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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:02:04,333 --> 00:02:08,170 Yesterday, I received another crazy letter, 2 00:02:08,253 --> 00:02:10,380 unsigned and without a sender, 3 00:02:10,505 --> 00:02:12,841 postmarked San Francisco. 4 00:02:12,924 --> 00:02:16,803 "Escher, you're an utter madman. 5 00:02:16,887 --> 00:02:20,140 Yes, utterly, beautifully mad. 6 00:02:20,223 --> 00:02:23,352 I thank the source of your madness. 7 00:02:23,435 --> 00:02:25,562 A math teacher." 8 00:02:25,646 --> 00:02:27,856 How on earth? 9 00:02:35,947 --> 00:02:42,663 I feel uncertain when the sky is dark. 10 00:02:42,746 --> 00:02:45,207 The hippies in San Francisco 11 00:02:45,290 --> 00:02:48,794 continue to print my work clandestinely. 12 00:02:48,877 --> 00:02:52,464 I managed to get hold of a couple of horrendous results 13 00:02:52,547 --> 00:02:55,008 through the mediation of a friendly customer 14 00:02:55,092 --> 00:02:57,052 who lives in that area. 15 00:02:57,135 --> 00:02:59,680 I cannot understand why 16 00:02:59,763 --> 00:03:02,307 the out-of-control youths of today 17 00:03:02,432 --> 00:03:05,060 appreciate my work so much, 18 00:03:05,143 --> 00:03:08,397 but it does get tiring after a while. 19 00:03:10,273 --> 00:03:13,777 I receive placemats with my work printed on them. 20 00:03:15,612 --> 00:03:18,573 They just go ahead and do it without asking me 21 00:03:18,699 --> 00:03:21,201 or being ashamed of it. 22 00:03:26,915 --> 00:03:28,917 My first exposure to escher 23 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:34,631 was in either late '66 or early 1967. 24 00:03:34,715 --> 00:03:36,675 I was at my apartment in London, 25 00:03:36,758 --> 00:03:40,303 and there was a knock at the door. 26 00:03:40,387 --> 00:03:41,888 And a friend of mine, Eric burdon, 27 00:03:41,972 --> 00:03:45,016 who is a lead singer for the animals, 28 00:03:45,100 --> 00:03:47,018 a very popular group, 29 00:03:47,102 --> 00:03:50,605 was on my doorstep with a book in his hand, 30 00:03:50,689 --> 00:03:52,315 and the book he had brought 31 00:03:52,399 --> 00:03:54,776 was one of the early escher books, 32 00:03:54,860 --> 00:03:58,447 and I must tell you that, uh... 33 00:03:58,530 --> 00:04:01,533 I think it literally changed my life. 34 00:04:01,616 --> 00:04:06,163 So I called him, and I said, "good morning, Mr. Escher. 35 00:04:06,246 --> 00:04:08,123 I don't want to disturb you. 36 00:04:08,206 --> 00:04:09,666 I'm an englishman. 37 00:04:09,750 --> 00:04:11,418 I just wanted to let you know 38 00:04:11,501 --> 00:04:13,962 what a brilliant artist I think you are." 39 00:04:14,045 --> 00:04:15,839 And that's all I wanted to say. 40 00:04:15,922 --> 00:04:19,342 But then he said, "I'm not an artist." 41 00:04:21,386 --> 00:04:23,513 And it was shocking to me 42 00:04:23,597 --> 00:04:27,267 to hear escher tell me that he wasn't an artist, 43 00:04:27,350 --> 00:04:29,352 because of course, I think he is. 44 00:04:29,436 --> 00:04:32,439 So I said, "okay, if you're not an artist, 45 00:04:32,522 --> 00:04:33,690 what are you?“ 46 00:04:33,774 --> 00:04:37,402 he said, "I'm a mathematician." 47 00:04:37,486 --> 00:04:40,822 I thought, "wow, he doesn't really know 48 00:04:40,906 --> 00:04:48,038 or understand how popular and why his work is so popular 49 00:04:48,121 --> 00:04:50,540 amongst all the younger generations. 50 00:05:11,186 --> 00:05:14,564 Yesterday, I received a visit from English artists. 51 00:05:14,648 --> 00:05:18,568 He was dressed up like a clown in blue and red all over. 52 00:05:18,652 --> 00:05:21,196 She had full circles around her eyes. 53 00:05:21,279 --> 00:05:24,449 It's all very nice, these little love-ins. 54 00:05:24,533 --> 00:05:26,493 They came to offer me flowers. 55 00:05:26,576 --> 00:05:28,453 I don't understand it. 56 00:05:28,537 --> 00:05:30,914 They appreciate my work while I don't care one bit 57 00:05:30,997 --> 00:05:33,250 for what they're making these days. 58 00:05:33,333 --> 00:05:35,377 You make op art. 59 00:05:35,460 --> 00:05:38,088 I don't even know what it is, "op art. Ll 60 00:05:38,213 --> 00:05:41,091 I've been making this work for years. 61 00:05:41,174 --> 00:05:44,344 I keep wandering around in riddles. 62 00:06:20,255 --> 00:06:26,094 On June the 17th, 1898, I was born here in leeuwarden 63 00:06:26,177 --> 00:06:28,597 in this stately home. 64 00:06:31,266 --> 00:06:33,310 The princessehof. 65 00:06:40,233 --> 00:06:43,153 I come from an exact sciences family, 66 00:06:43,236 --> 00:06:45,071 and I have the privilege of having parents 67 00:06:45,155 --> 00:06:49,075 who are not only educated, but wealthy as well. 68 00:06:52,454 --> 00:06:54,623 I am a vulnerable boy, 69 00:06:54,706 --> 00:06:56,666 and the pediatrician prescribes me 70 00:06:56,750 --> 00:06:59,252 a fairly long stay at the seaside, 71 00:06:59,336 --> 00:07:04,132 at the children's pension villa groot kijkduin. 72 00:07:04,215 --> 00:07:07,969 I also attend school there. 73 00:07:08,053 --> 00:07:11,514 The only bright spots are the drawing lessons, 74 00:07:11,598 --> 00:07:13,350 not because I'm good at it, 75 00:07:13,433 --> 00:07:14,935 but because it's my only comfort 76 00:07:15,018 --> 00:07:18,229 during this awful time. 77 00:07:18,313 --> 00:07:22,442 The fear of not being able to keep up is the problem. 78 00:07:33,870 --> 00:07:38,750 Come around tomorrow afternoon... 79 00:07:38,833 --> 00:07:40,502 After secondary school, 80 00:07:40,585 --> 00:07:43,129 I attend the haarlem school of architecture 81 00:07:43,213 --> 00:07:45,215 and decorative arts. 82 00:07:53,223 --> 00:07:57,852 My graphics arts teacher is jessurun de mesquita. 83 00:07:57,936 --> 00:08:00,105 I owe a lot to him. 84 00:08:00,188 --> 00:08:02,440 He saw potential in my woodcuts, 85 00:08:02,524 --> 00:08:04,234 and after only three days, 86 00:08:04,317 --> 00:08:08,488 he forced a switch to continue in that direction. 87 00:08:08,571 --> 00:08:10,156 Had he not spoken with my parents, 88 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:12,993 I would've continued in architecture, 89 00:08:13,076 --> 00:08:14,828 and I have never had an interest 90 00:08:14,911 --> 00:08:17,122 in building houses. 91 00:08:31,302 --> 00:08:34,264 I can work like a dog one day 92 00:08:34,389 --> 00:08:37,017 and hardly do a thing the next. 93 00:08:37,100 --> 00:08:39,853 On those days, istride up and down the room 94 00:08:39,936 --> 00:08:42,564 like a madman, when I'm being consumed 95 00:08:42,647 --> 00:08:46,651 by the desire to give shape to a grand idea 96 00:08:46,735 --> 00:08:49,154 without the ability to do so. 97 00:08:57,871 --> 00:09:01,875 For instance, I'm working on a drawing of trees. 98 00:09:01,958 --> 00:09:04,044 The result strongly conveys the idea 99 00:09:04,127 --> 00:09:07,714 of a procession, a stately row of trees 100 00:09:07,797 --> 00:09:11,176 walking hither from far away across the hills 101 00:09:11,259 --> 00:09:14,054 and which, after climbing the last hill, 102 00:09:14,137 --> 00:09:18,892 suddenly stands before us gigantic and threatening. 103 00:09:18,975 --> 00:09:22,645 Beautiful idea, and it's there in the drawing, 104 00:09:22,729 --> 00:09:26,941 but not nearly as strong as I feel it. 105 00:09:27,025 --> 00:09:28,359 I take comfort in the thought 106 00:09:28,443 --> 00:09:30,236 that a man will probably never be able 107 00:09:30,361 --> 00:09:31,780 to visualize an idea 108 00:09:31,863 --> 00:09:34,991 as strongly as he feels it himself. 109 00:10:10,193 --> 00:10:15,323 I like to draw here in the St. bavo in haarlem. 110 00:10:15,406 --> 00:10:17,826 Being able to bathe in the organ's 111 00:10:17,909 --> 00:10:20,328 thundering abundance of sounds 112 00:10:20,411 --> 00:10:23,623 gives me an overwhelming emotion. 113 00:10:28,253 --> 00:10:32,048 The stormy wind rushed through the pipes of the organ 114 00:10:32,132 --> 00:10:36,719 and a thunderous voice proclaimed the glory of god. 115 00:10:36,803 --> 00:10:38,972 Then a young man laid down on his back 116 00:10:39,055 --> 00:10:41,474 on the big, cold stones. 117 00:10:45,103 --> 00:10:48,064 The thundering wind rushed through the pipes of the organ 118 00:10:48,148 --> 00:10:49,941 until the pillars of the church 119 00:10:50,024 --> 00:10:53,069 could not bear the sound any more than he could. 120 00:11:19,637 --> 00:11:21,973 The organ grew a lot bigger, 121 00:11:22,056 --> 00:11:25,602 its pipes stretching from the heavens to the earth, 122 00:11:25,685 --> 00:11:28,188 and the young man felt such a strong wind 123 00:11:28,271 --> 00:11:34,027 that he Rose from the stones and flew into the air. 124 00:11:55,131 --> 00:11:59,636 And then I am admitted to hospital for observation. 125 00:12:02,764 --> 00:12:06,434 My gastroenterologist deems my situation hopeless 126 00:12:06,517 --> 00:12:09,312 and expects my complete and utter demise 127 00:12:09,395 --> 00:12:13,650 within a day or three, followed by a solemn funeral. 128 00:12:16,653 --> 00:12:19,447 Oh, maybe that's putting it a bit too harsh. 129 00:12:19,530 --> 00:12:21,950 I have to regain my strength, 130 00:12:22,033 --> 00:12:24,577 set out on my journey. 131 00:12:48,518 --> 00:12:52,105 Without clouds, the sky is blue. 132 00:12:52,188 --> 00:12:54,524 That's something I've known for a long time. 133 00:12:54,607 --> 00:12:58,152 But the first time I saw the light blue of the sky 134 00:12:58,236 --> 00:13:00,446 above the hills of Tuscany, 135 00:13:00,530 --> 00:13:03,658 it was framed by dark cypresses. 136 00:13:06,035 --> 00:13:10,957 The blueness of the sky is incomprehensible to me, 137 00:13:11,040 --> 00:13:15,128 as blue as... yes, as what? 138 00:13:15,211 --> 00:13:17,797 Bluer than the mediterranean sea, 139 00:13:17,880 --> 00:13:20,967 bluer than the blue of the Dutch flag. 140 00:13:21,050 --> 00:13:25,972 Bluer than snow is white and pitch is black. 141 00:13:29,017 --> 00:13:31,728 I cannot describe the curious feeling 142 00:13:31,811 --> 00:13:34,397 this lovely beauty gives me. 143 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:37,317 My poor eyes are staring and my poor brain 144 00:13:37,400 --> 00:13:43,448 is trying to comprehend the incomprehensible. 145 00:13:43,531 --> 00:13:46,534 Rarely, if ever, have I felt more calm, 146 00:13:46,617 --> 00:13:50,038 pleasant, and comfortable than lately. 147 00:13:52,206 --> 00:13:57,378 Many wondrous prints spring from my industrious hands. 148 00:13:57,462 --> 00:13:59,213 I leave it to posterity to judge 149 00:13:59,297 --> 00:14:02,258 whether these contain beauty. 150 00:14:28,159 --> 00:14:30,578 I set woodcutting aside for a while 151 00:14:30,661 --> 00:14:33,289 to improve my drawing skills. 152 00:14:33,373 --> 00:14:34,916 I want to learn to look 153 00:14:34,999 --> 00:14:38,127 and see better whilst I am drawing. 154 00:14:38,211 --> 00:14:41,005 I want to enjoy the tiniest details 155 00:14:41,089 --> 00:14:43,007 such as a one-inch diameter plant 156 00:14:43,091 --> 00:14:45,802 on a piece of rock. 157 00:14:45,885 --> 00:14:50,223 I want to try to draw these as accurately as possible. 158 00:14:53,684 --> 00:14:56,354 With your nose right on top of it, 159 00:14:56,437 --> 00:15:00,691 you see all of its beauty and all of its simplicity. 160 00:15:00,775 --> 00:15:04,153 But when you start drawing, only then do you realize 161 00:15:04,237 --> 00:15:06,948 how terribly complicated and shapeless 162 00:15:07,031 --> 00:15:09,158 that beauty really is. 163 00:15:09,242 --> 00:15:12,620 It is so terribly difficult. 164 00:15:12,703 --> 00:15:16,165 A small piece of rock, it's beautiful, 165 00:15:16,249 --> 00:15:18,960 but there's nothing to hold on to. 166 00:15:19,043 --> 00:15:21,379 There is no form that can be captured, 167 00:15:21,462 --> 00:15:23,756 it simply goes on in all directions, 168 00:15:23,840 --> 00:15:25,550 and you don't know where to begin 169 00:15:25,633 --> 00:15:27,427 and where to end. 170 00:15:27,510 --> 00:15:30,430 So nothing comes of it, of course. 171 00:15:30,513 --> 00:15:32,056 And I won't even start 172 00:15:32,140 --> 00:15:35,184 with all the beautiful little flowers. 173 00:15:35,268 --> 00:15:37,687 Color is indispensable for that, 174 00:15:37,770 --> 00:15:40,857 and I don't want to color. 175 00:16:26,569 --> 00:16:29,572 In the spring of 1923, 176 00:16:29,655 --> 00:16:32,992 I stay in ravello, which is situated on a hill 177 00:16:33,075 --> 00:16:35,828 surrounded by the foaming and rippling waves 178 00:16:35,912 --> 00:16:40,124 of the azure old world sea. 179 00:16:40,208 --> 00:16:42,502 There, on a blissful afternoon 180 00:16:42,585 --> 00:16:44,587 in the little hotel where I've settled in, 181 00:16:44,670 --> 00:16:49,050 three new guests join me at my table: 182 00:16:49,133 --> 00:16:52,470 A gentleman, his wife, and his daughter, 183 00:16:52,553 --> 00:16:55,973 jetta umiker, 24 years old. 184 00:16:57,850 --> 00:17:00,686 They've been expelled from Russia by the bolsheviks, 185 00:17:00,770 --> 00:17:04,357 leaving behind all their possessions. 186 00:17:04,440 --> 00:17:06,984 Russia has left its Mark on her 187 00:17:07,068 --> 00:17:09,153 as much mentally as physically, 188 00:17:09,237 --> 00:17:11,155 because she has suffered from hunger 189 00:17:11,239 --> 00:17:15,284 and seen too many people being murdered. 190 00:17:15,368 --> 00:17:17,912 She exerts an influence on me 191 00:17:17,995 --> 00:17:20,331 similar to that of an electromagnet 192 00:17:20,414 --> 00:17:25,378 on a scrappy piece of cast iron. 193 00:17:25,461 --> 00:17:28,005 Although I decided to keep my feelings hidden, 194 00:17:28,089 --> 00:17:31,551 her influence finally becomes so powerful 195 00:17:31,634 --> 00:17:33,844 that on the last day before her departure, 196 00:17:33,928 --> 00:17:35,930 the piece of cast iron loses 197 00:17:36,013 --> 00:17:38,891 its last remaining mental capabilities 198 00:17:38,975 --> 00:17:44,230 and slams into the magnet with a dull thud. 199 00:17:44,313 --> 00:17:46,357 While we are out on a walk together, 200 00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:49,193 I open up my heart to her. 201 00:18:04,584 --> 00:18:08,379 The prettiest and softest things you possess 202 00:18:08,462 --> 00:18:11,882 besides your heart are your hands. 203 00:18:11,966 --> 00:18:13,634 They touch me. 204 00:18:13,759 --> 00:18:17,346 Your long fingers, like those of a thief, 205 00:18:17,430 --> 00:18:19,974 have stolen my heart. 206 00:18:20,057 --> 00:18:22,476 Why have they chosen it? 207 00:18:31,277 --> 00:18:33,863 Yesterday afternoon, I escorted jetta 208 00:18:33,946 --> 00:18:35,865 and her parents to the train station 209 00:18:35,948 --> 00:18:38,367 where she left for Switzerland. 210 00:18:38,451 --> 00:18:42,997 I feel left behind here, miserable, and lonely. 211 00:18:51,464 --> 00:18:53,215 I can be alone the whole day, 212 00:18:53,299 --> 00:18:55,176 because when I'm cutting wood, 213 00:18:55,259 --> 00:19:01,182 it sets my light, fantastical thoughts in motion. 214 00:19:01,265 --> 00:19:02,933 But in the evening, 215 00:19:03,017 --> 00:19:06,562 when my great longing for jetta overwhelms me, 216 00:19:06,646 --> 00:19:09,774 the loneliness becomes unbearable. 217 00:19:20,534 --> 00:19:23,079 Then I walked through the narrow streets 218 00:19:23,162 --> 00:19:25,289 and think of the ever so sad life 219 00:19:25,373 --> 00:19:27,750 she is leading, 220 00:19:27,833 --> 00:19:29,251 and of the possibility 221 00:19:29,335 --> 00:19:32,922 that I might make that life happier. 222 00:21:17,151 --> 00:21:20,362 I like to sketch in the evening in Rome, 223 00:21:20,446 --> 00:21:23,407 the wondrous, beautiful, nocturnal Rome 224 00:21:23,491 --> 00:21:26,702 that I love so much more than the same architecture 225 00:21:26,786 --> 00:21:28,621 during the day. 226 00:21:41,592 --> 00:21:44,762 All the excessive baroque thrills 227 00:21:44,845 --> 00:21:48,057 that Rome is filled with fade at night. 228 00:21:57,024 --> 00:21:59,485 Moreover, the modern, indirect lighting 229 00:21:59,568 --> 00:22:01,320 with large floodlights 230 00:22:01,403 --> 00:22:04,114 helps to increase the fantastic effect. 231 00:22:05,533 --> 00:22:08,035 So I draw every evening 232 00:22:08,118 --> 00:22:11,580 and finish the sketch on wood the next day. 233 00:22:25,469 --> 00:22:27,847 I know no greaterjoy 234 00:22:27,930 --> 00:22:31,016 than to wander through valleys and over hills 235 00:22:31,100 --> 00:22:32,852 from village to village 236 00:22:32,935 --> 00:22:37,106 to feel the artlessness of nature affect me 237 00:22:37,189 --> 00:22:40,192 and enjoy the unexpected and never thought of 238 00:22:40,276 --> 00:22:42,695 in the greatest possible contrast 239 00:22:42,778 --> 00:22:45,698 with everyday life at home. 240 00:22:54,456 --> 00:22:58,294 On my journeys, everything seems real, 241 00:22:58,377 --> 00:23:00,713 but when you remember it later, 242 00:23:00,796 --> 00:23:03,591 you realize that it was like a dream. 243 00:23:08,888 --> 00:23:12,433 When I remember a scent, a feeling, or a sound, 244 00:23:12,516 --> 00:23:16,562 the emotion sometimes becomes too strong for me. 245 00:24:44,108 --> 00:24:45,985 And then there is the delightful fact 246 00:24:46,068 --> 00:24:48,404 of knowingly abstaining 247 00:24:48,487 --> 00:24:51,323 from the comfort we are used to at home. 248 00:24:51,407 --> 00:24:56,245 Unpleasant things, such as a bed not free of vermin, 249 00:24:56,328 --> 00:24:58,664 or food of lesser quality, 250 00:24:58,747 --> 00:25:03,127 even become part of the enjoyment. 251 00:25:03,210 --> 00:25:05,379 I often think of undertaking such journeys 252 00:25:05,462 --> 00:25:07,715 in the company of my sons one day. 253 00:25:07,798 --> 00:25:12,845 For children, it must be the greatestjoy imaginable. 254 00:26:56,949 --> 00:26:59,868 That winter, we were in the Swiss mountains 255 00:26:59,952 --> 00:27:05,415 in that horrendous white, snowy misery I cannot stand. 256 00:27:05,499 --> 00:27:09,461 I hate that white shroud covering the earth. 257 00:27:14,633 --> 00:27:17,469 One night, when we'djust gone to bed, 258 00:27:17,594 --> 00:27:19,763 the sound jetta's hair made 259 00:27:19,847 --> 00:27:21,890 as she was plaiting it in the dark 260 00:27:21,974 --> 00:27:24,601 reminded me of the sound of a boat 261 00:27:24,726 --> 00:27:27,729 when it breasts a quiet sea. 262 00:27:30,566 --> 00:27:35,070 A great longing for the sea took control of me. 263 00:27:42,911 --> 00:27:46,290 Suddenly, I came up with the idea to write a letter 264 00:27:46,373 --> 00:27:48,876 to an Italian merchant shipping company 265 00:27:48,959 --> 00:27:51,211 that operated a service around Italy 266 00:27:51,295 --> 00:27:53,463 to valencia in Spain. 267 00:27:55,299 --> 00:27:57,718 I proposed that jetta and myself 268 00:27:57,801 --> 00:28:01,555 would come along as passengers for free. 269 00:28:01,638 --> 00:28:05,142 In return, I would make 12 prints for them 270 00:28:05,225 --> 00:28:07,561 based on sketches made during the journey 271 00:28:07,644 --> 00:28:11,523 in order to advertise their tourist transport. 272 00:28:16,862 --> 00:28:19,990 To my astonishment, after a few days, 273 00:28:20,073 --> 00:28:22,701 I received a letter of approval. 274 00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:36,048 I drew like a maniac, was perfectly pampered. 275 00:28:36,131 --> 00:28:39,801 One liter of wine a day and lived the life of a prince 276 00:28:39,885 --> 00:28:42,095 on this floating house that brought me 277 00:28:42,179 --> 00:28:46,475 to a new port every day without any lugging. 278 00:28:46,558 --> 00:28:48,894 It was delightful. 279 00:29:06,245 --> 00:29:09,831 In valencia, we disembarked for a three-week journey 280 00:29:09,915 --> 00:29:13,919 across southern Spain at our own expense. 281 00:29:55,377 --> 00:29:58,797 In granada, we visited the alhambra. 282 00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:02,592 In this wonderful aristocratic work of art, 283 00:30:02,676 --> 00:30:06,930 we spent three days copying passionately. 284 00:30:07,014 --> 00:30:09,099 The palaces were full of visitors 285 00:30:09,182 --> 00:30:11,184 who formed a large audience around us 286 00:30:11,268 --> 00:30:13,228 while we were drawing. 287 00:31:02,652 --> 00:31:06,573 What fascinates me in the tiles of the alhambra 288 00:31:06,698 --> 00:31:10,243 is the discovery of a motif that repeats itself 289 00:31:10,327 --> 00:31:13,288 according to a certain system. 290 00:31:33,183 --> 00:31:37,020 In haarlem, I already enjoyed giving meaning 291 00:31:37,104 --> 00:31:40,649 to the entire surface of a piece of paper, 292 00:31:40,732 --> 00:31:42,692 by this I mean to say that I don't want to draw 293 00:31:42,776 --> 00:31:45,737 the head of a person against the background 294 00:31:45,821 --> 00:31:47,489 of a room, for example. 295 00:31:47,572 --> 00:31:51,952 No, besides the head, the background should have 296 00:31:52,035 --> 00:31:54,371 as much meaning as the head itself, 297 00:31:54,496 --> 00:31:57,207 thus becoming another head! 298 00:32:05,424 --> 00:32:08,343 It was a first attempt to systematize, 299 00:32:08,427 --> 00:32:10,887 although at the time, I didn't really understand 300 00:32:10,971 --> 00:32:12,305 what I was doing. 301 00:32:14,391 --> 00:32:18,687 I was disheartened, so I abandoned this puzzle. 302 00:32:18,770 --> 00:32:20,397 I was completely inexperienced 303 00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:22,524 and no one on earth could help me. 304 00:32:35,412 --> 00:32:38,957 The wall and floor mosaics at the alhambra 305 00:32:39,040 --> 00:32:41,251 stem from the same thought, 306 00:32:41,376 --> 00:32:45,672 albeit the moors only use geometric figures. 307 00:33:15,869 --> 00:33:18,121 What a pity the moors didn't use figures 308 00:33:18,205 --> 00:33:20,874 derived from nature, such as building blocks, 309 00:33:20,957 --> 00:33:24,586 fish, birds, reptiles, or humans. 310 00:33:24,669 --> 00:33:28,798 Recognizability is so important to me 311 00:33:28,882 --> 00:33:31,384 that I've never been able to do without it. 312 00:35:18,950 --> 00:35:20,910 I had left Italy. 313 00:35:20,994 --> 00:35:24,331 I lost the Italian landscape and architecture, 314 00:35:24,414 --> 00:35:27,542 and something else had to take its place. 315 00:35:27,626 --> 00:35:31,963 This stimulated the formation of inner images. 316 00:35:32,047 --> 00:35:34,883 I started working with passion when I discovered 317 00:35:34,966 --> 00:35:38,595 that I had things of my own that had to come out, 318 00:35:38,678 --> 00:35:42,724 that I could express something others don't have. 319 00:35:46,603 --> 00:35:52,692 I am 40, the age at which most people are at their best. 320 00:35:52,817 --> 00:35:56,988 For me, this is the richest of times. 321 00:36:43,868 --> 00:36:46,246 I showed my brother, a geologist, 322 00:36:46,329 --> 00:36:48,832 some tessellation motifs. 323 00:36:51,084 --> 00:36:52,752 He was interested in my motifs 324 00:36:52,877 --> 00:36:55,171 from a more scientific point of view 325 00:36:55,255 --> 00:36:58,007 and told me that I was unknowingly applying 326 00:36:58,091 --> 00:37:01,803 a kind of two-dimensional crystallography. 327 00:37:13,022 --> 00:37:15,066 He advised me to read up on it, 328 00:37:15,150 --> 00:37:17,777 but most of the articles were far too difficult, 329 00:37:17,861 --> 00:37:20,655 dry, and theoretical for me. 330 00:37:20,739 --> 00:37:23,283 Still, my understanding became clearer, 331 00:37:23,408 --> 00:37:25,785 and I began to see the possibilities offered 332 00:37:25,869 --> 00:37:29,873 by the regular division of the plane. 333 00:37:29,956 --> 00:37:33,001 For the first time, I dared to create compositions 334 00:37:33,084 --> 00:37:36,880 based on the problem of expressing endlessness 335 00:37:36,963 --> 00:37:39,591 within a limited plane. 336 00:37:47,515 --> 00:37:50,852 An endless series of three-dimensional men 337 00:37:50,977 --> 00:37:53,646 is rushing down the stairs. 338 00:37:53,730 --> 00:37:56,357 Gradually, they lose their plasticity 339 00:37:56,441 --> 00:38:00,069 as they freeze, flatten, and turn into the motif 340 00:38:00,153 --> 00:38:03,698 of a regularly organized tessellation. 341 00:38:06,034 --> 00:38:10,413 The motif simplifies upwards towards its original form, 342 00:38:10,497 --> 00:38:12,165 the diamond. 343 00:38:12,290 --> 00:38:15,668 Three diamonds in white, gray, and black 344 00:38:15,752 --> 00:38:17,587 together form a cube 345 00:38:17,670 --> 00:38:20,507 and thus regain their plasticity. 346 00:38:20,590 --> 00:38:24,594 The cube turns into a block, a house, 347 00:38:24,677 --> 00:38:27,639 and from a house, a human product. 348 00:38:27,722 --> 00:38:30,016 The people reappear 349 00:38:30,099 --> 00:38:33,061 to endlessly repeat their cycle. 350 00:38:33,144 --> 00:38:36,314 The familiar tile floor motif on the terraces 351 00:38:36,397 --> 00:38:39,317 is the same original motif again. 352 00:38:39,400 --> 00:38:43,363 The diamond, the link between two and three dimensions, 353 00:38:43,446 --> 00:38:46,324 the idea upon which the entire composition 354 00:38:46,407 --> 00:38:48,368 is built. 355 00:38:48,451 --> 00:38:50,662 The landscape behind the houses 356 00:38:50,745 --> 00:38:54,374 is intended as a maximum of naturalness, 357 00:38:54,457 --> 00:38:57,585 in contrast to the mathematical tessellation 358 00:38:57,669 --> 00:38:59,629 at the bottom of the print. 359 00:39:07,679 --> 00:39:12,809 The print day and night is a similar kind of cycle. 360 00:39:50,305 --> 00:39:53,391 The judgment of acquaintances and friends 361 00:39:53,474 --> 00:39:56,436 makes me feel that this is strange to them. 362 00:39:56,519 --> 00:39:58,855 And they don't know what to think of it. 363 00:39:58,938 --> 00:40:01,816 The reception is not conducive to the enthusiasm 364 00:40:01,900 --> 00:40:04,527 with which I am painstakingly tinkering 365 00:40:04,611 --> 00:40:07,280 and searching in this direction. 366 00:40:07,405 --> 00:40:08,698 I fear that other prints 367 00:40:08,781 --> 00:40:10,283 will be a disappointment as well, 368 00:40:10,408 --> 00:40:13,536 because in those, I deviate even more so 369 00:40:13,620 --> 00:40:15,079 than in day and night 370 00:40:15,163 --> 00:40:18,625 from a desire for aesthetic satisfaction. 371 00:40:18,708 --> 00:40:21,878 The mathematical interest is becoming so dominant 372 00:40:21,961 --> 00:40:25,965 that I am wondering whether it is still trying to be art 373 00:40:26,049 --> 00:40:29,886 and whether it even belongs at an art exhibition. 374 00:40:41,814 --> 00:40:45,109 As a little boy lying in bed at night, 375 00:40:45,193 --> 00:40:48,571 I would enjoy playing with associative thoughts. 376 00:40:48,655 --> 00:40:50,657 For example, I would say, 377 00:40:50,740 --> 00:40:53,326 "how can I find the logical connection 378 00:40:53,409 --> 00:40:57,455 between the letter s and the tail of my dog?" 379 00:40:57,538 --> 00:40:59,290 A thousand ways to get there. 380 00:40:59,374 --> 00:41:04,045 For example, s, sky, bird, nest, 381 00:41:04,128 --> 00:41:08,883 branch, tree, garden, dog, tail. 382 00:41:11,052 --> 00:41:12,887 Iplayed a lot of these games, 383 00:41:12,971 --> 00:41:15,848 and actually, I haven't got much further. 384 00:41:15,932 --> 00:41:17,183 I've merely found a way 385 00:41:17,266 --> 00:41:20,979 to express these thoughts visually. 386 00:41:21,062 --> 00:41:25,608 The regular hexagon, honeycomb, bee. 387 00:41:33,616 --> 00:41:35,827 A new factor has been added to this, 388 00:41:35,952 --> 00:41:40,289 a direct association of shape. 389 00:41:40,373 --> 00:41:44,210 A fish whose background turns into a bird. 390 00:41:49,340 --> 00:41:53,553 So it's a mishmash that lacks all profoundness. 391 00:41:53,636 --> 00:41:58,099 It is and remains the game of a child. 392 00:41:58,182 --> 00:42:03,646 And sensible people are welcome to consider it trivial. 393 00:42:03,730 --> 00:42:07,275 The best way for me to express my association mania 394 00:42:07,358 --> 00:42:10,194 would be in an animated film. 395 00:42:10,278 --> 00:42:12,613 In the future, the animated film 396 00:42:12,697 --> 00:42:14,365 will become an artistic expression 397 00:42:14,449 --> 00:42:15,950 of great value, 398 00:42:16,034 --> 00:42:18,202 showing more important thoughts 399 00:42:18,286 --> 00:42:20,830 than snow white or Mickey, 400 00:42:20,913 --> 00:42:24,083 although I have no contempt for these products at all. 401 00:42:24,167 --> 00:42:28,337 On the contrary, admiration for Disney's talent. 402 00:42:32,592 --> 00:42:36,888 I often dream of the film I would like to make, 403 00:42:36,971 --> 00:42:41,476 the astonishing metamorphosis you would see then. 404 00:42:46,647 --> 00:42:49,776 Sadly, there would be no audience for it 405 00:42:49,859 --> 00:42:55,740 as I would most certainly bore people to death with it. 406 00:43:27,980 --> 00:43:31,567 Since the complete exclusion of the Jews, 407 00:43:31,651 --> 00:43:33,277 I feel increasingly uncomfortable 408 00:43:33,361 --> 00:43:35,154 when I exhibit my work. 409 00:43:35,238 --> 00:43:38,783 It feels like I'm profiteering. 410 00:43:38,866 --> 00:43:41,702 And if I'm not mistaken, all visual artists 411 00:43:41,786 --> 00:43:44,914 will be forced to join the chamber of culture, 412 00:43:44,997 --> 00:43:48,459 otherwise they will not be able to exhibit their work. 413 00:43:52,505 --> 00:43:56,342 I've cancelled my membership of the artist society pulchri 414 00:43:56,467 --> 00:43:59,720 and the graphic association myself. 415 00:43:59,804 --> 00:44:02,223 I think that will be clear enough. 416 00:44:16,863 --> 00:44:20,658 Here in baarn, I hardly know anyone, 417 00:44:20,741 --> 00:44:23,244 and I don't know a lot of colleagues either. 418 00:44:23,327 --> 00:44:25,079 No matter how satisfied I am 419 00:44:25,163 --> 00:44:27,874 with the isolation in which we live here, 420 00:44:27,957 --> 00:44:29,876 at this moment, I would like to have 421 00:44:29,959 --> 00:44:32,795 a bit more human contact. 422 00:44:39,969 --> 00:44:42,722 I have developed the tessellation pattern 423 00:44:42,805 --> 00:44:46,517 of white optimists and black pessimists 424 00:44:46,601 --> 00:44:48,769 into a complete morality tale. 425 00:44:48,853 --> 00:44:52,565 One white and one black representative of each type 426 00:44:52,648 --> 00:44:55,568 free themselves from the gray surface 427 00:44:55,651 --> 00:44:59,697 of the back wall and walk into space. 428 00:44:59,780 --> 00:45:02,575 They avoid tumbling into the round hole in the middle, 429 00:45:02,700 --> 00:45:06,037 so they're bound to meet each other in the foreground. 430 00:45:06,120 --> 00:45:08,372 The black pessimist continues 431 00:45:08,456 --> 00:45:11,375 to raise his warning finger until the end, 432 00:45:11,459 --> 00:45:12,919 but the white optimist 433 00:45:13,002 --> 00:45:15,296 cheerfully comes to his encounter, 434 00:45:15,379 --> 00:45:18,591 and they end up shaking hands. 435 00:45:26,933 --> 00:45:29,602 I had many Jewish friends. 436 00:45:29,685 --> 00:45:34,357 My old teacher, de mesquita, he refused to go into hiding. 437 00:45:39,946 --> 00:45:43,449 One night, they were all taken away. 438 00:45:43,532 --> 00:45:46,327 In '44, during the hongerwinter, 439 00:45:46,452 --> 00:45:49,163 the neighbors said, "haven't you heard? 440 00:45:49,247 --> 00:45:52,166 The mesquitas have been taken away." 441 00:45:55,962 --> 00:45:57,880 I entered their home. 442 00:45:57,964 --> 00:46:00,383 This print was lying on the floor 443 00:46:00,466 --> 00:46:03,678 with the nail prints of the German boots on it, 444 00:46:03,803 --> 00:46:05,179 and in his studio, 445 00:46:05,263 --> 00:46:07,556 everything was turned upside down. 446 00:46:07,640 --> 00:46:10,309 I took home 200 prints. 447 00:46:10,393 --> 00:46:12,979 These things cannot be forgotten, 448 00:46:13,062 --> 00:46:16,607 taken away in the middle of the night. 449 00:46:16,691 --> 00:46:19,527 And every now and then, the image looms up before me 450 00:46:19,610 --> 00:46:23,406 like a nightmare. 451 00:46:23,489 --> 00:46:27,702 When in the night escaped from the narcosis of sleep, 452 00:46:27,785 --> 00:46:30,288 my opened eyes stare 453 00:46:30,371 --> 00:46:33,624 into unfathomable depths of darkness, 454 00:46:33,708 --> 00:46:40,172 the birds of despair come flying on slow wings. 455 00:47:32,516 --> 00:47:36,771 We had a single rickety bike with makeshift tires, 456 00:47:36,854 --> 00:47:38,481 which I rode to overijssel 457 00:47:38,564 --> 00:47:42,276 through the bitter cold, wind, and rain. 458 00:47:42,360 --> 00:47:45,363 Those journeys upset me very much, 459 00:47:45,446 --> 00:47:48,657 I saw such an awful lot of suffering. 460 00:47:48,741 --> 00:47:50,618 I'll never forget it. 461 00:47:50,743 --> 00:47:53,788 But I could keep our family on its feet, 462 00:47:53,871 --> 00:47:59,085 even though my wife is now in bad shape. 463 00:47:59,168 --> 00:48:03,214 However, I wasn't able to get any work done. 464 00:48:03,297 --> 00:48:07,426 That was the bitterest pill I had to swallow. 465 00:48:15,309 --> 00:48:18,562 After the war, I retired to my studio. 466 00:48:18,646 --> 00:48:22,024 My sons now take care of the food supply. 467 00:48:22,108 --> 00:48:24,819 My wife is too weak to do much herself 468 00:48:24,902 --> 00:48:26,612 besides cooking. 469 00:49:11,574 --> 00:49:14,827 Finally, I am working again. 470 00:49:14,910 --> 00:49:17,913 It takes more effort than ever before. 471 00:49:17,997 --> 00:49:20,958 My brain seems to be completely dazed. 472 00:49:21,041 --> 00:49:23,711 But at least I'm doing something again. 473 00:49:46,859 --> 00:49:49,570 Originally, the intention of the eye 474 00:49:49,653 --> 00:49:51,864 was nothing more than a general interest 475 00:49:51,947 --> 00:49:53,782 in the human eye. 476 00:49:53,908 --> 00:49:56,744 But since the viewer always sees himself 477 00:49:56,827 --> 00:50:00,080 reflected in the eye he is looking at, 478 00:50:00,164 --> 00:50:02,875 I thought I would show the reflection of a skull 479 00:50:02,958 --> 00:50:06,879 as a variant of the prints with mirroring spheres, 480 00:50:06,962 --> 00:50:09,798 because we are all, whether we want it or not, 481 00:50:09,882 --> 00:50:11,884 looking at death, 482 00:50:11,967 --> 00:50:15,554 and he is looking back at us. 483 00:50:47,044 --> 00:50:50,339 God almighty, I wish I would learn to draw 484 00:50:50,422 --> 00:50:52,633 a little better. 485 00:50:52,716 --> 00:50:55,469 What exertion and determination it takes 486 00:50:55,553 --> 00:50:57,555 to try and do it well. 487 00:50:57,638 --> 00:50:59,974 Every now and then, I'm close to delirium 488 00:51:00,099 --> 00:51:02,518 from pure nerves. 489 00:51:02,601 --> 00:51:05,396 It is really only a matter of dogged persistence 490 00:51:05,479 --> 00:51:10,359 with continuous, pitiless self criticism. 491 00:51:10,442 --> 00:51:13,862 Talent and such is actually just hogwash, 492 00:51:13,946 --> 00:51:15,823 for the most part. 493 00:51:22,663 --> 00:51:25,416 Any schoolboy with a little aptitude 494 00:51:25,541 --> 00:51:29,003 will perhaps be better at drawing than I am. 495 00:51:30,879 --> 00:51:33,048 But what he most often lacks 496 00:51:33,132 --> 00:51:36,385 is the tough yearning for realization, 497 00:51:36,468 --> 00:51:38,971 the teeth-grinding stubbornness, 498 00:51:39,054 --> 00:51:43,601 and saying, "even though I know I cannot do it, 499 00:51:43,684 --> 00:51:46,854 I want to do it anyway." 500 00:52:21,263 --> 00:52:22,765 The puddle is 501 00:52:22,848 --> 00:52:26,644 uncharacteristically impressionistic for me, 502 00:52:26,727 --> 00:52:30,064 but the symbol is so strong and striking in itself, 503 00:52:30,147 --> 00:52:32,483 and every time, it is such a consolation 504 00:52:32,566 --> 00:52:36,153 to see the sky in the puddle again. 505 00:52:36,236 --> 00:52:37,655 But it did not come to my mind 506 00:52:37,738 --> 00:52:39,448 to change anything in the image 507 00:52:39,531 --> 00:52:42,993 as it occurs on a forest or country road. 508 00:52:43,077 --> 00:52:46,413 It was not my intention to draw a particular puddle 509 00:52:46,497 --> 00:52:48,374 on a particular country road, 510 00:52:48,457 --> 00:52:51,418 but the puddle that can be found anywhere, 511 00:52:51,502 --> 00:52:53,295 all over the world. 512 00:54:05,576 --> 00:54:07,119 This creature, 513 00:54:07,202 --> 00:54:12,374 pedalternorotandomovens centroculatus articulosus, 514 00:54:12,458 --> 00:54:14,752 popularly known as "curl-up," 515 00:54:14,835 --> 00:54:18,172 was born out of dissatisfaction. 516 00:54:18,255 --> 00:54:21,800 The idea came to me when I was riding my bicycle. 517 00:54:21,884 --> 00:54:24,052 I thought, how absurd. 518 00:54:24,136 --> 00:54:27,055 I am rolling over the ground on wheels, 519 00:54:27,139 --> 00:54:30,392 which is much easier than on foot. 520 00:54:30,476 --> 00:54:33,645 God has forgotten to create the wheel, 521 00:54:33,729 --> 00:54:35,981 and he has also forgotten to create animals 522 00:54:36,064 --> 00:54:39,568 that can use their bodies as a wheel or hoop 523 00:54:39,651 --> 00:54:41,653 to move themselves forward. 524 00:54:41,737 --> 00:54:43,530 I am meeting this need 525 00:54:43,614 --> 00:54:46,325 with the design of this curl-up. 526 00:54:46,408 --> 00:54:48,952 Biological details are not yet known. 527 00:54:49,036 --> 00:54:50,496 Nothing to be said with certainty 528 00:54:50,579 --> 00:54:52,998 about its reproduction. 529 00:55:42,047 --> 00:55:44,424 Three surfaces of the earth 530 00:55:44,508 --> 00:55:47,052 intersect at a right angle, 531 00:55:47,135 --> 00:55:49,429 and people live on each of them. 532 00:55:49,513 --> 00:55:51,431 Two inhabitants of different worlds 533 00:55:51,515 --> 00:55:53,684 cannot live on the same floor, 534 00:55:53,767 --> 00:55:56,019 as their notion of what is horizontal and vertical 535 00:55:56,103 --> 00:55:57,312 is not the same. 536 00:55:57,437 --> 00:56:00,732 However, they can use the same staircase, 537 00:56:00,816 --> 00:56:05,153 but with one person ascending and the other descending. 538 00:56:05,237 --> 00:56:08,282 Contact between the two is impossible, 539 00:56:08,365 --> 00:56:10,242 for they live in different worlds, 540 00:56:10,325 --> 00:56:12,411 and therefore cannot have any knowledge 541 00:56:12,494 --> 00:56:14,830 of each other's existence. 542 00:57:59,351 --> 00:58:01,812 Like a madman, I have thrown myself 543 00:58:01,895 --> 00:58:05,232 into the printing of old engravings again. 544 00:58:05,315 --> 00:58:08,902 That damn job simply has to be done periodically. 545 00:58:08,986 --> 00:58:12,155 Half dazed by continuous radio sounds, 546 00:58:12,239 --> 00:58:16,785 I'm plowing my way through this pile of printing ink. 547 00:58:33,385 --> 00:58:37,222 I am smitten by bach's music. 548 00:58:37,347 --> 00:58:39,391 A short motif that repeats itself 549 00:58:39,474 --> 00:58:41,268 in various ways, 550 00:58:41,393 --> 00:58:43,603 identically in a different key, 551 00:58:43,687 --> 00:58:45,897 back to front or upside down. 552 00:58:45,981 --> 00:58:49,026 They're almost mathematical figures. 553 00:58:49,109 --> 00:58:51,695 It has a lot in common with my motifs, 554 00:58:51,778 --> 00:58:54,781 which also repeat themselves endlessly. 555 00:58:57,034 --> 00:58:59,619 In both, there is a compelling rhythm, 556 00:58:59,745 --> 00:59:04,041 a Cadence in search of a certain endlessness. 557 00:59:08,045 --> 00:59:10,213 This feeling of kinship is so strong 558 00:59:10,297 --> 00:59:13,383 that I often get inspired when I'm listening to bach. 559 00:59:13,467 --> 00:59:17,137 There is an undeniable connection. 560 00:59:37,699 --> 00:59:40,827 I attended a performance of the St. Matthew passion 561 00:59:40,911 --> 00:59:43,163 in naarden. 562 00:59:43,246 --> 00:59:45,582 My eyes wandered past the walls, 563 00:59:45,665 --> 00:59:47,959 columns, arches, and vaults, 564 00:59:48,043 --> 00:59:51,546 of that high, wide, immovable church. 565 01:00:08,522 --> 01:00:09,898 Immovable? 566 01:00:10,023 --> 01:00:12,442 Suddenly, it became clear to me 567 01:00:12,526 --> 01:00:16,404 that this church was far from immovable. 568 01:00:16,488 --> 01:00:20,367 My imagination, enlivened by the constant stream 569 01:00:20,450 --> 01:00:23,954 of beautiful sounds that came to us, 570 01:00:24,037 --> 01:00:27,874 saw the globe with the naarden church on it 571 01:00:27,958 --> 01:00:30,585 rotating in the universe. 572 01:00:30,669 --> 01:00:33,588 First, I saw the old naarden fort 573 01:00:33,672 --> 01:00:37,134 as a more than five-armed starfish. 574 01:00:40,137 --> 01:00:42,430 Then I flew to the coast, crossed the channel, 575 01:00:42,556 --> 01:00:44,391 and before long, I found myself 576 01:00:44,474 --> 01:00:48,270 above the gray, turbulent Atlantic ocean. 577 01:00:57,320 --> 01:00:59,364 At the latitude of New York, 578 01:00:59,447 --> 01:01:01,950 I reached the American mainland. 579 01:01:02,033 --> 01:01:05,287 Unfortunately so, because it was gloomy, cold, 580 01:01:05,370 --> 01:01:07,914 and rough above the ocean. 581 01:01:13,795 --> 01:01:16,089 I cannot give a clear description 582 01:01:16,214 --> 01:01:18,425 of the sight of the United States, 583 01:01:18,508 --> 01:01:20,886 but I do know that it was cheerful and bright there 584 01:01:20,969 --> 01:01:24,973 with lots of sun on snowcapped mountains. 585 01:01:27,934 --> 01:01:29,311 Near San Francisco, 586 01:01:29,436 --> 01:01:32,355 I ended up above the ocean again. 587 01:01:33,982 --> 01:01:36,526 I saw Honolulu from afar, 588 01:01:36,610 --> 01:01:38,778 then a whole lot of cheerful water again 589 01:01:38,862 --> 01:01:41,406 and finally straight across the dense, 590 01:01:41,489 --> 01:01:43,700 humid jungles of new Guinea, 591 01:01:43,783 --> 01:01:46,703 celebes, and the Borneo coast. 592 01:02:02,052 --> 01:02:05,764 How I came back again, I do not know. 593 01:02:05,847 --> 01:02:08,141 The fact is that I suddenly found myself 594 01:02:08,225 --> 01:02:11,228 sitting on my kitchen chair 595 01:02:11,311 --> 01:02:13,396 in the naarden church again. 596 01:02:13,480 --> 01:02:16,775 Just when they were singing at the top of their voices, 597 01:02:16,858 --> 01:02:20,195 we sit down in tears. 598 01:02:20,320 --> 01:02:21,988 Completely malapropos, 599 01:02:22,072 --> 01:02:26,243 as I felt surprisingly cheerful and satisfied. 600 01:02:55,730 --> 01:02:59,734 Meanwhile, I have finished a new lithograph. 601 01:02:59,818 --> 01:03:01,569 I believe I have never made anything 602 01:03:01,653 --> 01:03:04,698 as strange as this one in my life. 603 01:03:06,408 --> 01:03:09,577 Among other things, it depicts a young man 604 01:03:09,661 --> 01:03:11,538 attentively looking at a print 605 01:03:11,621 --> 01:03:13,415 on the wall of an exhibition, 606 01:03:13,498 --> 01:03:16,418 which is a picture of himself. 607 01:03:16,501 --> 01:03:18,420 How can this be? 608 01:03:18,503 --> 01:03:20,922 Maybe I am not so far removed 609 01:03:21,006 --> 01:03:23,967 from Einstein's curved universe. 610 01:04:00,128 --> 01:04:02,005 I've made an effort to explain 611 01:04:02,130 --> 01:04:05,008 the smaller and smaller print to visitors, 612 01:04:05,091 --> 01:04:06,760 but it's becoming increasingly clear 613 01:04:06,843 --> 01:04:08,386 that people are insensitive 614 01:04:08,470 --> 01:04:11,222 to the beauty of this infinite world 615 01:04:11,348 --> 01:04:13,558 within a defined plane. 616 01:04:13,641 --> 01:04:14,994 Most people simply don't understand 617 01:04:15,018 --> 01:04:16,561 what it's about. 618 01:04:16,644 --> 01:04:18,271 This is ever more sad to me, 619 01:04:18,355 --> 01:04:20,023 because I'm working on the next version, 620 01:04:20,106 --> 01:04:22,984 which is meant to far exceed the first. 621 01:04:23,068 --> 01:04:27,197 Although, in theory, the infinitely small in size 622 01:04:27,280 --> 01:04:31,576 and infinitely large in number is reached in the center, 623 01:04:31,701 --> 01:04:33,787 this work only partially satisfies. 624 01:04:33,870 --> 01:04:36,623 It remains a fragment, because outwards, 625 01:04:36,748 --> 01:04:39,626 the pattern is arbitrarily limited. 626 01:04:39,709 --> 01:04:43,171 However, my great enthusiasm for these kinds of depictions 627 01:04:43,254 --> 01:04:45,840 and my fixation on my investigations 628 01:04:45,965 --> 01:04:51,346 might eventually lead me to a satisfying discovery. 629 01:04:59,896 --> 01:05:01,272 I found an image 630 01:05:01,356 --> 01:05:03,817 by the Canadian mathematician coxeter 631 01:05:03,900 --> 01:05:05,944 that will probably help me. 632 01:05:06,027 --> 01:05:09,697 One way to bring infinity to finite terms 633 01:05:09,781 --> 01:05:12,659 is by the transformation called "inversion" 634 01:05:12,742 --> 01:05:16,287 so that it is on the same diameter. 635 01:05:16,371 --> 01:05:18,373 But the hocus pocus of his words 636 01:05:18,498 --> 01:05:19,874 are no good to me. 637 01:05:19,958 --> 01:05:21,709 No matter how much effort it takes, 638 01:05:21,793 --> 01:05:23,670 it's all the more fulfilling for me 639 01:05:23,753 --> 01:05:26,548 to solve such a problem myself 640 01:05:26,673 --> 01:05:29,384 in my own clumsy way. 641 01:05:34,013 --> 01:05:36,975 A circular, regular tessellation 642 01:05:37,058 --> 01:05:41,354 logically bounded on all sides by the infinitesimal 643 01:05:41,438 --> 01:05:44,691 is a thing of miraculous beauty. 644 01:06:29,986 --> 01:06:33,281 This is the limit. 645 01:06:33,364 --> 01:06:36,159 The entire world is contained in it. 646 01:06:36,242 --> 01:06:40,330 It is a successful attempt at visualizing infinity, 647 01:06:40,413 --> 01:06:44,876 and it represents a milestone in my development. 648 01:06:44,959 --> 01:06:47,837 Deeply saddening and hangover inducing 649 01:06:47,921 --> 01:06:49,714 remains the fact that I'm starting 650 01:06:49,797 --> 01:06:51,841 to speak a language that is understood 651 01:06:51,925 --> 01:06:55,803 by very few people. 652 01:06:55,887 --> 01:06:58,515 This only increases my loneliness. 653 01:06:58,598 --> 01:07:02,644 After all, I do not belong anywhere anymore. 654 01:07:02,727 --> 01:07:06,022 I'm too stupid to live as a scientist. 655 01:07:06,105 --> 01:07:08,107 I'm not an artist either. 656 01:07:08,191 --> 01:07:12,570 I hover between mathematics and art. 657 01:07:19,452 --> 01:07:22,664 It's just pure creation. 658 01:07:22,789 --> 01:07:25,583 Shall we take a look at some paradoxical architecture? 659 01:07:25,667 --> 01:07:27,293 You're gonna have to master a few tricks 660 01:07:27,377 --> 01:07:29,754 if you're gonna build three complete dream levels. 661 01:07:29,879 --> 01:07:31,589 Excuse me. 662 01:07:31,673 --> 01:07:33,383 What kind of tricks? 663 01:07:33,466 --> 01:07:35,093 In a dream, you can cheat architecture 664 01:07:35,176 --> 01:07:36,803 into impossible shapes. 665 01:07:36,886 --> 01:07:39,264 That lets you create closed loops, 666 01:07:39,347 --> 01:07:42,141 like the penrose steps. 667 01:07:42,225 --> 01:07:44,644 The infinite staircase. 668 01:07:49,482 --> 01:07:52,569 I'm working on the design of a new print 669 01:07:52,652 --> 01:07:55,363 with a staircase that keeps ascending, 670 01:07:55,446 --> 01:07:57,657 or descending, if you will. 671 01:08:00,285 --> 01:08:03,079 It is a closed, ring-shaped thing, 672 01:08:03,162 --> 01:08:05,790 and yet the perspective is correct! 673 01:08:11,504 --> 01:08:14,173 There's a great number of human figures walking on it 674 01:08:14,257 --> 01:08:16,217 in two directions. 675 01:08:16,301 --> 01:08:20,722 One line is arduously climbing up to infinity 676 01:08:20,847 --> 01:08:24,851 while the other endlessly descends. 677 01:08:26,561 --> 01:08:29,981 A sad, pessimistic subject, this staircase, 678 01:08:30,064 --> 01:08:35,111 but very profound and absurd. 679 01:08:35,194 --> 01:08:38,656 People do not like to talk about their descents, 680 01:08:38,740 --> 01:08:42,410 and all the more about their climbs. 681 01:08:46,331 --> 01:08:48,207 Paradox. 682 01:08:56,007 --> 01:08:58,926 I've been officially invited to give a lecture 683 01:08:59,010 --> 01:09:01,638 and exhibit my work at a conference 684 01:09:01,721 --> 01:09:04,432 for crystallographers in america. 685 01:09:04,557 --> 01:09:06,267 Fine kettle of fish, 686 01:09:06,351 --> 01:09:09,187 I don't know anything about crystallography 687 01:09:09,270 --> 01:09:11,064 in a scientific sense, 688 01:09:11,147 --> 01:09:15,026 but apparently, they are reveling in my fantasies. 689 01:09:15,109 --> 01:09:17,570 Well, I guess I should go then. 690 01:09:22,992 --> 01:09:25,328 No better means of transport 691 01:09:25,411 --> 01:09:27,997 and no better lodging than a cargo boat 692 01:09:28,081 --> 01:09:30,083 if you want some peace and quiet. 693 01:09:32,168 --> 01:09:35,797 For weeks, no need to assume any responsibilities, 694 01:09:35,880 --> 01:09:38,633 out of reach of the telephone and letters, 695 01:09:38,716 --> 01:09:40,635 no longer having to read the newspapers 696 01:09:40,718 --> 01:09:42,887 or hear the news reports. 697 01:09:42,970 --> 01:09:46,432 As a result, you acquire a receptivity 698 01:09:46,516 --> 01:09:50,478 that allows you to really wonder again. 699 01:09:53,898 --> 01:09:57,318 You feel disconnected, not only from worries, 700 01:09:57,402 --> 01:10:02,323 but also from the firmness of the earth's crust. 701 01:10:02,407 --> 01:10:04,450 And then you start to observe 702 01:10:04,534 --> 01:10:08,579 that infinite variation of waves and undulations 703 01:10:08,663 --> 01:10:10,248 and you see the living creatures 704 01:10:10,331 --> 01:10:15,002 in and above the sea, the fish and the birds, 705 01:10:15,086 --> 01:10:17,547 and you finally look at the celestial, 706 01:10:17,630 --> 01:10:19,924 heavenly bodies again: 707 01:10:20,007 --> 01:10:24,929 The sun, the moon, and the stars. 708 01:10:38,568 --> 01:10:41,154 In the sultry night, you can lie 709 01:10:41,237 --> 01:10:44,115 stretched out on your back on a tarpaulin, 710 01:10:44,198 --> 01:10:46,993 and if you bring a flashlight and a star chart, 711 01:10:47,076 --> 01:10:49,370 you can easily commit the eternal figures 712 01:10:49,495 --> 01:10:51,539 of the constellations to memory 713 01:10:51,622 --> 01:10:54,751 and call them by their names. 714 01:11:01,382 --> 01:11:03,009 And the moon. 715 01:11:03,092 --> 01:11:04,510 While she was looking down on me 716 01:11:04,594 --> 01:11:07,013 like a big lamp high above the sea, 717 01:11:07,096 --> 01:11:09,182 I was so amazed at the distance 718 01:11:09,265 --> 01:11:12,643 between her and me. 719 01:11:18,816 --> 01:11:20,526 Breathless with wonder, 720 01:11:20,610 --> 01:11:23,112 I was subjected to her silence, 721 01:11:23,196 --> 01:11:25,156 her apparent immobility, 722 01:11:25,239 --> 01:11:28,284 her motionless balance in space. 723 01:11:33,331 --> 01:11:35,416 She became a symbol to me, 724 01:11:35,500 --> 01:11:38,669 or rather a demonstration of gravity, 725 01:11:38,753 --> 01:11:40,671 which is not a boring concept, 726 01:11:40,755 --> 01:11:45,301 but a living, gripping incomprehensibility. 727 01:13:37,747 --> 01:13:40,207 At home, I am working feverishly, 728 01:13:40,291 --> 01:13:42,251 but I'm constantly disturbed 729 01:13:42,335 --> 01:13:44,754 by the many foreigners at our door 730 01:13:44,837 --> 01:13:47,798 and the growing amount of correspondence. 731 01:13:52,386 --> 01:13:57,224 Mr. Mick Jagger asking me to design a picture 732 01:13:57,308 --> 01:14:01,354 or to place at his disposal unpublished work 733 01:14:01,437 --> 01:14:03,648 to reproduce on the cover sleeve 734 01:14:03,731 --> 01:14:06,067 for an lp record. 735 01:14:07,693 --> 01:14:11,572 My answer to both questions must be no, 736 01:14:11,656 --> 01:14:14,659 because I want to devote all my time and attention 737 01:14:14,742 --> 01:14:17,328 to the many commitments I made. 738 01:14:19,246 --> 01:14:23,876 By the way, please tell Mr. Jagger 739 01:14:23,960 --> 01:14:26,671 I am not maurits to him, 740 01:14:26,754 --> 01:14:30,132 but very sincerely, 741 01:14:30,216 --> 01:14:32,593 m. C. Escher. 742 01:14:47,525 --> 01:14:49,860 These orgies of color 743 01:14:49,944 --> 01:14:52,822 were clandestinely printed in California. 744 01:14:52,905 --> 01:14:55,241 I got hold of the horrendous results 745 01:14:55,324 --> 01:14:58,369 through the mediation of a friendly customer. 746 01:14:58,452 --> 01:15:00,788 The bright colors are entirely at the expense 747 01:15:00,871 --> 01:15:04,083 of the publisher, who is undoubtedly speculating 748 01:15:04,166 --> 01:15:06,752 on the taste of today's youth. 749 01:15:13,050 --> 01:15:15,428 They were printed with fluorescent ink 750 01:15:15,511 --> 01:15:19,181 and will really come to life in ultraviolet light. 751 01:15:19,306 --> 01:15:21,183 I only know this from hearsay, 752 01:15:21,267 --> 01:15:23,519 because I have never verified it. 753 01:15:37,033 --> 01:15:41,620 Palm from 1933 never had a lot of success, 754 01:15:41,746 --> 01:15:45,207 but was recently elevated to the dignity of a poster 755 01:15:45,291 --> 01:15:49,128 in colors so shrill they hurt your eyes. 756 01:15:52,506 --> 01:15:56,052 What on earth does this young generation see 757 01:15:56,135 --> 01:15:57,470 in my work? 758 01:15:57,553 --> 01:15:58,888 Doesn't it lack all the qualities 759 01:15:59,013 --> 01:16:01,223 that are hip these days? 760 01:16:01,307 --> 01:16:03,893 It is cerebral and rationalized 761 01:16:03,976 --> 01:16:06,228 instead of wild and sexy. 762 01:16:06,312 --> 01:16:08,064 And how can they reconcile it 763 01:16:08,189 --> 01:16:10,900 with their addiction to narcotics? 764 01:16:16,238 --> 01:16:19,116 But why not let those californian students 765 01:16:19,200 --> 01:16:23,704 and hippies buy a color poster for a small amount of money? 766 01:16:23,788 --> 01:16:26,373 My prints are not only much too expensive, 767 01:16:26,499 --> 01:16:28,584 they are also too sober in tone 768 01:16:28,667 --> 01:16:31,003 for the taste of many modern youths, 769 01:16:31,087 --> 01:16:32,379 who are usually as fond 770 01:16:32,463 --> 01:16:34,799 of the screaming colors on their walls 771 01:16:34,882 --> 01:16:36,801 as they are of the screaming 772 01:16:36,884 --> 01:16:39,553 coming out of their record players. 773 01:16:41,514 --> 01:16:44,433 Sunset in your eyes. 774 01:16:44,517 --> 01:16:48,687 Traveling the train through clear Moroccan skies. 775 01:16:48,771 --> 01:16:51,065 Ducks and pigs and chickens call, 776 01:16:51,148 --> 01:16:53,526 animal carpet wall to wall. 777 01:16:53,609 --> 01:16:57,071 American ladies five-foot tall in blue. 778 01:16:59,365 --> 01:17:03,369 Sweeping cobwebs from the edges of my mind. 779 01:17:03,452 --> 01:17:06,413 I've always tried to be an observant person. 780 01:17:06,497 --> 01:17:10,459 I've always tried to remain open all around. 781 01:17:10,543 --> 01:17:15,381 I... I'm constantly seeing things, you know? 782 01:17:15,464 --> 01:17:19,093 But escher's work made me see differently. 783 01:17:19,176 --> 01:17:21,512 One of the things about escher's work 784 01:17:21,595 --> 01:17:27,309 is that it bears studying. 785 01:17:27,393 --> 01:17:31,188 You know, you have an overall appreciation of the piece, 786 01:17:31,272 --> 01:17:33,274 but when you get deep into the piece 787 01:17:33,357 --> 01:17:35,609 and see what's going on, 788 01:17:35,693 --> 01:17:38,070 it becomes even more miraculous. 789 01:17:38,154 --> 01:17:40,489 So escher taught me to see differently, 790 01:17:40,573 --> 01:17:42,158 and I'm very thankful for that. 791 01:17:46,036 --> 01:17:47,496 I think one of the last pieces 792 01:17:47,580 --> 01:17:51,834 I ever saw of escher's was snakes. 793 01:17:51,917 --> 01:17:53,169 I think that may have been 794 01:17:53,252 --> 01:17:56,046 one of the last pieces that he did. 795 01:17:56,172 --> 01:17:59,175 And he was not a young man when he finished that, 796 01:17:59,258 --> 01:18:01,969 and that is stunning. 797 01:18:02,052 --> 01:18:04,346 I am handicapped by my health. 798 01:18:04,430 --> 01:18:07,057 It takes a lot of time every day. 799 01:18:07,141 --> 01:18:10,519 In the meantime, I try to reprint wood cuts. 800 01:18:10,603 --> 01:18:12,730 I do not feel free enough from worry 801 01:18:12,813 --> 01:18:15,274 to start working on new ideas, 802 01:18:15,357 --> 01:18:18,277 and I'm content with that old métier. 803 01:18:18,360 --> 01:18:20,988 It calms the soul. 804 01:18:25,409 --> 01:18:29,830 Doing this work gives me the sad feeling of getting old, 805 01:18:29,914 --> 01:18:31,874 because who would spend his time chewing 806 01:18:31,957 --> 01:18:36,045 and mulling over things he made years and years ago? 807 01:18:37,588 --> 01:18:39,965 It is not a creative activity, 808 01:18:40,049 --> 01:18:44,220 but really a process of going over old ground. 809 01:18:53,604 --> 01:18:55,856 A prerequisite for a good print, 810 01:18:55,940 --> 01:18:59,151 and by "good" I mean a print that resonates 811 01:18:59,276 --> 01:19:01,445 with a relatively large audience 812 01:19:01,528 --> 01:19:04,156 is that no hocus pocus is practiced 813 01:19:04,240 --> 01:19:06,116 without a very sound 814 01:19:06,200 --> 01:19:09,828 and effortless connection with reality. 815 01:19:09,912 --> 01:19:14,416 What I can say is that no print ever succeeds. 816 01:19:14,541 --> 01:19:16,877 They all fail, 817 01:19:16,961 --> 01:19:19,838 simply because I always pursue a vision 818 01:19:19,922 --> 01:19:22,925 that cannot be realized. 819 01:19:28,305 --> 01:19:31,058 My prints, none of which were ever made 820 01:19:31,141 --> 01:19:35,020 with the primary aim of making something beautiful, 821 01:19:35,104 --> 01:19:39,358 simply cause me headaches. 822 01:19:39,441 --> 01:19:43,112 That is the reason why I never feel fully at home 823 01:19:43,195 --> 01:19:45,739 amongst my colleagues. 824 01:19:45,823 --> 01:19:50,160 They pursue beauty first and foremost. 825 01:19:50,244 --> 01:19:54,665 Perhaps I only pursue wonder. 826 01:20:02,172 --> 01:20:06,635 I really believe that the high-end art world 827 01:20:06,719 --> 01:20:09,680 is going to rediscover escher, 828 01:20:09,763 --> 01:20:12,766 and I think that his artwork is going to be appreciated 829 01:20:12,850 --> 01:20:15,185 for what it really is: 830 01:20:15,269 --> 01:20:17,062 Stunning work. 831 01:20:17,146 --> 01:20:19,523 And I think the rest of the world 832 01:20:19,606 --> 01:20:22,818 is going to have to catch up to escher's work. 833 01:20:22,901 --> 01:20:28,615 I think it will transcend into the future brilliantly. 834 01:20:28,699 --> 01:20:31,118 The crazier this place gets, 835 01:20:31,201 --> 01:20:33,954 the noisier this place gets, 836 01:20:34,038 --> 01:20:38,250 the more his work is really interesting. 837 01:20:38,334 --> 01:20:40,169 He's gonna be much more appreciated 838 01:20:40,252 --> 01:20:42,629 in the coming years. 839 01:20:42,713 --> 01:20:44,256 I really feel it. 63960

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