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The Earth's oceans.
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With boundless depths
and shadowy creatures,
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they are a realm of both fear and mystery.
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Deep below the surface
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dwell some of the most remarkable species.
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One particular type of fish
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continues to leave the world in awe,
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yet remains heavily misunderstood.
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Eaten or hunted merely for sport,
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humans have largely abandoned a species
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that is far more complex
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than the bloodthirsty predators
we've been led to believe.
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Known globally as sharks,
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these fish deserve a more
nuanced understanding.
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With sensationalized stories,
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illegal fishing,
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and the oceans changing
at a record-breaking rate,
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the future of sharks is now
more threatened than ever.
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Over numerous decades,
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sharks have become evil caricatures.
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Depicted as mindlessly
ferocious and bloodthirsty,
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the media has not shied away
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from feeding into the stereotypes
surrounding the species.
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The 1975 film "Jaws,"
directed by Steven Spielberg,
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was by all accounts a
technical and narrative marvel.
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The film featured a police chief,
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a marine biologist, and
a local shark hunter
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who sought to find and
kill a great white shark
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which had fatally attacked
some swimmers prior.
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Get everybody out!
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Upon release,
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the public perception on sharks
had changed for the worse.
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In a heartbeat, the fish was demonized.
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A shark was now known as
a bloodthirsty creature
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which only seeks to kill,
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the devil reincarnated.
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What came next was
devastating to shark life.
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Although the fear of
sharks predates the film,
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the impact "Jaws" had on the human psyche
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led to a term being
called the "Jaws" effect.
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More films and TV shows would follow,
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always depicting sharks
in a negative light
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and steadily strengthening the
fear people have of the fish.
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Films such as "The Shallows" and "The Meg"
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are some of the many
which have fallen victim
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to the "Jaws" effect.
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In an effort to inform the
misconceptions about sharks,
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the series "Shark Week" was established
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to promote shark conservation.
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However, the hatred of this
fish had become global.
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Shark attacks would be pushed
to the media forefront,
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when in reality these
attacks were extremely scarce
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and on many occasions provoked.
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So for most people,
there is, yes, just fear.
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It's a sort of one-dimensional
view of the shark.
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Increasingly in recent years,
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and I'm really, really
thrilled about this,
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the shark is being seen as the victim
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rather than the threat.
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People are beginning to realize
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that sharks are being way overfished.
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For many, many, many years,
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their fins were sliced off to
end up in bowls of fin soup.
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And to give you an idea of this,
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I was doing some some vox
pops down in the street
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in Richmond about 12 years ago
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with a presenter called
Miranda Krestovnikoff,
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and we were trying to
find people in the street
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to give us the stereotype answer
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of what sharks meant to them.
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We wanted shock, horror, fear.
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It was really a struggle.
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We were asking people what
they thought about sharks
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and they were saying,
"Oh, you must understand,
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you know, sharks are being overfished,
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sharks are being killed.
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The real threat is not sharks to humans.
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It's humans to sharks."
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Which was great news.
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It was fantastic, 'cause our
message was getting across.
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I would say the shark will always struggle
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to lose its image of fear, of attack.
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It's just the word.
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In parts of China,
Taiwan, and Southeast Asia,
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shark fin soup has been a
delicacy since the 1300s.
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The process of finning
involved capturing the fish,
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slicing off the shark's fin,
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and dumping the rest of
the still-living body
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back into the ocean.
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The fins themselves
became high-value targets
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due to their monetary and cultural value.
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Shark finning was banned in Europe in 2003
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following a UK campaign
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to conserve the frighteningly
endangered species.
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The finning process is also outlawed
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in all high sea tuna fisheries
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within Eastern countries such as China,
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although shark fins still
continue to be collected
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and exported throughout
many different countries.
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Sharks have a very
low reproduction rate,
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so will commonly produce very few pups.
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A great white shark, for example,
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typically might produce between three,
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maybe 7, 8, 9, maximum maybe 10 pups,
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and this doesn't happen very often.
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I think the gestation
period for a white shark
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is about eight or nine months.
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So low production rates,
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so very, very, very susceptible
to being overfished.
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So you start taking too
many of these animals out
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and they don't sexually mature
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until I think females are about,
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I think females are about
14, males are about 12.
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So very difficult for shark populations
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to take a lot of fishing pressure.
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And certainly through the '90s,
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the early part of this century,
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when shark fins were being harvested
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at an absolutely obscene rate,
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you know, not a million, not two million,
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tens of millions of fins a
year just being sliced off
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to end up in bowls of,
frankly, rather tasteless soup.
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00:07:00,810 --> 00:07:02,880
And the reason that sort
of started happening
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was because of the huge growth
in the Chinese population
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that could afford the luxuries.
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So suddenly it wasn't just, you know,
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the communist politburo
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or the top guys who
could afford this stuff;
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it was the middle class who
suddenly had a lot of money,
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so the whole market went berserk.
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And shark's fin soup
went from being something
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that people dreamt about
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to something that people
served at their weddings
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and all sorts of social events.
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It was a little bit of sort
of a mark of having made it.
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You know, instead of serving caviar
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which you might do in this society here,
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serve shark fin soup.
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And so enormous pressure on sharks.
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Sharks were harvested,
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tens of millions, hundreds of millions,
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and it really does show.
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I mean, I've visited
various places in the world
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where there are no sharks.
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Liz Downey,
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maritime expert at the London Aquarium,
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says sharks are being slaughtered so fast
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soon there won't be any left to fish.
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At the moment, the
trade is so unsustainable
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that it will end up that
we will no longer have
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a fishing trade for sharks if we carry on,
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and it may have more
devastating effects than that
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in actually resulting in
extinction of some species.
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It is the shark's fin,
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the mere sight of which
is enough to cause terror,
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that threatens to be its downfall.
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A trip down London's Chinatown
quickly shows the reason why.
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Across the world, particularly
in Asian communities,
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there's an insatiable
appetite for shark's fin soup
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and other traditional recipes
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made from the fin of the killer fish.
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Environmentalists say we
should care about the shark
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because it does a good job
feeding on weak and sick fish,
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maintaining nature's
balance in the oceans.
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They insist its evil reputation
is largely undeserved.
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Since the 1970s,
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the shark population saw
a decline like no other.
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By 2024, over 71% of
biomass has been overfished.
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Each year, over 100
million sharks are killed.
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According to Nat Geo,
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there has been a 79% drop
in the great white family
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and 80% drop in thresher sharks
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and a 99% drop in bull
sharks, dusky sharks,
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smooth hammerheads, and porbeagle sharks.
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I grew up in the in the Gulf,
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in Kuwait and Bahrain
and places like that,
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and sharks were in our lives all the time.
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I then led about six shark
expeditions to the Gulf
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looking for sharks and we chummed,
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so we put stuff in the
water to attract sharks
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for over 400 hours
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and we only had one large predatory shark.
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One.
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We found lots of dead
sharks in the markets.
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So we were able to study our sharks,
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and from a scientific perspective,
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the thing worked in that respect,
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but that just shows you the
extraordinary rate of depletion
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in that particular piece of water.
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'Cause when I was a kid
growing up in the Gulf,
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sharks were there literally all the time.
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It's a treat to see a shark
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and it's almost unheard
of now to see a big shark.
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You're normally seeing small blacktips
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and small reef sharks
and things like that.
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So all over the world, I'm
afraid, massively depleted.
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And with a species like
the great white shark,
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we don't have any idea how many there are.
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00:10:23,670 --> 00:10:26,400
They're probably much more depleted
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even than something like lions.
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You read figures with the white shark
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of between 3,500 and 5,000
animals in the whole planet.
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I mean, that's frightening stuff.
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Of course, they don't breathe air
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like sort of dolphins, whales
and this, that, and the other,
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so more difficult to count.
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00:10:45,540 --> 00:10:48,240
I mean, more difficult to
get an idea of populations,
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but we do know the population
is massively depleted.
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Sharks are now going extinct
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at an alarming rate.
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00:10:55,530 --> 00:10:57,120
After the release of "Jaws,"
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more fishermen became obsessed
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00:10:58,650 --> 00:11:01,143
over showing their ability
to kill the species.
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00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:05,370
By taking a small boat out onto the water
217
00:11:05,370 --> 00:11:07,530
or simply fishing from the shore,
218
00:11:07,530 --> 00:11:09,870
catching sharks as large as 500 pounds
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00:11:09,870 --> 00:11:12,843
was possible with a
reasonably-sized rod and reel.
220
00:11:14,430 --> 00:11:16,740
Alongside people fishing on their own,
221
00:11:16,740 --> 00:11:18,330
people began to sponsor tournaments
222
00:11:18,330 --> 00:11:21,063
to initiate organized
shark fishing for prizes.
223
00:11:22,470 --> 00:11:24,333
The death of a shark was celebrated.
224
00:11:36,300 --> 00:11:37,680
How did the great white shark
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become one of the world's
most dominant predators?
226
00:11:43,080 --> 00:11:45,960
The story starts over
380 million years ago
227
00:11:45,960 --> 00:11:48,393
during what was known
as the Devonian Period.
228
00:11:51,480 --> 00:11:54,630
The first shark species
was known the Cladoselache,
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00:11:54,630 --> 00:11:56,100
although it has also speculated
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00:11:56,100 --> 00:11:57,600
that this was a type of chimaera
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00:11:57,600 --> 00:11:59,823
due to its anatomy
consisting of cartilage.
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00:12:01,260 --> 00:12:02,880
I guess for many, many, many years,
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00:12:02,880 --> 00:12:04,833
I was really into sharks.
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00:12:04,833 --> 00:12:07,380
What I wanted to do was
basically save sharks.
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00:12:07,380 --> 00:12:11,430
I became aware in the 1980s
of the incredible threat
236
00:12:11,430 --> 00:12:13,650
the world shark populations were facing,
237
00:12:13,650 --> 00:12:16,050
mainly due to finning and overfishing.
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00:12:16,050 --> 00:12:19,470
So for 30-odd years I was
sort of a shark crusader.
239
00:12:19,470 --> 00:12:22,320
When I was eight years
old, I was sent out from UK
240
00:12:22,320 --> 00:12:25,020
where I was at prep school,
boarding school, to Kuwait,
241
00:12:25,020 --> 00:12:27,240
and all I wanted to do was go swimming.
242
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'Cause it was Easter and
it was Easter time here,
243
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so not warm, but really
warm in Kuwait in the Gulf.
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00:12:32,670 --> 00:12:33,503
And I got there
245
00:12:33,503 --> 00:12:35,910
and my mother said no
swimming outside our house
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because there had been a shark attack.
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I mean, how exciting is
that to an eight-year-old?
248
00:12:40,560 --> 00:12:42,600
So I was really disappointed
I couldn't go swimming
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and I spent virtually the
whole of that Easter holiday
250
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sitting on the garden wall
251
00:12:46,230 --> 00:12:48,330
waiting for a fin to go like that
252
00:12:48,330 --> 00:12:50,280
and hoping there would
be someone in the water.
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00:12:50,280 --> 00:12:51,210
That's pretty bizarre,
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but it's kind of the way
small boys are, you know?
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It never happened.
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00:12:54,240 --> 00:12:57,197
So I was literally hooked
on sharks, and still am.
257
00:12:57,197 --> 00:12:59,490
Though sharks
do not possess bones,
258
00:12:59,490 --> 00:13:01,080
they can still fossilize,
259
00:13:01,080 --> 00:13:03,000
resulting in the spectacular condition
260
00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:06,213
of their skeletons and teeth
which remain in museums today.
261
00:13:08,370 --> 00:13:10,800
As sharks age, calcium salts are deposited
262
00:13:10,800 --> 00:13:13,560
into their skeletal
cartilage to strengthen them.
263
00:13:13,560 --> 00:13:15,360
The jaws of a shark are so solid
264
00:13:15,360 --> 00:13:17,670
one might confuse them for bone.
265
00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:20,760
The skeletal structure allows
the shark to remain light
266
00:13:20,760 --> 00:13:23,430
and their large livers are
filled with low-density oils,
267
00:13:23,430 --> 00:13:25,780
which allows them to keep
buoyant in the ocean.
268
00:13:30,930 --> 00:13:32,580
The curious thing about sharks
269
00:13:32,580 --> 00:13:35,520
is that although they've
evolved massively in some ways,
270
00:13:35,520 --> 00:13:38,130
they're a perfectly evolved animal,
271
00:13:38,130 --> 00:13:40,170
which is why they've survived.
272
00:13:40,170 --> 00:13:41,730
They are an incredible animal
273
00:13:41,730 --> 00:13:44,910
in the sense that they're perfect.
274
00:13:44,910 --> 00:13:47,040
You know, we've got our senses,
275
00:13:47,040 --> 00:13:48,990
touch, smell, taste, et cetera.
276
00:13:48,990 --> 00:13:51,330
They've got our senses plus one.
277
00:13:51,330 --> 00:13:54,120
And if you think about them
swimming through the water,
278
00:13:54,120 --> 00:13:56,130
they look like a fighter plane.
279
00:13:56,130 --> 00:13:57,777
So they look like the
wings out there, you know,
280
00:13:57,777 --> 00:13:59,580
and the tail wing up there,
281
00:13:59,580 --> 00:14:03,600
and they're this thing and
they're covered in little teeth.
282
00:14:03,600 --> 00:14:06,810
The body's covered in little
teeth called dermal denticles.
283
00:14:06,810 --> 00:14:10,170
This means they've got very,
very, very little resistance
284
00:14:10,170 --> 00:14:11,400
going through the water.
285
00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:13,200
They can swim, you know, effortlessly.
286
00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:14,310
If you watch them,
287
00:14:14,310 --> 00:14:16,110
it's just a very chilled-out thing
288
00:14:16,110 --> 00:14:19,050
until something makes 'em
do something different.
289
00:14:19,050 --> 00:14:20,100
Traditionally,
290
00:14:20,100 --> 00:14:22,110
if one was to determine
the age of a shark,
291
00:14:22,110 --> 00:14:24,690
their vertebrae would need to be examined.
292
00:14:24,690 --> 00:14:26,100
The vertebrae contains pairs
293
00:14:26,100 --> 00:14:27,780
of translucent and opaque bands
294
00:14:27,780 --> 00:14:30,080
which can be counted
like the rings of a tree.
295
00:14:32,910 --> 00:14:35,430
Scientists have discovered
the method may be inaccurate
296
00:14:35,430 --> 00:14:38,373
due to the varying nature of
the shark's size and species.
297
00:14:39,270 --> 00:14:42,660
This inaccuracy led to a new
study on deposition rate,
298
00:14:42,660 --> 00:14:44,760
indicating the quantity of bands produced
299
00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:47,940
are in accordance with each
species and size class.
300
00:14:47,940 --> 00:14:50,190
By validating the deposition rate,
301
00:14:50,190 --> 00:14:53,433
the age of a shark be
calculated with more accuracy.
302
00:14:56,490 --> 00:14:57,900
During the Devonian Period,
303
00:14:57,900 --> 00:15:00,360
the ocean was swarming
with ancient marine animals
304
00:15:00,360 --> 00:15:03,123
such as ammonoids, an
extinct form of mollusk.
305
00:15:07,980 --> 00:15:09,060
The trilobites,
306
00:15:09,060 --> 00:15:12,180
an ancient ancestor of
crabs known as arthropods,
307
00:15:12,180 --> 00:15:13,800
were steadily declining,
308
00:15:13,800 --> 00:15:16,083
likely due to their inefficient anatomy.
309
00:15:17,370 --> 00:15:19,050
Abundant fossil remains
310
00:15:19,050 --> 00:15:21,840
show that the trilobites
had segmented bodies
311
00:15:21,840 --> 00:15:26,010
and simple jointed appendages
similar to modern crustaceans.
312
00:15:26,010 --> 00:15:26,880
It was clear to see
313
00:15:26,880 --> 00:15:29,553
that the new age of marine
life was on the horizon.
314
00:15:32,160 --> 00:15:34,983
Species were evolving to
ensure their survival.
315
00:15:36,090 --> 00:15:38,400
Sharks in particular would find themselves
316
00:15:38,400 --> 00:15:39,993
in a very dominant position.
317
00:15:42,930 --> 00:15:44,730
Towards the end of the Devonian Period
318
00:15:44,730 --> 00:15:47,040
came an extinction event so devastating
319
00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:50,463
that it had wiped out 75%
of the Earth's species.
320
00:15:51,720 --> 00:15:54,420
Global temperatures had
reached a height so severe
321
00:15:54,420 --> 00:15:55,920
that the mixing rate of the oceans
322
00:15:55,920 --> 00:15:58,503
had altered between the
surface and lower layers.
323
00:16:00,540 --> 00:16:03,900
The bottom waters experienced
a low reoxygenation rate,
324
00:16:03,900 --> 00:16:06,243
leading to the death
of many ocean species.
325
00:16:08,460 --> 00:16:11,730
We've been here five minutes,
326
00:16:11,730 --> 00:16:13,617
200,000 years actually,
327
00:16:13,617 --> 00:16:14,970
and the way we're going,
328
00:16:14,970 --> 00:16:18,120
we're gonna be very lucky to
be here another few hundred,
329
00:16:18,120 --> 00:16:19,620
let alone 100,00.
330
00:16:19,620 --> 00:16:21,780
So the sharks have been here forever
331
00:16:21,780 --> 00:16:24,360
and we're just a teeny little weeny blip,
332
00:16:24,360 --> 00:16:26,660
and I suspect they'll
be here when we're gone.
333
00:16:27,870 --> 00:16:30,060
The
Carboniferous Period had begun
334
00:16:30,060 --> 00:16:33,063
and is now widely known to
be the golden age for sharks.
335
00:16:35,550 --> 00:16:37,350
The golden age not only set sharks
336
00:16:37,350 --> 00:16:39,420
as dominant predators in the ocean,
337
00:16:39,420 --> 00:16:42,003
but it also gave birth to
many variants of shark.
338
00:16:43,020 --> 00:16:45,180
The Stethacanthus is one
of the stranger types
339
00:16:45,180 --> 00:16:46,470
to roam the sea.
340
00:16:46,470 --> 00:16:48,660
Evolving from the chimaera lineage,
341
00:16:48,660 --> 00:16:50,400
this particular shark had developed
342
00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:52,923
a distinctive anvil-shaped
fin on its back.
343
00:16:54,870 --> 00:16:56,310
By the end of the golden age,
344
00:16:56,310 --> 00:16:57,420
the seas were swarming
345
00:16:57,420 --> 00:17:00,303
in a presumed 45 different shark families.
346
00:17:01,170 --> 00:17:02,670
From the harsh temperature change
347
00:17:02,670 --> 00:17:04,860
during the Permian-Triassic Period
348
00:17:04,860 --> 00:17:06,180
to the alleged meteorite
349
00:17:06,180 --> 00:17:08,910
which killed the dinosaurs
in the Jurassic period,
350
00:17:08,910 --> 00:17:11,510
it is clear that sharks
have stood the test of time.
351
00:17:13,860 --> 00:17:16,110
The shark species have
miraculously survived
352
00:17:16,110 --> 00:17:17,883
five major extinction events.
353
00:17:19,530 --> 00:17:21,120
Although a contributing factor,
354
00:17:21,120 --> 00:17:23,160
this wasn't just due
to the sheer hardiness
355
00:17:23,160 --> 00:17:25,350
and durability of the fish.
356
00:17:25,350 --> 00:17:27,000
Sharks are malleable.
357
00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:29,760
Their ability to survive
lies in their exploitation
358
00:17:29,760 --> 00:17:31,710
of different parts of the water column,
359
00:17:32,970 --> 00:17:34,140
from the shallow waters
360
00:17:34,140 --> 00:17:36,843
to the deep dark oceans and even rivers.
361
00:17:38,040 --> 00:17:40,530
Their diet is also vast.
362
00:17:40,530 --> 00:17:43,200
Sharks will feed on something
as small as plankton
363
00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:44,943
to prey as large as whales.
364
00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:48,843
Their diversity has also
played a massive part.
365
00:17:49,980 --> 00:17:52,350
Whilst many species of
shark had gone extinct,
366
00:17:52,350 --> 00:17:55,383
such as the Stethacanthus
and the notorious megalodon,
367
00:17:56,250 --> 00:17:58,140
many have evolved to survive,
368
00:17:58,140 --> 00:18:01,620
requiring far less food in
order to sustain themselves,
369
00:18:01,620 --> 00:18:03,483
unlike their giant ancestors.
370
00:18:05,160 --> 00:18:06,330
Megalodon.
371
00:18:06,330 --> 00:18:09,430
So 15 meters worth of fish
372
00:18:10,470 --> 00:18:15,470
weighing up to 10
elephants worth, 50 tons,
373
00:18:15,470 --> 00:18:18,450
and a mouth two meters wide.
374
00:18:18,450 --> 00:18:21,420
I mean, it's a good job this
guy isn't around, it really is.
375
00:18:21,420 --> 00:18:24,150
And teeth about 20 centimeters.
376
00:18:24,150 --> 00:18:27,483
The white shark is kind
of like a mini megalodon.
377
00:18:28,380 --> 00:18:30,750
Science thinks that white sharks
378
00:18:30,750 --> 00:18:35,310
are descended from the same
sort of branch of ancestry.
379
00:18:35,310 --> 00:18:37,680
But yeah, what a fish that was.
380
00:18:37,680 --> 00:18:40,230
You can actually buy fossil teeth.
381
00:18:40,230 --> 00:18:44,970
Probably big ones would be
about 20 meters, top to bottom.
382
00:18:44,970 --> 00:18:46,650
Big fish, big teeth.
383
00:18:46,650 --> 00:18:47,850
To be avoided.
384
00:18:47,850 --> 00:18:49,290
I don't like to think of things extinct,
385
00:18:49,290 --> 00:18:51,590
but I'm kind of glad
they're extinct actually.
386
00:19:03,120 --> 00:19:05,040
The anatomy
of a shark naturally varies
387
00:19:05,040 --> 00:19:08,250
depending on the biology
of their predecessors.
388
00:19:08,250 --> 00:19:09,990
The hammerhead shark, for instance,
389
00:19:09,990 --> 00:19:12,960
one of the youngest
families in our ocean today,
390
00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:16,680
is estimated to have evolved
from a carcharhinid ancestor,
391
00:19:16,680 --> 00:19:18,693
also known as a requiem shark.
392
00:19:19,560 --> 00:19:20,970
The unusual shape of its head
393
00:19:20,970 --> 00:19:22,710
is an amazing piece of anatomy,
394
00:19:22,710 --> 00:19:24,750
built to maximize the fish's ability
395
00:19:24,750 --> 00:19:27,333
to find its favorite meal, stingrays.
396
00:19:28,860 --> 00:19:31,680
The great white shark, simply
known as a white shark,
397
00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:33,750
has a remarkable anatomy.
398
00:19:33,750 --> 00:19:36,930
Their species are classically
shaped with a pointed snout,
399
00:19:36,930 --> 00:19:38,760
a triangular dorsal fin,
400
00:19:38,760 --> 00:19:40,773
and a crescent-shaped caudal fin.
401
00:19:42,540 --> 00:19:44,160
Each white shark is unique
402
00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:46,980
and identifiable by the
color of their flanks,
403
00:19:46,980 --> 00:19:50,610
ranging from very pale
undersides to a grayish black.
404
00:19:50,610 --> 00:19:53,460
This also allows them to
view their prey from above,
405
00:19:53,460 --> 00:19:55,773
disguising themselves with the pale sky.
406
00:19:57,600 --> 00:19:59,160
The nostrils of the white shark
407
00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:00,660
are on the underside of the snout
408
00:20:00,660 --> 00:20:03,900
and lead to an organ
called the olfactory bulb.
409
00:20:03,900 --> 00:20:05,700
The white shark is reported to possess
410
00:20:05,700 --> 00:20:08,850
the largest olfactory
bulb of any shark species.
411
00:20:08,850 --> 00:20:11,520
This is likely the cause
of many exaggerated rumors
412
00:20:11,520 --> 00:20:13,713
regarding the great
white's sense of smell.
413
00:20:17,310 --> 00:20:19,200
Whilst their scent is incredible,
414
00:20:19,200 --> 00:20:21,810
sharks cannot smell a drop
of blood from a mile away
415
00:20:21,810 --> 00:20:23,310
as many have proclaimed.
416
00:20:23,310 --> 00:20:24,870
Scents travel to the great white
417
00:20:24,870 --> 00:20:28,110
as they do to any living
being, through particles,
418
00:20:28,110 --> 00:20:30,513
in this case carried by the ocean current.
419
00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:39,330
The great white shark is
a temperate seas animal,
420
00:20:39,330 --> 00:20:41,100
so it's really, really widespread.
421
00:20:41,100 --> 00:20:42,030
It can take anything,
422
00:20:42,030 --> 00:20:44,220
I believe from one
degree it's been clocked,
423
00:20:44,220 --> 00:20:45,060
going down to one degree,
424
00:20:45,060 --> 00:20:48,660
but normally five or six
degrees to about 25 degrees,
425
00:20:48,660 --> 00:20:51,570
which means a vast band
of the world's oceans.
426
00:20:51,570 --> 00:20:53,610
If you want to go and
see a great white shark,
427
00:20:53,610 --> 00:20:56,310
then South Africa was a good place
428
00:20:56,310 --> 00:20:58,590
until they went to war with orcas.
429
00:20:58,590 --> 00:21:00,300
South Australia's a good place.
430
00:21:00,300 --> 00:21:01,830
New Zealand's a good place.
431
00:21:01,830 --> 00:21:03,210
California's a good place.
432
00:21:03,210 --> 00:21:04,770
New England's a good place.
433
00:21:04,770 --> 00:21:06,480
Anywhere in that sort of temperate band
434
00:21:06,480 --> 00:21:07,767
of oceans around the world.
435
00:21:07,767 --> 00:21:11,580
And I would say to
anybody, don't be worried.
436
00:21:11,580 --> 00:21:13,560
You know, go and see a great white shark.
437
00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:16,530
It's gonna be an experience
that's gonna blow you away.
438
00:21:16,530 --> 00:21:19,080
I was working long time
ago on basking sharks
439
00:21:19,080 --> 00:21:20,700
with an American photographer,
440
00:21:20,700 --> 00:21:22,620
very famous one at the
time called Jeff Rotman.
441
00:21:22,620 --> 00:21:23,520
And Jeff said, "Richard,
442
00:21:23,520 --> 00:21:26,610
the first time you see a
white shark underwater,
443
00:21:26,610 --> 00:21:28,860
it blows your away, it's indescribable."
444
00:21:28,860 --> 00:21:31,050
About three years later I was in the water
445
00:21:31,050 --> 00:21:33,240
in a cage in South Africa
446
00:21:33,240 --> 00:21:35,430
and my first white shark swum up to me,
447
00:21:35,430 --> 00:21:37,110
right, right, right up to the cage,
448
00:21:37,110 --> 00:21:39,840
reasonable-sized animal,
probably about four meters.
449
00:21:39,840 --> 00:21:41,250
And Jeff was right.
450
00:21:41,250 --> 00:21:42,510
There aren't any words,
451
00:21:42,510 --> 00:21:45,810
there's absolutely nothing
to describe what you feel
452
00:21:45,810 --> 00:21:49,440
when that amazing creature
is just sort of, you know,
453
00:21:49,440 --> 00:21:51,390
just coming up to say hello.
454
00:21:51,390 --> 00:21:54,000
In those days, this is
a few years ago now,
455
00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:55,350
we weren't just in cages.
456
00:21:55,350 --> 00:21:57,000
I mean, you know, it was
a bit get the T-shirt,
457
00:21:57,000 --> 00:21:59,250
get the tattoo, go outside the cage,
458
00:21:59,250 --> 00:22:01,170
which was actually a
bit stupid and bonkers.
459
00:22:01,170 --> 00:22:03,420
We all decided to go free diving anyway.
460
00:22:03,420 --> 00:22:06,030
You're in a cage and this
thing comes up to you.
461
00:22:06,030 --> 00:22:08,940
In a way, the thing that worried me most,
462
00:22:08,940 --> 00:22:11,520
'cause I was leading a
team out there to do that,
463
00:22:11,520 --> 00:22:14,160
was the very fact that
it wasn't frightening.
464
00:22:14,160 --> 00:22:16,500
It was kind of spellbinding.
465
00:22:16,500 --> 00:22:17,520
It was extraordinary.
466
00:22:17,520 --> 00:22:18,960
It was an amazing experience
467
00:22:18,960 --> 00:22:22,020
and you almost wanted to reach
out, and some people did.
468
00:22:22,020 --> 00:22:23,160
And as the shark went by,
469
00:22:23,160 --> 00:22:24,810
you almost wanted to stroke it.
470
00:22:24,810 --> 00:22:26,400
Now, that may sound absolutely bonkers,
471
00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:28,560
but it's true and people were.
472
00:22:28,560 --> 00:22:30,930
And I could see from up on the deck
473
00:22:30,930 --> 00:22:32,400
the guys looking down,
474
00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:36,690
and one guy had his breather
taken out of his mouth
475
00:22:36,690 --> 00:22:37,523
because he had done that
476
00:22:37,523 --> 00:22:39,780
and they wanted him up there
to tell him off pretty quickly,
477
00:22:39,780 --> 00:22:41,130
'cause that is bonkers.
478
00:22:41,130 --> 00:22:43,200
You know, start sticking
bits of your body outside,
479
00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:44,940
you're asking for trouble.
480
00:22:44,940 --> 00:22:47,010
But you've got this incredible animal,
481
00:22:47,010 --> 00:22:49,680
you're inches away if you're lucky,
482
00:22:49,680 --> 00:22:52,440
and there's no feeling of aggression.
483
00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:54,060
There really is no feeling of threat.
484
00:22:54,060 --> 00:22:56,910
There's just a feeling of total awe.
485
00:22:56,910 --> 00:22:57,743
The great white shark
486
00:22:57,743 --> 00:23:00,270
is this sort of extraordinary
fighter aircraft
487
00:23:00,270 --> 00:23:01,950
swimming through the water at you,
488
00:23:01,950 --> 00:23:06,060
and the technical word
is it's spindle-shaped.
489
00:23:06,060 --> 00:23:08,973
It's actually a solid tube of muscle,
490
00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:13,890
held together, if you
like, by the cartilage.
491
00:23:13,890 --> 00:23:15,090
It's called cartilaginous,
492
00:23:15,090 --> 00:23:17,040
and that helps it with its speed.
493
00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:18,030
It makes it lighter.
494
00:23:18,030 --> 00:23:20,336
So it's not a bony structure,
495
00:23:20,336 --> 00:23:22,500
helps it keep afloat.
496
00:23:22,500 --> 00:23:23,460
On the shark's snout
497
00:23:23,460 --> 00:23:25,170
you will find electro-receptors
498
00:23:25,170 --> 00:23:27,780
known as ampullae of Lorenzini.
499
00:23:27,780 --> 00:23:29,460
Many consider this to be the source
500
00:23:29,460 --> 00:23:31,113
of a shark's sixth sense.
501
00:23:33,720 --> 00:23:35,130
By sensing electric fields
502
00:23:35,130 --> 00:23:37,680
emitted by animals in
the surrounding water,
503
00:23:37,680 --> 00:23:39,633
the shark can hone in on its prey.
504
00:23:40,500 --> 00:23:43,920
The great white can travel
up to 56 kilometers per hour.
505
00:23:43,920 --> 00:23:46,530
This speed is assisted by
their torpedo-like body
506
00:23:46,530 --> 00:23:47,943
and endothermic nature.
507
00:23:50,100 --> 00:23:51,923
Another amazing fact
about the white shark
508
00:23:51,923 --> 00:23:54,360
is that it's warm-blooded.
509
00:23:54,360 --> 00:23:57,300
We think of these animals
as being cold-blooded,
510
00:23:57,300 --> 00:24:00,180
but a great white shark
is quickly into action
511
00:24:00,180 --> 00:24:02,430
because it doesn't have
to warm its muscles up.
512
00:24:02,430 --> 00:24:05,700
So you've got this lovely
great big triangular dorsal fin
513
00:24:05,700 --> 00:24:07,170
and then you've got
the engine at the back,
514
00:24:07,170 --> 00:24:08,307
which is the tail fin doing that
515
00:24:08,307 --> 00:24:10,380
and that's sort of driving it forward,
516
00:24:10,380 --> 00:24:12,420
and then the two wings at the side.
517
00:24:12,420 --> 00:24:15,390
And when you see a shark
moving through the water,
518
00:24:15,390 --> 00:24:16,530
you're looking at something
519
00:24:16,530 --> 00:24:20,070
of incredible beauty and grace and power
520
00:24:20,070 --> 00:24:22,020
and incredible evolution,
521
00:24:22,020 --> 00:24:24,063
because it didn't get that by accident.
522
00:24:25,530 --> 00:24:27,030
Fish which
have the capability
523
00:24:27,030 --> 00:24:28,260
of warming their muscles,
524
00:24:28,260 --> 00:24:31,230
such as tuna and the shortfin mako shark,
525
00:24:31,230 --> 00:24:34,200
are often faster and can
sustain a high swim speed
526
00:24:34,200 --> 00:24:36,213
in order to migrate great distances.
527
00:24:38,880 --> 00:24:41,190
Cetaceans,
the dolphins, the whales,
528
00:24:41,190 --> 00:24:43,050
all that whole group of animals,
529
00:24:43,050 --> 00:24:46,200
they're relatively easy
for science to record
530
00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:48,420
in terms of numbers and things like that
531
00:24:48,420 --> 00:24:51,240
because they've got to pop up for air.
532
00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:52,073
Unfortunately, sharks,
533
00:24:52,073 --> 00:24:54,570
and one of the reasons they
got in such terrible trouble
534
00:24:54,570 --> 00:24:57,270
is it's a bit sort of out
of sight, out of mind.
535
00:24:57,270 --> 00:24:59,250
Sharks don't pop up for air.
536
00:24:59,250 --> 00:25:01,020
And so because they're not air-breathing,
537
00:25:01,020 --> 00:25:02,430
they're much, much more difficult
538
00:25:02,430 --> 00:25:04,173
to know how many there are.
539
00:25:05,310 --> 00:25:06,780
A shark's respiratory system
540
00:25:06,780 --> 00:25:09,750
works much like many other
of their marine relatives.
541
00:25:09,750 --> 00:25:11,190
As a shark swims,
542
00:25:11,190 --> 00:25:12,720
water passes through their mouth
543
00:25:12,720 --> 00:25:14,610
and is pushed through their gills.
544
00:25:14,610 --> 00:25:16,950
The gills filter the
oxygen out of the water
545
00:25:16,950 --> 00:25:18,603
and into the shark's bloodstream.
546
00:25:22,680 --> 00:25:25,620
Great whites do do a curious thing.
547
00:25:25,620 --> 00:25:28,170
Great whites do a thing called spyhopping,
548
00:25:28,170 --> 00:25:30,150
which is normally seen in whales
549
00:25:30,150 --> 00:25:34,470
and that's the poking the
head up to have a look around.
550
00:25:34,470 --> 00:25:35,303
And as far as I know,
551
00:25:35,303 --> 00:25:38,100
it's the only shark species that does it.
552
00:25:38,100 --> 00:25:40,500
I've been on shark boats many times
553
00:25:40,500 --> 00:25:42,660
when I worked in South
Africa as a volunteer
554
00:25:42,660 --> 00:25:44,790
and you'll suddenly see an animal,
555
00:25:44,790 --> 00:25:46,350
I call the great whites animals,
556
00:25:46,350 --> 00:25:48,750
you'll suddenly see the
shark pop up beside the boat
557
00:25:48,750 --> 00:25:50,013
and have a look around.
558
00:25:51,090 --> 00:25:54,660
Whether or not it's
responding to the stimulus
559
00:25:54,660 --> 00:25:58,020
of the chum in the water I don't know.
560
00:25:58,020 --> 00:26:01,110
I certainly think that's
making it more curious.
561
00:26:01,110 --> 00:26:05,010
But they are the only
shark species that spyhop,
562
00:26:05,010 --> 00:26:07,710
which is normally what whales do.
563
00:26:07,710 --> 00:26:10,620
When hunting, you really see
564
00:26:10,620 --> 00:26:14,580
the great white's sort of
physique coming to its own
565
00:26:14,580 --> 00:26:17,220
in terms of the speeds achievable.
566
00:26:17,220 --> 00:26:19,830
So you imagine a surfer, or not a surfer,
567
00:26:19,830 --> 00:26:22,110
a seal on the surface of the water.
568
00:26:22,110 --> 00:26:23,190
So the shark's down there.
569
00:26:23,190 --> 00:26:25,170
Now, great white sharks are capable
570
00:26:25,170 --> 00:26:26,490
of breaching completely.
571
00:26:26,490 --> 00:26:29,940
That means the whole body
length out of the water.
572
00:26:29,940 --> 00:26:32,130
So you've got this animal down
there and it's swimming along
573
00:26:32,130 --> 00:26:33,570
and it sees something up there.
574
00:26:33,570 --> 00:26:36,630
And to get its whole
body out of the water,
575
00:26:36,630 --> 00:26:40,890
it's gonna have to achieve a
speed of over 30 miles an hour.
576
00:26:40,890 --> 00:26:43,470
So it's gonna charge up
to the surface, whack,
577
00:26:43,470 --> 00:26:46,263
and come outta the water
at over 30 miles an hour.
578
00:27:00,300 --> 00:27:03,900
The normal sort of cruising
speed is very, very slow.
579
00:27:03,900 --> 00:27:06,420
You'll see them just
literally cruising along
580
00:27:06,420 --> 00:27:09,060
at one, two miles an hour, I would guess.
581
00:27:09,060 --> 00:27:12,030
A sort of normal perhaps hunting speed,
582
00:27:12,030 --> 00:27:13,590
well, maybe about 20 miles an hour
583
00:27:13,590 --> 00:27:15,510
when it's actually going for something.
584
00:27:15,510 --> 00:27:16,740
But when it's breaching
585
00:27:16,740 --> 00:27:18,750
or when it's charging at
something from underneath,
586
00:27:18,750 --> 00:27:22,560
that's what's been recorded,
over 30 miles an hour.
587
00:27:22,560 --> 00:27:25,110
And when you consider the
size of a great white,
588
00:27:25,110 --> 00:27:26,280
this is an animal that gets up
589
00:27:26,280 --> 00:27:28,050
to over five meters in length,
590
00:27:28,050 --> 00:27:30,000
recorded up to six meters in length,
591
00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:31,980
to get that body out of the water,
592
00:27:31,980 --> 00:27:33,080
that's a lot of power.
593
00:27:39,630 --> 00:27:40,530
From Latin,
594
00:27:40,530 --> 00:27:43,740
the great white's name is
translated to ragged tooth,
595
00:27:43,740 --> 00:27:45,660
a fitting name given
that this shark's teeth
596
00:27:45,660 --> 00:27:47,460
has always been a significant trait.
597
00:27:51,180 --> 00:27:55,020
So behind that tooth is
another tooth and another tooth,
598
00:27:55,020 --> 00:27:56,190
and it's like a production line.
599
00:27:56,190 --> 00:27:57,630
And a white shark has probably got
600
00:27:57,630 --> 00:28:00,600
I think about 300 teeth in its mouth
601
00:28:00,600 --> 00:28:02,820
in operation at any one time.
602
00:28:02,820 --> 00:28:06,420
50,000, I believe, teeth
likely in a lifetime.
603
00:28:06,420 --> 00:28:09,630
Now, of course, that depends
how long a lifetime is,
604
00:28:09,630 --> 00:28:12,030
but I guess that when they
arrive at a figure like that
605
00:28:12,030 --> 00:28:13,890
they're probably talking
about an average animal,
606
00:28:13,890 --> 00:28:16,320
maybe 40, 45 years or something like that.
607
00:28:16,320 --> 00:28:17,610
One of the reasons there are so many
608
00:28:17,610 --> 00:28:20,370
great white shark teeth
found on the seabed
609
00:28:20,370 --> 00:28:21,420
and there are so many fossils
610
00:28:21,420 --> 00:28:23,310
is because they're shedding
them the whole time,
611
00:28:23,310 --> 00:28:24,330
and that actually does apply
612
00:28:24,330 --> 00:28:26,790
to most predatory shark species.
613
00:28:26,790 --> 00:28:28,650
When a shark's going for its prey,
614
00:28:28,650 --> 00:28:30,210
so you've got the upper jaw if you like
615
00:28:30,210 --> 00:28:32,370
and then a lower jaw sitting
at that sort of thing.
616
00:28:32,370 --> 00:28:34,680
So that doesn't really work, does it,
617
00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:36,210
in terms of closing your mouth.
618
00:28:36,210 --> 00:28:39,600
So what's got to happen is the
lower jaw dislocates slightly
619
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:42,090
and comes into line and then it works.
620
00:28:42,090 --> 00:28:43,410
So they can do that,
621
00:28:43,410 --> 00:28:47,100
they can kind of unhinge
their jaw as they're going in
622
00:28:47,100 --> 00:28:49,090
to attack their prey species
623
00:28:50,850 --> 00:28:51,683
By eating fish,
624
00:28:51,683 --> 00:28:54,840
they play a vital role in
benefiting marine ecosystems,
625
00:28:54,840 --> 00:28:56,643
creating balance in the food chain.
626
00:28:59,130 --> 00:29:01,353
One of the reasons that sharks are,
627
00:29:02,340 --> 00:29:04,770
great white sharks in
particular, I suppose,
628
00:29:04,770 --> 00:29:09,120
interact so unfortunately with
humans as often as they do,
629
00:29:09,120 --> 00:29:10,260
which isn't really very often,
630
00:29:10,260 --> 00:29:12,600
is because they often mistake humans
631
00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:14,790
for what they really want to eat.
632
00:29:14,790 --> 00:29:17,700
And what they really
want to eat are seals.
633
00:29:17,700 --> 00:29:20,370
That would be the number
one item on the menu.
634
00:29:20,370 --> 00:29:23,520
And that's why you find
white sharks in South Africa
635
00:29:23,520 --> 00:29:25,290
where there are seal colonies,
636
00:29:25,290 --> 00:29:28,230
in California where
there are seal colonies,
637
00:29:28,230 --> 00:29:30,570
in Australia where
there are seal colonies.
638
00:29:30,570 --> 00:29:34,230
One of the fascinating
facts for Britain actually
639
00:29:34,230 --> 00:29:36,960
is that we've got a pretty
massive seal population
640
00:29:36,960 --> 00:29:38,310
going up the west side of Britain
641
00:29:38,310 --> 00:29:41,370
and particularly right off
the northwest of Scotland.
642
00:29:41,370 --> 00:29:42,480
Huge seal population,
643
00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:44,280
but we don't seem to
have any white sharks.
644
00:29:44,280 --> 00:29:48,030
But seals would be number one menu item.
645
00:29:48,030 --> 00:29:49,830
And then anything, you know,
646
00:29:49,830 --> 00:29:52,290
smaller fish, smaller sharks.
647
00:29:52,290 --> 00:29:54,510
One of the things that's
happening to white sharks
648
00:29:54,510 --> 00:29:56,460
is that their prey list is going down
649
00:29:56,460 --> 00:29:58,680
because it's being
overfished the whole time.
650
00:29:58,680 --> 00:30:00,540
So the smaller shark species are not there
651
00:30:00,540 --> 00:30:02,640
in the abundance they once were.
652
00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:05,400
If a shark is going to mistake
653
00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:09,240
a human on a surfboard for a seal,
654
00:30:09,240 --> 00:30:11,370
then, you know, it knows very quickly
655
00:30:11,370 --> 00:30:12,990
that it's made a mistake.
656
00:30:12,990 --> 00:30:14,100
So you've got this animal
657
00:30:14,100 --> 00:30:16,260
rushing up from underneath and bam,
658
00:30:16,260 --> 00:30:18,210
'cause it's got no hands
or feet to feel you with,
659
00:30:18,210 --> 00:30:20,130
so it got to use its mouth.
660
00:30:20,130 --> 00:30:23,040
So it uses its mouth, it
makes an exploratory bite.
661
00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:24,210
Now, if it's a great white shark,
662
00:30:24,210 --> 00:30:27,570
an exploratory bite is likely
to be quite a horrific affair.
663
00:30:27,570 --> 00:30:29,310
But nevertheless, as soon as it realizes
664
00:30:29,310 --> 00:30:31,110
that it's got a mouthful of yuck,
665
00:30:31,110 --> 00:30:36,110
you know, it's got sinew and
bone and surfboard and wetsuit.
666
00:30:36,240 --> 00:30:37,200
That's not attractive
667
00:30:37,200 --> 00:30:39,840
when it thought it was
getting a lovely juicy seal.
668
00:30:39,840 --> 00:30:42,750
So, exploratory bite, lets you go,
669
00:30:42,750 --> 00:30:44,970
and then hopefully you
get treated very quickly
670
00:30:44,970 --> 00:30:46,170
and you survive.
671
00:30:46,170 --> 00:30:48,630
Without hands
and with the possibility
672
00:30:48,630 --> 00:30:51,390
of their vision being
blocked by ocean sediment,
673
00:30:51,390 --> 00:30:54,480
a shark uses its next
best thing in its arsenal
674
00:30:54,480 --> 00:30:57,240
to investigate potential food sources:
675
00:30:57,240 --> 00:30:58,203
its mouth.
676
00:31:02,910 --> 00:31:06,420
Many misinterpret a shark
bite to be malicious.
677
00:31:06,420 --> 00:31:08,250
Rather, the shark is trying to understand
678
00:31:08,250 --> 00:31:10,250
what is present in the surrounding area.
679
00:31:12,630 --> 00:31:14,220
Some sharks may be docile,
680
00:31:14,220 --> 00:31:17,250
having little to no interest
in its surroundings.
681
00:31:17,250 --> 00:31:20,190
Some, however, are more
active and unpredictable,
682
00:31:20,190 --> 00:31:22,353
a natural mood for a hungry fish.
683
00:31:24,150 --> 00:31:26,340
Great whites are probably separated
684
00:31:26,340 --> 00:31:30,063
from all the other sharks
by their reputation,
685
00:31:31,050 --> 00:31:33,630
and that's kind of unfair, really.
686
00:31:33,630 --> 00:31:37,350
Because we've got say 15
to 20 dangerous sharks
687
00:31:37,350 --> 00:31:38,820
out of 500 and something.
688
00:31:38,820 --> 00:31:40,826
When I say dangerous, these are sharks
689
00:31:40,826 --> 00:31:44,160
that have been recorded
having interactions with man
690
00:31:44,160 --> 00:31:45,990
classified as attacks.
691
00:31:45,990 --> 00:31:48,510
So the white shark is top of the tree,
692
00:31:48,510 --> 00:31:50,070
but I'm not sure that's fair
693
00:31:50,070 --> 00:31:52,980
because it's highly
likely that the bull shark
694
00:31:52,980 --> 00:31:56,190
may be responsible for more
attacks than the white shark.
695
00:31:56,190 --> 00:31:57,720
An awful lot of this happens
696
00:31:57,720 --> 00:32:00,570
because in some water situations,
697
00:32:00,570 --> 00:32:02,340
in estuaries for example,
698
00:32:02,340 --> 00:32:05,370
the bull shark can take
freshwater and saltwater,
699
00:32:05,370 --> 00:32:07,500
so the bull shark can go up estuaries.
700
00:32:07,500 --> 00:32:09,619
Now, in relatively primitive places,
701
00:32:09,619 --> 00:32:10,452
particularly in the third world,
702
00:32:10,452 --> 00:32:13,200
if they're washing,
swimming, bathing, et cetera
703
00:32:13,200 --> 00:32:15,120
in muddy water and estuaries
704
00:32:15,120 --> 00:32:17,250
and a bull shark comes and takes them,
705
00:32:17,250 --> 00:32:19,710
you don't stop and identify the shark.
706
00:32:19,710 --> 00:32:21,805
You know you just get
bitten and then worry.
707
00:32:21,805 --> 00:32:23,640
So an awful lot of attacks
708
00:32:23,640 --> 00:32:25,470
I suspect that may have been attributed
709
00:32:25,470 --> 00:32:27,490
to white sharks in the past
710
00:32:28,410 --> 00:32:30,753
were actually likely to be bull sharks.
711
00:32:34,380 --> 00:32:36,570
One of the things I hate
answering when I'm lecturing,
712
00:32:36,570 --> 00:32:38,610
especially young children,
713
00:32:38,610 --> 00:32:41,520
is what's the difference between
a male and a female shark.
714
00:32:41,520 --> 00:32:43,740
And I know the children when
they're asking this question
715
00:32:43,740 --> 00:32:44,850
when they already know the answer
716
00:32:44,850 --> 00:32:46,050
when they ask the question.
717
00:32:46,050 --> 00:32:47,400
Because what they're asking about
718
00:32:47,400 --> 00:32:50,190
is why do male sharks have two willies?
719
00:32:50,190 --> 00:32:51,840
And that can be really embarrassing
720
00:32:51,840 --> 00:32:53,760
if you are the person giving the lecture
721
00:32:53,760 --> 00:32:55,440
and you've got 200 children out there
722
00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:58,020
having been primed this question.
723
00:32:58,020 --> 00:33:01,500
But males reproduce, and
they're called claspers.
724
00:33:01,500 --> 00:33:03,480
So males have two claspers.
725
00:33:03,480 --> 00:33:05,430
They get calcified.
726
00:33:05,430 --> 00:33:06,810
I don't quite know why they have two,
727
00:33:06,810 --> 00:33:09,240
I don't think the science
actually knows that yet.
728
00:33:09,240 --> 00:33:11,880
So from a reproduction point of view,
729
00:33:11,880 --> 00:33:14,340
it's a very mammalian almost situation.
730
00:33:14,340 --> 00:33:17,130
You have a clasper
inserted into the female.
731
00:33:17,130 --> 00:33:19,980
When reproduction's going on,
732
00:33:19,980 --> 00:33:22,500
the male will grab the female.
733
00:33:22,500 --> 00:33:24,420
It's pretty brutal sometimes,
734
00:33:24,420 --> 00:33:25,253
because if you think about it,
735
00:33:25,253 --> 00:33:26,760
they can't hold, they can't embrace.
736
00:33:26,760 --> 00:33:29,130
I mean, it's a mouth that grabs a female.
737
00:33:29,130 --> 00:33:33,120
I've seen blue sharks with
horrific scarring down their back
738
00:33:33,120 --> 00:33:34,740
where a male's grabbed a female
739
00:33:34,740 --> 00:33:36,570
and then sort of twisted around her
740
00:33:36,570 --> 00:33:38,163
and so on and so forth.
741
00:33:45,870 --> 00:33:47,160
It is an uncomfortable fact
742
00:33:47,160 --> 00:33:49,923
that our oceans are now faced
with three huge threats:
743
00:33:50,820 --> 00:33:53,883
overfishing, pollution,
and climate change,
744
00:33:55,410 --> 00:33:57,633
and nature is facing a breaking point.
745
00:34:00,330 --> 00:34:02,910
Thanks to the food and oxygen it provides,
746
00:34:02,910 --> 00:34:05,703
the seas are integral to
the survival of humanity,
747
00:34:06,720 --> 00:34:08,193
but it must be maintained.
748
00:34:11,310 --> 00:34:13,410
Humans have mismanaged the waters,
749
00:34:13,410 --> 00:34:14,880
pollution has increased,
750
00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:17,190
and by 2050 it is estimated
751
00:34:17,190 --> 00:34:19,863
there will be more plastic
in the ocean than fish.
752
00:34:22,950 --> 00:34:26,700
It would be difficult to overstate
753
00:34:26,700 --> 00:34:29,313
the degree to which the
oceans are in trouble.
754
00:34:30,690 --> 00:34:33,690
And if we look at sharks,
they are apex predators,
755
00:34:33,690 --> 00:34:35,970
so they're the top of the food chain,
756
00:34:35,970 --> 00:34:39,090
and when you remove a link in
a chain, the chain collapses.
757
00:34:39,090 --> 00:34:41,850
So sharks play a hugely important part
758
00:34:41,850 --> 00:34:44,280
in keeping our oceans healthy.
759
00:34:44,280 --> 00:34:46,230
And if we want to continue to exist
760
00:34:46,230 --> 00:34:47,820
on this planet as humans,
761
00:34:47,820 --> 00:34:52,110
we need healthy oceans for our
continued healthy existence.
762
00:34:52,110 --> 00:34:53,460
It's not the only answer,
763
00:34:53,460 --> 00:34:57,360
but we need sharks in those
oceans to keep them healthy.
764
00:34:57,360 --> 00:34:59,430
For years and years
and years now, decades,
765
00:34:59,430 --> 00:35:01,110
sharks have been overfished,
766
00:35:01,110 --> 00:35:03,840
over-persecuted, over-harvested,
767
00:35:03,840 --> 00:35:08,460
often way past a point that
their populations can sustain.
768
00:35:08,460 --> 00:35:11,700
And because sharks reproduce so slowly,
769
00:35:11,700 --> 00:35:13,200
they haven't been able to keep up
770
00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:15,780
with the pressure that's
being put on them.
771
00:35:15,780 --> 00:35:18,750
One good thing that has started
to happen in recent years
772
00:35:18,750 --> 00:35:21,180
I think is that the
publics all over the world
773
00:35:21,180 --> 00:35:24,060
have started to appreciate sharks
774
00:35:24,060 --> 00:35:27,660
not just as sort of
dread machines of attack,
775
00:35:27,660 --> 00:35:29,970
but as the beautiful creatures they are.
776
00:35:29,970 --> 00:35:31,890
There's been a lot of
pressure on governments
777
00:35:31,890 --> 00:35:34,110
here in Europe and in the United States
778
00:35:34,110 --> 00:35:37,380
to put legislation in place
779
00:35:37,380 --> 00:35:39,480
to protect shark populations
780
00:35:39,480 --> 00:35:41,130
and protect the oceans in general.
781
00:35:41,130 --> 00:35:44,700
So I'm hopeful as we go forward now
782
00:35:44,700 --> 00:35:46,770
that sharks do have a future.
783
00:35:46,770 --> 00:35:50,853
If you'd asked me that
question 15, 20 years ago,
784
00:35:52,830 --> 00:35:54,600
I'd have been a lot less sure.
785
00:35:54,600 --> 00:35:57,000
But we've now got a policy
in Europe, for example,
786
00:35:57,000 --> 00:35:59,700
called FNA, fins naturally attached.
787
00:35:59,700 --> 00:36:01,530
Sharks may be landed,
788
00:36:01,530 --> 00:36:03,210
unless they're a protected species.
789
00:36:03,210 --> 00:36:04,110
They may be landed
790
00:36:04,110 --> 00:36:06,570
and the fin must be attached to the shark.
791
00:36:06,570 --> 00:36:09,360
So there's no more slicing
off of fins at sea,
792
00:36:09,360 --> 00:36:13,680
dumping the body, and just
taking all the fins in.
793
00:36:13,680 --> 00:36:14,700
And that used to happen
794
00:36:14,700 --> 00:36:16,890
because the fins were the valuable bit.
795
00:36:16,890 --> 00:36:19,050
Very similar to taking a domestic animal,
796
00:36:19,050 --> 00:36:20,760
let's say a dog or a cat,
797
00:36:20,760 --> 00:36:22,830
chopping its feet off and
leaving it on the pavement.
798
00:36:22,830 --> 00:36:25,950
All that is now being stopped.
799
00:36:25,950 --> 00:36:28,170
Hasn't totally been stopped,
but it is being stopped.
800
00:36:28,170 --> 00:36:31,020
So we've grown up, we've
done all that, that's good.
801
00:36:31,020 --> 00:36:35,100
In China, which used to consume 90%,
802
00:36:35,100 --> 00:36:38,460
no, I believe 95% of the world shark fins,
803
00:36:38,460 --> 00:36:41,640
China is now consuming a lot less.
804
00:36:41,640 --> 00:36:44,160
The Chinese government
has stopped shark fin soup
805
00:36:44,160 --> 00:36:46,770
being served at official
banquets and things like that.
806
00:36:46,770 --> 00:36:49,500
Young people in China, due
to the power of the internet,
807
00:36:49,500 --> 00:36:50,910
they don't want their parents
808
00:36:50,910 --> 00:36:53,760
to buy them shark fin
soup at their weddings.
809
00:36:53,760 --> 00:36:56,103
So there is hope, there have to be hope.
810
00:36:58,920 --> 00:37:00,960
Disrupting
the flow of the ecosystem
811
00:37:00,960 --> 00:37:02,763
disrupts the planet's progress.
812
00:37:06,210 --> 00:37:08,040
The ocean waters would become warmer,
813
00:37:08,040 --> 00:37:10,113
more acidic, and hold less oxygen.
814
00:37:12,840 --> 00:37:14,370
The sea levels would change,
815
00:37:14,370 --> 00:37:17,250
altering the landscape of
coastlines around the globe.
816
00:37:17,250 --> 00:37:19,230
Eventually any creature
which would be left
817
00:37:19,230 --> 00:37:21,840
would not be of use to
us, such as jellyfish,
818
00:37:21,840 --> 00:37:24,440
which would become far more
prominent in the waters.
819
00:37:29,790 --> 00:37:30,750
Many of the problems
820
00:37:30,750 --> 00:37:32,640
which threaten the longevity of the ocean
821
00:37:32,640 --> 00:37:35,730
are far bigger than the
choices of an individual.
822
00:37:35,730 --> 00:37:37,770
There must be large-scale
collective change
823
00:37:37,770 --> 00:37:40,440
in the way the seas and
habitats are maintained.
824
00:37:40,440 --> 00:37:42,480
Such devotion requires the involvement
825
00:37:42,480 --> 00:37:43,983
of governments and businesses.
826
00:37:57,420 --> 00:38:00,990
For me, one of the big
challenges is dispelling the myth.
827
00:38:00,990 --> 00:38:03,660
So here we've got this group of animals
828
00:38:03,660 --> 00:38:08,660
which really are suffering
from an undeserved reputation.
829
00:38:09,840 --> 00:38:11,610
Very few shark attacks
830
00:38:11,610 --> 00:38:14,460
and yet they've got this
dreadful label on them.
831
00:38:14,460 --> 00:38:15,510
And I can't get rid of it,
832
00:38:15,510 --> 00:38:18,030
and all the campaigners like
me, we can't get rid of it.
833
00:38:18,030 --> 00:38:19,424
So why?
834
00:38:19,424 --> 00:38:21,570
It's really interesting to speculate why.
835
00:38:21,570 --> 00:38:24,990
If you go back into ancient
Roman and Greek mythology
836
00:38:24,990 --> 00:38:29,370
and you see naval battles depicted at sea,
837
00:38:29,370 --> 00:38:31,320
you'll see guys being shot off ships
838
00:38:31,320 --> 00:38:33,600
with bows and arrows and
spears and stuff like that
839
00:38:33,600 --> 00:38:36,330
and very often you'll see
sharks depicted in the water
840
00:38:36,330 --> 00:38:38,190
waiting for them to fall overboard.
841
00:38:38,190 --> 00:38:41,490
So right back in Greek and Roman times,
842
00:38:41,490 --> 00:38:45,570
these animals were being
demonized in this way.
843
00:38:45,570 --> 00:38:48,360
I often wonder whether Jonah and the whale
844
00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:50,820
shouldn't actually be
Jonah and the white shark,
845
00:38:50,820 --> 00:38:52,320
the great white shark,
846
00:38:52,320 --> 00:38:54,630
'cause very few whales
will take a human in.
847
00:38:54,630 --> 00:38:57,210
Very few whales have actually
got the structure to do that,
848
00:38:57,210 --> 00:38:59,730
but a six-meter great white
shark certainly could do that.
849
00:38:59,730 --> 00:39:01,560
Perhaps one of the most famous incidents
850
00:39:01,560 --> 00:39:05,490
was a ship called the SS Indianapolis.
851
00:39:05,490 --> 00:39:07,680
And the Indianapolis was an American ship
852
00:39:07,680 --> 00:39:10,800
which went to an island off Japan
853
00:39:10,800 --> 00:39:12,480
at the end of the Second World War,
854
00:39:12,480 --> 00:39:15,810
and they delivered the atomic bombs
855
00:39:15,810 --> 00:39:17,160
that were then put on airplanes
856
00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:19,830
and taken and dropped on Japan.
857
00:39:19,830 --> 00:39:21,000
And the Indianapolis,
858
00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:23,193
having delivered the bombs, got torpedoed.
859
00:39:25,195 --> 00:39:28,860
13, 1,400 men went into the water,
860
00:39:28,860 --> 00:39:30,360
and they stayed in the water
861
00:39:30,360 --> 00:39:31,830
for three or four days or something
862
00:39:31,830 --> 00:39:34,260
before survivors were picked up,
863
00:39:34,260 --> 00:39:37,320
and only 3 or 400, something
like that, came out.
864
00:39:37,320 --> 00:39:41,130
The rest either died of exposure
or injuries or something
865
00:39:41,130 --> 00:39:43,170
or were taken by sharks,
866
00:39:43,170 --> 00:39:46,890
and that was famously
described in the film "Jaws."
867
00:39:46,890 --> 00:39:49,440
But the SS Indianapolis incident
868
00:39:49,440 --> 00:39:51,690
cemented the great white shark
869
00:39:51,690 --> 00:39:54,000
as a sort of hate figure,
870
00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:56,370
fear figure at the end
of the Second World War
871
00:39:56,370 --> 00:40:00,457
and it was very, very widely publicized.
872
00:40:00,457 --> 00:40:02,730
"Jaws," of course, didn't really help.
873
00:40:02,730 --> 00:40:04,170
But I think the main thing is
874
00:40:04,170 --> 00:40:08,910
that we've got this deep-seated
fear of the unknown.
875
00:40:08,910 --> 00:40:11,670
So why are we more frightened of sharks,
876
00:40:11,670 --> 00:40:13,170
for example, than lions?
877
00:40:13,170 --> 00:40:14,673
It's completely illogical.
878
00:40:15,660 --> 00:40:17,943
You've got probably far
more chance with a shark
879
00:40:17,943 --> 00:40:18,780
than with a lion.
880
00:40:18,780 --> 00:40:19,613
I'll tell you why,
881
00:40:19,613 --> 00:40:22,920
it's because it hits the fear buttons,
882
00:40:22,920 --> 00:40:27,570
the fear of the unknown, the
fear of being eaten alive,
883
00:40:27,570 --> 00:40:30,480
the fear of being out of your own element.
884
00:40:30,480 --> 00:40:33,030
And if you think about the film "Jaws"
885
00:40:33,030 --> 00:40:35,070
and that incredible opening scene,
886
00:40:35,070 --> 00:40:35,940
which is so clever
887
00:40:35,940 --> 00:40:38,880
with the girl swimming and being attacked,
888
00:40:38,880 --> 00:40:41,703
all three human fear buttons are hit.
889
00:40:42,660 --> 00:40:43,890
So it's the unknown.
890
00:40:43,890 --> 00:40:45,390
The camera comes up through the water
891
00:40:45,390 --> 00:40:47,280
and the shark takes the girl.
892
00:40:47,280 --> 00:40:48,480
So she's being attacked
893
00:40:48,480 --> 00:40:53,190
by this hidden monster from
the unknown, from underneath.
894
00:40:53,190 --> 00:40:54,480
She's then going to be eaten.
895
00:40:54,480 --> 00:40:56,670
So that's the second fear button.
896
00:40:56,670 --> 00:40:58,950
And of course, she's
in the shark's element,
897
00:40:58,950 --> 00:40:59,820
not her own element.
898
00:40:59,820 --> 00:41:01,200
She's in the water.
899
00:41:01,200 --> 00:41:03,450
So I don't if Benchley
knew what he was doing
900
00:41:03,450 --> 00:41:04,283
when he wrote that
901
00:41:04,283 --> 00:41:05,610
or whether Spielberg
knew what he was doing
902
00:41:05,610 --> 00:41:06,960
when he constructed the scene,
903
00:41:06,960 --> 00:41:08,880
but he hit all three human fear buttons,
904
00:41:08,880 --> 00:41:11,130
and humans from that point in the theater
905
00:41:11,130 --> 00:41:13,800
were absolutely captivated by that.
906
00:41:13,800 --> 00:41:16,500
And that, in general
terms, is it, I think.
907
00:41:16,500 --> 00:41:17,640
It hits the fear buttons.
908
00:41:17,640 --> 00:41:19,410
And the other thing is we must remember
909
00:41:19,410 --> 00:41:21,093
we love our monsters.
910
00:41:22,080 --> 00:41:25,560
Go to any fairground you'd like
911
00:41:25,560 --> 00:41:27,360
in Britain or the United
States or anywhere
912
00:41:27,360 --> 00:41:30,810
and we've got the house of
horrors, the wall of death,
913
00:41:30,810 --> 00:41:32,550
the this, the that, the other.
914
00:41:32,550 --> 00:41:35,700
Do you ever see a house of lovely things?
915
00:41:35,700 --> 00:41:37,743
Do you ever see wall of survival?
916
00:41:39,390 --> 00:41:41,070
No, no, no, it's gotta be horror,
917
00:41:41,070 --> 00:41:42,480
it's gotta be this, that, and the other.
918
00:41:42,480 --> 00:41:45,000
The shark hits all those buttons as well.
919
00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:47,070
So the poor old shark, really,
920
00:41:47,070 --> 00:41:48,900
I can struggle as hard as I can,
921
00:41:48,900 --> 00:41:50,640
and we all try and do, the people like me,
922
00:41:50,640 --> 00:41:53,850
but it's got an awfully
big uphill struggle
923
00:41:53,850 --> 00:41:56,190
'cause it's got to get rid of history
924
00:41:56,190 --> 00:41:58,743
and get rid of sort of really primal fear.
925
00:42:01,500 --> 00:42:03,510
Sharks are not
the bloodthirsty predators
926
00:42:03,510 --> 00:42:05,810
we have been led to
believe for so many years.
927
00:42:07,410 --> 00:42:09,693
They are an intelligent, curious species.
928
00:42:14,040 --> 00:42:15,300
While shark attacks average
929
00:42:15,300 --> 00:42:17,853
around 70 per year over
the past two decades,
930
00:42:18,780 --> 00:42:19,920
it is important to note
931
00:42:19,920 --> 00:42:22,113
that very few of these attacks are fatal.
932
00:42:23,100 --> 00:42:26,310
In 2022, there were 11
deaths caused by fireworks
933
00:42:26,310 --> 00:42:28,653
compared to only five by shark attacks.
934
00:42:30,210 --> 00:42:33,150
Other animals such as
mosquitoes, dogs, and even cows
935
00:42:33,150 --> 00:42:34,600
are more dangerous to humans.
936
00:42:39,531 --> 00:42:42,060
If you live in a country
where there are lots of cows,
937
00:42:42,060 --> 00:42:43,860
and this is a slightly unfair statistic
938
00:42:43,860 --> 00:42:46,320
'cause, you know, if you
live in a rural situation,
939
00:42:46,320 --> 00:42:48,090
you're not gonna be
gonna the ocean anyway,
940
00:42:48,090 --> 00:42:49,770
but there will be more deaths
941
00:42:49,770 --> 00:42:52,890
as a result of accidents
with cows than with sharks.
942
00:42:52,890 --> 00:42:54,840
I feel very sorry for sharks,
943
00:42:54,840 --> 00:42:58,170
'cause they've got so
much more to fear from us
944
00:42:58,170 --> 00:42:59,733
than we have from them.
945
00:43:01,110 --> 00:43:03,690
I wanna put the whole shark attack thing
946
00:43:03,690 --> 00:43:05,550
in a little bit of context.
947
00:43:05,550 --> 00:43:08,130
We've got over 500 species of sharks
948
00:43:08,130 --> 00:43:09,780
and we're still discovering more.
949
00:43:09,780 --> 00:43:13,470
Less than 20 have been
recorded attacking man.
950
00:43:13,470 --> 00:43:15,000
So it's a tiny proportion.
951
00:43:15,000 --> 00:43:17,850
So out of the tiny
proportion that attack man,
952
00:43:17,850 --> 00:43:20,910
if you're being approached
by a shark in the water,
953
00:43:20,910 --> 00:43:22,020
there are some things you do,
954
00:43:22,020 --> 00:43:23,160
but there are basically things
955
00:43:23,160 --> 00:43:25,323
I would say more that you don't do.
956
00:43:26,280 --> 00:43:28,140
Women would be stupid to go in the water
957
00:43:28,140 --> 00:43:29,760
if they were menstruating.
958
00:43:29,760 --> 00:43:30,990
You don't pee in the water.
959
00:43:30,990 --> 00:43:32,370
Urine's just as exciting,
960
00:43:32,370 --> 00:43:35,430
gives up just as much of a smell
as blood or something else.
961
00:43:35,430 --> 00:43:36,960
So you avoid all that.
962
00:43:36,960 --> 00:43:39,900
Avoid shiny, flashy, silver objects,
963
00:43:39,900 --> 00:43:40,860
'cause these sorts of things
964
00:43:40,860 --> 00:43:42,810
can not only attract
the shark's attention,
965
00:43:42,810 --> 00:43:44,460
but might look like a fish.
966
00:43:44,460 --> 00:43:47,400
If you're a surfer, don't go surfing
967
00:43:47,400 --> 00:43:50,070
where you know there are
white sharks on patrol
968
00:43:50,070 --> 00:43:51,540
because there is a possibility
969
00:43:51,540 --> 00:43:53,640
you'll be mistaken for a seal.
970
00:43:53,640 --> 00:43:55,770
So it's kind of common sense, really.
971
00:43:55,770 --> 00:43:58,380
Make yourself as large as possible,
972
00:43:58,380 --> 00:44:00,330
and that's true of any predator.
973
00:44:00,330 --> 00:44:03,090
Most predators are ambush
or chase predators,
974
00:44:03,090 --> 00:44:04,500
and a shark is no different.
975
00:44:04,500 --> 00:44:07,050
On the occasions where I've
felt slightly threatened,
976
00:44:07,050 --> 00:44:09,780
I've always made myself
as big as possible,
977
00:44:09,780 --> 00:44:11,220
spread arms, spread legs,
978
00:44:11,220 --> 00:44:13,290
big camera in my hand
sometimes, et cetera,
979
00:44:13,290 --> 00:44:16,770
to make myself a bigger animal than I am.
980
00:44:16,770 --> 00:44:18,660
A way of avoiding an attack by something
981
00:44:18,660 --> 00:44:20,820
that really maybe thought you were
982
00:44:20,820 --> 00:44:23,010
a threat to a food source, for example,
983
00:44:23,010 --> 00:44:24,810
would be to do exactly the opposite.
984
00:44:24,810 --> 00:44:26,070
I'm no threat.
985
00:44:26,070 --> 00:44:27,090
So do that.
986
00:44:27,090 --> 00:44:29,700
There are various techniques
and you learn them, basically.
987
00:44:29,700 --> 00:44:32,250
Most divers should actually
learn about this sort of thing,
988
00:44:32,250 --> 00:44:35,673
and surfers certainly should
learn about this sort of thing.
989
00:44:37,860 --> 00:44:38,760
The vast majority
990
00:44:38,760 --> 00:44:40,653
of shark attack victims survive.
991
00:44:41,820 --> 00:44:44,340
Most fatalities result from blood loss,
992
00:44:44,340 --> 00:44:47,490
indicating that sharks do
not persist in attacking.
993
00:44:47,490 --> 00:44:50,550
They usually bite once and
then realize their mistake,
994
00:44:50,550 --> 00:44:52,773
as they have no interest in eating humans.
995
00:44:53,970 --> 00:44:57,240
Perhaps the most
famous great white shark
996
00:44:57,240 --> 00:44:59,400
is an animal called Nicole,
997
00:44:59,400 --> 00:45:01,203
named after Nicole Kidman,
998
00:45:02,130 --> 00:45:06,360
who had a real sort of passion
for great white sharks.
999
00:45:06,360 --> 00:45:11,220
And Nicole was tagged off South
Africa with a satellite tag,
1000
00:45:11,220 --> 00:45:13,380
and a satellite tag then transmits data
1001
00:45:13,380 --> 00:45:15,960
up to a satellite and
eventually the data comes down
1002
00:45:15,960 --> 00:45:17,550
and you can see where the animal's gone.
1003
00:45:17,550 --> 00:45:20,010
And satellite tags were set to pop off
1004
00:45:20,010 --> 00:45:21,990
after a certain period of time.
1005
00:45:21,990 --> 00:45:24,480
So Nicole was tagged in South Africa
1006
00:45:24,480 --> 00:45:28,890
and then the tag popped off an ocean away
1007
00:45:28,890 --> 00:45:32,340
in western Australia 90-odd days later.
1008
00:45:32,340 --> 00:45:35,610
So she had made a whole-ocean crossing.
1009
00:45:35,610 --> 00:45:37,800
And the most amazing things about this
1010
00:45:37,800 --> 00:45:40,653
were that she knew where she was going.
1011
00:45:41,610 --> 00:45:43,620
The satellite track showed
she had more or less
1012
00:45:43,620 --> 00:45:45,180
gone in a straight line.
1013
00:45:45,180 --> 00:45:47,010
Now, any of us humans,
1014
00:45:47,010 --> 00:45:49,410
we need a GPS, we need a compass,
1015
00:45:49,410 --> 00:45:51,240
we need this, we need
that, we need the other.
1016
00:45:51,240 --> 00:45:52,620
We haven't got a clue!
1017
00:45:52,620 --> 00:45:55,470
We can't even go from
sort of London in England
1018
00:45:55,470 --> 00:45:57,930
to Scotland without help.
1019
00:45:57,930 --> 00:46:00,390
A great white shark can do a whole ocean
1020
00:46:00,390 --> 00:46:03,330
and it's all in there somehow.
1021
00:46:03,330 --> 00:46:05,310
And how did she do it?
1022
00:46:05,310 --> 00:46:06,867
Well, we don't know is the answer,
1023
00:46:06,867 --> 00:46:10,710
but she's got this electro-sensory
array in her snout,
1024
00:46:10,710 --> 00:46:12,630
so she may well have picked up
1025
00:46:12,630 --> 00:46:14,730
electromagnetic clues
from the Earth's core,
1026
00:46:14,730 --> 00:46:16,710
'cause she did dive down to deep distances
1027
00:46:16,710 --> 00:46:20,130
as well as staying near the
surface most of the time.
1028
00:46:20,130 --> 00:46:23,130
Maybe she was using stellar clues,
1029
00:46:23,130 --> 00:46:24,990
in other words, navigating by the stars.
1030
00:46:24,990 --> 00:46:26,820
'cause they do spyhop.
1031
00:46:26,820 --> 00:46:28,800
She was within 20 feet of the surface
1032
00:46:28,800 --> 00:46:30,270
an awful lot of the time.
1033
00:46:30,270 --> 00:46:32,520
But with pretty much pinpoint accuracy,
1034
00:46:32,520 --> 00:46:34,440
she knew where she was going.
1035
00:46:34,440 --> 00:46:36,340
And then the most amazing thing is
1036
00:46:37,350 --> 00:46:39,093
she turned around and came back.
1037
00:46:39,930 --> 00:46:42,180
And then later the following year,
1038
00:46:42,180 --> 00:46:45,240
she turned up literally a
couple of hundred meters
1039
00:46:45,240 --> 00:46:47,943
away from where she'd been
tagged in South Africa.
1040
00:46:55,830 --> 00:46:58,200
To stop demonizing
these beautiful creatures,
1041
00:46:58,200 --> 00:47:00,750
we must first recognize that
the sea has been their home
1042
00:47:00,750 --> 00:47:03,693
for hundreds of millions
of years, not ours.
1043
00:47:06,360 --> 00:47:08,070
Future generations should be taught
1044
00:47:08,070 --> 00:47:09,693
that sharks are not monsters.
1045
00:47:10,650 --> 00:47:11,940
They are much like us,
1046
00:47:11,940 --> 00:47:14,643
striving to survive in an
unforgiving environment.
1047
00:47:16,440 --> 00:47:18,450
It is our responsibility to ensure
1048
00:47:18,450 --> 00:47:20,160
that these magnificent lifeforms
1049
00:47:20,160 --> 00:47:22,503
continue to thrive for many years to come.
1050
00:47:35,880 --> 00:47:38,250
One of the great things
I would say is, you know,
1051
00:47:38,250 --> 00:47:42,783
do regard your natural
world as worth preserving,
1052
00:47:44,070 --> 00:47:46,953
'cause if you don't, the
planet won't preserve you.
1053
00:47:48,480 --> 00:47:53,480
And do regard sharks as
something of incredible beauty
1054
00:47:53,610 --> 00:47:57,120
and something to be
admired and sought after.
1055
00:47:57,120 --> 00:47:58,620
Go and try and see 'em.
1056
00:47:58,620 --> 00:48:00,210
If you don't wanna get in
the water with 'em, don't.
1057
00:48:00,210 --> 00:48:02,520
Stay on the boat and
look down into the water.
1058
00:48:02,520 --> 00:48:06,180
But enjoy nature and enjoy your sharks.
1059
00:48:06,180 --> 00:48:08,400
And let's, everything on the planet,
1060
00:48:08,400 --> 00:48:09,870
let's try and live together.
1061
00:48:09,870 --> 00:48:11,820
Let's try and have a future, all of us.
78876
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