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--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com
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CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
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Narrator:
THE BEST WAY TO PROTECT
YOUR BICYCLE AGAINST THEFT
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IS A HEAVY-DUTY LOCK.
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A U-LOCK IS
THE MOST SECURE OPTION.
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00:00:57,896 --> 00:00:59,896
UNLIKE A CABLE OR CHAIN LOCK,
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YOU CAN'T QUICKLY SEVER A U-LOCK
WITH A PAIR OF BOLT CUTTERS.
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IT TAKES
LARGE CONSPICUOUS TOOLS --
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NOT SOMETHING A THIEF CAN LIKELY
GET AWAY WITH UNOBSERVED.
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U-LOCKS COME IN VARIOUS SIZES
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SO THAT YOU CAN LOCK YOUR BIKE
TO DIFFERENT STRUCTURES
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FROM THIN BIKE RACKS
TO THICKER TREE TRUNKS.
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THE SHACKLE AND LOCK ARE MADE
OF HARDENED HIGH-ALLOY STEEL,
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WHICH IS RESISTANT TO CUTTING,
SAWING, AND TWISTING.
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TO SHAPE THE SHACKLE,
WORKERS LOAD STEEL BARS
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INTO A COMPUTER-GUIDED
BENDING MACHINE.
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THE MACHINE APPLIES
MORE THAN 25 TONS OF FORCE
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TO BEND THE BAR
IN THE SHAPE OF A "U".
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THE MACHINE ALSO NOTCHES
EACH END OF THE SHACKLE.
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THESE NOTCHES ARE WHAT RECEIVE
THE LOCKING BOLTS.
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TO MAKE THE STEEL HARD ENOUGH
TO BE TAMPER-PROOF,
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00:02:07,482 --> 00:02:09,724
THEY SEND THE SHACKLE
TO AN OUTSIDE FACILITY
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FOR HEAT TREATMENT.
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THIS DEMONSTRATION RE-CREATES
A SMALL PART
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OF THAT COMPLEX PROCESS,
WHICH IS TO HEAT THE SHACKLE
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TO ALMOST
1,500 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
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00:02:19,413 --> 00:02:21,793
TO REARRANGE
THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE,
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COOL IT IN OIL
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00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:25,689
TO SET THE HARDNESS
OF THAT REARRANGEMENT,
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00:02:25,689 --> 00:02:27,862
THEN REHEAT
AT MODERATE TEMPERATURE
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TO RESTORE THE FLEXIBILITY
THE STEEL LOST
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DUE TO THE PREVIOUS STEPS.
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WHEN THE SHACKLE RETURNS
TO THE FACTORY,
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A LASER MACHINE
PRECISION MEASURES
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00:02:37,862 --> 00:02:40,000
AND, IF NECESSARY,
CORRECTS THE DIMENSIONS
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AS PER SPECIFICATIONS.
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THEN THE SHACKLE IS DIPPED
IN DURABLE ANTI-CORROSION PAINT.
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ONCE THE PAINT DRIES,
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00:02:50,482 --> 00:02:54,103
AND AUTOMATED MACHINE SLIPS
A PVC TUBE OVER THE SHACKLE.
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00:03:05,172 --> 00:03:07,517
NEXT, THEY SCREW
A PLASTIC BRACKET
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TO ONE END OF THE SHACKLE.
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00:03:09,862 --> 00:03:11,724
THIS CONNECTS
TO A CORRESPONDING BRACKET
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00:03:11,724 --> 00:03:13,034
YOU SCREW TO YOUR BIKE FRAME
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00:03:13,034 --> 00:03:16,034
TO MOUNT THE LOCK ON THE BIKE
WHEN YOU'RE CYCLING.
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00:03:16,034 --> 00:03:18,965
THE RECTANGULAR BLOCK
THAT HOUSES THE LOCKING SYSTEM
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IS CALLED THE LOCK BODY.
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IT, TOO,
IS MADE OF HARDENED STEEL.
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00:03:23,413 --> 00:03:27,034
AN AUTOMATED PRESS PUNCHES HOLES
ON THE ENDS FOR THE SHACKLE
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00:03:27,034 --> 00:03:30,137
AND IN THE MIDDLE
FOR THE LOCK CYLINDER.
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THE LOCKING SYSTEM HAS A HOUSING
IN THE CENTER FOR THE CYLINDER.
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00:03:34,862 --> 00:03:37,379
WORKERS MOUNT TWO METAL PLATES
OVER IT.
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00:03:37,379 --> 00:03:39,482
WHEN YOU INSERT
THE SECURITY-CODED KEY
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IN THE CYLINDER AND TURN,
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00:03:40,827 --> 00:03:43,724
THE CYLINDER ROTATES
WITHIN THE HOUSING
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00:03:43,724 --> 00:03:45,379
AND THE PLATES MOVE APART,
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TRIGGERING OTHER COMPONENTS
TO LOCK THE INSERTED SHACKLE.
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00:03:48,896 --> 00:03:53,034
THE CYLINDER IS MADE OF BRASS,
A RELATIVELY SOFT METAL,
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SO THERE'S AN IMPENETRABLE
STEEL PLATE ON TOP
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00:03:55,965 --> 00:03:58,689
TO PREVENT A THIEF
FROM DRILLING INTO IT.
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00:03:58,689 --> 00:04:02,517
WORKERS GIVE THE CYLINDER
GROOVES A SQUIRT OF GREASE --
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00:04:02,517 --> 00:04:04,413
THE HOUSING, AS WELL --
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00:04:04,413 --> 00:04:08,344
THEN INSERT PINS
INTO THE GROOVES.
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00:04:08,344 --> 00:04:09,586
THESE ACT AS BLOCKERS,
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PREVENTING THE WRONG KEY
FROM OPENING THE LOCK.
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WITH THE CORRECT KEY,
THEY GIVE WAY,
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ENABLING THE CYLINDER TO ROTATE
WITHIN THE HOUSING.
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00:04:18,379 --> 00:04:20,068
THIS SPRING APPLIES TENSION
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00:04:20,068 --> 00:04:22,724
TO THE CYLINDER'S STEEL
AND DRILLING PLATE,
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KEEPING IT IN POSITION
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SO THAT THE KEY INSERTS
EASILY INTO THE CYLINDER.
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ON EACH SIDE, WORKERS INSERT
A LEVER AND BOLT.
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00:04:30,862 --> 00:04:33,034
WHEN YOU TURN THE KEY
TO THE LOCKED POSITION,
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THE LEVER PUSHES THE BOLT
INTO THE SHACKLE'S NOTCH,
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IMMOBILIZING THE SHACKLE.
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00:04:37,931 --> 00:04:39,965
THIS COMPONENT SPRING-LOADS
THE BOLT
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TO PREVENT THE INSERTED SHACKLE
FROM POPPING OUT
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PRIOR TO BEING LOCKED.
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00:04:44,758 --> 00:04:47,137
A PNEUMATIC MACHINE INSERTS
THE LOCKING SYSTEM
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INTO THE STEEL LOCK BODY.
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00:04:48,931 --> 00:04:53,034
A TWO-TONE PLASTIC COVER GIVES
THE U-LOCK A SNAZZY APPEARANCE
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00:04:53,034 --> 00:04:57,275
AND MAKES THE SURFACE EASIER
FOR THE CYCLIST TO GRIP.
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00:04:57,275 --> 00:05:00,034
HERE'S HOW THE LOCK WORKS.
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00:05:00,034 --> 00:05:02,310
WHEN YOU TURN THE KEY,
THE CYLINDER ROTATES.
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00:05:02,310 --> 00:05:05,034
THIS MOVES THE TWO PLATES
OVER IT OUTWARD,
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00:05:05,034 --> 00:05:07,344
TRIGGERING THE LEVERS
ON EACH SIDE
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TO HOLD THE BOLT
IN THE SHACKLE NOTCH,
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LOCKING THE SHACKLE IN PLACE.
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00:05:11,793 --> 00:05:14,896
EVERY LOCK UNDERGOES
AN OPENING AND CLOSING CHECK.
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00:05:14,896 --> 00:05:16,655
RANDOM SAMPLES ARE SUBJECTED
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00:05:16,655 --> 00:05:19,413
TO MORE EXTENSIVE
QUALITY-CONTROL TESTING.
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00:05:19,413 --> 00:05:22,827
IT TAKES 13 TONS OF CUTTING
FORCE TO BREAK THE STEEL --
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00:05:22,827 --> 00:05:26,172
FAR MORE THAN EVEN THIS
LARGER-THAN-TYPICAL BOLT CUTTER
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CAN APPLY.
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THIS TORSIONING MACHINE
MEASURES HOW MUCH TWISTING
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THE U-LOCK CAN WITHSTAND.
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00:05:32,448 --> 00:05:33,862
A BIKE-ROBBER
WOULD HAVE TO APPLY
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MORE THAN 350 POUNDS
OF FORCE WITH A CROWBAR.
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THE BIKE OWNER, ON THE OTHER
HAND, NEEDS ONLY THE CODED KEY.
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Narrator:
THE NATIVE NORTH AMERICAN TEPEE
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WAS DESIGNED TO BE A HOME
WHERE THE BUFFALO ROAMED.
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CENTURIES AGO,
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00:05:57,724 --> 00:06:00,689
TRIBES WERE CONSTANTLY
ON THE MOVE HUNTING THE BUFFALO,
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WHICH WAS THEIR MAIN SOURCE
OF FOOD.
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00:06:03,172 --> 00:06:05,137
EASY TO PACK UP AND REASSEMBLE,
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00:06:05,137 --> 00:06:07,413
THE TEPEE SERVED
AS A PORTABLE SHELTER
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00:06:07,413 --> 00:06:09,482
FOR THIS NOMADIC LIFESTYLE.
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TODAY, PEOPLE ARE REDISCOVERING
THE APPEAL
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OF A CONE-SHAPED TENT
WITH A COOK FIRE INSIDE,
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00:06:19,137 --> 00:06:24,000
AND THAT'S PUT THE TEPEE
ON THE COMEBACK TRAIL.
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NO NEED TO HAND-STITCH TEPEES
ANYMORE.
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00:06:26,344 --> 00:06:28,655
TODAY, THEY PRODUCE THEM
AT A FACTORY
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USING
INDUSTRIAL SEWING MACHINES.
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THEY START WITH THE FRONT PANEL.
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00:06:32,896 --> 00:06:35,413
IT'S THREE LAYERS
OF CANVAS AND VINYL.
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00:06:35,413 --> 00:06:39,000
THEY SEW DETAILS LIKE POCKETS
FOR POLES TO OPEN SMOKE FLAPS
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AND RECTANGULAR PATTERNS
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TO PREVENT STRETCHING
AND TEARING
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00:06:42,241 --> 00:06:44,965
FROM HOLES FOR LACING
THE FRONT OF THE TEPEE TOGETHER
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00:06:44,965 --> 00:06:47,034
WHEN PITCHED.
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00:06:47,034 --> 00:06:50,413
THE SEWER NOW CHOPS THROUGH
THE THREE LAYERS OF FABRIC
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00:06:50,413 --> 00:06:52,724
WITH A CHISEL
TO MAKE THOSE HOLES.
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00:06:52,724 --> 00:06:56,758
ANOTHER SEWER STITCHES STRIPS OF
BUFFALO HIDE TO THE DOOR OPENING
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00:06:56,758 --> 00:06:59,827
TO MAKE IT MORE RUGGED.
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00:06:59,827 --> 00:07:01,482
USING A PATTERN AS A GUIDE,
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00:07:01,482 --> 00:07:04,551
THE NEXT WORKER CUTS
ANOTHER PANEL ON A SLIGHT CURVE.
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00:07:08,586 --> 00:07:11,310
HE THEN PIECES TOGETHER
PANEL AFTER PANEL
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00:07:11,310 --> 00:07:14,206
TO CONSTRUCT
THE REST OF THE TEPEE CONE.
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00:07:19,551 --> 00:07:23,310
HE REINFORCES THE HEM
WITH HEAVY NYLON WEBBING.
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00:07:23,310 --> 00:07:26,655
HE TUCKS LOOPS BETWEEN
THE WEBBING AND THE FABRIC
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00:07:26,655 --> 00:07:29,310
AND SECURES THEM
WITH MORE STITCHING.
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00:07:29,310 --> 00:07:33,137
THE LOOPS WILL BE USED TO STAKE
THE TEPEE TO THE GROUND.
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00:07:35,172 --> 00:07:40,000
THE TEAM STRETCHES OUT
THE COMPLETED TEPEE COVER.
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00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:43,655
AN ARTIST MAPS OUT SOME LINES
FOR PAINTING ON THE FABRIC.
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00:07:43,655 --> 00:07:45,517
THERE'S 73 YARDS OF IT.
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00:07:45,517 --> 00:07:49,482
IT BECOMES A HUGE CANVAS
FOR TRADITIONAL ARTISTRY.
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00:07:49,482 --> 00:07:52,862
THE DESIGNS ARE
SOUTHWEST AMERICAN IN STYLE
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00:07:52,862 --> 00:07:54,517
AND HIGHLY SYMBOLIC.
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00:07:54,517 --> 00:07:58,068
CIRCLES CAN REPRESENT
PHASES OF THE MOON OR THE SUN.
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00:08:01,758 --> 00:08:04,068
A SAMPLE OF THE ARTWORK
HAS BEEN DRAWN UP BEFOREHAND
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00:08:04,068 --> 00:08:07,517
FOR THE CLIENT, AND THE ARTIST
REFERS TO IT AS SHE WORKS.
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00:08:07,517 --> 00:08:11,413
SHE BRUSHES EXTERIOR LATEX PAINT
THINNED WITH WATER
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00:08:11,413 --> 00:08:14,344
AROUND THE PERIMETER
OF THE DESIGNS.
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00:08:14,344 --> 00:08:16,655
THEN SHE SOAKS UP PAINT
ONTO A PAD
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00:08:16,655 --> 00:08:19,965
AND PRESSES IT TO THE FABRIC
WITHIN THE PAINTED LINES.
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00:08:19,965 --> 00:08:21,793
THIS AVOIDS BRUSHSTROKES
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00:08:21,793 --> 00:08:25,655
AND PRODUCES A FLAT FINISH
THAT ALMOST LOOKS LIKE DYE.
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00:08:27,655 --> 00:08:29,413
WITH THE ARTWORK COMPLETE,
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00:08:29,413 --> 00:08:32,655
THE TEPEE COVER NOW MAKES
A COLORFUL STATEMENT.
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00:08:34,482 --> 00:08:36,758
OUTSIDE, AN EMPLOYEE SHAVES
THE BARK OFF YOUNG TREES
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00:08:36,758 --> 00:08:38,931
TO PREPARE THE POLES.
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00:08:38,931 --> 00:08:41,310
THERE ARE 17 PER TEPEE.
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00:08:41,310 --> 00:08:43,068
EACH ONE IS 27 FEET TALL --
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00:08:43,068 --> 00:08:45,758
THE HEIGHT
OF A TWO-STORY BUILDING.
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00:08:45,758 --> 00:08:49,206
A TWO-PERSON TEAM NOW ARRANGES
THREE OF THE POLES
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00:08:49,206 --> 00:08:52,310
IN A SPECIFIC SEQUENCE
TO BUILD THE TRIPOD
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00:08:52,310 --> 00:08:55,310
THAT IS THE BASIC FRAMEWORK
OF THE TEPEE.
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00:08:55,310 --> 00:08:57,793
THE ASSEMBLER LASHES THE POLES
NEAR THE TOP
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00:08:57,793 --> 00:08:59,758
WITH THICK ROPE
AND A TIGHT KNOT.
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00:08:59,758 --> 00:09:05,655
HE LEAVES A LENGTH OF ROPE TO
DANGLE AS THEY RAISE THE TRIPOD.
160
00:09:05,655 --> 00:09:08,000
THE ROPE WILL COME IN HANDY
LATER ON.
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00:09:14,310 --> 00:09:16,965
THE ARRANGEMENT SITUATES
THE DOOR POLE
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00:09:16,965 --> 00:09:20,586
EAST TOWARDS THE RISING SUN
AND AWAY FROM WESTWARD WINDS
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00:09:20,586 --> 00:09:23,310
THAT COULD INTERFERE
WITH THE COOK FIRE.
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00:09:25,034 --> 00:09:27,482
THE TEAM PROPS UP
THE REMAINING POLES
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00:09:27,482 --> 00:09:29,344
BETWEEN THE MAIN TRIPOD POLES.
166
00:09:29,344 --> 00:09:33,310
THE FIRST TWO GROUPS OF POLES
FORM THE FRONT OF THE TEPEE,
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00:09:33,310 --> 00:09:35,793
AND A THIRD GROUP FORMS
THE BACK.
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00:09:35,793 --> 00:09:37,379
THE ASSEMBLER GRABS THE ROPE
169
00:09:37,379 --> 00:09:38,758
THAT STILL DANGLES
FROM THE CENTRAL TRIPOD,
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00:09:38,758 --> 00:09:40,241
AND, FROM THE GROUND,
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00:09:40,241 --> 00:09:45,000
WINDS IT AROUND ALL THE POLES
WHERE THEY MEET AT THE TOP.
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00:09:48,206 --> 00:09:50,448
THE LAST POLE IS CALLED
THE LIFTING POLE.
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00:09:50,448 --> 00:09:54,896
IT'S USED TO LIFT THE PAINTED
TEPEE COVER TO THE WOOD FRAME.
174
00:09:54,896 --> 00:09:58,827
THEY UNBUNDLE THE COVER
AND WRAP IT AROUND THE POLES
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00:09:58,827 --> 00:10:01,310
LIKE A BLANKET
AROUND A PERSON'S SHOULDERS.
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00:10:05,793 --> 00:10:07,517
ONCE THE FIT IS NICE AND SNUG,
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00:10:07,517 --> 00:10:09,689
HE LACES THE FRONT PANELS
TOGETHER
178
00:10:09,689 --> 00:10:12,793
USING WILLOW BRANCHES
FOR LACING PINS.
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00:10:12,793 --> 00:10:15,448
THERE ARE 18 PINS IN TOTAL
180
00:10:15,448 --> 00:10:19,379
FASTENED ABOVE AND BELOW
THE DOORWAY.
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00:10:19,379 --> 00:10:23,655
HE PEGS THE CANVAS TO THE GROUND
AND THEN INSTALLS TWO LAST POLES
182
00:10:23,655 --> 00:10:27,379
FOR OPENING AND CLOSING
THE SMOKE FLAPS FROM THE GROUND.
183
00:10:30,310 --> 00:10:31,655
TRADITIONAL IN DESIGN
184
00:10:31,655 --> 00:10:34,310
WITH MODERN-DAY MATERIALS
AND CONSTRUCTION,
185
00:10:34,310 --> 00:10:38,413
THE TEPEE IS STILL AN IDEA
WORTH PITCHING.
186
00:10:50,827 --> 00:10:53,482
Narrator: "CROISSANT" IS
THE FRENCH WORD FOR "CRESCENT."
187
00:10:53,482 --> 00:10:57,379
THIS FLAKY, CURVED ROLL IS
GENERALLY ASSOCIATED WITH FRANCE
188
00:10:57,379 --> 00:10:59,482
EVEN THOUGH MANY FOOD HISTORIANS
BELIEVE
189
00:10:59,482 --> 00:11:00,758
ITS ORIGINS ARE AUSTRIAN.
190
00:11:00,758 --> 00:11:02,965
REGARDLESS
OF WHERE IT CAME FROM,
191
00:11:02,965 --> 00:11:05,620
THE CROISSANT IS
A POPULAR BREAKFAST PASTRY
192
00:11:05,620 --> 00:11:07,620
IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD.
193
00:11:12,931 --> 00:11:16,034
PLAIN, WITH JAM,
OR DIPPED IN A CUP OF COFFEE,
194
00:11:16,034 --> 00:11:19,034
THERE'S NOTHING LIKE THE LIGHT,
FLAKY TEXTURE
195
00:11:19,034 --> 00:11:21,448
AND BUTTERY FLAVOR
OF A CROISSANT.
196
00:11:25,137 --> 00:11:27,275
THIS COMMERCIAL BAKERY MAKES
ITS CROISSANTS
197
00:11:27,275 --> 00:11:30,862
WITH SOFT-SPREAD MARGARINE
IN LIEU OF BUTTER.
198
00:11:30,862 --> 00:11:33,586
THE OTHER INGREDIENTS ARE YEAST,
VERY COLD WATER --
199
00:11:33,586 --> 00:11:35,862
BECAUSE WARM WATER
WOULD TRIGGER THE YEAST
200
00:11:35,862 --> 00:11:37,241
TO REACT PREMATURELY --
201
00:11:37,241 --> 00:11:44,724
SUGAR, A TOUCH OF SALT,
AND WHITE ALL-PURPOSE FLOUR.
202
00:11:48,448 --> 00:11:51,172
ALL THE INGREDIENTS
GO INSIDE AN INDUSTRIAL MIXER
203
00:11:51,172 --> 00:11:52,620
FOR 10 MINUTES --
204
00:11:52,620 --> 00:11:56,551
FIRST AT SLOW SPEED TO BLEND
EVERYTHING AND FORM THE DOUGH,
205
00:11:56,551 --> 00:12:00,413
THEN FASTER TO KNEAD IT.
206
00:12:00,413 --> 00:12:05,620
NEXT, THE STICKY, ELASTIC DOUGH
ENTERS THE MULTI-ROLLER MACHINE.
207
00:12:05,620 --> 00:12:06,931
AS AN AUTOMATED DISPENSER
208
00:12:06,931 --> 00:12:08,793
LIGHTLY DUSTS THE DOUGH
WITH FLOUR
209
00:12:08,793 --> 00:12:11,275
TO PREVENT IT FROM STICKING
TO THE EQUIPMENT,
210
00:12:11,275 --> 00:12:14,620
A SERIES OF 16 ROLLERS
PROGRESSIVELY FLATTENS THE DOUGH
211
00:12:14,620 --> 00:12:16,793
INTO A THINNER
AND THINNER SHEET.
212
00:12:16,793 --> 00:12:19,241
THE NEXT PROCESS, LAMINATION,
213
00:12:19,241 --> 00:12:23,137
IS WHAT CREATES
THE CROISSANT'S FLAKY LAYERS.
214
00:12:23,137 --> 00:12:25,103
THE FIRST STATION ON THIS LINE
215
00:12:25,103 --> 00:12:27,689
EXTRUDES 44-POUND BLOCKS
OF MARGARINE
216
00:12:27,689 --> 00:12:31,034
INTO A 2/10-OF-AN-INCH-THIN
SHEET.
217
00:12:31,034 --> 00:12:33,034
THE NEXT STATION LAYS
THE MARGARINE SHEET
218
00:12:33,034 --> 00:12:34,482
ON TOP OF THE THIN DOUGH SHEET
219
00:12:34,482 --> 00:12:38,172
THEN FOLDS THE ENDS OF THE DOUGH
UPWARD,
220
00:12:38,172 --> 00:12:41,517
ENVELOPING THE MARGARINE.
221
00:12:41,517 --> 00:12:43,379
THEN ROLLERS COMPRESS
THE OVERLAPPED DOUGH ENDS
222
00:12:43,379 --> 00:12:44,793
TO SEAL THE MARGARINE INSIDE
223
00:12:44,793 --> 00:12:49,413
AND FLATTEN THE WHOLE THING DOWN
TO ABOUT 4/10-OF-AN-INCH THICK.
224
00:12:49,413 --> 00:12:53,206
THE NEXT STATION REPEATEDLY
FOLDS THE DOUGH OVER ITSELF,
225
00:12:53,206 --> 00:12:54,965
THEN, WITH ROLLERS AGAIN,
226
00:12:54,965 --> 00:12:57,655
PRESSES THE LAYERS
INTO A THIN SHEET.
227
00:12:57,655 --> 00:13:00,655
THIS LAMINATING CYCLE REPEATS
OVER AND OVER AGAIN
228
00:13:00,655 --> 00:13:03,379
UNTIL EACH DOUGH BLOCK
COMING OFF THE LINE
229
00:13:03,379 --> 00:13:05,896
COMPRISES 243 LAYERS.
230
00:13:05,896 --> 00:13:08,896
PLASTIC WRAP KEEPS THE DOUGH
MOIST
231
00:13:08,896 --> 00:13:12,965
AS IT NOW UNDERGOES
EIGHT HOURS OF REFRIGERATION.
232
00:13:12,965 --> 00:13:16,206
THE COLD RE-HARDENS
THE BY-NOW SOFTENED MARGARINE
233
00:13:16,206 --> 00:13:18,724
AND LESSENS
THE DOUGH'S ELASTICITY.
234
00:13:18,724 --> 00:13:21,724
THE DOUGH IS NOW READY
FOR THE AUTOMATED MACHINE
235
00:13:21,724 --> 00:13:23,620
THAT FORMS THE CROISSANTS.
236
00:13:23,620 --> 00:13:27,758
THE FIRST ROLLERS PROGRESSIVELY
FLATTEN THE CONNECTED BLOCKS
237
00:13:27,758 --> 00:13:30,517
INTO A THIN SHEET.
238
00:13:30,517 --> 00:13:33,862
THEN ANOTHER ROLLER RUNS OVER
THE DOUGH HORIZONTALLY
239
00:13:33,862 --> 00:13:36,827
TO EXPAND THE SHEET
TO THE REQUIRED WIDTH.
240
00:13:36,827 --> 00:13:40,310
NEXT, CUTTERS DIVIDE THE SHEET
INTO SEVEN THIN BANDS,
241
00:13:40,310 --> 00:13:42,620
EACH ONE FOUR INCHES WIDE.
242
00:13:42,620 --> 00:13:46,000
THEN A ROLLER SURFACED
IN TRIANGULAR BLADES
243
00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:49,586
CUTS EACH BAND OF DOUGH
INTO TRIANGLES.
244
00:13:49,586 --> 00:13:53,103
A ROBOT SEPARATES THE TRIANGLES
245
00:13:53,103 --> 00:13:55,241
AND TURNS THEM ALL
IN THE SAME DIRECTION
246
00:13:55,241 --> 00:13:56,655
WITH THE FLAT SIDE FORWARD.
247
00:14:00,482 --> 00:14:03,689
A STOPPER RUNNING THE WIDTH
OF THE CONVEYOR BELT
248
00:14:03,689 --> 00:14:05,344
ALIGNS THE TRIANGLES
IN STRAIGHT ROWS
249
00:14:05,344 --> 00:14:06,482
FOR THE NEXT STATION,
250
00:14:06,482 --> 00:14:09,482
INSIDE WHICH
A DEVICE ROLLS EACH TRIANGLE
251
00:14:09,482 --> 00:14:12,862
INTO THE SHAPE OF THE CROISSANT.
252
00:14:12,862 --> 00:14:15,517
THE BAKERY'S TWO FORMING
MACHINES
253
00:14:15,517 --> 00:14:20,448
OUTPUT 50,000
RAW-DOUGH CROISSANTS PER HOUR.
254
00:14:20,448 --> 00:14:24,206
NEXT STOP -- THE PROOFER,
A STEAM CHAMBER INSIDE WHICH
255
00:14:24,206 --> 00:14:27,448
THE HEAT AND HIGH HUMIDITY
ACTIVATE THE YEAST.
256
00:14:27,448 --> 00:14:28,758
THE DOUGH RISES,
257
00:14:28,758 --> 00:14:32,068
AND BY THE TIME THE CROISSANTS
EXIT AN HOUR LATER,
258
00:14:32,068 --> 00:14:33,758
THEY'VE DOUBLED IN SIZE.
259
00:14:33,758 --> 00:14:36,793
THEY NOW BAKE FOR 14 MINUTES
IN A TUNNEL OVEN
260
00:14:36,793 --> 00:14:40,448
AT A TEMPERATURE
OF 350 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
261
00:14:40,448 --> 00:14:42,137
THE MOISTURE IN THE DOUGH
EVAPORATES,
262
00:14:42,137 --> 00:14:45,344
THE RESULTING STEAM, ALONG WITH
THE MELTING MARGARINE,
263
00:14:45,344 --> 00:14:48,103
PRODUCING AIR BUBBLES
WHICH SEPARATE THE LAYERS,
264
00:14:48,103 --> 00:14:51,034
CREATING
THAT SIGNATURE FLAKINESS.
265
00:14:51,034 --> 00:14:54,034
THE CROISSANTS
ARE NOW FULLY BAKED,
266
00:14:54,034 --> 00:14:57,206
GOLDEN BROWN, AND FRAGILE.
267
00:14:57,206 --> 00:15:00,034
SOFT RUBBER SUCTION CUPS
DELICATELY TRANSFER THEM
268
00:15:00,034 --> 00:15:02,068
TO A CONVEYOR BELT.
269
00:15:05,275 --> 00:15:07,586
THE BELT LEADS
TO A SPIRAL TOWER.
270
00:15:07,586 --> 00:15:10,724
BY THE TIME THE CROISSANTS
DESCEND TO THE BOTTOM,
271
00:15:10,724 --> 00:15:12,448
THEY'VE COMPLETELY COOLED.
272
00:15:12,448 --> 00:15:15,793
AS THEY TRAVEL TO PACKAGING,
273
00:15:15,793 --> 00:15:19,448
A QUALITY INSPECTOR PULLS
ANY MISSHAPEN CROISSANT.
274
00:15:22,965 --> 00:15:25,586
A MULTI-TASKING ROBOT SLAPS
AN ADHESIVE LABEL
275
00:15:25,586 --> 00:15:27,413
ON PLASTIC BAGS,
276
00:15:27,413 --> 00:15:30,241
COUNTS OUT AND DROPS IN
TWO DOZEN CROISSANTS,
277
00:15:30,241 --> 00:15:33,517
THEN SECURELY SEALS THE BAGS
TO LOCK IN THE FRESHNESS
278
00:15:33,517 --> 00:15:36,724
UNTIL THE CROISSANTS REACH
YOUR BREAKFAST TABLE.
279
00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:53,413
Narrator:
THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO,
SOMEONE INVENTED THE WHEEL.
280
00:15:53,413 --> 00:15:57,896
IN 1970, THIS FUNDAMENTAL
INVENTION WAS APPLIED TO LUGGAGE
281
00:15:57,896 --> 00:16:00,413
THANKS
TO AN AMERICAN LUGGAGE EXECUTIVE
282
00:16:00,413 --> 00:16:01,862
WHO CAME UP WITH THE CONCEPT
283
00:16:01,862 --> 00:16:04,655
WHILE CARRYING HEAVY BAGS
ON A TRIP.
284
00:16:04,655 --> 00:16:08,655
BY THE 1980s, VIRTUALLY
ALL LUGGAGE HAD WHEELS.
285
00:16:12,379 --> 00:16:16,310
TODAY, WE TAKE ROLLING LUGGAGE
WITH US EVERYWHERE WE TRAVEL.
286
00:16:16,310 --> 00:16:18,689
THEY TAKE THE HEAVY LIFTING
OUT OF A TRIP
287
00:16:18,689 --> 00:16:20,689
SO IT FEELS MORE LIKE
A VACATION.
288
00:16:20,689 --> 00:16:23,344
THESE HARD-SHELL ROLLING BAGS
289
00:16:23,344 --> 00:16:26,655
START
WITH POLYPROPYLENE PELLETS.
290
00:16:26,655 --> 00:16:28,896
IT'S A SYNTHETIC MATERIAL.
291
00:16:28,896 --> 00:16:31,551
THEY ADD A SMALL AMOUNT
OF COLORED POLYPROPYLENE PELLETS
292
00:16:31,551 --> 00:16:33,482
TO THE UNCOLORED ONES.
293
00:16:35,827 --> 00:16:38,413
THEY'LL ACT AS A DYE
FOR THE BATCH.
294
00:16:38,413 --> 00:16:41,206
THEY ALLOW THE MIX
TO DRY FOR AN HOUR,
295
00:16:41,206 --> 00:16:45,310
GETTING RID OF HUMIDITY THAT
WOULD FREEZE IN ICY TEMPERATURES
296
00:16:45,310 --> 00:16:47,896
AND CAUSE THE LUGGAGE
TO FRACTURE.
297
00:16:47,896 --> 00:16:51,000
THEY MIX AND MELT
THE POLYPROPYLENE PELLETS
298
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:53,137
INTO A THICK BLUE LIQUID.
299
00:16:53,137 --> 00:16:57,068
THEN IT'S OVER TO THE INJECTION
MOLDING SYSTEM.
300
00:16:57,068 --> 00:16:58,241
THE MOLDS CLOSE
301
00:16:58,241 --> 00:17:01,827
AND A NOZZLE INJECTS
THE LIQUID POLYPROPYLENE.
302
00:17:05,103 --> 00:17:07,448
THE MOLDS ARE EQUIPPED
WITH A COOLING SYSTEM
303
00:17:07,448 --> 00:17:10,103
SO THAT THE POLYPROPYLENE
HARDENS ALMOST INSTANTLY
304
00:17:10,103 --> 00:17:13,172
INTO A LIGHTWEIGHT
YET DURABLE MATERIAL.
305
00:17:13,172 --> 00:17:16,482
A PILE OF PELLETS BECOMES
HALF OF A LUGGAGE SHELL
306
00:17:16,482 --> 00:17:17,896
IN MERE SECONDS.
307
00:17:17,896 --> 00:17:22,137
A ROBOT TRANSFERS THE MOLDED
SHELL TO THE NEXT STATION.
308
00:17:24,482 --> 00:17:28,344
AN EMPLOYEE GLUES
THE COMPANY LOGO INTO A SLOT.
309
00:17:28,344 --> 00:17:31,689
TO ENSURE IT REALLY STICKS,
IT'S OVER TO THE LOGO MACHINE.
310
00:17:31,689 --> 00:17:33,517
IT USES HYDRAULIC ENERGY
311
00:17:33,517 --> 00:17:36,482
TO PRESS THE LOGO
FIRMLY INTO POSITION.
312
00:17:36,482 --> 00:17:40,275
HE NOW SCREWS A SERVICE HANDLE
INTO ITS MOLDED SLOT.
313
00:17:40,275 --> 00:17:42,482
THIS HANDLE IS FOR THOSE TIMES
314
00:17:42,482 --> 00:17:45,827
WHEN THE TRAVELER HAS TO LIFT
THE BAG BY HAND, UP STAIRS,
315
00:17:45,827 --> 00:17:47,275
OR ONTO A BAGGAGE BELT.
316
00:17:50,448 --> 00:17:53,620
THESE TRIANGULAR MOLDED PARTS
ARE THE SIDE FEET.
317
00:17:53,620 --> 00:17:55,965
THEY'LL KEEP THE LUGGAGE
UPRIGHT.
318
00:17:55,965 --> 00:17:58,620
HE FASTENS THEM
ONTO THE BASE OF THE SHELL.
319
00:17:58,620 --> 00:18:01,379
IT'S TIME TO CLOSE THIS BAG.
320
00:18:01,379 --> 00:18:03,655
HE ADDS THE OTHER HALF.
321
00:18:03,655 --> 00:18:07,310
HE THREADS A STEEL ROD
INTO HINGE HOLES
322
00:18:07,310 --> 00:18:10,137
TO HOLD THE TWO SHELLS TOGETHER.
323
00:18:17,655 --> 00:18:21,862
NEXT, THEY MOLD WHEELS
FROM NYLON.
324
00:18:21,862 --> 00:18:26,034
A ROBOT TRANSFERS THE WHEELS
TO ANOTHER PART OF THE MOLD.
325
00:18:26,034 --> 00:18:29,896
THE MOLD CLOSES AND A NOZZLE
PIPES IN HOT LIQUID RUBBER
326
00:18:29,896 --> 00:18:31,896
TO APPLY IT
TO THE ROLLING SURFACE
327
00:18:31,896 --> 00:18:33,517
OF THE WHEELS.
328
00:18:33,517 --> 00:18:36,896
THE RUBBER ADHERES TO THE NYLON
AND SOLIDIFIES.
329
00:18:43,172 --> 00:18:46,482
THEY ATTACH TWO WHEELS
TO A POLYPROPYLENE HUB
330
00:18:46,482 --> 00:18:48,482
FOR STABLE SWIVELING ACTION.
331
00:18:54,172 --> 00:18:58,931
A FACTORY WORKER NOW INSERTS
AN EXTENDABLE HANDLE.
332
00:19:01,310 --> 00:19:03,482
THEN, WORKING FROM THE INSIDE,
333
00:19:03,482 --> 00:19:06,000
SHE SCREWS THE HANDLE
TO THE LUGGAGE SHELL.
334
00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:08,689
SHE REINFORCES THE CONNECTION
WITH A METAL BRACKET,
335
00:19:08,689 --> 00:19:10,827
ENSURING
THAT THE EXTENDABLE HANDLE
336
00:19:10,827 --> 00:19:14,551
WILL HOLD FAST
EVEN WHEN THE LOAD IS HEAVY.
337
00:19:16,758 --> 00:19:18,896
SHE PLUGS THE WHEELS
INTO THEIR SLOTS
338
00:19:18,896 --> 00:19:21,965
IN THE BASE OF THE LUGGAGE.
339
00:19:21,965 --> 00:19:24,896
SHE SECURES THEM WITH SCREWS.
340
00:19:24,896 --> 00:19:30,413
THIS BAG IS NOW MOBILE WITH
360-DEGREE SWIVELING ACTION.
341
00:19:30,413 --> 00:19:35,517
THE NEXT EMPLOYEE INSTALLS THIS
WATER-RESISTANT RUBBER PIPING.
342
00:19:35,517 --> 00:19:39,275
IT WILL SEAL THE BAG
AND KEEP THE RAIN OUT.
343
00:19:39,275 --> 00:19:42,965
SHE PRESSES IT ONTO THE EDGE
OF ONE OF THE SHELLS.
344
00:19:46,965 --> 00:19:49,551
SHE ATTACHES BRACKETS
FOR HANGING DIVIDERS
345
00:19:49,551 --> 00:19:52,482
TO THE OTHER SHELL.
346
00:19:52,482 --> 00:19:56,000
SHE SNAPS THREE SIDE-LOCKS
AND ONE CENTRAL COMBINATION LOCK
347
00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:59,689
ONTO THE BAG.
348
00:19:59,689 --> 00:20:02,724
SHE SCREWS DOWN
THE HANGING DIVIDER BRACKETS.
349
00:20:02,724 --> 00:20:06,620
THE FABRIC LINER, WITH ITS
ZIPPERED POCKETS, GOES IN NEXT.
350
00:20:09,862 --> 00:20:14,275
THE ELASTIC DIVIDERS EXTEND FROM
IT TO ATTACH TO THE BRACKETS.
351
00:20:16,517 --> 00:20:18,965
IT'S TIME FOR THE TUMBLE TEST.
352
00:20:18,965 --> 00:20:22,068
A TECHNICIAN PLACES THE LUGGAGE
IN A ROLLING STEEL DRUM,
353
00:20:22,068 --> 00:20:24,620
AND IT BOUNCES AROUND.
354
00:20:24,620 --> 00:20:27,068
THEY CONDUCT THIS TEST
ON A RANDOM BAG
355
00:20:27,068 --> 00:20:28,551
EVERY NOW AND THEN
356
00:20:28,551 --> 00:20:32,413
TO CONFIRM THAT THE LUGGAGE
WILL BEAR UP TO ROUGH HANDLING.
357
00:20:32,413 --> 00:20:37,000
AND WITH THAT, THESE BAGS
ARE READY FOR A VACATION.
358
00:20:51,827 --> 00:20:53,758
IF YOU HAVE ANY COMMENTS
ABOUT THE SHOW,
359
00:20:53,758 --> 00:20:56,517
OR IF YOU'D LIKE TO SUGGEST
TOPICS FOR FUTURE SHOWS,
360
00:20:56,517 --> 00:20:58,862
DROP US A LINE AT...
28985
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