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This film completes
the Planet Earth trilogy.
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We started making
the very first series
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just over 20 years ago.
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00:00:49,342 --> 00:00:53,679
Since then, our camera teams
have filmed all over the world
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00:00:53,804 --> 00:00:58,643
and visited some of its wildest
and most remote corners.
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00:01:04,899 --> 00:01:07,944
But the truth is
that most of the animals
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we filmed over
these last two decades
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are now rarer than they were.
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And the places where they live
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are in greater danger
of destruction.
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But I've seen another change
in those years,
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a hopeful change.
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A new generation
of remarkable people
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are stepping up
to save wildlife.
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They're overcoming
huge obstacles,
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travelling to dangerous places,
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and sometimes
even risking their lives.
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To me, they are true heroes.
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This is the story
of some of them.
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Hidden in the heart
of the Andes
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is the Centro Jambatu
research centre.
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It's protecting members of
what is, perhaps surprisingly,
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the most endangered group
of animals in the world.
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Frogs.
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These individuals
are the very last
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of their particular species.
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00:02:28,107 --> 00:02:30,735
They're brought here
not only for protection,
28
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but, more importantly,
29
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to increase their numbers.
30
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And the person to find them...
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...Jaime Culebras.
32
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I was seven the first time
that I saw a frog
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and just changed my life.
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And ever since his childhood,
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he's been exploring
the remotest places
36
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and searching
for the rarest frogs.
37
00:03:03,184 --> 00:03:05,728
This is a leaf frog.
38
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He is just amazing.
39
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It's impossible
to don't fall in love
40
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with an animal like this, no?
41
00:03:20,451 --> 00:03:24,622
But there is one frog here
that is very special.
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His name -
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Sad Santiago.
44
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This is Sad Santiago,
45
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and he's sad
because he's alone.
46
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He's one of the last members
of his species.
47
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And he needs a female.
48
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Known as the Morona-Santiago
harlequin frog,
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he may be the rarest frog
in the world.
50
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While the other frogs here
are doing their best
51
00:04:02,743 --> 00:04:05,079
to increase their populations,
52
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Santiago has sat alone
for four long years.
53
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Maybe it's not
the most beautiful frog,
54
00:04:13,879 --> 00:04:16,340
but he deserves love.
55
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Santiago has now grown old,
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00:04:20,219 --> 00:04:23,389
and if Jaime can't find
a female for him soon,
57
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the whole species
could become extinct.
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00:04:27,852 --> 00:04:29,770
(THUNDER RUMBLES)
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The last place where one
of these frogs was seen...
60
00:04:37,903 --> 00:04:43,451
...was high up on a mountain
in the cloud forest of Ecuador.
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There's only one way
to get there.
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00:04:54,295 --> 00:04:55,838
(DONKEY SNORTS)
63
00:05:06,765 --> 00:05:10,728
Joining him
is fellow frog-hunter Darwin
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00:05:10,853 --> 00:05:15,524
and Jaime's partner
and frog scientist Francesca.
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Ohh!
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Come on, come on.
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Arriba.
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FRANCESCA: This is one of
the wettest places on Earth,
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and right now
it's actually the wet season,
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the rainy season,
71
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so it rains even more.
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Soaking wet
and teeming with bugs...
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...It's a perfect place
for frogs.
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Let's go.
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Most frogs come out of hiding
at night.
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This place
is extremely wonderful,
77
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but you have to be careful
where you put your hands.
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00:06:11,163 --> 00:06:13,123
FRANCESCA: Being with him is...
79
00:06:13,249 --> 00:06:14,875
It's unusual.
80
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It's not your regular
relationship. (LAUGHS)
81
00:06:21,507 --> 00:06:24,635
Oh. He's obsessed.
He's really obsessed.
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Streams like this
should be full of frogs
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of many different species...
84
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...but they search all night
and find nothing.
85
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JAIME: It's a silent forest.
86
00:06:46,991 --> 00:06:48,409
It's sad.
87
00:06:54,623 --> 00:07:00,421
The sound of frogs is slowly
disappearing from our world.
88
00:07:03,632 --> 00:07:04,842
The only place
89
00:07:04,967 --> 00:07:08,554
many frog species
can now be found
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00:07:08,679 --> 00:07:10,347
is in a museum.
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00:07:13,642 --> 00:07:19,732
A key reason is the spread
of a fungus called chytrid...
92
00:07:21,025 --> 00:07:23,861
...that can grow
on the moist skins of frogs,
93
00:07:23,986 --> 00:07:25,571
eventually killing them.
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00:07:27,197 --> 00:07:30,075
90 species are thought
to have become extinct
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00:07:30,200 --> 00:07:31,744
as a consequence,
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00:07:31,869 --> 00:07:36,498
and almost 600 more
are now critically endangered.
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Before chytrid,
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00:07:41,128 --> 00:07:42,379
I'm pretty sure
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00:07:42,504 --> 00:07:45,299
that you could walk
100
00:07:45,424 --> 00:07:46,884
through the stream
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00:07:47,009 --> 00:07:49,470
and see everywhere
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many, many, many frogs
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on the rocks
calling "prrr-prrr”!
104
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I wish I had been born
before the frog disease.
105
00:08:13,827 --> 00:08:15,788
Night after night...
106
00:08:17,623 --> 00:08:18,999
...they search the stream.
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FRANCESCA: Jaime!
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JAIME: It's there.
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I found a female!
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Agh!
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Woohoo!
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It's a female! Look.
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The size is bigger than
the males.
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00:08:58,539 --> 00:08:59,957
Wow.
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00:09:00,082 --> 00:09:04,086
I feel so happy.
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The first female!
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She could be the cornerstone
of a new breeding programme.
118
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Santiago will be very, very,
very, very, very happy...
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00:09:16,765 --> 00:09:20,644
(LAUGHS) ...because
she's really beautiful.
120
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FRANCESCA: In my hand,
I have hope.
121
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I have the saviour
of this species,
122
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for breeding programmes
123
00:09:28,736 --> 00:09:30,446
and for people to reproduce it.
124
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I don't know, it's like
I just have hope in my hand.
125
00:09:36,994 --> 00:09:39,872
It's not just frogs
that are threatened.
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Of the eight million species
living on this planet,
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one million
are now facing extinction.
128
00:09:50,758 --> 00:09:54,178
One of them
is the forest elephant.
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00:09:59,433 --> 00:10:03,145
We filmed these images in 2004
130
00:10:03,270 --> 00:10:05,939
for the first
Planet Earth series.
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00:10:08,734 --> 00:10:10,360
(ELEPHANT TRUMPETS)
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Nine years later,
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poachers came here
134
00:10:16,200 --> 00:10:19,036
and killed 26 elephants
for their ivory...
135
00:10:22,039 --> 00:10:24,374
...including
four of the calves.
136
00:10:30,422 --> 00:10:32,674
Since that first series,
137
00:10:32,800 --> 00:10:35,886
the number of forest elephants
across Africa
138
00:10:36,011 --> 00:10:38,514
has dropped by two-thirds.
139
00:10:44,144 --> 00:10:48,690
But stopping the slaughter
iS a risky business.
140
00:10:52,611 --> 00:10:56,198
Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire,
West Africa...
141
00:10:57,783 --> 00:11:02,996
...part of the global network
in the illegal ivory trade.
142
00:11:11,505 --> 00:11:14,883
A stranger has flown in
from Vietnam,
143
00:11:15,008 --> 00:11:17,970
a hub for the import of ivory.
144
00:11:39,032 --> 00:11:41,618
Her name - Trang Nguyen.
145
00:11:43,287 --> 00:11:48,584
Her speciality - infiltrating
the illegal wildlife trade
146
00:11:48,709 --> 00:11:50,252
by posing as a buyer.
147
00:12:24,536 --> 00:12:27,956
Trang is working with a network
of conservationists
148
00:12:28,081 --> 00:12:30,167
called EAGLE.
149
00:12:30,292 --> 00:12:33,962
Her contact here is Rens llgen.
150
00:12:36,924 --> 00:12:39,134
But what is particular
with this new trade
151
00:12:39,259 --> 00:12:41,303
in West Africa is,
as you can see,
152
00:12:41,428 --> 00:12:44,389
a lot of the tusks
are from baby elephants.
153
00:12:44,514 --> 00:12:47,476
So they're really down to
the last elephants.
154
00:12:47,601 --> 00:12:49,186
TRANG: Yeah.
155
00:12:49,311 --> 00:12:52,064
Now Trang is set her task.
156
00:12:52,189 --> 00:12:56,526
So I want you to meet
the godfather of ivory.
157
00:12:56,652 --> 00:12:59,112
We already arrested him
four years ago
158
00:12:59,237 --> 00:13:01,657
when he had 400kg of ivory,
159
00:13:01,782 --> 00:13:04,910
which he was supplying
to the Vietnamese community
160
00:13:05,035 --> 00:13:07,329
linked to the Vietnamese mafia.
161
00:13:07,454 --> 00:13:12,626
As he has been arrested before,
he might be very cautious.
162
00:13:12,751 --> 00:13:14,294
It might be dangerous.
163
00:13:16,964 --> 00:13:19,633
She prepares her disguise
as a business woman,
164
00:13:19,758 --> 00:13:22,427
but under her jacket -
165
00:13:22,552 --> 00:13:24,680
hidden recording equipment.
166
00:13:25,889 --> 00:13:28,809
EAGLE's undercover agents
have been following
167
00:13:28,934 --> 00:13:30,727
the Godfather for years.
168
00:13:33,772 --> 00:13:35,899
Now is the moment to catch him.
169
00:13:45,826 --> 00:13:47,828
This is your first meeting.
170
00:13:47,953 --> 00:13:50,122
You're just going to discuss
and get to know each other.
171
00:13:50,247 --> 00:13:51,331
See if they have the products.
172
00:13:51,456 --> 00:13:54,501
- Exactly.
- I'm going in,
173
00:13:54,626 --> 00:13:58,839
and I need to sit
facing away from the door,
174
00:13:58,964 --> 00:14:01,049
because I don't want people
to see me with him.
175
00:14:03,552 --> 00:14:05,053
- We will be close by...
- Yep.
176
00:14:05,178 --> 00:14:07,389
...and nothing will go wrong.
177
00:14:08,682 --> 00:14:09,766
OK.
178
00:14:11,518 --> 00:14:13,854
- Good luck.
- Bye.
179
00:14:22,529 --> 00:14:25,991
She meets the Godfather
at a local cafe.
180
00:14:29,036 --> 00:14:31,913
The secret cameras
capture the story.
181
00:14:46,303 --> 00:14:47,429
TRANG: Mm-hm.
182
00:15:08,867 --> 00:15:13,330
But the Godfather denies
having any ivory for sale.
183
00:15:28,970 --> 00:15:30,806
TRANG: Merci.
184
00:15:30,931 --> 00:15:32,307
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
185
00:15:32,432 --> 00:15:33,558
Merci.
186
00:15:33,683 --> 00:15:35,936
Perhaps there's no ivory.
187
00:15:38,146 --> 00:15:40,649
Or maybe
he doesn't trust Trang.
188
00:15:42,359 --> 00:15:44,444
It's a serious setback.
189
00:15:51,368 --> 00:15:53,954
But there are other traders
out there.
190
00:15:54,079 --> 00:15:57,791
Perhaps her presence in town
will draw them in.
191
00:16:01,670 --> 00:16:04,297
Every day that passes,
192
00:16:04,422 --> 00:16:06,716
more elephants are killed.
193
00:16:19,521 --> 00:16:23,024
For Trang,
this work is very personal.
194
00:16:25,902 --> 00:16:29,239
TRANG: When I was 23,
I got the phone call.
195
00:16:30,490 --> 00:16:34,411
The doctor told me
that I had bowel cancer.
196
00:16:37,455 --> 00:16:39,708
The first thing pop up in
my mind is that I'm so young,
197
00:16:39,833 --> 00:16:41,168
how can I get cancer?
198
00:16:43,336 --> 00:16:45,005
Once you have cancer,
199
00:16:45,130 --> 00:16:47,465
you don't know how long
you're going to live for,
200
00:16:47,591 --> 00:16:51,928
and if I want to do anything,
then I should just do it now.
201
00:16:52,053 --> 00:16:54,055
And that's when I said,
202
00:16:54,181 --> 00:16:55,765
"OK, I'm just going to do
undercover,"
203
00:16:55,891 --> 00:16:57,851
because I don't know
when I'm gonna die,
204
00:16:57,976 --> 00:17:00,687
I might as well do something
really meaningful.
205
00:17:07,819 --> 00:17:11,615
DAVID: Currently,
Trang is in remission.
206
00:17:19,497 --> 00:17:22,417
Three days later,
there's a breakthrough.
207
00:17:24,628 --> 00:17:25,837
(PHONE PINGS)
208
00:17:25,962 --> 00:17:30,467
A video sent by a trader.
209
00:17:32,761 --> 00:17:36,389
I can see that this video
have about 14, 15 ivory.
210
00:17:36,514 --> 00:17:39,392
They are big tusks, they are
also small tusks as well.
211
00:17:39,517 --> 00:17:41,770
It's obviously come
from baby elephants.
212
00:17:41,895 --> 00:17:43,104
The bait has been taken.
213
00:17:43,230 --> 00:17:46,274
Trang and the EAGLE team
must act fast.
214
00:17:53,782 --> 00:17:57,077
She goes to meet
the new targets.
215
00:18:00,789 --> 00:18:02,082
First job...
216
00:18:02,207 --> 00:18:03,458
TRANG: Bonsoir.
217
00:18:03,583 --> 00:18:04,834
...gain their trust.
218
00:18:15,387 --> 00:18:16,513
TRANG: Cheers.
219
00:18:16,638 --> 00:18:17,764
- Cheers.
- Cheers.
220
00:18:19,057 --> 00:18:20,475
TRANG:
221
00:18:27,232 --> 00:18:28,316
TRADER: OK.
222
00:18:28,441 --> 00:18:31,403
Eventually,
Trang persuades the traders
223
00:18:31,528 --> 00:18:37,867
to move to a hotel room nearby
to weigh the ivory
224
00:18:37,993 --> 00:18:40,078
and make the transaction.
225
00:18:51,715 --> 00:18:53,883
TRANG: Close the door.
Close the door.
226
00:19:10,191 --> 00:19:12,861
Ivory is sold by the kilo.
227
00:19:12,986 --> 00:19:16,239
TRANG: That is just over 20.
20.27
228
00:19:16,364 --> 00:19:17,657
TRADER: 20.3.
229
00:19:17,782 --> 00:19:22,162
A whole elephant family
was killed for this haul.
230
00:19:22,287 --> 00:19:24,456
(LOW CHATTER)
231
00:19:24,581 --> 00:19:27,917
It's worth over $6,000.
232
00:19:28,043 --> 00:19:30,712
Here, that is a year's salary.
233
00:19:34,883 --> 00:19:37,302
What the traders don't realise
234
00:19:37,427 --> 00:19:41,348
is that the police are
in the room above,
235
00:19:41,473 --> 00:19:43,475
waiting for a text from Trang.
236
00:19:54,861 --> 00:19:56,529
(SOFTLY) OK, let's go.
237
00:20:08,500 --> 00:20:09,876
(WHISPERING)
238
00:20:13,546 --> 00:20:14,672
TRANG: Who's there?
239
00:20:15,965 --> 00:20:17,050
TRANG: Service?
240
00:20:22,514 --> 00:20:23,973
(DOG BARKS)
241
00:20:25,266 --> 00:20:26,893
TRANG: You go open the door.
242
00:20:27,018 --> 00:20:28,728
TRADER: OK.
243
00:20:33,316 --> 00:20:35,485
- (POLICE SHOUT)
- (TRANG SCREAMS)
244
00:20:36,653 --> 00:20:38,571
Don't move, don't move,
don't move!
245
00:20:38,696 --> 00:20:39,697
(TRANG SCREAMS)
246
00:20:50,500 --> 00:20:53,128
TRANG (IN FRENCH):
247
00:20:56,089 --> 00:20:57,465
For her own safety,
248
00:20:57,590 --> 00:21:01,219
she has to keep her cover story
and behave as a criminal...
249
00:21:01,344 --> 00:21:03,805
(MUFFLED SHOUTING)
250
00:21:05,723 --> 00:21:08,810
...which means
she must also be arrested.
251
00:21:11,062 --> 00:21:14,190
(POLICE ISSUE ORDERS
IN FRENCH)
252
00:21:20,029 --> 00:21:25,076
A link in the global
supply chain...broken.
253
00:21:32,208 --> 00:21:33,251
POLICE: OK.
254
00:21:34,878 --> 00:21:37,213
Trang is whisked away
255
00:21:37,338 --> 00:21:40,758
whilst the traders are taken
to the police station,
256
00:21:40,884 --> 00:21:44,512
none the wiser
about her involvement.
257
00:21:44,637 --> 00:21:46,264
(IN FRENCH)
258
00:21:51,603 --> 00:21:53,021
Over the next year,
259
00:21:53,146 --> 00:21:56,649
EAGLE catch
140 more traffickers
260
00:21:56,774 --> 00:22:00,945
in the fight against
the global wildlife trade.
261
00:22:03,531 --> 00:22:07,535
But for Trang,
this is her last operation.
262
00:22:08,953 --> 00:22:11,247
It's why we can show her face.
263
00:22:21,591 --> 00:22:26,054
It's not safe for her to stay
a minute longer than necessary.
264
00:22:32,101 --> 00:22:38,816
Trang's final task is to vanish
from Abidjan...for ever.
265
00:22:47,242 --> 00:22:48,535
Across the world,
266
00:22:48,660 --> 00:22:53,748
the numbers of wild animals
are falling alarmingly.
267
00:22:53,873 --> 00:22:55,875
In just two decades -
268
00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:59,087
since we started making
the first Planet Earth series -
269
00:22:59,212 --> 00:23:02,924
the abundance of wildlife
around the globe has dropped
270
00:23:03,049 --> 00:23:06,719
on average by over 30%.
271
00:23:07,929 --> 00:23:11,474
We're facing a disaster,
a catastrophe.
272
00:23:12,684 --> 00:23:16,938
Scientists say that we're on
the edge of a mass extinction.
273
00:23:19,148 --> 00:23:22,527
It's being caused
by human activity.
274
00:23:22,652 --> 00:23:26,948
So humans also have the power
to stop it.
275
00:23:30,577 --> 00:23:34,706
It takes many qualities
to save even one species.
276
00:23:36,874 --> 00:23:38,334
Determination...
277
00:23:41,629 --> 00:23:42,880
...courage...
278
00:23:45,174 --> 00:23:46,467
...and passion.
279
00:23:48,803 --> 00:23:52,932
And often, there's another
ingredient that's needed.
280
00:23:54,559 --> 00:23:58,021
The ability to think big.
281
00:24:01,733 --> 00:24:06,362
In Vienna, Katharina Huchler
is just starting a new job.
282
00:24:08,072 --> 00:24:09,616
The pay is terrible.
283
00:24:10,867 --> 00:24:12,368
The hours are long.
284
00:24:15,163 --> 00:24:16,831
And there are no days off.
285
00:24:19,334 --> 00:24:23,171
She is about to become
a foster mother.
286
00:24:23,296 --> 00:24:24,631
Hi.
287
00:24:24,756 --> 00:24:25,840
- Hi.
- (CHEEPING)
288
00:24:25,965 --> 00:24:27,342
Good morning.
289
00:24:27,467 --> 00:24:28,760
Hi. Hi.
290
00:24:28,885 --> 00:24:30,553
And these are her new babies...
291
00:24:32,221 --> 00:24:34,932
You're pretty awake. Hi.
292
00:24:35,058 --> 00:24:38,770
...28 of one of
the world's rarest birds.
293
00:24:38,895 --> 00:24:40,313
Hey. Hi.
294
00:24:40,438 --> 00:24:44,067
The northern bald ibis.
295
00:24:44,192 --> 00:24:47,320
You really quickly fall in love
with them. (LAUGHS)
296
00:24:47,445 --> 00:24:52,492
They were hunted to extinction
in Europe over 400 years ago.
297
00:24:54,661 --> 00:24:57,497
These chicks were born
in a zoo.
298
00:24:58,539 --> 00:25:00,583
Katharina's task
is to teach them
299
00:25:00,708 --> 00:25:04,045
to become wild, free birds.
300
00:25:04,170 --> 00:25:07,006
Yes, yes, yes. Komm. Komm.
301
00:25:07,131 --> 00:25:12,303
To do that, she must convince
them that she is their mother.
302
00:25:12,428 --> 00:25:14,722
It's a process
called imprinting.
303
00:25:14,847 --> 00:25:16,891
While it's happening,
304
00:25:17,016 --> 00:25:19,143
the chicks must never see
or hear
305
00:25:19,268 --> 00:25:22,647
any other human except Helena,
306
00:25:22,772 --> 00:25:26,484
who's an ibis foster mum
for the second time.
307
00:25:26,609 --> 00:25:30,029
They must always wear
identical yellow clothes
308
00:25:30,154 --> 00:25:35,118
and repeat the same noises
again and again.
309
00:25:36,285 --> 00:25:37,662
Goodnight.
310
00:25:37,787 --> 00:25:40,164
They're here when the chicks
fall asleep...
311
00:25:40,289 --> 00:25:41,916
Sleep well.
312
00:25:43,835 --> 00:25:47,004
...and the first thing they see
when they awake.
313
00:25:47,130 --> 00:25:49,132
Good morning, waldies! Hallo!
314
00:25:49,257 --> 00:25:52,301
Let's have something to eat,
shall we? Yes, let's eat.
315
00:25:52,427 --> 00:25:56,222
They're a bit like
every human baby.
316
00:25:56,347 --> 00:25:58,725
They just need their food
bit by bit by bit
317
00:25:58,850 --> 00:25:59,976
all day long.
318
00:26:00,101 --> 00:26:01,769
Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes.
319
00:26:01,894 --> 00:26:04,105
Oh, no, we did it all wrong.
320
00:26:05,398 --> 00:26:06,482
HELENA: Aw!
321
00:26:06,607 --> 00:26:09,318
It's really like changing
the nappies of the babies.
322
00:26:09,444 --> 00:26:13,197
28 mouths to feed
and bottoms to wipe,
323
00:26:13,322 --> 00:26:17,076
and all the time
talking to the birds.
324
00:26:17,201 --> 00:26:19,328
Komm, komm, waldies!
Komm, komm!
325
00:26:19,454 --> 00:26:21,122
Feeling really tired.
326
00:26:21,247 --> 00:26:23,207
Yeah. I'd really like to sleep
a little bit more.
327
00:26:25,042 --> 00:26:27,795
As the weeks pass,
the bond grows.
328
00:26:29,756 --> 00:26:32,175
And then it is time
for the next stage
329
00:26:32,300 --> 00:26:34,635
in becoming wild birds.
330
00:26:38,931 --> 00:26:42,810
They move to a field
in the Austrian Alps.
331
00:26:47,940 --> 00:26:51,569
They've now grown
their adult flight feathers...
332
00:26:52,361 --> 00:26:53,112
Hey!
333
00:26:53,237 --> 00:26:56,115
...but they're still chicks
on the inside.
334
00:26:57,408 --> 00:27:00,119
So the imprinting
must continue.
335
00:27:00,244 --> 00:27:02,079
With this hand gesture,
336
00:27:02,205 --> 00:27:05,875
we imitate
the bill of an adult ibis
337
00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:09,295
and we combine it with the
greeting sound. So this is...
338
00:27:09,420 --> 00:27:11,964
Kkloh! Kkloh!
339
00:27:12,089 --> 00:27:16,677
All this imprinting is for
a very important reason.
340
00:27:19,430 --> 00:27:21,933
These are migratory birds.
341
00:27:22,058 --> 00:27:24,852
In autumn,
they must fly south
342
00:27:24,977 --> 00:27:28,356
to their warm feeding grounds
in Italy.
343
00:27:29,690 --> 00:27:32,485
And that is a problem.
344
00:27:32,610 --> 00:27:35,822
They know that
they need to go somewhere,
345
00:27:35,947 --> 00:27:38,825
but they don't know
in which direction and how far.
346
00:27:38,950 --> 00:27:43,079
So they need to learn the route
from their parents.
347
00:27:44,789 --> 00:27:47,250
Their human mothers
must show them the way.
348
00:27:49,335 --> 00:27:52,588
And that requires
a little ingenuity.
349
00:27:52,713 --> 00:27:54,590
(ENGINE POWERS UP)
350
00:28:02,098 --> 00:28:05,560
This is where the imprinting
is put to the test.
351
00:28:15,945 --> 00:28:18,406
Will the birds follow them...
352
00:28:20,324 --> 00:28:22,618
...even in a microlight?
353
00:28:22,743 --> 00:28:23,828
KATHARINA: Komm, komm!
354
00:28:23,953 --> 00:28:26,289
Komm, komm, waldies!
355
00:28:26,414 --> 00:28:27,582
Komm, komm!
356
00:28:37,300 --> 00:28:38,843
(TRANSLATION)
357
00:28:42,263 --> 00:28:46,642
Getting too close is dangerous
for both birds and humans.
358
00:28:46,767 --> 00:28:48,895
(TRANSLATION)
359
00:28:56,694 --> 00:28:58,195
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh!
360
00:29:15,588 --> 00:29:17,757
After a wobbly start...
361
00:29:19,300 --> 00:29:21,218
...at last they settle.
362
00:29:26,974 --> 00:29:30,144
The imprinting has worked.
363
00:29:42,657 --> 00:29:44,533
Our birds did very well today.
364
00:29:52,333 --> 00:29:55,002
But their biggest challenge
is still to come.
365
00:30:00,591 --> 00:30:02,551
The Zillertal Alps.
366
00:30:08,683 --> 00:30:12,061
A great wall of rock and ice.
367
00:30:21,153 --> 00:30:23,739
It's going to be
the most important flight
368
00:30:23,864 --> 00:30:25,533
of their young lives.
369
00:30:27,034 --> 00:30:31,414
It will take them to
the very edge of exhaustion.
370
00:30:31,539 --> 00:30:35,042
A lot of young birds die
during their first migration.
371
00:30:35,167 --> 00:30:37,253
They are still
So inexperienced.
372
00:30:38,963 --> 00:30:40,381
There's also danger
373
00:30:40,506 --> 00:30:42,466
for the foster mothers
and the pilots.
374
00:30:46,303 --> 00:30:48,556
If there is a problem
with the microlights,
375
00:30:48,681 --> 00:30:51,100
there is no safe place to land.
376
00:30:54,270 --> 00:30:57,982
To gain enough height to fly
over these mountains...
377
00:31:00,359 --> 00:31:04,739
...they must find columns of
rising air called thermals...
378
00:31:08,534 --> 00:31:11,203
...a Skill these birds
would normally learn
379
00:31:11,328 --> 00:31:14,665
by following
their natural mothers.
380
00:31:21,172 --> 00:31:22,798
(WIND WHISTLES)
381
00:31:31,474 --> 00:31:35,394
It takes expert piloting
to find the thermals.
382
00:31:44,904 --> 00:31:46,906
Once within one,
383
00:31:47,031 --> 00:31:50,367
it's turbulent
and unpredictable.
384
00:32:10,721 --> 00:32:11,931
With every turn,
385
00:32:12,056 --> 00:32:16,894
the mothers must make sure
all 28 birds are following.
386
00:32:42,378 --> 00:32:43,963
All 28 birds here.
387
00:32:44,088 --> 00:32:46,799
(REPEATS IN GERMAN)
388
00:32:46,924 --> 00:32:48,592
Phew. (LAUGHS)
389
00:33:01,147 --> 00:33:05,818
At last, they make it over
the highest ridge.
390
00:33:21,083 --> 00:33:25,462
From now on,
it should be easy flying.
391
00:33:47,067 --> 00:33:48,986
KATHARINA:
What we are trying to do,
392
00:33:49,111 --> 00:33:50,905
apart from saving the ibis,
393
00:33:51,030 --> 00:33:53,449
is trying to give hope
to people.
394
00:33:56,243 --> 00:33:58,954
If you can bring back
one species,
395
00:33:59,079 --> 00:34:00,789
you can also do it with others.
396
00:34:14,178 --> 00:34:19,808
DAVID: A species once
left for dead now has a future.
397
00:34:24,605 --> 00:34:26,982
And they head
for their safe winter home
398
00:34:27,107 --> 00:34:29,944
in a protected nature reserve.
399
00:34:52,508 --> 00:34:53,759
(HORN BEEPS)
400
00:34:53,884 --> 00:34:58,055
But as we have seen
throughout this series,
401
00:34:58,180 --> 00:35:00,724
many species are losing
402
00:35:00,849 --> 00:35:03,811
the wild habitats
they need to survive.
403
00:35:07,356 --> 00:35:10,859
It's the biggest cause
of extinction.
404
00:35:19,034 --> 00:35:23,914
Nowhere is this more apparent
than in the Amazon rainforest.
405
00:35:27,876 --> 00:35:32,298
Our Planet Earth crews
have filmed here many times
406
00:35:32,423 --> 00:35:34,300
over the last two decades...
407
00:35:41,807 --> 00:35:43,017
(CREAKING)
408
00:35:43,142 --> 00:35:44,476
...and in that time,
409
00:35:44,601 --> 00:35:48,731
over 16,000 million trees...
410
00:35:51,525 --> 00:35:53,110
...have been felled.
411
00:35:59,533 --> 00:36:01,535
To safeguard
the countless species
412
00:36:01,660 --> 00:36:02,703
that live here...
413
00:36:03,912 --> 00:36:06,832
...the forest itself
must be protected...
414
00:36:09,335 --> 00:36:13,797
...and there's a force
rising up to do just that.
415
00:36:16,925 --> 00:36:17,926
(TRANSLATION)
416
00:36:40,866 --> 00:36:45,746
Alessandra Korap is one of
the leaders of the Munduruku.
417
00:36:48,165 --> 00:36:51,335
They have been the guardians
of this part of the Amazon
418
00:36:51,460 --> 00:36:53,545
for thousands of years.
419
00:37:33,293 --> 00:37:35,129
When she was a child,
420
00:37:35,254 --> 00:37:39,758
this part of the Amazon forest
stretched unbroken
421
00:37:39,883 --> 00:37:41,760
for hundreds of kilometres.
422
00:37:49,435 --> 00:37:52,104
Now it's being carved up...
423
00:37:53,272 --> 00:37:55,858
...for mining, for timber,
424
00:37:55,983 --> 00:37:59,361
but most of all
for agriculture.
425
00:38:02,865 --> 00:38:07,369
This is the frontline
in the battle for the Amazon,
426
00:38:07,494 --> 00:38:10,205
and it is a deadly one.
427
00:38:15,544 --> 00:38:18,755
In the last decade,
more than 300 people
428
00:38:18,881 --> 00:38:22,634
have been murdered in Brazil
defending the environment.
429
00:38:51,288 --> 00:38:54,958
The Munduruku,
like many indigenous groups,
430
00:38:55,083 --> 00:38:57,836
live in isolated communities
431
00:38:57,961 --> 00:39:02,132
vulnerable to attack from
miners, farmers and loggers.
432
00:39:30,661 --> 00:39:35,791
The Amazon's future is decided
3,000 kilometres away.
433
00:39:38,293 --> 00:39:41,213
Here, in the parliament
of Brazil,
434
00:39:41,338 --> 00:39:44,007
new laws are being debated
435
00:39:44,132 --> 00:39:45,968
to allow the exploitation
436
00:39:46,093 --> 00:39:48,262
of their traditional
tribal land.
437
00:39:53,267 --> 00:39:56,812
But Alessandra has a plan -
438
00:39:56,937 --> 00:39:59,481
to unite with other tribes
439
00:39:59,606 --> 00:40:02,776
and organise a protest so big
440
00:40:02,901 --> 00:40:05,779
that it cannot be ignored.
441
00:40:56,371 --> 00:41:00,208
It's a three-day journey
to the capital city.
442
00:41:01,793 --> 00:41:03,712
(LORRY HORN BLARES)
443
00:41:03,837 --> 00:41:07,090
Trucks rumble
to and from the fields.
444
00:41:09,301 --> 00:41:13,013
Land that used to be
rainforest.
445
00:41:13,138 --> 00:41:18,560
They're carrying thousands
of tonnes of soya beans.
446
00:41:21,355 --> 00:41:24,066
It's shipped from the heart
of the Amazon
447
00:41:24,191 --> 00:41:25,609
across the world.
448
00:41:27,527 --> 00:41:29,321
Not to feed humans...
449
00:41:30,447 --> 00:41:32,240
...but to feed livestock.
450
00:41:57,349 --> 00:42:01,103
Eventually, Alessandra makes it
to Brasilia.
451
00:42:02,979 --> 00:42:06,858
News of the protest has spread
all over the country.
452
00:42:10,529 --> 00:42:14,491
200 groups have united
in a huge camp.
453
00:42:14,616 --> 00:42:16,451
(PROTESTORS SING)
454
00:42:18,245 --> 00:42:21,748
From the northeast of Brazil -
the Xukuru.
455
00:42:23,041 --> 00:42:27,129
From the southern edge
of the Amazon - the Karaja.
456
00:42:39,266 --> 00:42:43,228
For ten days, they protest
against the proposed laws.
457
00:43:03,081 --> 00:43:06,626
Alessandra and the other
leaders have created
458
00:43:06,752 --> 00:43:09,296
the biggest protest
by indigenous people
459
00:43:09,421 --> 00:43:11,548
ever held in Brazil.
460
00:43:21,725 --> 00:43:26,521
Later, one of the proposed
laws was withdrawn...
461
00:43:32,569 --> 00:43:35,530
...a small but significant
victory
462
00:43:35,655 --> 00:43:39,034
in Alessandra's fight
for Brazil's wild places.
463
00:43:48,335 --> 00:43:52,464
The destruction of habitats
is currently the biggest threat
464
00:43:52,589 --> 00:43:55,801
to the survival
of animal species.
465
00:43:55,926 --> 00:44:00,555
But there is an even greater
disaster on the horizon.
466
00:44:00,680 --> 00:44:03,517
Our climate is changing.
467
00:44:03,642 --> 00:44:07,312
Seasons have become
unpredictable and more extreme.
468
00:44:07,437 --> 00:44:09,689
Our planet is getting hotter.
469
00:44:13,735 --> 00:44:15,320
Scientists predict
470
00:44:15,445 --> 00:44:19,991
that if the global temperature
rises by over two degrees,
471
00:44:20,116 --> 00:44:21,743
it is likely to become
472
00:44:21,868 --> 00:44:23,662
the number one cause
473
00:44:23,787 --> 00:44:25,205
of extinction.
474
00:44:26,748 --> 00:44:29,459
To halt climate change,
475
00:44:29,584 --> 00:44:34,047
perhaps politicians
need to become heroes, too.
476
00:44:34,172 --> 00:44:35,757
NEWS REPORT:
Hello, good evening,
477
00:44:35,882 --> 00:44:37,843
and a warm welcome to Glasgow
and the start
478
00:44:37,968 --> 00:44:40,762
of the long-awaited
climate summit COPZ26.
479
00:44:40,887 --> 00:44:43,139
World leaders,
prominent scientists
480
00:44:43,265 --> 00:44:45,851
and advisers all ready
for 12 days of...
481
00:44:45,976 --> 00:44:48,436
DAVID: Mohamed Nasheed
is a politician,
482
00:44:48,562 --> 00:44:51,523
the former president
of the Maldives.
483
00:44:51,648 --> 00:44:55,610
NASHEED: The doctors said
that they took 16 ball bearings
484
00:44:55,735 --> 00:44:59,197
from all parts of my body.
485
00:45:00,365 --> 00:45:03,076
I was unconscious for two days.
486
00:45:04,661 --> 00:45:06,955
DAVID:
Over his political career,
487
00:45:07,080 --> 00:45:09,791
he has been tortured,
imprisoned
488
00:45:09,916 --> 00:45:13,712
and recently survived
an assassination attempt.
489
00:45:15,505 --> 00:45:17,299
But during that time,
490
00:45:17,424 --> 00:45:20,135
he's also fought relentlessly
491
00:45:20,260 --> 00:45:23,096
against climate change.
492
00:45:24,848 --> 00:45:27,851
...pleasure to be able
to bring you Mohamed Nasheed.
493
00:45:27,976 --> 00:45:29,144
(CHEERING AND APPLAUSE)
494
00:45:29,269 --> 00:45:34,399
DAVID: In Glasgow, on the eve
of climate conference COP26,
495
00:45:34,524 --> 00:45:36,401
he is addressing a rally.
496
00:45:36,526 --> 00:45:38,278
Thank you.
497
00:45:38,403 --> 00:45:39,696
Thank you very much.
498
00:45:44,618 --> 00:45:47,287
So we come to COP26
499
00:45:47,412 --> 00:45:50,665
to find out
whether we still have a future.
500
00:45:50,790 --> 00:45:56,087
If we cannot have
a legally binding agreement
501
00:45:56,212 --> 00:45:59,883
not to push global temperatures
502
00:46:00,008 --> 00:46:02,802
above 1.5 degrees,
503
00:46:02,928 --> 00:46:04,888
my country will be gone,
504
00:46:05,013 --> 00:46:07,974
as will all the world's
coral reefs
505
00:46:08,099 --> 00:46:11,102
and most of the rainforests.
506
00:46:11,227 --> 00:46:16,358
Is all this devastation
really worth it,
507
00:46:16,483 --> 00:46:21,655
so that we can continue
to burn coal and fossil fuel
508
00:46:21,780 --> 00:46:23,531
for a few more years?
509
00:46:25,075 --> 00:46:29,829
I have spent a lifetime
510
00:46:29,955 --> 00:46:31,873
fighting for my country,
511
00:46:31,998 --> 00:46:34,209
and with more determination
than ever,
512
00:46:34,334 --> 00:46:39,881
because I know my time on Earth
might be cut short.
513
00:46:41,132 --> 00:46:44,177
Mohamed Nasheed's passion
for the natural world
514
00:46:44,302 --> 00:46:48,431
began the first time
he saw a coral reef.
515
00:47:01,486 --> 00:47:04,322
NASHEED: My earliest memory
516
00:47:04,447 --> 00:47:07,409
is with the ocean and the reef.
517
00:47:09,327 --> 00:47:14,374
We were the first generation
to actually see the reef.
518
00:47:15,542 --> 00:47:18,211
Masks and goggles
came to the Maldives
519
00:47:18,336 --> 00:47:21,006
in the late '60s, early '70s.
520
00:47:23,258 --> 00:47:29,139
Once we started seeing the reef
as a living creature...
521
00:47:30,557 --> 00:47:33,893
...we were just dumbfounded.
522
00:47:37,105 --> 00:47:39,858
DAVID: But Nasheed's
beloved coral
523
00:47:39,983 --> 00:47:43,445
is now the habitat
that is most threatened
524
00:47:43,570 --> 00:47:45,113
by climate change.
525
00:47:49,743 --> 00:47:55,665
The critical tipping point is
a 1.5 degree temperature rise.
526
00:47:56,916 --> 00:47:59,919
Beyond that,
most reefs will die,
527
00:48:00,045 --> 00:48:02,505
leaving nothing but rubble.
528
00:48:06,134 --> 00:48:08,553
NASHEED: When you think
of a bigger picture,
529
00:48:08,678 --> 00:48:13,808
then your own life
iS not so important.
530
00:48:15,769 --> 00:48:19,022
It's what you want to get done
which is important.
531
00:48:22,817 --> 00:48:26,154
DAVID: Nasheed's aim
is to persuade politicians
532
00:48:26,279 --> 00:48:29,407
to cut the use of coal
and other fossil fuels.
533
00:48:31,076 --> 00:48:35,288
He repeats this plea
at every climate conference.
534
00:48:35,413 --> 00:48:37,957
NASHEED: You need to be able
to convince people,
535
00:48:38,083 --> 00:48:40,543
try to educate people.
536
00:48:40,668 --> 00:48:42,170
We are in trouble.
537
00:48:42,295 --> 00:48:43,546
We will not survive
538
00:48:43,671 --> 00:48:46,841
if the planet is heated
above 1.5 degrees.
539
00:48:46,966 --> 00:48:48,510
We must act now.
540
00:48:48,635 --> 00:48:52,347
DAVID: At first,
Journalists are reporting on
541
00:48:52,472 --> 00:48:56,101
some eye-catching promises
made by heads of state.
542
00:48:56,226 --> 00:48:58,561
NEWS REPORT: 18 countries
have committed themselves
543
00:48:58,686 --> 00:49:00,855
to a plan to stop using
coal-fired power plants.
544
00:49:00,980 --> 00:49:02,899
It is an election issue now.
545
00:49:03,024 --> 00:49:07,278
That is why world leaders
have joined the rhetoric.
546
00:49:07,403 --> 00:49:13,409
DAVID: The next stage - turning
promises into solid plans.
547
00:49:13,535 --> 00:49:16,913
And Nasheed is busy working
behind the scenes.
548
00:49:17,038 --> 00:49:18,039
If they don't agree,
549
00:49:18,164 --> 00:49:20,083
we will ring their ministers,
their presidents
550
00:49:20,208 --> 00:49:21,501
and get them online.
551
00:49:21,626 --> 00:49:24,045
I think that's what we're
trying to do.
552
00:49:24,170 --> 00:49:25,463
So let's do this.
553
00:49:27,799 --> 00:49:28,967
How are you, Prime Minister?
554
00:49:29,092 --> 00:49:30,885
Yeah, OK. I can hear you,
but I can hear
555
00:49:31,010 --> 00:49:32,345
the Prime Minister
much clearer.
556
00:49:32,470 --> 00:49:36,683
DAVID: All countries need
to agree to the final text,
557
00:49:36,808 --> 00:49:38,643
and some won't.
558
00:49:38,768 --> 00:49:42,147
People who want to continue
fossil fuel
559
00:49:42,272 --> 00:49:44,774
I think are the bad guys,
560
00:49:44,899 --> 00:49:48,695
and people who want to change
I feel are the good guys.
561
00:49:50,530 --> 00:49:52,407
Thank you.
Thank you so much.
562
00:49:53,658 --> 00:49:57,871
DAVID: After 14 days,
this COP closes...
563
00:49:57,996 --> 00:50:00,290
...with some progress,
564
00:50:00,415 --> 00:50:03,835
but also with big compromises.
565
00:50:03,960 --> 00:50:06,379
NEWS REPORT: An agreement was
finally reached this evening
566
00:50:06,504 --> 00:50:08,923
after a key section
on the future use of coal
567
00:50:09,048 --> 00:50:11,009
was at the last moment
watered down.
568
00:50:12,969 --> 00:50:15,930
DAVID: Without urgent
new commitments,
569
00:50:16,055 --> 00:50:20,351
the target of 1.5 degrees
will be missed.
570
00:50:20,476 --> 00:50:22,353
It is disastrous.
571
00:50:22,478 --> 00:50:23,479
It will...
572
00:50:23,605 --> 00:50:25,607
If you picture this,
if you can fathom it...
573
00:50:29,402 --> 00:50:32,906
...the coral will bleach
574
00:50:33,031 --> 00:50:35,158
and they will die,
575
00:50:35,283 --> 00:50:37,410
and when they are dead,
576
00:50:37,535 --> 00:50:42,957
the fish and the marine life
that lives there...
577
00:50:43,082 --> 00:50:45,001
...uh, cease to exist.
578
00:50:56,638 --> 00:50:57,931
You would have thought
579
00:50:58,056 --> 00:51:01,726
that your normal prime minister
and president...
580
00:51:03,228 --> 00:51:07,398
...would have a better grip
on understanding things
581
00:51:07,523 --> 00:51:10,526
and not just
go on and on and on
582
00:51:10,652 --> 00:51:13,780
about protecting
their way of life.
583
00:51:16,574 --> 00:51:21,204
So it's frustrating
to see politicians...
584
00:51:22,789 --> 00:51:24,999
...who doesn't seem
to understand it.
585
00:51:29,337 --> 00:51:31,381
DAVID: With current policies,
586
00:51:31,506 --> 00:51:35,551
99% of coral reefs
could be gone...
587
00:51:37,303 --> 00:51:39,514
...In under 30 years.
588
00:51:41,307 --> 00:51:43,351
Other habitats will follow.
589
00:51:48,606 --> 00:51:49,983
NASHEED: You can't lose hope.
590
00:51:51,567 --> 00:51:53,069
You cannot give up.
591
00:51:55,405 --> 00:51:56,656
I will not stop.
592
00:51:58,783 --> 00:52:02,078
DAVID: Nasheed believes
there is a solution.
593
00:52:06,124 --> 00:52:10,628
NASHEED: The more environment
becomes an election issue,
594
00:52:10,753 --> 00:52:13,631
there will be more action
on climate.
595
00:52:15,925 --> 00:52:20,305
Every time you vote
in every election,
596
00:52:20,430 --> 00:52:22,557
please tick the planet.
597
00:52:35,862 --> 00:52:39,824
The challenge of saving species
can't be left
598
00:52:39,949 --> 00:52:44,329
to a few heroic individuals
working against the odds.
599
00:52:45,538 --> 00:52:47,874
It's those in positions
of great power
600
00:52:47,999 --> 00:52:50,626
who can make
the most difference.
601
00:52:50,752 --> 00:52:52,128
So, ultimately,
602
00:52:52,253 --> 00:52:56,382
it is they who must take
the most responsibility.
603
00:52:56,507 --> 00:53:02,430
Perhaps one of our roles
is to hold them to account.
604
00:53:02,555 --> 00:53:05,892
Time is running out
for many species,
605
00:53:06,017 --> 00:53:07,685
but I truly believe
606
00:53:07,810 --> 00:53:10,730
that if the right decisions
are made now,
607
00:53:10,855 --> 00:53:12,607
at this critical moment,
608
00:53:12,732 --> 00:53:16,652
there could still be
a bright future for all life
609
00:53:16,778 --> 00:53:19,614
on our wonderful Planet Earth.
44736
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