Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:02,310 --> 00:00:05,310
--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com
2
00:00:05,310 --> 00:00:08,275
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
3
00:00:53,068 --> 00:00:56,068
Narrator: THE SPACE PEN
CAN WRITE IN ZERO GRAVITY,
4
00:00:56,068 --> 00:00:58,448
WHICH IS WHY
ASTRONAUTS HAVE USED IT.
5
00:00:58,448 --> 00:01:01,827
IT ALSO WRITES UNDERWATER,
IN EXTREME HEAT OR COLD,
6
00:01:01,827 --> 00:01:04,344
OR WHEN HELD UPSIDE DOWN.
7
00:01:04,344 --> 00:01:07,931
ALL THIS IS POSSIBLE DUE TO
THE PEN'S INGENIOUS DESIGN
8
00:01:07,931 --> 00:01:12,034
THAT KEEPS INK FLOWING
TOWARD THE TIP NO MATTER WHAT.
9
00:01:14,413 --> 00:01:17,896
THE SPACE PEN'S INK
IS PRESSURIZED WITH NITROGEN,
10
00:01:17,896 --> 00:01:20,103
SO, UNLIKE ORDINARY BALLPOINTS,
11
00:01:20,103 --> 00:01:23,551
IT DOESN'T RELY ON GRAVITY
TO FLOW TOWARD THE TIP.
12
00:01:23,551 --> 00:01:26,034
INVENTED IN 1966,
13
00:01:26,034 --> 00:01:29,931
THE PEN FIRST WENT INTO SPACE
WITH THE APOLLO 7 ASTRONAUTS.
14
00:01:29,931 --> 00:01:32,379
THE PEN'S WRITING POINT
STARTS OUT
15
00:01:32,379 --> 00:01:35,586
AS AN 3/10 OF AN INCH LONG BLOCK
OF STAINLESS STEEL.
16
00:01:35,586 --> 00:01:39,206
IT PASSES THROUGH MORE THAN
A DOZEN MACHINING OPERATIONS
17
00:01:39,206 --> 00:01:41,413
THAT PROGRESSIVELY SHAPE
A POINT,
18
00:01:41,413 --> 00:01:43,379
THEN BORE A HOLE THROUGH THE TIP
19
00:01:43,379 --> 00:01:46,241
TO FORM A POCKET
FOR THE CARBIDE STEEL BALL.
20
00:01:46,241 --> 00:01:48,241
THAT MAKES THIS A BALLPOINT.
21
00:01:48,241 --> 00:01:51,103
THE LAST STATION INSERTS
THE BALL
22
00:01:51,103 --> 00:01:53,965
AND CURVES THE EDGES
OF THE POCKET INWARD
23
00:01:53,965 --> 00:01:58,655
SO THAT THE BALL IS LOCKED IN
YET CAN ROTATE TO SPREAD INK.
24
00:01:58,655 --> 00:02:02,586
THE REPLACEABLE INK CARTRIDGE,
CALLED THE REFILL,
25
00:02:02,586 --> 00:02:05,275
BEGINS AS AN EMPTY BRASS TUBE.
26
00:02:05,275 --> 00:02:08,482
THIS ASSEMBLY MACHINE INSERTS
A WHITE PLASTIC BALL
27
00:02:08,482 --> 00:02:11,793
INTO THE BACK END
28
00:02:11,793 --> 00:02:15,034
THEN PUMPS IN
HALF A GRAM OF INK.
29
00:02:16,344 --> 00:02:19,103
THE WHITE BALL
IS CALLED THE FLOAT.
30
00:02:19,103 --> 00:02:22,310
ITS JOB IS TO FOLLOW THE INK
DOWN THE TUBE,
31
00:02:22,310 --> 00:02:25,827
MOVING RESIDUAL INK FORWARD
TOWARD THE POINT.
32
00:02:25,827 --> 00:02:29,172
NEXT, THE MACHINE INSERTS
THE WRITING POINT
33
00:02:29,172 --> 00:02:31,310
INTO THE OPPOSITE END
OF THE TUBE,
34
00:02:31,310 --> 00:02:33,034
THEN IT CRIMPS THE END
35
00:02:33,034 --> 00:02:36,206
TO ENSURE THE WRITING POINT
CAN'T DISLODGE.
36
00:02:38,517 --> 00:02:40,724
BACK TO THE OTHER END
OF THE TUBE NOW.
37
00:02:40,724 --> 00:02:44,000
THE MACHINE APPLIES
A BIT OF SEALANT...
38
00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:49,413
...INJECTS NITROGEN
TO PRESSURIZE THE REFILL,
39
00:02:49,413 --> 00:02:53,931
THEN CAPS THE TUBE
WITH A HOLLOW BRASS PLUG.
40
00:02:53,931 --> 00:02:57,206
NITROGEN IS IDEAL
FOR PRESSURIZING
41
00:02:57,206 --> 00:02:58,827
BECAUSE IT'S AN INERT GAS
42
00:02:58,827 --> 00:03:01,965
THAT DOESN'T HARM
THE REFILL TUBE OR ITS CONTENTS.
43
00:03:06,551 --> 00:03:08,448
THIS DEMONSTRATION SHOWS
44
00:03:08,448 --> 00:03:12,172
HOW THE PRESSURIZED NITROGEN
FORCES THE INK FLOW.
45
00:03:16,275 --> 00:03:19,689
AFTER SUBJECTING EACH AND EVERY
REFILL TO A WRITING TEST
46
00:03:19,689 --> 00:03:21,241
AND WASHING THE SURFACE
47
00:03:21,241 --> 00:03:25,137
TO REMOVE TRACES OF MACHINE
LUBRICANT AND OTHER RESIDUES,
48
00:03:25,137 --> 00:03:27,517
A PRINTER APPLIES THE COMPANY
NAME AND PRODUCT INFORMATION
49
00:03:27,517 --> 00:03:29,758
ON THE REFILL.
50
00:03:29,758 --> 00:03:32,724
CERTAIN SPACE PEN MODELS
HAVE A CAP
51
00:03:32,724 --> 00:03:35,448
THAT FITS OVER
THE WRITING POINT.
52
00:03:35,448 --> 00:03:37,379
A FEEDER PLACES A BRASS CAP
53
00:03:37,379 --> 00:03:41,482
ON EACH SPOKE
OF THE CAP ASSEMBLY MACHINE,
54
00:03:41,482 --> 00:03:46,137
WHICH THEN PUSHES THE CAP
INTO POSITION TO RECEIVE A CLIP.
55
00:03:46,137 --> 00:03:48,137
THE CLIP IS STAMPED
OUT OF SPRING STEEL,
56
00:03:48,137 --> 00:03:50,103
A FAIRLY FLEXIBLE METAL.
57
00:03:50,103 --> 00:03:54,517
IT'S CHROME-PLATED FOR CORROSION
RESISTANCE AND AESTHETICS.
58
00:03:54,517 --> 00:03:57,379
THE MACHINE DRIVES
THE CLIP'S TEETH
59
00:03:57,379 --> 00:03:59,551
THROUGH THE WALL OF THE CAP,
60
00:03:59,551 --> 00:04:02,103
THEN CURLS THEM BACK
TOWARD THE INSIDE OF THE WALL,
61
00:04:02,103 --> 00:04:04,275
LOCKING THE CLIP IN POSITION.
62
00:04:07,551 --> 00:04:10,275
TO PREPARE THE TWO-PART
BRASS BODY OF THE PEN,
63
00:04:10,275 --> 00:04:13,172
A FEEDER DROPS THE BOTTOM PART,
CALLED THE BARREL,
64
00:04:13,172 --> 00:04:17,000
ONTO EACH SPOKE
OF THE BARREL ASSEMBLY MACHINE.
65
00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:19,689
TO STRAIGHTEN THE WRITING END,
66
00:04:19,689 --> 00:04:22,034
THE MACHINE INSERTS
A BRASS REINFORCEMENT PIECE
67
00:04:22,034 --> 00:04:23,862
CALLED THE NOSE TIP.
68
00:04:23,862 --> 00:04:26,000
IT THEN CRIMPS THE END,
69
00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:28,241
FLARING THE NOSE TIP
INSIDE THE BARREL
70
00:04:28,241 --> 00:04:30,931
SO THAT IT BECOMES WIDER
THAN THE BARREL OPENING
71
00:04:30,931 --> 00:04:33,482
AND THEREFORE CAN'T SLIP OUT.
72
00:04:33,482 --> 00:04:37,896
THIS MODEL HAS A CHROME-PLATED
BRASS BODY AND CLIPLESS CAP.
73
00:04:37,896 --> 00:04:40,137
TO BEGIN ASSEMBLING THE PEN,
74
00:04:40,137 --> 00:04:43,000
WORKERS PLACE THE BARREL
IN A FOAM HOLDER,
75
00:04:43,000 --> 00:04:46,103
INSERT A SPRING
TO KEEP THE REFILL IN POSITION,
76
00:04:46,103 --> 00:04:49,620
THEN A THREADED CONNECTOR
MADE OF BRASS.
77
00:04:49,620 --> 00:04:52,724
THE BARREL GOES THROUGH
A MACHINE,
78
00:04:52,724 --> 00:04:55,000
WHICH PUTS
A SILICONE RUBBER O-RING
79
00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:57,586
ON THE TOP EDGE OF THE BARREL.
80
00:04:57,586 --> 00:04:59,965
AND NOW THE FINAL ASSEMBLY.
81
00:04:59,965 --> 00:05:02,724
THEY PLACE A REFILL
IN THE BARREL,
82
00:05:02,724 --> 00:05:06,379
INSERT THE CONNECTOR
INTO THE TOP HALF OF THE BODY,
83
00:05:06,379 --> 00:05:11,241
THEN, WITH AN ELECTRIC MOTOR,
THREAD THE PARTS TOGETHER.
84
00:05:11,241 --> 00:05:15,068
AFTER PLACING THE CAP
OPEN-SIDE UP IN A FOAM HOLDER,
85
00:05:15,068 --> 00:05:16,655
THEY INSERT THE PEN.
86
00:05:16,655 --> 00:05:19,896
THE O-RING HOLDS
THE CAP IN PLACE.
87
00:05:19,896 --> 00:05:23,862
THE ORIGINAL SPACE PEN,
STILL IN PRODUCTION,
88
00:05:23,862 --> 00:05:26,689
HAS A PUSH BUTTON ON TOP
TO PUSH OUT THE REFILL
89
00:05:26,689 --> 00:05:29,068
AND ANOTHER ON THE SIDE
TO RETRACT IT.
90
00:05:29,068 --> 00:05:31,724
THIS DEMONSTRATION PEN
HAS A CUTAWAY SECTION
91
00:05:31,724 --> 00:05:34,620
TO SHOW THE INNER WORKINGS.
92
00:05:34,620 --> 00:05:39,413
ALL SPACE PEN MODELS
CAN WRITE UNDERWATER...
93
00:05:39,413 --> 00:05:42,793
AND IN ZERO GRAVITY.
94
00:05:42,793 --> 00:05:48,965
THEY ALSO WORK IN FREEZING COLD,
INTENSE HEAT, AND UPSIDE DOWN.
95
00:06:02,137 --> 00:06:05,172
Narrator: A REEF AQUARIUM TAKES
UNDERWATER EXPLORATION
96
00:06:05,172 --> 00:06:06,965
TO A WHOLE NEW SEA LEVEL.
97
00:06:06,965 --> 00:06:10,758
IT'S A MINI CORAL REEF SYSTEM
RE-CREATED IN A GLASS TANK.
98
00:06:10,758 --> 00:06:12,862
INSTALLED IN A HOME OR BUSINESS,
99
00:06:12,862 --> 00:06:14,586
A REEF AQUARIUM ALLOWS PEOPLE
100
00:06:14,586 --> 00:06:16,862
TO SEE LIFE
ON THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA
101
00:06:16,862 --> 00:06:20,000
WITHOUT DONNING A WET SUIT
AND A SNORKEL.
102
00:06:23,517 --> 00:06:24,758
A REEF AQUARIUM
103
00:06:24,758 --> 00:06:27,896
IS A LIVING, BREATHING,
AND GROWING ECOSYSTEM.
104
00:06:27,896 --> 00:06:29,413
ALONG WITH TROPICAL FISH,
105
00:06:29,413 --> 00:06:31,241
IT HAS SPECTACULAR CORAL
106
00:06:31,241 --> 00:06:32,965
AND MORE LOW-PROFILE ORGANISMS
107
00:06:32,965 --> 00:06:37,137
LIKE CRAB, SHRIMP,
AND TINY AQUATIC CREATURES.
108
00:06:37,137 --> 00:06:41,172
ALL THESE ORGANISMS ACT AS
A BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION SYSTEM
109
00:06:41,172 --> 00:06:43,103
FOR THE WATER IN THE TANK.
110
00:06:43,103 --> 00:06:46,551
THEY SUPPLEMENT
THE BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION SYSTEM
111
00:06:46,551 --> 00:06:49,172
WITH MECHANICAL
AND CHEMICAL ONES.
112
00:06:49,172 --> 00:06:51,620
THE ASSEMBLER STARTS
WITH THE PUMP
113
00:06:51,620 --> 00:06:54,137
THAT RECIRCULATES THE WATER.
114
00:06:54,137 --> 00:06:56,965
HE INSTALLS IT IN A TANK
UNDER THE DISPLAY TANK.
115
00:06:56,965 --> 00:06:59,862
THIS TANK IS KNOWN AS THE SUMP.
116
00:06:59,862 --> 00:07:03,620
HE PLACES THE PROTEIN SKIMMER
IN THE SUMP BESIDE THE PUMP.
117
00:07:03,620 --> 00:07:06,517
THIS UNIT INJECTS AIR BUBBLES
INTO THE WATER
118
00:07:06,517 --> 00:07:08,310
TO REMOVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
119
00:07:08,310 --> 00:07:10,965
BEFORE THEY DECOMPOSE
AND BECOME WASTE.
120
00:07:10,965 --> 00:07:13,344
HE ADDS A U.V. STERILIZER.
121
00:07:13,344 --> 00:07:15,965
IT HAS A HIGH-INTENSITY LIGHT
122
00:07:15,965 --> 00:07:17,965
THAT WILL BE ACTIVATED
WHEN NEEDED
123
00:07:17,965 --> 00:07:24,206
TO KILL FREE-FLOATING BACTERIA,
PARASITES, AND ALGAE.
124
00:07:24,206 --> 00:07:27,379
NEXT, HE INTRODUCES
THE MEDIA REACTOR.
125
00:07:27,379 --> 00:07:30,862
THIS CYLINDRICAL DEVICE CONTAINS
BOTH ACTIVATED CARBON
126
00:07:30,862 --> 00:07:33,103
AND AN ALUMINUM-BASED MEDIA.
127
00:07:33,103 --> 00:07:36,517
THESE MATERIALS WILL ABSORB
FISH-WASTE BY-PRODUCTS,
128
00:07:36,517 --> 00:07:39,137
THEREBY REMOVING THEM
FROM THE WATER.
129
00:07:39,137 --> 00:07:42,000
WITH THE MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL
FILTERS IN PLACE,
130
00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:44,827
HE NOW MOVES ON
TO THE DISPLAY TANK.
131
00:07:44,827 --> 00:07:48,379
HE SPREADS REAL OCEAN SAND
ON THE BOTTOM.
132
00:07:48,379 --> 00:07:50,655
THIS SAND WILL BE A HABITAT
133
00:07:50,655 --> 00:07:53,310
FOR SOME OF THE BACTERIA
AND OTHER ORGANISMS
134
00:07:53,310 --> 00:07:56,965
THAT WILL AID IN THE
BIOLOGICAL FILTERING PROCESS.
135
00:08:00,931 --> 00:08:03,379
HE SELECTS ROCKS
FROM A SUPPLY TANK
136
00:08:03,379 --> 00:08:05,758
AND TRANSFERS THEM
TO THE AQUARIUM.
137
00:08:05,758 --> 00:08:07,275
THE ROCKS ARE HOME
138
00:08:07,275 --> 00:08:11,275
TO NUMEROUS ALGAE, BACTERIA,
AND SMALL INVERTEBRATES.
139
00:08:11,275 --> 00:08:13,206
THIS MAKES THEM THE CENTRAL PART
140
00:08:13,206 --> 00:08:16,551
OF THE AQUARIUM'S
BIOLOGICAL FILTERING SYSTEM.
141
00:08:21,068 --> 00:08:23,586
HE NOW PREPARES
THE OCEAN POTION,
142
00:08:23,586 --> 00:08:26,137
ADDING SYNTHETIC SEA SALT
TO WATER.
143
00:08:28,068 --> 00:08:30,241
A PUMP CIRCULATES THE WATER
144
00:08:30,241 --> 00:08:34,000
AS THE SALT DISSOLVES
OVER A PERIOD OF 24 HOURS.
145
00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:35,551
HE PRESSES A SWITCH,
146
00:08:35,551 --> 00:08:39,379
AND THE PREMIX OF WATER AND SALT
FLOWS INTO THE TANK.
147
00:08:39,379 --> 00:08:42,000
THIS WATER NOW NEEDS TO MATURE.
148
00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:43,724
IT WILL TAKE WEEKS
149
00:08:43,724 --> 00:08:48,724
FOR TINY AQUATIC CREATURES TO
BEGIN TO THRIVE IN THIS WATER.
150
00:08:48,724 --> 00:08:50,379
DURING THIS TIME,
151
00:08:50,379 --> 00:08:55,000
THE FILTERING EQUIPMENT IN THE
PUMP BELOW HELPS KEEP IT CLEAN.
152
00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:57,206
THE PROTEIN SKIMMER FOAMS UP
153
00:08:57,206 --> 00:09:00,241
AS THE WATER CONSTANTLY
CIRCULATES THROUGH IT.
154
00:09:00,241 --> 00:09:02,758
AFTER ABOUT THREE WEEKS,
155
00:09:02,758 --> 00:09:05,862
THERE ARE ENOUGH MICROORGANISMS
IN THE WATER.
156
00:09:05,862 --> 00:09:08,517
IT'S READY FOR CORAL AND FISH.
157
00:09:08,517 --> 00:09:12,551
THESE CORALS HAVE BEEN GROWN
ON AN OCEAN FARM
158
00:09:12,551 --> 00:09:15,965
AND KEPT IN THIS HOLDING TANK
FOR THIS VERY MOMENT.
159
00:09:18,655 --> 00:09:21,517
EACH CORAL IS COMPOSED
OF TINY, FRAGILE ANIMALS
160
00:09:21,517 --> 00:09:23,241
CALLED CORAL POLYPS.
161
00:09:23,241 --> 00:09:26,379
THEY ARE ESSENTIALLY
LITTLE COLONIES.
162
00:09:26,379 --> 00:09:29,793
AS THE AQUARIUM TECHNICIAN
MAKES HIS SELECTIONS,
163
00:09:29,793 --> 00:09:34,103
HE CONSIDERS HOW THE CORAL WILL
ADAPT TO LIGHT AND WATER MOTION
164
00:09:34,103 --> 00:09:38,827
AND HOW COMPATIBLE THE CORALS
WILL BE WITH ONE ANOTHER.
165
00:09:38,827 --> 00:09:43,206
SOME CORALS ARE VERY TERRITORIAL
AND MAY RELEASE TOXINS
166
00:09:43,206 --> 00:09:47,206
WHEN THEY COME INTO CONTACT
WITH OTHER CORALS.
167
00:09:47,206 --> 00:09:50,413
HE LEAVES A LOT OF SPACE
BETWEEN THE CORALS
168
00:09:50,413 --> 00:09:53,103
TO GIVE THEM ROOM TO GROW.
169
00:09:53,103 --> 00:09:58,965
ALLOWED TO THRIVE,
SOME WILL TRIPLE IN SIZE.
170
00:09:58,965 --> 00:10:01,275
HE NOW INTRODUCES FISH.
171
00:10:01,275 --> 00:10:04,482
CLEARLY, THIS AQUARIUM HAS
ALL THE COMFORTS OF HOME.
172
00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:11,344
HE INSTALLS A LIGHTING SYSTEM
OVERHEAD
173
00:10:11,344 --> 00:10:14,310
THAT MIMICS OCEAN LIGHT
AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF DAY --
174
00:10:14,310 --> 00:10:17,586
SUNRISE, DAYTIME, AND SUNSET.
175
00:10:17,586 --> 00:10:20,137
FOR THE CREATURES
IN THIS REEF AQUARIUM,
176
00:10:20,137 --> 00:10:22,724
LIGHT IS A SOURCE OF ENERGY.
177
00:10:24,689 --> 00:10:27,413
WITH THE REEF AQUARIUM
NOW COMPLETE,
178
00:10:27,413 --> 00:10:29,206
THE MONITORING BEGINS.
179
00:10:29,206 --> 00:10:31,655
HE'LL TEST THE WATER CHEMISTRY
REGULARLY
180
00:10:31,655 --> 00:10:34,896
TO ENSURE THE RIGHT ENVIRONMENT
IS BEING ACHIEVED.
181
00:10:34,896 --> 00:10:38,413
THE ACTIVITY OF THE FISH AND
CORAL WILL BE UNDER OBSERVATION
182
00:10:38,413 --> 00:10:40,758
TO CONFIRM
THIS MINI-REEF SYSTEM
183
00:10:40,758 --> 00:10:43,931
IS BECOMING
A THRIVING MARINE COMMUNITY.
184
00:10:46,034 --> 00:10:50,000
ONLY THEN WILL THIS REEF
AQUARIUM BE READY TO GO PUBLIC.
185
00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:52,103
SO MUCH MORE THAN A FISHBOWL,
186
00:10:52,103 --> 00:10:54,965
THE REEF AQUARIUM BRINGS
THE WONDERS OF THE OCEAN
187
00:10:54,965 --> 00:10:57,068
TO THE SURFACE.
188
00:11:09,551 --> 00:11:12,517
Narrator:
A CENTRAL PART OF ARRANGING
A LOVED ONE'S FUNERAL
189
00:11:12,517 --> 00:11:14,241
IS CHOOSING A CASKET.
190
00:11:14,241 --> 00:11:17,275
THIS IS OFTEN AN EMOTIONALLY
DIFFICULT DECISION,
191
00:11:17,275 --> 00:11:20,620
AS IT FORCES US
TO FACE THE REALITY OF THE LOSS.
192
00:11:20,620 --> 00:11:24,241
CASKETS ARE MOST COMMONLY MADE
OF EITHER WOOD OR METAL
193
00:11:24,241 --> 00:11:27,931
AND RANGE IN STYLE
FROM UNDERSTATED TO ORNATE.
194
00:11:30,862 --> 00:11:33,000
THERE ARE TWO STYLES OF CASKETS.
195
00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:35,793
FULL-COUCH MODELS HAVE
AN UNDIVIDED TOP
196
00:11:35,793 --> 00:11:38,517
TO SHOW THE DECEASED
FROM HEAD TO TOE.
197
00:11:38,517 --> 00:11:41,172
PERFECTION-CUT MODELS HAVE
A SPLIT-TOP
198
00:11:41,172 --> 00:11:44,206
TO SHOW THE DECEASED
ONLY FROM THE WAIST UP.
199
00:11:44,206 --> 00:11:46,482
THIS FACTORY MAKES METAL CASKETS
200
00:11:46,482 --> 00:11:48,862
CONSTRUCTED
FROM SHEETS OF STEEL.
201
00:11:48,862 --> 00:11:53,275
TO FORM THE TOP, WORKERS INSERT
A SHEET INTO A PRESS.
202
00:11:53,275 --> 00:11:57,517
A DIE INSIDE DRAWS THE METAL
INTO A PANELED SHAPE.
203
00:11:57,517 --> 00:12:00,931
THIS REQUIRES
900 TONS OF PULLING FORCE,
204
00:12:00,931 --> 00:12:05,724
THE EQUIVALENT OF HOISTING 27
FULLY LOADED TRACTOR TRAILERS.
205
00:12:05,724 --> 00:12:08,448
AFTER TRIMMING THE EDGES,
206
00:12:08,448 --> 00:12:12,310
WORKERS INSERT THE PANEL INTO
AN AUTOMATED FOLDING MACHINE.
207
00:12:13,448 --> 00:12:17,241
FIRST, THE MACHINE BENDS
BOTH LONG SIDES UPWARD --
208
00:12:17,241 --> 00:12:20,241
TWO BENDS OF 90 DEGREES EACH.
209
00:12:22,620 --> 00:12:26,206
SECOND, IT BENDS BOTH
SHORT SIDES UPWARD THE SAME WAY.
210
00:12:32,724 --> 00:12:36,000
THEN, WORKERS WELD
THE CORNER SEAMS.
211
00:12:37,586 --> 00:12:39,413
THEY ALSO ASSEMBLE AND WELD
212
00:12:39,413 --> 00:12:44,103
THE CASKET'S SIDE, END,
AND REINFORCE BOTTOM PANELS.
213
00:12:44,103 --> 00:12:46,241
THESE TWO WERE SHAPED
IN THE PRESS
214
00:12:46,241 --> 00:12:48,379
BUT WITH
A DIFFERENT TYPE OF DIE,
215
00:12:48,379 --> 00:12:53,758
WHICH STAMPS, RATHER THAN DRAWS,
THE STEEL TO THE REQUIRED SHAPE.
216
00:12:56,413 --> 00:13:02,620
FOR A PERFECTION-CUT CASKET,
THEY SAW THE TOP IN HALF,
217
00:13:02,620 --> 00:13:05,827
THEN WELD STEEL TO THE CUT END,
218
00:13:05,827 --> 00:13:10,344
FORMING A HEADER TO GIVE IT
A NEATLY-FINISHED LOOK.
219
00:13:10,344 --> 00:13:13,517
AN AUTOMATED BELT GRINDS
ALL THE WELDS FLAT
220
00:13:13,517 --> 00:13:16,000
TO CREATE A SMOOTH FINISH.
221
00:13:21,517 --> 00:13:25,068
AFTER A CLEANING, ALL THE PARTS
TRAVEL THROUGH A BOOTH
222
00:13:25,068 --> 00:13:29,862
INSIDE WHICH 20 AUTOMATED SPRAY
GUNS COAT THEM IN POWDER PAINT.
223
00:13:29,862 --> 00:13:35,068
AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE DRAWS THE
POWDER PARTICLES ONTO THE STEEL,
224
00:13:35,068 --> 00:13:37,206
ENSURING
A THOROUGH AND EVEN COAT,
225
00:13:37,206 --> 00:13:41,275
WHICH A GIANT OVEN THEN BAKES
FOR 20 MINUTES.
226
00:13:41,275 --> 00:13:43,137
ONCE THE SURFACE COOLS,
227
00:13:43,137 --> 00:13:47,655
WORKERS INSPECT THE PAINT FINISH
TO MAKE SURE IT'S FLAWLESS.
228
00:13:52,620 --> 00:13:55,896
WORKERS APPLY HOT-MELT GLUE
ON THE INSIDE,
229
00:13:55,896 --> 00:13:58,862
ALONG WHERE
THE BOTTOM AND SIDES MEET.
230
00:13:58,862 --> 00:14:02,103
THIS MAKES THE BODY
OF THE CASKET WATERTIGHT.
231
00:14:02,103 --> 00:14:06,620
AND THEY CONDUCT A WATER TEST
TO MAKE SURE.
232
00:14:18,724 --> 00:14:20,931
THE CASKET IS LINED WITH CREPE,
233
00:14:20,931 --> 00:14:22,379
A SYNTHETIC FABRIC
234
00:14:22,379 --> 00:14:25,482
WHICH IS FORMABLE
WHEN YOU APPLY HIGH HEAT.
235
00:14:25,482 --> 00:14:29,724
THIS SPECIALLY-DESIGNED MACHINE
HEATS THE MATERIAL WITH AN IRON
236
00:14:29,724 --> 00:14:32,172
AS SERRATED WHEELS GATHER IT
INTO DECORATIVE PLEATS
237
00:14:32,172 --> 00:14:34,620
KNOWN AS SHIRRING.
238
00:14:34,620 --> 00:14:38,586
THE HIGH HEAT FORMS THE FABRIC
TO THIS SHAPE PERMANENTLY.
239
00:14:44,172 --> 00:14:47,793
SEWERS CUT AND SEW THE SHIRRED
FABRIC INTO LINING COMPONENTS.
240
00:14:50,689 --> 00:14:54,827
MEANWHILE, WORKERS MOUNT
THE CASKET'S STEEL HARDWARE,
241
00:14:54,827 --> 00:14:56,517
EITHER STATIONARY HANDLES
242
00:14:56,517 --> 00:14:59,206
OR SWING BAR HANDLES,
WHICH PIVOT.
243
00:14:59,206 --> 00:15:01,965
THEY PLACE A RUBBER GASKET
AROUND THE TOP EDGE
244
00:15:01,965 --> 00:15:05,896
TO ENSURE A PROPER SEAL
WHEN THE TOP IS CLOSED.
245
00:15:05,896 --> 00:15:08,344
THEN, THEY MOUNT THE TOP.
246
00:15:08,344 --> 00:15:11,724
THE GASKET HAS HOLES
FOR THE STEEL HINGES.
247
00:15:11,724 --> 00:15:13,034
BY THIS POINT,
248
00:15:13,034 --> 00:15:16,103
THEY'VE ALREADY ATTACHED
MOST OF THE INTERIOR FABRIC
249
00:15:16,103 --> 00:15:19,827
OVER AN INNER LINING
OF CORRUGATED CARDBOARD.
250
00:15:19,827 --> 00:15:22,965
NOW IT'S TIME
TO INSTALL THE STEEL BED,
251
00:15:22,965 --> 00:15:25,586
USING AN EXPANDABLE ROD.
252
00:15:25,586 --> 00:15:27,551
THE BED'S HEIGHT IS ADJUSTABLE,
253
00:15:27,551 --> 00:15:30,620
ENABLING FUNERAL DIRECTORS
TO ELEVATE THE DECEASED
254
00:15:30,620 --> 00:15:33,034
FOR EASIER VIEWING.
255
00:15:33,034 --> 00:15:37,103
A MATTRESS PAD AND SHEET
GO ON THE TOP OF THE BED.
256
00:15:37,103 --> 00:15:41,000
CLIPS ON EACH END
HOLD THEM IN PLACE.
257
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:44,206
A PILLOW COMPLETES THE INTERIOR.
258
00:15:44,206 --> 00:15:48,551
EVERY CASKET UNDERGOES
A THOROUGH FINAL INSPECTION,
259
00:15:48,551 --> 00:15:52,379
THEN IT'S SHIPPED TO THE
FUNERAL HOME THAT ORDERED IT.
260
00:15:52,379 --> 00:15:56,344
THE FUNERAL HOME TYPICALLY
DISPLAYS SEVERAL SAMPLE PIECES
261
00:15:56,344 --> 00:15:59,655
SHOWING THE RANGE
OF STYLES, COLORS, HARDWARE,
262
00:15:59,655 --> 00:16:04,310
AND FABRIC OPTIONS AVAILABLE
FOR A LOVED ONE'S CASKET.
263
00:16:17,689 --> 00:16:19,482
Narrator: IN THE CYCLING WORLD,
264
00:16:19,482 --> 00:16:22,413
CARBON COMPOSITE WHEELS
ARE THE WHEELS OF CHANGE.
265
00:16:22,413 --> 00:16:25,206
THEY CAN WEIGH HALF THE AMOUNT
OF TRADITIONAL METAL WHEELS,
266
00:16:25,206 --> 00:16:28,517
SO THE CYCLISTS CAN PICK UP
SPEED WITH LESS EFFORT.
267
00:16:28,517 --> 00:16:32,241
CARBON WHEELS ALSO COST
MANY TIMES MORE THAN METAL ONES,
268
00:16:32,241 --> 00:16:35,655
SO YOUR WALLET WILL ALSO
BE MORE LIGHTWEIGHT.
269
00:16:39,655 --> 00:16:41,793
FLATTER AND THINNER
THAN METAL ONES,
270
00:16:41,793 --> 00:16:43,827
THESE HIGH-TECH
CARBON BIKE WHEELS
271
00:16:43,827 --> 00:16:45,379
ARE DESIGNED TO TAKE ADVANTAGE
272
00:16:45,379 --> 00:16:47,517
OF CARBON FIBER'S
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
273
00:16:47,517 --> 00:16:51,586
AND SUPPORT THE CYCLIST'S WEIGHT
EFFICIENTLY.
274
00:16:53,482 --> 00:16:56,965
THEY START BY CUTTING
CARBON FIBER INTO PATTERNS.
275
00:16:56,965 --> 00:16:59,689
THESE ARCS ARE FOR
HALF OF A SIDE WHEEL.
276
00:16:59,689 --> 00:17:03,793
THE TECHNICIAN LAYERS THEM ONTO
A BAND OF FIBERGLASS IN A MOLD.
277
00:17:03,793 --> 00:17:07,206
THE FIBERGLASS WILL PROVIDE
A GOOD BREAKING SURFACE.
278
00:17:07,206 --> 00:17:11,413
HE DRAPES A PIECE OF NONSTICK
PLASTIC FILM OVER THE MOLD
279
00:17:11,413 --> 00:17:14,172
AND ADDS
A SILICONE PRESSURE PAD.
280
00:17:14,172 --> 00:17:17,689
HE STACKS SEVERAL
CARBON-FILLED SIDEWALL MOLDS,
281
00:17:17,689 --> 00:17:21,379
EACH WITH A SILICONE PAD
AND PLASTIC FILM.
282
00:17:21,379 --> 00:17:23,965
HE WRAPS A HEATER PAD
AND A PLASTIC VACUUM BAG
283
00:17:23,965 --> 00:17:27,793
AROUND THE STACK
AND ACTIVATES THE VACUUM.
284
00:17:27,793 --> 00:17:29,241
IT SUCKS OUT THE AIR
285
00:17:29,241 --> 00:17:32,724
TO PULL THE MELTING CARBON FIBER
TO THE SHAPE OF THE MOLDS.
286
00:17:32,724 --> 00:17:35,931
HE ADDS AN AIR BLADDER
AND METAL PLATE.
287
00:17:35,931 --> 00:17:37,827
THIS APPLIES MORE PRESSURE
288
00:17:37,827 --> 00:17:41,551
AS THE CARBON FIBER SOLIDIFIES
INTO A SIDEWALL SHAPE.
289
00:17:41,551 --> 00:17:45,586
THE NEXT TECHNICIAN LAYERS
MATERIAL FOR THE WHEEL RIMS.
290
00:17:45,586 --> 00:17:47,931
HE INSERTS
STRIPS OF CARBON FIBER
291
00:17:47,931 --> 00:17:49,827
INTO A LONG AND NARROW MOLD,
292
00:17:49,827 --> 00:17:53,620
PUSHING IT INTO THE CREVASSES
WITH A TEFLON WHEEL.
293
00:17:53,620 --> 00:17:58,034
HE APPLIES STRIPS OF CARBON
TO THE SIDES FOR REINFORCEMENT.
294
00:17:58,034 --> 00:18:00,965
HE ADDS
A RESIN-BASED FILM ADHESIVE
295
00:18:00,965 --> 00:18:03,965
FOLLOWED BY MORE CARBON FIBER.
296
00:18:03,965 --> 00:18:07,793
USING A KIND OF WEDGE,
HE AGAIN PUTS ON THE PRESSURE,
297
00:18:07,793 --> 00:18:11,206
CAUSING THE CARBON FIBER AND
FILM ADHESIVE TO STICK TOGETHER.
298
00:18:11,206 --> 00:18:15,068
HE TRANSFERS THE LONG LAYERS
TO A ROUND MOLD.
299
00:18:15,068 --> 00:18:17,034
AS WITH THE SIDEWALLS,
300
00:18:17,034 --> 00:18:20,793
HE HEATS THE RIMS UNDER PRESSURE
TO SET THE SHAPE.
301
00:18:20,793 --> 00:18:24,379
HE'LL GET FIVE WHEEL RIMS
OUT OF THIS ONE TOOL.
302
00:18:24,379 --> 00:18:27,586
THE NEXT TECHNICIAN SHAPES
CARBON-FIBER LAYERS
303
00:18:27,586 --> 00:18:29,551
AROUND A METAL SHAFT
304
00:18:29,551 --> 00:18:34,310
AND FLARES THEM OUT
TO FORM THE WHEEL'S HUB FLANGES.
305
00:18:34,310 --> 00:18:36,172
SHE SMOOTHES THE CREASES,
306
00:18:36,172 --> 00:18:39,413
THEN PREPARES
FOR THE VACUUM PRESSURE CURING,
307
00:18:39,413 --> 00:18:41,965
PLACING A PIECE
OF NONSTICK PLASTIC
308
00:18:41,965 --> 00:18:45,413
AND A SILICONE MANDREL ASSEMBLY
ON TOP.
309
00:18:45,413 --> 00:18:50,413
SHE STACKS THE FLANGES
AND SLIDES A TUBE AROUND THEM.
310
00:18:52,344 --> 00:18:54,620
SHE BOLTS ON A LID.
311
00:18:54,620 --> 00:18:56,793
THEN IT'S INTO AN OVEN
312
00:18:56,793 --> 00:19:00,482
TO BAKE UNDER PRESSURE
FOR ABOUT FOUR HOURS.
313
00:19:00,482 --> 00:19:03,965
THIS TRANSFORMS
EACH PATCHWORK OF CARBON FIBER
314
00:19:03,965 --> 00:19:08,241
INTO A SOLID, SEAMLESS
BIKE WHEEL FLANGE.
315
00:19:08,241 --> 00:19:11,344
THEY'LL NOW ASSEMBLE THE WHEEL.
316
00:19:11,344 --> 00:19:14,689
THE TECHNICIAN INSERTS
FLAT CARBON-FIBER SPOKES
317
00:19:14,689 --> 00:19:18,068
INTO HOLES
IN ONE HALF OF A SIDEWALL.
318
00:19:18,068 --> 00:19:23,241
ADHESIVE AND CARBON FIBER WILL
BOND THE SPOKES TO THE SIDEWALL.
319
00:19:24,758 --> 00:19:26,551
HE PLACES A CARBON-FIBER PATCH
320
00:19:26,551 --> 00:19:29,344
WHERE THE END OF THE SPOKE MEETS
THE SIDEWALL
321
00:19:29,344 --> 00:19:30,931
AND TAPES IT THERE.
322
00:19:30,931 --> 00:19:33,413
WITH ALL THE SPOKES IN POSITION,
323
00:19:33,413 --> 00:19:36,758
HE LOWERS THE LID
AND APPLIES MECHANICAL PRESSURE.
324
00:19:36,758 --> 00:19:40,620
THE SPOKES BOND TO THE SIDEWALL,
AND IT'S READY FOR THE RIM.
325
00:19:40,620 --> 00:19:43,517
WITH THE HELP OF A LOCATING PIN,
326
00:19:43,517 --> 00:19:46,551
THE TECHNICIAN POSITIONS THE RIM
ON THE SIDEWALL.
327
00:19:46,551 --> 00:19:51,758
HE ALSO USES THIS CARBON-FIBER
RING AS AN ALIGNMENT TOOL.
328
00:19:51,758 --> 00:19:53,793
HE PLACES
THE OTHER SIDEWALL HALF,
329
00:19:53,793 --> 00:19:56,206
WITH SPOKES ATTACHED, ON TOP.
330
00:19:56,206 --> 00:20:01,275
THE GEOMETRY IS PRECISE FOR
MAXIMUM STRENGTH AND RESILIENCE.
331
00:20:01,275 --> 00:20:03,862
AFTER ANOTHER COMPRESSED BAKE,
332
00:20:03,862 --> 00:20:06,413
HE APPLIES ADHESIVE
TO THE ENDS OF THE SPOKES
333
00:20:06,413 --> 00:20:09,413
AND ATTACHES THEM
TO HUB FLANGES.
334
00:20:09,413 --> 00:20:13,758
HE PLACES A METAL SPACER
BETWEEN THE TWO FLANGES FOR NOW
335
00:20:13,758 --> 00:20:15,482
AND TAPES THE SPOKES
336
00:20:15,482 --> 00:20:17,965
TO PREVENT ADHESIVE
FROM TRICKLING DOWN ONTO THEM
337
00:20:17,965 --> 00:20:20,689
DURING THE HEATING PROCESS.
338
00:20:20,689 --> 00:20:24,517
HE ADDS A PIECE OF RELEASE FILM
AND A SILICONE PRESSURE PAD.
339
00:20:24,517 --> 00:20:27,758
HE CLIPS METAL SPLINTS
TO THE CARBON-FIBER SPOKES
340
00:20:27,758 --> 00:20:30,068
TO SUPPORT THEM
THROUGH THE CURE.
341
00:20:30,068 --> 00:20:33,275
AND, WITH THE SPOKES NOW
PRESSURE-BONDED TO THE FLANGES,
342
00:20:33,275 --> 00:20:35,379
IT'S TIME FOR FINE-TUNING.
343
00:20:35,379 --> 00:20:37,448
THE TECHNICIAN LOCKS
THE BIKE WHEEL
344
00:20:37,448 --> 00:20:41,517
IN A FIXTURE THAT STRETCHES
THE SPOKES SLIGHTLY.
345
00:20:41,517 --> 00:20:45,206
THIS CREATES THE NECESSARY
TENSION AND RIGIDITY.
346
00:20:45,206 --> 00:20:47,241
ONCE HE'S SATISFIED
WITH THE TENSIONING,
347
00:20:47,241 --> 00:20:52,310
HE APPLIES RESIN ADHESIVE
THROUGH A HOLE IN A HUB FLANGE.
348
00:20:52,310 --> 00:20:55,172
TWO HOURS IN AN OVEN
SETS THE TENSIONING,
349
00:20:55,172 --> 00:20:59,137
AND HE REMOVES THE WHEEL
FROM THE FIXTURE.
350
00:20:59,137 --> 00:21:03,000
AFTER CLEANING AND
THE APPLICATION OF GRAPHICS,
351
00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:06,620
THE CARBON-FIBER BIKE WHEEL
JUST NEEDS A RUBBER TIRE,
352
00:21:06,620 --> 00:21:09,413
AND IT'S READY TO GO FOR A SPIN.
353
00:21:22,034 --> 00:21:24,448
IF YOU HAVE ANY COMMENTS
ABOUT THE SHOW,
354
00:21:24,448 --> 00:21:27,448
OR IF YOU'D LIKE TO
SUGGEST TOPICS FOR FUTURE SHOWS,
355
00:21:27,448 --> 00:21:30,379
DROP US A LINE AT...
28764
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.