Original subtitles

Jacques Vallée.

Astronomer. Computer scientist.

Best-selling author. Internet pioneer.

And world-renowned UFO researcher.

I think he's the most important thinker

the topic has ever had.

Jacques Vallée was one of the first to suggest

the UFO phenomenon dates back thousands of years.

Jacques Vallée asked the question,

these ancient stories that we have,

are they identical to modern-day UFO phenomenon?

And his bold theories dare to challenge

not only our notions of extraterrestrial life,

but of the universe itself.

There are very few concepts that are standard

in every part of human civilization.

UFOs are, and they are across time.

This is real, and it's important.

There is a doorway in the universe.

Beyond it is the promise of truth.

It demands we question everything

we have ever been taught.

The evidence is all around us.

The future is right before our eyes.

We are not alone.

We have never been alone.

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In 1952, the United States government launched its first

major investigation into the UFO phenomenon,

called Project Blue Book.

More than five decades later, in 2007,

the government initiated

its second serious UFO project called "The Advanced Aviation

Threat Identification Program," or AATIP.

There is only one man who was a key contributor

to both of these efforts,

and he remains at the forefront

of UFO research, even today:

Dr. Jacques Vallée.

I don't know of anybody else like Jacques Vallée

in the UFO field.

He brings scientific background,

artificial intelligence, computer engineering training,

and insatiable curiosity to the phenomenon.

He has degrees in mathematics and astrophysics,

and a PhD in computer science.

And his ideas have had such a tremendous impact

on ufology as a serious subject.

It validates its study among academics.

Jacques Vallée is, in my estimation,

not only the deepest thinker,

but the best writer to ever tackle the UFO mystery.

He's the author of several seminal books,

deeply influential in the field.

He's helped to sort of expand what we think of

as the UFO world.

He's one of the first people that asked the question

is it possible that these ancient stories that we have,

are they identical to what we see

with the modern-day UFO phenomenon?

I honestly believe if you look at the whole history of just

UFO researchers, you could really say that Jacques Vallée

is the most brilliant of them all.

Still, people ask me, "Do you believe in UFOs?"

Well, you shouldn't wonder if you want to be

a believer or a non-believer.

As a scientist, I mean, there are reports of UFOs,

and I want to study those reports

to see if there is a pattern, and what that pattern

would tell me about what is happening,

and how we could design a methodology to study it.

This is pure science.

As one of the first people to suggest

that UFOs are not only a modern-day phenomenon,

Jacques Vallée is considered a pioneer by both ufologists

and ancient astronaut theorists alike.

For Vallée, UFOs have been a lifelong passion.

One that was sparked by his very own close encounter.

On a bright afternoon in this small town

30 miles northwest of Paris,

15-year-old Jacques Vallée comes running out of his house

when he hears his mother calling out from the garden.

I saw an object that, to this day, you know,

I have to say was a UFO. It was a very clear disc.

It was in the direction of the church of the city.

This was not any airplane that you could imagine.

So the next day, I spoke to a friend of mine from, uh,

the college, and he had seen it, too.

His house was about half a mile up the hill from us,

and he had looked at it with binoculars,

and I asked him to draw it.

And what he drew was exactly the same thing I saw.

What was interesting is that Jacques Vallée has his friend

draw what he sees.

Very, you know, good investigative technique there.

So you could really see, even as a young man,

he was approaching this as rationally

and scientifically as you're able to do.

And that's a path that he has always followed.

The encounter had a profound effect on young Jacques Vallée,

who went on to study mathematics and astrophysics

before being hired to work as an astronomer

at the Paris Observatory in 1961.

While there, he took advantage of the observatory's computer

to advance his UFO research,

comparing data from reports all over the world.

I started using the computer to find out

about patterns among UFOs.

And that's when I really became interested

and felt that I could make a contribution.

And after that, I was recruited by the University of Texas.

They knew exactly what I had been doing with the computer,

and that, uh, they said, you know, that I could use

the computer in Austin to work, to look for UFO patterns.

So this was, uh, very exciting after that.

In 1962, Vallée moved to Austin, Texas

to work with astronomers mapping the planet Mars.

But his plans soon changed when he got

an opportunity to meet Dr. J. Allen Hynek.

Dr. Hynek was the chairman of the astronomy department

at Northwestern University.

But more importantly to Jacques Vallée,

he was also the scientific advisor

for one of the first government task forces

to investigate the UFO phenomenon: "Project Blue Book."

Begun in March of 1952, the classified

U.S. Air Force project studied UFO reports and sightings

to determine whether they were a threat to national security.

My wife and I flew from Austin to Chicago and met with Hynek.

And I had brought some of my database records

of close encounter cases in Europe,

and especially in France.

And the statistics I had done from the database

on the computer from Austin.

And Dr. Hynek was very interested

because, of course, the Air Force was

accumulating records, under Project Blue Book.

At the age of 24, Jacques Vallée began working

as an aide for Hynek on Project Blue Book,

and spent four years going through

the 20,000 UFO cases on file.

Dr. Hynek said as an astronomer,

you're supposed to be curious.

You are not there just to explain things

to the public.

You are there to... to look at the mysteries.

And if there is a mystery,

that's your job, to document it,

to try to do the work for it.

Hynek became Vallée's mentor, and clearly Hynek

recognized something in Jacques Vallée.

He said, wow, you know, here's a smart person,

a scientist, fellow scientist interested in,

knowledgeable about, and passionate about UFOs,

but wanting to apply exactly the sort of scientific

methodology that Hynek was, of course, interested in.

So the two men became colleagues, and indeed friends.

According to J. Allen Hynek's son Paul,

Vallée became his father's most trusted ally.

There were a parade of graduate students

and fellow professors at our house all the time.

And yet I could see this special fondness

and reverence my father had for Jacques.

Jacques became an invaluable friend

and colleague of my father, somebody who my father deeply

respected, who was unflinchingly honest about the phenomena.

And I would say courageous about pushing the boundaries

of mainstream science out just a little bit further.

The collaboration of two men

of such impeccable scientific qualifications

enriched the field beyond belief.

This was a defining moment in the history of ufology.

Together, Jacques Vallée and J. Allen Hynek

not only helped to legitimize the study of UFOs,

but they also became convinced that the objects

being witnessed are not of man-made origin.

And one case that made a bigger impression

than all the rest involved an enormous craft,

a landing, and even alien beings.

While working towards PhDs

in both industrial engineering and computer science,

Jacques Vallée encourages his mentor J. Allen Hynek

to consider investigating not only reports

of objects in the sky

but also evidence on the ground.

I kept talking to him about landings,

which, he called it "close encounters,"

and the term stuck, of course.

I just called it "landings,"

where there were traces in-- on-on the ground and so on

that could be looked at physically.

And then he said, "But you go through the Air Force files,

and you're going to see very, very few landings."

And I said, "Well, let me go through the files

and I'll show you some landings."

The reason they didn't show up was they were all explained

as aberrations or hallucinations.

But you would find very credible witnesses,

and you would find traces.

And the thing that clinched it was the case

in Socorro, New Mexico.

In Socorro,

not only was there a landing, there were beings.

Socorro, New Mexico,

April 24, 1964,

5:45 p.m.

While chasing a speeding car,

police sergeant Lonnie Zamora hears a thunderous roar

and sees a flame in the sky to the southwest.

Thinking a local dynamite shack might have exploded,

Zamora leaves the chase to investigate.

Lonnie Zamora sees something.

A landed craft,

essentially egg-shaped.

He sees some figures,

and he says afterwards they were either

big children or small adults,

which, again, raises the question,

were these extraterrestrials, as many believe?

Suddenly, when he got reasonably close,

they got back in and this thing took off.

Zamora examined the area

with fellow police sergeant Sam Chavez.

Both officers documented

that the brush was burning in several places

and the object had left four perpendicular impressions

on the ground.

Dozens of other investigators arrived on the scene

shortly after the incident and in the days that followed.

You had, actually, four levels of investigation.

You had the Socorro cops,

you had the FBI happened to be there,

you had the security detail from the airfield

and you had special investigations

with the Air Force, sending Dr. Hynek.

And that became part of Project Blue Book

as an "unidentified" by all the investigators

who had been there.

Jacques told me that it was this case

that was more or less the straw that broke the camel's back

that made my father feel comfortable

speaking about beings

as opposed to just crafts in public.

It was a difficult transition

for Dr. Hynek to admit that, yes,

not only were landings important

but they were the greatest source

of actual physical data that you could take to the lab.

For Jacques Vallée,

collecting data is the key to solving the UFO mystery.

As part of his effort to create a global UFO database,

Vallée, with the help from Dr. Hynek,

began building an international network of scientists

investigating the phenomenon.

They called themselves the Invisible College,

taking the name from a group

of 18th-century European scholars.

This was similar to what happened

in the 18th century, uh, with the Invisible College.

And they did a lot of early astronomy,

early physics, chemistry, biology and so on.

And the only reason they were not hung or killed as witches

was because they were protected by the king.

Dr. Hynek thought we were sort of the, uh,

the new iteration of the Invisible College.

People like Costa de Beauregard in France,

like Professor Chauvin in France,

were internationally known in their fields,

uh, biology, relativity and so on.

But they were very interested in talking about UFOs with us.

Of course, this was very secret.

The Invisible College began in Dr. Hynek's home,

where, weekly or monthly, he would have scientists

from all around the world visit his house,

and there, they would discuss the UFO topic.

But they all were sworn to secrecy, because at the time,

you couldn't talk about it in seriousness,

especially in the world of academia.

Although most members of the Invisible College

remained anonymous, Jacques Vallée did not,

and in 1965, he published Anatomy of a Phenomenon,

one of the earliest books written about the UFO subject

by a scientist.

Anatomy of a Phenomenon

was a very, very strong compilation

of these UFO reports at that time.

He's looking at the data, organizing it.

It really made his name in the UFO field.

But as Vallée

was forging his reputation in the field of ufology,

the U.S. government was looking for a way

to end its UFO investigations.

In 1966, the so-called Condon Committee,

led by physicist Edward Condon,

was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force

to assess whether to continue funding studies

like Project Blue Book.

Their job, supposedly, was to make

a determination, scientifically, is this real,

is this not real, what should the Air Force do,

should the Air Force drop Project Blue Book?

And the answer is, "Nothing to it."

It's not worthy of further scientific investigation.

When the Condon study began,

it became obvious that it was rigged

to give a negative conclusion.

I didn't want to stay in the U.S.

under those conditions.

I thought, "If that's what science is in America,

we don't belong in America."

After a disappointing end to his time at Project Blue Book,

Jacques Vallée moved back to Paris with his wife and son.

But as backlash against UFO research

spread in the public sphere of science and academics,

Jacques Vallée would develop

his most profound UFO theory yet:

that aliens have always been among us.

30-year-old Jacques Vallée

is working as an engineer

for the Royal Dutch Shell oil and gas company

when civil unrest erupts throughout France.

Triggered by a series of student protests

against capitalism and consumerism,

the unrest leads to a nationwide strike.

Essentially, there were three months

during which no work was done.

So, I could go back to my own research interests,

uh, full-time.

I collected a number of books

in areas that I had wanted to look at for a-a long time.

And the question, which is really a scientific question,

is-- so, we have UFOs, you know, and UFO waves--

when did that really start?

Vallée discovered that accounts of mysterious objects in the sky

weren't limited to contemporary reports.

In fact, the more he dug into the origins

of the UFO phenomenon,

the further back in time he went.

There is a lot of literature

from the Muslim world about, uh, jinn

and about other creatures

created by God, but... a-along with men and animals.

So, I started l-looking at this, and what dawned on me

was that you could go back in history,

and people will interpret it in religious terms

as either evil or...

angels or religious apparitions.

Jacques Vallée noticed some connections

between modern-day UFO sightings

and ancient folkloric tales of strange lights

and even entity encounters.

And he said, look, this could be the same phenomenon,

but just people use different words

according to their language,

according to their belief systems.

I looked especially in Europe.

So many of those were fairy tales that I had heard as a kid.

It turns out they come from real observations.

A few folklore experts in the 19th century

and early 20th century,

in Ireland and, uh, Wales and Scotland,

had gone around collecting actual reports

of people encountering, not just little people,

but little people with strange contraptions.

Strange houses where you would lose your sense of time.

You would come out and years would've passed.

And so you are beginning to see

that these people were confronted

with another race,

that there was communication with it.

Jacques Vallée realized that many of the stories

that we have of in the Middle Ages

of trolls and fairy folk and things like that,

it reminded him of similar stories

that we have today in the UFO world.

So, he asked the question, is it possible

that these ancient stories that we have,

are they identical to what we see

with the modern-day UFO phenomenon?

In 1969, Jacques Vallée published

the culmination of this research

in a book titled Passport to Magonia,

named for the fabled cloud realm detailed

in medieval French folklore.

In that book, he describes that perhaps

some of those old stories and legends of fairy folk

are not necessarily made up,

but that they may be descriptions

of visiting extraterrestrials

that our ancestors then interpreted as fairy folk.

Passport to Magonia was a game changer.

To suggest that these things, whatever they are,

interact with humans

throughout human history,

on every continent, in every culture.

At this time, the primary thought

about extraterrestrials

was UFOs only started showing up in 1947

with the Kenneth Arnold sighting.

But Vallée is starting to see that they've always been here,

that they've shown up in culture after culture,

and saying that this phenomena has always been with us.

With Passport to Magonia,

Jacques Vallée became a seminal figure

to not only ufologists,

but also ancient astronaut theorists.

And his book came out within just a few months

of Swiss author Erich von Danikën's

Chariots of the Gods?,

which also posed the possibility that extraterrestrials

had visited Earth in the distant past.

When you read the words of Jacques Vallée,

you can't help but be thinking

of the work of Erich Von Däniken.

Chariots of the Gods? and Passport to Magonia

come to the same conclusion: this is an ancient phenomenon.

I adore some of the writings of Jacques Vallée.

He's a brilliant man.

And of course, out there in the universe,

there might be different forms of extraterrestrial,

not only a human form.

They might be small beings,

bigger beings, giants.

We have no idea.

We have no idea.

Ancient astronaut theorists cite Magonia

as one of many instances when Jacques Vallée

found himself at the forefront of UFO research

pushing the boundaries of what many deemed possible.

But his most groundbreaking theories were still to come.

Theories that would challenge our understanding

of not just UFOs, but the entire cosmos.

Jacques Vallée is recruited by the National Science Foundation

to work as a principal investigator

on a project known as ARPANET.

It was here where he helped build

the first public computer network ever developed.

And it is considered by many

to be the forerunner of the Internet.

ARPA was the Advanced Research Project Agency of the Pentagon.

There were 15 computing centers at universities.

At Stanford Research Institute, we had site number two,

the second computer on the Internet.

I ran one of the projects of many

and we implemented the first computer conferencing systems

when the ARPANET was going to turn into the Internet.

This is an incredible part of-of Vallée's story.

He goes to Silicon Valley and becomes amazingly successful

in the early days of ARPANET.

While working as a senior research engineer at Stanford,

on his own time, Vallée continued to compile reports

on unidentified aerial phenomena.

And the more information he gathered,

the more he began to question the very nature of UFOs.

What I found was that the ufologists

were still talking about UFOs

like they were advanced airplanes.

Well, that ignores pretty much everything that UFOs do.

Whatever propulsion there is,

is certainly not anything

that we account for in our equations.

And you ask the witnesses, how fast did it go off?

And they say, it lifted and then it disappeared.

And the interpretation is, they turn on, you know,

the afterburners and they go boom.

You know, and you don't see them anymore.

That's not true.

Vallée came to believe, based on the evidence

that he saw in the literary tradition,

and as well as what he's seeing in the sightings

and the documentation,

that perhaps what we're actually dealing with

is an interdimensional phenomenon,

and that extraterrestrials

are in fact coming from other dimensions.

Jacques Vallée was one of the first scientists

to ever bring in a multi-dimensional theory

in context with the UFO topic.

Jacques was ahead of his time,

and he's open-minded enough as a scientist

to be able to go there

and be very passionate about it.

Jacques Vallée changed his opinion

from nuts-and-bolts spacecraft

to it being that we live in a multiverse.

And that multiple existences are happening all at the same time.

And some of the UFO sightings

might be these blips of these civilizations

being able to move between dimensions.

The idea that we are in a universe

that has more than three or four dimensions with time,

that's passé for physics going back to, you know, 50 years ago.

I talk to scientists and to physicists,

and they tell me that essentially

space and time are human perceptions.

That's where physics stands now.

This doesn't come from the UFO people,

it comes from hard physics.

And I think part of my job,

I'm not a good enough physicist

to contribute to those ideas,

but I can bring fuel to the... to the discussion.

Jacques Vallée shared his idea

of interdimensional travelers with his former colleague

and longtime friend, J. Allen Hynek.

And together, they published the theory in the 1975 book,

The Edge of Reality.

Mr. Vallée opened the door

to a new kind of ufology,

not just little green men with flying saucers

landing on the White House lawn,

but creatures from another dimension.

Creatures that can go through doorways

and go between universes.

Vallée and Hynek's controversial ideas

captured the imagination of the public.

And not long after the book was released,

they also caught the attention

of Hollywood's most celebrated new filmmaker:

Steven Spielberg.

I'm convinced that there's something going on,

but no one really knows what it is.

Uh, Dr. Hynek certainly d-doesn't know what it is.

I have theories, he has theories.

No one really can put their finger on it.

If-if they could, the mystery would be solved.

Jacques Vallée's influence was so profound

that he came to the attention of director Steven Spielberg.

Vallée is the model for the character

of Claude Lacombe, the French scientist

that we see in Close Encounters of the Third Kind.

I heard of it through Dr. Hynek

that one of the characters was based on me.

And then there was a-a reporter in-in Hollywood,

they invited Steven Spielberg to lunch with us.

And t-the three of us had a conversation about the movie

and he confirmed that they wanted a scientist

who would be from another culture, and not American,

but from another culture, and would think about it

in different ways.

And Steven Spielberg told me he had read my first books,

Anatomy of a Phenomenon, was published in '65,

which meant he was studying the subject way back.

It was wonderful because

usually in Hollywood, you know,

the aliens come down and they start shooting.

And-and that's not what he wanted to do.

He wanted to show the interaction,

the human contact.

Grossing over $300 million worldwide,

Close Encounters became a blockbuster hit

and sparked greater public interest

in both the UFO mystery and Jacques Vallée.

And in the decades to come, Vallée would once again

find himself at the center of a secret UFO investigation

run by the U.S. government.

As the end of the 20th century approaches,

French scientist and astronomer Jacques Vallée turns his focus

to funding emerging technologies,

spearheading advancements

in everything from wireless networks

to biotech and nanotechnology.

Vallée is also interested

in bringing ufology into a new technological age

and in 1995, he gets his opportunity

when he meets aerospace entrepreneur Robert Bigelow.

In the mid-1990s,

billionaire Robert Bigelow enters the UFO scene

and he is funding a civilian scientific effort--

the National Institute for Discovery Science--

that's looking into the phenomena

and other related phenomena.

And he brings together

some of the very best in the field.

And of course, naturally, this brings him to Jacques Vallée.

The research that Mr. Bigelow funded was

absolutely remarkable.

You know, in science you have

lots of good scientists with good ideas.

But you need somebody who has a vision

of where the enterprise is going to go.

Mr. Bigelow is just a remarkable business leader.

Bigelow created his own UFO organization

devoted to figuring out the UFO mystery and he had

this amazing group of people,

and Jacques Vallée was one of them.

Those relationships became seminal to the development

of the UFO topic in the decade since.

Working with Bigelow,

Vallée created the most comprehensive

UFO database in modern history.

Called the Capella program, it uses artificial intelligence

to investigate patterns behind the UFO phenomenon.

Dr. Vallée has amassed a database

consisting of over 260,000 documents

all UAP-related.

Now, it took him 60 years almost to amass this.

Perhaps we can use

the new tools of AI, for example, to crunch

those 260,000 documents once again.

And maybe AI will recognize some pattern.

If you tell me about something you've seen in the sky,

there are some possibilities that will come to me.

Maybe it's an airplane, maybe it's a cloud.

Maybe it's-it's a reflection of the Moon.

And there are another 200 possibilities

my brain isn't capable of thinking of.

AI can help.

I'm a physicist,

and step one of being a physicist is

to collect the data.

That's the first thing you do.

And that's what Vallée has done here.

Vallée is the very first to apply computer science

to the study of UFO sightings.

And in every way is,

is finding a-a way to apply modern technology

to the UFO phenomenon.

In December 2017,

nearly a decade after Vallée created the Capella database,

a bombshell New York Times article revealed

that Robert Bigelow was part of a secret military project

known as the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program,

or AATIP.

The program was conducted from 2007 to 2012,

receiving $22 million in Congressional funding.

This turned the whole UFO world upside down.

And people were kind of blown away

because the U.S. government had always said, "Uh, we don't,

we have no interest in UFOs. This is not a thing."

What we have learned, subsequently, is

the AATIP program clearly was using the Capella database,

putting more money into it and working to build it.

So Vallée ended up having a tremendous impact

on this secret UFO program that now we all know about.

To many ufologists across the world,

the unmasking of AATIP

and its use of Vallée's Capella database

marked the beginning of a new era.

It was the first time

that the U.S. government openly acknowledged

the UFO issue since the end of Project Blue Book

more than 50 years earlier

for which Jacques Vallée was also a key contributor.

And this is an incredible part of Vallée's story,

that beginning in the 1950s, he's starting to create

databases of UFO sightings.

2017 comes this blockbuster report.

He's almost like

a passing-through character, but yet here he is.

And what's he doing? Building a database.

Database, database, database.

It's all about the accumulation of these stories

and the insights that are contained within.

Most contemporary data we have,

unfortunately, it's still classified.

But we can already see a lot from what we've done

with smaller databases that were public.

I trust that the people are doing a good job

of working with it.

So we should have some better answers in, in time.

As ufology enters a new chapter in the 21st century,

Jacques Vallée remains as relevant as ever.

And he is now lending his expertise

to a groundbreaking effort

to identify objects in space that might be harboring...

extraterrestrial technology.

Harvard astronomer and astrophysicist Avi Loeb launches

a new scientific search for extraterrestrial intelligence

called the Galileo Project.

Avi Loeb of Harvard is a reputable scientist

who made lots of waves by talking about investigating

extraterrestrial civilizations' technology.

Professor Loeb says,

"Why not monitor meteors and things in outer space?"

Perhaps one of them is remnants of an advanced civilization.

That's the Galileo Project.

Among the many experts who are contributing

to the Galileo Project is Jacques Vallée.

We know what equipment we can deploy

about objects that are in the atmosphere.

We want to know if they are coming in

and out of the atmosphere, and where do they go?

Astronomers have been asking those questions for a long time.

With the Galileo Project, I'm very thankful

that I was able to work with people who were

just giving their-their time and their life to this.

It's just pure, pure science.

After nearly 70 years

of investigating and documenting UFOs...

...from assisting J. Allen Hynek on Project Blue Book

to publishing groundbreaking books

and creating the world's largest UFO database...

...Vallée is hopeful that his work has brought

humanity closer to solving an age-old mystery,

one that dates to the dawn of recorded history.

Jacques Vallée's contributions

to the UFO field are immeasurably valuable.

He has been one of the people to change the paradigm,

and it has taken him decades to do this.

He's one of the first people that looked at the data

and said, "There's something going on here

and it certainly merits more investigation."

What makes Vallée

a unique figure in the whole ufology scene is that

he's a person whom everyone,

the skeptics and the believers, all take very seriously.

Jacques Vallée made an impact on the world

in so many different ways.

He's a talented science fiction writer.

He's a talented novelist.

He's a talented computer scientist.

He was one of the earliest folks

to apply computer technology to UFO world

to figure out how to organize data.

Any conversation you have with Jacques Vallée,

any interview you do with him,

he talks about the need for more data.

There's never enough data.

My father made a lot of people feel more comfortable accepting

the idea that UFOs could be real.

I think Jacques has taken people even further

in getting them to question

the very origin of the phenomena.

Jacques Vallée is a hugely intelligent man.

He's a-a true out-of-the-box thinker.

When he started,

a lot of the things that he was saying were very fringe.

They've now become mainstream.

When the history of this subject is written,

Jacques Vallée's name will be writ large,

and rightly so.

For more than six decades,

Jacques Vallée has made invaluable contributions

to help solve the UFO mystery,

and continues to even today.

Will his lifetime of incredible research

and scientific exploration

soon lead to real answers about what has been happening

in our skies for thousands of years?

Only time will tell.

But one thing is certain:

whenever we arrive at the truth,

it will be largely due to the work of Jacques Vallée.

I still haven't solved it.

Uh, but I felt that

in my life, I would not be able

to make a contribution at the right level

to influence finding the answer.

I've made a contribution

alongside with a number of very, very bright people,

um,

and all you can hope in science is to make one contribution.

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