Original subtitles

| And on this slide we can see what that means in terms of the cost for downtime,

| And on this slide we can see what that [means in terms of the cost for downtime,

Therefore, to have at least an indication,

| there are other factors to consider if [you wish to have a more accurate number

whereby your company has a higher revenue E thesummer^mparedtottie winter,

knowing that the actua£cos£of downtime per hour is in fact significantty higher!

knowing that the actua£cost of downtime

knowing that the actual cost of downtime [per hour is in fact significantly higher. __________________________w____________

■ With this information known you can J tart using the number to create awareness

and there are many infrastructure elements ■required to build up a data centre )

I Together all these elements will need to create a reliable data center environment,

are you able to identify all components

and determine what can or needs to be done

Other factors may come from human origin.

this relates to people executing processes

Attacking the network doesn't require any physical presence at the data center site

Attacking the network doesn't require any ^physicalI presence at the data center site

Attacking the network doesn't require any physical presence at the data center site

Attacking the network doesn't require any physical presence at the data center site

The network cable is bypassing any physical security measures of a data center.

and they can do so at any moment in time



| It is, therefore, no surprise that the number of network attacks is increasn 1

It should be noted that sometimes hardware failures are the result of a human error

B tt is, therefore, very important for the data center to have competent personnel,

It is, therefore, very important for the ata center to have comoetent oersonnel

which they are managing and operating

| So, the human error is one of the large contributors to the data center downtime

or due to poor execution of processes

or due to poor execution off processes.

I This is very uniortunaiB, since often when alarms are attended to promptly

This means that if there is noisep the ground cable going into the UPS,

Another potential cause of unavailability nay be caused by electromagnetic fields,

or shortly known as EMF

| High levels of EMF can cause issues on computing and network equipment,

High levels of EMF can cause issues on computing and network equipment,

| but also temperature and humidity, [values which are fluctuating too much

but also temperature and humidity, alues which are fluctuating too much

■ Another environmental factor isj Pollution or contamination coming from,

Dust and gases, such as hydrogen sulfide,

S| Unfortunately, most data centers! e not ready for tomorrow's technology,

which is the average lifespan of a data center

Even ICT equipment manufacturers H not be able to provide you the power,

which they may manufacture in the future

Hence, when you design a data center.

 If any of these limitations are reached, the data center is maxed out

1 It is, therefore, very well possible [that the computer room is half emj

Problems in the data center environment could lead to serious business losses

The data center is complex and dynamic,

and capacity needs to be well managed for physical space, power and cooling

You have_alsojearned that most of the downtime is caused by the human error,

The bad newsjsjhat there is no official alobal standard for data centers

| The bad news is that there is no official Global standard for data centers

The bad news is that there is no official global standard for data centers

Since there is no worldwide standard,

it is hard for data centers and customers ■to have a dear reference point

that datacenter_operators make all sorts of claims, to impress their customers

For example, it is claimed that the data (center is a grade A dass a data center,

| some even make statements such as [having a world class data center facility,

All this is mostly a marketing message.

| It is, therefore, important to ask |those data center operators or owners,

what reference point they are ising Bo make such daims I

 There are several best practices! and national standards, which can be used

can be applied to any type of data center, Min any location in the world. B

TIA 942 is using a classification system,

A fact, that which not everyone realizes is that the UptimeTier definition

only addresses the power and cooling infrastructure of the data centre.

are not covered in the Tier topology ■definitions of the Uotime Institute

I Hence, what they have produced |is a white paper or guideline at best,

| Hence, what they have produced |is a white paper or guideline at best,

| Hence, what they have produced! te a white paper or guideline at best.

TIA stands for Telecommunications infrastructure Association" I

TIA have taken the high level, Tier level [definitions from the Uptime Institute,

such as architectural, telecommunications, fire safety and other criteria

such as architectural, telecommunications, fire safety and other criteria.

to add more distinction to the standards. land to avoid confusion in the market

| However, very often data centers which are designed as per TIA-942

and it is therefore, fully transparent,

Bas to what the data center has| emented from a design perspective,

J and using it as a design guide serves la better purpose than an auditable standard

The EN 50600 is a European standard

so far the adoption is slowly going up, Band that may change in the future,

which are created by product manufacturers ■commonly referred to as white papers,

B Although these documents^ contain interesting information,

| you should also realize that there may be commercial reasons behind these documents

In other words, the vendor may want ho influence the end user's thinking,

B which then, hopefully leads tog end-user purchasing their solutions

| There are several organizations) working on new standards and guidelines,

trying to capture a piece of the market

since most of the so-called new standards

have similar principles compared to the existing standards,

an overview of the most common ■data center standards applied.

| As mentioned, the specification from [Uptime is not a standard, but a guideline

The Uptime Institute is a commercial [consulting organization, |

| and not a standards development organization, such as the TIA and ISO,

which standards, since you may apply muttiple standards depending on your need,

or guideline to apply is a choice of the data center's owner or operator,

More and more data center owners Band operators apply standards,

the overall risk o£a data center setup,

| All off the standards and guidelines define various classes off conformity,

Do realize that in terms of availability,

the numbers are expected availability, and therefore, cannot be guaranteed

That also means that the document they produce is not an official standard,

wh«~eas for Uptime you are fully dependent Hon them for now and in the future

or is it based on findings, supported by an independent auditor's report,

or is it based on findings, supported bv an indeoendent auditor's reoort

or is it based on findings, supported

indent auditor's n

or is it based on findings, supported by an independent auditor’s report,

followed with certification that is issued by an accredited certification body

J Without going into too much detail, this slide demonstrates a helicopter view

In case you are interested in the details,

or attending in the future the CTDC course after you have passed the CDCP exam,

the CT DC course is the design consultant course for the TIA-942 standard

I which has a single path for distribution |of power and cooing without redundancy

The power and cooling infrastructure have ■sufficient capacity to serve the IT load

This is a relative low cost data center,

fa Rated-2 data center also hasy single path for power and cooling,

| Rated-3 data centre is often indicated as concurrently maintainable data center,

| this means that the data center can undergo any form of planned maintenance

without causingIT downtime

This setup requires a minimuni of two paths for power and cooling

and the other path to be on standby,

data centers activate both feeds, since Ball the equipment is installed anyway

This has benefits, but from a Rated 3 ■design criteria it is not required, f

A Rated-4 datacenter is often described as a fault tolerant data center

and disaster recovery plans in place

Rated-4 data center has a minimal requirement ■of two paths for power and cooling,

which both are active so that it can jtaciiitate an automatic switchover,

in case one supply path develops a fault

and^skjyourselfwrthjhe information that you have from the course so far,

| such as electrical installation, fire protection and other areas of interest

| such as electrical installation, fire protection, and other areas of interest

On this slide, therearea few examples,

| but as you can imagine, many other of such standards exist in each country

I Realize, however, that these standards are mostly general in nature,

|and were not developed to specifically address the needs of a data center

 For example, the standard for rounding specifies in most cases

| For example, the standard ,or rounding specifies in most cases

that the ground resistance in the building Its allowed to be between 10-25 Ohms

However for data center its ideal to have a ground resistance of less than 1 Ohm,

or at least a maximum level of five Ohm

Itis. therefore, strongly recommended

to make sure that contractors are notonlyinstrudedtofol^

■ in addition to that you shoukf rovide more detailed requirements,

to venfy what thelocal standards are,

to make sure the data center fully compliant to those standards

and possible liabilities from occurring

it would be good to create an overview of local regulations and standards

| so that an inventory is readily available for all involved to source from

you have learned that there is no worldwide accredited data center standard

On national level, there are often a variety of standards available,

components based on N+1 is a characteristic of which R

[Site selection is the activity of choosing ■the location to set uo vour data center

Site selection is the activity of choosing Ihe location to set up your data center

| There are many chaMengesf when performing site selection

but also include business requirements

| Engineers are normally! responsible for evaluating the site,

I The business tends to review the site location based on business criteria, such as

What is the cost of the land or building area per square foot or square meter"

| What is the cost of utilities, such as water and electricity, and so on

which could reduce the cost of operations and create a faster return on investment,

the business owner will ultimately make the final decision,

which could result in technical potentially having to be compromised

manageability and potential compliance to compulsory and voluntary standards

It is, therefore, of utmost importance that the technical evaluation group

so that business decision makers can take those into consideration

one of the absolute minimum requirements, ■then these needs to be documented

Make sure that everyone understands,

and ultimately accepts the decision and its potential future impact

and ultimately accepts the decision ■and its potential future impact

| In this way, it can be avoided that later individuals are blamed for issues,

which were beyond their control,

since they were simply overruled by the business decision makers

I You also need to ensure that you can achieve this scalability required,

In order to build, and eventually operate at a data center,

■ you need to carefully select and implement the equipment that you need

| you need to carefully select and implement the equipment that you need

maintenance, secunty. safety and so on

| Another important aspect is to ensure that ■decisions made during the site selection

do not impact compliance to standards, as rectification can often be very costly,

This could lead to potential non compliances to the standards chosen,

Obviously, there is a limit in terms |of how much can be planned for,

also realize that many data centers suffer from tremendous oversizing,

on the organization's contribution to environmental sustainability.

Natural hazards are events that may happen and there is little you can do about it

For example, if you are building a data center in an earthquake prone area,

■ Does it mean that you can never build a data center in an area like that?

but the cost to build will increase due to the additional risk mitigation controls,

Some examples are listed on this slide

You could consider a plenty of others,

chemical plants, oil refineries and so on

Try to avoid all these potential hazards

and the hazards that you have identified

Power distribution network can potentially ■cause electromagnetic field radiation,

which can cause issues on your equipment

Are you ready to perform a site selection?

j So, perhaps, put this on your action list for the next couple of months or so

! Perform a site selection assessment to dentify the potential hazards around you,

ideally, you try to build the data center in a light industrial or urban area

ideally, you try to build the data center in a light industrial or urban area

ideally, you try to build the data center in a light industrial or urban area

In certain part of the world peaople often demonstrate around police facilities

With that said, you can probably recall

I If there is a natural disaster or other calamities causing many injured people

because the entire area is sealed off

The fire department is your best friend

Try to stay away from potential high risk targets, such as government buildings

power, radio, TV stations and embassies.

| causing a potential uproar for people to go on the street and to demonstrate

 | causing a potential uproar for people to go on the street and to demonstrate

You can simply not be careful enough

I As mentioned, these fields can [have an impact on IT equipment.

[ may be tie first ones that wil be^ attacked in the event it ends up in a war

| Now that we have looked at the site selection criteria for the location

and then design and build the data center

| taking into account all your requirements and the nice-to-have ones

with the difference that in case of a build [scenario that has nothing existing yet,

| and hence, you may have more control over the possible outcome

However, poor design or mistakes may end up worse compared to existing buildings

There is a reason why earief I explained ■the need for data center standards,

 since the standards can help you to prevent making possible design mistakes

Do not ask the real estate agent, who is trying to sell or rent the space to you,

In other words, he or she will most likely tell you not the entire truth

Ask existing tenants if present, and while ■doing so, ask key critical questions,

| Building codes are very important, as these are the rules and regulations

to tell you what you can and specifically cannot do in the building,

This means you will now have to rely on the generator of the building owner

| This will raise immediate questions as to whether there is enough capacity,

and how they manage it, such that there Its no power capacity shortage over time

Another question that comes to mind,

 how frequency do they test and perform maintenance on the generator"?

These locations could lead to security Bissues, and also potential flooding

These locations could lead to security ■issues, and also potential flooding

Do realize that a location too high in the building is not a great location either,

Another aspect is to plan for growth

| and it is simply not possible to predict the business nor the technology

| Therefore, growth should be properly defined in terms of its limits,

| Therefore, growth should be property defined in terms of its limits,

to be accommodated in a data center

Consider all security requirements

J it may be desirable to build a fence or a wall around the building,

| and can you separate visitor car parks from those of your own staff?

Try to avoid windows in the computer room and its supporting areas

and glass itself functions) as a conductor of heat and cold air

 Don't forget that most existing buildings are built for office purposes,

Don’t forget that most existing buildings are built for office purposes

| Don*t forget that most existing! [buildings are built for office purposes

and cannot always withstand the load required by data center equipment

and cannot always withstand the load ■required by data center equipment

| what the floor loading capabilities are, to avoid anyissues in the future

Slab to slap height in the building is important from a cooling point of view

 using dimensions sufficient^ to support the cooling infrastructure

You also need to evaluate how much power capacity is available in the building,

and if future expansions are possible

if such need may be present in the future

 it is necessary to review if dual utility power cables are entering the bolding,

 Furthermore, investigate where the power cables enter the building,

taking the other power feed with it, for example, during a fire situation

Verify that delivery of fuel and equipment does not have limitations

Verify thatdelryeryof fuel and equipment does not have limitations,

Verify that delivery of fuel and equipment does not have limitations,

Redundancy is great, but it comes with a |hefty pricetag that needs to be justified

So again, when reviewing al criteria,

 work with that question, "what is the cost for downtine?"

 the loading bay of the building is also (serving the purpose of a holding area

The holding area should be spacious enough Io handle potentially large equipment

Equipment boxes may have been in trucks on the roadside

Equipment boxes may have been in trucks on the roadside,

and therefore are exposed to conditions where it mav have attracted a lot of dust

Therefore, never put boxes computer room, or even worse,

unpack inside the computer room, las this will bring the dust inside,

which could cause unavailability or worse, even start a fire.

Arrange for a proper unpacking and garbage disposal area

Ideally, during opening hours the holding area has secunty guards present

 you should at least arrange for CCTV cameras that overtook this area

It is a good practice to not power on the equipment right away, as mentioned.

environmental conditions the equipment has been exposed to

Sometimes you power up the equipment for the first time and it fails.

 Never power on equipment for the first time in the computer room itself,

since sometimes a faulty power supply

 could literally bring the entire rack or parts of the computer room down

The equipment may even burn out. In the rare cases,

 Keep systems in the staging area until it is ready for production

it is recommended to have a fire protection system in place as well

 For some devices, such as storage equipment or new generation mainframes,

In fact, it is not uncommon for this equipment to be pre-staged by your vendor,

| and once on site, the equipment is directly installed in the computer room

you should connect to a separate PDU,

 In other words, avoid using the UPS

Where it is not possible o have a separate staging area,

you may consider using a meeting room,

 but do realize that when the building doses in the evening,

During staging, the equipment is tested from a facility point of view.

and once completed, the IT department can take over installing their parts.

depending on the system’s functions, of course, and further testing with users

until the point where the system is ready to be installed in the computer room,

getting the system into production

equipped with power conditioning and power backup protection

and have low electromagnetic fields

 so that systems can operate with a minimum risk of interruption

Since this room is housing all mission-critical equipment of a business.

you need to ensure that appropriate security measures are implemented,

 so that quick action to detect and suppress a possible fire can be executed,

Computer rooms should have low EMF levels.

this since high levels could cause issues

 Avoid placing transformers or UPS systems in the computer room

you need to ensure that there is an appropriate distance

Also, make sure that movement into the computer room is limited

People should only enter the computer room

 such as installing a new server or perhaps changing a patch code

People should not have a need to enter the computer room,

can all be done remotely nowadays

to avoid disturbances to the computer room environment

The media storage area serves as the room where master copies of software,

This area should be secure and separate from any other area

Realize that backup data may be required for restore purposes

and also, CCTV recordings should be stored in a separate building

most commonly a fire, all this data gets potentially destroyed.

Ideally, the media storage room is further away from the computer room

The media storage room should be environmentally controlled and monitored,

so that at any temperature and/or humidity violation will be immediately detected

 Ideally, the media storage area is in a different building/on a different floor

Backup tapes of production data should always be stored off-site,

Service companies offer the service to store your media in special vaults

to protect against the heat and humidity

Do realize that during transport, however,

backup media gets exposed to potentially

looking at temperature and humidity

and this could affect the lifespan of your magnetic media

and this could affect the lift ir magnetic media

You may consider making use of mini temperature and humidity sensors,

which then monitors the environmental conditions over a period of time

 This will then allow you to review and detect if there are any

 reasons for concern caused during the transport of your media

Finally, secure your data with passwords and/or encryption

UPS systems should be in a separate room.

UPS systems should be in a separate room

Some vendors place the UPS equipment in a nineteen inch rack type of configuration,

Some vendors place the UPS equipment in a nineteen inch rack type of configuration

you should not put UPS systems side by side with your computer and network equipment

UPS systems emit electromagnetic fields which may affect your ICT equipment

try to have at least two or three rack space units unoccupied

to have at least two LU ree rack e units unoccu

to have at least two UI iree rack units unoccu

so it is important to have cooling equipment installed in the UPS room

Most data centers combine the batteries with the UPS systems

but at the cost of some additional level of risk if the batteries catch on fire,

 it may also affect the UPS systems they are supporting

This battery is known as the flooded cell,

 and it is also known as the wet cell or vented cell battery.

UI ■ and it is also known asg ie wet cel or vented cell batt

would be a good practice to detect any potential risk occurring

would be a Io detect any potential risk occurring

to make sure that batteries are operating

 This is especially the case when using SLA or VRLA batteries

you can ensure that maintenance and other activities on facility's equipment

does not require individuals to go into the mission-critical computer room.

between facilities and ICT equipment. and related maintenance activities

due to the amount of floor space required

and therefore, not every data center owner is in favor of this kind of solution

Here you can see a typical data center set-up looking from the top

In another setup, air conditioners are located outside the computer room

and have been placed in a service corridor around the room

 Air conditioners are still able to blow cold air under the raised floor structure,

but instead of using a service corridor,

The genset can be virtually in any location within or outside the building

 vibration, noise and exhaust fumes, which are created when the generator is running

Fuel tanks need to be sized and placed in accordance with local regulations

whereas in other countries they may be required to be above ground,

whereas in other countries they may be required to be above ground,

whereas in other countries the/* may be required to be above ground,

The location of the fuel tank relatively

Re-fuel points should be at the location [such that they are in a secure location,

The Meet-Me or entrance room, or sometimes called handover room or carrier room,

Be aware that in a shared building,

Be aware that in a shared building

this room may be under management control of the building owner

It is not uncommon in a shared building to find these rooms in a somewhat poor state

the telecommunication provider may allow for the outdoor network connection

so that is now under full management control of the data center itself

and sometimes rectifiers and batteries,

it should be equipped with smoke detection sensors and the fire suppression system

Having security personnel at an open counter or desk is not always appropriate

There are a variety of ratings,

make sure that there is adequate er quality and backup power installed

Similar as to other rooms, this room is ideally separate and secure,

although it is not uncommon that this room is combined with the NOC,

the room should have appropriate levels of protection, control of power quality,

have environmental controls in place

which are monitored and supported by fire protection and other safety measures,

Staff who monitors the environment

it is a matter of health and human safety, as well as security

which could create contamination in the computer room

which could create contamination in the computer room

you wish to avoid human movement in the data center as much as possible,

this applies to the computer room and all supporting areas

this applies to the computer room id all sui areas

some work needs to be done inside the computer room and supporting rooms

you need to ensure that the monitoring systems are connected to the UPS,

you now should have a good idea which rooms are required or desired,

security, environmental controls, for monitoring temperature and humidity,

you require sufficient space for each supporting room, and where possible,

physcial separation of redundant equipment may be desired or even required

so keep that in mind if the design will be based on Rated 4

On this slide, we can see some of the most common design mistakes occurring

Some designers place main switchboards inside the computer room

the more EMF is created which could impact your ICT equipment

Furthermore, the higher the power rating, the more risk of fire and the explosion

High power switchboards should be outside of the computer room.

It is, of course, acceptable to have the electrical switchboards,

inside the computer room, since they are often a relatively low power ratinq

such as electrical and mechanical systems,

as much as possible outside the computer room and place them in a separate room,

Another design flaw is when access to an equipment room goes through another room

For example, you have to go through the computer room to reach the UPS room

Access through other rooms is only allowed

For example, it is acceptable to have access to the battery room

It could be arqued that an enterprise data center is a more stable environment.

and not many changes are happening

However in a commercial data center,

where many changes may take place and a lot of movement is going on,

this would be very much unacceptable

Although anyone understands the benefit of having a service corridor,

In this module, you have learned that the proper site selection is critical

In this module, you have teamed that the proper site selection is critical

to the long-term success of a data center

Site selection is often challenging

Site selection is often challenging,

and the technical departments is well as the limitation of the budgets

tor need to be installed. Location wise, where do you in:

n. what is the keyword to consider?

There are mainly two different types of raised floor tiles

one is the die formed welded steel tile, which is hollow on the inside.

which is used to bring the cold air from under the raised floor into the room

The other type is the die formed welded steel shell tile,

This is a tile where there is cement or concrete construction

Other tiles exist, such as galvanized tiles, which can be harmful,

because they can be contaminated with zinc whiskers

and therefore, possibly end up on electrical circuits in the systems

Some data centers prefer carbon fiber floor tiles, which are very strong

are covered with a vinyl finishing

and this is often referred to as HPL,

which make up a raised floor structure

or drilling them to the concrete slab

Sometime it is done in an alternating way,

whereas the next four pedestals are glued,

This will then save on installation time and also cost,

and will ensure that the concrete floor not having many drill holes,

which potentially could weaken the floor

The first one to discuss is uniform distributed load, shortly known as UDL

since now the load is spread evenly over the enure surface area

Ratings are expressed in kilo newton per square meter or as pounds per square feet

so a conversion needs to be done from kilograms to kilonewton

using the conversion that one kilonewton is equal to one hundred kilograms

Uniform distributed load, by the way, is hardly found in data centers,

this because of most equipment is standing on casters or feet.

this because of most equipment is standing on casters or feet

Concentrated load, which is also called point load, is a single point,

whereby a potential high load is placed on a very small area of the tile

In the standard, it is deined as the size of the point being 25 mm in a square,

As you can imagine, a point load is much more difficult to handle

compared to uniform distributed load

and in most cases also the stringers, it is the strongest part of the tile

Stringers are the steel or aluminum channels or square tubes,

which are fastened between pedestal heads in order to provide lateral stability

With that said, the weakest point of the tile is the dead center,

Standards do allow for the raised floor tile to bend a bit,

which means that the tile won't bend back anymore when the point load is removed

The bottom line is, you need to make sure that you do not overload the floor tile

First, you can place small square metal plates under the caster

so that the surface area gets bigger, and therefore spreading the load

Another option is to place an additional ■pedestal under the raised floor tile,

Rolling load occurs when a caster or wheel, as it is called,

Rolling load occurs when a caster or wheel, as it is called

5 | Rolling load occurs when| caster or wheel, as it is called,

because it can cause damage to the top layer of the floor tiles

becausejt^ancause damage to the too layer of the floor tiles

It also stretches the tile tremendously,

it more or less creates a wave effect from a bending point of view,

To protect the floor, you can cover the floor in order to prevent damage

since cardboard is often very dusty,

and therefore, creates contamination inside the computer room.

to protect the floor from bending

It is therefore recommended to use metal [plates or metal sheets, such as aluminium

For example, you can take aplate of 1x2 meters or 3x6 feet,

| For example, you can take, plateof 1x2 meters or 3x6 feet

and roll the load over the first plate to the second plate

Once the load is on the second plate you can lift up the first plate

Of course, if this is tedious to do,

and a long distance need to be crossed with many equipment racks to be moved,

you can purchase more than two plates, covering your entire floor in one go

that may create nasty cuts when in contact with arms and legs

There are various international standards for raised floors.

The UK-PSA MOB is the standard that is most widely used.

The property services agency or PSA

is an organization in the UK that provides standards for buildings

The organization no longer exists, but the standard continues to live on

ranging from light to extra heavy

The definition of heavy and extra heavy looks the same for load factors

must also be able to sustain a load of eleven kilonewtons over four points.

and each of these points are defined as a twenty five millimeter square area

ths can be compared to a mid-size car ^standing on a raised floor board,

but the values are now displayed using the imperial system

For reference purposes, the names of these standards are displayed on this slide

but also raised floor structure itself, since every tile has a certain weight

On this slide, you see examples of the weight per tile

the weight identified for each tile is approximate

since it differs per manufacturer, so if you need the exact weight,

In some rare cases, it may happen that the supplier is trying to cut comers

It is especially the case when a customer is pushing for too much discount,

This is. however, easy to discover

During the build, you can go on srte, check on the various boxes

and compare the part numbers with the part numbers of the data sheets,

put the floor tile on the weight scale,

and compare the weight with what the original manufacturer has indicated

Again, this happens in rare cases only,

but now you know how you can verify that the floor tiles that you have ordered

are the ones that are also delivered land installed in your data center

The values on this slide in both metric and imperial numbers

the raised floor is often used to provide cooling to the ICT equipment.

and to organize power and network cabling under the floor

By placing cabling out of view,

although most data centers place the network cables in the ceiling area,

and this if for a very good reason

For traditional data centers, deploying racks of approximately 3 kw per rack

it is required to have a raised floor height of at least forty centimeters,

This height is measured from the concrete slab of the building

to the bottom of the raised floor tile

which is equivalent to twenty four inches

Be aware that increasing the cooling capacity in the computer room

is not as simple as just increasing the height of the raised floor

as well as an air volume displacement,

which is indicated as cubic feet per minute or cubic meter per hour,

all play an important rote and you must ensure that they are all in proper balance,

When installing power and/or network cabling pathways under the raised floor,

it's important not to impact the air flow

Carefully review the drawings of the proposed cable tray routing

This, since the issues are created

when cable trays are placed in front of air conditioner outlets,

It is better to use wide and low cable trays,

instead of narrow and high cable trays,

so cabling from under the raised floor can be guided into the back of the rack

 Be aware that when you cut the metal shell of the raised floor,

it will have very sharp edge

It is not hard to imagine that if the raised floor tile cuts a power cable,

this could cause a dangerous situation, as well as data center unavailability

It is therefore recommended to install a protection coyeron the cut out,

to prevent any cable damage from occuring

Ideally, you specify the plastic covers in the agreement with the vendor,

in order to avoid extra charges later on

The more openings you have in the floor, the more pressure you lose.

and that leads to less cooling capacity being available

Openings under the rack are typically located at the back of each rack

If this opening is not sealed, cold air will be pushed into the back of the rack,

where it serves no purpose whatsoever

The objective of cold air is to deliver at the intake equipment,

where the cold air will literally be sucked into the equipment,

to provide the required cooling

There are few options to choose for closing the openings under the rack

You can purchase fire rated pillows, which look like small bean bags

You can put them on top of the opening, allowing the cabling to pass through.

It is a fairly inexpensive solution,

Another and more professional option is to use grommets.

The principle of a grommet is that two brushes

Grommets are a very good solution but they are more costly.

Overall, it is the better solution compared to the pillows,

OyeraM, it is the better solution

and you only need to buy it once

Some organizations go to the low budget route, using fire rated rubber.

which can be effective as well

but it will not provide a nice finish from an aesthetic point of view

When air conditioning units are placed inside the computer room,

you need to make sure that the vibration from the air conditioner

is not transferred into the raised floor

is not transferred into the raised floor

Vibration in the raised floor will transfer to vibration in ICT equipment,

Therefore, leave a gap between the raised floor and the air conditioning frame,

to ensure that vibration doesn't transfer to the raised floor.

Lastly, avoid that the area under the floor ends up being a garbage bin

The area under the raised floor needs to remain as clean as possible,

Dust too is unwanted, since the air flow will lake the dust into the room,

When the raised floor construction is finalized during the build phase,

since contractors have the tendency to throw their waste under the floor,

since contractors have the tendency to throw their waste under the floor

believing that no one will be looking for it once the works are done

 believing that no one will be ng for it once the works are done

If any debris is identified, then you request the contractor to take care of it,

cleaning up the mess that they themselves have created

Electric code indicates that every metal part needs to be connected to the ground

Electric code indicates that every metal part needs to be connected to the ground

This also applies to the raised floor structure of the computer room

that is protecting the computer room from high frequency noise currents,

Note that with the increasing frequencies of copper-based network cabling,

it is anticipated that the high frequency shielding properties of an SRG

will lose some of its purpose the future

can be found in thelEEEl 100 standard

at the perimeter of the room you need to connect every pedestal to each other,

after which you connect it to the ground.

IEEE 1100 also indicates that you should create grounding mesh by. at the minimum,

so that there is a dear 3x3 pedestal meshed grounding system

All racks in the computer room need to be ponded to the signal reference grid

Serial bonding, therefore, is not allowed

Serial bonding is the principle of connecting one rack to the SRG,

| Serial bonding is the prindptey of connecting onerack to the SRG,

that if there is an interruption! in the bonding from one to another rack,

Lets have a look at the proper rack grounding by providing a visual example

| Lets have a look at the proper rack rounding by providing a visual example

and under the racks you see the raised floor, pedestals and the concrete slab

and route the ground wire under the rack, where you connect it to the pedestal

this has to be done for every individual rack inside the computer room

ideally, do not use a standard copper wire

This, since high frequency noise currents

similar to what normal electricity does

High frequency noise currents tend to go through the skin of the cable

Therefore, you need to have a cable with as much skin as possible,

to create a low resistance path to ground

For that reason it is required to use a braided cable or flat copper strips,

are well connected and corrosion-free, to ensure good conductivity

through the opening in the raised floor tile into the back of the rack

is to draw a cross on the tile, and the cut out should be done in such a way

that it does not touch any of these lines

When using standard nineteen inch racks you do not have to be worried.

but at the edges where it is supported by the pedestals and the stringers

if you have properly aligned the uquipment racks to the raised floor tiles

since this is the area that is to rest on the head of the pedestal

Ramps are often required, since the raised floor is of course,

General guidance in the building codes

This means in practice that for every [twelve units that you go horizontal,

the longer the ramp wil be, and this may take up a lot of space in the building

Since it is a guideline, there is me leeway in the ratio to be used

Since it is a guideline, there is some leeway in the ratio to be used

or even a ratio of one to six but do realize, the steeper the ramp,

Furthermore, local regulations may exist,

and therefore, verify this before you build a ramp that needs to be replaced

because it does not get the necessary approval from the local authorities

becausejtdloesnot^get the necessary approval from the local authorities

Also, consider the width of the ramp

for the equipment to stand stationary

you build a landing platform that is two meters or 6 5 feet in a square

you build a landing platform that is two meters or 6.5 feet in a square

you can, of course, use the floor in the computer room as the landing platform

In addition, since people will be moving equipment on and off the ramp,

install a handrail for safety purposes

install a handrail for safety purposes

as part of the applicable regulations

And even if it is not mandatory lit is always advisable to install a handrail,

so that you can identify the steepness and the length of the ramp

As mentioned, you may not have a long distance in the front of the door,

The bottom example demonstrates a ramp that follows the one to six ratio

By moving the ramp with the ratio of one to six directly on top of the ramp.

following the ratio one to twelve, you can easily identify the incline in steepness

it will be twice as steep, as can be seen on the right hand side of the image

the area should cater for a dimension that is at least 2x2m or 6.5x6.5 feet

the area should cater for a dimension khat is at least 2x2m or 6.5x6.5 feet

In case the landing platform is built alongside the computer room,

or let the equipment stand stationary

In this example, at the end of the ramp

a landing platform is built that has la dimension of two by two meters

a landing platform is built that has a dimension of two by two meters

This so to accommodate easier turning the equipment into the computer room,

and also to allow the equipment to stand stationary on the landing platform

and also for the less abled people

This may result in larger width in areas,

Although some individuals might argue that those in the wheelchair

and the computer room is often treated as any other space within the building

And therefore, if such regulation exists.

There are a few reasons for considering implementing a suspended ceiling.

There are a few reasons for considering Kmotefnentina a suspended ceilino

The first reason for implementing is that it looks much nicer

The first reason for imptementi K that it looks much nicer,

The first reason for implementing is that it looks much nicer,

instead of looking at the concrete slab, pipes, cables and structural beams

and this, of course, makes the data center look nicer

and this, of course makes the data center look nicer

The suspended ceiling is sometimes used

By doing so, less gas is needed or the fire suppression system.

By doing so, less gas is needed or the fire suppression system.

and therefore, in most cases this can save a substantial amount of money

Realize, however, that in order to do so.

you need to verify the applicable fire safety code, if this is allowed or not

A more prominent reason or installing a suspended ceiling

which get heated up by the same equipment.

which will then blow the heat load out from the back of the rack

The vent of the air conditioner is sucking |the air from the suspended ceiling void,

you need to make sure that the computer room is appropriately dimensioned

in terms of the raised floor height computer room height

and the suspended ceiling void height

the raised floor height needs to be at least forty centimeters or sixteen inches,

with the preference of sixty centimeters or twenty four inches

with the preference of sixty centimeters or twenty four inches

The computer room needs to be at least 260cm, or 8.6ft in height,

The computer room needs to be at least 260cm, or 8.6ft in height,

The computer room needs to be at least 260cm, or 8 6ft in height

measured from the top of the raised floor [to the bottom of the suspended ceiling

then additional height needs to be catered for in your computer room

in case you are using an overhead network and/or power cable trays

The standards require that sprinkler and gas nozzle head

or roughly 1 3 ft of clearance underneath

This is so to ensure that water or gas can be appropriately dispersed.

the area above the suspended ceiling should be at least sixty centimetres,

but ideally, eighty centimeters in height

Ideally, the building has a slab to slab height of 3.8 meters,

which is roughly 12.5 feet, to cater for the example dimensions provided just now

Before you rewind the video, because you feel you have missed it out, don't worry,

you may need to look at alternative ways to set up the data center

 you may need to look at alternative ways to set up the data center.

you may need to look at alternative ways to set up the data center

There are a variety of options available,

which I will discuss in the cooling infrastructure module,

referring to non - raised floor solutions

which is not desirable, even if your air conditioner has a filter system installed

Similar as under the floor, contractors may have used your ceiling as a garbage bin

so that nothing slides off and ends up in your equipment rack

Also, in the rare case of a gas-based fire suppression system being activated,

it will often create the effect off suspended ceiling boards being displaced,

due to the increased air pressure,

due to the increased air pressure,

Before looking at the computer room

let's have a look at what actually happens when a suspended ceiling is not existing

and by means of perforated tiles,

the cold air will end up in the computer room in front of the equipment

The equipment sucks the cold air in, and blows out the heat load

The equipment sucks the cold air in, and blows out the heat load

Without a suspended ceiling, the hot air will freely travel through the room,

Mixing of cold air will have a negative impact on the efficiency of cooling

Now that we have seen the computer room without the suspended ceiling.

lets have a look at the computer room ■with the suspended ceiling installed

The hot air travels up. and since now there are openings in the ceiling area,

which optimizes the cooling efficiency

As promised during the previous slide,

The raised floor needs to be at least forty centimetres or sixteen inches,