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00:00:01,793 --> 00:00:04,793
--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com
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00:00:04,793 --> 00:00:07,793
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
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00:00:52,965 --> 00:00:54,655
Narrator: IN THE LATE 1800s,
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00:00:54,655 --> 00:00:56,068
THE AMERICAN MILITARY
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00:00:56,068 --> 00:01:01,206
TRIED MODIFYING BICYCLES TO HELP
INFANTRYMEN CROSS ROUGH TERRAIN.
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00:01:01,206 --> 00:01:03,482
CYCLISTS
CONTINUED EXPERIMENTING,
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00:01:03,482 --> 00:01:07,344
AND THE FIRST MOUNTAIN BIKE
WAS CREATED IN 1978.
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00:01:07,344 --> 00:01:11,068
THE POPULARITY OF MOUNTAIN
BIKING HAS GROWN EVER SINCE.
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00:01:13,689 --> 00:01:15,793
MOUNTAIN BIKES
ARE SPECIALLY DESIGNED
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00:01:15,793 --> 00:01:17,862
TO PERFORM ON ROUGH TERRAIN.
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00:01:17,862 --> 00:01:19,862
THEY HAVE A SUSPENSION
TO HELP KEEP THE WHEELS
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00:01:19,862 --> 00:01:21,689
IN CONTACT WITH THE GROUND,
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00:01:21,689 --> 00:01:24,172
DEEP-TREADED TIRES
FOR ADDED TRACTION,
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00:01:24,172 --> 00:01:27,379
AND POWERFUL DISC BRAKES
FOR SAFETY.
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00:01:27,379 --> 00:01:31,103
AT THE CORE OF A MOUNTAIN BIKE
IS THE SMALL, ROBUST FRAME.
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00:01:31,103 --> 00:01:34,758
IT NEEDS TO BE LIGHTWEIGHT
YET HIGHLY DURABLE.
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00:01:34,758 --> 00:01:38,241
THE FACTORY USES A TEST BENCH
TO SIMULATE THE EFFECTS
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00:01:38,241 --> 00:01:41,758
OF REPEATED IMPACTS AND
VIBRATION ON THE BIKE FRAME.
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00:01:41,758 --> 00:01:43,000
THREE DAYS OF TESTING
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00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:47,172
CAN SIMULATE 10 YEARS
OF INTENSIVE USE.
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00:01:47,172 --> 00:01:50,448
THE FRAME IS MADE
FROM TUBES OF ALUMINUM ALLOY.
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00:01:50,448 --> 00:01:54,344
ALUMINUM IS LIGHTER THAN STEEL
AND CHEAPER THAN CARBON FIBER,
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00:01:54,344 --> 00:01:58,413
AND IT WON'T BURST LIKE CARBON
IN CASE OF A LARGE IMPACT.
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00:01:58,413 --> 00:02:02,068
THEY CUT EACH TUBE
TO THE REQUIRED LENGTH.
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00:02:02,068 --> 00:02:04,724
THEY USE JIGS
TO GET CONSISTENT DIMENSIONS
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00:02:04,724 --> 00:02:06,724
AND PRECISE CUTTING ANGLES.
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00:02:06,724 --> 00:02:10,172
THIS WILL BE EXTREMELY IMPORTANT
WHEN THEY ASSEMBLE THE FRAME.
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00:02:13,448 --> 00:02:18,275
EACH MODEL AND SIZE OF FRAME
HAS ITS OWN WELDING JIG.
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00:02:18,275 --> 00:02:21,379
THEY START TACK-WELDING
THE TUBES IN PLACE.
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00:02:21,379 --> 00:02:24,137
THEN THEY PROCEED
WITH THE FINAL WELDING.
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00:02:24,137 --> 00:02:27,862
IT'S A DELICATE STEP
BECAUSE THE TUBES ARE VERY THIN.
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00:02:29,413 --> 00:02:30,689
AFTER WELDING,
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00:02:30,689 --> 00:02:33,413
THE ALUMINUM FRAME
WILL UNDERGO A HEAT TREATMENT.
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00:02:33,413 --> 00:02:36,068
FIRST, THE FRAMES
WILL BE HEATED INTENSELY,
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00:02:36,068 --> 00:02:38,689
THEN QUICKLY QUENCHED
IN A COOL BATH.
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00:02:38,689 --> 00:02:41,448
THIS MAKES THE METAL
EASIER TO WORK WITH.
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00:02:41,448 --> 00:02:44,068
THIS NEXT STEP IS NECESSARY
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00:02:44,068 --> 00:02:46,965
BECAUSE SLIGHT DEFORMATIONS
ARE CREATED IN THE FRAME
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00:02:46,965 --> 00:02:48,965
DURING WELDING.
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00:02:48,965 --> 00:02:52,172
USING PRECISE MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS AND A RUBBER MALLET
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00:02:52,172 --> 00:02:54,137
TO AVOID DENTING THE METAL,
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00:02:54,137 --> 00:02:57,379
A TECHNICIAN ENSURES THE FRAME
IS PERFECTLY PARALLEL
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00:02:57,379 --> 00:02:59,413
TO THE ALIGNMENT TABLE.
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00:02:59,413 --> 00:03:02,172
IT'S NOT EASY
TO ALIGN THE SHORTER TUBES,
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00:03:02,172 --> 00:03:05,827
SO HE USES A LONGER ROD
FOR THIS TASK.
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00:03:05,827 --> 00:03:07,482
AFTER ALIGNMENT, THE FRAME
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00:03:07,482 --> 00:03:10,413
WILL BE HEATED ONE LAST TIME
TO HARDEN THE ALUMINUM.
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00:03:12,310 --> 00:03:15,344
ONCE THE ALUMINUM EXHIBITS
THE RIGHT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES,
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00:03:15,344 --> 00:03:17,862
IT'S READY FOR BORING.
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00:03:17,862 --> 00:03:19,172
THIS CRUCIAL PROCEDURE
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00:03:19,172 --> 00:03:22,103
MAKES THE INSIDE
OF THE HOLE PERFECTLY STRAIGHT
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00:03:22,103 --> 00:03:25,896
AND ALIGNED WITH THE FRAME'S
GEOMETRIC DESIGN.
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00:03:25,896 --> 00:03:29,103
IN THE PAINTING DEPARTMENT,
THEY SPRAY AUTO-GRADE PAINT,
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00:03:29,103 --> 00:03:32,172
WHICH THEN DRIES IN AN OVEN
FOR 20 MINUTES.
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00:03:34,241 --> 00:03:36,551
NEXT THEY USE INK TRANSFER TAPE
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00:03:36,551 --> 00:03:39,896
TO APPLY THE LOGO
ON THE BICYCLE FRAME.
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00:03:39,896 --> 00:03:42,068
AFTER THAT LOGO DRIES
IN THE OVEN,
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00:03:42,068 --> 00:03:44,862
THEY WILL FINISH
WITH A CLEAR COAT OF VARNISH.
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00:03:44,862 --> 00:03:46,758
EVERYTHING MUST BE PERFECT.
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00:03:46,758 --> 00:03:49,862
WHEN BUYING A NEW BICYCLE,
MOST MOUNTAIN BIKERS
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00:03:49,862 --> 00:03:53,517
PAY VERY CLOSE ATTENTION
TO THE QUALITY OF THE PAINT JOB.
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00:03:56,344 --> 00:03:59,689
THE BICYCLE IS READY
FOR THE FINAL ASSEMBLY.
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00:03:59,689 --> 00:04:02,586
THE ASSEMBLER STARTS
WITH THE REAR SHOCK ABSORBER,
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00:04:02,586 --> 00:04:06,620
WHICH CONTAINS OIL TO DAMPEN
THE SUSPENSION MOVEMENT.
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00:04:06,620 --> 00:04:08,241
THIS WAY, THE SUSPENSION
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00:04:08,241 --> 00:04:12,034
DOESN'T BOUNCE UP AND DOWN
UNCONTROLLABLY AFTER AN IMPACT.
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00:04:12,034 --> 00:04:15,551
THE STIFFNESS OF THAT DAMPENING
IS ADJUSTABLE BY THE RIDER.
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00:04:15,551 --> 00:04:19,862
THE ASSEMBLER LINKS THE SHOCK
ABSORBER TO THE SEAT STAY.
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00:04:21,586 --> 00:04:22,827
HE INSTALLS THE HANDLEBAR
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00:04:22,827 --> 00:04:24,827
AND THE STEM
ON THE STEERING COLUMN.
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00:04:27,689 --> 00:04:30,655
NEXT HE INSTALLS
THE REAR BRAKE CALIPER.
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00:04:30,655 --> 00:04:33,965
THIS IS A HYDRAULIC BRAKE,
ACTIONED BY BRAKE FLUID
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00:04:33,965 --> 00:04:36,206
THAT TRAVELS
THROUGH A HYDRAULIC HOSE.
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00:04:36,206 --> 00:04:38,793
IT'S POSITIONED ON THE FRAME
IN SUCH A WAY
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00:04:38,793 --> 00:04:41,758
THAT ANCHORING CLIPS
DON'T RESTRICT ITS MOVEMENT.
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00:04:41,758 --> 00:04:44,620
NOW IT'S TIME
TO INSTALL THE CRANKSET
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00:04:44,620 --> 00:04:46,827
AND THE DERAILLEURS.
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00:04:46,827 --> 00:04:49,206
THESE ARE USEFUL
ON TECHNICAL TERRAIN,
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00:04:49,206 --> 00:04:50,620
WHERE QUICK GEAR CHANGES
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00:04:50,620 --> 00:04:54,965
ARE KEY TO SUCCESSFULLY
MANEUVERING TRAIL OBSTACLES.
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00:04:54,965 --> 00:04:57,517
HE INSTALLS THE REAR WHEEL.
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00:04:57,517 --> 00:05:01,034
IT'S EQUIPPED WITH 10 COGS
AND A DISC BRAKE.
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00:05:01,034 --> 00:05:03,827
ITS DEEP-TREADED TIRE
WILL GRIP THE GROUND
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00:05:03,827 --> 00:05:06,241
OF TREACHEROUS MOUNTAIN PATHS.
85
00:05:06,241 --> 00:05:09,000
NOW HE SCREWS IN
THE FRONT BRAKE CALIPER.
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00:05:12,413 --> 00:05:16,172
IT TAKES ABOUT AN HOUR TO FULLY
ASSEMBLE THE MOUNTAIN BIKE.
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00:05:16,172 --> 00:05:18,965
THE FORK
PROVIDES THE FRONT SUSPENSION...
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00:05:21,379 --> 00:05:24,344
...WHILE THE REAR SUSPENSION
IS CONNECTED TO THE REAR WHEEL
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00:05:24,344 --> 00:05:26,758
THROUGH A SYSTEM OF PIVOTS
AT THE BACK.
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00:05:26,758 --> 00:05:29,448
AS THE WHEEL AND PIVOTS
MOVE BACK AND FORTH,
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00:05:29,448 --> 00:05:32,275
THEIR MOVEMENT IS DAMPENED
BY THE SHOCK ABSORBER,
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00:05:32,275 --> 00:05:35,275
HELPING TO KEEP THE WHEEL
IN CONTACT WITH THE GROUND.
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00:05:36,896 --> 00:05:38,620
MOUNTAIN BIKES ARE ENGINEERED
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00:05:38,620 --> 00:05:41,655
TO WITHSTAND THE DEMANDS
OF OFF-ROAD RIDING.
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00:05:41,655 --> 00:05:44,482
PRECISE MANUFACTURING
AND TESTING
96
00:05:44,482 --> 00:05:47,896
ALSO ENSURE THAT THE MOUNTAIN
BIKE WILL SURVIVE YEARS OF USE
97
00:05:47,896 --> 00:05:49,827
AND ABUSE.
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00:06:01,517 --> 00:06:02,517
Narrator:
IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD,
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00:06:02,517 --> 00:06:04,103
RICE IS THE MAIN GRAIN.
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00:06:04,103 --> 00:06:05,896
IN FACT, IT IS A FOOD STAPLE
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00:06:05,896 --> 00:06:08,137
FOR NEARLY HALF
OF THE PLANET'S POPULATION.
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00:06:08,137 --> 00:06:09,689
NATIVE TO ASIA,
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00:06:09,689 --> 00:06:12,620
IT HAS BEEN GROWN AND CONSUMED
FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
104
00:06:12,620 --> 00:06:16,172
BUT TODAY, MACHINES DO MUCH
OF THE HARVESTING AND PROCESSING
105
00:06:16,172 --> 00:06:18,517
IN ORDER TO FEED
THE ENORMOUS DEMAND.
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00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:23,965
THESE PERFECTLY FORMED
KERNELS OF RICE
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00:06:23,965 --> 00:06:25,724
ARE ESSENTIALLY A CROP
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00:06:25,724 --> 00:06:28,931
THAT HAS BEEN ALLOWED
TO GO TO SEED.
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00:06:28,931 --> 00:06:31,482
AFTER ABOUT 150 DAYS OF GROWTH,
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00:06:31,482 --> 00:06:34,586
THE RICE SEED
IS READY FOR HARVEST.
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00:06:34,586 --> 00:06:37,000
MACHINERY STRIPS IT
FROM THE STALKS
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00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:39,724
AND ALSO SUCTIONS OUT
SOME OF THE EMPTY HUSKS.
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00:06:42,896 --> 00:06:47,586
TRUCKS TRANSPORT THE RICE
TO STORAGE FACILITIES.
114
00:06:47,586 --> 00:06:51,206
THEY EMPTY IT INTO A GRATED
OPENING AT THE RECEIVING PIT.
115
00:06:51,206 --> 00:06:54,517
THE GRATES FILTER OUT SOME
OF THE LARGER STALKS AND DEBRIS.
116
00:06:59,379 --> 00:07:00,724
FROM THE PIT,
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00:07:00,724 --> 00:07:03,862
A CHAIN CONVEYOR MOVES THE RICE
UP TO STORAGE SILOS
118
00:07:03,862 --> 00:07:05,724
AND INTO WAREHOUSES.
119
00:07:08,517 --> 00:07:10,551
INSIDE THE STORAGE FACILITIES,
120
00:07:10,551 --> 00:07:13,344
FANS BLOW AIR
THROUGH THE MOUNTAIN OF RICE
121
00:07:13,344 --> 00:07:16,068
TO LOWER THE MOISTURE CONTENT
SUBSTANTIALLY.
122
00:07:18,482 --> 00:07:20,482
WITH THE RICE
SUFFICIENTLY DRIED,
123
00:07:20,482 --> 00:07:22,931
IT'S ON TO THE PROCESSING PLANT.
124
00:07:22,931 --> 00:07:25,068
HERE, A PROBE VACUUMS UP SAMPLES
125
00:07:25,068 --> 00:07:27,931
FROM BOTH THE FRONT AND THE BACK
OF THE MASSIVE TRUCKLOAD.
126
00:07:30,413 --> 00:07:34,000
THE PROBE DELIVERS THE SAMPLES
TO A LAB.
127
00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:36,586
A TECHNICIAN FIRST
TESTS THE MOISTURE CONTENT
128
00:07:36,586 --> 00:07:39,482
TO CONFIRM THAT IT'S ON TARGET.
129
00:07:39,482 --> 00:07:42,275
HE THEN TRANSFERS BATCHES
TO A SIFTING BIN
130
00:07:42,275 --> 00:07:45,517
TO SCREEN FOR BUGS.
131
00:07:45,517 --> 00:07:48,379
HE SWITCHES ON A HEAT LAMP
TO WAKE THEM UP.
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00:07:48,379 --> 00:07:51,931
HE SHAKES THE RICE
AND SCRUTINIZES.
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00:07:51,931 --> 00:07:55,206
HE ALSO EXAMINES THE TRAY
UNDERNEATH FOR TINY BUGS
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00:07:55,206 --> 00:07:57,551
THAT MAY HAVE FALLEN
THROUGH THE HOLES.
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00:07:57,551 --> 00:08:00,413
IF HE FINDS JUST ONE MOTH
OR BEETLE,
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00:08:00,413 --> 00:08:05,034
THE ENTIRE 5,500-POUND TRUCKLOAD
OF RICE WILL BE REJECTED.
137
00:08:06,724 --> 00:08:09,482
NEXT THE RICE FALLS THROUGH
PERFORATIONS
138
00:08:09,482 --> 00:08:11,034
IN ROLLING CYLINDERS,
139
00:08:11,034 --> 00:08:14,275
SCREENING OUT THE STRAW
WHICH SPILLS OVER THE SIDE.
140
00:08:14,275 --> 00:08:17,965
THE NEXT MACHINE SIFTS
OUT THE REMAINING STRAW BITS
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00:08:17,965 --> 00:08:20,000
AND ANY WEED SEED.
142
00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:22,827
IT ALSO SUCTIONS OUT
EMPTY RICE HUSKS.
143
00:08:22,827 --> 00:08:27,103
THEY'RE LIGHTWEIGHT AND
PULLED OUT WITH A WEAK VACUUM.
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00:08:27,103 --> 00:08:29,931
FINALLY, THEY REMOVE MUD BALLS.
145
00:08:31,551 --> 00:08:33,000
FREE OF CONTAMINANTS,
146
00:08:33,000 --> 00:08:35,931
THE RICE NOW SPILLS
BETWEEN TWO RUBBER ROLLERS,
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00:08:35,931 --> 00:08:38,758
ONE MOVING
FASTER THAN THE OTHER.
148
00:08:38,758 --> 00:08:41,068
THIS SHEARS OFF THE HUSKS.
149
00:08:42,517 --> 00:08:46,896
THE RICE AND EMPTY HUSKS THEN
CASCADE INTO ANOTHER MACHINE.
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00:08:46,896 --> 00:08:50,413
THIS IS A DEMO VERSION
OF THE ACTUAL PRODUCTION ONE.
151
00:08:52,482 --> 00:08:54,827
WEAK SUCTIONING
PULLS OUT THE HUSKS
152
00:08:54,827 --> 00:08:57,482
TO SEPARATE THEM
FROM THE HEAVIER RICE.
153
00:09:04,862 --> 00:09:07,862
THE DEHUSKING PROCESS
MISSES A FEW KERNELS,
154
00:09:07,862 --> 00:09:11,965
SO NEXT GIANT SIFTING MACHINES
SCREEN OUT THAT RICE.
155
00:09:11,965 --> 00:09:13,310
STILL IN HUSKS,
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00:09:13,310 --> 00:09:15,482
IT'S BIGGER AND DOESN'T PASS
THROUGH THE HOLES
157
00:09:15,482 --> 00:09:17,551
IN THE SHAKING TRAYS.
158
00:09:17,551 --> 00:09:21,068
THEY DEHUSK THAT RICE
AND MIX IT WITH THE REST.
159
00:09:25,586 --> 00:09:29,413
GRINDING MACHINES NOW MILL
THE RICE TO REMOVE THE BRAN.
160
00:09:31,620 --> 00:09:34,034
THE BRAN SPILLS
OUT OF PERFORATIONS
161
00:09:34,034 --> 00:09:36,862
AND IS RECOVERED
FOR USE IN CATTLE FEED.
162
00:09:38,482 --> 00:09:43,586
WITH THE BRAN REMOVED, THE RICE
GOES FROM BROWN TO WHITE.
163
00:09:43,586 --> 00:09:45,931
THE FINAL GRINDING POLISHES
THE RICE
164
00:09:45,931 --> 00:09:47,758
TO GIVE IT A PEARLY SHEEN.
165
00:09:50,206 --> 00:09:52,724
THIS IS THE UNMILLED BROWN RICE.
166
00:09:52,724 --> 00:09:56,517
AND HERE IT IS
WITH THE BRAN REMOVED.
167
00:09:56,517 --> 00:10:00,517
DURING MILLING,
SOME RICE KERNELS ARE DAMAGED.
168
00:10:00,517 --> 00:10:04,275
THIS SPINNING, DIMPLED CYLINDER
NOW SEPARATES THE BROKEN KERNELS
169
00:10:04,275 --> 00:10:06,034
FROM THE WHOLE ONES.
170
00:10:06,034 --> 00:10:08,344
THE BROKEN RICE KERNELS
FALL INTO THE DIMPLES
171
00:10:08,344 --> 00:10:09,551
OF THE CYLINDER,
172
00:10:09,551 --> 00:10:12,862
AND FROM THERE,
INTO AN INTERNAL CATCH PAN.
173
00:10:12,862 --> 00:10:14,931
THEY'LL BE USED
TO MAKE CEREAL OR BEER.
174
00:10:17,482 --> 00:10:20,965
THE WHOLE RICE NOW
MOVES THROUGH A COLOR SORTER.
175
00:10:20,965 --> 00:10:24,448
COMPUTERIZED CAMERAS ANALYZE IT
FOR DARK IMPERFECTIONS
176
00:10:24,448 --> 00:10:27,896
AND SIGNAL AIR NOZZLES
TO BLAST THEM OUT OF THE MIX.
177
00:10:29,413 --> 00:10:33,758
OF COURSE, THERE'S ALSO A MARKET
FOR UNMILLED BROWN RICE.
178
00:10:33,758 --> 00:10:35,448
NOW READY FOR PACKAGING,
179
00:10:35,448 --> 00:10:37,827
A SCRAPER
MOVES IT ACROSS A TABLE
180
00:10:37,827 --> 00:10:41,448
AND INTO PLASTIC TUBES BELOW.
181
00:10:41,448 --> 00:10:43,931
HOT JAWS SEAL THE TUBES
AT BOTH ENDS,
182
00:10:43,931 --> 00:10:46,413
AND THIS RICE IS IN THE BAG.
183
00:10:48,689 --> 00:10:52,241
BROWN OR WHITE,
SHORT OR MEDIUM GRAIN,
184
00:10:52,241 --> 00:10:54,724
THERE ARE PLENTY OF OPTIONS.
185
00:11:09,068 --> 00:11:10,689
Narrator:
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RIFLES
LOAD THE GUN IN DIFFERENT WAYS.
186
00:11:10,689 --> 00:11:14,758
A LEVER-ACTION RIFLE HAS,
AS THE NAME IMPLIES, A LEVER,
187
00:11:14,758 --> 00:11:17,275
WHICH YOU MOVE DOWNWARDS
TO LOAD THE AMMUNITION CARTRIDGE
188
00:11:17,275 --> 00:11:19,793
INTO THE GUN'S CHAMBER.
189
00:11:19,793 --> 00:11:21,551
WHEN YOU PULL THE LEVER BACK UP,
190
00:11:21,551 --> 00:11:26,620
IT COCKS THE HAMMER
AND THE GUN IS READY TO FIRE.
191
00:11:26,620 --> 00:11:28,793
THIS ITALIAN COMPANY
192
00:11:28,793 --> 00:11:32,310
MAKES EXACT REPRODUCTIONS
OF THE RENOWNED WINCHESTERS
193
00:11:32,310 --> 00:11:36,931
PRODUCED IN THE U.S.
STARTING IN 1866.
194
00:11:36,931 --> 00:11:40,379
THESE LEVER-ACTIONS
WERE A GAME-CHANGER IN THAT ERA,
195
00:11:40,379 --> 00:11:42,862
BECAUSE YOU NO LONGER
HAD TO RELOAD YOUR RIFLE
196
00:11:42,862 --> 00:11:46,586
ONE CARTRIDGE AT A TIME.
197
00:11:46,586 --> 00:11:48,034
TO MAKE THE BARREL,
198
00:11:48,034 --> 00:11:50,689
THE LONG TUBE THROUGH WHICH
THE AMMUNITION SHOOTS,
199
00:11:50,689 --> 00:11:53,310
THE FACTORY STARTS
WITH A BAR OF SOLID STEEL
200
00:11:53,310 --> 00:11:56,551
THAT'S ONE INCH IN DIAMETER.
201
00:11:56,551 --> 00:11:58,551
A COMPUTER-GUIDED CIRCULAR SAW
202
00:11:58,551 --> 00:12:00,896
SLICES IT
INTO BARREL-LENGTH PIECES.
203
00:12:06,586 --> 00:12:08,655
NEXT A COMPUTER-GUIDED DRILL
204
00:12:08,655 --> 00:12:11,862
BORES THROUGH THE CENTER
OF EACH BARREL-LENGTH BAR.
205
00:12:13,758 --> 00:12:16,379
THE DRILL IS FLUTED,
WHICH PROVIDES A CHANNEL
206
00:12:16,379 --> 00:12:19,586
FOR A CONTINUOUS HIGH-PRESSURE
FLOW OF CUTTING OIL.
207
00:12:19,586 --> 00:12:22,965
THIS BREAKS DOWN THE METAL
SHAVINGS AS THE DRILL ADVANCES
208
00:12:22,965 --> 00:12:25,034
FROM ONE END
OF THE BAR TO THE OTHER
209
00:12:25,034 --> 00:12:27,206
OVER THE COURSE OF FIVE MINUTES.
210
00:12:29,620 --> 00:12:33,758
A REAMER GRADUALLY WIDENS THE
BORE TO THE REQUIRED DIAMETER.
211
00:12:33,758 --> 00:12:36,241
THIS TAKES 15 MINUTES.
212
00:12:36,241 --> 00:12:37,655
THE DIAMETER OF THE BARREL
213
00:12:37,655 --> 00:12:40,448
IS WHAT DETERMINES
A FIREARM'S CALIBER.
214
00:12:45,413 --> 00:12:48,931
A RIFLE GETS ITS NAME
FROM THE NEXT OPERATION.
215
00:12:48,931 --> 00:12:52,137
THIS SPECIALIZED TOOL
RIFLES THE BARREL,
216
00:12:52,137 --> 00:12:54,965
MEANING IT CARVES
SPIRALED GROOVES
217
00:12:54,965 --> 00:12:57,827
INTO THE BARREL BORE'S
SMOOTH WALLS.
218
00:12:57,827 --> 00:12:59,724
THIS PROCESS TAKES TWICE AS LONG
219
00:12:59,724 --> 00:13:02,793
AS DRILLING
AND REAMING COMBINED.
220
00:13:02,793 --> 00:13:05,931
THE GROOVES IN THE BARREL PUT
A SPIN ON THE CARTRIDGE'S BULLET
221
00:13:05,931 --> 00:13:07,931
AS IT EXITS THE GUN.
222
00:13:07,931 --> 00:13:10,034
LIKE THE PERFECT PASS
OF A FOOTBALL,
223
00:13:10,034 --> 00:13:12,517
THIS SPIN STABILIZES THE BULLET,
224
00:13:12,517 --> 00:13:14,965
RENDERING IT MORE AERODYNAMIC.
225
00:13:14,965 --> 00:13:18,620
THAT MAKES THE SHOT MORE
ACCURATE OVER A LONG DISTANCE.
226
00:13:20,103 --> 00:13:23,103
THE NEXT MACHINE MILLS
THE OUTSIDE OF THE BARREL.
227
00:13:23,103 --> 00:13:26,000
THIS PARTICULAR MODEL
HAS AN OCTAGONAL BARREL,
228
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:28,344
SO THE MACHINE MILLS
EIGHT SIDES.
229
00:13:30,586 --> 00:13:33,413
ANOTHER MACHINE THEN
MAKES THREADS ON THE BACK END
230
00:13:33,413 --> 00:13:36,068
SO THE BARREL CAN LATER SCREW
INTO THE ADJACENT PART
231
00:13:36,068 --> 00:13:37,241
OF THE RIFLE.
232
00:13:40,551 --> 00:13:44,655
A LOCAL FOUNDRY, MEANWHILE,
FORGES THE RIFLE'S LEVER.
233
00:13:44,655 --> 00:13:49,724
WORKERS FEED SOLID STEEL BARS
INTO A SMALL FURNACE.
234
00:13:49,724 --> 00:13:51,517
THE FURNACE TEMPERATURE,
235
00:13:51,517 --> 00:13:54,206
A BLAZING 2,200 DEGREES
FAHRENHEIT,
236
00:13:54,206 --> 00:13:57,206
SOFTENS THE STEEL
IN A MATTER OF SECONDS.
237
00:13:57,206 --> 00:14:00,000
WHILE THE BAR IS STILL RED-HOT,
238
00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:04,482
THEY PLACE IT IN A DIE AND STAMP
IT WITH A PRESS TO BEND IT.
239
00:14:12,655 --> 00:14:15,379
THEN TWO MORE PRESSINGS
IN A DIFFERENT DIE
240
00:14:15,379 --> 00:14:18,965
FORM THE BENT BAR INTO
THE BASIC SHAPE OF THE LEVER.
241
00:14:24,586 --> 00:14:25,931
A FOURTH PRESSING,
242
00:14:25,931 --> 00:14:28,172
AGAINST A RAZOR-SHARP DIE
THIS TIME,
243
00:14:28,172 --> 00:14:30,000
TRIMS THE PERIMETER.
244
00:14:37,620 --> 00:14:39,137
THE ROUGHLY SHAPED LEVER
245
00:14:39,137 --> 00:14:43,689
IS NOW READY FOR MACHINING
IN THE RIFLE FACTORY.
246
00:14:43,689 --> 00:14:47,482
THERE, A COMPUTER-GUIDED MILL
WORKS AT IT FOR EIGHT MINUTES.
247
00:14:47,482 --> 00:14:50,896
IT METICULOUSLY SHAVES OFF
BITS OF STEEL
248
00:14:50,896 --> 00:14:53,551
UNTIL THE LEVER'S SHAPE
IS PERFECTED.
249
00:15:02,724 --> 00:15:06,379
THE MECHANICAL SECTION OF
THE RIFLE IS CALLED THE ACTION.
250
00:15:06,379 --> 00:15:10,103
LIKE THE LEVER,
IT'S FORGED OUT OF A STEEL BAR.
251
00:15:10,103 --> 00:15:12,310
THEN, OVER THE COURSE
OF AN HOUR,
252
00:15:12,310 --> 00:15:14,413
IT'S MACHINED TO SPECIFICATIONS
253
00:15:14,413 --> 00:15:17,551
BY 100 DIFFERENT
COMPUTER-GUIDED TOOLS.
254
00:15:21,965 --> 00:15:24,000
THIS OPERATION
NOT ONLY FINALIZES
255
00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:26,275
THE ACTION'S EXTERNAL SHAPE,
256
00:15:26,275 --> 00:15:29,965
IT ALSO HOLLOWS OUT AREAS
FOR THE INTERNAL COMPONENTS,
257
00:15:29,965 --> 00:15:32,379
NAMELY THE RIFLE'S
LEVER-ACTIVATED LOADING
258
00:15:32,379 --> 00:15:35,655
AND FIRING MECHANISM.
259
00:15:35,655 --> 00:15:37,862
BUT BEFORE THAT ASSEMBLY
HAPPENS,
260
00:15:37,862 --> 00:15:41,620
THE ACTION TAKES A SIDE TRIP
TO A METAL TREATMENT PLANT
261
00:15:41,620 --> 00:15:44,793
WHERE IT UNDERGOES
A TWO-STEP PROCESS.
262
00:15:44,793 --> 00:15:48,482
FIRST IT'S SUBMERGED FOR THREE
MINUTES IN A HOT-WATER BATH
263
00:15:48,482 --> 00:15:51,724
WITH SPECIAL SALTS
WHICH HARDEN THE STEEL.
264
00:15:51,724 --> 00:15:54,137
THEN A QUICK DIP
IN A SECOND BATH,
265
00:15:54,137 --> 00:15:59,379
WHERE A COLORING CHEMICAL GIVES
THE STEEL AN ANTIQUE FINISH.
266
00:15:59,379 --> 00:16:02,172
THE ACTION NOW RETURNS
TO THE GUN FACTORY
267
00:16:02,172 --> 00:16:04,862
TO REJOIN THE RIFLE'S
OTHER COMPONENTS.
268
00:16:16,206 --> 00:16:18,034
Narrator: THE ACTION IS
THE MIDDLE SECTION OF THE RIFLE.
269
00:16:18,034 --> 00:16:20,206
THE BARREL SCREWS
ONTO THE FRONT OF IT,
270
00:16:20,206 --> 00:16:23,103
WHILE THE GUN'S WOODEN HANDLE
ATTACHES TO THE BACK OF IT.
271
00:16:23,103 --> 00:16:26,551
WHEN YOU PULL THE TRIGGER,
THE HAMMER HITS THE FIRING PIN.
272
00:16:26,551 --> 00:16:27,965
THIS STRIKES THE CARTRIDGE,
273
00:16:27,965 --> 00:16:30,586
IGNITING
THE EXPLOSIVE PRIMER INSIDE.
274
00:16:30,586 --> 00:16:35,517
THE BLAST PROPELS THE BULLET
OUT OF THE BARREL OF THE GUN.
275
00:16:35,517 --> 00:16:38,034
TO ASSEMBLE
THE RIFLE'S FIRING MECHANISM,
276
00:16:38,034 --> 00:16:41,620
WORKERS FIRST ATTACH THE TRIGGER
AND THE HAMMER SPRING
277
00:16:41,620 --> 00:16:44,413
TO A LARGER COMPONENT
CALLED THE TRIGGER GUARD.
278
00:16:44,413 --> 00:16:48,206
THEN THEY CONNECT THE HAMMER
ITSELF WITH A TIGHT-FITTING PIN.
279
00:16:48,206 --> 00:16:50,482
THE HAMMER SPRING
PROVIDES RESISTANCE,
280
00:16:50,482 --> 00:16:53,931
ALLOWING THE HAMMER TO HIT
THE FIRING PIN HARD ENOUGH
281
00:16:53,931 --> 00:16:56,517
TO FIRE THE CARTRIDGE
AFTER IT'S COCKED.
282
00:16:56,517 --> 00:16:58,551
TAKING THE ACTION,
283
00:16:58,551 --> 00:17:02,482
THEY INSERT THE BOLT
CONTAINING THE FIRING PIN,
284
00:17:02,482 --> 00:17:05,448
THEN THE FIRING PIN EXTENSION.
285
00:17:05,448 --> 00:17:08,448
THIS WEDGE PIECE LINKS
THOSE TWO COMPONENTS.
286
00:17:13,413 --> 00:17:16,172
THEY INSERT THE TRIGGER GUARD
INTO THE ACTION,
287
00:17:16,172 --> 00:17:18,137
COAXING IT
INTO THE CORRECT POSITION
288
00:17:18,137 --> 00:17:21,413
WITH A FEW TAPS OF A MALLET.
289
00:17:21,413 --> 00:17:24,448
THEY ATTACH THE LEVER
UNDERNEATH THE TRIGGER GUARD.
290
00:17:27,344 --> 00:17:29,655
THEY MOUNT A SPRING
ON EACH SIDE OF THE LEVER
291
00:17:29,655 --> 00:17:31,137
TO PUT TENSION ON IT.
292
00:17:35,379 --> 00:17:38,862
THEN FINALLY, THEY CONNECT THE
LEVER TO THE FIRING MECHANISM
293
00:17:38,862 --> 00:17:41,034
WITH TWO SETS OF LINKS.
294
00:17:41,034 --> 00:17:43,896
TO COCK THE HAMMER AND PREPARE
TO PULL THE TRIGGER TO FIRE,
295
00:17:43,896 --> 00:17:47,241
YOU PULL DOWN THE LEVER,
THEN PULL IT BACK UP.
296
00:17:47,241 --> 00:17:50,655
AFTER FIRING, YOU MOVE THE LEVER
UP AND DOWN AGAIN
297
00:17:50,655 --> 00:17:52,413
TO EJECT THE SPENT CARTRIDGE
298
00:17:52,413 --> 00:17:56,344
AND RELOAD AND COCK
FOR THE NEXT SHOT.
299
00:17:56,344 --> 00:17:57,896
THEY FINISH ASSEMBLING
THE ACTION
300
00:17:57,896 --> 00:18:00,172
BY ATTACHING SIDE PLATES,
301
00:18:00,172 --> 00:18:01,965
ONE OF WHICH
HAS A SIDE-LOADING GATE
302
00:18:01,965 --> 00:18:04,379
FOR INSERTING THE CARTRIDGES.
303
00:18:04,379 --> 00:18:06,827
THE ACTION
HAS TWO THREADED HOLES --
304
00:18:06,827 --> 00:18:11,034
ONE FOR ATTACHING THE MAGAZINE
TO THAT HOLDS THE CARTRIDGES
305
00:18:11,034 --> 00:18:13,448
AND THE OTHER
FOR ATTACHING THE BARREL.
306
00:18:13,448 --> 00:18:16,448
ITS THREADED END
REQUIRES SOME TOP FILING
307
00:18:16,448 --> 00:18:19,103
IN ORDER TO MEET THE VARIOUS
STRICT SPECIFICATIONS
308
00:18:19,103 --> 00:18:21,137
SET OUT BY THE PROOFHOUSE.
309
00:18:21,137 --> 00:18:24,793
THE PROOFHOUSE IS RESPONSIBLE
FOR ENSURING THAT FIREARMS
310
00:18:24,793 --> 00:18:28,000
CONFORM TO
ALL MANUFACTURING REGULATIONS.
311
00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:30,000
TO ATTACH THE BARREL
TO THE ACTION,
312
00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:32,275
THEY LOCK THE BARREL IN A VISE,
313
00:18:32,275 --> 00:18:34,931
THEN SCREW THE ACTION
ON TO THE THREADED END.
314
00:18:37,413 --> 00:18:39,620
THEY USE VARIOUS TOOLS
AND GAUGES
315
00:18:39,620 --> 00:18:42,862
TO ENSURE THE TWO PARTS
ARE PERFECTLY ALIGNED
316
00:18:42,862 --> 00:18:45,689
AND THAT THE LEVER CLOSES
COMPLETELY WHEN PULLED UP.
317
00:18:48,758 --> 00:18:51,310
NEXT THEY INSERT WHAT'S CALLED
A CHECK CARTRIDGE
318
00:18:51,310 --> 00:18:54,689
OF THE APPROPRIATE CALIBER
INTO THE CHAMBER.
319
00:18:54,689 --> 00:18:56,551
THIS CHECKS THE INTERNAL SPACING
320
00:18:56,551 --> 00:19:02,000
TO ENSURE THE AMMUNITION FEEDS
CORRECTLY AND FIRES SAFELY.
321
00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:03,758
THEN THEY MOUNT
A TEMPORARY STOCK
322
00:19:03,758 --> 00:19:05,517
ON THE OTHER END OF THE ACTION
323
00:19:05,517 --> 00:19:07,413
AND SEND THE RIFLE
TO THE PROOFHOUSE
324
00:19:07,413 --> 00:19:10,482
FOR PERFORMANCE
AND SAFETY TESTING.
325
00:19:10,482 --> 00:19:13,896
THERE, TECHNICIANS
PLACE IT IN AN ENCLOSED CHAMBER,
326
00:19:13,896 --> 00:19:17,758
LOAD AMMUNITION,
AND FIRE TWICE.
327
00:19:25,206 --> 00:19:27,413
THE PROOFHOUSE
HAND-PUNCHES MARKINGS
328
00:19:27,413 --> 00:19:30,379
ONTO THE BOTTOM OF THE RIFLE.
329
00:19:30,379 --> 00:19:34,586
THESE MARKINGS, RECOGNIZED BY
THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY,
330
00:19:34,586 --> 00:19:36,000
OFFICIALLY CERTIFY
331
00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:39,000
THAT THE FIREARM
FUNCTIONS PROPERLY AND SAFELY.
332
00:19:44,344 --> 00:19:47,206
THE GUN FACTORY CONTRACTS
A WOODWORKING COMPANY
333
00:19:47,206 --> 00:19:50,344
TO PRODUCE THE RIFLE'S STOCK.
334
00:19:50,344 --> 00:19:53,448
IT'S MADE FROM A BLOCK
OF WALNUT.
335
00:19:53,448 --> 00:19:56,344
FIRST WORKERS TRACE A TEMPLATE
336
00:19:56,344 --> 00:19:58,758
THAT'S IN THE BASIC SHAPE
OF THE STOCK.
337
00:20:03,379 --> 00:20:05,413
THEY SAW ALONG THE TRACE LINE.
338
00:20:14,448 --> 00:20:16,275
THIS GIVES THEM A STARTING FORM,
339
00:20:16,275 --> 00:20:18,724
WHICH COMPUTER-GUIDED MACHINES
THEN REFINE.
340
00:20:21,413 --> 00:20:24,482
A MILL PROGRESSIVELY
CARVES THE DETAILED PROFILE
341
00:20:24,482 --> 00:20:26,862
WITH A SERIES
OF DIFFERENT TOOLS.
342
00:20:30,413 --> 00:20:32,896
THEN THEY MOUNT THE STOCK
ON A LATHE,
343
00:20:32,896 --> 00:20:34,620
WHICH ROTATES IT
AGAINST A SANDER
344
00:20:34,620 --> 00:20:37,655
TO SMOOTH THE SURFACE
AND PERFECT THE SHAPE.
345
00:20:41,206 --> 00:20:43,896
THE STOCK HAS TWO HOLES
IN THE BACK
346
00:20:43,896 --> 00:20:46,965
TO WHICH THEY ATTACH
AN ENDPIECE.
347
00:20:46,965 --> 00:20:50,620
THE WOODSHOP STAINS
AND VARNISHES THE FINISHED STOCK
348
00:20:50,620 --> 00:20:52,586
AND SENDS IT TO THE GUN FACTORY,
349
00:20:52,586 --> 00:20:54,862
WHERE WORKERS ATTACH IT
TO THE ACTION.
350
00:20:54,862 --> 00:20:59,310
AFTER THAT, THEY MOUNT
THE MAGAZINE TUBE TO THE ACTION.
351
00:20:59,310 --> 00:21:02,034
WHEN YOU FEED CARTRIDGES
INTO THE SIDE-LOADING GATE,
352
00:21:02,034 --> 00:21:04,413
THEY DROP INTO
THE MAGAZINE TUBE.
353
00:21:04,413 --> 00:21:06,034
UPON LEVERING THE RIFLE,
354
00:21:06,034 --> 00:21:08,172
A CARRIER
PUSHES UP ONE CARTRIDGE,
355
00:21:08,172 --> 00:21:10,758
WHICH THE BOLT
THEN PUSHES INTO THE CHAMBER,
356
00:21:10,758 --> 00:21:13,034
PREPARING THE RIFLE TO FIRE.
357
00:21:20,379 --> 00:21:22,689
IF YOU HAVE ANY COMMENTS
ABOUT THE SHOW,
358
00:21:22,689 --> 00:21:25,793
OR IF YOU'D LIKE TO SUGGEST
TOPICS FOR FUTURE SHOWS,
359
00:21:25,793 --> 00:21:27,931
DROP US A LINE AT...
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