the port of Nombre de Dios
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on the isthmus of Panama,
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a major artery in the
movement of Spanish silver.
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[Blakemore] It's a crucial node
in the Spanish silver route.
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So silver being mined in Peru
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is brought up the west coast
of the Americas to Panama...
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...carried across
to Nombre de Dios,
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and then shipped
from there to Spain.
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[Hannah Cusworth] Nombre de Dios
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is an incredibly
attractive place to raid
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because of the fact that
for such an important place,
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it wasn't very well protected.
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? ?
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[Narrator] Drake slips
into the port...
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...where he discovers
the treasury lies vulnerable.
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It's time to strike.
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[Narrator] Acting with speed,
Drake and his crew
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dismantle the town's defenses,
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but it's too late;
the alarm is raised.
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In the melee, a shot
slams through Drake's leg.
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But he's lucky, merely injured,
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forced to retreat,
escaping with his life.
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Drake survives
to fight another day.
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But he now realizes that he
requires greater manpower
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and local knowledge
if dangerous raids
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of this ambition
are to succeed.
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Fortunately, a multilingual
sailor known only as Diego
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has recently joined his crew.
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[Cusworth] The likelihood
is Diego came from a region
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known as Senegambia
in West Africa.
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Diego had been enslaved
in the household
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of the captain
of Nombre de Dios,
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and we get the sense
that he wanted to seek freedom
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in some way.
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There was a sense going around,
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whispers in the Atlantic
world at this time,
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that England was somewhere
that didn't do slavery,
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and that if you then
stepped onto English soil,
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you would become a free man.
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Not that much longer after
Drake, that completely changes.
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Diego was so central to Drake
being able to do this raid
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on Nombre de Dios by easing that
path, being eyes on the ground,
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someone who had
really good local knowledge,
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which Drake wouldn't
necessarily have had.
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? ?
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[Narrator] Another direct
attack on Nombre de Dios
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is out of the question,
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so Diego approaches a group of
people who are living quietly
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in the Panamanian hinterlands-
the Cimaroons.
248
00:12:44,240 --> 00:12:47,119
[Cusworth] The Cimaroons
are a group of Africans
249
00:12:47,120 --> 00:12:49,639
who had previously been
enslaved by the Spanish
250
00:12:49,640 --> 00:12:52,199
and had been able to escape.
251
00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:55,159
[Fuller] These were
formerly enslaved people
252
00:12:55,160 --> 00:12:58,159
that had escaped
from the plantations,
253
00:12:58,160 --> 00:13:02,159
and they hid themselves
in inhospitable territory,
254
00:13:02,160 --> 00:13:06,559
so we're talking about
mountains and forests.
255
00:13:06,560 --> 00:13:09,079
[Cusworth] They set up their own
communities being able to live
256
00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:12,400
a lot more by their own rules
in a state of freedom.
257
00:13:13,960 --> 00:13:17,359
For understandable reasons,
they hated the Spanish.
258
00:13:17,360 --> 00:13:19,639
[Narrator]
Drake manipulates that hatred
259
00:13:19,640 --> 00:13:22,559
to forge an alliance
with the Cimaroons.
260
00:13:22,560 --> 00:13:24,839
They provide him
with invaluable intelligence
261
00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:27,079
covering the movement
of Spanish silver,
262
00:13:27,080 --> 00:13:30,439
including news of a mule train,
263
00:13:30,440 --> 00:13:34,199
picking its way through
the Panamanian forests,
264
00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:38,719
laden with a fortune
in precious metal.
265
00:13:38,720 --> 00:13:41,559
[Lawrence] There are
weaknesses in this chain.
266
00:13:41,560 --> 00:13:46,279
You've got to get your silver
from the mines to the ports,
267
00:13:46,280 --> 00:13:48,119
and it's 12 days
through the jungle,
268
00:13:48,120 --> 00:13:50,839
the mules packed up
with this precious metal,
269
00:13:50,840 --> 00:13:53,759
and you better hope
that nobody attacks
270
00:13:53,760 --> 00:13:56,840
before your big battleships
can come and defend you.
271
00:13:56,841 --> 00:14:01,239
[Narrator] Drake and his crew
trek through the jungle
272
00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:04,359
to a point just south
of Nombre de Dios,
273
00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:07,279
where they lay in wait
for the train.
274
00:14:07,280 --> 00:14:09,959
[Lambert] Drake and the others
set an ambush,
275
00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:12,199
so they divide
the forces in two.
276
00:14:12,200 --> 00:14:14,159
Drake goes on the eastern side
of Nombre de Dios
277
00:14:14,160 --> 00:14:17,399
a few kilometers away, and
they wait for the mule train.
278
00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:23,479
? ?
279
00:14:23,480 --> 00:14:26,399
[Narrator] Drake and his allies
spring the trap.
280
00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:28,799
Spanish guards put up
a fierce resistance,
281
00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:32,239
but Drake overwhelms them.
282
00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:35,720
The surviving Spaniards
flee into the jungle.
283
00:14:38,280 --> 00:14:41,319
[Lambert] This time,
it's a really great success.
284
00:14:41,320 --> 00:14:44,480
Drake just takes
the silver bars and clears off.
285
00:14:44,931 --> 00:14:49,039
[Narrator] Drake
and his crew drag the silver
286
00:14:49,040 --> 00:14:51,600
across 18 miles of jungle.
287
00:14:52,760 --> 00:14:54,839
Their heist has been
so successful
288
00:14:54,840 --> 00:14:57,839
that they are unable to haul
all of the heavy treasure
289
00:14:57,840 --> 00:15:00,039
back to their boats.
290
00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:02,479
And so the men bury it.
291
00:15:02,480 --> 00:15:04,479
They carefully draw up a map
292
00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:08,439
so that one day the silver
can be reclaimed.
293
00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:10,279
[Lambert] This is where
the treasure map originates
294
00:15:10,280 --> 00:15:12,439
because legends grow up
that Drake never went back
295
00:15:12,440 --> 00:15:14,679
to collect all these bars
of silver, and therefore,
296
00:15:14,680 --> 00:15:16,910
there's potential
that they might be there.
297
00:15:16,911 --> 00:15:20,479
[Narrator] So begins one
of the most enduring
298
00:15:20,480 --> 00:15:24,039
and seductive myths
around Drake, the map,
299
00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:27,719
and the silver,
which has never been found.
300
00:15:27,720 --> 00:15:32,479
Generations of future seafarers
will pass on tales of plunder
301
00:15:32,480 --> 00:15:35,199
buried in
the Panamanian jungle,
302
00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:38,959
Drake's map providing the
catalyst for hundreds of years
303
00:15:38,960 --> 00:15:43,679
of legends of fearsome pirates
and their hidden treasure.
304
00:15:43,680 --> 00:15:48,840
? ?
305
00:15:54,880 --> 00:15:58,679
[Narrator] August 1, 1573.
306
00:15:58,680 --> 00:16:04,399
Drake returns to England
a hero and fabulously wealthy.
307
00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:06,199
[Blakemore] When they came
back with the plunder,
308
00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:08,039
the queen probably
wasn't going to quibble
309
00:16:08,040 --> 00:16:10,799
over how they got it,
so when Drake returns,
310
00:16:10,800 --> 00:16:12,400
she takes a cut.
311
00:16:12,401 --> 00:16:15,439
[Lambert] Elizabeth
quite likes him.
312
00:16:15,440 --> 00:16:18,039
He's effectively a useful tool.
313
00:16:18,040 --> 00:16:19,759
But Elizabeth
was liked to be charmed
314
00:16:19,760 --> 00:16:21,119
by quite a lot of people.
315
00:16:21,120 --> 00:16:25,599
The favors slip in and out
of the nexus quite quickly.
316
00:16:25,600 --> 00:16:27,759
But there is certainly
a connection
317
00:16:27,760 --> 00:16:30,879
that he did have at times
with, with Elizabeth.
318
00:16:30,880 --> 00:16:35,119
So Drake is now the man
at the forefront, the hero.
319
00:16:35,120 --> 00:16:38,119
[Blakemore] When Drake was
on the isthmus of Panama,
320
00:16:38,120 --> 00:16:40,999
he supposedly sees
the Pacific Ocean
321
00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:42,439
for the first time,
322
00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:46,599
and this awakes in him
an ambition to reach that ocean.
323
00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:50,359
It's also part of Spain's
global silver networks
324
00:16:50,360 --> 00:16:52,119
because a lot of the silver
from the Americas
325
00:16:52,120 --> 00:16:56,359
is being shipped to Manila
and to China for trade there.
326
00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:57,999
And this is much less protected
327
00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:01,159
because it's much less
accessible than the Caribbean.
328
00:17:01,160 --> 00:17:04,039
So this is probably where
Drake's plan comes from,
329
00:17:04,040 --> 00:17:06,799
the knowledge that
there is money to be made
330
00:17:06,800 --> 00:17:08,559
in these vulnerable
shipping routes
331
00:17:08,560 --> 00:17:10,600
along the west coast of America.
332
00:17:11,131 --> 00:17:15,559
[Narrator] Drake begins
planning what he hopes
333
00:17:15,560 --> 00:17:19,959
will be the greatest voyage
in his nation's history-
334
00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:23,479
an illicit assault
on the unguarded Spanish towns
335
00:17:23,480 --> 00:17:25,840
on the west coast
of the Americas.
336
00:17:27,640 --> 00:17:29,599
But fearing
that few would enlist
337
00:17:29,600 --> 00:17:33,679
if they knew the dangers
and duration of the expedition,
338
00:17:33,680 --> 00:17:37,439
Drake conceals his true plans.
339
00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:39,799
Without a letter of reprisal,
340
00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:42,479
they'll all be
committing piracy.
341
00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:46,759
Instead, he boasts of a short
voyage with easy plunder.
342
00:17:46,760 --> 00:17:49,359
[Lambert] Seafarers actually do
have a reputation in this period
343
00:17:49,360 --> 00:17:52,239
as being seen
as itinerant drunks.
344
00:17:52,240 --> 00:17:54,839
So this idea that they're
moving from place to place
345
00:17:54,840 --> 00:17:57,039
and they don't have a set home
346
00:17:57,040 --> 00:18:00,840
creates an image of them
that they're an unruly bunch.
347
00:18:00,841 --> 00:18:03,519
[Hanna] If you're
someone who grew up
348
00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:06,199
in the same Plymouth
along the coast
349
00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:07,999
and you were part
of a fishing family,
350
00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:09,639
that might be all
you're ever going to do
351
00:18:09,640 --> 00:18:10,799
for the rest of your life
352
00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:12,679
and always be sort of
living hand to mouth.
353
00:18:12,680 --> 00:18:15,039
And so the idea that you could
go on a voyage like Drake's
354
00:18:15,040 --> 00:18:18,199
could mean a change
of your entire existence.
355
00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:21,239
You and your family could be set
for the rest of your life.
356
00:18:21,240 --> 00:18:24,519
[Narrator] Drake assembles
a crew of 164 men
357
00:18:24,520 --> 00:18:27,679
from across every sector
of English society,
358
00:18:27,680 --> 00:18:31,719
a solid mixture of sailors,
soldiers, apprentices,
359
00:18:31,720 --> 00:18:33,880
and even a dozen gentlemen.
360
00:18:33,881 --> 00:18:36,919
[Cusworth] Pirate crews
were more multiracial
361
00:18:36,920 --> 00:18:39,279
than I think
we previously assumed.
362
00:18:39,280 --> 00:18:44,559
In England, we have records of
African people being paid wages.
363
00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:47,359
And so not all people who were
in England at this time
364
00:18:47,360 --> 00:18:51,119
who were Black were enslaved,
very far from it.
365
00:18:51,120 --> 00:18:54,519
[Narrator] Forever pious,
Drake also recruits a preacher
366
00:18:54,520 --> 00:18:57,039
to offer God's message
to his men
367
00:18:57,040 --> 00:19:00,319
and hires musicians
to accompany them
368
00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:02,799
in the daily singing of psalms.
369
00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:04,199
[Blakemore] And often
we find sailors sailing
370
00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:06,719
with the same captains
over multiple voyages,
371
00:19:06,720 --> 00:19:08,519
and that's happening
with Drake as well.
372
00:19:08,520 --> 00:19:13,599
? ?
373
00:19:13,600 --> 00:19:16,559
[Narrator] December 1577.
374
00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:20,039
Drake sets sail,
bound for waters unknown,
375
00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:21,959
guided by his dogmatic faith
376
00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:25,399
and the promise of loot
beyond compare.
377
00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:28,079
But the challenges
of this epic expedition
378
00:19:28,080 --> 00:19:32,319
will be far greater than
he could ever have imagined.
379
00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:33,999
At the head of Drake's fleet
380
00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:36,559
sails a galleon
known as the Pelican,
381
00:19:36,560 --> 00:19:39,999
later renamed the Golden Hind.
382
00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:42,639
Measuring 80 feet
from bow to stern,
383
00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:47,199
she carries 22 guns
and a crew of 80 men.
384
00:19:47,200 --> 00:19:49,879
Her speed would give Drake
a distinct advantage
385
00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:54,599
when confronting larger, less
nimble Spanish trading ships.
386
00:19:54,600 --> 00:19:56,319
[Blakemore] Francis Drake
and other raiders like him
387
00:19:56,320 --> 00:19:57,359
want fast ships,
388
00:19:57,360 --> 00:19:58,359
they want maneuverable ships,
389
00:19:58,360 --> 00:19:59,399
and these are the kind of
390
00:19:59,400 --> 00:20:01,359
vessels that they are using.
391
00:20:01,360 --> 00:20:02,719
They've a fairly substantial
392
00:20:02,720 --> 00:20:03,999
size and quite well-armed.
393
00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:07,399
But they're not as big
as the enormous Spanish galleons
394
00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:09,639
that they're targeting.
395
00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:11,879
[Narrator] Following
two months at sea,
396
00:20:11,880 --> 00:20:15,399
the fleet arrive at Cape Verde
397
00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:18,320
and immediately attack
a Portuguese vessel.
398
00:20:21,400 --> 00:20:24,639
Drake forces the ship's
navigator to join his crew,
399
00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:27,999
bringing rare charts
of the Pacific with him.
400
00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:30,999
The information is priceless.
401
00:20:31,000 --> 00:20:34,759
Whilst maps of the New World
were riddled with inaccuracies,
402
00:20:34,760 --> 00:20:37,919
they nevertheless provided
a basic sense of lands
403
00:20:37,920 --> 00:20:41,559
little known to the English
captain and his men.
404
00:20:41,560 --> 00:20:42,839
[Blakemore] The Spanish
and Portuguese empires
405
00:20:42,840 --> 00:20:44,759
really tried to control
navigational knowledge
406
00:20:44,760 --> 00:20:47,519
because it was so valuable,
so maps of the Americas
407
00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:49,559
were tightly regulated
in the early period
408
00:20:49,560 --> 00:20:52,359
of the Spanish
and Portuguese empires.
409
00:20:52,360 --> 00:20:54,039
[Narrator] Drake
makes a decision.
410
00:20:54,040 --> 00:20:56,559
They'll sail west
from Cape Verde,
411
00:20:56,560 --> 00:20:59,679
hitting South America
and pushing south,
412
00:20:59,680 --> 00:21:00,759
where they will face
413
00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:03,080
the treacherous
Straits of Magellan.
414
00:21:09,681 --> 00:21:11,999
But it's going to take them
415
00:21:12,000 --> 00:21:14,919
several months
to cross the Atlantic.
416
00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:17,279
Having risen through
the ranks himself,
417
00:21:17,280 --> 00:21:19,999
Drake knows that
the success of the voyage
418
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:22,639
depends on the morale
of his crew.
419
00:21:22,640 --> 00:21:27,239
Even as captain, he joins in on
the rougher tasks of seafaring.
420
00:21:27,240 --> 00:21:29,999
[Lambert] Conditions
are very cramped.
421
00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:34,519
Mariners would sleep either
on the main deck or below.
422
00:21:34,520 --> 00:21:36,479
It's extremely wet.
423
00:21:36,480 --> 00:21:38,999
They would only usually
have one pair of clothing,
424
00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:43,559
so the clothing gets caked
in salt quite easily.
425
00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:46,239
[Blakemore] Ships are fragile.
They are perishable.
426
00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:49,640
Wood rots.
Rope decays and frays.
427
00:21:51,240 --> 00:21:54,119
Part of the life of sailors
is continually repairing
428
00:21:54,120 --> 00:21:56,199
these ships simply
to keep them afloat.
429
00:21:56,200 --> 00:21:57,999
And it makes you think
about the amount of effort
430
00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:01,720
that goes into these really long
voyages over months and years.
431
00:22:04,400 --> 00:22:06,919
[Lambert] Food is rudimentary.
432
00:22:06,920 --> 00:22:10,759
You would have ship's biscuit,
a hard kind of tack.
433
00:22:10,760 --> 00:22:12,839
The hunt for fresh water
is a perennial problem
434
00:22:12,840 --> 00:22:14,800
that they're
always trying to solve.
435
00:22:16,171 --> 00:22:20,199
[Blakemore] We think
about the kind of grimness
436
00:22:20,200 --> 00:22:22,079
and the hardship
of these voyages,
437
00:22:22,080 --> 00:22:23,639
and that's absolutely true,
but there's also
438
00:22:23,640 --> 00:22:26,160
a really important
dimension of community.
439
00:22:26,161 --> 00:22:29,959
[Lambert] There's probably
gambling activities
440
00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:33,119
and things like that
occurring on board these ships.
441
00:22:33,120 --> 00:22:34,239
Wills will say, you know,
442
00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:37,279
you must pay this person
the money I owe him.
443
00:22:37,280 --> 00:22:46,759
? ?
444
00:22:46,760 --> 00:22:48,039
[Blakemore]
He clearly cares deeply
445
00:22:48,040 --> 00:22:50,239
for the men under his command.
446
00:22:50,240 --> 00:22:53,039
For example, we know
that very few sailors
447
00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:55,519
die of scurvy or sickness
during his voyages,
448
00:22:55,520 --> 00:22:57,319
which is quite unusual
at the time,
449
00:22:57,320 --> 00:22:59,319
so he's clearly taking measures
450
00:22:59,320 --> 00:23:03,359
to protect the people
serving with him.
451
00:23:03,360 --> 00:23:07,239
He is motivating the sailors
who are joining him.
452
00:23:07,240 --> 00:23:09,159
The men do get a share
of the plunder,
453
00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:10,719
perhaps not as much
as he got himself,
454
00:23:10,720 --> 00:23:13,719
but certainly he seems
to be rewarding them.
455
00:23:13,720 --> 00:23:17,559
But he's also not
hesitating to be brutal
456
00:23:17,560 --> 00:23:20,239
when he feels that
the circumstances demand it.
457
00:23:20,240 --> 00:23:26,119
? ?
458
00:23:26,120 --> 00:23:29,679
[Narrator] As the expedition
drags on into the unknown,
459
00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:32,799
the ships pushing
ever further south,
460
00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:37,799
the crew begin to suspect Drake
has deliberately misled them.
461
00:23:37,800 --> 00:23:39,759
This will be
a far lengthier voyage
462
00:23:39,760 --> 00:23:43,999
than they had expected
or been promised.
463
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:47,079
Some men begin
to openly complain;
464
00:23:47,080 --> 00:23:49,799
others conspire in secret.
465
00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:53,079
The most vocal among them
is Thomas Doughty,
466
00:23:53,080 --> 00:23:55,799
Drake's second-in-command.
467
00:23:55,800 --> 00:23:57,279
[Lambert] Doughty's a gentleman,
468
00:23:57,280 --> 00:23:59,799
so Drake sees him as
a challenge to his authority.
469
00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:02,239
And this is a real issue
for Drake.
470
00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:03,600
He has a paranoia.
471
00:24:03,601 --> 00:24:06,559
[Blakemore] Thomas Doughty
seems to think
472
00:24:06,560 --> 00:24:08,959
that he's sharing
command with Drake.
473
00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:10,319
That's not how Drake sees it.
474
00:24:10,320 --> 00:24:14,719
He, first of all, moves Doughty
to a less important ship,
475
00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:17,759
and then he puts him
on trial for treason.
476
00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:19,239
[Narrator] Drake
knows he cannot afford
477
00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:22,479
to be witnessed
tolerating disobedience.
478
00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:25,959
He must secure
his position as captain.
479
00:24:25,960 --> 00:24:27,999
Having carefully
selected a jury,
480
00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:31,839
Drake ruthlessly prosecutes the
case against his former friend.
481
00:24:31,840 --> 00:24:42,399
? ?
482
00:24:42,400 --> 00:24:45,239
[shouting]
483
00:24:45,240 --> 00:24:46,839
[Lambert] The crew
was scared of Drake.
484
00:24:46,840 --> 00:24:49,039
[shouting]
485
00:24:49,040 --> 00:24:50,999
Every voyage that he goes on,
486
00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:54,039
he identifies
a particular individual
487
00:24:54,040 --> 00:24:57,399
who he has to discipline
to the crew.
488
00:24:57,400 --> 00:25:00,279
[Narrator] The crew
fall in line behind Drake.
489
00:25:00,280 --> 00:25:03,399
No one on the jury
dares vote against him,
490
00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:07,320
and Doughty is found guilty
by unanimous consent.
491
00:25:10,040 --> 00:25:12,319
Given his high status
as a gentleman,
492
00:25:12,320 --> 00:25:17,479
Doughty enjoys the cruel
luxury of a beheading,
493
00:25:17,480 --> 00:25:21,280
rather than being hanged
like a common criminal.
494
00:25:28,711 --> 00:25:31,919
[Narrator]
With renewed confidence
495
00:25:31,920 --> 00:25:34,919
in their captain's
total authority asserted,
496
00:25:34,920 --> 00:25:36,799
Drake's crew
are poised to become
497
00:25:36,800 --> 00:25:40,479
the first ever Englishmen
to sail into the Pacific Ocean.
498
00:25:40,480 --> 00:25:42,839
But before making history,
499
00:25:42,840 --> 00:25:46,919
he must face the notorious
Magellan Strait,
500
00:25:46,920 --> 00:25:51,879
a 350-mile waterway
punctuated by lethal currents,
501
00:25:51,880 --> 00:25:55,559
violent winds,
and jagged coastline.
502
00:25:55,560 --> 00:25:58,439
Drake's fleet presses on.
503
00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:00,719
[Lambert] They suffered
quite badly.
504
00:26:00,720 --> 00:26:03,360
It was freezing cold.
There were storms.
505
00:26:03,361 --> 00:26:07,879
They had to survive
by killing penguins down there
506
00:26:07,880 --> 00:26:09,479
and eating penguin meat.
507
00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:11,519
The fleet got separated
and broken up.
508
00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:12,920
It wasn't a pleasant trip.
509
00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:17,279
[Narrator] And the worst
is yet to come.
510
00:26:17,280 --> 00:26:21,399
The Pacific welcomes Drake
by unleashing a vicious storm,
511
00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:25,039
relentlessly pounding
his boats for 50 days.
512
00:26:25,040 --> 00:26:29,719
One ship is sunk.
Everyone on board drowns.
513
00:26:29,720 --> 00:26:33,679
Another abandons the voyage
and returns to England.
514
00:26:33,680 --> 00:26:37,479
Only Drake's flagship,
the Golden Hind,
515
00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:40,200
and its small crew remain.
516
00:26:40,201 --> 00:26:43,559
[Blakemore] It's very difficult
to sail that route,
517
00:26:43,560 --> 00:26:45,439
and things are looking
pretty hairy
518
00:26:45,440 --> 00:26:47,239
by the time
they reach South America.
519
00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:50,439
But the Spanish Empire there
is really not prepared
520
00:26:50,440 --> 00:26:52,760
for the arrival
of an English ship.
521
00:26:52,971 --> 00:26:59,359
[Lambert] Spanish ships on that
side of Panama, down into Chile,
522
00:26:59,360 --> 00:27:01,439
on the Pacific side,
they're not armed.
523
00:27:01,440 --> 00:27:04,080
They don't expect someone
like Drake to be there.
524
00:27:04,081 --> 00:27:08,359
[Blakemore] The first thing
they do on arrival is construct
525
00:27:08,360 --> 00:27:11,119
more smaller vessels
to help them sail around
526
00:27:11,120 --> 00:27:13,079
on sort of coastal
voyages as well.
527
00:27:13,080 --> 00:27:15,799
So they begin to raid
these major Spanish settlements
528
00:27:15,800 --> 00:27:18,320
all along the coast
of South America.
529
00:27:22,120 --> 00:27:23,799
[Narrator] 11 perilous months
530
00:27:23,800 --> 00:27:26,839
have passed since
the expedition left England.
531
00:27:26,840 --> 00:27:28,999
Finally, a determined Drake
532
00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:31,759
works his way up
the Pacific coast,
533
00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:35,319
the soft underbelly
of Spain's New World empire.
534
00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:39,439
He strikes several towns
in quick succession.
535
00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:42,199
At Valpara�so, his men
loot the storehouse,
536
00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:45,959
making off with thousands
of bottles of wine.
537
00:27:45,960 --> 00:27:48,479
At La Herradura,
they steal pigs
538
00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:51,759
before being repelled
by Spanish horsemen.
539
00:27:51,760 --> 00:27:56,040
And at Arica, they pillage
two ships, plundering silver.
540
00:27:56,041 --> 00:27:59,279
[Lambert] Those raids
follow the same pattern
541
00:27:59,280 --> 00:28:01,159
as they do in the Caribbean.
542
00:28:01,160 --> 00:28:02,519
They'll enter a harbor,
543
00:28:02,520 --> 00:28:04,039
sometimes they'll go in,
sometimes they won't,
544
00:28:04,040 --> 00:28:07,119
it depends on what the defenses
are like within that place.
545
00:28:07,120 --> 00:28:08,959
They will usually try
and capture ships
546
00:28:08,960 --> 00:28:11,159
that are sat
riding in the harbor.
547
00:28:11,160 --> 00:28:12,319
If there's anything on them,
548
00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:14,600
they'll rifle them
and take things off them.
549
00:28:14,991 --> 00:28:20,279
[Blakemore] He's taking
prisoners who apparently
550
00:28:20,280 --> 00:28:23,199
his crews are torturing
to get them to reveal
551
00:28:23,200 --> 00:28:24,439
where their wealth is hidden
552
00:28:24,440 --> 00:28:26,759
aboard the ship
that they've captured.
553
00:28:26,760 --> 00:28:31,159
[Narrator] So far, the raiding
has brought only modest return.
554
00:28:31,160 --> 00:28:34,279
Drake has heard whispers
of the riches to be discovered
555
00:28:34,280 --> 00:28:36,279
aboard a treasure galleon
556
00:28:36,280 --> 00:28:39,519
named Nuestra Se�ora
de la Concepci�n,
557
00:28:39,520 --> 00:28:42,839
but the ship proves elusive.
558
00:28:42,840 --> 00:28:47,279
That is until, during their
17th arduous month at sea,
559
00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:51,199
Drake spots the Concepci�n
off the coast of Peru.
560
00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:54,879
He and his men close in
on their prize,
561
00:28:54,880 --> 00:28:59,639
a haul large enough to finally
justify their expedition.
562
00:28:59,640 --> 00:29:03,999
Disguising the Golden Hind
as an innocuous trading vessel,
563
00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:08,359
the wily pirate tracks
the Concepci�n until nightfall,
564
00:29:08,360 --> 00:29:10,399
when he strikes.
565
00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:16,119
[gunfire]
566
00:29:16,120 --> 00:29:18,639
Firing a broadside
into the galleon,
567
00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:20,759
the Spaniards
are caught unprepared,
568
00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:22,959
their cannons silent.
569
00:29:22,960 --> 00:29:26,279
They surrender instantly.
570
00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:32,479
? ?
571
00:29:32,480 --> 00:29:34,159
[Lambert] It's this ship
in particular that's probably
572
00:29:34,160 --> 00:29:37,399
responsible for the few hundred
thousand pound in money
573
00:29:37,400 --> 00:29:39,359
that Drake brings back.
574
00:29:39,360 --> 00:29:42,159
Several million
in today's money.
575
00:29:42,160 --> 00:29:44,159
In fact, they say
that they captured so much
576
00:29:44,160 --> 00:29:46,639
that they don't use stones
as ballast anymore.
577
00:29:46,640 --> 00:29:49,480
They use silver bars
as ballast for the ship.
578
00:29:51,680 --> 00:29:55,839
So it's a huge cache of silver
579
00:29:55,840 --> 00:29:59,320
and also the precious items that
Drake captures on that vessel.
580
00:30:01,320 --> 00:30:04,839
[Narrator] Drake plunders
rare jewels, 80 pounds of gold,
581
00:30:04,840 --> 00:30:06,879
and a mountain of silver.
582
00:30:06,880 --> 00:30:10,839
No Englishman has ever seized
such an impressive prize.
583
00:30:10,840 --> 00:30:13,639
Drake and his men
will be extremely rich
584
00:30:13,640 --> 00:30:18,039
if they survive the long voyage
home through enemy waters.
585
00:30:18,040 --> 00:30:20,759
It will be months,
if not years,
586
00:30:20,760 --> 00:30:23,559
before they reach safe harbor.
587
00:30:23,560 --> 00:30:28,559
In that time, death
could strike at any moment-
588
00:30:28,560 --> 00:30:32,919
from shipwreck, battle,
or disease-
589
00:30:32,920 --> 00:30:35,399
and if captured by the Spanish,
590
00:30:35,400 --> 00:30:37,639
Drake and every last one
of his men
591
00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:41,040
would be tried as pirates
and face the noose.
592
00:30:46,920 --> 00:30:51,319
? ?
593
00:30:51,320 --> 00:30:54,919
[Narrator] Drake continues
to raid the coast,
594
00:30:54,920 --> 00:30:58,799
eventually reaching
the Mexican port of Huatulco
595
00:30:58,800 --> 00:31:01,639
in April 1579.
596
00:31:01,640 --> 00:31:04,279
Having seized
the settlement's valuables,
597
00:31:04,280 --> 00:31:08,159
Drake's gaze lands
on their Catholic church.
598
00:31:08,160 --> 00:31:09,719
[Jorge Ca�izares-Esguerra]
Drake arrived in many
599
00:31:09,720 --> 00:31:11,759
of these places and began to
600
00:31:11,760 --> 00:31:16,079
do destruction of religious
images in churches.
601
00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:21,679
Drake and his peers
were often seen as heretics,
602
00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:23,679
destroyers of cities,
603
00:31:23,680 --> 00:31:27,039
particularly targeting
their churches.
604
00:31:27,040 --> 00:31:30,079
[Narrator] Drake and his crew
smash crucifixes,
605
00:31:30,080 --> 00:31:32,319
remove all the bells
from the belfry,
606
00:31:32,320 --> 00:31:35,679
and take the priest
as their hostage.
607
00:31:35,680 --> 00:31:39,199
Reports of this Protestant
attack on the Catholic Church
608
00:31:39,200 --> 00:31:43,479
turn Drake into a despised
figure throughout Spain.
609
00:31:43,480 --> 00:31:45,119
[Hanna] The Spanish saw him
as one of the greatest enemies
610
00:31:45,120 --> 00:31:47,839
that they've ever had
in their entire history.
611
00:31:47,840 --> 00:31:49,959
[Ca�izares-Esguerra]
He was known as the Dragon
612
00:31:49,960 --> 00:31:51,839
of the Apocalypse,
613
00:31:51,840 --> 00:31:54,759
the multiheaded dragon.
614
00:31:54,760 --> 00:31:57,399
[Hanna] The Spanish put
a massive ransom on his head
615
00:31:57,400 --> 00:31:59,479
to sort of capture him.
616
00:31:59,480 --> 00:32:01,759
[Lambert] He feared that going
back across the Atlantic,
617
00:32:01,760 --> 00:32:04,959
that there would be
a Spanish fleet waiting for him.
618
00:32:04,960 --> 00:32:07,959
[Narrator] Spanish warships
are closing in.
619
00:32:07,960 --> 00:32:11,319
If Drake attempts to sail east
through the Magellan Strait,
620
00:32:11,320 --> 00:32:14,079
the Golden Hind will almost
certainly be destroyed
621
00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:16,319
by an enemy fleet.
622
00:32:16,320 --> 00:32:18,799
He's left with only
one other option-
623
00:32:18,800 --> 00:32:22,319
sail west on a long,
perilous journey
624
00:32:22,320 --> 00:32:25,559
across a hostile Pacific Ocean.
625
00:32:25,560 --> 00:32:28,039
[Lambert] The idea slowly
formulates with Drake
626
00:32:28,040 --> 00:32:31,119
about making the trip
across the Pacific.
627
00:32:31,120 --> 00:32:34,519
So, in a sense,
the circumnavigation happens
628
00:32:34,520 --> 00:32:38,479
because Drake doesn't want to go
back through the Atlantic.
629
00:32:38,480 --> 00:32:41,799
[Narrator] July 1579.
630
00:32:41,800 --> 00:32:46,119
A weather-beaten Golden Hind
leaves the coves of California
631
00:32:46,120 --> 00:32:51,359
and heads west into the vast
unknown of the Pacific Ocean.
632
00:32:51,360 --> 00:32:55,519
Drake's crew have been at sea
for nearly two years.
633
00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:58,880
The return journey
will be longer still.
634
00:33:01,280 --> 00:33:04,559
For 68 monotonous
days and nights,
635
00:33:04,560 --> 00:33:07,879
Drake and his men
face an endless sea.
636
00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:11,959
But then, finally,
they spot land,
637
00:33:11,960 --> 00:33:16,039
a small island in
the Micronesian archipelago.
638
00:33:16,040 --> 00:33:17,639
From there, the Golden Hind
639
00:33:17,640 --> 00:33:19,799
picks her way
through the East Indies,
640
00:33:19,800 --> 00:33:23,879
crosses the Indian Ocean, and
rounds the Cape of Good Hope.
641
00:33:23,880 --> 00:33:28,359
At last, they're back in the
familiar wash of the Atlantic.
642
00:33:28,360 --> 00:33:30,680
Drake pushes for home.
643
00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:34,759
The Golden Hind
docks at Plymouth
644
00:33:34,760 --> 00:33:38,000
on September 26, 1580.
645
00:33:39,800 --> 00:33:43,559
164 men had left England,
646
00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:45,719
and three tough years later,
647
00:33:45,720 --> 00:33:47,800
only 59 return.
648
00:33:49,160 --> 00:33:50,719
The survivors claim a feat
649
00:33:50,720 --> 00:33:55,239
unlike any other Englishmen
before them-
650
00:33:55,240 --> 00:33:58,760
a successful circumnavigation
of the globe.
651
00:34:00,291 --> 00:34:05,559
[Hanna] One of the most amazing
elements of the Age of Sail
652
00:34:05,560 --> 00:34:08,239
is the sheer amount of risk
653
00:34:08,240 --> 00:34:12,119
it took to go
on one of these voyages.
654
00:34:12,120 --> 00:34:13,479
And Drake's is
a good example of that,
655
00:34:13,480 --> 00:34:15,479
having hundreds of men
on board ship when they leave,
656
00:34:15,480 --> 00:34:17,799
all very excited to have
the adventurous trip
657
00:34:17,800 --> 00:34:21,959
and only to have dozens be alive
when they return back home.
658
00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:25,959
And even that is lauded
as a successful voyage.
659
00:34:25,960 --> 00:34:30,319
But those 59 all shared
in a massive amount of wealth.
660
00:34:30,320 --> 00:34:35,000
? ?
661
00:34:37,320 --> 00:34:40,839
? ?
662
00:34:40,840 --> 00:34:42,359
[Blakemore] The first
thing that he does
663
00:34:42,360 --> 00:34:43,719
when sailing into England,
664
00:34:43,720 --> 00:34:46,319
when he meets a boat
coming out of England, is ask,
665
00:34:46,320 --> 00:34:48,279
"Is Queen Elizabeth
still alive?"
666
00:34:48,280 --> 00:34:50,679
Because he's clearly worried
that if she's dead
667
00:34:50,680 --> 00:34:52,119
and a successor has taken over,
668
00:34:52,120 --> 00:34:54,439
they might look differently
on his actions,
669
00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:57,879
and he might get
into some serious trouble.
670
00:34:57,880 --> 00:35:02,439
Luckily for him, she is alive
and he is welcomed as a hero.
671
00:35:02,440 --> 00:35:04,439
[Narrator] Drake deposited
loot to the value
672
00:35:04,440 --> 00:35:07,919
of roughly 264,000 pounds
673
00:35:07,920 --> 00:35:10,159
in the vaults
of the Tower of London,
674
00:35:10,160 --> 00:35:14,919
a sum equivalent
to $100 million today.
675
00:35:14,920 --> 00:35:17,239
[Blakemore] That plunder
first had to go through
676
00:35:17,240 --> 00:35:19,279
a legal process,
at least in theory,
677
00:35:19,280 --> 00:35:21,119
and some part of it
was due to the queen.
678
00:35:21,120 --> 00:35:24,759
And then what was left
was shared out to the suppliers
679
00:35:24,760 --> 00:35:27,679
who had provided the ship, also
to the captain and to the crew.
680
00:35:27,680 --> 00:35:29,599
And different members
of the crew got different shares
681
00:35:29,600 --> 00:35:32,119
depending on their rank.
682
00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:34,479
[Narrator] The queen authorized
her favorite pirate
683
00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:36,799
to pocket 10,000 pounds,
684
00:35:36,800 --> 00:35:40,079
almost $5 million
in today's money,
685
00:35:40,080 --> 00:35:43,239
and to distribute
a further 8,000 pounds
686
00:35:43,240 --> 00:35:46,439
amongst his faithful crew.
687
00:35:46,440 --> 00:35:49,359
[Blakemore] The sailors probably
make years' worth of wages
688
00:35:49,360 --> 00:35:51,159
in just that one voyage.
689
00:35:51,160 --> 00:35:53,719
And there's a lot of concern
amongst Crown officials
690
00:35:53,720 --> 00:35:56,239
that actually the sailors,
who are the ones on the ship,
691
00:35:56,240 --> 00:35:58,879
are taking a lot of it before
it even gets to the judges.
692
00:35:58,880 --> 00:36:01,079
And so the Crown
is continually concerned
693
00:36:01,080 --> 00:36:02,679
that they are not
getting their full share
694
00:36:02,680 --> 00:36:04,799
because by the time
they get down to the ship,
695
00:36:04,800 --> 00:36:06,599
a lot of it has already
been snuck away
696
00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:08,279
into the taverns
and the local shops
697
00:36:08,280 --> 00:36:10,679
of the maritime communities.
698
00:36:10,680 --> 00:36:13,719
[Narrator] Even so, the Crown's
share of Drake's haul
699
00:36:13,720 --> 00:36:18,039
was still greater than the
queen's usual annual revenue.
700
00:36:18,040 --> 00:36:20,279
[Lambert] Elizabeth is
obviously happy at this,
701
00:36:20,280 --> 00:36:23,159
but she doesn't want
to overly publicize this
702
00:36:23,160 --> 00:36:24,839
for obvious reasons,
that she doesn't want
703
00:36:24,840 --> 00:36:28,359
to antagonize the Spanish
even more.
704
00:36:28,360 --> 00:36:31,119
The narrative of the voyage
is suppressed.
705
00:36:31,120 --> 00:36:34,960
There's clearly sensitivity
about what's happened.
706
00:36:36,680 --> 00:36:40,039
[Narrator] Francis Drake proves
to be a contentious figure.
707
00:36:40,040 --> 00:36:43,159
Courtiers and merchants
believe he has unsettled
708
00:36:43,160 --> 00:36:47,599
a delicate balance
of affairs across Europe.
709
00:36:47,600 --> 00:36:50,559
[Blakemore] When he comes to
court, some of the wealthy elite
710
00:36:50,560 --> 00:36:54,119
will refuse to meet with him,
refuse to take gifts from him,
711
00:36:54,120 --> 00:36:55,799
refuse to encounter him
712
00:36:55,800 --> 00:36:59,719
because he has
this very divisive reputation.
713
00:36:59,720 --> 00:37:02,919
[Narrator] Meanwhile, reports
of Drake's violent excesses
714
00:37:02,920 --> 00:37:08,119
at sea, his blatant acts
of piracy, begin to circulate,
715
00:37:08,120 --> 00:37:11,440
throwing into question
his status as a hero.
716
00:37:17,591 --> 00:37:23,399
[Blakemore] There's one
particularly interesting example
717
00:37:23,400 --> 00:37:27,039
where he and his sailors
during the circumnavigation
718
00:37:27,040 --> 00:37:29,119
capture several African people,
719
00:37:29,120 --> 00:37:34,279
one of whom is a woman
who we think was called Maria.
720
00:37:34,280 --> 00:37:36,199
[Cusworth]
She was heavily pregnant.
721
00:37:36,200 --> 00:37:39,119
We get the sense that
she probably became pregnant
722
00:37:39,120 --> 00:37:40,879
on Drake's ship,
723
00:37:40,880 --> 00:37:44,559
so she seems like she's in an
incredibly vulnerable position
724
00:37:44,560 --> 00:37:47,800
and that she might have been
subject to sexual assault.
725
00:37:47,801 --> 00:37:51,679
There have been a number
of people who have said
726
00:37:51,680 --> 00:37:54,679
that the father
of Maria's child was Drake,
727
00:37:54,680 --> 00:37:59,159
but there isn't anything
that definitely proves that.
728
00:37:59,160 --> 00:38:02,879
I think what we do know was
that Drake didn't protect her.
729
00:38:02,880 --> 00:38:08,119
? ?
730
00:38:08,120 --> 00:38:10,039
[Blakemore] They leave
Maria on an island
731
00:38:10,040 --> 00:38:12,399
in the Indian Ocean,
732
00:38:12,400 --> 00:38:13,399
and he's probably doing that
733
00:38:13,400 --> 00:38:16,479
to protect his reputation
back home,
734
00:38:16,480 --> 00:38:19,239
but it's actually recorded
by writers at the time,
735
00:38:19,240 --> 00:38:21,919
so it's clearly a rumor
that's getting home somehow.
736
00:38:21,920 --> 00:38:27,720
? ?
737
00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:36,119
[Narrator] April 1581.
738
00:38:36,120 --> 00:38:39,719
Despite whispers
of his betrayal of Maria,
739
00:38:39,720 --> 00:38:41,679
Drake is knighted
by Queen Elizabeth
740
00:38:41,680 --> 00:38:45,839
on board his flagship,
the Golden Hind.
741
00:38:45,840 --> 00:38:49,599
A bloody career of violent
piracy is legitimized,
742
00:38:49,600 --> 00:38:54,399
elevating Drake
into English high society.
743
00:38:54,400 --> 00:38:56,999
[Blakemore] Him being
knighted represents this shift
744
00:38:57,000 --> 00:39:01,399
towards the image
of a maritime hero.
745
00:39:01,400 --> 00:39:03,199
[Lambert] The French ambassador
and all the other people there,
746
00:39:03,200 --> 00:39:05,359
it's a grand affair,
it's very public,
747
00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:08,599
and so Elizabeth is showing
that she respects Drake
748
00:39:08,600 --> 00:39:10,600
and that she's accepted him.
749
00:39:10,601 --> 00:39:14,919
[Hanna] Not only was Drake
knighted by the queen,
750
00:39:14,920 --> 00:39:17,519
but he was made mayor
of Plymouth.
751
00:39:17,520 --> 00:39:19,119
For Drake
and his own self-image,
752
00:39:19,120 --> 00:39:20,439
that was actually one
of the most important things
753
00:39:20,440 --> 00:39:22,199
he ever achieved,
as well as eventually becoming
754
00:39:22,200 --> 00:39:23,800
a member of Parliament.
755
00:39:31,560 --> 00:39:34,239
[Narrator] Drake's story
isn't over yet.
756
00:39:34,240 --> 00:39:39,079
In 1588, war breaks out
between England and Spain.
757
00:39:39,080 --> 00:39:43,159
Queen Elizabeth calls on Drake
to serve as her vice admiral,
758
00:39:43,160 --> 00:39:46,359
charged with fending off
the mighty Spanish Armada,
759
00:39:46,360 --> 00:39:51,080
a fighting force of 73 ships
and 30,000 men.
760
00:39:53,120 --> 00:39:54,959
[gunfire and swords clashing]
761
00:39:54,960 --> 00:39:58,279
Drake succeeds,
762
00:39:58,280 --> 00:40:01,879
defeating the Spaniards
with a far smaller force.
763
00:40:01,880 --> 00:40:04,359
At the age of 46,
the mariner's life
764
00:40:04,360 --> 00:40:07,839
has seen an incredible
transformation-
765
00:40:07,840 --> 00:40:10,639
from commoner, to pirate,
766
00:40:10,640 --> 00:40:14,479
to a victorious commander
of Queen Elizabeth's navy.
767
00:40:14,480 --> 00:40:18,919
And yet as rapidly
as he rises, Drake falls.
768
00:40:18,920 --> 00:40:23,119
The following year, he leads
a disastrous attack on Spain.
769
00:40:23,120 --> 00:40:26,279
His force is
violently repulsed,
770
00:40:26,280 --> 00:40:30,359
with roughly 10,000
Englishmen left dead.
771
00:40:30,360 --> 00:40:33,279
He drifts home to England,
humiliated,
772
00:40:33,280 --> 00:40:35,680
his name falling out of favor.
773
00:40:40,960 --> 00:40:44,200
It's seven years until
he's given another command.
774
00:40:46,240 --> 00:40:48,919
August 1595.
775
00:40:48,920 --> 00:40:50,719
Drake sets sail
for the Caribbean
776
00:40:50,720 --> 00:40:54,679
for what would become
his final campaign.
777
00:40:54,680 --> 00:40:57,759
[Lambert] It's a voyage
that breaks down quite a bit.
778
00:40:57,760 --> 00:41:02,239
There's fractious relationships
between members of the crew.
779
00:41:02,240 --> 00:41:05,720
But, of course, the big issue
on these voyages is disease.
780
00:41:08,040 --> 00:41:10,559
[Narrator] Drake's
campaign disintegrates.
781
00:41:10,560 --> 00:41:12,959
The Spanish ships
policing the Caribbean
782
00:41:12,960 --> 00:41:17,599
have grown stronger
and wiser to his tactics.
783
00:41:17,600 --> 00:41:20,599
Meanwhile, a fever ravages
the English crew,
784
00:41:20,600 --> 00:41:24,079
seizing lives on a whim,
785
00:41:24,080 --> 00:41:27,359
and Drake falls ill.
786
00:41:27,360 --> 00:41:31,079
January 28, 1596.
787
00:41:31,080 --> 00:41:33,839
Drake dies.
788
00:41:33,840 --> 00:41:37,799
He's buried at sea
in a lead-lined coffin.
789
00:41:37,800 --> 00:41:40,639
To this day,
treasure hunters search
790
00:41:40,640 --> 00:41:43,399
for Drake's
final resting place,
791
00:41:43,400 --> 00:41:46,240
but his remains
have never been found.
792
00:41:52,120 --> 00:41:54,319
Sir Francis Drake
measured his success
793
00:41:54,320 --> 00:41:58,999
in the ships he captured,
the cities he plundered,
794
00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:02,839
and the oceans whose
waves he battled against.
795
00:42:02,840 --> 00:42:04,839
[thunder]
796
00:42:04,840 --> 00:42:07,119
[Blakemore] I think he's
a very complex character,
797
00:42:07,120 --> 00:42:11,839
and I think he's characteristic
of the complexities of that age.
798
00:42:11,840 --> 00:42:13,839
[Narrator] He transcended
his bleak beginnings
799
00:42:13,840 --> 00:42:17,759
through determination,
great risk, and a ruthlessness
800
00:42:17,760 --> 00:42:21,279
which bore little consideration
for human life.
801
00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:24,039
[Lambert] I think Drake
is a very ambitious man
802
00:42:24,040 --> 00:42:25,519
who knew exactly
what he wanted.
803
00:42:25,520 --> 00:42:28,279
And he did raise himself
through piracy
804
00:42:28,280 --> 00:42:31,879
to become an extremely
wealthy individual,
805
00:42:31,880 --> 00:42:35,479
to rise to the heights
of the social strata.
806
00:42:35,480 --> 00:42:37,879
So he's successful
in that regard.
807
00:42:37,880 --> 00:42:39,439
But I wouldn't trust Drake.
808
00:42:39,440 --> 00:42:43,359
He was a man who looked
after his own interests.
809
00:42:43,360 --> 00:42:45,719
[Narrator] During
his tumultuous lifetime,
810
00:42:45,720 --> 00:42:50,279
he found status as a great hero
to the Protestant English
811
00:42:50,280 --> 00:42:53,919
and as Catholic Spain's
most detested enemy
812
00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:56,959
whilst also becoming
the first Englishman
813
00:42:56,960 --> 00:43:00,439
to successfully
circumnavigate the globe.
814
00:43:00,440 --> 00:43:02,479
[Cusworth] Drake's
circumnavigation of the globe
815
00:43:02,480 --> 00:43:04,159
was incredibly significant.
816
00:43:04,160 --> 00:43:07,439
I think it showed
that England was a naval force
817
00:43:07,440 --> 00:43:11,519
to be reckoned with,
and Britain becomes a big empire
818
00:43:11,520 --> 00:43:14,079
on the basis
of its naval supremacy.
819
00:43:14,080 --> 00:43:16,719
[Narrator] But to truly
understand Drake's legacy,
820
00:43:16,720 --> 00:43:20,559
we must follow those English
sailors who emerged in his wake
821
00:43:20,560 --> 00:43:22,919
for generations to come.
822
00:43:22,920 --> 00:43:27,119
Pirates and privateers
inspired by Drake
823
00:43:27,120 --> 00:43:28,759
would descend
upon the Caribbean
824
00:43:28,760 --> 00:43:33,679
seeking fame and fortune doing
whatever they felt necessary
825
00:43:33,680 --> 00:43:37,439
to seize an almost
ever-elusive treasure.
826
00:43:37,440 --> 00:43:39,959
[Hanna] So, in some ways,
he is the most heroic
827
00:43:39,960 --> 00:43:44,199
and the most anti-heroic
naval figure in world history.
828
00:43:44,200 --> 00:43:46,679
[Narrator]
Francis Drake was dead,
829
00:43:46,680 --> 00:43:52,080
but the great age of piracy
had only just begun.
830
00:43:52,130 --> 00:43:56,680
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