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{\an8}The Ermine of Brittany,
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{\an8}which was one of the favorite animals
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{\an8}of the Dukes of Brittany, is a symbolic animal
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that is a sign of fidelity,
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loyalty and also purity.
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{\an8}Louis d'Orléans was one of the main lords
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{\an8}to oppose Anne de Beaujeu.
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{\an8}Louis D'Orléans
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{\an8}fought side by side with François II.
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He also fought on the Breton side
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against the king of France.
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Anne of Brittany was François II's sole heir.
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{\an8}The Duke of Brittany wanted to avoid
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Anne's marriage to the king of France,
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in order to maintain her independence.
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François II died shortly after
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the battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier.
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Anne of Brittany was only eleven
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when she was given the title of Duchess.
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Charles and Anne's wedding
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took place during the war
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and the marriage was imposed on her.
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The relationship between Anne of Brittany
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and Charles VIII was an antagonistic one.
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There was a contract stipulating
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she could no longer officially bear
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the title of Duchess of Brittany
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for the duration of Charles VIII's reign.
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Anne is clearly defeated,
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but this did not prevent her
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from fulfilling her duty towards Charles VIII,
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as she went on
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to have six consecutive pregnancies.
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Of these pregnancies,
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two children died in infancy,
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and the others ended in miscarriages.
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She was expected to publicly present
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as a perfect queen, pious,
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and loyal to her husband, of course.
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Anne of Brittany also could not bear
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her husband's indiscretions,
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as he continuously sees other women
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while in Italy.
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{\an8}It is important to consider
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{\an8}how confident we can be
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{\an8}in the accuracy of these stories
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{\an8}as they've been passed down
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{\an8}especially from the 14th,
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{\an8}15th, and 16th centuries
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when so little was actually written down,
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and we do realize
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that we are basing our understanding
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on the accounts of people who may have
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written these stories many years
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after the King's passing.
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I find it very surprising, if not impossible,
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to believe he died from a head trauma.
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Why do I think this is impossible?
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The kinetic force from hitting a door
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wouldn't be enough to cause
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such a severe case of head trauma.
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For an acute subdural hematoma
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there would have to be a strong kinetic force,
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such as from a fall from over two stories high
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or a crash going at least 30 kilometres an hour.
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Philippe de Commines' relationship
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to the family is an old one,
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but he did not support Charles VIII's
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early political ambitions,
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which led to his being captured
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and imprisoned in 1487.
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The fact that he told his own story
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means that he may have embellished
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{\an8}or invented some things.
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{\an8}Reading his memoirs,
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{\an8}you get the sense that he was there
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but there is no evidence attesting
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that he was in Amboise
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on the day of Charles' death.
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And here, we are dealing with a real enigma.
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Charles VIII only had a priest by his side,
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so we have to ask ourselves why?
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What were the surgeons doing?
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What were the doctors doing during that time?
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This is also something that surprised
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a lot of historians
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who don't understand why a French king
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wasn't surrounded by all his doctors
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in his room.
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What we're proposing as a hypothesis
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is that he had epileptic seizures.
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It is possible that the idea of epilepsy
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was not well-received at the time.
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Suggesting that the king
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was possessed by a demon
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wouldn't have been possible,
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and so he may have connected the king's death
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with the incident in which he hit his head,
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in an attempt to present his death
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to the public in an acceptable way.
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At the time, epilepsy was not well understood,
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that is for certain.
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It could be interpreted as demonic possession
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because people would be seen suddenly
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moving brutally in ways that didn't make sense,
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which might explain why nobody
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other than those close to God would go near him
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because they could fight being possessed.
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Hence the role of the priest.
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We also know that Charles VIII
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had a lot of mistresses,
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he had a lot of girlfriends.
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So, the theory we're putting forward
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to explain Charles VIII's death
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is the well-known sexually transmitted disease,
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syphilis.
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When Charles VIII invaded Naples,
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there was a syphilis epidemic there.
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What is also certain,
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is that a poet who accompanied the king
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to write the story
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of his seven invasions of Italy
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described that the king had caught syphilis,
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which would explain why he was weaker
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towards the end of his life.
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We can then consider neurosyphilis,
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in which case
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he could have had epileptic seizures.
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If not receiving adequate care,
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one can die quite suddenly.
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My name is Juan Tamariz.
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I've been a magician since I was a little boy.
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I have been a magician
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since I was four years old
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{\an8}when my parents took me to a magic theater
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{\an8}and there was a magician who took out
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{\an8}fish tanks with live fish in his hands
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So I was born at that time,
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until then I didn't exist.
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I've always believed that there are
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much better magicians than me,
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much better.
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There are even more elegant magicians,
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which seems difficult, but there are.
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But what there isn't,
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is a magician who loves magic more than me.
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As much yes, but not more.
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Are you insane?
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For me the cards have something very special.
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The cards, I have some cards here.
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For 40 years, not a single day
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have I been out on the street
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without a deck in my pocket.
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Without one, I feel I'm missing something.
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It's as if they took my soul away
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and told me to go out into the street.
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No. I have to carry my soul,
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I have to carry my deck.
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So for me, the relationship is one of passion,
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of eternal love
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and will continue to be for the next 80 years.
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I believe that in magic,
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each trick has a symbol
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that represents something very powerful;
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an impossible desire that is fulfilled.
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When I create tricks, subconsciously,
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there is a little bit of symbolism
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that is projected in the trick
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and in the performance.
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I believe that all the arts are quite close
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to magic in some way.
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Theater represents reality,
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but with real people
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who are flesh and blood actors on a stage.
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The cinema presents fantasy,
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dreams, the impossible,
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but with people who are not real, with images.
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On the other hand,
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magic has a bit of a mix of the two,
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because it represents the impossible,
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your dreams,
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but with real people;
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the magician and their spectators.
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That's why magic enchants everyone,
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especially children.
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Though not only to young children,
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but also to the inner child
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we all have within us
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and sometimes it is wonderful to perform
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and see that there is a three-year-old child
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who comes out of the stomach of a spectator
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and greets you.
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Your child and their child greet,
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smile at each other and give a smile,
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and send each other a kiss and a hug,
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and that's wonderful.
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The psychology of the human mind
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and memory is very fragile,
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and one's memory, psychology
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and perception are very easily manipulated
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by someone who knows how to control that.
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There were special clauses
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to Anne and Charles' marriage.
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One of the clauses stipulates that
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should the king of France pass away,
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Anne of Brittany would marry his successor.
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An important clause of the marriage
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was that if Charles died
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the Duchy of Brittany would return to Anne.
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As soon as Charles died,
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two days after Charles' death,
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Anne had the Chancellery of Brittany
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re-established.
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Charles' death left Anne with
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the rights and titles over her duchy once more.
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She was once again able to directly govern
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her duchy,
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in addition, she remained the Queen of France
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so she was at the peak of her political power.
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When Louis became King, everything changed.
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There was a mutual respect
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in their way of functioning
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which was already a bit rare at the time.
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Louis d'Orléans got to know Anne
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{\an8}when he pursued an alliance
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{\an8}with François II of Brittany.
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{\an8}It's an affectionate relationship
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{\an8}however she still has the duties of a Queen,
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who has to try to have children.
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But she's also in a unique position
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because she is the previous King's widow.
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And through her considerable resources,
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she's able to lead her own life at court
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as a patron,
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which enables her to travel.
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She has true autonomy.
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Which marks a huge difference
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from Anne of Brittany's first marriage,
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in which she was entirely at the mercy
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of her husband's will.
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I have no way
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of being able to support this thesis.
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We have no evidence that Charles' death
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was anything other than an accident.
16795
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