All language subtitles for The.Substance.Albert.Hoffmans.LSD.2013.1080p.AMZN.WEB-DL.DDP2.0.x264-NTb

(haunting, ethereal music)

(liquid drop)

(haunting, ethereal music)

(seagulls cawing)

(haunting, ethereal music)

- [Voiceover] The fraction

of a milligram and everything changes.

A molecule that alters our perception.

Once experienced, it
can never be forgotten.

(deep, haunting music)

(birds chirping)

(slow, ethereal music)

- [Voiceover] It began
on the 16th of April,

1943 in Switzerland.

Undisturbed by the terror
of the Second World War,

chemist Albert Hofmann,
was exploring medicine

for blood circulation.

(liquid dripping)

This young father had found his job

of a lifetime at the Basel Sandoz Company.

(haunting, ethereal music)

But on that day in
April, he must have come

into contact with an unknown substance.

Three days later, Albert Hofmann decided

to experiment on himself.

Being a cautious scientist,
he took a very weak dosage.

But this substance was far stronger

than anything known in
science research to date.

His first self-experiment
was a trip into the unknown.

(haunting, wondrous music)

(background noise drowns out other noise)

- [Voiceover] I believe

that every healthy person should try it.

- [Voiceover] What happens
to you when you take a dose

of this strange new drug called LSD?

- [Voiceover] In less than two hours,

LSD will be (background
noise drowns out other noise)

- [Voiceover] Now, as a
volunteer testing subject,

his training is worthless.

(rushing, haunting and ethereal music)

- [Voiceover] Albert Hoffman worked

in his natural science
laboratory with ergot.

It's a black fungus that
grows mostly on rye.

Ergot has been known in natural medicines

since the Middle Ages.

But one of the new substances
he isolated did not affect

the circulatory system as expected,

but the human psyche instead,

lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD,

After first clinical tests in Switzerland,

Sandoz decided to release
LSD for production,

and the novel drug
attracted enormous interest

from psychiatrists all over the world.

(train chugging)

(train whistle blowing)

- Sandoz saw the opportunity
to offer something

quite amazing to the psychiatric

and psychological circulars, so they were

actually sending samples of LSD

to universities' research institutes,

individual therapies,
and they were asking,

"Would you work with
it and give us feedback

"if there's any legitimate
use for this substance?"

So it came to The
Psychiatric Clinic in Prague.

(footsteps)

My first LSD experience
was extremely powerful.

It really completely changed
my life professionally,

and also personally.

And I said, "This is by far
the most interesting thing you

can do when you're a
psychiatrist is to study

these non-ordinary
states of consciousness."

So this is what happened in the last

over 50 years.

Whatever I did professionally,
in one way or another,

was related to these non-ordinary states.

As I was sitting in session
after session with artists,

with professionals, and
writing the reports.

In the early years of the
experimentation, we thought

about the LSD session as
experimental psychosis.

(speaking foreign language)

That somehow pharmacologically
we create some kind

of phantasmagoria that
happens to be similar

to what psychotic patients experience,

so it was a model of psychosis.

(hypnotic music)

And if we can somehow identify
what's happening there,

we'll be able also to find a substance

that would neutralize
it, so that people have

a test tube solution for

the most important problem

in psychiatry, you know,
schizophrenia, and other psychoses,

which would be like a
Holy Grail in psychiatry.

(trippy, hypnotic music)

(trippy, hypnotic music)

- Three drops of

this colorless, odorless tasteless liquid

would put you out of your mind for hours.

If you haven't heard of LSD, you will.

Impregnating sugar cubes is
a common black market form.

Sometimes a dose for a
dozen is counted invisibly

in a piece of blotting paper.

An effective dose is incredibly small.

These cubes contain only 150 micrograms.

Why are you taking it?

- To get high.

- What do you mean by that?

- Expanded consciousness. More awareness.

- How does it compare with
getting high on alcohol?

- I've never been high on alcohol.

- It's the opposite. It
just seems to block you.

- And then does what?

- It opens you up.

- You can get more aware of things.

- What kind of things?

- Everything.

(quiet, reflective music)

- Are these people getting revelations

from outside themselves
or are they wallowing

in delusions brought about
by the drug's distortion

of normal brain parts and processes.

How permanent is it, and is
it reflective in behavior?

(quiet, reflective music)

- Colors.

Just colors.
- [Voiceover] Just colors?

Is it moving colors?

Yes. No, it's not patterns.

- It's not patterns?

What kind of color are
you seeing at the moment?

- Green, orange, everything
centered around orange.

- And are they moving fast?

- No.

(trippy, ethereal music)

- When I moved into clinical work

our approach was called
psycholytic therapy, which was

basically use of the

small or medium dosages,

but a whole series of sessions.

The process was more like a
sort of gradual penetrating,

like a kind of a chemo-archeology
in the psyche layer.

Then I found out that there
was tremendous variability

of the sessions, not
just inter-individual,

but if you take it
repeatedly, each session

will be significantly different,

and there was a progression.

So I started thinking
about something like LSD

as a capitalist so that it doesn't create

these experiences, but
it makes them accessible.

With this kind of understanding,
LSD becomes comparable

to what the microscope is
for biology or medicine,

or what the telescope is for astronomy.

We don't think that the
microscope creates worlds

that are not there.

The something is already there,

but we cannot study it without the tool.

Same thing with the
telescope does not create

all the billions of galaxies.

Obviously, they have been there.

They are there, but we need
the telescope to study them.

(dramatic, dark music)

(war plane accelerating overhead)

(background noise drowns out other noise)

- [Voiceover] Coordinated
with the United States

and the Canadian governments,
that that (inaudible)

warning screens has been
warned of an approaching enemy.

It (inaudible) not only the
security of the United States,

but the security of the whole free world.

- [Voiceover] During the
Cold War, other groups

became interested in the new wonder drug.

LSD attracted the attention

of international secret services.

In the fore was the American CIA.

- The Central Intelligence
Agency was interested

in LSD because it sought
to develop a truth serum,

an interrogation weapon for questioning

enemy spies suspected of
disloyal people within the CIA,

any occasion that might
require soliciting information

for people against their
will, in order to gain

an advantage to loosen their
tongue to pry into their mind.

This was the idea that the CIA had.

- Do you know where you are?

Where are you?

- [Martin] They knew it was very powerful.

They suspected it could be very helpful,

but they didn't know much about it.

So they turned to outside institutions,

outside experts, to conduct research.

Some of this research turned
out to be pretty nasty.

There was a special case up in Canada

at the Allan Memorial
Institute in Montreal,

where people were essentially
used as guinea pigs

for a terrible experiment.

The idea was you break a
person's mental patterns down

by giving them high doses of LSD.

When that phase was over,
they would put them to sleep

for a long time using a
sedative, and then engage

in a process called psychic driving,

where they'd have the
same message piped in

over and over again, thousands of times,

to see if they could instill this idea

in terms of creating a new personality.

It was classic brainwashing.

(dark, slow music)

The CI wanted always a certain result.

They wanted to be able to
predict what would happen,

and then do something to make
that prediction come true.

LSD didn't always work
that way, and they found

they ran into problems because
it was an unpredictable drug.

(helicopter propellers whirring)

The US Army had more grandiose ideas

about what they could do with LSD.

In essence, the US Army wanted
to develop LSD as a weapon

of war, as a psycho chemical weapon

that they could spray over a city.

It would make everybody
crazy for a temporary period,

and the enemy soldiers
were helpless to resist

because they were under
the influence of LSD.

A war without death, a
LSD warfare was the idea.

- [Voiceover] Here is a
group of normal soldiers

responding correctly to a series
of routine drill commands.

After receiving a small does of LSD,

they're confused and undisciplined.

- The idea of being able to
subdue, like say, the enemy,

without harming them or killing
them, was very appealing.

LSD was of interest because

it was the most powerful drug

available at that time
to treat people with

with psychedelic effects and so on,

or to alter their behavior, which the CIA

was interested in doing,
and we weren't interested

in either of those things.

We were interested in finding something

that would impair performance
in the battlefield.

Because LSD made some
volunteers uncooperative,

we wanted to have a small
contained space where

we could have the individual
sit, and we could televise him,

as well as the psychiatrist
asking him questions.

You find the sensation unpleasant?

- No, great.

- You like it?

- Very much.

- When you see things, where
do you see things most clearly?

In the central part of your vision, or--

- Left, about the ends of
my triple vision though,

this stuff drives ya crazy.

- Say that again?

- Nothing's going on, a whirr.

- Oh, your peripheral vision?

- Yeah, way in the outer core.

- I see, but the central vision is okay?

- Oh, fine.

- Take seven from 92.

- Seven from 92? (sigh)

Tried.

- Individuals react to the
stress of LSD in various ways.

Here's a subject who succumbs
to what has been called

cosmic laughter, as he
realizes his predicament.

- Let's get going. I need a cigarette.

(hysterical laughter)

Ah, come on, I'm serious now.

If I can you. (hysterical laughter)

- We didn't think that was
the kind of result we wanted

to produce in a battlefield situation.

It would probably be dangerous for us.

We might end up on the receiving end

of an ill-advised bomb

or heavy-duty weapon,

and we were not interested
in provoking that.

- This is Delta One, over.

- [Voiceover] Delta
One, this is Alpha One.

It is now one, two, three, two hours.

(dramatic music)

(birds chirping)

(seagulls cawing)

(slow, dark music)

- Well, an important thing
about psychedelic experiences is

that they take you way beyond anywhere

that psychoanalysis or
some related schools

can actually reach, and that's where most

of the emotional psychosomatic
problems are coming from.

They're also mechanisms of
healing and transformation

that are much more powerful
than anything you can do

on the level of biographical material.

We have also talked to
a number of people who

had years of psychoanalysis,

and they say they didn't even come close

to where the first or
second session took them.

- [Voiceover] At the end of the 1950s,

LSD had found its place in psychiatry.

It was regularly used in many clinics

in Europe and North America.

Because people believed that
LSD increased creativity,

more and more artists and intellectuals

became interested in the substance.

- I'm going to give you this cup

that contains lysergic
acid 100 micrograms.

Will you drink it?

I would like to ask you to
describe your profession.

- I'm an artist.

- Painter?

- That's true.
- [Doctor] Yes

12:17.

- This is purple, isn't it?

- No, it happens to be black.

You see purple?

- Yes.

- Well this is just a
charcoal. Look at it, see.

Why do you do that now?

- Well, the square is the
ordinary rectangle, you see.

It's one of the perfect means.

- I know, but are you
trying to reassure yourself

that you're capable of--

- Yes, I think that is
what I would like to do.

I'd like to find out what reality I'm in.

- 2 o'clock.

Anyhow, what I would like you to do now is

to draw another picture of Paul.

Do you still have that pleasant feeling

that you described before?

- Yes, I still have it.
I'll never get over it.

- This is a general feeling,

when you look it on
yourself, is that correct?

- Yeah. (heavy breathing)

- Are you getting emotional again?

Look at the picture now.

Look at the picture.

Oh, come on, now. Concentrate.

That's just about right.

Let's suppose you take a
look at these two pictures,

and compare them, and let's
see if you have any comments.

Do you see any big difference?

- Not really, the eyes, for example,

are the same to me, and the
line of the nose is the same,

and the mouth is still a sweet mouth.

- 2:48. He's now flying high.

- I feel these lovely colors
vibrating all over me.

Aww, it's lovely.

- Any lines?

- No.

- Any forms?

- Just like the shimmering
water, you know?

- Do you feel happy?

- Yes. Are you what?

- 'cause you have tears in your eyes.

(patient breathes heavily while laughing)

Is that a beautiful
experience, would you say?

- (slow-motion laugh) I would say yes.

- Describe it again.

- Oh, I should know.

- Hmm?

- It's just giving of--

- You're doing fine.
Just try to describe it.

- Oh, just, you don't know, you.

You want to give yourself.

You want to give yourself
as much as you can.

(slow, despondent music)

(machine whirring)

(machine beeping)

(birds chirping)

- [Voiceover] In the mid-50s,
the American researcher,

Gordon Wasson, made a mysterious discovery

in the highlands of Mexico,

an inconspicuous mushroom,
swallowed as a sacrament

during religious rituals to
contact the world of the Gods.

(speaking foreign language)

Gordon Wasson took some samples

of the mystic mushroom home to New York.

While analyzing the
Mexican magic mushroom,

Albert Hofmann dared to perform
another self-experiment.

In doing so, he and his team were able

to isolate the active
ingredient for the first time,

psilocybin, a chemical
closely related to LSD.

The American took him to Maria Sabina,

an old highly respected healing woman

in the land of the Mazatecs.

The two researchers wanted to test

their psilocybin tablets on her.

(hard hand clapping)

(chanting in foreign language)

(fun, energetic music)

(young people hooting and hollering)

In california, a group of young people

started out across the country,

the Merry Pranksters.

Among them, was the author, Ken Kesey.

Since his best seller, "One
Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,"

he could afford an independent life.

Kesey's novel was inspired
by his LSD experience

as a voluntary tester
in a Californian clinic.

- Psilocybin, mescaline, LSD.

The government was
doing experiments there,

and the drugs began to
get out into the world.

Ken had a wide circle of friends.

I loved parties, but the
alcohol was ruining it for me.

I can't drink.

And when LSD came along, you know, hooray!

Here's another direction to go in.

We had some LSD that was in a package,

and we had to create doses out of it,

and that was very difficult to do.

We wanted to make small doses, not so big.

Well, that was really hard to do.

In trying to create a
way to distribute this

to other people, we sort of got
very deep into it ourselves,

sort of Magic Carpet Rides
inside of our own minds,

and couldn't help but
talk about these things.

The minute you start to talk about this,

everybody wants some.

- [Voiceover] Wherever the
old school bus stopped,

the LSD parties got bigger.

The acid test, a right of passage

into a new psychedelic lifestyle.

(ethereal rock music)

(slow, dark, and mysterious music)

Millbrook, on the American East Coast.

In the vacant country
house of a rich patron,

former Harvard lecturer, Timothy Leary,

founded a psychedelic commune.

- Well, the first experience I had was

with seven little mushrooms in Mexico. For

the five hours after
I ate these mushrooms,

I learned more about psychology than I had

in the preceding 16
years as a psychologist.

And since that time,
I've done almost nothing

but attempt to study,
to learn more about how

these experiences are produced,

and how they can be
used for man's benefit.

- [Voiceover] At Harvard,
Leary put the study

of hallucinogenic drugs on the curriculum.

That was the beginning of the end

for the ambitious professor

and his team at the elite university.

- The one thing that it differed from

the accepted social
paradigm is that we took

the drug ourself, 'cause
Leary now would be

lacking behaviors paradigms,
he wouldn't do that,

and the chairman of the department

was pissed off at us for doing that,

and that was unscientific.

And they said, "If you
do these studies quietly,

it's gonna be okay,"

but that was not Leary's vision.

It was a democratic vision, egalitarian.

This is too good not to
share with everybody.

Who are we to say?

- [Voiceover] Tim Leary
and his entire team were

eventually fired from Harvard.

His new headquarters, Millbrook,

the place for contemplation
and adventure alike.

- Well, I had a great time at Millbrook.

I mean, it was a place to introduce people

to the psychedelic experience

in the most beautiful way possible.

It was a stead for people to
come from every walk of life

from the highest aristocrat and noble,

and royal person down

to the dirtiest hippy.

Everybody came. It was a
mecca for psychedelics.

LSD was a tremendous leveler.

No matter what level of
society you came from,

when you turned on to
someone from another member

of society, that classed vision
did not cloud your vision.

You could see that person clearly,

and you could see them as a friend.

- Any moment is a mighty,
feeling condition.

- The place was beautiful.

It was 2600 acres

of Northern New York scenery,

(dog barking)

and you just walk out there high,

and no one was going to bother you.

You were miles from the main gate.

My experience at Millbrook was
not about curing ill people,

but making what well people weller,

about moving into the cosmic understanding

of our existence here on life.

We're not just dumbies brought to walk

in one path all of our lives.

We are here to fly.

(ethereal, happy music)

- [Voiceover] Doctor Leary,
what are you up to here?

- We teach the science and art of ecstasy.

We teach people how to turn on,

or how to go out of their minds.

By turnin' on, we mean tune in

to get beyond your routine ways

of thinking and acting and experiencing.

We often say that we're teaching people

how to use their head.

The point is that in
order to use your head,

you have to go out of your mind.

You have to go out of all
of the static symbolic ways

in which you think.

- Leary was a provocateur. Yes,
he liked being provocative.

He liked saying things in a little way

that got people to turn.

He didn't care if they misunderstood.

He said, "Think for yourself."

- America today is an insane asylum.

The American people are completely hung up

on material acquisition,
on power, on war-making.

It's an insane asylum over here.

And it's our goal to
lift the spiritual level

of the American people.

We're gonna try to bring
about a religious renaissance

and a spiritual revolution.

In the next five or 10
years, we expect that

between 20 and 30 million Americans

will be using LSD regularly
in their spiritual development

and in psychological growth.

Haight-Ashbury, previously
a run-down district

in San Francisco
experienced another hay day.

- It was sort of a very exciting
time in the Haight-Ashbury.

It was lovely.

There was a very good community spirit.

The little stores were
opening down on Haight Street.

People were very friendly with each other.

We all knew each other
in the neighborhood.

And they would come up
with wonderful ideas,

like, "Let's have a party
in some corner of the park."

So the band would come out
and bring their instruments.

(party goers hooting and hollering)

- [Voiceover] The band
called The Grateful Dead

have announced they will
make music in the park.

And the crowd moves along,

(background noise drowns out other noise)

(instrumental music of The Grateful Dead)

- In the 60s, LSD was important because

it reinforced a sense
that change was possible,

because if you can be one way one minute,

take a tiny little chemical called LSD,

and in an hour be at another dimension

of universe, of seeing fantastic things,

feeling things that you didn't
even know you could feel,

hearing things you didn't
know could be heard that way.

If you can do that to your mind with

this tiny little pill,
anything's possible.

- We tell young people
today, "Drop out of school,"

because school's education today

is the worst narcotic drug of all.

Don't politic. Don't vote.

These are old men's games,
impotent and senile, old men;

They want to put you onto
their old chess games

of war and power.

Drop out. Tune in with natural things.

Take off your shoes.

Get back in tune with God's harmony.

Surround yourself with
beauty and sacred objects.

You can't get caught in the conforming,

rote lockstep, which we
call American society.

- So then, at Millbrook,

when our supplies were cut off,

Timothy said, "We're
all psychologists here.

"Nick's the only one with
a chemical background.

"Why don't you start
making the sacraments."

I said, "Okay, I'll give it a try."

My training was anthropology,
but I had been involved,

growing up in a laboratory my whole life

because my father was a chemist.

So all of this was
familiar and easy for me.

I studied, and I became a chemist.

We gathered the equipment
and the materials

before we actually could work.

Basically, it broke down into making

an underground laboratory.

So where am I going to do this?

Well, I started out working
in my mother's attic,

and then I moved down to the basement.

Then I rented a small industrial place.

Then I rented a larger industrial place.

And then I moved to California,

and so we rented another
industrial property

in San Francisco, 4000
square-foot warehouse.

There are syntheses of LSD
that take seven seconds,

and it's done, boom.

You got everything ready.
It takes a few hours.

Put it all together. You add it together.

You stir it for an hour.
It's done. You have your LSD.

Now the question is,
"How do you get it out

"with starting materials
that have been left over

"with the isomers and
byproducts, and how do you get

"that all out so that you'll have

only 99.9% LSD?"

So that means you have to
recycle that material again,

and so you recycle, and
recycle, and recycle,

and the process of making very pure LSD

is extremely tedious.

We were making large amounts,

and we were able to
purify in large amounts

to 100-gram crystallizations.

That's a million doses.

(vehicles running)

(psychedelic music)

- [Voiceover] On the street, LSD, or acid,

was initially tolerated by the police.

Consuming the fashionable drug
wasn't prohibited at first.

(drumming)
(crowd having a good time)

- San Francisco is where
LSD was first marketed,

where it is most readily,
and cheaply available.

In the park, a little bright afternoon,

there is a hipping wedding.

The preacher is a man called Teddy Bear.

He is a dope dealer.

LSD washed down with wine
is the only sacrament.

There are no vows.

She will be his woman for as
long as they feel like it.

- Do you take Kathy to
be your woman, your wife?

You're married before God's poor people.

(happy, trippy music)

- What obviously was happening in people

who were taking psychedelics, particularly

the young generation, is that
they could not agree anymore,

was the standards of the
society that was around them.

They develop a whole
different system of values,

a different life strategy, and so on.

Part of it certainly was
very strong anti-war feelings

because when you have,

what I call transpersonal experiences,

where you feel ascential
oneness with other people,

even with the animals species,
with nature, and so on,

it has very significant
implications for how you feel

about war, people killing each other.

So psychedelics became
a very, very important

instrument of transformation,

a change of a world view in a way

that was very challenging
the old, conservative values.

(slow-paced, leisurely music)

(liquid bubbling)

- I was just doing this
for my heart out of faith

that this was the right thing to do,

and everywhere I went, I gave it away,

and I saw what it did to people,
and I said, "This is good."

5,000 doses of the Orange Sunshine was

a little, teeny bag like that.

You know, that's a whole
division of soldiers.

We sent hundreds of thousands of tablets

to Vietnam for free.

We were supporting all the war protesters,

so why not support our
brothers and sisters,

the same age, but have been drafted

and dragged almost in chains
to be killed in Vietnam.

Why not give them the same medicine

that was causing the movement.

(crowd of protesters yelling)

- A companion peace demonstration
brings out 50,000 marchers

in downtown San Francisco,
pacifists and hippies together.

- Bombs in Vietnam exploded--

(background noise drowns out other noise)

(warping music)

- The rebellion in the 1960s,
I think psychedelics were

a part of it, a very significant
part, but I don't think

they were the cause of what was happening.

(haunting music)

First, he became a symbol

of all that was going
on that was frightening,

of all that seemed to be wrong.

It was an easy scapegoat, easy target

for people who wanted to
denounce the youth rebellion,

denounce the anti-war movement,

very easy to denounce
the drug, or the drugs

that were associated with those movements.

The things that were said about LSD

in the 1960s were in
many ways, ridiculous.

- It's not always easy
to undo what I've done.

- LSD, I've heard about it.

I can see through the walls.

(hysterically crying and screaming)

- God, help!

Help me!

- Nothing was not extreme with LSD.

(party goers screaming)

It was projected in a way that made

it very provocative, very loyal.

Well, gee, is this drug
gonna send me to the grave,

the mental institutions, prison,
and to the gates of heaven,

and I'll have the best
sex I ever had in my life.

Well, that's pretty interesting.

(trippy music)

- KRON TV has governor, Ronald Reagan,

to comment on the problem.

- Well, I am terribly frightened
by the problem of LSD.

I think there's been a
great deal of misinformation

by those who seem to see no harm in it.

But as a parent and as a
citizen, and certainly now

in this position, I am greatly concerned.

There is nothing smart.

There's nothing a grownup

or sophisticated in
taking an LSD trip at all.

They're just being complete fools.

Anyone that would engage in this,

or indulge in this is just a plain fool.

(liquid dripping)

- [Voiceover] After public
debates about the dangers

of LSD became increasingly acrimonious,

the state of California eventually
reacted in October 1966.

The substance was prohibited.

- And we're moving from legal to illegal,

and my status changed from one who is

a minor criminal to one
who was a serious felon.

I mean, I've been convicted many times.

I've spent time in 14 different prisons.

All of this has happened to me

as a result of my
devotion to psychedelics.

So, am I a criminal?

Of course, I'm a criminal.

- [Voiceover] Shortly after
the prohibition of LSD,

over 20,000 people gathered
in the Golden Gate Park

in San Francisco.

The hippies, the oppositional students,

the most diverse sections
in the protest movement

brought together, and went
on an enormous demonstration.

(crowd talking loudly together)

- Six words:

turn on, tune in,

drop out.

(crowd cheers and applause)

♫ All you need is love

♫ All you need is love

♫ All you need is love

♫ Love, love is all you need ♫

- [Voiceover] The sound
of the youth movement

concurred the major TV studios.

The new mass media spread
the hippies' message

across the entire globe.

♫ It's easy

♫ All you need is love

♫ All you need is love

♫ All you need is love

♫ Love, love is all you need

♫ All you need is love ♫

- The city of San
Francisco has been warned

of a hippie invasion come summer

in numbers almost too
staggering to comprehend.

Some estimates run as high
as 200,000 young people

from all parts of the
country, and be expected

to invade the city, and
the influx will affect

primarily, the Haight-Ashbury.

♫ In the street

♫ Oh, in New York City

♫ Dancin' in the street ♫

- The media put in a big story

about the Haight-Ashbury,

and it was this lovely place to go,

and you might see John
Lennon, or you know, perhaps--

Anyway, they created a monster for us.

And within a few weeks, it changed.

People came from all over
America by the hundreds,

and then the thousands,
and by early summer,

there must have been
10,000 people sleeping

on the sidewalks and in the
park, and in every alley,

hungry, and homeless, and it was crazy.

- Here, San Francisco, Haight Street,

and all the dance floors, and you had

2,000 people all taking
500 micrograms of LSD.

I thought, "This was gonna be madness."

I though this would have
been madness in all context.

I couldn't see how that could work.

How would you handle bad trips?

- [Voiceover] 1967.

The psychedelic movement in
full bloom. Summer of love.

(crowd cheering and applause)

- To the demons and America combined

and put it together, okay?

(Jimi Hendrix playing music)

- Come on American folks, sing it with me.

♫ Wild thing

♫ You make my heart sing

♫ You make everything groovy

♫ You got my wild thing

♫ Yeah ♫

(crashing)

(emergency response sirens)

(guitar smashing)

(screaming)

(solemn music)

(sirens wailing)

- [Voiceover] There is a steady flow

in the San Francisco
hospitals of young people

who have freaked out and been picked up

by the police in a state
of desperate terror.

- Where are you taking me?

Where are my friends?

Do my friends know I'm here?

(knocking)

Where am I? Where are we?

Where am I?

- You're in the hospital here. Come on.

- Who are you?

- I'm Doctor McLain.

- [Voiceover] The bad trip

is a frightening thing to witness.

It must be far more
terrifying to experience.

- Where are you taking me? Where am I?

- Come right around here to the--

You're in the hospital.

- Who are you?

- I'm your nurse. What's your name?

- Your hands are cold.

- What's your name?

- Joan.

- Joan, I'm a nurse. Doc?

- I don't wanna be here.
Where are my friends?

(background noise drowns out other noise)

(contemplative music)

- The greatest pushers
in this country today

are the missionaries who
make and distribute LSD

because they are convinced
it's a wonderful way,

as that poisonous, evil
man, Doctor Timothy Leary,

has said, it is a way to turn
on, tune in, and drop out.

- [Voiceover] Timothy Leary was pronounced

by President Nixon, to be the
most dangerous man in America.

A short time later, he received
a draconic prison sentence

for possession of two joints.

- What happened with Leary,
who made the psychedelics

much more dangerous than they
would be in responsible hands,

certainly increasing the risks
and minimizing the benefits,

and literally killed
the legitimate research.

- [Voiceover] Albert Hofmann's magic drug

became his constant worry.

LSD ended up where it had
started, in psychiatry,

where it is still
tolerated in some clinics.

- When I came to the United
States and I joined the team

at Spring Grove, we were
using an approach that is

now known as psychedelic,

where a dose is significant.

It's between 300 and five, 600 micrograms.

We asked the patients to
keep their eyes closed.

We were literally were using eye shades.

We were using headphones, hi-fi music,

and the talking was done
beforehand and after.

That was a much more effective
approach to the therapy

in terms of personal transformation.

Dean Colweather is arriving
for his third LSD session.

Cancer of the bowel gave
him almost constant pain,

but this was controlled
for over six months

as a result of his previous session.

As well as that, the
drug has helped him come

to terms with his condition,

and even enjoyed the life
he knows will end soon.

- When we were doing the
work with cancer patients,

the basic assumption was
that they would somehow,

very radically, change
their concept of death.

- Did you get the last drop?

- Every drop.

- It's for people whom
knew that they could die

in a matter of weeks or months,

and they were able to be reconciled,

and their way of being actually

in the world from day to
day changed dramatically.

It was a very, very
successful study besides being

very moving a study, as you can imagine.

(meditative music)

People come first
programmed by our culture,

that we are basically our body,

and suddenly comes an
experience that shows you

that you are something much larger,

that you are not really just your body.

So you start looking at death
as something that's death

of the body, and you get a sense

that death is a kind of an adventure

in consciousness and
there is a sort of a large

dimension there that you
actually knew nothing about.

(hopeful, ethereal music)

(energetic, trippy music)

(liquid bubbling)

After the special
authorizations finally expired

in psychiatry, LSD disappeared underground

as an internationally outlawed drug.

Research in hallucinogenic substances

seemed to fade into oblivion.

- These cop outs were so demonized.

The whole area was so discredited

that we had this phenomenon which,

for better than 30 years,

the consensus opinion was

this research was too dangerous,
or too edgy, to be done.

- We started our work with
psilocybin in about 2000.

It was difficult, but we got approved.

People who are eligible for our trial

are people who have
anxiety, and or depression,

secondary to their cancer diagnosis,

and they are struggling with
these existential questions

of life and death, and their
own psychological discomfort.

They go through two days of screening,

in which they receive a physical exam,

extensive psychiatric

and psychological testing.

So after preparation,
the volunteers schedule

for their psilocybin sessions.

What we would want and hope for them

is that they have an
experience that's uplifting

and alters their perceptual set

in a way that makes the
remainder of their life

and their struggle with
their disease process

something that's really
quite manageable for them.

- The prognosis was very poor.

There were so many
treatments, and since I have

a scientific background,
I got very preoccupied

with researching everything,
you know, micromanaging.

So my life just kind of
got narrower and narrower.

I got more exclusively
focused on the cancer.

I became more withdrawn.

Finally my daughter and friends

sort of told me that I
needed to do something.

But I had no previous
experience with psychedelics,

so I didn't know what to expect exactly.

- Looks like this is for you.

- A high proportion of
volunteers have what's called

a primary, mystical type experience.

And they're absolutely sure
that this experience is

more real than everyday waking reality,

and it's that element,
I believe, that imprints

this experience into
people's consciousness

in a way that has huge
value going forward.

- In the beginning of the effects,

starting in about 10 minutes,

and it's like your brain is going offline,

one part at a time.

And I tell people this story
to make it a little clearer,

since I do a lot of
sailing, and if you're out

in the open ocean, and you
were to fall off your boat,

you turn around and the boat's gone,

and then pretty soon the water's
gone, and then your gone.

You don't have any sense of self anymore.

- Is that comfortable?

- That's good.

- Okay, now let's put some
headphones on you, okay?

- Okay.

- Remember to let us
know how the volume is

if you want it higher or lower.

(flowing, orchestral music)

- For the first hour and a half,

it was pretty frightening
because I was fighting it.

I was resisting.

I wanted to open my eyes

and make things snap back into place.

If I didn't have the
help of the people there,

I would have left the room
and tried to walk around

and get things to focus back in again,

to look familiar again.

So the supervision, I
think, is very important.

(flowing, orchestral music)

After about an hour and
a half, I calmed down.

At one point, I thought I
might be in a cathedral,

and I thought that it might be

a good chance to talk with God. (laughs)

So I, just in my mind I said,
"Well, if there was ever

"a good time, this is it,
so talk to me," (laughs)

and nothing happened.

I did it again, and nothing happened.

(flowing, orchestral music)

There was just an
experience of familiarity,

or tranquility, and during that time,

I could pull up past relationships

or current relationships, and
look at them in great detail.

It was as if I was--

Sorry.

(dramatic, orchestral music)

The depression itself lifted.

I might fall into a depression,

but I can pull myself
out of it pretty easily.

It fundamentally changes the
way you approach the world

so your opening out instead

of narrowing down into a negative spiral.

It's almost unbelievable
that after one day,

and not any followup
medications or anything,

that this could happen.

(seagulls cawing)

- I have had in my psychedelic sessions,

quite a few experiences where I

actually felt that I've already died,

that I wasn't around for the beyond death.

It was very, very convincing,

and I was very surprised
when I actually returned

to the situation, where
I took the substance.

I considered it very
plausible that there is a

experiential world where we
go into after the body dies,

but of course, you will never
know until you get there,

but it's like a very, very

interesting journey.

(metal door clanking)

(trippy music)

(door creaking open)

- Well, right here is where it
was painted, "Nothing lasts."

(laughs)

That's what it said.

(slow, dramatic ethereal music)

(dark, heavy music)