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00:00:04,172 --> 00:00:08,241
Narrator: NASA's MISSION
IS TO EXPLORE THE UNKNOWN.
2
00:00:08,241 --> 00:00:11,413
Man: THERE'S MORE THAT WE DON'T
KNOW THAN WE DO KNOW.
3
00:00:11,413 --> 00:00:13,413
THAT'S JUST THE NATURE
OF THE UNIVERSE.
4
00:00:13,413 --> 00:00:16,379
Narrator:
IN THE SEARCH FOR ANSWERS,
5
00:00:16,379 --> 00:00:19,551
IT LAUNCHES
ITS SCIENTISTS INTO SPACE,
6
00:00:19,551 --> 00:00:23,000
ITS CRAFT BEYOND THE LIMITS
OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
7
00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:27,758
Williams: TAKING RISKS IS PART
OF MAKING DISCOVERIES.
8
00:00:27,758 --> 00:00:32,482
SPACE EXPLORATION
IS LIKE LIGHTING A MATCH,
9
00:00:32,482 --> 00:00:35,689
AND WE DON'T KNOW
WHAT LURKS IN THE SHADOWS.
10
00:00:36,965 --> 00:00:38,931
THERE COULD BE ANYTHING
OUT THERE.
11
00:00:40,689 --> 00:00:42,724
Narrator: MYSTERIOUS TRACKS,
12
00:00:42,724 --> 00:00:44,827
HUNTED ASTRONAUTS,
13
00:00:44,827 --> 00:00:47,689
FOUNTAINS OF LIFE
ON SATURN'S MOON,
14
00:00:47,689 --> 00:00:52,344
AND POSSIBLE EVIDENCE
OF AN ALIEN INVASION --
15
00:00:52,344 --> 00:00:56,310
NASA's MISSIONS HAVE UNCOVERED
DISTURBING ANOMALIES...
16
00:00:56,310 --> 00:00:58,448
MAN: Okay, we're seeing
three or four objects.
17
00:00:58,448 --> 00:01:00,862
MAN #2: Yeah,
there are three objects.
18
00:01:00,862 --> 00:01:04,793
...THAT CONTINUE TO PERPLEX
OUR FINEST SCIENTIFIC MINDS.
19
00:01:05,620 --> 00:01:09,310
THESE ARE
NASA'S UNEXPLAINED FILES.
20
00:01:09,310 --> 00:01:10,896
--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com
21
00:01:10,896 --> 00:01:12,724
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
22
00:01:12,724 --> 00:01:17,241
A MYSTERIOUS OBJECT
FLOATS ABOVE OUR ATMOSPHERE.
23
00:01:17,241 --> 00:01:19,137
IT LOOKS LIKE
A KLINGON BIRD-OF-PREY.
24
00:01:19,137 --> 00:01:21,482
Narrator:
SOME SAY IT'S A STEALTH CRAFT
25
00:01:21,482 --> 00:01:23,482
FROM A SECRET DEFENSE PROJECT...
26
00:01:23,482 --> 00:01:25,206
Oberg:
THE BLACK KNIGHT GOES BACK
27
00:01:25,206 --> 00:01:28,275
TO THE EARLY YEARS OF
THE SPACE AGE AND EVEN BEFORE.
28
00:01:28,275 --> 00:01:32,620
Narrator: ...OR SOMETHING
EVEN MORE SINISTER.
29
00:01:32,620 --> 00:01:33,931
Friedman: THERE'S A BLACK WORLD
OUT THERE --
30
00:01:33,931 --> 00:01:37,137
LOTS OF THINGS WE CAN'T EXPLAIN.
31
00:01:37,137 --> 00:01:38,724
THAT'S THE WAY LIFE IS.
32
00:01:42,758 --> 00:01:45,586
[ INDISTINCT RADIO CHATTER ]
33
00:01:45,586 --> 00:01:47,758
Narrator: DECEMBER 1998 --
34
00:01:47,758 --> 00:01:49,620
SIX NASA ASTRONAUTS
35
00:01:49,620 --> 00:01:54,137
ARE ABOUT TO OPEN A NEW CHAPTER
IN SPACE EXPLORATION.
36
00:01:54,137 --> 00:01:55,896
THEIR MISSION --
37
00:01:55,896 --> 00:01:58,655
TO ASSEMBLE
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
38
00:01:58,655 --> 00:02:01,137
THE FIRST
PERMANENTLY MANNED SATELLITE
39
00:02:01,137 --> 00:02:04,172
TO ORBIT THE EARTH.
40
00:02:04,172 --> 00:02:08,206
JERRY ROSS IS THE SPACEWALK
MISSION SPECIALIST.
41
00:02:08,206 --> 00:02:10,793
WHEN YOU'RE STARTING TO LAY
THE CORNERSTONES
42
00:02:10,793 --> 00:02:14,172
OF SOMETHING AS IMPORTANT AS
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
43
00:02:14,172 --> 00:02:15,931
YOU'RE PUMPING
44
00:02:15,931 --> 00:02:18,034
AND YOU WANT TO GET ON
WITH THE PROGRAM.
45
00:02:18,034 --> 00:02:19,827
MAN: But the other one
has a dash-one,
46
00:02:19,827 --> 00:02:21,275
and you've hit
the nail on the head.
47
00:02:21,275 --> 00:02:22,827
Narrator:
SEVEN DAYS INTO THE MISSION,
48
00:02:22,827 --> 00:02:25,241
ROSS AND FELLOW ASTRONAUT
JIM NEWMAN
49
00:02:25,241 --> 00:02:27,517
ARE INSTALLING
THERMAL PROTECTION
50
00:02:27,517 --> 00:02:29,586
ON THE NEW SPACE STATION
51
00:02:29,586 --> 00:02:32,620
WHEN SOMEONE SPOTS
SOMETHING UNEXPECTED.
52
00:02:32,620 --> 00:02:34,965
A CREW MEMBER SAID,
"WHAT'S THAT?"
53
00:02:34,965 --> 00:02:38,103
AND I'M STARTING TO LOOK AROUND,
TRYING TO UNDERSTAND --
54
00:02:38,103 --> 00:02:40,586
"WHAT'S THAT?
WHAT ARE THEY TALKING ABOUT?"
55
00:02:40,586 --> 00:02:42,482
Narrator:
THE CREW IMMEDIATELY FOLLOW
56
00:02:42,482 --> 00:02:44,586
NASA's UFO-SIGHTING PROTOCOL.
57
00:02:44,586 --> 00:02:47,586
THE FIRST THING WE TRY TO DO IS
TO TAKE PICTURES OF WHAT WE SEE
58
00:02:47,586 --> 00:02:49,551
SO THAT WE HAVE
PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE.
59
00:02:49,551 --> 00:02:52,103
[ CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKS ]
60
00:02:55,241 --> 00:02:56,793
Narrator: BACK ON EARTH,
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00:02:56,793 --> 00:02:59,551
THE PHOTOGRAPHS CREATE
AN INSTANT SENSATION
62
00:02:59,551 --> 00:03:00,931
IN THE UFO COMMUNITY.
63
00:03:00,931 --> 00:03:06,724
THEY SEE A LINK TO A MYSTERIOUS
OBJECT FROM THE 1950s
64
00:03:06,724 --> 00:03:11,758
KNOWN AS THE BLACK KNIGHT.
65
00:03:11,758 --> 00:03:16,000
SOME PEOPLE THOUGHT IT WAS
EXTRATERRESTRIAL IN ORIGIN,
66
00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:19,379
OTHERS THAT IT CAME
FROM CLOSER TO HOME.
67
00:03:19,379 --> 00:03:21,275
THE BLACK KNIGHT GOES BACK
68
00:03:21,275 --> 00:03:24,896
TO THE EARLY YEARS OF
THE SPACE AGE AND EVEN BEFORE.
69
00:03:24,896 --> 00:03:26,448
PEOPLE WERE BEGINNING
TO WATCH THE SKIES,
70
00:03:26,448 --> 00:03:29,206
LOOKING FOR SATELLITES --
SECRET ONES.
71
00:03:29,206 --> 00:03:32,517
Narrator: THESE SO-CALLED
"DARK SATELLITES"
72
00:03:32,517 --> 00:03:36,931
WERE UNEXPLAINED BLIPS THAT
MYSTERIOUSLY APPEARED ON RADAR.
73
00:03:36,931 --> 00:03:39,137
AND SOMETIMES
OMINOUS BLACK SHAPES
74
00:03:39,137 --> 00:03:41,275
WERE SPOTTED
HOVERING IN THE SKY.
75
00:03:41,275 --> 00:03:42,586
AT THE TIME,
76
00:03:42,586 --> 00:03:46,344
THE RUSSIANS ACCUSED THE U.S.
OF SPACE ESPIONAGE,
77
00:03:46,344 --> 00:03:49,068
WHILE THE U.S. SUSPECTED
THE SAME.
78
00:03:49,068 --> 00:03:51,551
THE BLACK KNIGHT
IS JUST ONE OF MANY THINGS
79
00:03:51,551 --> 00:03:53,689
THAT WE DON'T HAVE
EXPLANATIONS FOR.
80
00:03:56,172 --> 00:03:59,103
CERTAINLY,
PEOPLE DON'T UNDERSTAND
81
00:03:59,103 --> 00:04:00,655
THAT JUST BECAUSE IT'S OURS
82
00:04:00,655 --> 00:04:03,034
DOESN'T MEAN
WE TELL EVERYBODY ABOUT IT.
83
00:04:03,034 --> 00:04:05,068
MAN: Do it.
I'll guarantee you.
84
00:04:05,068 --> 00:04:08,241
Narrator: BUT JERRY ROSS DOESN'T
BUY THE DARK SATELLITE THEORY.
85
00:04:08,241 --> 00:04:10,793
HE BELIEVES
THERE'S A SIMPLER EXPLANATION.
86
00:04:10,793 --> 00:04:14,482
Ross: JIM WAS SUPPOSED TO PUT
A THERMAL BLANKET
87
00:04:14,482 --> 00:04:17,482
ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE STATION
TO PROTECT IT FROM HEAT LOSSES.
88
00:04:17,482 --> 00:04:19,793
MAN: We'll start at the base
and then work our way up.
89
00:04:19,793 --> 00:04:21,413
Ross: I WAS AHEAD ON MY TASK,
90
00:04:21,413 --> 00:04:23,931
SO JIM OFFERED TO GIVE ME
THE THERMAL BLANKET
91
00:04:23,931 --> 00:04:25,689
AND LET ME ATTACH IT,
92
00:04:25,689 --> 00:04:29,482
WHEN SOMEONE SAID,
"WHAT'S THAT FLOATING AWAY?"
93
00:04:29,482 --> 00:04:32,724
I LOOKED,
AND I SAW THIS BLANKET.
94
00:04:32,724 --> 00:04:34,862
I LOOKED AT THE TETHER
OF WHERE IT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE,
95
00:04:34,862 --> 00:04:36,000
AND IT WASN'T THERE.
96
00:04:44,724 --> 00:04:48,206
IN THIS CASE,
IT'S A STORY OF AN OOPS --
97
00:04:48,206 --> 00:04:50,862
DROPPING A PIECE OF EQUIPMENT.
98
00:04:50,862 --> 00:04:54,758
IT WASN'T ALIEN.
IT WAS A MISTAKE.
99
00:04:54,758 --> 00:04:57,034
IT WAS A REALLY BAD FEELING.
100
00:04:57,034 --> 00:04:59,448
Narrator:
THE BLANKET LOOKS BLACK
101
00:04:59,448 --> 00:05:03,448
BECAUSE ITS REFLECTIVE SURFACE
IS FACING AWAY FROM THE EARTH,
102
00:05:03,448 --> 00:05:07,241
OUT TOWARDS
THE DARKNESS OF SPACE.
103
00:05:07,241 --> 00:05:11,275
BUT NOT EVERY SIGHTING
OF THE BLACK KNIGHT
104
00:05:11,275 --> 00:05:13,793
CAN BE SO EASILY EXPLAINED.
105
00:05:13,793 --> 00:05:17,758
THERE WERE REPORTS IN THE '50s
106
00:05:17,758 --> 00:05:21,310
OF STRANGE THINGS IN ORBIT
AROUND THE EARTH.
107
00:05:21,310 --> 00:05:22,758
WE DON'T KNOW WHAT THEY WERE.
108
00:05:22,758 --> 00:05:24,724
THEY WEREN'T OURS,
AS FAR AS WE KNOW.
109
00:05:24,724 --> 00:05:26,724
WE DON'T THINK
THEY WERE RUSSIA'S, EITHER.
110
00:05:26,724 --> 00:05:28,655
WHAT DOES THAT LEAVE?
111
00:05:30,413 --> 00:05:31,379
WHO KNOWS?
112
00:05:33,206 --> 00:05:38,275
Narrator: CONVENTIONAL
SCIENTIFIC WISDOM SUGGESTS
113
00:05:38,275 --> 00:05:39,931
THAT ANY ALIEN INTRUDER
114
00:05:39,931 --> 00:05:44,275
WOULD HAVE TO TRAVEL LIGHT-YEARS
TO REACH US...
115
00:05:44,275 --> 00:05:45,793
BUT ONE NASA CRAFT
116
00:05:45,793 --> 00:05:49,896
HAS DISCOVERED POTENTIAL SIGNS
OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE
117
00:05:49,896 --> 00:05:52,448
RIGHT NEXT DOOR.
118
00:05:52,448 --> 00:05:54,275
[ MORSE CODE BEEPING ]
119
00:05:54,275 --> 00:05:57,620
A NASA PROBE DETECTS
A MYSTERIOUS ENERGY SOURCE
120
00:05:57,620 --> 00:05:59,724
ON ONE OF SATURN'S DEAD MOONS,
121
00:05:59,724 --> 00:06:03,689
AND THE SEARCH FOR LIFE TAKES
AN UNEXPECTED LEAP FORWARD.
122
00:06:03,689 --> 00:06:06,034
ENCELADUS IS NOW
MY NUMBER-ONE CHOICE
123
00:06:06,034 --> 00:06:07,862
FOR WHERE WE MIGHT FIND LIFE.
124
00:06:07,862 --> 00:06:11,275
WE THOUGHT ENCELADUS WAS DEAD.
IT BLEW OUR MINDS.
125
00:06:11,275 --> 00:06:15,275
WHEN WE SEE A PUZZLE LIKE THIS,
WE WANT TO FIGURE IT OUT.
126
00:06:15,275 --> 00:06:17,103
D'Antonio: IT'S SPECTACULAR --
127
00:06:17,103 --> 00:06:18,689
NOTHING LIKE IT
IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
128
00:06:18,689 --> 00:06:19,689
THAT WE'VE SEEN SO FAR.
129
00:06:24,379 --> 00:06:28,068
Narrator: NASA's CASSINI PROBE
TRANSMITS MISSION DATA
130
00:06:28,068 --> 00:06:30,310
ACROSS A BILLION MILES OF SPACE.
131
00:06:30,310 --> 00:06:32,310
[ MORSE CODE BEEPING ]
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00:06:32,310 --> 00:06:36,551
WHEN IT PASSES 700 MILES
ABOVE SATURN'S MOON ENCELADUS,
133
00:06:36,551 --> 00:06:40,758
PROJECT INVESTIGATOR
MICHELLE DOUGHERTY
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CAN'T BELIEVE WHAT SHE SEES.
135
00:06:43,551 --> 00:06:45,551
Dougherty: I LOOK AT THE DATA.
136
00:06:45,551 --> 00:06:48,482
I SEE THESE LARGE CHANGES,
AND I THINK, "THIS IS WEIRD.
137
00:06:48,482 --> 00:06:50,517
"I DON'T UNDERSTAND
WHAT'S GOING ON AT ALL.
138
00:06:50,517 --> 00:06:52,586
WHAT COULD IT BE TELLING US?"
139
00:06:52,586 --> 00:06:55,724
I TAKE A DEEP BREATH,
AND I PHONE THE CASSINI PROJECT.
140
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AND I SAY,
141
00:06:57,068 --> 00:06:59,724
"WE THINK WE'RE SEEING
AN ATMOSPHERE AT ENCELADUS.
142
00:06:59,724 --> 00:07:01,862
ENCELADUS IS ALIVE."
143
00:07:04,586 --> 00:07:07,758
Narrator: PUTTING HER REPUTATION
ON THE LINE,
144
00:07:07,758 --> 00:07:12,655
DOUGHERTY PERSUADES NASA
TO INTERRUPT ITS MISSION,
145
00:07:12,655 --> 00:07:14,172
TURN THE PROBE AROUND,
146
00:07:14,172 --> 00:07:18,137
AND TAKE AN EVEN CLOSER LOOK
AT ENCELADUS.
147
00:07:18,137 --> 00:07:20,344
[ MORSE CODE BEEPING ]
148
00:07:20,344 --> 00:07:21,758
WHAT HAPPENS
IF WE DON'T SEE ANYTHING?
149
00:07:22,620 --> 00:07:26,413
NO ONE'S EVER GONNA BELIEVE
ANYTHING I SAY AGAIN.
150
00:07:26,413 --> 00:07:29,448
Narrator:
SKIMMING SATURN'S RINGS,
151
00:07:29,448 --> 00:07:32,413
CASSINI TAKES A CLOSER LOOK
AT ENCELADUS.
152
00:07:32,413 --> 00:07:35,862
THE IMAGES IT SENDS BACK
ARE ASTONISHING.
153
00:07:38,034 --> 00:07:40,862
ENORMOUS PLUMES OF LIQUID WATER
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00:07:40,862 --> 00:07:44,172
SPEW OUT OF A MOON
THAT SHOULD BE DEAD.
155
00:07:46,586 --> 00:07:49,172
THE PLUMES THAT WE'RE SEEING
AT ENCELADUS ARE HUGE...
156
00:07:51,103 --> 00:07:54,137
...HALF THE SIZE
OF THE MOON ITSELF.
157
00:07:54,137 --> 00:07:57,931
IT VALIDATES THE DECISION
THAT WE MADE TO GO CLOSE
158
00:07:57,931 --> 00:08:00,655
AND REALLY GIVE US
A NEW DISCOVERY
159
00:08:00,655 --> 00:08:04,206
THAT NO ONE ACTUALLY THOUGHT
WAS EVER GONNA BE THERE.
160
00:08:04,206 --> 00:08:05,206
SO, IT'S REALLY COOL.
161
00:08:05,206 --> 00:08:08,482
Narrator:
THE SENSATIONAL DISCOVERY
162
00:08:08,482 --> 00:08:10,862
HITS THE WORLD'S HEADLINES,
163
00:08:10,862 --> 00:08:13,827
BUT PLANETARY SCIENTISTS
ARE BAFFLED
164
00:08:13,827 --> 00:08:16,000
BY THE GIANT LIQUID PLUMES.
165
00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:19,172
Dr. Brines:
IT SHOULD BE COMPLETELY FROZEN,
166
00:08:19,172 --> 00:08:20,482
BUT YET WE HAVE LIQUID WATER,
167
00:08:20,482 --> 00:08:22,137
32 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
AND WARMER,
168
00:08:22,137 --> 00:08:24,206
COMING OUT OF THIS THING,
SPEWING INTO SPACE.
169
00:08:24,206 --> 00:08:28,517
Narrator: SOMETHING OR SOMEONE
IS HEATING UP A MOON
170
00:08:28,517 --> 00:08:33,206
THAT SHOULD HAVE FROZEN TO DEATH
MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO.
171
00:08:33,206 --> 00:08:35,344
WE EXPECT
THAT THE SURFACE OF ENCELADUS
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00:08:35,344 --> 00:08:36,896
HAS A LITTLE BIT OF HEAT ON IT
173
00:08:36,896 --> 00:08:39,137
BECAUSE OF THE SOLAR RADIATION
COMING IN,
174
00:08:39,137 --> 00:08:41,862
BUT YOU COULD POWER
20 COAL POWER STATIONS
175
00:08:41,862 --> 00:08:43,620
WITH THE HEAT THAT WE FIND.
176
00:08:43,620 --> 00:08:46,034
AND THAT'S A REAL SURPRISE.
177
00:08:46,034 --> 00:08:48,655
WHAT IS POWERING ENCELADUS?
178
00:08:48,655 --> 00:08:50,482
Narrator: ONE THEORY IS
179
00:08:50,482 --> 00:08:53,379
THAT THE MYSTERIOUS ENERGY
EMANATES
180
00:08:53,379 --> 00:08:56,517
FROM SATURN'S
EXTREME GRAVITATIONAL FORCE.
181
00:08:56,517 --> 00:08:58,793
D'Antonio:
ENCELADUS ISN'T LIKE OUR MOON.
182
00:08:58,793 --> 00:09:00,241
IT HAS A ROCKY CORE,
183
00:09:00,241 --> 00:09:02,689
BUT IT ACTUALLY HAS
A WATER OCEAN
184
00:09:02,689 --> 00:09:05,689
BENEATH A MANTLE OF THICK ICE.
185
00:09:05,689 --> 00:09:07,655
AS ENCELADUS ORBITS SATURN,
186
00:09:07,655 --> 00:09:10,517
SATURN'S MASSIVE GRAVITY
SQUISHES IT,
187
00:09:10,517 --> 00:09:12,689
PUTTING A LOT OF ENERGY
188
00:09:12,689 --> 00:09:15,551
INTO THAT LITTLE, TINY,
300-MILE-DIAMETER BALL.
189
00:09:15,551 --> 00:09:18,724
AND SO, THAT'S HELPING TO PUSH
THAT ICE WATER
190
00:09:18,724 --> 00:09:20,931
OUT OF THESE FISSURES
AT HIGH VELOCITY.
191
00:09:20,931 --> 00:09:24,344
Narrator:
CASSINI FLIES THROUGH A PLUME
192
00:09:24,344 --> 00:09:27,517
SPEWING FROM
THE ICY MOON'S GEYSER.
193
00:09:27,517 --> 00:09:29,034
WHAT IT DISCOVERS
194
00:09:29,034 --> 00:09:32,241
TURNS ENCELADUS FROM A BARREN,
FREEZING WASTELAND
195
00:09:32,241 --> 00:09:36,482
INTO A PROMISING PLACE
FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE.
196
00:09:36,482 --> 00:09:38,965
D'Antonio:
THE INTERESTING THING IS,
COMING OUT WITH THOSE GEYSERS,
197
00:09:38,965 --> 00:09:41,448
WE'RE ALSO SEEING
HYDROCARBONS --
198
00:09:41,448 --> 00:09:43,586
BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE.
199
00:09:43,586 --> 00:09:46,206
ENCELADUS IS NOW
MY NUMBER-ONE CHOICE
200
00:09:46,206 --> 00:09:48,137
FOR WHERE WE MIGHT FIND LIFE.
201
00:09:48,137 --> 00:09:50,275
Dr. Reid:
IF YOU FIND LIQUID WATER,
202
00:09:50,275 --> 00:09:52,344
YOU CAN START TO TALK ABOUT
THE POSSIBILITIES
203
00:09:52,344 --> 00:09:54,586
FOR PERHAPS FINDING
SOME KIND OF ALIEN LIFE
204
00:09:54,586 --> 00:09:56,413
BENEATH THE SURFACE
OF ENCELADUS.
205
00:09:56,413 --> 00:09:58,068
I THINK IF SOMEBODY
HAD SUGGESTED THAT
206
00:09:58,068 --> 00:09:59,379
BEFORE THE MISSION WENT THERE,
207
00:09:59,379 --> 00:10:01,379
THEY WOULD HAVE BEEN CARTED OFF
INTO A SMALL ROOM.
208
00:10:01,379 --> 00:10:04,275
Dr. McKay: THE NEXT STEP IS
DIRECTLY SEARCH FOR LIFE.
209
00:10:04,275 --> 00:10:06,103
WE WANT TO GO BACK TO THE PLUME
210
00:10:06,103 --> 00:10:08,103
WITH MORE SOPHISTICATED
INSTRUMENTS,
211
00:10:08,103 --> 00:10:11,000
AND I THINK EVEN GRAB A SAMPLE
AND BRING IT BACK TO EARTH.
212
00:10:13,241 --> 00:10:14,724
Narrator: UP NEXT...
213
00:10:14,724 --> 00:10:17,793
SUN DAMAGE ON A COSMIC SCALE...
214
00:10:17,793 --> 00:10:19,896
THERE IS A HOLE --
NOTHING THERE.
215
00:10:19,896 --> 00:10:21,896
Narrator:
...AND SOMETHING OUT THERE
216
00:10:21,896 --> 00:10:23,275
MAY BE WATCHING US.
217
00:10:23,275 --> 00:10:26,862
WHY WOULDN'T AN ALIEN CULTURE
USE SPY SATELLITES?
218
00:10:37,793 --> 00:10:40,310
WE'RE COMPLETELY
AT THE MERCY OF OUR SUN.
219
00:10:40,310 --> 00:10:43,034
WE CAN'T CONTROL IT,
WE BARELY UNDERSTAND IT,
220
00:10:43,034 --> 00:10:44,551
AND ALL LIFE DEPENDS ON IT.
221
00:10:46,793 --> 00:10:50,827
Narrator: BUT HAS OUR SUN
TURNED TO THE DARK SIDE?
222
00:10:50,827 --> 00:10:53,793
WHAT THE HECK IS GOING ON THERE?
223
00:10:53,793 --> 00:10:58,172
Narrator: A GIANT CHUNK
OF THE SUN IS MISSING.
224
00:10:58,172 --> 00:11:00,448
THERE IS A HOLE --
NOTHING THERE.
225
00:11:00,448 --> 00:11:04,275
IT'S AS IF ALIENS
HAD SCOOPED THE SURFACE.
226
00:11:09,689 --> 00:11:12,517
Narrator: JULY 2013,
227
00:11:12,517 --> 00:11:14,275
GODDARD SPACE CENTER --
228
00:11:14,275 --> 00:11:19,068
THE HEADQUARTERS OF NASA's
SOHO SOLAR OBSERVATORY.
229
00:11:19,068 --> 00:11:20,586
ITS MISSION --
230
00:11:20,586 --> 00:11:23,517
TO KEEP AN EYE
ON OUR FIERY STAR.
231
00:11:23,517 --> 00:11:25,931
THE SOHO PROJECT
IS AN EARLY-WARNING SYSTEM
232
00:11:25,931 --> 00:11:27,310
ABOUT NEW PHENOMENA
233
00:11:27,310 --> 00:11:29,689
WHICH COULD HAVE AN IMPACT
HERE ON EARTH.
234
00:11:29,689 --> 00:11:32,655
Narrator: SCIENTISTS MONITORING
THE SATELLITE FEEDS
235
00:11:32,655 --> 00:11:37,068
SEE SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY --
236
00:11:37,068 --> 00:11:41,517
A GIGANTIC SHADOW
CREEPING ACROSS THE SUN...
237
00:11:43,379 --> 00:11:47,931
...A 500,000-MILE-WIDE HOLE.
238
00:11:49,448 --> 00:11:52,241
AS NASA STRUGGLES
TO ASSESS THE THREAT,
239
00:11:52,241 --> 00:11:56,379
THE DRAMATIC IMAGES
FUEL A STORM OF SPECULATION.
240
00:11:56,379 --> 00:11:58,586
Friedman: THIS WAS WEIRD.
241
00:11:58,586 --> 00:12:02,586
WE DON'T KNOW WHETHER THAT WAS
ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED ON THE SUN.
242
00:12:02,586 --> 00:12:05,275
IT'S AS IF ALIENS
HAD SCOOPED THE SURFACE.
243
00:12:07,620 --> 00:12:09,310
Narrator: WHATEVER THE CAUSE,
244
00:12:09,310 --> 00:12:12,586
THE RESULTS COULD BE
CATASTROPHIC FOR US.
245
00:12:12,586 --> 00:12:16,103
A DIP OF EVEN 7%
IN THE SUN'S OUTPUT
246
00:12:16,103 --> 00:12:19,517
COULD CAST THE EARTH
INTO ANOTHER ICE AGE.
247
00:12:24,241 --> 00:12:27,206
ON NASA's SATELLITE FEEDS,
248
00:12:27,206 --> 00:12:30,241
THE STRANGE BLACK VOID
IS UNMISTAKABLE.
249
00:12:32,551 --> 00:12:34,275
BUT OUTSIDE,
250
00:12:34,275 --> 00:12:37,241
THE SUMMER SUN SEEMS TO SHINE
AS BRIGHTLY AS EVER
251
00:12:37,241 --> 00:12:43,241
WHILE THE HOLE REMAINS INVISIBLE
TO THE NAKED EYE.
252
00:12:43,241 --> 00:12:45,655
SO, HERE WE ARE ON EARTH,
LIVING OUR NORMAL LIVES,
253
00:12:45,655 --> 00:12:48,000
AND THERE'S A DISASTER MOVIE
GOING ON ON THE SUN.
254
00:12:52,862 --> 00:12:55,689
Narrator: IN AN EFFORT
TO EXPLAIN THE HOLE,
255
00:12:55,689 --> 00:12:57,586
SCIENTISTS TURN TO A SATELLITE
256
00:12:57,586 --> 00:13:00,172
THAT CAPTURES PICTURES
OF SUPER-HOT GASES
257
00:13:00,172 --> 00:13:01,793
IN THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE.
258
00:13:01,793 --> 00:13:05,896
ITS HIGH-TECH CAMERAS
SEE THINGS THAT HUMANS CAN'T --
259
00:13:05,896 --> 00:13:09,551
THINGS VISIBLE ONLY
IN THE ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM.
260
00:13:09,551 --> 00:13:13,000
SUDDENLY,
THE HOLE LOOKS DIFFERENT.
261
00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:16,862
Dr. Raferty: WHAT APPEARS TO BE
AN AREA OF DARK, EMPTY SPACE,
262
00:13:16,862 --> 00:13:18,068
IN ACTUAL FACT,
263
00:13:18,068 --> 00:13:20,551
IT'S FILLED WITH GASES
THAT ARE MUCH COLDER
264
00:13:20,551 --> 00:13:23,482
THAN THOSE THAT WE CAN SEE
IN THE AREA AROUND IT.
265
00:13:23,482 --> 00:13:25,137
Narrator: THE GIANT SHADOW
266
00:13:25,137 --> 00:13:28,827
IS REALLY A COLD PATCH
IN THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE.
267
00:13:28,827 --> 00:13:31,793
WHEN WE'RE TALKING A COLD PATCH,
WE'RE NOT TALKING ALASKA.
268
00:13:31,793 --> 00:13:33,344
IT'S STILL A MILLION DEGREES.
269
00:13:33,344 --> 00:13:37,034
Narrator: SOLAR SCIENTISTS
270
00:13:37,034 --> 00:13:41,103
CALL THESE COOLER AREAS
CORONAL HOLES.
271
00:13:41,103 --> 00:13:43,827
CORONAL HOLES ARE PLACES
WHERE MATERIAL CAN ESCAPE
272
00:13:43,827 --> 00:13:45,758
AND GET OUT INTO
THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM.
273
00:13:45,758 --> 00:13:48,620
Narrator:
TO THE HORROR OF SCIENTISTS,
274
00:13:48,620 --> 00:13:53,310
THIS CORONAL HOLE...
275
00:13:53,310 --> 00:13:55,827
COULD BE IN A PERFECT POSITION
276
00:13:55,827 --> 00:13:58,448
TO BLAST THE EARTH
WITH SOLAR PARTICLES.
277
00:13:58,448 --> 00:14:01,379
Dr. Brin:
THIS GIANT CORONAL HOLE
278
00:14:01,379 --> 00:14:05,965
IS SPEWING CHARGED PARTICLES
ACROSS SPACE,
279
00:14:05,965 --> 00:14:09,379
AND WHEN THE EARTH
HAPPENS TO BE IN THE WAY,
280
00:14:09,379 --> 00:14:11,413
YOU CAN GET A SOLAR STORM.
281
00:14:11,413 --> 00:14:15,862
Friedman: A SOLAR STORM
CAN KNOCK OUT SATELLITES.
282
00:14:15,862 --> 00:14:18,655
ELECTRONICS
WON'T FUNCTION PROPERLY.
283
00:14:18,655 --> 00:14:21,758
AND WE HAVE OCCASIONALLY HAD
THAT HAPPEN.
284
00:14:21,758 --> 00:14:24,448
THAT'S REAL.
IT'S NOT AN IMAGINARY CONCERN.
285
00:14:28,827 --> 00:14:32,068
IF WE ARE HIT,
IT'S REALLY A BIG DEAL.
286
00:14:32,068 --> 00:14:35,413
Narrator: TRAVELING
AT 1.5 MILLION MILES AN HOUR,
287
00:14:35,413 --> 00:14:39,379
THE DEADLY SUNBEAM WILL TAKE
58 HOURS TO REACH THE EARTH.
288
00:14:39,379 --> 00:14:41,758
WHEN IT HITS,
289
00:14:41,758 --> 00:14:44,586
THE FIRST SIGN SHOULD BE
A SPECTACULAR LIGHT SHOW
290
00:14:44,586 --> 00:14:45,896
AT THE AURORA BOREALIS
291
00:14:45,896 --> 00:14:50,482
AS THE PLANET'S MAGNETOSPHERE
FIGHTS TO PROTECT US
292
00:14:50,482 --> 00:14:56,448
BY ABSORBING THE ENERGY
OF THE BOMBARDING PARTICLES.
293
00:14:56,448 --> 00:15:00,000
JULY 20, 2013,
294
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,689
2 1/2 DAYS AFTER SCIENTISTS
FIRST SPOTTED THE HOLE,
295
00:15:03,689 --> 00:15:08,724
THE NORTHERN SKY ERUPTS
WITH FLASHING COLORS.
296
00:15:08,724 --> 00:15:14,379
COULD THIS BE THE OPENING ACT
IN A GLOBAL MELTDOWN?
297
00:15:14,379 --> 00:15:19,241
THE AWESOME DISPLAY LASTS
FOR TWO DAYS...
298
00:15:19,241 --> 00:15:21,379
THEN DIMS.
299
00:15:23,379 --> 00:15:25,206
TO THE SCIENTISTS' RELIEF,
300
00:15:25,206 --> 00:15:29,275
THE STORM WAS NOTHING MORE
THAN A BEAUTIFUL LIGHT SHOW.
301
00:15:29,275 --> 00:15:33,241
IT DEALT EARTH A GLANCING BLOW.
302
00:15:33,241 --> 00:15:37,551
NEXT TIME,
WE MIGHT NOT BE SO LUCKY.
303
00:15:37,551 --> 00:15:40,551
THE SUN CAN HAVE QUITE A TEMPER
304
00:15:40,551 --> 00:15:44,551
AND CAN TURN INTO
A REAL POTENTIAL FOE.
305
00:15:44,551 --> 00:15:48,137
Friedman:
STRANGE AS IT MAY SEEM,
306
00:15:48,137 --> 00:15:49,517
THERE'S A LOT WE DON'T KNOW
307
00:15:49,517 --> 00:15:51,413
ABOUT THAT BIG ORANGE BALL
UP THERE.
308
00:15:54,034 --> 00:15:55,965
Narrator:
HUMANITY'S KNOWLEDGE OF PHYSICS
309
00:15:55,965 --> 00:15:58,275
COMFORTS US
WHEN FACING THE UNKNOWN.
310
00:15:58,275 --> 00:15:59,862
BUT IN DEEP SPACE,
311
00:15:59,862 --> 00:16:03,931
SOMETHING APPEARS TO BE PLAYING
BY A DIFFERENT SET OF RULES.
312
00:16:03,931 --> 00:16:05,724
Capps: WE'RE CONSTANTLY
DISCOVERING THINGS
313
00:16:05,724 --> 00:16:07,344
THAT DON'T FIT
ANY OF THE THEORIES,
314
00:16:07,344 --> 00:16:08,724
AND THEN WE COME UP
WITH NEW THEORIES.
315
00:16:08,724 --> 00:16:11,413
WHAT'S GOING ON?
WE DON'T KNOW.
316
00:16:20,931 --> 00:16:24,206
Narrator: A BRIGHT OBJECTS
ENTERS EARTH'S ORBIT.
317
00:16:24,206 --> 00:16:25,310
HOLY COW!
318
00:16:25,310 --> 00:16:27,931
THIS IS THE MOST ODD THING
WE'VE EVER SEEN.
319
00:16:27,931 --> 00:16:30,758
Narrator: OFFICIAL EXPLANATIONS
DON'T ADD UP.
320
00:16:30,758 --> 00:16:34,379
THEN EXPERTS BEGIN TO THINK
THE UNTHINKABLE...
321
00:16:34,379 --> 00:16:36,517
COULD THIS BE
AN EXTRATERRESTRIAL PROBE
322
00:16:36,517 --> 00:16:38,241
WITHIN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM?
323
00:16:38,241 --> 00:16:40,551
Narrator: ...COULD WE BE LOOKING
AT SOMETHING
324
00:16:40,551 --> 00:16:42,068
THAT'S ALSO LOOKING BACK AT US?
325
00:16:49,103 --> 00:16:51,620
โช WE ON THE EDGE โช
326
00:16:51,620 --> 00:16:53,724
โช OF MASS DESTRUCTION โช
327
00:16:53,724 --> 00:16:57,793
Narrator:
EL CENTRO, CALIFORNIA --
328
00:16:57,793 --> 00:17:01,275
AMATEUR ASTRONOMER BILL YEUNG
329
00:17:01,275 --> 00:17:04,034
IS ONE OF A SELECT GROUP
OF STARGAZERS
330
00:17:04,034 --> 00:17:05,965
WITH A VERY IMPORTANT TASK.
331
00:17:05,965 --> 00:17:09,620
BILL YEUNG IS
AN ARIZONA-BASED ASTRONOMER
332
00:17:09,620 --> 00:17:11,620
WHO'S TAKEN IT AS HIS MISSION
333
00:17:11,620 --> 00:17:14,482
TO WATCH OUT
FOR NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS
334
00:17:14,482 --> 00:17:16,896
THAT COULD POSE A DANGER TO US.
335
00:17:16,896 --> 00:17:20,482
Narrator: IN SEPTEMBER 2002,
336
00:17:20,482 --> 00:17:24,275
YEUNG SPOTS A BRIGHT OBJECT
IN ORBIT AROUND THE EARTH,
337
00:17:24,275 --> 00:17:28,103
WHICH SETS OFF ALARMS.
338
00:17:28,103 --> 00:17:31,620
THIS OBJECT BECAME VERY APPARENT
AS SOMETHING UNUSUAL,
339
00:17:31,620 --> 00:17:33,689
PRIMARILY BECAUSE OF ITS MOTION.
340
00:17:33,689 --> 00:17:36,931
IT WAS MOVING VERY FAST
AND MOVING IN A VELOCITY
341
00:17:36,931 --> 00:17:39,413
THAT'S VERY MUCH LIKE
THE VELOCITY OF THE EARTH.
342
00:17:39,413 --> 00:17:42,310
IT'S TOO BIG TO BE A SPANNER
DROPPED BY AN ASTRONAUT.
343
00:17:42,310 --> 00:17:45,241
IT'S TOO BIG TO BE A SATELLITE.
SO, WHAT IS IT?
344
00:17:45,241 --> 00:17:49,965
Narrator: THE MYSTERIOUS OBJECT
IS MORE THAN 60 FEET ACROSS
345
00:17:49,965 --> 00:17:52,586
AND ORBITING CLOSE TO THE EARTH.
346
00:17:52,586 --> 00:17:56,551
YEUNG IMMEDIATELY REPORTS
THE SIGHTING TO THE AUTHORITIES.
347
00:17:56,551 --> 00:17:59,551
THE FIRST THOUGHT IS,
"THIS IS AN ASTEROID."
348
00:17:59,551 --> 00:18:03,758
Narrator: NASA TAKES THE THREAT
OF AN ASTEROID IMPACT
349
00:18:03,758 --> 00:18:06,724
VERY SERIOUSLY.
350
00:18:06,724 --> 00:18:09,172
Friedman:
ASTEROIDS ARE KIND OF IMPORTANT
351
00:18:09,172 --> 00:18:11,551
BECAUSE THEY MIGHT OCCASIONALLY
352
00:18:11,551 --> 00:18:14,206
BEAT THE HECK OUT
OF THE SURFACE OF THE PLANET.
353
00:18:16,655 --> 00:18:19,931
Binzel: ASTEROIDS ARE TRAVELING
AT ABOUT 30 MILES PER SECOND.
354
00:18:19,931 --> 00:18:22,137
THAT'S AN INCREDIBLE VELOCITY.
355
00:18:22,137 --> 00:18:24,793
AND WHEN YOU HAVE AN OBJECT
THAT HAS MASS,
356
00:18:24,793 --> 00:18:26,655
THAT'S A LOT OF KINETIC ENERGY.
357
00:18:28,482 --> 00:18:30,655
IT'S PROBABLY
WHAT DID IN THE DINOSAURS.
358
00:18:33,862 --> 00:18:36,103
[ ROARING ]
359
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:41,379
Narrator: BUT ASTEROID J002E3
360
00:18:41,379 --> 00:18:45,689
ISN'T BEHAVING
LIKE AN ASTEROID AT ALL.
361
00:18:45,689 --> 00:18:49,724
MOST ASTEROIDS TRACE
A REGULAR ORBIT AROUND THE SUN
362
00:18:49,724 --> 00:18:53,068
WITHIN THE BELT
BETWEEN MARS AND JUPITER,
363
00:18:53,068 --> 00:18:55,793
BUT THIS MYSTERIOUS OBJECT
DOESN'T DO THAT.
364
00:18:55,793 --> 00:18:58,275
Pope: THIS THING
GOES AROUND THE EARTH,
365
00:18:58,275 --> 00:18:59,517
THEN IT SHOOTS OFF.
366
00:18:59,517 --> 00:19:01,206
IT GOES SEVERAL TIMES
AROUND THE SUN.
367
00:19:01,206 --> 00:19:02,482
IT COMES BACK.
368
00:19:02,482 --> 00:19:05,379
Narrator: CONCERNED,
NASA's JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
369
00:19:05,379 --> 00:19:07,896
JOINS OTHER SCIENTISTS
IN THE INVESTIGATION.
370
00:19:07,896 --> 00:19:09,448
Binzel:
THE FIRST QUESTION WE ASKED --
371
00:19:09,448 --> 00:19:11,620
IS IT REAL AS A NATURAL OBJECT,
372
00:19:11,620 --> 00:19:13,620
OR IS IT SOMETHING DIFFERENT,
373
00:19:13,620 --> 00:19:16,275
SOMETHING THAT
WE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND?
374
00:19:16,275 --> 00:19:19,413
Narrator: THEY DIRECT THE
INFRARED TELESCOPE IN HAWAII
375
00:19:19,413 --> 00:19:23,551
TOWARDS THE OBJECT
FOR A CLOSER LOOK.
376
00:19:23,551 --> 00:19:27,103
AS THE FIRST SET OF DATA
CAME THROUGH THE PIPELINE,
377
00:19:27,103 --> 00:19:29,448
WE TOOK ONE LOOK AT IT...
378
00:19:29,448 --> 00:19:31,068
AND I WAS LIKE, "HOLY COW!"
379
00:19:33,241 --> 00:19:35,793
THIS IS THE MOST ODD THING
WE'VE EVER SEEN.
380
00:19:37,793 --> 00:19:43,344
AND WE PULLED UP THE SPECTRUM,
AND IT WAS FULL OF PAINT.
381
00:19:43,344 --> 00:19:47,206
Narrator:
THE EXOTIC ANOMALY HAS A COATING
382
00:19:47,206 --> 00:19:50,655
WITH THE SAME CHEMICAL SIGNATURE
AS INDUSTRIAL PAINT.
383
00:19:50,655 --> 00:19:53,310
Binzel: THIS OBJECT
WAS NO NATURAL ASTEROID.
384
00:19:53,310 --> 00:19:55,793
IT WAS UNLIKE ANYTHING
WE'D EVERY SEEN BEFORE.
385
00:19:55,793 --> 00:19:59,413
IT'S PAINT.
THIS CAN'T BE AN ASTEROID.
386
00:19:59,413 --> 00:20:03,413
Narrator: NO KNOWN NATURAL
OBJECT IS COVERED IN PAINT,
387
00:20:03,413 --> 00:20:07,034
BUT WHEN NASA CHECKS
IF ANY MAN-MADE SATELLITES
388
00:20:07,034 --> 00:20:08,896
ARE STATIONED
IN THAT AREA OF SPACE,
389
00:20:08,896 --> 00:20:14,758
THEY DRAW A BLANK,
RAISING AN ALARMING POSSIBILITY.
390
00:20:14,758 --> 00:20:17,586
WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT IT,
WE USE SPY SATELLITES,
391
00:20:17,586 --> 00:20:20,172
AND HERE'S THIS OBJECT
ORBITING THE EARTH.
392
00:20:20,172 --> 00:20:24,000
WHY WOULDN'T AN ALIEN CULTURE
USE SPY SATELLITES?
393
00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:25,758
[ BEEPING ]
394
00:20:25,758 --> 00:20:29,206
Narrator: NASA's JIM OBERG
DOESN'T BUY THAT THEORY.
395
00:20:29,206 --> 00:20:31,517
HE SUPPORTS
FURTHER INVESTIGATION
396
00:20:31,517 --> 00:20:33,000
OF THE PAINT EVIDENCE.
397
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:35,137
THE PAINT IS THE CLUE.
THE PAINT IS THE PROOF.
398
00:20:35,137 --> 00:20:37,724
Narrator:
DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE DATA
399
00:20:37,724 --> 00:20:40,827
REVEALS THE ENTIRE SURFACE
OF THIS 60-FOOT OBJECT
400
00:20:40,827 --> 00:20:43,758
IS COVERED IN TITANIUM DIOXIDE,
401
00:20:43,758 --> 00:20:46,896
A COMPOUND
THAT MAKES PAINT WHITE...
402
00:20:48,103 --> 00:20:50,241
...THE COLOR OF NASA HARDWARE.
403
00:20:51,172 --> 00:20:54,137
MAN: 3...2...1...0.
404
00:20:54,137 --> 00:20:56,034
All engines running.
405
00:20:56,034 --> 00:20:58,655
Narrator: BUT IF THIS IS
A PART OF A ROCKET,
406
00:20:58,655 --> 00:21:01,586
IT'S IN A VERY STRANGE PLACE.
407
00:21:01,586 --> 00:21:03,275
THE QUESTION IS,
HOW DID IT GET THERE?
408
00:21:03,275 --> 00:21:05,137
Narrator: NASA CONNECTS THE DOTS
409
00:21:05,137 --> 00:21:08,413
AND COMES UP
WITH A PLAUSIBLE EXPLANATION.
410
00:21:08,413 --> 00:21:09,793
BASED ON THE ORBIT
411
00:21:09,793 --> 00:21:12,310
AND BASED ON THE FACT THIS
OBJECT IS COVERED IN PAINT,
412
00:21:12,310 --> 00:21:15,517
WE ARE ABLE
TO CALCULATE BACKWARD
413
00:21:15,517 --> 00:21:18,275
AND DETERMINE
THAT THIS OBJECT...
414
00:21:24,275 --> 00:21:27,758
...IS THE THIRD STAGE
OF THE SATURN V ROCKET
415
00:21:27,758 --> 00:21:33,034
THAT CARRIED ASTRONAUTS CONRAD,
BEAN, AND GORDON TO THE MOON
416
00:21:33,034 --> 00:21:34,413
ON APOLLO 12.
417
00:21:35,551 --> 00:21:38,965
Narrator: ASTRONAUT ALAN BEAN
REMEMBERS WHAT IT WAS LIKE
418
00:21:38,965 --> 00:21:40,586
TO RIDE ON THAT SATURN V.
419
00:21:40,586 --> 00:21:44,034
I'VE BEEN A LOT OF VEHICLES
ON EARTH,
420
00:21:44,034 --> 00:21:45,758
IN AIRPLANES AND ALL THAT.
421
00:21:45,758 --> 00:21:48,862
I FELT NOTHING THAT HAD
THE VIBRATION AND SHAKING
422
00:21:48,862 --> 00:21:50,965
THAT THE SATURN V HAD.
423
00:21:54,965 --> 00:21:58,344
THERE'S 7.5 MILLION POUNDS
OF THRUST GOING ON DOWN THERE,
424
00:21:58,344 --> 00:22:00,758
AND WHEN IT'S GOING,
425
00:22:00,758 --> 00:22:03,103
THAT'S THE BIGGEST,
MOST POWERFUL ENGINE
426
00:22:03,103 --> 00:22:04,310
EVER BUILT ON EARTH.
427
00:22:06,793 --> 00:22:08,310
Narrator: NASA CONCLUDES
428
00:22:08,310 --> 00:22:11,344
THAT THE OLD ROCKET BOOSTER
JETTISONED EN ROUTE TO THE MOON
429
00:22:11,344 --> 00:22:14,724
SOMEHOW FOUND ITS WAY BACK
INTO EARTH'S ORBIT.
430
00:22:14,724 --> 00:22:18,689
THEY JUST FLOAT AWAY,
BUT YOU DON'T WORRY ABOUT IT.
431
00:22:18,689 --> 00:22:22,137
Narrator: NASA CLOSES THE CASE.
432
00:22:22,137 --> 00:22:26,620
BUT FOR SOME,
THE THEORY SEEMS TOO CONVENIENT.
433
00:22:26,620 --> 00:22:29,758
THE FACT IS, WE DON'T KNOW
WHAT THIS THING IS.
434
00:22:29,758 --> 00:22:32,206
TO THIS DAY,
IT REMAINS A MYSTERY.
435
00:22:35,206 --> 00:22:36,586
Narrator: COMING UP NEXT...
436
00:22:37,689 --> 00:22:41,206
...DID JOYRIDING ALIENS
TEAR UP THE RED PLANET?
437
00:22:41,206 --> 00:22:43,241
LOOKS LIKE
SOMEONE DID WHEELIES ON MARS.
438
00:22:52,482 --> 00:22:54,482
Narrator: AN UNMANNED PROBE
439
00:22:54,482 --> 00:22:58,241
BEAMS BACK SOME OF
THE VERY FIRST IMAGES OF MARS...
440
00:22:58,241 --> 00:23:00,241
WE HAD TO BE THERE.
WE HAD TO GO THERE.
441
00:23:00,241 --> 00:23:02,931
Narrator: ...BUT UNEXPECTED
TRACKS RAISE FEARS
442
00:23:02,931 --> 00:23:06,344
THAT WE MAY NOT BE
THE FIRST EXPLORERS.
443
00:23:06,344 --> 00:23:09,172
COULD THEY BE ANIMALS
OR VEHICLES PERHAPS
444
00:23:09,172 --> 00:23:11,310
OR SOME OTHER PHENOMENON?
445
00:23:11,310 --> 00:23:13,310
Friedman:
IT WOULDN'T SURPRISE ME AT ALL
446
00:23:13,310 --> 00:23:15,827
IF THERE WERE TRACKS
FROM PREVIOUS VISITORS ON MARS.
447
00:23:20,793 --> 00:23:23,965
Narrator: NOVEMBER 1971 --
448
00:23:23,965 --> 00:23:27,724
AFTER ITS 5 1/2-MONTH VOYAGE
TO MARS,
449
00:23:27,724 --> 00:23:32,206
UNMANNED PROBE MARINER 9 IS
HEADING STRAIGHT INTO A STORM.
450
00:23:32,206 --> 00:23:34,448
THERE WERE NO SURFACE FEATURES.
IT WAS JUST BLANK.
451
00:23:34,448 --> 00:23:36,344
[ THUNDER CRASHES ]
452
00:23:36,344 --> 00:23:39,310
Narrator: THE PLANET-WIDE DUST
STORM RAGES FOR TWO MONTHS
453
00:23:39,310 --> 00:23:42,482
BEFORE MARINER 9
BEGINS BEAMING BACK IMAGES
454
00:23:42,482 --> 00:23:45,172
OF THE MARTIAN SURFACE TO EARTH.
455
00:23:50,034 --> 00:23:51,862
Schultz: AS THE DUST CLEARED,
456
00:23:51,862 --> 00:23:54,379
IT WAS KIND OF LIKE
THIS BIG REVEAL.
457
00:23:54,379 --> 00:23:57,172
HERE WAS THIS PLANET
EMERGING FROM BELOW
458
00:23:57,172 --> 00:24:00,275
WITH COMPLEXITIES AND FEATURES
THAT WE JUST HAD HINTS AT.
459
00:24:00,275 --> 00:24:03,586
Narrator: AMONG THE FIRST
CRYSTAL-CLEAR IMAGES
460
00:24:03,586 --> 00:24:06,551
OF GIANT VOLCANOES
AND SPRAWLING CANYONS,
461
00:24:06,551 --> 00:24:10,689
THE PROBE PICKS UP
SOMETHING ELSE.
462
00:24:10,689 --> 00:24:12,310
[ INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS ]
463
00:24:12,310 --> 00:24:15,000
Dr. Treiman: MANY OF THE IMAGES
SHOWED DARK TRACKS,
464
00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:18,275
MANY, MANY TRACKS --
PARALLEL,
465
00:24:18,275 --> 00:24:20,379
SOME OF THEM WITH LOOPS
AND WIGGLES IN THEM.
466
00:24:20,379 --> 00:24:23,310
AND THERE WAS A QUESTION --
WHAT ARE THESE TRACKS?
467
00:24:23,310 --> 00:24:25,827
THESE TRACKS ARE VERY BIZARRE
468
00:24:25,827 --> 00:24:27,379
BECAUSE THEY GO UP
AND OVER RELIEF,
469
00:24:27,379 --> 00:24:28,551
DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU ARE.
470
00:24:28,551 --> 00:24:30,965
THEY'RE STRANGE,
BUT THEY'RE ACTUALLY BIG.
471
00:24:30,965 --> 00:24:33,137
MAYBE YOU THINK IT'S AN ANIMAL
OR A VEHICLE.
472
00:24:33,137 --> 00:24:35,000
IS THAT WHAT CAUSED THE TRACKS?
473
00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:36,689
Schultz:
IT JUST DOESN'T LOOK RIGHT.
474
00:24:36,689 --> 00:24:38,655
IT LOOKS LIKE SOMEONE DID
WHEELIES ON MARS.
475
00:24:38,655 --> 00:24:41,655
Narrator: VIKING 1
IS STILL FIVE YEARS AWAY
476
00:24:41,655 --> 00:24:43,965
FROM TOUCHING DOWN
ON THE MARTIAN SURFACE.
477
00:24:47,137 --> 00:24:50,586
WHATEVER LEFT
THESE MYSTERIOUS TRACKS
478
00:24:50,586 --> 00:24:52,689
DIDN'T COME FROM EARTH.
479
00:24:52,689 --> 00:24:56,448
MARTIAN TRACKS ARE ANOTHER AREA
THAT WE NEED TO INVESTIGATE,
480
00:24:56,448 --> 00:24:58,034
BUT IT'S NOT EASY TO DO.
481
00:24:58,034 --> 00:25:00,000
YOU GOT TO BE
UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL,
482
00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:03,379
SO TO SPEAK, WITH THEM
TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THEM.
483
00:25:03,379 --> 00:25:06,517
Narrator:
SEARCHING FOR EXPLANATIONS,
484
00:25:06,517 --> 00:25:10,586
GEOLOGISTS LOOK AT OTHER
FEATURES OF MARS' SURFACE,
485
00:25:10,586 --> 00:25:15,620
BUT THE WEIRD TRACKS' APPEARANCE
GENERATES THE MOST BUZZ.
486
00:25:15,620 --> 00:25:18,896
ONE OF THE IMPORTANT CLUES
TO THE ORIGIN OF THE TRACKS
487
00:25:18,896 --> 00:25:20,793
WAS THAT THEY JUST START
AND STOP.
488
00:25:20,793 --> 00:25:22,896
SOME OF THEM
JUST START OUT OF NOWHERE.
489
00:25:22,896 --> 00:25:26,206
OTHERS END IN A CIRCLE
OR A CURLICUE.
490
00:25:26,206 --> 00:25:29,310
Narrator: THE CIRCULAR ENDING
TO SOME OF THE TRACKS
491
00:25:29,310 --> 00:25:31,517
SUGGESTS SOMETHING
EXTRAORDINARY.
492
00:25:31,517 --> 00:25:34,965
ONE POSSIBILITY FOR THESE TRACKS
IS DUST DEVILS.
493
00:25:34,965 --> 00:25:37,862
Narrator: DUST DEVILS
ARE SMALL, SWIRLING COLUMNS
494
00:25:37,862 --> 00:25:39,379
FORMED BY RISING HOT AIR.
495
00:25:39,379 --> 00:25:43,379
ON EARTH, THEY CAN FORM
IN DESERT LANDSCAPES.
496
00:25:43,379 --> 00:25:47,310
ORBITERS TAKE PICTURES OF
THE AREAS WHERE THE TRACKS FORM,
497
00:25:47,310 --> 00:25:51,000
SEARCHING FOR SIMILAR PHENOMENA
ON THE MARTIAN SURFACE.
498
00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:54,103
THE IMAGES THAT COME BACK
499
00:25:54,103 --> 00:25:57,068
SEND SHOCKWAVES THROUGH
THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY --
500
00:25:57,068 --> 00:26:00,379
IMPOSSIBLY HIGH DUST DEVILS.
501
00:26:00,379 --> 00:26:02,172
Schultz:
SOME OF THESE DUST DEVILS
502
00:26:02,172 --> 00:26:04,655
GOT UP TO ALTITUDES OF,
SAY, THREE MILES.
503
00:26:04,655 --> 00:26:06,448
THEY'RE ENORMOUS.
504
00:26:06,448 --> 00:26:08,758
SOME OF THEM GET AS HIGH
AS MOUNT EVEREST,
505
00:26:08,758 --> 00:26:10,758
AND SO THEY DEVELOP
THIS INSTABILITY
506
00:26:10,758 --> 00:26:12,103
AND THEY JUST KEEP ON MOVING.
507
00:26:12,103 --> 00:26:15,206
Dr. Treiman:
THERE ARE ACTUALLY MOVIES TAKEN
508
00:26:15,206 --> 00:26:17,275
BY THE MARS EXPLORATION ROVERS
509
00:26:17,275 --> 00:26:18,793
OF DUST DEVILS GOING BY,
510
00:26:18,793 --> 00:26:21,620
AND YOU CAN SEE
IN SUCCESSIVE FRAMES
511
00:26:21,620 --> 00:26:25,413
THE COLUMN OF DUST MOVING
ACROSS THE FIELD OF VIEW.
512
00:26:25,413 --> 00:26:29,379
Narrator:
FOR NOW, SCIENTISTS ACKNOWLEDGE
513
00:26:29,379 --> 00:26:33,689
THAT THE DUST-DEVIL EXPLANATION
REMAINS JUST A THEORY.
514
00:26:36,275 --> 00:26:38,275
Schultz:
WELL, WE HAVE GOOD HYPOTHESES,
515
00:26:38,275 --> 00:26:40,413
GOOD THEORIES ON HOW
THESE FEATURES ARE FORMED,
516
00:26:40,413 --> 00:26:41,620
BUT A LOT OF THIS
517
00:26:41,620 --> 00:26:43,379
IS BASED ON WHAT WE UNDERSTAND
FOR THE EARTH.
518
00:26:43,379 --> 00:26:44,896
BUT WE DON'T KNOW FOR SURE.
519
00:26:44,896 --> 00:26:47,137
WE'VE ONLY BEEN
TO COUPLE OF PLACES,
520
00:26:47,137 --> 00:26:50,620
SO MARS IS JUST ONE MYSTERIOUS
PLACE AFTER ANOTHER.
521
00:26:54,655 --> 00:26:58,206
Narrator:
IN THE QUEST TO UNRAVEL
THE MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE,
522
00:26:58,206 --> 00:27:01,862
THE ONLY TOOLS WE CAN TRUST
ARE THE LAWS OF PHYSICS.
523
00:27:04,137 --> 00:27:08,241
BUT WHEN A SCIENTIST GAZES
INTO THE ABYSS OF DEEP SPACE...
524
00:27:08,241 --> 00:27:13,172
TAKING RISKS
IS PART OF MAKING DISCOVERY.
525
00:27:13,172 --> 00:27:16,000
Narrator: ...HE DETECTS
THOUSANDS OF OBJECTS
526
00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:18,310
TRAVELING AT IMPOSSIBLE SPEEDS.
527
00:27:18,310 --> 00:27:20,724
SOMETHING OUT THERE IS DEFYING
528
00:27:20,724 --> 00:27:23,724
THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS
OF THE UNIVERSE.
529
00:27:28,448 --> 00:27:31,103
DECEMBER 1995...
530
00:27:31,103 --> 00:27:32,586
[ BEEP ]
531
00:27:32,586 --> 00:27:35,137
...THE HUBBLE TELESCOPE.
532
00:27:35,137 --> 00:27:37,000
PROFESSOR BOB WILLIAMS POINTS
533
00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:39,517
THE MOST EXPENSIVE TELESCOPE
EVER MADE
534
00:27:39,517 --> 00:27:41,551
AT A COMPLETELY EMPTY
PATCH OF SKY
535
00:27:41,551 --> 00:27:43,758
JUST TO SEE WHAT'S OUT THERE.
536
00:27:43,758 --> 00:27:45,137
THERE WERE NO BRIGHT STARS.
537
00:27:45,137 --> 00:27:47,620
THERE WERE NO KNOWN RADIO
SOURCES, X-RAY SOURCES,
538
00:27:47,620 --> 00:27:52,206
AND JUST TRIED TO PICK OUT
A RANDOM AREA OF THE SKY
539
00:27:52,206 --> 00:27:54,551
THAT WE KNEW NOTHING ABOUT.
540
00:27:54,551 --> 00:27:57,034
Narrator:
THE FIRST HUBBLE IMAGES
541
00:27:57,034 --> 00:27:59,482
WERE COMPLETELY ORDINARY.
542
00:27:59,482 --> 00:28:03,896
THEY APPEARED TO SHOW GALAXIES.
543
00:28:03,896 --> 00:28:06,931
Williams: IT WASN'T UNTIL
WE ADDED THEM ALL UP
544
00:28:06,931 --> 00:28:10,448
THAT IT WAS APPARENT
545
00:28:10,448 --> 00:28:13,620
THAT THERE WERE 2,500 GALAXIES,
546
00:28:13,620 --> 00:28:16,344
MOST OF THEM REALLY FAINT.
547
00:28:16,344 --> 00:28:20,896
Narrator: AND THOSE GALAXIES
WERE MOVING VERY FAST.
548
00:28:20,896 --> 00:28:25,172
THEY SEEM TO GOING AWAY FROM US
FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF LIGHT.
549
00:28:25,172 --> 00:28:28,827
Narrator: BUT NOTHING TRAVELS
FASTER THAN LIGHT.
550
00:28:28,827 --> 00:28:32,034
YOU JUST CAN'T SEND PHYSICAL
OBJECTS OR EVEN INFORMATION
551
00:28:32,034 --> 00:28:33,862
FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF LIGHT.
552
00:28:37,862 --> 00:28:41,827
THE SPEED OF LIGHT
IS THE ULTIMATE SPEED LIMIT.
553
00:28:41,827 --> 00:28:46,793
Narrator: EVERYTHING IN NATURE
IS BASED ON THIS SIMPLE FACT.
554
00:28:46,793 --> 00:28:50,137
IF SOMETHING VIOLATES
THIS CONSTANT SPEED...
555
00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:56,379
...THE LAWS OF PHYSICS
BREAK DOWN.
556
00:28:59,586 --> 00:29:01,862
SOMETHING WAS SOMEHOW VIOLATING
557
00:29:01,862 --> 00:29:05,551
ONE OF THE UNIVERSE'S
MOST FUNDAMENTAL LAWS.
558
00:29:09,206 --> 00:29:11,241
Capps: YOU HAVE TO BE OPEN
TO THE POSSIBILITY
559
00:29:11,241 --> 00:29:13,448
THAT THE THEORIES WE KNOW,
PHYSICS,
560
00:29:13,448 --> 00:29:15,241
WE MIGHT BE MISSING SOMETHING.
561
00:29:15,241 --> 00:29:18,379
WAS EINSTEIN RIGHT,
OR IS HE MAYBE SLIGHTLY WRONG?
562
00:29:18,379 --> 00:29:21,862
OR IS THERE SOME WAY TO BEAT
EINSTEIN BY WARPING SPACE?
563
00:29:21,862 --> 00:29:25,793
Narrator: WHAT IF THE OBJECTS
BOB WILLIAMS SAW
564
00:29:25,793 --> 00:29:27,862
WEREN'T GALAXIES AT ALL?
565
00:29:27,862 --> 00:29:29,827
WHAT IF THEY WERE ARTIFACTS
566
00:29:29,827 --> 00:29:32,655
HURTLING THROUGH
INTERSTELLAR SPACE?
567
00:29:36,344 --> 00:29:40,034
IF A CRAFT COULD DISTORT SPACE
USING A WARP DRIVE,
568
00:29:40,034 --> 00:29:42,931
IT COULD TRAVERSE THE COSMOS
IN HOURS
569
00:29:42,931 --> 00:29:45,068
RATHER THAN BILLIONS OF YEARS.
570
00:29:47,517 --> 00:29:51,448
IT WOULD SHRINK THE SPACE
IN FRONT OF THE SPACECRAFT
571
00:29:51,448 --> 00:29:53,137
AND DILATE IT BEHIND,
572
00:29:53,137 --> 00:29:54,862
SO IT WOULD LOOK LIKE
573
00:29:54,862 --> 00:29:59,448
THE SPACECRAFT WOULD RIDE A WAVE
TOWARDS THE DESTINATION STAR
574
00:29:59,448 --> 00:30:00,655
FASTER THAN LIGHT.
575
00:30:00,655 --> 00:30:03,517
Narrator: THE SIGNATURE
OF SUCH A WARP DRIVE
576
00:30:03,517 --> 00:30:06,724
COULD LOOK VERY SIMILAR TO
THE LIGHT GIVEN OFF BY A GALAXY
577
00:30:06,724 --> 00:30:09,862
THAT APPEARS TO BE MOVING FASTER
THAN THE SPEED OF LIGHT,
578
00:30:09,862 --> 00:30:11,172
BUT WARP TECHNOLOGY
579
00:30:11,172 --> 00:30:14,137
IS WELL BEYOND HUMANITY'S
CURRENT CAPABILITIES.
580
00:30:20,103 --> 00:30:23,344
Shostak:
THERE HAVE BEEN PROBABLY
PLENTY OF OTHER CIVILIZATIONS
581
00:30:23,344 --> 00:30:24,724
WHO'VE ALREADY FIGURED THAT OUT,
582
00:30:24,724 --> 00:30:26,620
AND THERE COULD BE,
YOU KNOW, ALL SORTS OF,
583
00:30:26,620 --> 00:30:28,793
I DON'T KNOW,
INTERSTELLAR COMMERCE GOING ON
584
00:30:28,793 --> 00:30:32,172
WITH CIVILIZATIONS
WHO KNOW ABOUT THIS.
585
00:30:32,172 --> 00:30:35,620
Narrator:
BUT THE IDEA OF WARP DRIVES
586
00:30:35,620 --> 00:30:38,862
IS TOO INCREDIBLE
TO BOB WILLIAMS.
587
00:30:38,862 --> 00:30:42,758
Williams: ONE COULD SAY
ABOUT THE FAINT OBJECTS,
588
00:30:42,758 --> 00:30:43,931
"WHAT YOU ACTUALLY SEE THERE
589
00:30:43,931 --> 00:30:45,655
ARE WITCHES RIDING AROUND
ON BROOMSTICKS."
590
00:30:45,655 --> 00:30:47,551
I CAN'T DISPROVE THAT.
591
00:30:47,551 --> 00:30:49,034
SO, FINE.
592
00:30:49,034 --> 00:30:51,000
YOU CHOOSE NOT TO BELIEVE
THAT THEY'RE GALAXIES?
593
00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:53,034
GREAT. WHAT IS YOUR EVIDENCE?
594
00:30:53,034 --> 00:30:55,862
Narrator:
IF THESE REALLY ARE GALAXIES,
595
00:30:55,862 --> 00:30:59,034
THE EXPLANATION
FOR THEIR EXTRAORDINARY SPEED
596
00:30:59,034 --> 00:31:02,034
COULD BE EVEN WEIRDER
THAN A WARP DRIVE.
597
00:31:02,034 --> 00:31:05,793
SPACE IS BENDY.
598
00:31:08,103 --> 00:31:10,620
EINSTEIN SHOWED
WITH GENERAL RELATIVITY
599
00:31:10,620 --> 00:31:12,206
THAT SPACE HAS A FABRIC --
600
00:31:12,206 --> 00:31:13,517
IT WILL STRETCH, IT WILL WARP,
601
00:31:13,517 --> 00:31:15,068
IT WILL DEFORM,
IT WILL COMPRESS.
602
00:31:15,068 --> 00:31:17,965
Narrator:
ACCORDING TO EINSTEIN'S THEORY,
603
00:31:17,965 --> 00:31:20,137
ANYTHING OBSERVED
FROM A MOVING OBJECT
604
00:31:20,137 --> 00:31:24,137
APPEARS TO BE TRAVELING FASTER
THAN IT ACTUALLY IS...
605
00:31:24,137 --> 00:31:27,655
LIKE WHEN THE TRAIN YOU'RE ON
PULLS OUT OF A STATION
606
00:31:27,655 --> 00:31:29,551
AND THE PLATFORM
SEEMS TO BE MOVING
607
00:31:29,551 --> 00:31:31,551
INSTEAD OF THE TRAIN.
608
00:31:31,551 --> 00:31:35,655
ON TOP OF THAT,
SPACE-TIME ITSELF IS EXPANDING.
609
00:31:37,034 --> 00:31:40,034
SO, AS THE TRAINS SPEED AWAY
FROM ONE ANOTHER,
610
00:31:40,034 --> 00:31:44,517
THE VERY TRACK THEY ARE ON
IS STRETCHING BETWEEN THEM.
611
00:31:44,517 --> 00:31:46,482
THE POINTS WILL MOVE AWAY
612
00:31:46,482 --> 00:31:49,689
WITHOUT HAVING TO
REALLY TRAVEL ANYWHERE.
613
00:31:49,689 --> 00:31:51,172
SO, IT WOULD LOOK LIKE
614
00:31:51,172 --> 00:31:54,068
THE DISTANCE IS INCREASING
AT A VERY HIGH RATE.
615
00:31:54,068 --> 00:31:56,551
AND THERE IS ABSOLUTELY NO LIMIT
616
00:31:56,551 --> 00:31:59,724
ON HOW FAST YOU CAN STRETCH
SPACE-TIME.
617
00:31:59,724 --> 00:32:01,551
Narrator: IF THIS IS TRUE,
618
00:32:01,551 --> 00:32:05,448
THEN THESE GALAXIES ONLY APPEAR
TO DEFY THE LAWS OF PHYSICS
619
00:32:05,448 --> 00:32:09,620
BECAUSE THE SPACE BETWEEN THEM
IS EXPANDING.
620
00:32:09,620 --> 00:32:12,000
BUT THAT ONLY PARTIALLY EXPLAINS
621
00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:15,965
THE INCREDIBLE SPEED
OF SOME OF THESE GALAXIES.
622
00:32:15,965 --> 00:32:19,172
WE'RE CONSTANTLY STUDYING THINGS
THAT MAKE NO SENSE,
623
00:32:19,172 --> 00:32:20,793
THAT DON'T FIT
ANY OF THE RULES WE HAVE,
624
00:32:20,793 --> 00:32:21,931
DON'T FIT ANY OF THE THEORIES,
625
00:32:21,931 --> 00:32:23,413
AND THEN WE COME UP
WITH NEW THEORIES.
626
00:32:32,034 --> 00:32:33,827
Narrator: COMING UP...
627
00:32:33,827 --> 00:32:36,034
STALKING THE SHUTTLE...
628
00:32:36,034 --> 00:32:39,000
NORMALLY, AN OBJECT
WOULDN'T CHANGE DIRECTION
629
00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:41,413
UNLESS IT WAS
UNDER INTELLIGENT CONTROL.
630
00:32:41,413 --> 00:32:42,862
Narrator:
...AND A RADICAL NEW THEORY
631
00:32:42,862 --> 00:32:45,931
THAT IS TRULY OUT OF THIS WORLD.
632
00:32:45,931 --> 00:32:48,034
THE UNIVERSE COULD BE
FULL OF THE SEEDS OF LIFE.
633
00:32:56,758 --> 00:32:58,758
Narrator: IN EARTH ORBIT,
634
00:32:58,758 --> 00:33:02,068
SPACE SHUTTLE DISCOVERY'S
ONBOARD CAMERAS
635
00:33:02,068 --> 00:33:04,172
CAPTURE SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY.
636
00:33:04,172 --> 00:33:07,655
THEY'D NEVER SEEN
ANYTHING LIKE THIS BEFORE.
637
00:33:07,655 --> 00:33:11,862
Friedman: DEBRIS BEHAVING
IN A PECULIAR WAY LIKE THIS
638
00:33:11,862 --> 00:33:13,689
DOESN'T MAKE ANY SENSE.
639
00:33:13,689 --> 00:33:16,344
IT CAN'T BE NATURAL.
IT MUST BE ARTIFICIAL.
640
00:33:21,965 --> 00:33:23,620
Narrator: 2 1/2 YEARS
641
00:33:23,620 --> 00:33:27,241
AFTER THE COLUMBIASHUTTLE
DISINTEGRATES ON RE-ENTRY,
642
00:33:27,241 --> 00:33:31,310
NASA SENDS SPACE SHUTTLE
DISCOVERYINTO ORBIT.
643
00:33:35,310 --> 00:33:40,413
THE PLAN IS TO DOCK WITH
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
644
00:33:40,413 --> 00:33:43,034
AND RESUPPLY
THE TWO PEOPLE ON BOARD,
645
00:33:43,034 --> 00:33:48,137
BUT THE MISSION'S PRIME FOCUS
IS SAFETY.
646
00:33:48,137 --> 00:33:51,517
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE'RE
GONNA BREAK OUT RIGHT AWAY
647
00:33:51,517 --> 00:33:53,068
IS GONNA BE THE CAMERAS.
648
00:33:53,068 --> 00:33:56,724
Narrator: WITHIN MINUTES,
NASA FINDS UNNERVING EVIDENCE
649
00:33:56,724 --> 00:34:00,034
OF DAMAGE TO THE SHUTTLE'S
THERMAL SHIELDING.
650
00:34:00,034 --> 00:34:05,137
FOR DISCOVERY'SSEVEN CREW,
THIS IS A NIGHTMARE SCENARIO.
651
00:34:07,862 --> 00:34:10,034
NASA's EXPERTS REALIZE
652
00:34:10,034 --> 00:34:12,551
THAT A SMALL SECTION
OF THE HEAT SHIELD
653
00:34:12,551 --> 00:34:14,413
BECAME DEFORMED DURING LAUNCH.
654
00:34:14,413 --> 00:34:16,655
IF SOMETHING ISN'T DONE,
655
00:34:16,655 --> 00:34:20,482
IT COULD CATASTROPHICALLY
ENDANGER THE SHUTTLE'S RE-ENTRY.
656
00:34:23,206 --> 00:34:26,172
Man: GO FOR THE DEPRESSURIZATION
OF THE AIR LOCK.
657
00:34:26,172 --> 00:34:28,482
ROBINSON:
Copy that, Houston.
658
00:34:28,482 --> 00:34:30,310
Narrator:
FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER,
659
00:34:30,310 --> 00:34:34,896
ASTRONAUTS ATTEMPT TO REPAIR
THE UNDERBELLY OF THE SHUTTLE.
660
00:34:34,896 --> 00:34:38,827
WITH HIS FEET CLAMPED TO
THE SPACE STATION'S GRAPPLE ARM,
661
00:34:38,827 --> 00:34:42,206
MISSION SPECIALIST
STEVE ROBINSON RISKS HIS LIFE
662
00:34:42,206 --> 00:34:45,551
TO ENSURE THAT HIS CREW
WILL GET HOME SAFELY.
663
00:34:50,103 --> 00:34:52,586
VETERAN ASTRONAUT LEROY CHIAO
664
00:34:52,586 --> 00:34:56,172
KNOWS EXACTLY
HOW THE SPACEWALKER FEELS.
665
00:34:56,172 --> 00:34:59,655
YOU'RE KIND OF IN THIS
BATTLE MODE, IF YOU WILL.
666
00:34:59,655 --> 00:35:02,724
YOU HAVE A VERY HEIGHTENED SENSE
OF AWARENESS.
667
00:35:02,724 --> 00:35:04,965
IF YOU SOMEHOW BECOME
DISCONNECTED FROM THE STATION,
668
00:35:04,965 --> 00:35:06,379
WELL, YOU'RE JUST
GONNA FLOAT AWAY,
669
00:35:06,379 --> 00:35:08,172
AND IT'S PRETTY MUCH OVER
FOR YOU.
670
00:35:08,172 --> 00:35:09,689
Here we go.
671
00:35:10,862 --> 00:35:13,793
THE STAKES
HAVE NEVER BEEN HIGHER,
672
00:35:13,793 --> 00:35:16,620
BUT STEVE ROBINSON
KEEPS HIS COOL.
673
00:35:16,620 --> 00:35:19,448
Discovery,Houston.
Everyone is extremely happy.
674
00:35:19,448 --> 00:35:20,965
You're go to wrap it up,
675
00:35:20,965 --> 00:35:22,931
and we'll prep
for the next step.
676
00:35:22,931 --> 00:35:25,310
Okay. Will do that.
677
00:35:25,310 --> 00:35:28,862
Narrator: ROBINSON'S REPAIR
APPEARS TO BE A SUCCESS,
678
00:35:28,862 --> 00:35:31,172
BUT AS THE SHUTTLE
PREPARES FOR RE-ENTRY,
679
00:35:31,172 --> 00:35:33,344
ONE OF ITS CAMERAS CAPTURE
680
00:35:33,344 --> 00:35:36,206
A STRANGE OBJECT
SWEEPING THE AREA,
681
00:35:36,206 --> 00:35:40,965
AND THE WORLD BEGINS TO WONDER
IF THE ASTRONAUTS ARE SAFE.
682
00:35:43,551 --> 00:35:44,931
Dr. Birnes: WHAT THEY SAW
683
00:35:44,931 --> 00:35:47,103
HAS BEEN DESCRIBED
AS "THE BOOMERANG" --
684
00:35:47,103 --> 00:35:50,137
AN OBJECT HEADING
IN ONE DIRECTION
685
00:35:50,137 --> 00:35:54,137
AND CHANGING DIRECTION
AND HEADING AWAY.
686
00:35:54,137 --> 00:35:58,137
Narrator: THE BOOMERANG'S COURSE
CHANGE LOOKS SO DELIBERATE
687
00:35:58,137 --> 00:36:02,275
SOME OBSERVERS SPECULATE
THE SHUTTLE IS BEING STALKED.
688
00:36:02,275 --> 00:36:04,310
Pope: WHAT'S GOING ON HERE?
689
00:36:04,310 --> 00:36:07,275
NORMALLY, AN OBJECT
WOULDN'T CHANGE DIRECTION
690
00:36:07,275 --> 00:36:10,344
UNLESS IT WAS
UNDER INTELLIGENT CONTROL.
691
00:36:13,206 --> 00:36:17,103
Narrator:
ALTHOUGH NASA HASN'T RELEASED
AN OFFICIAL EXPLANATION,
692
00:36:17,103 --> 00:36:19,793
A SEPARATE SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATION CONCLUDES
693
00:36:19,793 --> 00:36:21,586
THE BOOMERANG IS SPACE DEBRIS
694
00:36:21,586 --> 00:36:27,655
WHOSE TRAJECTORY IS INFLUENCED
BY DRAG FROM EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE.
695
00:36:27,655 --> 00:36:31,275
BUT NOT EVERYONE AGREES.
696
00:36:31,275 --> 00:36:34,896
DEBRIS BEHAVING
IN A PECULIAR WAY LIKE THIS
697
00:36:34,896 --> 00:36:36,862
DOESN'T MAKE ANY SENSE.
698
00:36:36,862 --> 00:36:39,896
AND YET, WHEN YOU STOP TO THINK
ABOUT IT,
699
00:36:39,896 --> 00:36:43,241
IF THIS IS AN INTELLIGENTLY
CONTROLLED VEHICLE,
700
00:36:43,241 --> 00:36:46,000
THAT'S A VERY BIG STORY INDEED.
701
00:36:47,931 --> 00:36:51,137
Narrator: SUCH A BIG STORY
THAT THE BOOMERANG FOOTAGE
702
00:36:51,137 --> 00:36:54,103
BECOMES
A SOCIAL-MEDIA PHENOMENON.
703
00:36:54,103 --> 00:36:56,206
OVER 100,000 PEOPLE
704
00:36:56,206 --> 00:36:59,586
WATCH ITS DISTURBING SWITCHBACK
THROUGH SPACE.
705
00:36:59,586 --> 00:37:02,655
IF THE BOOMERANG
EVER COMES BACK,
706
00:37:02,655 --> 00:37:05,724
THE WORLD WILL BE WAITING.
707
00:37:10,310 --> 00:37:14,758
POP CULTURE DEPICTS E.T.
WITH A SPACESHIP,
708
00:37:14,758 --> 00:37:16,827
BUT SOME SCIENTISTS BELIEVE
709
00:37:16,827 --> 00:37:20,206
WE SHOULD BE LOOKING
CLOSER TO HOME FOR ALIEN LIFE.
710
00:37:20,206 --> 00:37:22,310
LIFE HERE BEGAN OUT THERE.
711
00:37:22,310 --> 00:37:24,344
Narrator: ARE WETHE ALIENS?
712
00:37:34,482 --> 00:37:37,931
Narrator: WE HAVE ALWAYS LOOKED
TO THE SKIES TO FIND ALIENS,
713
00:37:37,931 --> 00:37:43,000
SEARCHING THE COSMOS
FOR THE TELLTALE SIGNS OF LIFE,
714
00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:45,000
BUT NOW A RADICAL NEW IDEA
715
00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:48,068
IS INFECTING
THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY.
716
00:37:48,068 --> 00:37:50,310
OUR ORIGINAL CONCEPTION
OF LIFE IS
717
00:37:50,310 --> 00:37:52,827
THAT IT MUST HAVE STARTED
HERE ON EARTH,
718
00:37:52,827 --> 00:37:55,655
BUT WE DON'T KNOW
THAT THAT'S THE CASE.
719
00:37:55,655 --> 00:37:58,206
Narrator: WHAT IF WE'RE NOT
EARTH LIFE AT ALL?
720
00:37:58,206 --> 00:38:01,965
WHAT IF WE'RE INVADERS
FROM ANOTHER WORLD?
721
00:38:01,965 --> 00:38:04,689
WHAT IF WEARE THE ALIENS?
722
00:38:11,206 --> 00:38:14,862
EARTH 3.8 BILLION YEARS AGO,
723
00:38:14,862 --> 00:38:18,344
A RAGING, MOLTEN INFERNO
724
00:38:18,344 --> 00:38:21,103
UNDER CONSTANT
METEORITE BOMBARDMENT.
725
00:38:22,896 --> 00:38:26,310
NO PLACE FOR LIFE.
726
00:38:26,310 --> 00:38:30,034
BUT WHAT IF THIS RAIN
OF ROCK AND FIRE
727
00:38:30,034 --> 00:38:32,034
ALSO BROUGHT LIFE TO OUR WORLD?
728
00:38:32,034 --> 00:38:34,517
WHAT IF A ROCK
FROM AN ALIEN WORLD
729
00:38:34,517 --> 00:38:37,689
ARRIVED CARRYING ALIEN CARGO...
730
00:38:39,620 --> 00:38:41,448
...US.
731
00:38:41,448 --> 00:38:44,103
A THEORY KNOWN AS "PANSPERMIA."
732
00:38:44,103 --> 00:38:47,586
PANSPERMIA IS THE NOTION THAT
LIFE HERE BEGAN OUT THERE...
733
00:38:49,793 --> 00:38:53,862
...THAT A PLANET WITH AN ACTIVE
ECOSYSTEM CAN HAVE AN IMPACT...
734
00:38:57,379 --> 00:38:58,689
...AND THAT IMPACT
735
00:38:58,689 --> 00:39:03,137
CAN KNOCK MATERIAL
WITH BIOLOGY ABOARD INTO SPACE.
736
00:39:03,137 --> 00:39:07,000
SOME FORMS OF LIFE
ARE SUFFICIENTLY ROBUST
737
00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:09,000
THAT THEY CAN ACTUALLY SURVIVE
THAT IMPACT...
738
00:39:10,689 --> 00:39:14,413
....AND THEN, IF YOU LIKE,
POLLUTE THAT PLANET.
739
00:39:21,758 --> 00:39:25,931
Narrator: MAYBE WEARE ALIENS
FROM OUTER SPACE.
740
00:39:25,931 --> 00:39:29,103
SOUNDS CRAZY.
SOUNDS LIKE SCIENCE FICTION.
741
00:39:29,103 --> 00:39:32,000
EXCEPT WE HAVE SEEN
THERE'S METEORITES
742
00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:35,103
THAT HAVE LANDED ON EARTH
THAT CONTAIN AMINO ACIDS --
743
00:39:35,103 --> 00:39:37,137
THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE.
744
00:39:37,137 --> 00:39:41,482
Narrator: IF LIFE DID SPRING
FROM AN EXTRATERRESTRIAL ROCK,
745
00:39:41,482 --> 00:39:44,310
WHERE DIDTHAT ROCK COME FROM?
746
00:39:44,310 --> 00:39:46,586
SCIENTISTS
MAY NOT HAVE TO LOOK FAR
747
00:39:46,586 --> 00:39:49,275
TO FIND A PLACE
THAT COULD HAVE SPAWNED LIFE
748
00:39:49,275 --> 00:39:51,310
WHEN THE EARTH WAS YOUNG.
749
00:39:54,206 --> 00:39:58,793
IN 2003, THE HUBBLE TELESCOPE
TOOK A CLOSER LOOK
750
00:39:58,793 --> 00:40:02,620
AT THE LARGEST OBJECT
IN THE ASTEROID BELT...
751
00:40:05,965 --> 00:40:07,758
...CERES,
752
00:40:07,758 --> 00:40:10,620
A MINI PLANET
AMONG THE ROCKS AND DEBRIS.
753
00:40:10,620 --> 00:40:13,172
Dr. Reid:
CERES IS THE LARGEST ASTEROID.
754
00:40:13,172 --> 00:40:15,482
HUBBLE'S BEEN STUDYING IT
FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS,
755
00:40:15,482 --> 00:40:17,344
TRYING TO UNDERSTAND
ITS COMPOSITION,
756
00:40:17,344 --> 00:40:20,034
TRYING TO UNDERSTAND
WHAT THE SOLAR SYSTEM WAS LIKE
757
00:40:20,034 --> 00:40:21,448
DURING ITS EARLIEST YEARS.
758
00:40:21,448 --> 00:40:23,137
Narrator: BUT CERES IS MORE
759
00:40:23,137 --> 00:40:25,551
THAN JUST A LUMP
OF ASTEROIDAL ROCK.
760
00:40:25,551 --> 00:40:27,344
WHAT'S REALLY EXCITING
ABOUT CERES
761
00:40:27,344 --> 00:40:28,551
IS THAT IT'S SPHERICAL
762
00:40:28,551 --> 00:40:30,827
AND THE FACT THAT
IT SEEMS TO BE COATED IN ICE.
763
00:40:30,827 --> 00:40:33,517
Narrator:
BUT THE DATA ALSO REVEALS
764
00:40:33,517 --> 00:40:36,482
THAT CERES IS WARMER
THAN EXPECTED.
765
00:40:36,482 --> 00:40:40,241
Garvie:
THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON CERES
IS ACTUALLY FAIRLY WARM.
766
00:40:40,241 --> 00:40:41,793
IT'S ONLY AROUND
MINUS-30 CENTIGRADE,
767
00:40:41,793 --> 00:40:43,000
AND THAT'S AT A TEMPERATURE
768
00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:44,965
WHERE WE COULD ACTUALLY GET
AN ENVIRONMENT
769
00:40:44,965 --> 00:40:47,551
THAT COULD BE CONDUCIVE
TO SOME LIFE-FORMS.
770
00:40:47,551 --> 00:40:50,275
Narrator:
SO WHILE EARTH WAS STILL BURNING
771
00:40:50,275 --> 00:40:53,068
3.8 BILLION YEARS AGO,
772
00:40:53,068 --> 00:40:56,896
CERES COULD HAVE BEEN
A SAFE HAVEN FOR LIFE.
773
00:40:56,896 --> 00:41:01,103
THAT DOESN'T EXPLAIN
HOW LIFE ARRIVED ON EARTH,
774
00:41:01,103 --> 00:41:06,551
BUT A GIANT WHITE SPOT
ON CERES' SURFACE OFFERS A CLUE.
775
00:41:08,620 --> 00:41:12,655
THE SPOT IS AS LARGE AS INDIANA.
776
00:41:13,551 --> 00:41:18,344
ASTRONOMERS SUSPECT THAT IT'S
ACTUALLY A GIANT CHUNK OF CERES
777
00:41:18,344 --> 00:41:21,896
WHICH HAS BEEN RIPPED AWAY...
778
00:41:21,896 --> 00:41:24,758
THE RESULT
OF A CATACLYSMIC IMPACT
779
00:41:24,758 --> 00:41:26,931
4 BILLION YEARS AGO.
780
00:41:33,068 --> 00:41:34,379
WHAT IF A CHUNK OF CERES
781
00:41:34,379 --> 00:41:36,482
WAS RIPPED
FROM THE ASTEROID'S SURFACE
782
00:41:36,482 --> 00:41:38,448
AND HURLED TOWARDS THE EARTH,
783
00:41:38,448 --> 00:41:41,689
INFESTING IT WITH ALIEN LIFE?
784
00:41:41,689 --> 00:41:44,896
WHAT IF IT EMBEDDED ITSELF
DEEP INTO THE BEDROCK...
785
00:41:47,310 --> 00:41:50,620
...COLONIZING OUR VIRGIN WORLD?
786
00:41:50,620 --> 00:41:54,827
NASA TAKES THE IDEA
OF LIFE SURVIVING IN SPACE
787
00:41:54,827 --> 00:41:57,620
VERY SERIOUSLY.
788
00:41:57,620 --> 00:42:03,344
IN 1984, THE AGENCY LAUNCHED
12.5 MILLION SEEDS INTO ORBIT.
789
00:42:03,344 --> 00:42:06,586
THE SEEDS
SPENT SIX YEARS IN SPACE
790
00:42:06,586 --> 00:42:09,758
ON BOARD THE LONG DURATION
EXPOSURE FACILITY
791
00:42:09,758 --> 00:42:12,758
BEFORE THEY WERE BROUGHT BACK
TO EARTH.
792
00:42:12,758 --> 00:42:14,206
THEY BROUGHT THEM BACK DOWN
793
00:42:14,206 --> 00:42:16,172
AND DISTRIBUTED THEM
ALL OVER THE UNITED STATES
794
00:42:16,172 --> 00:42:17,413
TO PLANT AND SEE IF THEY GREW.
795
00:42:17,413 --> 00:42:19,586
AND SURE THEY DID.
796
00:42:19,586 --> 00:42:22,034
Narrator: IF A TERRESTRIAL SEED
797
00:42:22,034 --> 00:42:25,034
CAN SURVIVE
A VOYAGE THROUGH SPACE,
798
00:42:25,034 --> 00:42:29,000
SO COULD THE SEEDS OF LIFE
BILLIONS OF YEARS AGO.
799
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:32,896
Dr. McKay: WE DON'T REALLY KNOW
WHERE LIFE STARTED OR HOW.
800
00:42:32,896 --> 00:42:35,689
THE UNIVERSE COULD BE FULL
OF THE SEEDS OF LIFE,
801
00:42:35,689 --> 00:42:38,206
AND A PLANET LIKE EARTH
GETS THOSE SEEDS FROM OUTSIDE.
802
00:42:43,206 --> 00:42:45,551
Narrator: NASA's SEARCH FOR LIFE
803
00:42:45,551 --> 00:42:49,724
HAS TAKEN US TO FAR-FLUNG WORLDS
WITH ALIEN ENVIRONMENTS,
804
00:42:49,724 --> 00:42:54,206
REVEALED MYSTERIOUS PHENOMENA
THAT DEFY OUR PHYSICAL LAWS,
805
00:42:54,206 --> 00:42:58,206
AND TESTED ASTRONAUTS
WITH UNIMAGINED DANGER.
806
00:42:58,206 --> 00:43:02,000
NASA's FILES
REVEAL STRANGE NEW HORIZONS,
807
00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:06,172
WEIRD ENCOUNTERS,
AND MIND-BLOWING FORCES.
808
00:43:06,172 --> 00:43:10,689
STILL, MANY OF THESE ANOMALIES
REMAIN UNEXPLAINED.
63658
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