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Gorky Television
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This is Central Russia.
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There's no other earth as black
or as lush and vivid on Earth.
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Although known as
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"a harsh and severe land",
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it is also called
"the land of great possibilities".
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For this reason,
our occupations and thoughts
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have much to do with this land.
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THE MOST MUNDANE OCCUPATIONS
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This is the Gorky region,
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one of the most important
in Central Russia.
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In recent years, agriculture has
developped considerably here.
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The grain harvests are plentiful
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and there are new zootechnical complexes
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whose numbers are constantly growing.
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Ample collective farms
were established recently
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in the surrounding areas of
Gorky, Dzerzhinsk and Kstovo.
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A recent government decree
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for the Russian Soviet
Federative Socialist Republic
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announces a considerable increase
in the agrarian production,
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notably in qualitative terms.
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A complex government plan
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seeks the development of the material
and technical bases of the local agriculture,
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improvements in the management of
natural resources,
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and the rationalization of all means
necessary to achieve these goals.
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In order to face the needs of the Gorky farmers,
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the government has pledged them
2 billion rubles along the next 5 years.
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Yevgeni Romanovitch Repnikov
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director of the main food company in Gorky,
Tresta-Milevod-Stroy,
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supervises the construction of a water reservoir.
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The farmers' concerns will be addressed
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by the director of the Dzerzhinski sovkhoz,
Yuri Stepanovitch Kniaziev.
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At the Novolekeyevski sovkhoz,
another interview.
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We'll bring together labour heroes
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from the brigade of Anna Ivanovna Kondratieva.
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Our foremost interest in the interviews
was to highlight and review
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the most pressing problems
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the government is dedicated to resolve.
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These interviews constitute the
core of our film.
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Some of the farms can only be sown
with the support of machines.
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It's too exhaustive to do it with our bare hands.
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The manual proccess requires the worker
to water the farms by hand,
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while with the machines,
irrigation is mechanized.
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The cucumber harvest is the most exhausting.
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When the cucumbers are harvested,
one has to bend down.
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Sometimes it seems that
your back will break.
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The most labour intensive sector
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is the horticulture.
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Nowadays the levels of mechanization
have increased.
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The sowing machine.
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For weeding and fertilizing,
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these machines can deploy chemical products.
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Even with all these improvements,
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horticulture is still a very labour intensive activity.
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And if sometimes the uninvited snow covers the ground,
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even threading through the fields becomes difficult.
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AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
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The most recent technological innovations
are presented at the farming fair.
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Something new for the farmers,
a weeding tractor.
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It has room for four persons.
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This machine was projected
for the first weeding.
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This tool is then operated
by each of the farmers.
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In spite of all innovations,
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no harvesting machines have been produced
for the horticulture yet.
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All the more pressing thus
is the need to solve the problems
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linked with the mechanization of the
harvesting process.
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Low levels of application of
the new technologies
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impose a high demand for supplementary labour
even from within the big cities.
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Further specialization of the material
and technical bases for farming development,
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especially of those related to the horticulture,
is crucial for solving the problems.
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00:06:52,520 --> 00:06:57,720
Long gone are the days of the 1976 drought,
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when the labourers who came from the city
had to carry water to the fields in their own cars.
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Just as they helped then, they're helping now
in the harvest of vegetables.
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Two years passed and today there
are no more irrigation problems.
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Now all crops are irrigated automatically.
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Each irrigated hectare provides the guarantee
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of an ever more abundant harvest.
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Before, we used to water the fields manually,
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we used tubes laid by men and women across the fields.
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With a full-time irrigation system
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we managed to irrigate everything.
This year, however, there's no water.
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The equipment is working,
but there's no water.
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No reason to worry.
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The Kudma river has plenty of water to offer.
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In the Gorky region there is no shortage of water resources.
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The Volga, the Oka, the Vetluga...
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Nine thousand rivers, canals and springs
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along a total of 32,000 km.
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Around 3,000 lakes, water reservoirs
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and subterranean springs
that have just begun to be explored.
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The exploitation process of the volumous Kudma river
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conveys an appreciation of the Gorky region
in all its complexity.
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The flood-lands along the Kudma river,
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if well exploited, are very fertile.
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The irrigation systems along the Kudma
have been built 30 years ago,
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but they have deteriorated due to
deficient exploitation.
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In 1971 the construction works have started
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for the first irrigation system
supplied by the Kudma river.
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The first plan had an estimated coverage
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of 1,500 ha of arable land.
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Sure. In order to irrigate such a vast land,
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much more water will be needed.
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And for that reason, not even
the whole Kudma would be enough.
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That's why a project was devised
to flood its marginal lands
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and to construct the
Lakshansk water reservoir.
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Here we are, comrades, at the
construction site of the Lakchansk reservoir.
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This reservoir's function
is to store water
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to compensate for the scarce
water volume of the Kudma river
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for the period when irrigation water is most needed.
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The construction began in 1971
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and it will be finished this year.
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In the area to our right we can see
all that will be flooded
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of the Lakshya and Polta rivers,
each one providing half the total volume.
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This reservoir's capacity will reach
9 million cubic meters of water.
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00:11:07,720 --> 00:11:11,680
Right now we are building the
main portion of the dam.
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It will be 1.2km long
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and it will reach 13m on its highest point.
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It will resist pressures equivalent
to a 11.5m column of water.
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A secondary construction project is planned,
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it will provide water for the less irrigated terrains,
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connecting them with the primary system and
extending the coverage to a further 5,000ha.
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On the other hand, we must build new roads,
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because you cannot harvest vegetables
without transporting them.
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As a result, it will be possible to establish
sovkhozy dedicated to vegetable farming
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and build houses for the workers
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involved in the manifold construction
projects along the Kudma river.
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With the improvements in these 5,000ha,
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all the problems related to the provision
of vegetables in the city of Gorky will be solved.
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This system is especially efficient because
everything will be produced in the region
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and the main result is that vegetables
won't have to be shipped in
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from distant producing regions.
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Coming from the Bogorodsk settlement,
workers specialized in mobile mechanization
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are building for the Lakchansky sovkhoz
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an irrigation system for another 120ha of arable land.
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Another 2,000ha have been irrigated
and are ready to be cultivated.
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In the present situation,
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a rational management of irrigation systems
is crucial to enhance agricultural production.
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For that reason, improvement specialists are required.
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They have designed and installed the Fregat irrigation system,
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but it was only their latest achievement.
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There's still a lot to be done.
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The agricultural plan for this region
of the RSFSR has been approved.
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The plan includes goals that
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both in developmental and organizational terms,
for the food factories in the Gorky region,
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are perhaps hard to achieve.
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But we are equipping ourselves for this task.
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Orienting ourselves towards more
ambitious goals might help to assess
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whether we are ready to face the
challenges we will have to face ahead.
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Many problems have been an obstacle to our work.
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There are not enough industrial resources.
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We have no pre-fabricated materials, such as iron or cement,
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there are no factories producing them.
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If they were available, it would be easier
to advance in our construction works.
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We have neither big companies
to provide the necessary materials
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nor an organized transport system
to support our work.
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I'll give an example.
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On the Kudma river We have built
a lock based on the same system.
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It took us two years.
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If the project had incorporated and
provided for pre-fabricated elements,
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that would have been brought in
from an external industrial plant
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- in this specific case,
from any big cement factory -
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it wouldn't have taken us two years,
but only one.
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The difficulties on the path of improvement
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are objective and evident.
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But we can overcome them.
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The State will provide the technical instruments
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and in due time we will surpass the difficulties.
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The government decree is
quite reassuring by clearly stating:
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"We demand the Ministry of Hydric Resources
of the Soviet Union
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and the Ministers Council of the
Russian Republic
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to give particular attention to the development
of water management plants,
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to the accomplishment of the
necessary construction works
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and adequate housing for the workers,
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as well as making the means available for the
cement factories and construction companies involved."
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We must make sure that our improvement efforts
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won't interfere with the complexities of the ecosystem.
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And we must manage efficiently the available means.
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The specialized agriculture is the most profitable.
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Let's take the Dzerzhinski sovkhoz as an example.
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It is specialized in the
greenhouse cultivation of vegetables,
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supplying onions to the city throughout the year.
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Tomatoes are grown from April to October.
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The first cucumbers can already be harvested
right after New Year's Eve.
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They are still costly, but they'll get
much cheaper in the future.
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This structure is very efficient,
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but also here there are
still many difficulties.
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In order to build this agro-industrial complex,
with its 46,000 square meters,
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we have spent 3.6 million rubles.
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That ammount was necessary to build
only the basic structure,
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that is, the offices and the greenhouse,
not including the equipment.
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During this period, we have
done a lot to improve
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the general working conditions.
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In order to further cut the costs
of the vegetables we produce,
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we still have to increase the production.
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So that we won't waste the resources of our farm,
as well as our invaluable human resources,
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we must take further the mechanization process.
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00:19:18,920 --> 00:19:22,960
We have set our goals to improve working conditions.
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First: to mechanize irrigation.
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A worker needs 2 to 3 hours
to water the plants manually,
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which means 30% of the working hours.
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It's simply too much.
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Then we have mechanized ploughing.
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In the beginning, when we
first established this farm,
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we used to till the soil with spades.
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We had to request help from the city,
cause we couldn't handle it on our own.
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Then our designers developped
an electric plough.
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A great invention that is still being used today.
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We can plough the whole farm with it.
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Our farm is quite profitable,
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but we are not the direct beneficiaries
of these earnings.
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00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:28,040
And the funds that are invested
in further development of the farm
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00:20:28,160 --> 00:20:32,000
are scarce in relation to our ambitions.
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00:20:32,120 --> 00:20:35,440
They cannot cover all the necessary investments.
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00:20:35,560 --> 00:20:39,520
We shall expand the basic structure,
build houses for the workers,
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00:20:39,640 --> 00:20:43,040
but we must take into account
our limited funds.
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00:20:43,160 --> 00:20:46,640
At the Dzerzhinski sovkhoz,
many things are still needed.
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00:20:46,760 --> 00:20:54,360
New technologies, further mechanization,
new funds, more space.
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00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:08,960
All this is needed to develop
the agricultural system.
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We have the means for this development
and we will grow further.
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00:21:16,520 --> 00:21:20,880
At the Dzerzhinski sovkhoz, new equipment
and new greenhouses are being built.
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It's important to put in practice
the already gathered experience.
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We have mechanized part of the work.
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The Moskovsky sovkhoz,
in the Moscow region,
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is completely mechanized.
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Temperature is automatically regulated,
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as well as humidity levels.
227
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Also supplies of water and fertilizers
are automatically controlled.
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00:22:03,920 --> 00:22:09,280
Here we have opted to mechanize first
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the temperature control,
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which is automatically regulated
within the greenhouses.
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So many ideas, so many thoughts,
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00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:23,760
so many proposals arise regarding the new decree.
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We have only regarded some of them.
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Lush and vivid Central Russia.
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This black soil needs all the warmth
and care human hands can provide.
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People care about the future of this land.
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00:22:58,440 --> 00:23:01,840
And for this reason they face
the problems in all earnestness.
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Upon their efforts depends the future of this land.
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Faith in change!
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Script: V. Ternovoy
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Director: A. Sokurov
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Camera: A. Barishkov
243
00:24:41,320 --> 00:24:43,320
Subtitles:
bastelik
21766
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