All language subtitles for How.Its.Made.S15E05.Lawn.Bowls.and.Model.Jets.1080p.AMZN.WEB-DL.DDP2.0.H.264-SLAG_track4_[eng]

--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

Narrator: ITS NAME CAN BE A BIT
OF A TONGUE-TWISTER --

"WUSS-TE-SHIRE" SAUCE,
"WOOS-TER-SHEER" SAUCE,

"WUSS-TE-SURE" SAUCE.

ALL THOSE PRONUNCIATIONS
ARE ACCEPTABLE,

AS ARE THE ENDLESS WAYS
TO USE THIS CONDIMENT,

FROM FLAVORING BEEF RECIPES
AND SALAD DRESSINGS

TO JOINING TOMATO JUICE
AND VODKA IN A BLOODY MARY.

IN THE EARLY 1800s,

AN ENGLISH NOBLEMAN
IN THE COUNTY OF WORCESTER

HIRED TWO LOCAL CHEMISTS,

JOHN LEA AND WILLIAM PERRINS,

TO DUPLICATE A SAUCE HE HAD
TASTED WHILE TRAVELING IN INDIA.

THE RESULTING CONCOCTION
WAS UNPALATABLE,

SO THEY RELEGATED IT
TO THE CELLAR.

YEARS LATER, THEY CAME ACROSS IT

DURING A CELLAR CLEANUP
AND GAVE IT ANOTHER TASTE.

LO AND BEHOLD, THE SAUCE HAD
MATURED AND WAS NOW DELICIOUS.

THEY CHRISTENED THEIR CREATION
"WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE"

AND WENT INTO BUSINESS.

TODAY,
MORE THAN 170 YEARS LATER,

THAT SAME COMPANY
PRODUCES THAT VERY RECIPE,

THE SPECIFICS OF WHICH REMAIN
A CLOSELY-GUARDED SECRET.

THE PROCESS BEGINS
WITH ONIONS AND GARLIC

PICKLED IN MALT VINEGAR
FOR ONE TO TWO YEARS.

INSIDE THE PICKLING BARRELS,
THE BULBS SLOWLY LIQUEFY,

THEIR FLAVOR
INFUSING THE LIQUID.

OTHER BARRELS CONTAIN ANCHOVIES

CURED IN SALT
FOR SEVERAL MONTHS.

ADDITIONAL INGREDIENTS INCLUDE
SALT, SUGAR, WHITE VINEGAR...

MALT VINEGAR...

TAMARIND CONCENTRATE...

MOLASSES...

AND A TOP-SECRET BLEND
OF FLAVORINGS AND SPICES.

STARTING WITH THE TWO VINEGARS,

WORKERS POUR THE INGREDIENTS
ONE AT A TIME

INTO GIGANTIC BLENDING TANKS.

THERE GOES
THE TAMARIND CONCENTRATE.

NOW THE ANCHOVIES.

THE INGREDIENT PROPORTIONS
ARE TOP SECRET,

AS IS THE PRESCRIBED MIXING TIME
BETWEEN INGREDIENTS.

NOW THE PICKLED ONIONS
AND GARLIC...

...SUGAR AND SALT...

AND THAT SECRET BLEND
OF FLAVORINGS AND SPICES.

NEXT, THEY PUMP THE MIXTURE
INTO MATURATION TANKS.

THERE, OVER THE COURSE
OF SEVERAL MONTHS,

THE INGREDIENTS AGE
AND INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER,

UNDERGOING COMPLEX CHANGES
IN THEIR NATURAL CHEMISTRY

WHICH PRODUCE THE SAUCE'S
DISTINCTIVE FLAVOR.

AGITATORS ROTATE INTERMITTENTLY

TO KEEP THE INGREDIENTS
WELL-BLENDED.

THE SAUCE
THEN GOES THROUGH A SIEVE,

THEN THROUGH A PRESS,

FOLLOWED BY ANOTHER CYCLE
OF BLENDING AND STRAINING.

THE SAUCE IS A SMOOTH LIQUID
BY THE TIME IT PROGRESSES

TO THE NEXT PHASE --
PASTEURIZATION.

THIS PROCESS HEATS THE SAUCE
TO KILL OFF ORGANISMS,

ENSURING OPTIMAL FLAVOR
FOR AT LEAST 18 MONTHS.

THE SAUCE NEEDS NO ARTIFICIAL
PRESERVATIVES WHATSOEVER

BECAUSE THE VINEGARS IT CONTAINS

ARE NATURAL
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS.

THE BOTTLING PROCESS
IS ENTIRELY AUTOMATED.

THE FACTORY PRODUCES
DIFFERENT FORMATS.

THIS ONE IS MODELED AFTER THE
ORIGINAL BOTTLE FROM THE 1830s.

THE MACHINERY CLOSES EACH BOTTLE

WITH A ONE-PIECE,
PLASTIC FLIP-TOP CAP.

INSIDE, THERE'S A SMALL HOLE
TO ENSURE THE SAUCE

DISPENSES
AT THE RIGHT FLOW RATE.

THIS PREVENTS ACCIDENTALLY
POURING TOO MUCH SAUCE.

AS EACH BOTTLE
ENTERS THE LABELING MACHINE,

AN ARM DESCENDS ONTO THE CAP.

THE MACHINE APPLIES GLUE
TO A LABEL,

SLAPS IT ON THE BOTTLE,

THEN THE ARM SPINS THE BOTTLE
AGAINST BRUSHES

THAT PUSH THE EDGES
OF THE LABEL FLAT.

THEN, DEPENDING ON THE FORMAT
THEY'RE PACKAGING,

THE EQUIPMENT GROUPS
6 OR 12 BOTTLES TOGETHER

AND, FROM UNDERNEATH,
FOLDS A CARTON AROUND THEM.

THEN IT SHRINK-WRAPS THE CARTON,

WHICH THEN JOINS OTHERS
ON A PALLET.

THE PRODUCTION PROCESS
AND RECIPE

HAVE REMAINED
ESSENTIALLY THE SAME

SINCE WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE
WAS FIRST BOTTLED IN 1835.

Narrator: LAWN BOWLING
IS A QUIET, CIVILIZED GAME,

NOT SOMETHING
YOU'D EXPECT TO BE OUTLAWED.

BUT IN 16th-CENTURY ENGLAND,

HENRY VIII BANNED LAWN BOWLING
AMONG COMMONERS

BECAUSE IT WAS A DISTRACTION
FROM WORK.

IT TOOK A COUPLE OF CENTURIES
BEFORE HIS BAN WAS LIFTED,

AND THE GAME
BECAME COMPLETELY LEGIT.

IN LAWN BOWLING, THE PATH
TO VICTORY IS NOT STRAIGHT.

THE BOWL IS DESIGNED
TO ROLL IN A CURVE

TOWARDS THE OBJECT BALL --

THE SMALLER YELLOW ONE
CALLED THE JACK.

FOR MANY YEARS, LAWN BOWLS
WERE MADE OF A TROPICAL HARDWOOD

CALLED LIGNUM VITAE,

BUT AS THIS WOOD
HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY RARE,

MANUFACTURERS
HAVE TURNED TO MELAMINE.

AND UNLIKE WOOD,
MELAMINE DOESN'T CHANGE SHAPE

WITH TEMPERATURE
AND HUMIDITY FLUCTUATIONS.

PRODUCTION BEGINS
WITH MELAMINE GRANULES

THAT HAVE BEEN PRE-DYED
IN A VARIETY OF COLORS

TO APPEAL
TO INDIVIDUAL PREFERENCES.

AN EMPLOYEE SCOOPS THE GRANULES
INTO A TUB AND WEIGHS THEM.

LAWN BOWLS COME IN A RANGE
OF SIZES TO FIT DIFFERENT HANDS,

SO THE WEIGHT VARIES
ACCORDINGLY.

HE DRAPES A CLOTH
OVER THE MELAMINE GRANULES

AND HOLDS IT IN PLACE
WITH PIECES OF WOOD.

THEN IT'S INTO A MACHINE
CALLED A PRE-HEATER.

IT USES HIGH-FREQUENCY
RADIO WAVES

TO MELT THE PLASTIC INTO PUTTY.

THE CLOTH ABSORBS MOISTURE
GENERATED IN THE PROCESS.

ALL THOSE MELAMINE BITS HAVE NOW
MERGED INTO A MALLEABLE MASS.

HE SQUEEZES IT
TO RESHAPE IT A BIT

SO IT CAN BE INSERTED
INTO A MOLDING PRESS.

THIS 150-TON PRESS FORCES THE
PLASTIC DOUGH INTO A HOT MOLD

TO SHAPE IT INTO A LAWN BOWL.

THIS LAWN BOWL MAY LOOK ROUND,
BUT IT'S NOT A PERFECT SPHERE.

THIS SLIGHTLY IRREGULAR SHAPE

WILL CAUSE IT
TO ROLL INTO A CURVE.

HE MARKS THE SIZE
AND OTHER INFORMATION ONTO IT,

AND THEN IT'S OVER
TO A COMPUTERIZED LATHE.

IT SPINS THE LAWN BOWL
WHILE THE BLADE CARVES IT

TO PERFECT
THAT ASYMMETRICAL SHAPE.

OTHER TOOLS THEN ETCH TWO ROWS
OF HALF-MOONS ONTO THE SURFACE.

THIS ENGRAVED PATTERN MAKES
THE LAWN BOWL EASIER TO GRIP.

THE NEXT BLADE
SLICES OFF THE NUBS

USED TO SPIN THE LAWN BOWL
IN THE LATHE.

IT ALSO SMOOTHES THE SURFACE

UNTIL ALL EVIDENCE
OF THE NUBS DISAPPEARS.

THIS RECEPTACLE
USES SUCTION POWER

TO HOLD THE LAWN BOWL STEADY

WHILE A CAROUSEL
MOVES IT FORWARD

TO UNDERGO A VIGOROUS POLISHING.

THE POLISHER RUBS PASTE
ONTO THE SURFACE

TO BUFF THE LAWN BOWL
TO AN EVEN SHEEN.

A ROBOT THEN TURNS
THE LAWN BOWL UPSIDE DOWN

TO EXPOSE THE UNPOLISHED SIDE...

THEN PUTS IT BACK
IN THE RECEPTACLE

SO THE POLISHER CAN BUFF
THIS SIDE OF THE LAWN BOWL.

THE ENTIRE LAWN BOWL NOW GLEAMS,

AND AN UNPOLISHED BOWL NEXT
TO IT LOOKS DULL BY COMPARISON.

BUT THERE'S MORE POLISHING
TO COME.

THE NEXT MACHINE SPINS THE LAWN
BOWL AGAINST ANOTHER POLISHER.

THIS ONE APPLIES A FINER-GRADE
COMPOUND TO IT.

DOWN THE LINE,
LASERS MOVE IN UNISON

TO ENGRAVE THE SAME EMBLEM
ONTO FOUR BOWLS.

IT'S A SCOTTISH THISTLE,

ONE OF OVER 4,000
TEAM INSIGNIAS AVAILABLE

IN THIS PRODUCTION FACILITY.

EACH LAWN BOWL THEN GOES
FOR ANOTHER SPIN,

AND AN EMPLOYEE PAINTS OVER
ALL THE DETAIL WORK.

HE WIPES THE PAINT
FROM THE SURFACE,

BUT IT REMAINS IN THE ENGRAVINGS
TO ACCENTUATE THEM.

SOME LAWN BOWLS
GET TWO-TONE PAINT JOBS.

THE WORKER BRUSHES RED PAINT
INTO A HAWK ENGRAVING,

WHICH PROVIDES A NICE CONTRAST
TO THE YELLOW DETAIL WORK.

THEN IT'S OVER
TO THE TESTING DEPARTMENT,

WHERE THEY ROLL EACH BOWL DOWN
A CHUTE AND CHECK ITS SWERVE.

THEY ALSO VERIFY THAT EACH BOWL

LANDS IN APPROXIMATELY THE SAME
SPOT AS THE MASTER BOWL,

WHICH MEANS THEY'RE ALL EQUAL

AND THEY CONFORM
TO WORLD STANDARDS.

INCLUDING COOLING TIME
BETWEEN PROCESSES,

IT TAKES ABOUT TWO DAYS
TO MAKE A LAWN BOWL.

BUT ONCE THE WORK IS DONE,
IT'S ALL FUN AND GAMES.

Narrator:
RADIO-CONTROLLED MODEL JETS

FIRST FLEW ONTO THE RADAR
IN THE 1970s

AND HAVE SINCE EVOLVED INTO
SOPHISTICATED FLYING MACHINES.

MANY HAVE TURBINE ENGINES
AND USE REAL JET FUEL.

THEY ALLOW PEOPLE WHO WOULD
OTHERWISE NEVER PILOT A JET

TO EXPERIENCE THE THRILL
OF FLIGHT

WITH BOTH FEET ON THE GROUND.

RADIO-CONTROLLED MODEL JETS CAN
ROLL AND DIVE LIKE ACTUAL JETS.

AND THEY CAN REACH SPEEDS
OF UP TO 280 MILES AN HOUR.

OPERATING ONE
ISN'T CHILD'S PLAY.

IT TAKES PRACTICE AND SKILL

TO PILOT THIS KIND
OF MODEL AIRCRAFT.

IT ALSO TAKES MONEY
BECAUSE THEY COST UP TO $20,000.

MAKING A MODEL JET
BEGINS WITH THE PAINT JOB.

THEY AIRBRUSH DESIGNS
DIRECTLY INTO THE MOLDS

THAT WILL BE USED
TO SHAPE VARIOUS PARTS.

THIS PARTICULAR MOLD
WILL BE USED

TO MAKE ONE HALF
OF A WING SHELL.

WHEN THE PAINT DRIES, THEY ROLL
EPOXY RESIN INTO THE MOLD...

...THEN PUT DOWN A LAYER
OF FIBERGLASS.

THEY REINFORCE THE FIBERGLASS
WITH SUPERSTRONG CARBON FIBER,

THEN BRUSH ON MORE EPOXY RESIN.

THE NEXT LAYER IS BALSA,

A LIGHTWEIGHT WOOD
FROM SOUTH AMERICA.

THEY APPLY CARBON FIBER
TO SECTIONS OF THE WING

WHERE PARTS ARE TO BE ATTACHED.

ANOTHER SHEET OF FIBERGLASS,
AND EPOXY IS THE FINAL LAYER.

NOW THEY ADD A LAYER
OF ABSORBENT MATERIAL,

THEN SANDWICH THE MOLD
IN PLASTIC FILM.

THEY INSTALL A CONNECTOR FOR
A VACUUM HOSE AND HOOK IT UP.

THE VACUUM PULLS OUT THE AIR,
SQUEEZING THE LAYERS TOGETHER.

THEN THEY BAKE THE UNIT,
WHICH ACTIVATES THE EPOXY,

FUSING THE MATERIALS TOGETHER.

NEXT, THEY ASSEMBLE THE WOODEN
FRAMEWORK FOR THE WINGS.

THEY REINFORCE IT
WITH STRIPS OF CARBON FIBER

AND APPLY EPOXY ON THE EDGES.

THE MODEL MAKERS CAREFULLY
INSTALL THE FRAMEWORK

ON THE WING SHELL.

THEY APPLY AN EXTRA RIB
ALONG THE WING TIP...

...SLIDE ALUMINUM CYLINDERS
INTO TUBES IN THE FRAMEWORK,

THEN BEAD MORE EPOXY ALONG
THE WING SHELL'S PERIMETER.

THEY USE HIGH-STRENGTH ADHESIVE

IN STRATEGIC PARTS
OF THE FRAMEWORK

TO ATTACH THE OTHER HALF
OF THE MOLDED WING.

THEY BOLT THE MOLDS TOGETHER

AND SET THE ASSEMBLY ASIDE
TO ALLOW THE EPOXY TO CURE.

AFTER A FEW HOURS,
THEY EXTRACT THE WING,

ITS ARTWORK NICELY TRANSFERRED

FROM THE INSIDE SURFACE
OF THE MOLD.

MACHINERY THEN CUTS HOLES
IN THE WING

FOR INSTALLING LANDING GEAR
AND MOTORS CALLED SERVOS.

THIS ROUTER
IS COMPUTER PROGRAMMED

TO MAKE PERFECT CUTS WITHOUT
DAMAGING THE INTERNAL FRAMEWORK.

THIS IS CRITICAL BECAUSE
JUST A FRACTION OF AN INCH OFF,

AND THE ROUTER WOULD DESTROY
THE CAREFULLY CRAFTED WING.

THE MODELER NOW PERFORATES THE
FIBERGLASS LAYER OF THE WING.

HE'S CREATING A HINGED SECTION
CALLED AN AILERON.

IT'S A CONTROL SURFACE THAT WILL
CAUSE THE PLANE TO TURN OR ROLL.

THE AILERONS
AND OTHER CONTROL SURFACES

WILL BE POWERED BY SERVOMOTORS.

THE FRONT FUSELAGE SHELL
HAS BEEN MOLDED

AND IS NOW READY TO BE REVEALED.

LIKE THE WINGS,
THE BODY OF THIS MODEL JET

NEEDS A SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK

ALONG WITH BRACKETS
FOR ATTACHMENTS.

ANOTHER COMPUTERIZED ROUTER

CARVES THEM OUT OF MULTILAYERED
CARBON-FIBER BOARD.

THE MODELER GLUES THESE PARTS
INSIDE THE FUSELAGE

AND THE TAIL OF THE JET.

COMING UP NEXT,

THIS MODEL JET GETS ITS WINGS
AND PREPARES FOR TAKEOFF.

Narrator: CONTROLLING ONE
OF THESE JETS IS CHALLENGING

AND REQUIRES CONCENTRATION.

THESE ARE EXPENSIVE TOYS,
AND THE LEARNING CURVE IS STEEP.

ONE BAD LANDING,

AND THIS MODEL JET COULD END UP
IN A CRUMPLED HEAP.

IT'S WHY FLYERS HONE
THEIR SKILLS AT AIRFIELDS

AND TEST THEM
IN INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS.

BACK AT THE FACTORY,

THE MOLDED PIECES OF THIS
MODEL JET ARE COMING TOGETHER.

THEY ATTACH THE WINGS
TO THE FUSELAGE

USING THE CYLINDERS
INSTALLED EARLIER.

THEN THE MODELER
MOVES TO THE AIRCRAFT'S TAIL

AND ATTACHES THE STABILIZERS...

THE RUDDER...

AND THE VERTICAL FIN.

SUPER-STRENGTH GLUE
CEMENTS THE ASSEMBLY.

NEXT, THEY BUILD THE MOTOR.

THIS ONE IS A DUCTED-FAN
ELECTRIC SYSTEM,

A TYPE USED IN SMALLER JETS.

THE MODELER FIRST ASSEMBLES
THE CASING

THAT WILL HOLD THE FAN
AND ITS MOTOR.

HE SLIDES AIRFOILS
INTO THE CASING

TO CREATE FOUR DUCTS,

WHICH WILL PROPERLY CHANNEL
THE FLOW OF AIR.

HE SLIDES THE ELECTRIC MOTOR
INTO THE ALUMINUM HUB...

...THEN ANCHORS THE ASSEMBLY

WITH A SCREW
FROM THE OTHER SIDE.

THE NEXT PART
IS A SPEED-CONTROL MECHANISM.

HE SOLDERS ITS WIRES TO THOSE
PROTRUDING FROM THE MOTOR.

HE ENCLOSES THE MECHANISM
IN A VENTED TUBE,

THEN SETS THE ASSEMBLY ASIDE
TEMPORARILY.

NOW FOCUS TURNS TO THE FAN,

WHICH HE HOOKS UP
TO A TESTING DEVICE.

AS THE FAN SPINS,

THE MACHINE ANALYZES IT
FOR VIBRATIONS

THAT WOULD INDICATE THE BLADES
ARE OUT OF BALANCE.

THE GAUGE SHOWS
IT'S VIBRATING SLIGHTLY,

SO HE MAKES ADJUSTMENTS,
AND THEN IT'S READY TO INSTALL.

HE ATTACHES THE FAN
TO THE MOTOR SHAFT

AND SECURES IT WITH A BOLT
IN THE CENTER.

IT'S NOW TIME TO POWER UP
THIS MOTOR AT A TEST STATION.

HE BRINGS IT UP TO FULL THROTTLE

AND MEASURES THE THRUST
IT GENERATES.

IT PASSES THE TEST,

SO HE INSTALLS IT
IN THE MODEL JET'S FUSELAGE.

LATER, THIS DUCTED FAN MOTOR

WILL BE CONNECTED
TO A BATTERY PACK.

NOW HE MOVES ON
TO THE LANDING GEAR

AND ATTACHES AIR CYLINDERS
TO THE FRONT AND REAR WHEELS.

PUMPING AIR INTO THESE CYLINDERS

WILL CAUSE THE WHEELS TO RETRACT
AFTER TAKEOFF.

THIS SYSTEM WILL ALSO CAUSE THE
WHEELS TO ENGAGE FOR LANDING.

NEXT, A SHEET OF CLEAR
THERMOPLASTIC IS TRANSFORMED

INTO COCKPIT-CANOPY PARTS.

A MACHINE HEATS THE PLASTIC,

THEN VACUUM-SHRINKS IT
TO TWO MOLDS.

THE PLASTIC HARDENS IN SECONDS

TO CREATE TWO CLEAR PLASTIC
BUBBLES FOR THE JET CANOPY.

THEY MOLD THE COCKPIT SHELL
IN TWO SECTIONS

USING THE SAME TECHNIQUE.

WITH THE COCKPIT NOW INSTALLED
AND A DOLL FOR A PILOT,

THIS '50s-ERA KOREAN WAR JET
REPLICA IS IN FIGHTING FORM.

ALL THAT'S LEFT IS TO INSTALL
THE RADIO-CONTROL SYSTEM,

WHICH WILL BE DONE
BY THE OPERATOR AFTER PURCHASE.

FROM NOSE TO TAIL, THE ATTENTION
TO DETAIL ISIMPRESSIVE.

SOME OF THESE MODEL JETS
EVEN HAVE GAS-TURBINE ENGINES

FOR ADDED AUTHENTICITY.

WITH RADIO CONTROLS INSTALLED,

THIS TURBINE MODEL JET IS READY
TO TAXI DOWN THE RUNWAY.

THE OPERATOR DOES ONE LAST CHECK
OF THE CONTROL SURFACES,

THEN IT'S TIME FOR TAKEOFF.

MINIATURE TURBINE ENGINES

SOUND AND WORK LIKE THOSE
OF A BIG JET.

THESE JETS RUMBLE AND SOAR

AND CAN BE MADE TO PERFORM
MANY AEROBATIC STUNTS.

OF COURSE, IT ALL HINGES ON BOTH
THE SKILL OF THE OPERATOR

AND A JOB WELL DONE
AT THE FACTORY.

BUT THIS LOOKS LIKE
ANOTHER SUCCESSFUL LANDING.

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