Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:01,862 --> 00:00:04,758
--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com
2
00:00:04,862 --> 00:00:07,862
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
3
00:00:53,137 --> 00:00:55,448
Narrator:
WITH NO CAR FRAME AROUND THEM,
4
00:00:55,551 --> 00:00:59,034
MOTORCYCLE RACERS LOOK
TO THEIR CLOTHES FOR PROTECTION.
5
00:00:59,137 --> 00:01:02,310
ONE-PIECE SUITS CALLED
RACING LEATHERS PROVIDE IT.
6
00:01:02,413 --> 00:01:05,517
THEY'RE MADE OF PADDED LEATHER,
7
00:01:05,620 --> 00:01:09,310
AND THE DESIGN IS FORM-FITTING
AND AERODYNAMIC.
8
00:01:13,655 --> 00:01:17,793
MOTORCYCLE RACING LEATHERS
ARE A KIND OF BODY ARMOR.
9
00:01:17,896 --> 00:01:20,724
EQUIPPED WITH PADDING
AND AIRBAGS,
10
00:01:20,827 --> 00:01:22,758
THE SUIT IS A PROTECTIVE SHELL.
11
00:01:22,862 --> 00:01:25,586
IT MUST FIT THE RIDER
LIKE A SECOND SKIN.
12
00:01:27,517 --> 00:01:29,724
TO ACHIEVE THIS, RACING LEATHERS
13
00:01:29,827 --> 00:01:32,896
ARE USUALLY CUSTOM MADE
BY A TEAM OF SPECIALISTS.
14
00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:35,137
THEY TAKE OVER 40 MEASUREMENTS
15
00:01:35,241 --> 00:01:37,413
AS THE RACER
ASSUMES DIFFERENT POSES.
16
00:01:39,310 --> 00:01:41,103
THE PATTERN MAKER
17
00:01:41,206 --> 00:01:43,379
TYPES THE MEASUREMENTS
INTO A COMPUTER.
18
00:01:43,482 --> 00:01:47,896
SPECIAL SOFTWARE CREATES
A PATTERN FOR THE SUIT.
19
00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:51,034
SHE ASSEMBLES THE PATTERN PARTS
ON THE SCREEN
20
00:01:51,137 --> 00:01:52,724
TO ENSURE THEY MATCH UP
21
00:01:52,827 --> 00:01:56,724
AND THEN SENDS THE DRAWINGS
TO A PRINTER.
22
00:01:56,827 --> 00:01:59,034
IT PRINTS
THE LIFE-SIZED PATTERNS
23
00:01:59,137 --> 00:02:01,931
ONTO LARGE SHEETS
OF THIN TRACING PAPER.
24
00:02:06,206 --> 00:02:08,137
A MEMBER OF THE TEAM THEN SPRAYS
25
00:02:08,241 --> 00:02:11,896
THE BACKS OF THE PAPER PATTERNS
WITH ADHESIVE.
26
00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:15,896
SHE PRESSES THE PATTERNS
ONTO SHEETS OF CARDBOARD.
27
00:02:19,310 --> 00:02:20,896
SHE CUTS OUT THE CARDBOARD
28
00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:23,310
FOLLOWING THE DESIGNS
ON THE PAPER.
29
00:02:23,413 --> 00:02:24,620
THE CARDBOARD BACKING
30
00:02:24,724 --> 00:02:27,517
GIVES THE PATTERNS
A MORE SUBSTANTIAL STRUCTURE.
31
00:02:30,068 --> 00:02:32,068
BEFORE CUTTING THE LEATHER,
32
00:02:32,172 --> 00:02:34,655
THEY CLAMP A SAMPLE
IN AN AUTOMATED TOOL
33
00:02:34,758 --> 00:02:38,068
THAT MOVES IT REPEATEDLY
ACROSS A PIECE OF SANDPAPER.
34
00:02:38,172 --> 00:02:40,827
THIS CONFIRMS THAT
THE LEATHER IS STRONG ENOUGH
35
00:02:40,931 --> 00:02:42,931
TO WITHSTAND
SIGNIFICANT ABRASION.
36
00:02:43,034 --> 00:02:46,448
THEY APPLY GRAPHICS
TO THE PATTERNS
37
00:02:46,551 --> 00:02:47,896
TO ESTIMATE THE PLACEMENT,
38
00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:50,827
AND THEN THEY'RE READY TO CUT.
39
00:02:50,931 --> 00:02:54,310
THE CUTTER CARVES INTO THE WHITE
LEATHER WITH A THIN BLADE.
40
00:02:54,413 --> 00:02:57,137
HE FOLLOWS THE LINES
OF THE PATTERN
41
00:02:57,241 --> 00:02:59,344
AND LEAVES A GENEROUS MARGIN.
42
00:02:59,448 --> 00:03:03,620
THE PARTS WILL BE CUT
MORE PRECISELY LATER.
43
00:03:03,724 --> 00:03:07,862
HE TRANSFERS THE LEATHER PANELS
TO A LARGE SHEET OF PAPER
44
00:03:07,965 --> 00:03:12,551
STRETCHED ACROSS THE BED
OF A PRINTING MACHINE.
45
00:03:12,655 --> 00:03:14,551
LIGHT GLUE APPLIED TO THE PAPER
46
00:03:14,655 --> 00:03:17,862
KEEPS THE LEATHER PIECES
IN PLACE DURING PRINTING.
47
00:03:17,965 --> 00:03:21,517
THE PRINTER'S JETS
SPRAY DESIGNS ONTO THE PARTS.
48
00:03:21,620 --> 00:03:22,689
IT USES INKS
49
00:03:22,793 --> 00:03:26,482
THAT HAVE BEEN SPECIALLY
FORMULATED FOR LEATHER.
50
00:03:28,793 --> 00:03:31,000
THE INKS
START TO DRY IMMEDIATELY,
51
00:03:31,103 --> 00:03:34,620
BUT THEY LEAVE THE PRINTED
LEATHER TO SET OVERNIGHT
52
00:03:34,724 --> 00:03:35,931
FOR A FULL CURE.
53
00:03:36,034 --> 00:03:39,034
NEXT,
USING A HINGED SCISSOR FRAME,
54
00:03:39,137 --> 00:03:41,724
THEY STRETCH AND EXPAND
AN ELASTIC FABRIC.
55
00:03:41,827 --> 00:03:45,206
A MEMBER OF THE TEAM
SPRAYS ADHESIVE
56
00:03:45,310 --> 00:03:47,793
ONTO THE BACK
OF A LEATHER PANEL.
57
00:03:47,896 --> 00:03:51,172
SHE PRESSES A PIECE OF KEVLAR
ONTO THE LEATHER,
58
00:03:51,275 --> 00:03:52,689
AND THIS REINFORCES IT.
59
00:03:52,793 --> 00:03:55,517
SHE THEN PLACES
THE KEVLAR AND LEATHER PANEL
60
00:03:55,620 --> 00:03:56,758
ON THE FABRIC
61
00:03:56,862 --> 00:03:59,517
THAT'S STILL PULLED TIGHT
IN THE SCISSOR FRAME.
62
00:03:59,620 --> 00:04:02,758
SHE STITCHES
THE LEATHER AND KEVLAR PART
63
00:04:02,862 --> 00:04:06,965
TO THE STRETCHED MATERIAL,
CREATING A RIBBED PATTERN.
64
00:04:09,758 --> 00:04:13,482
SHE NOW CUTS THE PANEL
TO ITS FINAL DIMENSIONS.
65
00:04:13,586 --> 00:04:15,551
THE ELASTIC FABRIC CONTRACTS,
66
00:04:15,655 --> 00:04:20,068
CAUSING THE LEATHER TO PUCKER
INTO ACCORDION-LIKE FOLDS.
67
00:04:20,172 --> 00:04:24,275
A SEAMSTRESS
STITCHES THE RIBBED PANEL
68
00:04:24,379 --> 00:04:27,448
TO THE BACK
OF THE MOTORCYCLE RACING SUIT.
69
00:04:27,551 --> 00:04:29,206
IT TAKES OVER 200 PARTS
70
00:04:29,310 --> 00:04:32,620
TO ACHIEVE
THE DESIRED SHAPE AND FIT.
71
00:04:32,724 --> 00:04:35,793
SOME OF THEM,
LIKE THESE SHOULDER PROTECTORS,
72
00:04:35,896 --> 00:04:38,793
ARE MADE OF MOLDED PLASTIC
AND FOAM.
73
00:04:38,896 --> 00:04:42,379
THEY'RE DESIGNED TO DISSIPATE
THE FORCE OF AN IMPACT.
74
00:04:44,413 --> 00:04:46,275
MEANWHILE, AT A TEST STATION,
75
00:04:46,379 --> 00:04:48,862
THEY SLAM WEIGHTS
INTO A MOLDED KNEE PAD
76
00:04:48,965 --> 00:04:52,310
AND MEASURE THE ENERGY
THAT PENETRATES.
77
00:04:52,413 --> 00:04:54,448
NOW A MEMBER OF THE TEAM
78
00:04:54,551 --> 00:04:58,068
INSERTS A PAIR OF PADS
INTO SUIT LEG POCKETS
79
00:04:58,172 --> 00:05:00,413
AND SECURES THEM WITH VELCRO.
80
00:05:00,517 --> 00:05:02,827
THE SUIT IS READY FOR AIRBAGS.
81
00:05:02,931 --> 00:05:05,862
SHE INSTALLS THEM
OVER THE SHOULDERS.
82
00:05:05,965 --> 00:05:07,310
SHE TUCKS THE MICROPROCESSOR
83
00:05:07,413 --> 00:05:09,448
AND GAS INFLATION CANISTERS
IN THE HUMP.
84
00:05:09,551 --> 00:05:13,896
THIS IS AN AERODYNAMIC PART
AT THE BACK OF THE SUIT.
85
00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:18,724
SHE CONNECTS THE SENSORS
AND POWERS UP THE AIRBAGS.
86
00:05:18,827 --> 00:05:21,517
L.E.D. LIGHTS ON THE SLEEVE
ILLUMINATE,
87
00:05:21,620 --> 00:05:25,103
INDICATING
THAT THEY'RE OPERATIONAL.
88
00:05:25,206 --> 00:05:29,551
WITH THE LEATHER SUIT COMPLETE,
THEY SEW A MICROFIBER LINER.
89
00:05:29,655 --> 00:05:31,862
THE LINER WICKS SWEAT
AWAY FROM THE BODY,
90
00:05:31,965 --> 00:05:34,379
MAKING THE SUIT COOLER TO WEAR.
91
00:05:37,241 --> 00:05:41,517
THE RACER SUITS UP
AND TESTS THE FIT,
92
00:05:41,620 --> 00:05:44,103
AND THEY MAKE
ANY FINAL ALTERATIONS.
93
00:05:44,206 --> 00:05:46,413
THESE RACING LEATHERS
ARE NOW READY
94
00:05:46,517 --> 00:05:49,344
FOR THE THRILLS AND SPILLS
OF THE SPORT.
95
00:06:01,931 --> 00:06:03,655
Narrator:
EVAPORATIVE COOLING TOWERS
96
00:06:03,758 --> 00:06:05,965
KEEP LARGE BUILDINGS
AND INDUSTRIAL MACHINES COOL.
97
00:06:06,068 --> 00:06:07,517
CIRCULATING LIQUID
98
00:06:07,620 --> 00:06:09,965
CARRIES THE EXCESS HEAT
TO THE COOLING TOWER,
99
00:06:10,068 --> 00:06:11,689
TYPICALLY INSTALLED ON THE ROOF.
100
00:06:11,793 --> 00:06:14,344
THE TOWER USES COLD WATER
TO COOL THAT FLUID,
101
00:06:14,448 --> 00:06:16,862
THEN TRANSFERS THE HEAT
TO THE ATMOSPHERE
102
00:06:16,965 --> 00:06:19,241
THROUGH AN EVAPORATION PROCESS.
103
00:06:21,206 --> 00:06:24,034
PUMPS MOVE THE FLUID
CARRYING THE EXCESS HEAT
104
00:06:24,137 --> 00:06:27,137
THROUGH THE COOLING TOWER'S
CLOSED-CIRCUIT COIL.
105
00:06:27,241 --> 00:06:30,413
NOZZLES SPRAY THE COIL
WITH COLD WATER.
106
00:06:30,517 --> 00:06:32,758
THE SPRAY WATER
ABSORBS THE HEAT,
107
00:06:32,862 --> 00:06:35,793
AND THE COOLED FLUID
RETURNS TO THE BUILDING.
108
00:06:35,896 --> 00:06:38,137
FANS BLOW AIR
ONTO THE NOW WARM SPRAY WATER
109
00:06:38,241 --> 00:06:41,137
TO EVAPORATE JUST ENOUGH
TO RELEASE THE HEAT.
110
00:06:41,241 --> 00:06:44,793
THEN THE COOLED WATER
LOOPS BACK TO THE SPRAY SYSTEM,
111
00:06:44,896 --> 00:06:47,206
AND THE CYCLE REPEATS.
112
00:06:47,310 --> 00:06:49,068
DEPENDING ON THE SIZE,
113
00:06:49,172 --> 00:06:52,724
THE COIL IS MADE UP
OF AS MANY AS 56 CIRCUITS.
114
00:06:52,827 --> 00:06:56,655
A CIRCUIT IS A ZIGZAGGED TUBE
ONE INCH IN DIAMETER.
115
00:06:58,413 --> 00:07:01,689
THE MILL FORMS A CONTINUOUS
STRAIGHT TUBE
116
00:07:01,793 --> 00:07:04,000
FROM A STRIP OF CARBON STEEL.
117
00:07:04,103 --> 00:07:07,034
THE ROLLERS PROGRESSIVELY CURVE
THE EDGES UPWARD
118
00:07:07,137 --> 00:07:09,586
UNTIL THEY JOIN AT THE TOP.
119
00:07:09,689 --> 00:07:11,379
THE LAST STATION ON THE MILL
120
00:07:11,482 --> 00:07:17,310
WELDS THE JOINED EDGES TOGETHER
TO FORM A CONTINUOUS SEAM.
121
00:07:19,517 --> 00:07:22,620
NEXT, WORKERS
TRANSFER THE STRAIGHT TUBE
122
00:07:22,724 --> 00:07:27,068
TO A SEMI-AUTOMATED TUBE BENDER,
WHICH FORMS IT INTO A CIRCUIT.
123
00:07:34,931 --> 00:07:37,310
DEPENDING ON THE SIZE
OF THE CIRCUIT,
124
00:07:37,413 --> 00:07:40,586
THERE CAN BE AS FEW AS 6 BENDS
OR AS MANY AS 18.
125
00:07:40,689 --> 00:07:44,137
TO MAKE A CIRCUIT WITH 18 BENDS
126
00:07:44,241 --> 00:07:49,068
CAN REQUIRE A STRAIGHT TUBE
THAT'S OVER 300 FEET LONG.
127
00:07:58,482 --> 00:08:02,551
ONCE ALL THE CIRCUITS ARE READY,
WORKERS STACK THEM ON A FRAME,
128
00:08:02,655 --> 00:08:05,862
THEN WELD THE TUBE ENDS
129
00:08:05,965 --> 00:08:09,758
TO THE CORRESPONDING HOLES
OF A STEEL PLATE.
130
00:08:09,862 --> 00:08:13,689
THEY CLOSE UP THE PLATE
WITH A COVER CALLED A HEADER.
131
00:08:13,793 --> 00:08:16,034
AFTER CLAMPING THE HEADER
IN POSITION,
132
00:08:16,137 --> 00:08:20,206
THEY WELD IT IN PLACE,
FORMING A PRESSURE-TIGHT SEAL.
133
00:08:25,103 --> 00:08:27,551
THE COIL
IS NOW FULLY CONSTRUCTED
134
00:08:27,655 --> 00:08:29,206
AND READY FOR TESTING.
135
00:08:29,310 --> 00:08:31,379
TECHNICIANS
SUBMERGE IT IN WATER,
136
00:08:31,482 --> 00:08:33,793
THEN PUMP AIR THROUGH
AT HIGH PRESSURE
137
00:08:33,896 --> 00:08:35,034
AND LOOK FOR BUBBLES,
138
00:08:35,137 --> 00:08:37,827
WHICH WOULD INDICATE
A LEAK IN A CIRCUIT.
139
00:08:37,931 --> 00:08:39,551
IF THEY DO FIND A LEAK,
140
00:08:39,655 --> 00:08:42,137
THEY EITHER REPAIR
OR REPLACE THE CIRCUIT.
141
00:08:42,241 --> 00:08:44,448
MEANWHILE, WORK IS UNDER WAY
142
00:08:44,551 --> 00:08:46,724
ON THE COOLING TOWER'S
MECHANICAL SECTION.
143
00:08:46,827 --> 00:08:50,448
A COMPUTER-GUIDED LASER CUTTER
PREPARES THE STEEL PANELS
144
00:08:50,551 --> 00:08:54,172
THAT MAKE UP THE SECTION'S
RUGGED STRUCTURE.
145
00:08:54,275 --> 00:08:56,793
WORKERS THEN BEND THE PANELS
WHERE REQUIRED
146
00:08:56,896 --> 00:08:59,689
WITH A MACHINE
CALLED A PRESS BRAKE.
147
00:08:59,793 --> 00:09:02,137
THEN, THEY ASSEMBLE THE PANELS
TO BUILD THE STRUCTURE.
148
00:09:05,068 --> 00:09:07,344
MEANWHILE,
ANOTHER TEAM HAS ASSEMBLED
149
00:09:07,448 --> 00:09:09,724
THE MECHANICAL SECTION'S
CEILING,
150
00:09:09,827 --> 00:09:11,275
WHICH HOUSES THE FANS.
151
00:09:11,379 --> 00:09:14,482
WORKERS LOWER THIS
ONTO THE STRUCTURE.
152
00:09:14,586 --> 00:09:18,068
INSIDE THE MECHANICAL SECTION,
THEY INSTALL THE BELT
153
00:09:18,172 --> 00:09:21,586
THAT LINKS THE MOTOR'S PULLEY
TO EACH FAN PULLEY.
154
00:09:24,586 --> 00:09:27,827
AFTER TIGHTENING THE BELT SCREW
WITH AN IMPACT WRENCH,
155
00:09:27,931 --> 00:09:29,241
THEY TEST THE FANS.
156
00:09:32,517 --> 00:09:35,862
MEANWHILE, THE COIL
HAS BEEN DIPPED IN MOLTEN ZINC
157
00:09:35,965 --> 00:09:38,689
TO MAKE IT CORROSION-RESISTANT.
158
00:09:38,793 --> 00:09:40,000
WORKERS MOUNT IT
159
00:09:40,103 --> 00:09:41,827
NEXT TO THE COOLING TOWER'S
MECHANICAL SECTION.
160
00:09:41,931 --> 00:09:44,551
THEY COVER IT
WITH A STEEL HOUSING
161
00:09:44,655 --> 00:09:48,655
AND INSTALL THE
WATER-SPRAY SYSTEM ON TOP OF IT.
162
00:09:48,758 --> 00:09:51,758
THE SPRAYED COLD WATER
ABSORBS THE HEAT
163
00:09:51,862 --> 00:09:54,827
FROM THE FLUID CIRCULATING
THROUGH THE COIL.
164
00:09:54,931 --> 00:09:57,655
THE FANS THEN COOL THE WATER
BY EVAPORATION
165
00:09:57,758 --> 00:10:01,172
AS IT FLOWS DOWNWARD
THROUGH A BUNDLE OF PVC SHEETS.
166
00:10:01,275 --> 00:10:04,827
THE MACHINE FIRST HEATS THE PVC
TO SOFTEN IT,
167
00:10:04,931 --> 00:10:07,793
THEN STAMPS IT
WITH THE MOLD PLATE.
168
00:10:07,896 --> 00:10:10,379
THIS IMPRINTS
A PROPRIETARY PATTERN
169
00:10:10,482 --> 00:10:11,862
OF PEAKS AND VALLEYS.
170
00:10:11,965 --> 00:10:13,206
THIS PATTERN IS THE SECRET
171
00:10:13,310 --> 00:10:15,758
TO THE EVAPORATIVE
COOLING PROCESS
172
00:10:15,862 --> 00:10:18,551
BECAUSE IT MOVES THE AIR
AND SPREADS THE WATER
173
00:10:18,655 --> 00:10:22,931
IN A WAY
THAT MAXIMIZES EFFICIENCY.
174
00:10:23,034 --> 00:10:26,068
WORKERS STACK THE SHEETS
ON POLE SUPPORTS
175
00:10:26,172 --> 00:10:28,896
TO CONSTRUCT A BUNDLE
OF 300 SHEETS.
176
00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:32,068
AFTER PLACING THE BUNDLE
IN A HOUSING,
177
00:10:32,172 --> 00:10:34,931
THEY INSTALL IT OVER A BASIN.
178
00:10:35,034 --> 00:10:37,103
THIS BASIN
COLLECTS THE COOLED WATER
179
00:10:37,206 --> 00:10:39,517
BEFORE IT'S PUMPED BACK UP
TO THE SPRAYERS
180
00:10:39,620 --> 00:10:41,241
TO REPEAT THE CYCLE.
181
00:10:41,344 --> 00:10:44,068
THIS COMPLETES THE COOLING
TOWER'S LOWER MODULE.
182
00:10:44,172 --> 00:10:46,413
THEY NOW MATE IT
WITH THE UPPER MODULE,
183
00:10:46,517 --> 00:10:49,724
CONTAINING THE FANS,
COIL, AND SPRAY SYSTEM.
184
00:10:49,827 --> 00:10:51,793
THIS EVAPORATIVE COOLING TOWER
185
00:10:51,896 --> 00:10:54,379
HAS MORE THAN 300 TIMES
THE CAPACITY
186
00:10:54,482 --> 00:10:57,689
OF A TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL
AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM.
187
00:10:57,793 --> 00:10:59,793
NOW, THAT'SPRETTY COOL.
188
00:11:09,620 --> 00:11:10,758
Narrator:
THE ROCKING CHAIR WAS INVENTED
189
00:11:10,862 --> 00:11:12,241
BACK IN THE 18th CENTURY,
190
00:11:12,344 --> 00:11:14,448
WHEN WHEN PEOPLE FIRST THOUGHT
OF PUTTING SKATES, OR ROCKERS,
191
00:11:14,551 --> 00:11:17,310
ON THE BOTTOM OF CHAIRS.
192
00:11:17,413 --> 00:11:20,000
THE TILTING MOVEMENT IT PRODUCES
193
00:11:20,103 --> 00:11:22,103
REMINDS US OF A CRADLE
OR A ROCKING HORSE,
194
00:11:22,206 --> 00:11:26,275
WHICH MIGHT BE WHAT MAKES
ROCKING CHAIRS SO COMFORTING.
195
00:11:28,862 --> 00:11:33,000
THESE STAINED JUMBO ROCKERS ARE
CANED IN A HERRINGBONE PATTERN
196
00:11:33,103 --> 00:11:36,103
WITH INDONESIAN RATTAN VINE.
197
00:11:36,206 --> 00:11:39,413
22 PIECES
OF SOLID APPALACHIAN RED OAK
198
00:11:39,517 --> 00:11:42,931
FORM THE FRAME AND THE BASE
OF THESE ROCKING CHAIRS.
199
00:11:43,034 --> 00:11:44,931
TO START,
200
00:11:45,034 --> 00:11:48,448
THE CARPENTER CONNECTS THE TENON
JOINTS OF THE STRETCHERS
201
00:11:48,551 --> 00:11:50,724
TO THE MORTISES
OF THE BACK FRAME
202
00:11:50,827 --> 00:11:53,310
AND HAMMERS THEM IN PLACE
WITH A RUBBER MALLET.
203
00:11:55,310 --> 00:11:57,482
A CANER DRAINS A COIL
OF BINDER CANE,
204
00:11:57,586 --> 00:12:00,344
WHICH IS SOAKED OVERNIGHT
TO MAKE IT MORE PLIABLE
205
00:12:00,448 --> 00:12:04,379
WHILE WEAVING THE BACK AND SEAT
OF THE ROCKING CHAIR.
206
00:12:04,482 --> 00:12:07,241
SHE UNCOILS
THE RATTAN VINE THREADS
207
00:12:07,344 --> 00:12:09,655
AND STARTS WRAPPING
THE BACK FRAME
208
00:12:09,758 --> 00:12:11,034
FROM BOTTOM TO TOP.
209
00:12:11,137 --> 00:12:14,103
THE WRAPPING AND WEAVING PROCESS
FOR EACH CHAIR
210
00:12:14,206 --> 00:12:15,655
LASTS ABOUT EIGHT HOURS
211
00:12:15,758 --> 00:12:19,827
AND REQUIRES ABOUT 2,000 FEET
OF RATTAN VINE THREADS.
212
00:12:21,482 --> 00:12:24,620
WHEN THE CANER REACHES THE END
OF A RATTAN VINE,
213
00:12:24,724 --> 00:12:28,931
SHE FASTENS A NEW COIL
TO THE FIRST ONE.
214
00:12:29,034 --> 00:12:31,000
SHE STAPLES THE THREADS TOGETHER
215
00:12:31,103 --> 00:12:34,586
AND CLOSES THEM TIGHT WITH
A PAIR OF NEEDLE-NOSE PLIERS.
216
00:12:34,689 --> 00:12:37,655
SHE CONTINUES WRAPPING
THE BACK FRAME.
217
00:12:42,482 --> 00:12:45,241
SHE TIGHTENS THE WRAPPING
AROUND THE FRAME,
218
00:12:45,344 --> 00:12:48,241
LEAVING NO GAP
BETWEEN THE CANE STRANDS.
219
00:12:48,344 --> 00:12:51,655
SHE THEN TUCKS THE FINAL STRAND
UNDERNEATH ONE OF THE RAILS.
220
00:12:53,689 --> 00:12:56,000
SHE NOW STARTS
THE WEAVING PROCESS
221
00:12:56,103 --> 00:12:57,758
MOVING FROM LEFT TO RIGHT,
222
00:12:57,862 --> 00:13:01,000
USING THE WRAPPING
AS A BASE GRID FOR THE PATTERN.
223
00:13:01,103 --> 00:13:05,517
EACH THREAD PASSES OVER THREE,
THEN GOES UNDER THREE.
224
00:13:05,620 --> 00:13:07,000
SHE TURNS THE FRAME OVER
225
00:13:07,103 --> 00:13:10,034
TO WEAVE THE BACK OF THE FRAME
IN THE SAME FASHION.
226
00:13:11,724 --> 00:13:15,448
THE CHALLENGE IS TO KEEP
THE WEAVING STRAIGHT AND SLEEK
227
00:13:15,551 --> 00:13:18,482
TO GIVE IT THE CLASSIC
HERRINGBONE FINISH.
228
00:13:18,586 --> 00:13:22,482
A CARPENTER ATTACHES SIDE
STRETCHERS TO THE FRONT POSTS,
229
00:13:22,586 --> 00:13:26,241
WHICH ARE ALREADY ASSEMBLED
TO THE FRONT ROUNDS.
230
00:13:26,344 --> 00:13:29,000
HE HAMMERS THE PIECES IN
WITH A RUBBER MALLET
231
00:13:29,103 --> 00:13:32,689
AND ASSEMBLES THE SEAT FRAME
WITH THE BACK POSTS.
232
00:13:32,793 --> 00:13:35,517
THERE'S NO NEED FOR GLUE.
233
00:13:35,620 --> 00:13:39,103
THE SEAT CANING WILL SOLIDIFY
THE ROCKER'S STRUCTURE.
234
00:13:39,206 --> 00:13:43,758
A CANER USES THE SAME RATTAN
VINE THAT WAS USED ON THE BACK
235
00:13:43,862 --> 00:13:45,724
TO WRAP THE SEAT FRAME.
236
00:13:45,827 --> 00:13:49,137
HE MAKES SURE THERE ARE NO GAPS
BETWEEN THE STRANDS OF CANE
237
00:13:49,241 --> 00:13:52,172
BEFORE HE STARTS WEAVING
THE HERRINGBONE PATTERN.
238
00:13:54,344 --> 00:13:56,517
HE WEAVES
THE OVER-UNDER PATTERN
239
00:13:56,620 --> 00:13:58,206
IN THE CENTER OF THE SEAT,
240
00:13:58,310 --> 00:14:00,896
WHERE THERE'S MORE SLACK
IN THE WRAPPING.
241
00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:03,896
THEN HE PUSHES THE THREADS UP
WITH A WOODEN WEDGE
242
00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:07,000
TO TIGHTEN THE CANING
AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.
243
00:14:09,620 --> 00:14:12,379
STRAPS REINFORCE
THE STRUCTURE OF THE CHAIR
244
00:14:12,482 --> 00:14:16,344
BEFORE THE SEAT FRAME IS CANED.
245
00:14:16,448 --> 00:14:18,551
TO ENSURE AUTHENTICITY,
246
00:14:18,655 --> 00:14:21,758
A CARPENTER BRANDS
THE LEFT ARMREST OF EACH CHAIR
247
00:14:21,862 --> 00:14:27,586
WITH THE ORIGINAL BRANDING IRON
USED BY THE COMPANY SINCE 1875.
248
00:14:27,689 --> 00:14:30,551
HE HAMMERS THE ARMREST
INTO THE BACK POST.
249
00:14:30,655 --> 00:14:33,344
THEN HE ALIGNS THE SPOKES
OF THE FRONT POST
250
00:14:33,448 --> 00:14:35,758
WITH THE HOLE IN THE ARMREST.
251
00:14:35,862 --> 00:14:39,137
A CLAMP KEEPS THE BACK
AND FRONT POST ALIGNED
252
00:14:39,241 --> 00:14:41,000
WHILE HE INSERTS THE ARMREST.
253
00:14:41,103 --> 00:14:43,862
A WOODEN WEDGE IN THE SPOKE
PREVENTS THE ARMREST
254
00:14:43,965 --> 00:14:47,172
FROM DISCONNECTING
FROM THE FRONT POST OVER TIME.
255
00:14:47,275 --> 00:14:52,689
THE CARPENTER HAMMERS IT IN
WITH A STEEL HAMMER.
256
00:14:52,793 --> 00:14:55,413
THE WEDGE
REPLACES THE NEED FOR GLUE
257
00:14:55,517 --> 00:14:59,620
AND ENSURES A SNUG FIT BETWEEN
THE ARMREST AND THE FRONT POST.
258
00:14:59,724 --> 00:15:03,000
THE CARPENTER SECURES
THE ARMREST TO THE CHAIR
259
00:15:03,103 --> 00:15:05,310
BY DRILLING
A SOLID BRASS CARRIAGE BOLT
260
00:15:05,413 --> 00:15:08,034
THROUGH THE BACK POST.
261
00:15:08,137 --> 00:15:10,344
WITH A BELT SANDER,
262
00:15:10,448 --> 00:15:14,379
HE LEVELS THE WEDGE
AND FRONT POST WITH THE ARMREST
263
00:15:14,482 --> 00:15:17,931
AND MAKES IT SMOOTH
TO THE TOUCH.
264
00:15:18,034 --> 00:15:21,689
BEFORE THE RUNNERS, OR ROCKERS,
ARE ASSEMBLED TO THE BASE,
265
00:15:21,793 --> 00:15:24,172
THE CARPENTER STAINS THE CHAIR.
266
00:15:24,275 --> 00:15:26,862
THE OIL-BASED STAIN
PROTECTS THE WOOD
267
00:15:26,965 --> 00:15:31,137
AND BRINGS OUT THE NATURAL GRAIN
OF THE SOLID OAK FRAME.
268
00:15:31,241 --> 00:15:35,172
THE STAIN IS THEN SEALED
WITH TWO COATS OF CLEAR VARNISH
269
00:15:35,275 --> 00:15:38,000
THAT WILL ENDURE
HIGH HUMIDITY LEVELS, SUN,
270
00:15:38,103 --> 00:15:40,862
AND CLIMATE CHANGES.
271
00:15:40,965 --> 00:15:43,931
THE CARPENTER ASSEMBLES
THE RUNNER TO THE BASE
272
00:15:44,034 --> 00:15:46,931
AND MEASURES THE DISTANCE
TO THE FRONT POST.
273
00:15:47,034 --> 00:15:51,551
THIS ENSURES AN EVEN ROCKING
MOVEMENT ON EVERY CHAIR.
274
00:15:51,655 --> 00:15:55,448
HE FASTENS THEM
WITH BRASS CARRIAGE BOLTS.
275
00:15:57,482 --> 00:16:00,655
THE FINISHED CHAIRS
WILL ENDURE THE TEST OF TIME
276
00:16:00,758 --> 00:16:03,275
AND PROVIDE
COMFORTABLE SEATING OPTIONS
277
00:16:03,379 --> 00:16:06,000
FOR BOTH INDOORS AND OUTDOORS.
278
00:16:17,241 --> 00:16:19,413
Narrator:
WHEELS WITH WIRE SPOKES
279
00:16:19,517 --> 00:16:21,793
RULED THE HIGHWAYS
UNTIL THE 1970s,
280
00:16:21,896 --> 00:16:24,517
WHEN THEY WERE REPLACED
BY CAST ALLOY ONES.
281
00:16:24,620 --> 00:16:27,413
BUT FACTORIES
STILL MAKE WIRE WHEELS
282
00:16:27,517 --> 00:16:29,758
FOR THE CLASSIC CAR MARKET
283
00:16:29,862 --> 00:16:34,758
AND FOR DRIVERS WHO WANT TO USE
THEM TO CUSTOMIZE THEIR RIDE.
284
00:16:38,344 --> 00:16:41,103
WIRE WHEELS
SUSPEND THE WEIGHT OF A CAR
285
00:16:41,206 --> 00:16:42,965
WITH FLEXIBLE METAL SPOKES
286
00:16:43,068 --> 00:16:46,103
ARRANGED IN
A SPECIFIC GEOMETRIC PATTERN.
287
00:16:46,206 --> 00:16:50,827
THEY START
WITH AN ALUMINUM ALLOY DISC.
288
00:16:50,931 --> 00:16:55,551
A FACTORY WORKER CLAMPS THE DISC
IN A METAL SPINNING MACHINE.
289
00:16:58,172 --> 00:17:03,586
THIS MACHINE SHAPES METAL
AS IF IT WERE A PIECE OF CLAY.
290
00:17:03,689 --> 00:17:07,206
IT SPINS THE DISC
AT A HIGH SPEED,
291
00:17:07,310 --> 00:17:10,482
WHILE A SERIES OF TOOLS
PRESS IT TO A ROUND FORM.
292
00:17:14,620 --> 00:17:19,586
IT TAKES 20 MINUTES TO TRANSFORM
THE FLAT DISC INTO A WHEEL RIM,
293
00:17:19,689 --> 00:17:22,206
COMPLETE WITH A BEAD
FOR THE TIRE.
294
00:17:25,655 --> 00:17:28,068
THE PROCESS
ALSO CAUSES THE METAL
295
00:17:28,172 --> 00:17:30,931
TO UNDERGO
MOLECULAR TRANSFORMATION,
296
00:17:31,034 --> 00:17:32,896
AND IT BECOMES STRONGER.
297
00:17:35,551 --> 00:17:38,275
AFTER POLISHING,
A WORKER MOVES THE RIM
298
00:17:38,379 --> 00:17:41,172
UNDER A TOOL
THAT PUNCHES DIMPLES IN IT.
299
00:17:41,275 --> 00:17:43,689
THE DIMPLES
WILL ACCOMMODATE NUTS
300
00:17:43,793 --> 00:17:46,517
THAT WILL BE USED
TO SECURE THE SPOKES.
301
00:17:46,620 --> 00:17:48,896
HE DRILLS INTO THE DIMPLES
302
00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:52,965
TO CREATE HOLES
FOR ATTACHING THE SPOKES.
303
00:17:53,068 --> 00:17:55,275
HE ANGLES THE HOLES SLIGHTLY
304
00:17:55,379 --> 00:17:58,724
SO THAT THE SPOKES
SIT CORRECTLY.
305
00:17:58,827 --> 00:18:01,275
HE STAMPS
THE WHEEL'S DESIGN NUMBER
306
00:18:01,379 --> 00:18:03,689
AND OTHER IDENTIFYING
INFORMATION
307
00:18:03,793 --> 00:18:06,310
INTO THE OUTER EDGE
OF THE WHEEL RIM.
308
00:18:09,379 --> 00:18:11,862
BY NOW, THE WHEEL'S
STEEL CENTERPIECE
309
00:18:11,965 --> 00:18:13,793
HAS ALSO TAKEN SHAPE.
310
00:18:13,896 --> 00:18:16,724
AN EMPLOYEE TURNS IT
FOR EVEN SPACING,
311
00:18:16,827 --> 00:18:19,655
AS A TOOL
REPEATEDLY PUNCTURES IT.
312
00:18:19,758 --> 00:18:21,793
THIS CREATES ROWS OF SMALL HOLES
313
00:18:21,896 --> 00:18:24,758
IN BOTH THE INNER RING
AND OUTER FLANGE.
314
00:18:24,862 --> 00:18:27,620
HE THEN DRILLS
THOSE HOLES LARGER
315
00:18:27,724 --> 00:18:31,896
TO PREPARE FOR THE SPOKES
TO BE ASSEMBLED TO THE PART.
316
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:34,724
AT THE NEXT STATION,
317
00:18:34,827 --> 00:18:37,241
A WORKER INSERTS SPOKES
INTO A PRESS
318
00:18:37,344 --> 00:18:40,275
THAT BENDS ITS ENDS WITH HOOKS.
319
00:18:40,379 --> 00:18:41,758
THE ANGLE OF THE HOOK VARIES
320
00:18:41,862 --> 00:18:43,724
DEPENDING ON THE PART
OF THE WHEEL
321
00:18:43,827 --> 00:18:46,586
THE SPOKE IS TO BE ASSEMBLED TO.
322
00:18:46,689 --> 00:18:49,137
HE ADJUSTS
THE SETTINGS ON THE PRESS
323
00:18:49,241 --> 00:18:51,724
TO ACHIEVE THE DIFFERENT BENDS.
324
00:18:55,551 --> 00:18:58,413
THEN IT'S OVER
TO AN AUTOMATIC BLADE
325
00:18:58,517 --> 00:19:00,827
THAT CUTS THE SPOKES TO LENGTH.
326
00:19:00,931 --> 00:19:02,896
THIS ALSO VARIES.
327
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:07,103
THEY CUT OUTER SPOKES LONGER
AND INNER ONES SHORTER.
328
00:19:10,862 --> 00:19:13,206
HE NOW PLACES
THE ENDS OF THE SPOKES
329
00:19:13,310 --> 00:19:16,586
IN A DEVICE THAT ROLLS THEM
AGAINST A CUTTING BLOCK.
330
00:19:16,689 --> 00:19:20,482
IT CARVES THREADS IN THE METAL
IN MERE SECONDS.
331
00:19:22,793 --> 00:19:26,620
WITH THE SPOKES NOW HOOKED,
CUT, AND THREADED,
332
00:19:26,724 --> 00:19:29,517
THE WIRE WHEEL
IS READY FOR ASSEMBLY.
333
00:19:32,758 --> 00:19:35,551
THE EMPLOYEE HOOKS
THE APPROPRIATE SPOKES
334
00:19:35,655 --> 00:19:38,034
INTO THE HOLES
IN THE CENTERPIECE.
335
00:19:38,137 --> 00:19:42,275
HE PLACES THE ALUMINUM RIM
AROUND THE CENTERPIECE.
336
00:19:42,379 --> 00:19:47,068
HE ATTACHES THE THREADED ENDS
OF THE SPOKES TO THE RIM
337
00:19:47,172 --> 00:19:49,862
USING STEEL NUTS
THAT FIT INTO THE TAPERED HOLES.
338
00:19:49,965 --> 00:19:53,896
HE SCREWS THEM
LOOSELY INTO PLACE.
339
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:56,655
HE CONFIGURES THE SPOKES
340
00:19:56,758 --> 00:19:58,655
IN A CRISS-CROSS
GEOMETRIC PATTERN,
341
00:19:58,758 --> 00:20:03,172
SPECIFIED BY THE ENGINEERS.
342
00:20:03,275 --> 00:20:07,620
THIS PATTERN IS DESIGNED
FOR STRENGTH AND FLEXIBILITY,
343
00:20:07,724 --> 00:20:10,241
BUT IT ALSO GIVES THE WHEEL
A VISUAL APPEAL.
344
00:20:13,689 --> 00:20:17,000
ONCE HE'S LACED ALL THE SPOKES
FROM THE CENTERPIECE TO THE RIM,
345
00:20:17,103 --> 00:20:19,413
HE TIGHTENS THE FITTINGS.
346
00:20:22,172 --> 00:20:26,310
THIS SECURES THE ASSEMBLY,
BUT IT'S NOT THE FINAL TORQUE.
347
00:20:28,275 --> 00:20:32,310
THEY NOW TRANSFER THE LOOSELY
ASSEMBLED WIRE WHEEL TO A SHAFT
348
00:20:32,413 --> 00:20:35,724
AND TURN A CRANK TO LOWER
THE CENTERPIECE WITHIN THE RIM.
349
00:20:35,827 --> 00:20:40,034
THIS BRINGS THE SPOKES
INTO THE CORRECT POSITION,
350
00:20:40,137 --> 00:20:43,275
AND A WORKER TIGHTENS THEM
SUBSTANTIALLY.
351
00:20:43,379 --> 00:20:45,655
ALL 72 OF THEM.
352
00:20:45,758 --> 00:20:48,448
HE DOES THE FINAL TWEAKING
BY HAND.
353
00:20:50,241 --> 00:20:52,068
SEVEN HOURS IN THE MAKING,
354
00:20:52,172 --> 00:20:54,896
THIS WIRE WHEEL
IS NOW READY TO ROLL.
355
00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:58,275
WITH THE RUBBER TIRE ATTACHED,
356
00:20:58,379 --> 00:21:02,413
HE SECURES THE WHEEL TO THE CAR
USING A SINGLE LARGE NUT.
357
00:21:02,517 --> 00:21:04,241
IT'S CALLED A KNOCKOFF NUT
358
00:21:04,344 --> 00:21:07,517
BECAUSE YOU SIMPLY KNOCK IT OFF
TO CHANGE THE TIRE.
359
00:21:07,620 --> 00:21:09,344
IT'S JUST ONE OF THE THINGS
360
00:21:09,448 --> 00:21:13,206
THAT MAKES THE WIRE WHEEL
A CLASSIC CHOICE.
28747
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.