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--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com
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00:00:05,034 --> 00:00:08,000
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
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Narrator:
FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS,
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RIDERS HAVE
COMMUNICATED WITH HORSES
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BY INSERTING A BIT
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00:00:58,448 --> 00:01:01,206
IN THE SENSITIVE AREA
OF THE ANIMAL'S MOUTH
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00:01:01,206 --> 00:01:04,793
AND MANIPULATING IT TO STEER HIM
IN THE DESIRED DIRECTION.
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00:01:04,793 --> 00:01:08,758
THE FIRST BITS WERE MADE
OF ROPE, WOOD, AND EVEN BONE.
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00:01:08,758 --> 00:01:12,206
OVER TIME, BITS HAVE BECOME
FAR MORE ELABORATE.
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00:01:15,896 --> 00:01:18,206
WITH SILVER
AND GOLD EMBELLISHMENTS,
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00:01:18,206 --> 00:01:21,620
THESE WESTERN-STYLE BITS ARE
DEFINITELY AN EXTRAVAGANCE.
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00:01:24,034 --> 00:01:25,758
BUT SERIOUS RIDERS DON'T MIND
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PUTTING THEIR MONEY
WHERE THEIR HORSE'S MOUTH IS.
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TO MAKE A BIT,
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THE MAKER FIRST POUNDS HIS NAME
ONTO A CURVED STEEL PIECE.
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00:01:36,965 --> 00:01:40,655
THIS IS THE PART OF THE BIT
THAT THE REINS ATTACH TO.
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HE STAMPS ONE LETTER AT A TIME
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TO MAKE THE LETTERING FIT
THE CURVATURE OF THIS PART.
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HE AIMS A TORCH AT THE CENTER
OF A STEEL BAR TO SOFTEN IT
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00:01:53,034 --> 00:01:56,344
SO IT CAN BE BENT
ENTIRELY BY HAND.
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00:01:56,344 --> 00:01:58,172
HE BENDS THE STEEL
AROUND FIXTURES
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00:01:58,172 --> 00:02:01,724
TO SHAPE IT INTO
THE BIT MOUTHPIECE.
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00:02:01,724 --> 00:02:04,413
THE MOUTHPIECE WILL REST
ON THE HORSE'S TONGUE
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00:02:04,413 --> 00:02:06,344
AND THE TOOTHLESS SECTIONS
OF THE MOUTH
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BETWEEN THE FRONT
AND BACK TEETH.
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THE SIZE AND CONTOURS
MUST BE EXACT
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00:02:11,517 --> 00:02:15,103
IN ORDER FOR IT TO SIT PROPERLY
IN THE HORSE'S MOUTH.
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HE POUNDS THE PART
THAT WILL LIE ON THE TONGUE
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TO GIVE IT A DOWNWARD CURVE.
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HE TRIMS AND SHAPES
THE MOUTHPIECE A LITTLE MORE
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00:02:25,068 --> 00:02:28,724
AND POLISHES IT UNTIL IT GLEAMS.
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00:02:28,724 --> 00:02:31,206
HE INSERTS STEEL BALLS
IN BOTH ENDS
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AND TACK-WELDS THEM
TO THE MOUTHPIECE.
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THE BALLS ARE
PART OF A HINGE MECHANISM.
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00:02:39,758 --> 00:02:42,965
HE NOW PERMANENTLY WELDS
THE BALLS TO THE MOUTHPIECE.
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NEXT, HE INSTALLS
A COPPER ROLLER
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ON THE MOUTHPIECE.
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THE ROLLER WILL ACT
AS A KIND OF SOOTHER,
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00:02:51,241 --> 00:02:53,827
PROVIDING AN OUTLET
FOR NERVOUS TONGUE ACTION.
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00:02:55,689 --> 00:02:58,000
HE SANDS
THE END OF A CURVED STEEL ROD
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TO BEVEL THE EDGE.
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IT WILL BE PART
OF ONE OF THE BIT'S SHANKS.
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00:03:03,379 --> 00:03:06,793
HE PLACES THE TOP PART
OF THE BIT SHANK IN A FIXTURE,
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00:03:06,793 --> 00:03:10,275
FOLLOWED BY THREE CURVED RODS
AND A RING FOR THE REINS.
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00:03:13,344 --> 00:03:18,103
NOW, PERFECTLY ALIGNED,
HE WELDS ALL THE PARTS TOGETHER.
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THIS BIT SHANK IS NOW READY
FOR SOME DECORATIVE TOUCHES.
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HE WELDS TINY BEADS
OF STAINLESS STEEL TO THE SHANK,
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00:03:27,448 --> 00:03:30,931
MAKING IT LOOK LIKE
A ROW OF PEARLS.
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00:03:30,931 --> 00:03:35,310
HE GIVES THE BIT'S SECOND SHANK
THE SAME BEADED LOOK.
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HE ASSEMBLES THE SHANK TO
THE TWO ENDS OF THE MOUTHPIECE.
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THE TWO SHANKS ARE ORNAMENTAL,
YET FUNCTIONAL,
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CONNECTING THE BIT MOUTHPIECE
TO THE BRIDLE AND REINS.
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HE WELDS THE HINGE PINS
TO THE SHANKS.
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NEXT, AN ENGRAVER CUTS
DECORATIVE SHAPES
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IN STERLING SILVER,
WRIGGLING THE TOOL
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FOR A ZIGZAG EFFECT
AROUND THE EDGES.
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00:04:04,206 --> 00:04:06,241
HE CARVES SWIRLS ONTO IT.
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00:04:06,241 --> 00:04:10,310
IT TAKES YEARS OF PRACTICE
TO PERFECT THIS ARTISTRY.
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00:04:10,310 --> 00:04:14,310
ONE FALSE MOVE
AND HE'D RUIN THE PART.
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00:04:14,310 --> 00:04:16,517
ONCE THE ENGRAVING IS COMPLETE,
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00:04:16,517 --> 00:04:20,482
HE BRUSHES AN ACID
CLEANING SOLUTION ON THE BACK.
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00:04:20,482 --> 00:04:23,206
HE THEN MELTS
A TIN-AND-SILVER ALLOY
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00:04:23,206 --> 00:04:26,827
AND APPLIES IT TO THE BACK
OF THE ENGRAVED PIECE,
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SPREADING IT
FOR MAXIMUM COVERAGE.
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THIS MOLTEN METAL
WILL SERVE AS A SOLDER
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TO FUSE THE ENGRAVED PART
TO THE SHANK.
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TO PREPARE THE SHANK,
HE HEATS IT FROM THE BOTTOM
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00:04:40,068 --> 00:04:43,000
AND CLEANS IT
WITH MORE OF THE ACID SOLUTION.
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HE APPLIES MORE SOLDER
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00:04:45,172 --> 00:04:47,793
AND TRANSFERS
THE ENGRAVED SILVER
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TO THE BIT SHANK.
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00:04:52,931 --> 00:04:56,655
HE REHEATS THE SHANK TO ENSURE
THE SOLDER IS COMPLETELY MOLTEN
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BEFORE COOLING
AND FUSING THE PARTS TOGETHER.
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00:05:01,827 --> 00:05:04,620
THE ENGRAVING IS NOW ONE
WITH THE SHANK,
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00:05:04,620 --> 00:05:07,275
AND HE WASHES IT
WITH CLEAR TAP WATER.
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00:05:10,620 --> 00:05:13,379
AFTER HE SOLDERS
MORE ENGRAVINGS TO THE BIT,
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HE POLISHES THE SILVER
UNTIL IT GLEAMS.
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00:05:20,517 --> 00:05:22,965
NOW, THE BIT JUST NEEDS
THE HEADSTALL.
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00:05:22,965 --> 00:05:24,620
THAT'S THE LEATHER HARNESS
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00:05:24,620 --> 00:05:27,172
THAT HOLDS THE BIT
IN THE HORSE'S MOUTH.
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00:05:28,689 --> 00:05:32,655
HE SLIPS THE HEADSTALL TABS
INTO RINGS ON THE BIT'S SHANKS
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00:05:32,655 --> 00:05:36,310
AND SCREWS THE ENDS OF EACH TAB
VERY TIGHTLY TOGETHER.
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00:05:37,758 --> 00:05:39,482
CRAFTED ENTIRELY BY HAND,
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00:05:39,482 --> 00:05:42,965
IT TAKES A COUPLE OF DAYS
TO MAKE ONE OF THESE BITS.
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00:05:42,965 --> 00:05:45,103
AFTER THAT,
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00:05:45,103 --> 00:05:47,241
IT'S TIME TO TAKE IT
FOR A TEST TROT.
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00:06:00,482 --> 00:06:03,793
Narrator: BREAKFAST CEREAL IS
MOST COMMONLY MADE
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FROM SUCH GRAINS AS WHEAT,
CORN, RICE, AND OATS.
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OATS ARE A POPULAR CHOICE
FOR HEALTH REASONS.
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00:06:10,103 --> 00:06:13,310
THEY CONTAIN A SOLUBLE FIBER
CALLED BETA-GLUCAN,
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00:06:13,310 --> 00:06:15,344
WHICH, WHEN CONSUMED REGULARLY,
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HELPS MAINTAIN
NORMAL BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELS.
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THESE TASTY LITTLE OAT "O"s
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COME READY TO EAT
IN A BOWL WITH MILK
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00:06:28,172 --> 00:06:32,517
OR DRY AS AN EASY
AND PORTABLE CRUNCHY SNACK.
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AT THE CEREAL FACTORY,
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PRODUCTION BEGINS
WITH THE BULK INGREDIENTS,
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MAINLY OAT FLOUR
AND WHEAT STARCH.
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00:06:39,896 --> 00:06:42,758
AFTER THE MIXER BLENDS
THESE INGREDIENTS THOROUGHLY,
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00:06:42,758 --> 00:06:44,413
AN AIR-DRIVEN TUBULAR CONVEYER
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TRANSFERS THEM
TO THE NEXT STATION,
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WHICH BLENDS IN
THE LESSER-QUANTITY INGREDIENTS,
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00:06:49,275 --> 00:06:50,896
PRIMARILY SALT
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00:06:50,896 --> 00:06:53,655
AND FORTIFYING MINERALS
SUCH AS CALCIUM.
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00:06:53,655 --> 00:06:55,586
THE ENTIRE DRY MIX IS SIFTED,
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00:06:55,586 --> 00:06:58,172
THEN TRANSFERRED
TO THE NEXT STATION,
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00:06:58,172 --> 00:07:01,241
WHICH ADDS WATER
TO TRANSFORM IT INTO DOUGH.
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THEN THE MACHINE COOKS THE DOUGH
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00:07:03,034 --> 00:07:05,896
BY HEATING IT WITH STEAM
FOR APPROXIMATELY A MINUTE.
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00:07:08,172 --> 00:07:11,241
AN EXTRUSION MACHINE
NOW COMPRESSES THE DOUGH
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00:07:11,241 --> 00:07:14,206
AND FORCES IT THROUGH
A STAINLESS-STEEL FORMING DIE.
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00:07:16,689 --> 00:07:18,310
THE FORMING DIE IS A LARGE DISC
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WITH HUNDREDS
OF LITTLE "O"-SHAPED HOLES.
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THE DOUGH EXITS THE DIE HOLES
AS LONG "O"-SHAPED TUBES,
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00:07:29,551 --> 00:07:32,724
WHICH KNIVES THEN CUT
INTO INDIVIDUAL "O"s.
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00:07:35,413 --> 00:07:36,689
AT THIS POINT,
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THE CEREAL'S MOISTURE CONTENT
IS ABOUT 30%.
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00:07:40,137 --> 00:07:42,758
IN ORDER FOR THE "O"s
TO BE CRUNCHY,
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00:07:42,758 --> 00:07:45,241
THAT HAS TO BE REDUCED
TO ABOUT 3%.
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00:07:48,482 --> 00:07:51,241
SO THE NEXT STATION
SPREADS THEM OUT ON A CONVEYER,
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00:07:51,241 --> 00:07:53,793
WHICH TRAVELS THROUGH
A WARM-AIR DRYING TUNNEL
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00:07:53,793 --> 00:07:55,827
FOR ABOUT AN HOUR.
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00:08:00,689 --> 00:08:02,620
WHEN THE CEREAL EXITS THE DRYER,
124
00:08:02,620 --> 00:08:07,413
THE MOISTURE CONTENT IS
DOWN TO ABOUT 11%.
125
00:08:07,413 --> 00:08:09,862
THE NEXT OPERATION IS
SO TOP-SECRET,
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THE COMPANY WON'T
LET US SHOW IT.
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00:08:12,103 --> 00:08:13,896
IT'S CALLED EXPANSION.
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00:08:13,896 --> 00:08:18,310
A HEATING PROCESS TURNS THE
MOISTURE IN THE "O"s TO STEAM.
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00:08:18,310 --> 00:08:21,275
THIS EXPANDING STEAM
PUFFS THE "O"s
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00:08:21,275 --> 00:08:24,172
MUCH THE WAY
HOT AIR POPS POPCORN.
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00:08:24,172 --> 00:08:27,724
THIS IS WHAT THE "O"s LOOK LIKE
PRIOR TO EXPANSION...
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00:08:27,724 --> 00:08:30,413
AND AFTER.
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00:08:30,413 --> 00:08:33,551
THEY LIGHTEN IN COLOR
DUE TO THE AIR INSIDE.
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00:08:35,482 --> 00:08:39,172
NEXT,
THE CEREAL TRAVELS OVER SCREENS.
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00:08:39,172 --> 00:08:42,896
THE MESH IS JUST THE RIGHT SIZE
TO LET THE "O"s REMAIN ON TOP,
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00:08:42,896 --> 00:08:45,620
AND ANY SMALLER, BROKEN PIECES
FALL THROUGH.
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00:08:49,103 --> 00:08:52,551
NOW THE CEREAL ENTERS
THE COATING STATION.
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00:08:52,551 --> 00:08:55,413
THE COATING IS A COMBINATION
OF SUGAR AND WATER,
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00:08:55,413 --> 00:08:56,931
WITH WATER BOILED OUT
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00:08:56,931 --> 00:09:00,103
TO REDUCE THE MIXTURE
TO A CONCENTRATED SYRUP.
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00:09:01,586 --> 00:09:04,310
THE CEREAL ENTERS
A COATING DRUM.
142
00:09:04,310 --> 00:09:08,517
INSIDE, TWO NOZZLES SPRAY
THE SYRUP ON THE "O"s.
143
00:09:08,517 --> 00:09:10,310
CONTINUAL ROTATION ENSURES
144
00:09:10,310 --> 00:09:13,000
THE APPLICATION IS
THOROUGH AND EVEN.
145
00:09:16,758 --> 00:09:20,068
TO DRY THE COATING
AND FURTHER DRY THE CEREAL,
146
00:09:20,068 --> 00:09:23,034
THE "O"s NOW TRAVEL ON A BELT
THROUGH ANOTHER WARM-AIR DRYER
147
00:09:23,034 --> 00:09:25,482
FOR ABOUT 20 MINUTES.
148
00:09:25,482 --> 00:09:28,275
THIS REDUCES
THE CEREAL'S MOISTURE CONTENT
149
00:09:28,275 --> 00:09:31,000
TO THE TARGET LEVEL OF 3%.
150
00:09:38,551 --> 00:09:40,000
FOR QUALITY CONTROL,
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00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:43,931
THE FACTORY REGULARLY TESTS
SAMPLES OF THE FINISHED PRODUCT.
152
00:09:45,620 --> 00:09:49,000
FIRST MEASURING
THE MOISTURE CONTENT...
153
00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:50,724
THEN CHECKING THE DENSITY,
154
00:09:50,724 --> 00:09:54,586
WHICH IS CALCULATED BY WEIGHING
A SPECIFIC QUANTITY OF CEREAL.
155
00:10:04,344 --> 00:10:06,724
ASSUMING EVERYTHING CHECKS OUT,
156
00:10:06,724 --> 00:10:09,413
THE CEREAL PROCEEDS
TO PACKAGING.
157
00:10:11,344 --> 00:10:15,137
THE PACKAGING MACHINE FEEDS
PLASTIC FILM AROUND A FILL TUBE,
158
00:10:15,137 --> 00:10:17,551
WHICH DROPS IN
20 OUNCES OF CEREAL.
159
00:10:19,344 --> 00:10:21,034
HEAT SEALS THE TOP OF THE BAG
160
00:10:21,034 --> 00:10:24,206
AS WELL AS THE BOTTOM
OF WHAT WILL BE THE NEXT BAG,
161
00:10:24,206 --> 00:10:27,275
THEN CUTS THE FILLED BAG LOOSE
TO THE CONVEYER BELT BELOW.
162
00:10:27,275 --> 00:10:30,137
IT PASSES THE BAGS
THROUGH A METAL DETECTOR
163
00:10:30,137 --> 00:10:33,241
TO ENSURE NO FOREIGN OBJECT
FELL IN ACCIDENTALLY
164
00:10:33,241 --> 00:10:35,172
DURING PRODUCTION.
165
00:10:35,172 --> 00:10:39,310
THE NEXT MACHINE SLIDES EACH BAG
INTO A CEREAL CARTON,
166
00:10:39,310 --> 00:10:42,586
STAMPS ON THE EIGHT-MONTH
"BEST BEFORE" DATE,
167
00:10:42,586 --> 00:10:46,551
THEN SEALS THE CARTON FLAP SHUT
WITH FOOD-GRADE HOT GLUE.
168
00:10:46,551 --> 00:10:49,344
AS EACH BOX OF CEREAL
EXITS THE PRODUCTION LINE,
169
00:10:49,344 --> 00:10:52,000
IT PASSES OVER
WHAT'S CALLED A CHECK WEIGHER,
170
00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:54,482
A SCALE WHICH ENSURES
THE PACKAGE CONTAINS
171
00:10:54,482 --> 00:10:57,827
THE CORRECT QUANTITY
OF OAT CEREAL.
172
00:11:08,275 --> 00:11:11,827
Narrator: TURQUOIS JEWELRY HAS
ADORNED THE HUMAN FORM
173
00:11:11,827 --> 00:11:13,448
FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
174
00:11:13,448 --> 00:11:16,413
WORN BY EGYPTIAN PHARAOHS
AND AZTEC KINGS,
175
00:11:16,413 --> 00:11:19,172
TURQUOIS WAS
ONE OF THE FIRST GEMSTONES
176
00:11:19,172 --> 00:11:22,000
TO BE CRAFTED INTO JEWELRY.
177
00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:23,758
FAST FORWARD TO TODAY
178
00:11:23,758 --> 00:11:26,758
AND TURQUOIS HASN'T LOST
ITS LUSTER.
179
00:11:31,034 --> 00:11:33,137
IN THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST,
180
00:11:33,137 --> 00:11:35,275
NATIVE PEOPLE HAVE
LONG MINED THE EARTH
181
00:11:35,275 --> 00:11:38,827
FOR A STONE THAT IS
AS BLUE AS THE SKY.
182
00:11:38,827 --> 00:11:42,034
TURNING IT INTO JEWELRY IS
A TRIBAL TRADITION.
183
00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:46,310
THERE ARE
MANY SHADES OF TURQUOIS,
184
00:11:46,310 --> 00:11:48,758
AND SOME ARE
MORE GREENISH THAN BLUE.
185
00:11:48,758 --> 00:11:51,379
THE ARTIST RINSES OFF
THE DIRT AND DEBRIS
186
00:11:51,379 --> 00:11:53,862
TO REVEAL
THE TRUE COLOR OF EACH STONE.
187
00:11:55,758 --> 00:11:58,275
HE EVALUATES THEM
AND SELECTS ONE.
188
00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:03,827
HE CUTS IT WITH A CIRCULAR SAW.
189
00:12:03,827 --> 00:12:05,206
AS HE CUTS,
190
00:12:05,206 --> 00:12:07,931
HE LUBRICATES THE STONE
WITH WATER TO KEEP IT COOL,
191
00:12:07,931 --> 00:12:11,413
BECAUSE TOO MUCH HEAT
COULD CAUSE DISCOLORATION.
192
00:12:11,413 --> 00:12:13,413
HE CUTS THE STONE THINNER AGAIN,
193
00:12:13,413 --> 00:12:15,758
WITH AN EYE
TO FITTING THE TURQUOIS
194
00:12:15,758 --> 00:12:17,517
IN A SILVER PENDANT SETTING.
195
00:12:19,172 --> 00:12:21,241
HE SANDS THE SURFACE
FLAT AND SMOOTH
196
00:12:21,241 --> 00:12:23,206
SO IT WILL SIT WELL
IN THE SETTING.
197
00:12:26,655 --> 00:12:29,793
HE SELECTS COORDINATING PIECES
FOR A MOSAIC WORK
198
00:12:29,793 --> 00:12:32,689
AND SANDS THEM TO CREATE
AN EQUALLY FLAT SURFACE.
199
00:12:34,413 --> 00:12:37,137
HE NOW ETCHES A LINE
ON A SHEET OF SILVER
200
00:12:37,137 --> 00:12:40,655
AND THEN SAWS ALONG THIS LINE
TO PRODUCE A SILVER STRIP.
201
00:12:40,655 --> 00:12:42,758
THIS SILVER STRIP WILL
NOW BE USED
202
00:12:42,758 --> 00:12:44,310
TO MAKE THE PENDANT SETTING.
203
00:12:46,344 --> 00:12:47,896
HE WRAPS IT AROUND
A STEEL MANDREL
204
00:12:47,896 --> 00:12:50,068
TO SHAPE IT INTO A LOOP.
205
00:12:53,137 --> 00:12:55,655
THEN, USING A LEATHER MALLET,
206
00:12:55,655 --> 00:12:58,413
HE GENTLY POUNDS THE SILVER
TO THE MANDREL
207
00:12:58,413 --> 00:12:59,862
TO PERFECT THE SHAPE.
208
00:12:59,862 --> 00:13:04,241
HE PINCHES THE ENDS WITH PLIERS
TO CLOSE THE LOOP.
209
00:13:04,241 --> 00:13:07,827
NEXT, HE SAWS A SILVER SQUARE.
210
00:13:07,827 --> 00:13:10,931
HE STAMPS
THE MAKER'S INSIGNIA ONTO IT,
211
00:13:10,931 --> 00:13:15,034
AS WELL AS THE HALLMARK
INDICATING THE SILVER'S PURITY.
212
00:13:15,034 --> 00:13:17,965
HE SEALS THE SILVER LOOP
WITH SOLDER.
213
00:13:20,241 --> 00:13:21,310
HE PLACES THE LOOP
214
00:13:21,310 --> 00:13:23,241
ON THE FRONT
OF THE SILVER SQUARE
215
00:13:23,241 --> 00:13:24,896
THAT HE'S COVERED WITH A FLUX.
216
00:13:24,896 --> 00:13:28,000
THIS PASTE FACILITATES
THE SOLDERING PROCESS
217
00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:30,896
AS HE NOW JOINS THE LOOP
TO THE SQUARE.
218
00:13:30,896 --> 00:13:33,965
HE CUTS THE SQUARE
TO ROUND IT TO THE LOOP
219
00:13:33,965 --> 00:13:35,448
USING METAL SHEARS.
220
00:13:35,448 --> 00:13:38,275
THE PENDANT SETTING HAS NOW
TAKEN SHAPE.
221
00:13:40,310 --> 00:13:42,172
USING A FINE ABRASIVE FILE,
222
00:13:42,172 --> 00:13:45,448
HE GETS RID OF THE EXCESS SILVER
AROUND THE RIM,
223
00:13:45,448 --> 00:13:47,172
AND HE SMOOTHES THE EDGES.
224
00:13:50,068 --> 00:13:53,551
HE SOLDERS A LOOP FOR THE CHAIN
TO THE PENDANT SETTING.
225
00:13:53,551 --> 00:13:55,965
THE CHAIN LOOP IS KNOWN AS
THE BAIL.
226
00:13:59,310 --> 00:14:00,862
THE ARTIST IS NOW READY
227
00:14:00,862 --> 00:14:03,758
TO CREATE A TURQUOIS MOSAIC
IN THIS SETTING.
228
00:14:06,241 --> 00:14:09,103
THE INITIAL CUTS WERE
JUST APPROXIMATE,
229
00:14:09,103 --> 00:14:12,000
SO THE STONES DON'T EXACTLY
FIT TOGETHER IN THE SETTING.
230
00:14:13,482 --> 00:14:15,793
HE GRINDS EACH ONE
A LITTLE AT A TIME
231
00:14:15,793 --> 00:14:17,172
UNTIL THEY DO.
232
00:14:17,172 --> 00:14:20,275
HE'S CAREFUL
TO NOT GRIND TOO MUCH.
233
00:14:20,275 --> 00:14:23,448
THAT WOULD LEAVE GAPS
IN THE MOSAIC.
234
00:14:23,448 --> 00:14:26,241
EACH STONE MUST SIT
SNUGLY AGAINST THE NEXT
235
00:14:26,241 --> 00:14:28,241
IN THE SILVER SETTING.
236
00:14:29,137 --> 00:14:30,793
HE HANDLES THE TURQUOIS GENTLY
237
00:14:30,793 --> 00:14:33,241
BECAUSE IT'S A SOFT STONE
AND BREAKS EASILY.
238
00:14:34,827 --> 00:14:37,758
IN THE EVENT OF A FRACTURE,
HE IMPROVISES
239
00:14:37,758 --> 00:14:40,689
AND TREATS IT AS
AN ARTISTIC OPPORTUNITY.
240
00:14:40,689 --> 00:14:43,034
HE CUTS A TINY BIT
OF ANOTHER STONE
241
00:14:43,034 --> 00:14:44,517
TO COMPLETE THE MOSAIC.
242
00:14:46,413 --> 00:14:48,379
IT SERVES AS AN ACCENT PIECE,
243
00:14:48,379 --> 00:14:50,965
ENHANCING
THIS STONE MOSAIC PATTERN.
244
00:14:54,206 --> 00:14:56,517
THE TURQUOIS STONES
NOW ALL FIT TOGETHER
245
00:14:56,517 --> 00:14:58,448
LIKE PIECES OF A PUZZLE.
246
00:15:00,241 --> 00:15:02,793
HE REMOVES THE STONES
FROM THE SETTING
247
00:15:02,793 --> 00:15:04,517
AND MIXES A TWO-PART EPOXY.
248
00:15:04,517 --> 00:15:07,310
HE APPLIES A GENEROUS AMOUNT
TO THE SETTING.
249
00:15:07,310 --> 00:15:10,379
HE PLACES THE TURQUOIS STONES
BACK IN THE PENDANT
250
00:15:10,379 --> 00:15:12,310
IN THEIR ORIGINAL CONFIGURATION.
251
00:15:15,241 --> 00:15:17,034
THE EPOXY DRIES QUICKLY
252
00:15:17,034 --> 00:15:20,379
AND THE STONES BOND
TO THE SILVER IN MINUTES.
253
00:15:22,482 --> 00:15:25,931
THE TURQUOIS MOSAIC NOW
UNDERGOES AN INTENSIVE SANDING,
254
00:15:25,931 --> 00:15:28,379
BEGINNING
WITH A ROUGH-GRIT SANDPAPER
255
00:15:28,379 --> 00:15:30,137
AND ENDING WITH A FINE ONE.
256
00:15:30,137 --> 00:15:34,448
THE SANDING MAKES THE SEAMS
ALMOST DISAPPEAR.
257
00:15:36,448 --> 00:15:39,275
HE APPLIES A SAPPHIRE GRIT
AND WATER SOLUTION
258
00:15:39,275 --> 00:15:40,931
TO A LEATHER BUFFING WHEEL
259
00:15:40,931 --> 00:15:44,344
AND POLISHES THE PENDANT
UNTIL IT TAKES ON A NICE PATINA.
260
00:15:51,172 --> 00:15:52,551
CRAFTED USING TECHNIQUES
261
00:15:52,551 --> 00:15:54,689
HANDED DOWN
THROUGH THE GENERATIONS,
262
00:15:54,689 --> 00:15:57,344
NATIVE TURQUOIS JEWELRY
STILL MAKES A STATEMENT.
263
00:15:57,344 --> 00:16:01,068
THAT'S WHY IT NEVER SEEMS
TO GO OUT OF STYLE.
264
00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:19,206
Narrator: AN ELECTRIC SCOOTER IS
A MOTORIZED VERSION
265
00:16:19,206 --> 00:16:22,034
OF THE TRADITIONAL FOOT-POWERED
KICK SCOOTER.
266
00:16:22,034 --> 00:16:25,517
WHILE THE KICK SCOOTER IS
DESIGNED PRIMARILY FOR CHILDREN,
267
00:16:25,517 --> 00:16:27,413
THE BATTERY-POWERED
ELECTRIC SCOOTER
268
00:16:27,413 --> 00:16:31,379
IS DECIDEDLY AN ADULT VEHICLE,
POPULAR WITH URBAN COMMUTERS
269
00:16:31,379 --> 00:16:34,896
LOOKING FOR A SIMPLE
AND INEXPENSIVE SET OF WHEELS.
270
00:16:37,965 --> 00:16:40,275
THIS ISN'T YOUR KID'S SCOOTER.
271
00:16:40,275 --> 00:16:42,931
LIGHTWEIGHT, BATTERY-POWERED,
AND FOLDABLE,
272
00:16:42,931 --> 00:16:45,586
IT REACHES SPEEDS
OF UP TO 20 MILES PER HOUR
273
00:16:45,586 --> 00:16:47,103
AND CAN CARRY A PASSENGER
274
00:16:47,103 --> 00:16:50,034
WEIGHING UP TO
A HEFTY 250 POUNDS.
275
00:16:51,517 --> 00:16:52,896
MOST OF THE COMPONENTS,
276
00:16:52,896 --> 00:16:55,724
LIKE THIS SPROCKET,
WHICH GOES ON THE REAR WHEEL,
277
00:16:55,724 --> 00:16:57,931
ARE MADE
OF AIRCRAFT-GRADE ALUMINUM --
278
00:16:57,931 --> 00:17:00,275
A HIGH-STRENGTH,
YET LIGHTWEIGHT METAL.
279
00:17:02,413 --> 00:17:03,862
AFTER CUTTING THE SHAPE,
280
00:17:03,862 --> 00:17:07,068
THE COMPUTER-GUIDED MILLING
MACHINE CUTS DECORATIVE HOLES
281
00:17:07,068 --> 00:17:08,896
THAT FURTHER LIGHTEN THE WEIGHT.
282
00:17:11,931 --> 00:17:14,862
A PUNCH PRESS CUTS
THE SHAPE OF THE BRAKE DISC,
283
00:17:14,862 --> 00:17:17,310
MADE OF AIRCRAFT-GRADE
STAINLESS STEEL,
284
00:17:17,310 --> 00:17:19,827
ALSO A STRONG,
YET LIGHTWEIGHT METAL.
285
00:17:22,068 --> 00:17:25,206
THE SCOOTER CHASSIS IS MADE
OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL.
286
00:17:27,413 --> 00:17:28,689
TO ONE END,
287
00:17:28,689 --> 00:17:32,620
THEY WELD ON A BUSHING
FOR THE REAL AXLE.
288
00:17:32,620 --> 00:17:34,000
TO THE OTHER END,
289
00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:37,103
A LARGE TUBE TO HOUSE
THE SCOOTER'S ELECTRIC MOTOR.
290
00:17:47,620 --> 00:17:48,896
TO THAT SUPPORT TUBE,
291
00:17:48,896 --> 00:17:51,241
THEY WELD
THE FRONT PART OF THE CHASSIS
292
00:17:51,241 --> 00:17:53,931
TO WHICH THEY'LL LATER CONNECT
THE HANDLEBAR.
293
00:17:53,931 --> 00:17:56,758
THEY ALSO WELD ON
A SUPPORT FOR THE REAR WHEEL.
294
00:18:03,586 --> 00:18:05,103
THEY PAINT THE CHASSIS WITH
295
00:18:05,103 --> 00:18:07,655
WHAT'S KNOWN IN THE INDUSTRY
AS POWDER COAT --
296
00:18:07,655 --> 00:18:11,241
DRY PAINT PARTICLES APPLIED
WITH AN ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE,
297
00:18:11,241 --> 00:18:15,034
AN APPLICATION TECHNIQUE WHICH
ENSURES FULL, EVEN COVERAGE.
298
00:18:15,034 --> 00:18:18,448
THE CHASSIS GOES THROUGH AN OVEN
FOR ABOUT FIVE MINUTES
299
00:18:18,448 --> 00:18:20,655
AT 403° FAHRENHEIT
300
00:18:20,655 --> 00:18:23,482
TO BAKE ON THE FINISH.
301
00:18:23,482 --> 00:18:26,068
THE BRAKE DISC, MEANWHILE,
HAS GONE THROUGH
302
00:18:26,068 --> 00:18:28,655
A HEAT-TREATMENT PROCESS
FOR STRENGTHENING,
303
00:18:28,655 --> 00:18:30,758
AND HAS ACQUIRED
ALUMINUM SPACERS
304
00:18:30,758 --> 00:18:34,068
TO PROPERLY POSITION
THE FIRST MAGNESIUM WHEEL RIM,
305
00:18:34,068 --> 00:18:37,206
WHICH GOES ON NEXT,
FOLLOWED BY THE RUBBER TIRE,
306
00:18:37,206 --> 00:18:38,931
THEN THE SECOND WHEEL RIM.
307
00:18:38,931 --> 00:18:41,448
TO HOLD THIS
FRONT WHEEL ASSEMBLY TOGETHER,
308
00:18:41,448 --> 00:18:42,724
THEY THREAD A LUG NUT
309
00:18:42,724 --> 00:18:45,482
INTO THE BOLT PROTRUDING
FROM EACH SPACER.
310
00:18:45,482 --> 00:18:47,241
THESE LUG NUTS ARE SELF-LOCKING,
311
00:18:47,241 --> 00:18:49,896
MEANING THEIR THREADS ARE SHAPED
IN SUCH A WAY
312
00:18:49,896 --> 00:18:52,275
THAT THEY WON'T LOOSEN
DURING NORMAL USE.
313
00:18:52,275 --> 00:18:56,758
THIS IS
AN IMPORTANT SAFETY FEATURE.
314
00:18:56,758 --> 00:19:00,620
NEXT, WORKERS INSERT THE
BATTERY-POWERED ELECTRIC MOTOR
315
00:19:00,620 --> 00:19:03,448
INTO THE SUPPORT TUBE
ON THE CHASSIS.
316
00:19:03,448 --> 00:19:07,827
AFTER SECURING THE MOTOR
IN PLACE WITH SCREWS,
317
00:19:07,827 --> 00:19:10,275
THEY INSTALL
THE DRIVE-CHAIN ADJUSTER.
318
00:19:10,275 --> 00:19:14,034
THE DRIVE CHAIN LINKS THE MOTOR
TO THE REAR WHEEL.
319
00:19:14,034 --> 00:19:16,620
THIS ADJUSTER MAINTAINS
THE APPROPRIATE CHAIN TENSION
320
00:19:16,620 --> 00:19:18,448
UNDER ALL CONDITIONS.
321
00:19:18,448 --> 00:19:21,517
NOW THEY MOUNT THE REAR AXLE
AND REAR WHEEL
322
00:19:21,517 --> 00:19:23,275
WITH ITS LARGE SPROCKET.
323
00:19:23,275 --> 00:19:26,758
THEY INSTALL A SMALL SPROCKET
ON THE DRIVE SHAFT,
324
00:19:26,758 --> 00:19:29,172
WHICH PROTRUDES FROM THE MOTOR.
325
00:19:29,172 --> 00:19:32,758
THEN THEY TAKE THE DRIVE CHAIN,
MADE OF HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL,
326
00:19:32,758 --> 00:19:35,137
AND HOOK IT AROUND
THE TWO SPROCKETS.
327
00:19:35,137 --> 00:19:38,172
THEY MOUNT THE REAR FENDER
AND CHAIN GUARD,
328
00:19:38,172 --> 00:19:40,724
BOTH MADE
OF HIGH-STRENGTH PLASTIC,
329
00:19:40,724 --> 00:19:44,689
THEN TIGHTEN THE AXLE TO HOLD
EVERYTHING TOGETHER SECURELY.
330
00:19:44,689 --> 00:19:47,172
NOW FOR THE SCOOTER'S HANDLEBAR.
331
00:19:47,172 --> 00:19:50,517
AN AUTOMATED WELDING MACHINE
FUSES TWO ALUMINUM TUBES
332
00:19:50,517 --> 00:19:51,620
INTO A "T."
333
00:19:51,620 --> 00:19:53,655
AFTER CHEMICALLY TREATING
THE HANDLEBAR
334
00:19:53,655 --> 00:19:55,172
TO PREVENT CORROSION AND WEAR,
335
00:19:55,172 --> 00:19:57,758
THEY INSTALL A CATCH THAT HOLDS
THE HANDLE TO THE BASE
336
00:19:57,758 --> 00:19:59,172
WHEN THE SCOOTER'S FOLDED.
337
00:19:59,172 --> 00:20:03,413
NEXT, THE LEVER FOR THE
DISC BRAKE ON THE FRONT WHEEL
338
00:20:03,413 --> 00:20:06,068
AND THE CONTROL FOR THE MOTOR.
339
00:20:06,068 --> 00:20:09,379
LAST BUT NOT LEAST,
RUBBER HANDLEBAR GRIPS,
340
00:20:09,379 --> 00:20:11,586
EMBOSSED WITH A SNAZZY DESIGN.
341
00:20:13,000 --> 00:20:15,551
THE MOTOR CONTROL HAS
A PUSH-BUTTON IGNITION,
342
00:20:15,551 --> 00:20:18,310
A THUMB THROTTLE
FOR REGULATING SPEED,
343
00:20:18,310 --> 00:20:20,275
AND A BATTERY-LIFE INDICATOR.
344
00:20:22,241 --> 00:20:24,344
WITH THE MOTOR CONTROL
AND BRAKE LINES
345
00:20:24,344 --> 00:20:25,965
TAPED IN THEIR PROPER POSITION,
346
00:20:25,965 --> 00:20:29,655
WORKERS MOUNT THE HANDLEBAR ON
THE CHASSIS WITH THE HINGE PIN,
347
00:20:29,655 --> 00:20:33,172
ENABLING IT TO FOLD DOWN
ONTO THE BASE.
348
00:20:33,172 --> 00:20:36,655
THEY MOUNT THE FRONT WHEEL
WITH ITS DISC BRAKE.
349
00:20:36,655 --> 00:20:39,103
WHEN YOU ACTIVATE
THE HANDLEBAR BRAKE LEVER,
350
00:20:39,103 --> 00:20:41,172
THIS CALIPER AND PAD
GRAB THE DISC,
351
00:20:41,172 --> 00:20:43,793
WHICH STOPS THE ROTATING WHEEL.
352
00:20:43,793 --> 00:20:47,517
AN ALUMINUM PAN IN THE BASE
HOLDS THE BATTERY,
353
00:20:47,517 --> 00:20:50,379
BATTERY CHARGER,
AND ALL THE ELECTRONICS.
354
00:20:50,379 --> 00:20:52,379
THEY COVER IT
WITH A BIRCHWOOD PLATFORM
355
00:20:52,379 --> 00:20:54,689
ON WHICH THE RIDER STANDS.
356
00:20:54,689 --> 00:20:56,758
THE WOOD HAS
A WEATHERPROOF COATING
357
00:20:56,758 --> 00:20:59,448
AND FEATURES THE COMPANY LOGO
IN NONSKID MATERIAL
358
00:20:59,448 --> 00:21:02,241
TO PREVENT
THE RIDER'S FEET FROM SLIPPING.
359
00:21:02,241 --> 00:21:03,793
THE MECHANICS ARE SIMPLE.
360
00:21:03,793 --> 00:21:07,551
THE MOTOR TURNS THE DRIVE SHAFT,
WHICH TURNS THE SMALL SPROCKET,
361
00:21:07,551 --> 00:21:08,965
WHICH TURNS THE CHAIN,
362
00:21:08,965 --> 00:21:12,344
WHICH TURNS THE LARGE SPROCKET
MOUNTED ON THE REAR WHEEL,
363
00:21:12,344 --> 00:21:14,965
PROPELLING THE SCOOTER.
364
00:21:21,862 --> 00:21:24,241
IF YOU HAVE ANY COMMENTS
ABOUT THE SHOW,
365
00:21:24,241 --> 00:21:27,034
OR IF YOU'D LIKE TO SUGGEST
TOPICS FOR FUTURE SHOWS,
366
00:21:27,034 --> 00:21:28,310
DROP US A LINE AT...
29116
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