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WWW.MY-SUBS.CO
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In the jungles
of Central America,
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00:00:03,583 --> 00:00:07,292
the Maya people thrived
for more than 2,000 years.
3
00:00:07,458 --> 00:00:11,583
The Mayans were very,
very sophisticated.
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00:00:11,792 --> 00:00:14,792
They built huge pyramid cities.
5
00:00:15,875 --> 00:00:20,167
They created the only writing
system in all of the Americas.
6
00:00:20,333 --> 00:00:25,125
The Maya possessed knowledge
that defies explanation.
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00:00:25,250 --> 00:00:29,042
How did they understand
the long, vast orbits
8
00:00:29,208 --> 00:00:33,875
of the Earth
through the Milky Way galaxy?
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00:00:34,042 --> 00:00:35,292
And new evidence has revealed
10
00:00:35,458 --> 00:00:38,167
a civilization
more extraordinary
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00:00:38,375 --> 00:00:41,250
and more ancient
than we ever imagined.
12
00:00:41,417 --> 00:00:46,500
We have discovered
a lost chapter of human history.
13
00:00:46,667 --> 00:00:49,667
But could the Maya's
greatest secret
14
00:00:49,833 --> 00:00:54,333
involve contact with visitors
from beyond Earth?
15
00:00:54,500 --> 00:00:58,000
The early Maya themselves
said we were taught by
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00:00:58,208 --> 00:01:00,167
extraterrestrial beings.
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00:01:02,333 --> 00:01:04,542
There is a doorway
18
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in the universe.
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Beyond it is
the promise of truth.
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It demands
we question everything
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we have ever been taught.
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The evidence is all around us.
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The future is
right before our eyes.
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We are not alone.
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00:01:26,917 --> 00:01:30,375
We have never been alone.
26
00:01:50,417 --> 00:01:54,250
Throughout Central America
stand the ruins of the Maya,
27
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considered by many to be
the greatest civilization
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00:01:58,000 --> 00:01:59,958
in the history of the Americas.
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00:02:00,167 --> 00:02:03,833
While archaeologists
and historians have been
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00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:07,375
studying this ancient culture
for over four centuries,
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there are still many questions
left to answer
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00:02:10,875 --> 00:02:13,458
since much of the Maya's history
is still hidden
33
00:02:13,625 --> 00:02:17,750
within the jungles
of Mexico and Guatemala.
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00:02:19,375 --> 00:02:22,000
The roots of the Maya
are very obscure,
35
00:02:22,167 --> 00:02:24,542
but traditional
Maya scholarship says
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00:02:24,708 --> 00:02:26,833
that historically you have
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00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:29,625
the more primitive
pre-Classical Maya
38
00:02:29,708 --> 00:02:31,833
and then you've got
the Classical Maya,
39
00:02:32,042 --> 00:02:33,500
who are more advanced.
40
00:02:33,708 --> 00:02:35,375
For centuries,
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00:02:35,542 --> 00:02:38,708
scholars considered the height
of the Maya civilization
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00:02:38,833 --> 00:02:40,375
to be during the Classic era,
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00:02:40,542 --> 00:02:44,833
between roughly 250 and 900 AD.
44
00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:47,667
Before this was
the pre-Classic era,
45
00:02:47,875 --> 00:02:50,292
that began around 2000 BC
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00:02:50,417 --> 00:02:54,167
and was believed to be
made up of nomadic people
47
00:02:54,250 --> 00:02:56,417
who lived in simple dwellings.
48
00:02:56,583 --> 00:03:00,000
There was a thinking
that the Classic period
49
00:03:00,167 --> 00:03:02,292
was really where
they started building cities.
50
00:03:02,500 --> 00:03:05,667
But then in the '60s and '70s,
51
00:03:05,875 --> 00:03:07,917
as we got deeper
into the jungle,
52
00:03:08,042 --> 00:03:10,208
we realized
there were older cities
53
00:03:10,375 --> 00:03:12,625
that were as big,
and in some cases, bigger
54
00:03:12,792 --> 00:03:14,667
than the Classic ones.
55
00:03:17,667 --> 00:03:20,333
Today, archaeologists believe
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00:03:20,542 --> 00:03:23,583
that the Maya built cities
throughout Central America
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00:03:23,750 --> 00:03:28,667
and thrived as a civilization
for more than 2,000 years.
58
00:03:29,708 --> 00:03:32,500
They were responsible
for some of the most impressive
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00:03:32,708 --> 00:03:35,917
architecture in the entire
North American continent,
60
00:03:36,083 --> 00:03:39,833
and this is just one of
their many accomplishments.
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00:03:40,958 --> 00:03:45,167
The Maya really stand out
among ancient civilizations
62
00:03:45,292 --> 00:03:48,167
in terms of their achievements.
63
00:03:48,375 --> 00:03:50,167
They created
the only writing system
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00:03:50,292 --> 00:03:51,792
we know in all of the Americas.
65
00:03:51,875 --> 00:03:55,917
And through that writing system,
they were able to conduct
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00:03:56,083 --> 00:03:59,417
very scientific investigations,
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00:03:59,583 --> 00:04:03,792
and they became masters
of mathematics and astronomy.
68
00:04:05,167 --> 00:04:09,125
The Maya were arguably
the ancient world's
69
00:04:09,292 --> 00:04:12,792
best astronomers,
even excelling the Greeks.
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00:04:13,875 --> 00:04:15,042
Many of the Maya sites
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00:04:15,208 --> 00:04:18,333
all through the Yucatán,
Guatemala, Belize,
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00:04:18,500 --> 00:04:22,333
and throughout Mexico are
kind of astronomically aligned.
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00:04:22,458 --> 00:04:24,000
Now, they even have
observatories
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00:04:24,208 --> 00:04:25,542
as parts of the site,
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00:04:25,708 --> 00:04:28,458
the most famous being,
really, at Palenque
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00:04:28,583 --> 00:04:30,167
and at Chichén Itzá,
for instance,
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00:04:30,333 --> 00:04:31,875
where they have literally places
78
00:04:32,042 --> 00:04:34,333
where they would
observe the stars.
79
00:04:34,458 --> 00:04:36,667
Why the Maya were so preoccupied
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00:04:36,833 --> 00:04:39,667
with tracking the stars
remains a mystery.
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00:04:39,833 --> 00:04:42,833
But scholars agree
that they possessed
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00:04:43,042 --> 00:04:46,333
a remarkably advanced
understanding of astronomy,
83
00:04:46,500 --> 00:04:48,292
which is perhaps most evident
84
00:04:48,417 --> 00:04:50,292
within their
highly sophisticated
85
00:04:50,458 --> 00:04:53,250
and complex calendar system.
86
00:04:59,167 --> 00:05:02,833
Librarian Ernst Förstemann
uses his extensive knowledge
87
00:05:02,958 --> 00:05:06,333
of mathematics to decipher
the dots and symbols
88
00:05:06,542 --> 00:05:11,250
of a 12th-century Maya text
known as the Dresden Codex.
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00:05:12,167 --> 00:05:13,625
In doing so,
90
00:05:13,792 --> 00:05:16,917
he unlocks the secrets
of the Maya calendar.
91
00:05:18,083 --> 00:05:20,917
The Maya have
what's widely understood
92
00:05:21,083 --> 00:05:24,583
as the most sophisticated
ancient calendar ever made.
93
00:05:24,708 --> 00:05:27,000
It involves
so many different cycles.
94
00:05:27,208 --> 00:05:29,792
It's so sophisticated, in fact,
95
00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:33,500
that early scholars thought
that the Maya were,
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00:05:33,708 --> 00:05:36,708
as they called,
esoteric time worshipers.
97
00:05:36,917 --> 00:05:41,542
The Maya are very interested
in the cycles of life.
98
00:05:41,750 --> 00:05:44,750
So a lot of their calendars
were created
99
00:05:44,875 --> 00:05:49,792
to track those cycles and look
for harmonies between cycles
100
00:05:49,958 --> 00:05:52,917
to better harmonize themselves
with the natural world.
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00:05:53,917 --> 00:05:56,375
The long count calendar
of the Maya
102
00:05:56,542 --> 00:06:00,792
lasted for 5,125 years.
103
00:06:02,375 --> 00:06:07,750
It was backdated to have begun
in 3114 BC,
104
00:06:07,917 --> 00:06:10,708
which meant
that it actually ended
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00:06:10,875 --> 00:06:14,208
on December 21, 2012.
106
00:06:14,375 --> 00:06:16,833
And many of us will remember
how it was believed
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00:06:17,042 --> 00:06:20,333
that there was gonna be
a time of great transformation,
108
00:06:20,500 --> 00:06:23,042
possibly the end of the world.
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00:06:23,208 --> 00:06:25,333
In 2012,
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00:06:25,542 --> 00:06:26,750
over a thousand years
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00:06:26,917 --> 00:06:29,667
after the fall
of the Maya civilization,
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00:06:29,833 --> 00:06:33,583
their calendar became known
to people all around the world.
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00:06:34,917 --> 00:06:37,833
Many believed that
the final date on the calendar
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00:06:38,042 --> 00:06:41,833
was intended to mark
an apocalyptic event.
115
00:06:41,958 --> 00:06:46,917
The idea that the Maya predicted
the end of the world was really
116
00:06:47,083 --> 00:06:51,500
just a Western misunderstanding
of how their calendar works
117
00:06:51,708 --> 00:06:54,375
and what they were using
their calendar for.
118
00:06:54,500 --> 00:06:58,500
Westerners see time as a line,
119
00:06:58,667 --> 00:07:02,500
it goes back into the past
and forward into the future,
120
00:07:02,667 --> 00:07:04,375
and we're the point
in the middle.
121
00:07:05,458 --> 00:07:09,125
The Maya saw time
as a cycle that kept going
122
00:07:09,292 --> 00:07:10,583
like the hands of a clock.
123
00:07:10,750 --> 00:07:12,917
When it hit 12,
it didn't just explode,
124
00:07:13,042 --> 00:07:15,750
it just went back
around for another loop.
125
00:07:15,875 --> 00:07:19,917
So Maya calendar systems
were set up
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00:07:20,042 --> 00:07:22,500
to be never-ending cycles.
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00:07:24,083 --> 00:07:26,958
While the Maya were exceptional
at tracking time
128
00:07:27,125 --> 00:07:28,165
and observing the heavens,
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00:07:28,333 --> 00:07:30,833
archaeologists were astounded
130
00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:33,125
when they discovered
that this ancient culture
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00:07:33,292 --> 00:07:37,750
was tracking what is known
in astronomy as precession.
132
00:07:37,958 --> 00:07:41,167
Precession is the wobbling
of the Earth on its axis
133
00:07:41,333 --> 00:07:45,458
which changes the location of
constellations in the night sky.
134
00:07:45,625 --> 00:07:50,375
It's actually a huge cycle
that lasts 26,000 years.
135
00:07:50,542 --> 00:07:53,667
And the Maya,
without a shadow of a doubt,
136
00:07:53,833 --> 00:07:56,125
were calculating precession.
137
00:07:56,292 --> 00:07:58,208
They were able to say,
138
00:07:58,375 --> 00:07:59,958
back in the distant past,
139
00:08:00,125 --> 00:08:03,667
this planet would've been
in that constellation.
140
00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:07,833
Scholars remain mystified
141
00:08:08,042 --> 00:08:11,583
as to how the Maya came to have
such an advanced understanding
142
00:08:11,708 --> 00:08:15,875
of astronomy, mathematics
and timekeeping,
143
00:08:16,083 --> 00:08:19,042
and answers have been
difficult to come by,
144
00:08:19,208 --> 00:08:22,667
since a large portion of
the Maya's writing and artifacts
145
00:08:22,792 --> 00:08:26,375
have been lost or destroyed
over the centuries.
146
00:08:27,375 --> 00:08:31,708
There was a big cultural shift
between about 900 and 1200 AD,
147
00:08:31,875 --> 00:08:33,958
and one of
the prevailing theories
148
00:08:34,083 --> 00:08:37,417
about the end of
Maya civilization was that
149
00:08:37,625 --> 00:08:38,893
basically
they taxed their resources,
150
00:08:38,917 --> 00:08:42,292
that they created
an unstable landscape
151
00:08:42,458 --> 00:08:44,833
that then lent itself
to landslides, to fires,
152
00:08:45,042 --> 00:08:46,667
to floods,
153
00:08:46,833 --> 00:08:51,708
and that can lead
to societal collapse.
154
00:08:55,875 --> 00:08:59,833
In the 16 century,
Spanish conquistadors arrived
155
00:09:00,042 --> 00:09:02,958
in the Maya cities
of the Yucatán Peninsula.
156
00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:07,792
They found the sites sparsely
populated or even abandoned,
157
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with many structures
already in ruins.
158
00:09:12,208 --> 00:09:15,250
And while Spanish colonizers
were the first Europeans
159
00:09:15,417 --> 00:09:18,500
to record their accounts
of the Maya culture,
160
00:09:18,708 --> 00:09:21,125
they were also responsible
for destroying
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00:09:21,292 --> 00:09:23,542
much of the Maya's own history.
162
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When the Spanish showed up,
163
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they wanted to
convert them to Christianity.
164
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Step one in that process
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is dividing them
from their traditional wisdoms.
166
00:09:37,625 --> 00:09:39,708
And those were
written in the books.
167
00:09:39,875 --> 00:09:43,667
So, the Spanish
on purpose burned
168
00:09:43,833 --> 00:09:46,292
every document they could find.
169
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They destroyed
as much as they could.
170
00:09:48,583 --> 00:09:52,083
Today we have
four surviving books that
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00:09:52,208 --> 00:09:55,375
at least scholarship has been
able to study and know about.
172
00:09:55,542 --> 00:09:58,500
There are probably more,
almost certainly,
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00:09:58,708 --> 00:10:00,875
hiding in the mountains
in Guatemala.
174
00:10:01,042 --> 00:10:04,083
And the Maya, for good reason,
hide them.
175
00:10:05,917 --> 00:10:07,708
Have the secrets of the Maya
176
00:10:07,875 --> 00:10:10,708
and how they built
such an advanced civilization
177
00:10:10,833 --> 00:10:14,708
more than a thousand years ago
been lost forever?
178
00:10:15,792 --> 00:10:18,250
Ancient astronaut theorists
suggest
179
00:10:18,375 --> 00:10:20,333
there are still answers
to be found
180
00:10:20,542 --> 00:10:23,000
in the Maya texts
that have survived,
181
00:10:23,208 --> 00:10:25,708
and their accounts
of powerful beings
182
00:10:25,917 --> 00:10:28,583
who came down from the sky.
183
00:10:42,333 --> 00:10:45,000
The Getty Museum
opens an exhibition
184
00:10:45,125 --> 00:10:48,708
displaying the oldest book
ever discovered in the Americas,
185
00:10:48,875 --> 00:10:52,000
called the Maya Codex of Mexico.
186
00:10:52,917 --> 00:10:56,667
Like other Maya codices,
the roughly 900-year-old text
187
00:10:56,792 --> 00:10:59,167
consists of illustrations
and hieroglyphs
188
00:10:59,375 --> 00:11:01,000
written on tree bark pages
189
00:11:01,208 --> 00:11:03,542
that were bound together
like a book.
190
00:11:03,667 --> 00:11:08,792
The Mayans had hundreds,
thousands of codexes that were
191
00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:12,625
describing the Mayan history
and the gods
192
00:11:12,792 --> 00:11:16,292
and everything that
they wanted to write down.
193
00:11:16,375 --> 00:11:18,833
And four Mayan codices
194
00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:21,917
are known to exist
and to have survived.
195
00:11:23,292 --> 00:11:25,208
In addition to
these manuscripts,
196
00:11:25,375 --> 00:11:28,125
archaeologists have found
Maya hieroglyphs
197
00:11:28,292 --> 00:11:31,125
carved on temples
that date to as early as
198
00:11:31,292 --> 00:11:33,667
the third century BC.
199
00:11:34,708 --> 00:11:36,917
But since the great majority
of the Maya codices
200
00:11:37,083 --> 00:11:39,042
have been lost or destroyed,
201
00:11:39,250 --> 00:11:42,500
scholars have only recently
begun to decipher
202
00:11:42,667 --> 00:11:44,542
the ancient writing system.
203
00:11:44,708 --> 00:11:46,625
It's been a long process to
204
00:11:46,792 --> 00:11:48,292
translate Maya hieroglyphs,
205
00:11:48,458 --> 00:11:49,458
and we're not done.
206
00:11:49,542 --> 00:11:51,292
Experts estimate we've got
207
00:11:51,458 --> 00:11:54,000
maybe 80% of it translated,
208
00:11:54,208 --> 00:11:56,875
and there are still
glyphs that elude us.
209
00:11:57,042 --> 00:12:00,083
About 70 years ago,
Maya archaeologists
210
00:12:00,208 --> 00:12:05,250
started to unravel
the Maya hieroglyphic world,
211
00:12:05,417 --> 00:12:06,917
and by the '70s, the '80s,
212
00:12:07,042 --> 00:12:09,917
more and more of the language
213
00:12:10,083 --> 00:12:11,417
was understood in terms of
214
00:12:11,625 --> 00:12:13,083
its interface with the glyphs.
215
00:12:14,208 --> 00:12:17,833
As scholars slowly learned
how to read Maya hieroglyphs,
216
00:12:17,958 --> 00:12:20,000
they discovered
the codices contain
217
00:12:20,167 --> 00:12:22,500
richly illustrated
astronomical charts,
218
00:12:22,667 --> 00:12:24,250
divination tables
219
00:12:24,417 --> 00:12:27,708
and instructions
for religious ceremonies.
220
00:12:27,875 --> 00:12:30,833
But the most important story
found in the codices
221
00:12:31,042 --> 00:12:34,708
is a historical record
known as the Popol Vuh.
222
00:12:35,708 --> 00:12:38,333
Their creation story
is called Popol Vuh.
223
00:12:38,542 --> 00:12:42,667
And its opening chapters
outlined that the gods,
224
00:12:42,875 --> 00:12:44,583
which they call
the makers and modelers,
225
00:12:44,792 --> 00:12:46,750
set up the world.
226
00:12:46,917 --> 00:12:49,667
But the story
really centers around
227
00:12:49,792 --> 00:12:52,083
two boys, a pair of twins
228
00:12:52,250 --> 00:12:55,167
they call the Hero Twins,
Hunahpu and Xbalanque.
229
00:12:56,208 --> 00:12:58,833
And they battle with
the lords of death,
230
00:12:58,958 --> 00:13:01,583
and they make the world safe
231
00:13:01,708 --> 00:13:03,875
for creation, us, to occur.
232
00:13:04,042 --> 00:13:07,500
According to the story,
after the Hero Twins
233
00:13:07,667 --> 00:13:09,958
have prepared the Earth
for humanity,
234
00:13:10,167 --> 00:13:13,500
they are followed by
a larger pantheon of gods.
235
00:13:14,750 --> 00:13:18,333
Their beginning of creation,
and they have a date for it,
236
00:13:18,500 --> 00:13:20,292
is the 11th of August,
237
00:13:20,375 --> 00:13:24,667
3114 BC.
238
00:13:24,875 --> 00:13:29,083
The Popol Vuh says
that on that day,
239
00:13:29,250 --> 00:13:33,250
the road of the stars
descended from the sky,
240
00:13:33,417 --> 00:13:36,000
and the gods, 13 of them,
241
00:13:36,167 --> 00:13:38,958
descended from
the heavens down to Earth
242
00:13:39,125 --> 00:13:41,333
and imparted knowledge
243
00:13:41,542 --> 00:13:43,042
to the local population.
244
00:13:44,208 --> 00:13:46,458
While researchers have
documented more than
245
00:13:46,583 --> 00:13:48,500
250 Maya gods,
246
00:13:48,667 --> 00:13:51,667
this original pantheon
of 13 beings
247
00:13:51,875 --> 00:13:55,375
taught the ancient Maya
agriculture, mathematics
248
00:13:55,542 --> 00:13:57,708
and astronomy.
249
00:13:57,875 --> 00:14:00,458
The most prominent of
all the Maya gods
250
00:14:00,583 --> 00:14:02,458
described in the Popol Vuh
251
00:14:02,625 --> 00:14:05,333
is the flying serpent Kukulkan.
252
00:14:05,500 --> 00:14:07,958
Lofty thinking and knowledge
253
00:14:08,125 --> 00:14:10,667
was a gift from Kukulkan,
254
00:14:10,875 --> 00:14:13,167
who gave them sophistication,
255
00:14:13,333 --> 00:14:16,917
the art of speech,
also mathematics.
256
00:14:17,083 --> 00:14:19,542
Kukulkan was the second deity
257
00:14:19,708 --> 00:14:22,875
in the Maya pantheon.
258
00:14:23,042 --> 00:14:27,708
And the name means
both "wind" and "giver."
259
00:14:27,833 --> 00:14:29,667
You find Kukulkan connected with
260
00:14:29,792 --> 00:14:31,708
a lot of the happenings
in the sky,
261
00:14:31,875 --> 00:14:33,625
whether it's, you know,
thunder, lightning,
262
00:14:33,750 --> 00:14:35,625
storms, rain.
263
00:14:35,708 --> 00:14:39,042
And his appearance
was as a serpent,
264
00:14:39,208 --> 00:14:41,667
which is a very common
265
00:14:41,833 --> 00:14:43,667
symbol for wisdom.
266
00:14:43,875 --> 00:14:48,167
What ancient astronaut theorists
find particularly intriguing
267
00:14:48,333 --> 00:14:50,958
about Kukulkan is that this god
268
00:14:51,125 --> 00:14:53,917
is not always depicted
as a flying serpent,
269
00:14:54,083 --> 00:14:57,250
but is sometimes shown
as a humanoid face
270
00:14:57,458 --> 00:14:59,125
emerging from
the serpent's mouth.
271
00:14:59,292 --> 00:15:01,625
In Mayan iconography,
272
00:15:01,792 --> 00:15:04,458
Kukulkan is shown as
a serpentine being
273
00:15:04,625 --> 00:15:07,792
with a humanoid head
that flies through the sky.
274
00:15:07,958 --> 00:15:10,583
And it makes you wonder
what is going on here?
275
00:15:10,708 --> 00:15:12,083
It's very possible that
276
00:15:12,292 --> 00:15:14,917
it's some sort of a craft
that is interpreted
277
00:15:15,125 --> 00:15:16,667
as a feathered serpent
278
00:15:16,792 --> 00:15:18,833
and a god being
emerges from that craft
279
00:15:19,042 --> 00:15:21,375
and is a culture bearer.
280
00:15:21,500 --> 00:15:26,333
Kukulkan looks like a snake
shooting across the sky.
281
00:15:26,500 --> 00:15:28,500
If you look at
a modern-day plane,
282
00:15:28,667 --> 00:15:32,125
that looks like a flying snake
if you don't have
283
00:15:32,292 --> 00:15:34,375
the vocabulary
with which to describe
284
00:15:34,583 --> 00:15:36,833
the fuselage and the wings,
for example.
285
00:15:37,042 --> 00:15:40,917
So, of course,
we have stories of flying snakes
286
00:15:41,083 --> 00:15:43,375
because those were
the best terms
287
00:15:43,542 --> 00:15:46,583
with which to describe
what they witnessed.
288
00:15:47,833 --> 00:15:49,500
Is it possible that the gods
289
00:15:49,667 --> 00:15:52,833
described in the Maya writings
were otherworldly visitors
290
00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:55,333
witnessed by
their earliest ancestors,
291
00:15:55,542 --> 00:15:58,167
as ancient astronaut
theorists suggest?
292
00:16:00,125 --> 00:16:01,917
The first known Maya codices
293
00:16:02,083 --> 00:16:03,167
containing the Popol Vuh
294
00:16:03,333 --> 00:16:06,833
date to the 16th century AD.
295
00:16:07,042 --> 00:16:09,792
But archaeologists have
clearly identified figures
296
00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:12,833
from the Popol Vuh
featured on Maya temples
297
00:16:13,042 --> 00:16:15,000
that are hundreds
of years older,
298
00:16:15,208 --> 00:16:17,583
and ancient astronaut
theorists suggest
299
00:16:17,750 --> 00:16:21,792
they provide further evidence of
an extraterrestrial influence.
300
00:16:21,958 --> 00:16:24,333
Like the carvings found at
301
00:16:24,500 --> 00:16:27,250
the ruins of Quiriguá
in Guatemala.
302
00:16:27,458 --> 00:16:29,708
What's interesting is that
303
00:16:29,875 --> 00:16:32,000
often repeated motif
304
00:16:32,167 --> 00:16:36,708
of what seems to be
people in helmets.
305
00:16:36,875 --> 00:16:39,167
In Quiriguá, Guatemala,
306
00:16:39,333 --> 00:16:42,458
there is this helmeted person
307
00:16:42,625 --> 00:16:45,958
sitting in what seems
very reminiscent of
308
00:16:46,083 --> 00:16:48,792
something technological
in nature,
309
00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:52,708
what looks to be some
type of a spacecraft.
310
00:16:52,875 --> 00:16:56,333
Perhaps the most
extraordinary Maya depiction
311
00:16:56,542 --> 00:16:59,000
of a being that
descended from the heavens
312
00:16:59,125 --> 00:17:01,125
can be found on a pyramid
313
00:17:01,250 --> 00:17:03,500
in the ancient city
of Chichén Itzá.
314
00:17:04,583 --> 00:17:08,417
The Maya said the guardians
of the sky descended.
315
00:17:08,583 --> 00:17:10,333
And they showed it
in their temples.
316
00:17:10,500 --> 00:17:12,667
For example,
the temple of Chichén Itzá,
317
00:17:12,792 --> 00:17:15,333
every year on March 21st,
318
00:17:15,542 --> 00:17:18,333
you can see the descending
of god Kukulkan,
319
00:17:18,500 --> 00:17:20,375
the feathered serpent
coming down.
320
00:17:20,542 --> 00:17:21,917
The sun goes up,
321
00:17:22,042 --> 00:17:23,833
and because of
the astronomical orientation,
322
00:17:24,042 --> 00:17:25,333
because of the steps,
323
00:17:25,458 --> 00:17:28,625
you see a triangle shadow
going down the step,
324
00:17:28,833 --> 00:17:31,833
the step exactly in
the center of the pyramid.
325
00:17:32,042 --> 00:17:34,208
These discoveries support
326
00:17:34,375 --> 00:17:38,417
the Mayan legends of
how the god Itzamná
327
00:17:38,583 --> 00:17:41,500
came down and, and gave
knowledge of writing and books,
328
00:17:41,708 --> 00:17:45,125
while the feathered serpent
Kukulkan came
329
00:17:45,250 --> 00:17:49,375
and he gave them knowledge
of astronomy and agriculture.
330
00:17:49,542 --> 00:17:52,458
It would seem
that the core Mayan knowledge
331
00:17:52,625 --> 00:17:54,083
came from these gods
332
00:17:54,292 --> 00:17:56,500
who were probably
extraterrestrials.
333
00:17:57,542 --> 00:17:59,833
Could it be that
stories of the Popol Vuh
334
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:01,375
aren't fictional mythology,
335
00:18:01,542 --> 00:18:04,917
but are, in fact,
recorded history of
336
00:18:05,125 --> 00:18:07,083
ancient Maya interaction
337
00:18:07,208 --> 00:18:09,375
with beings who descended
from the sky?
338
00:18:09,542 --> 00:18:12,708
Perhaps further clues
can be found by
339
00:18:12,917 --> 00:18:15,125
examining a Maya city
in Honduras
340
00:18:15,208 --> 00:18:16,875
that was literally built
341
00:18:17,042 --> 00:18:19,750
to reflect the cosmos.
342
00:18:27,958 --> 00:18:29,208
This ancient site,
343
00:18:29,417 --> 00:18:31,333
located deep in the jungle,
344
00:18:31,542 --> 00:18:34,208
served as one of the most
important city centers
345
00:18:34,417 --> 00:18:36,167
of the Maya civilization.
346
00:18:36,292 --> 00:18:40,167
At the peak of its power
in the seventh century AD,
347
00:18:40,375 --> 00:18:43,542
the kingdom of Copán had
a population of at least
348
00:18:43,708 --> 00:18:46,667
20,000 people
and covered an area
349
00:18:46,875 --> 00:18:49,500
of over 100 square miles.
350
00:18:51,542 --> 00:18:53,708
Copán is a Classic Maya city
351
00:18:53,917 --> 00:18:58,292
that sits at the far eastern
edge of the Maya world.
352
00:18:58,458 --> 00:19:01,250
Most of the Maya world
is built out of limestone,
353
00:19:01,375 --> 00:19:03,375
and a lot of those
limestone monuments
354
00:19:03,542 --> 00:19:05,125
have now melted.
355
00:19:05,250 --> 00:19:09,458
But Copán's sculpture,
because it's in volcanic tuff,
356
00:19:09,667 --> 00:19:11,083
is beautiful.
357
00:19:11,250 --> 00:19:15,167
It's deep relief
and still very visible.
358
00:19:16,208 --> 00:19:20,250
The city of Copán is probably
one of the longest known
359
00:19:20,375 --> 00:19:25,417
and most investigated
Maya city today.
360
00:19:27,042 --> 00:19:30,250
These fantastic
carved stones of Copán
361
00:19:30,417 --> 00:19:35,333
evoke the imagination
and the mystery of this place.
362
00:19:35,500 --> 00:19:39,625
It was called
the Athens of the Maya world.
363
00:19:40,667 --> 00:19:44,167
Among the most remarkable
carvings discovered at Copán
364
00:19:44,375 --> 00:19:47,417
are the 15 stone statues
known as "stelae"
365
00:19:47,625 --> 00:19:51,667
that connect the city's
ancient rulers with the gods.
366
00:19:51,875 --> 00:19:54,667
The most fantastic
part of Copán is
367
00:19:54,833 --> 00:19:59,208
the carved monuments
which are carved in the round.
368
00:19:59,417 --> 00:20:01,833
They're not what
we call plano-convex
369
00:20:01,917 --> 00:20:03,708
like a slab with a, you know,
370
00:20:03,833 --> 00:20:05,292
a low-relief carving.
371
00:20:05,458 --> 00:20:07,792
These are carved in a sort
of Michelangelo way
372
00:20:07,958 --> 00:20:11,458
in the round, and
they're absolutely fantastic.
373
00:20:13,542 --> 00:20:16,167
The most well-known
of Copán's stelae
374
00:20:16,333 --> 00:20:18,500
were built during
the 36-year reign
375
00:20:18,708 --> 00:20:21,417
of the ruler
Waxaklajuun Ub'aah K'awiil,
376
00:20:21,583 --> 00:20:24,583
better known by
the nickname "18 Rabbit."
377
00:20:24,750 --> 00:20:26,917
On one of the stelae of Copán,
378
00:20:27,083 --> 00:20:29,500
18 Rabbit portrayed himself
379
00:20:29,708 --> 00:20:32,542
as the foremost
patron god of Copán,
380
00:20:32,708 --> 00:20:36,542
the all-encompassing god
K'intay Ahau.
381
00:20:36,708 --> 00:20:38,167
And on the stelae,
382
00:20:38,375 --> 00:20:42,667
he basically gives
a dissertation on the cosmos.
383
00:20:42,875 --> 00:20:44,583
For all intents and purposes,
384
00:20:44,708 --> 00:20:48,667
18 Rabbit is depicted
like modern-day astronauts.
385
00:20:48,833 --> 00:20:52,500
You see tubes,
you see weird boxes,
386
00:20:52,708 --> 00:20:55,042
you see weird canisters
and tanks.
387
00:20:55,208 --> 00:20:57,292
You see boots.
388
00:20:57,458 --> 00:21:01,625
It's stuff that looks
more technological in origin.
389
00:21:01,833 --> 00:21:06,125
And what's fascinating
is that in Tikal, in Guatemala,
390
00:21:06,208 --> 00:21:08,667
one of the stelae
shows this being
391
00:21:08,875 --> 00:21:12,000
with a tube that comes
straight down in the front
392
00:21:12,125 --> 00:21:13,500
and then it goes to the left
393
00:21:13,708 --> 00:21:16,167
and it culminates
in some sort of a tank.
394
00:21:16,292 --> 00:21:20,000
It all looks very technological
in origin.
395
00:21:20,208 --> 00:21:22,333
It would seem that these gods
396
00:21:22,500 --> 00:21:24,000
of the ancient Maya
397
00:21:24,208 --> 00:21:26,708
were real physical beings,
398
00:21:26,875 --> 00:21:31,500
and interacting with the Mayans,
giving them knowledge,
399
00:21:31,583 --> 00:21:34,208
and were really instrumental
in creating
400
00:21:34,375 --> 00:21:37,708
this advanced culture
in Central America.
401
00:21:40,750 --> 00:21:43,750
Do the incredible ruins
of Copán serve to commemorate
402
00:21:43,917 --> 00:21:48,292
the Maya's interactions
with extraterrestrials?
403
00:21:48,417 --> 00:21:51,958
As far as ancient astronaut
theorists are concerned,
404
00:21:52,125 --> 00:21:54,625
the answer is a resounding yes.
405
00:21:54,750 --> 00:21:57,917
And they suggest
further evidence can be found
406
00:21:58,083 --> 00:22:02,083
by examining the artwork
at another famous Maya site
407
00:22:02,250 --> 00:22:05,333
400 miles to the northwest.
408
00:22:12,875 --> 00:22:15,500
Under a pyramid called
the Temple of Inscriptions
409
00:22:15,625 --> 00:22:17,500
at the ruins of Palenque,
410
00:22:17,708 --> 00:22:20,500
archaeologist
Alberto Ruz Lhuillier
411
00:22:20,708 --> 00:22:23,208
discovers a mysterious
underground stairway
412
00:22:23,375 --> 00:22:25,750
obstructed with large stones.
413
00:22:26,917 --> 00:22:29,292
Over the next three years,
414
00:22:29,458 --> 00:22:31,833
Ruz and his team
carefully clear the stairwell
415
00:22:32,042 --> 00:22:35,042
consisting of 71 steps.
416
00:22:35,208 --> 00:22:38,625
When the door at the base of
the stairwell is finally opened,
417
00:22:38,792 --> 00:22:42,667
they encounter room after room
of skeletons and artifacts.
418
00:22:42,833 --> 00:22:46,000
And in the final room,
they find the tomb
419
00:22:46,167 --> 00:22:49,667
of King K'inich Janaab' Pakal.
420
00:22:49,833 --> 00:22:53,667
One of the best-known
and famous Maya ahau
421
00:22:53,833 --> 00:22:55,375
or "royal lord,"
422
00:22:55,542 --> 00:22:59,375
was Pakal, who ruled
in the seventh century AD.
423
00:22:59,542 --> 00:23:03,167
And he ruled for 68 years
at this site,
424
00:23:03,375 --> 00:23:06,000
thus making him
the longest-lived ruler
425
00:23:06,208 --> 00:23:08,625
in the Americas that we know of.
426
00:23:10,208 --> 00:23:11,417
While Pakal became
427
00:23:11,583 --> 00:23:14,417
a famous leader
during his lifetime,
428
00:23:14,583 --> 00:23:18,083
today he remains one of the most
well-known Maya kings
429
00:23:18,250 --> 00:23:21,958
because of the magnificence
of his tomb and sarcophagus.
430
00:23:22,125 --> 00:23:26,333
The tomb of Pakal is one
of the most amazing pieces
431
00:23:26,500 --> 00:23:29,000
of Maya art
that we've ever found.
432
00:23:29,208 --> 00:23:33,125
On the top of the lid
is a very elaborate carving
433
00:23:33,333 --> 00:23:36,375
that we believe
is a depiction of Pakal
434
00:23:36,542 --> 00:23:40,417
falling into the underworld
upon his death.
435
00:23:40,542 --> 00:23:44,292
Although many historians
and archaeologists
436
00:23:44,417 --> 00:23:46,583
interpret the carving
on Pakal's lid
437
00:23:46,750 --> 00:23:49,333
as the king's descent
into the underworld,
438
00:23:49,542 --> 00:23:51,833
ancient astronaut theorists
suggest
439
00:23:51,958 --> 00:23:55,708
it depicts a very different
type of journey.
440
00:23:55,875 --> 00:23:59,000
The sarcophagus of Lord Pakal
forever will remain
441
00:23:59,208 --> 00:24:02,625
one of the smoking guns
of the ancient astronaut theory.
442
00:24:02,792 --> 00:24:05,667
He is in a reclining position.
443
00:24:05,833 --> 00:24:08,583
He has a breathing apparatus
attached to his nose.
444
00:24:08,750 --> 00:24:12,167
His hands are manipulating
some buttons.
445
00:24:12,375 --> 00:24:15,458
And his feet are on pedals.
446
00:24:15,625 --> 00:24:19,750
It looks as if Pakal
is lifting off into space
447
00:24:19,917 --> 00:24:23,125
inside some type
of a rocket vehicle.
448
00:24:26,208 --> 00:24:29,417
As far as ancient astronaut
theorists are concerned,
449
00:24:29,542 --> 00:24:32,667
the idea that King Pakal's
sarcophagus lid
450
00:24:32,875 --> 00:24:36,458
depicts a journey to space
is supported by Maya writing
451
00:24:36,625 --> 00:24:39,333
that surrounds
the iconic carving.
452
00:24:39,542 --> 00:24:41,000
Those Maya glyphs say
453
00:24:41,167 --> 00:24:45,500
that this is King Pakal's
journey to Xibalba.
454
00:24:45,667 --> 00:24:47,958
"Xibalba" means "underworld."
455
00:24:48,083 --> 00:24:52,417
Well, archaeologists,
about 15 years ago,
456
00:24:52,583 --> 00:24:56,542
revisited the term "Xibalba"
and concluded
457
00:24:56,708 --> 00:25:00,000
that, actually, "Xibalba"
can also be translated
458
00:25:00,208 --> 00:25:02,625
as "Milky Way."
459
00:25:02,792 --> 00:25:05,500
And all of a sudden,
this depiction makes sense
460
00:25:05,667 --> 00:25:09,000
because what we have here
is a representation
461
00:25:09,208 --> 00:25:12,917
of King Pakal on his journey
to the Milky Way.
462
00:25:14,042 --> 00:25:15,458
Could it be that the carving
463
00:25:15,625 --> 00:25:17,708
on King Pakal's sarcophagus
464
00:25:17,875 --> 00:25:20,917
depicts the cockpit
of a spacecraft?
465
00:25:22,667 --> 00:25:25,458
Do the artifacts
of Palenque and Copán
466
00:25:25,667 --> 00:25:29,333
support the notion that the Maya
did not just write stories
467
00:25:29,542 --> 00:25:32,167
about gods
who came down from the sky
468
00:25:32,375 --> 00:25:36,333
but had real encounters
with otherworldly visitors?
469
00:25:36,500 --> 00:25:39,833
Ancient astronaut theorists
say yes,
470
00:25:40,042 --> 00:25:43,333
and suggest further evidence
can be found
471
00:25:43,500 --> 00:25:46,167
at the oldest Maya site
ever discovered.
472
00:25:46,375 --> 00:25:49,000
A site that,
until the 20th century,
473
00:25:49,208 --> 00:25:52,417
had remained hidden
in the jungles of Guatemala
474
00:25:52,583 --> 00:25:55,833
for more than 1,000 years.
475
00:25:59,875 --> 00:26:02,083
The Mirador Basin,
476
00:26:02,208 --> 00:26:05,792
northern Guatemala, 1978.
477
00:26:06,833 --> 00:26:08,792
A team
of American archaeologists
478
00:26:08,917 --> 00:26:12,542
launches a project to excavate
a mysterious ancient site
479
00:26:12,708 --> 00:26:16,000
that has been discovered
deep in the jungle.
480
00:26:16,208 --> 00:26:20,458
Called El Mirador, it features
two gigantic pyramids
481
00:26:20,583 --> 00:26:24,208
now known as El Tigre
and La Danta.
482
00:26:24,375 --> 00:26:28,458
The Mirador Basin
is very deep in the jungle.
483
00:26:28,625 --> 00:26:30,458
You can fly a plane over it,
484
00:26:30,542 --> 00:26:32,333
but you don't
really see anything.
485
00:26:32,417 --> 00:26:34,500
Everything is covered in trees.
486
00:26:34,708 --> 00:26:36,167
So, we assumed,
487
00:26:36,292 --> 00:26:37,625
if humans were ever in there,
488
00:26:37,833 --> 00:26:40,625
they weren't building
anything of substance.
489
00:26:40,833 --> 00:26:43,292
But as we got in on the ground
and we could see
490
00:26:43,417 --> 00:26:46,333
from the bottom of the trees
instead of on the top,
491
00:26:46,458 --> 00:26:48,167
we realized that a lot
of the things
492
00:26:48,292 --> 00:26:52,667
we mistaked for mountains
were actually gigantic pyramids.
493
00:26:53,833 --> 00:26:55,333
Artwork carved on the pyramids
494
00:26:55,542 --> 00:27:00,000
at El Mirador identified them
as belonging to the Maya.
495
00:27:00,208 --> 00:27:04,375
La Danta, the bigger of the two,
is larger in volume
496
00:27:04,542 --> 00:27:07,875
than the Great Pyramid of Giza
in Egypt.
497
00:27:08,083 --> 00:27:10,583
La Danta,
it's not just a pyramid,
498
00:27:10,708 --> 00:27:12,625
it's a pyramid
with pyramids on top of it.
499
00:27:12,750 --> 00:27:14,917
I mean, this is
a massive structure
500
00:27:15,083 --> 00:27:16,917
that's rivaling or even bigger
501
00:27:17,083 --> 00:27:21,167
than any other known
Maya temple complex.
502
00:27:23,958 --> 00:27:26,833
Researchers for the Mirador
Archaeological Project,
503
00:27:26,958 --> 00:27:31,167
which ran from 1978 to 1983,
504
00:27:31,333 --> 00:27:32,708
were astonished to find
505
00:27:32,833 --> 00:27:34,542
such massive Maya structures
506
00:27:34,708 --> 00:27:36,875
in this remote jungle area.
507
00:27:38,792 --> 00:27:40,750
And it begged the question,
508
00:27:40,917 --> 00:27:44,667
could this be one of the oldest
Maya sites ever discovered,
509
00:27:44,792 --> 00:27:48,333
built at a time when the
environment was more hospitable?
510
00:27:50,375 --> 00:27:54,208
The answer would be provided
by archaeologist Richard Hansen,
511
00:27:54,333 --> 00:27:56,667
who was in charge
of the Tigre Complex
512
00:27:56,875 --> 00:27:59,625
in the western sector
of the site.
513
00:27:59,833 --> 00:28:02,167
In March of 1979,
514
00:28:02,333 --> 00:28:05,292
Richard Hansen was excavating
a room within a structure
515
00:28:05,458 --> 00:28:07,708
called the Jaguar Paw Temple.
516
00:28:07,875 --> 00:28:10,000
At the time,
these structures were understood
517
00:28:10,083 --> 00:28:13,667
to be from what they call
the Classic Maya period,
518
00:28:13,833 --> 00:28:17,792
which dates from
about 250 AD to 900 AD.
519
00:28:17,917 --> 00:28:20,458
And that's because
archaeologists didn't think
520
00:28:20,625 --> 00:28:22,792
the Maya were capable
of building
521
00:28:22,958 --> 00:28:26,833
large structures like this
before that time.
522
00:28:27,958 --> 00:28:30,583
But Hansen came upon
ceramic artifacts
523
00:28:30,708 --> 00:28:33,417
that he immediately recognized
as Chicanel,
524
00:28:33,583 --> 00:28:38,375
which means that these are
artifacts from around 200 BC.
525
00:28:38,500 --> 00:28:40,417
And, of course, he was shocked.
526
00:28:40,542 --> 00:28:43,958
Richard Hansen himself said
that he suddenly realized
527
00:28:44,125 --> 00:28:48,208
the whole evolutionary model
for the Maya was wrong.
528
00:28:48,375 --> 00:28:51,375
And in that moment,
he was the only person
529
00:28:51,542 --> 00:28:53,792
in the world who knew it.
530
00:28:54,958 --> 00:28:56,667
Since Hansen's discovery,
531
00:28:56,833 --> 00:28:58,833
other scientific data
has revealed
532
00:28:58,958 --> 00:29:03,167
that El Mirador
dates to at least 600 BC,
533
00:29:03,375 --> 00:29:05,792
and could be even older.
534
00:29:05,958 --> 00:29:08,917
This is long before
the Classic Maya era,
535
00:29:09,125 --> 00:29:12,000
which is the period when
most archaeologists had believed
536
00:29:12,167 --> 00:29:15,417
the Maya started building
monumental structures.
537
00:29:17,375 --> 00:29:22,000
The debate on how
to subdivide Maya history
538
00:29:22,167 --> 00:29:26,333
has actually gone on for as long
as we've been studying the Maya.
539
00:29:26,500 --> 00:29:29,333
But for decades,
540
00:29:29,542 --> 00:29:31,583
there was an understanding
541
00:29:31,750 --> 00:29:33,667
that, before the Classic period,
542
00:29:33,875 --> 00:29:35,833
they had more humble,
543
00:29:35,958 --> 00:29:38,125
village-style living.
544
00:29:38,292 --> 00:29:40,833
It's in the last 50 years or so,
545
00:29:41,042 --> 00:29:44,000
including information
from places like El Mirador,
546
00:29:44,208 --> 00:29:46,958
that we have, as archaeologists,
come to both understand
547
00:29:47,125 --> 00:29:50,667
and appreciate the fact
that a great civilization
548
00:29:50,750 --> 00:29:53,000
actually predates
the Classic period.
549
00:29:55,250 --> 00:29:57,292
For ancient astronaut theorists,
550
00:29:57,417 --> 00:30:00,792
the discoveries at El Mirador
support the idea
551
00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:04,292
that the Maya stories
of sky gods are, in fact,
552
00:30:04,458 --> 00:30:09,167
historical accounts
of extraterrestrial visitation.
553
00:30:09,333 --> 00:30:11,792
The Maya said
that they were in contact
554
00:30:11,917 --> 00:30:14,042
with the gods and that
they were given this knowledge
555
00:30:14,208 --> 00:30:17,958
directly by these
extraterrestrial beings.
556
00:30:18,083 --> 00:30:20,042
And what we have discovered
is the pyramids
557
00:30:20,208 --> 00:30:22,417
that were constructed,
likely, to honor
558
00:30:22,583 --> 00:30:24,500
these otherworldly beings.
559
00:30:27,750 --> 00:30:30,500
In 2003, 24 years
560
00:30:30,625 --> 00:30:34,625
after his first incredible
discovery at El Mirador,
561
00:30:34,792 --> 00:30:38,042
Dr. Richard Hansen
got the opportunity
562
00:30:38,208 --> 00:30:41,333
to conduct a survey of a much
larger area of the basin
563
00:30:41,500 --> 00:30:47,167
using a sophisticated remote
sensing method called lidar.
564
00:30:47,250 --> 00:30:52,167
Lidar is a laser-imaging
detection and ranging device.
565
00:30:52,333 --> 00:30:55,958
It uses light in the same way
a radar uses radio
566
00:30:56,125 --> 00:30:58,042
for detection and ranging.
567
00:30:58,208 --> 00:31:00,333
A compact system can be flown
568
00:31:00,542 --> 00:31:01,875
on a small airplane.
569
00:31:02,042 --> 00:31:03,500
In four to five hours,
570
00:31:03,667 --> 00:31:06,500
we can map 200 square kilometers
571
00:31:06,625 --> 00:31:07,917
at really high resolution,
572
00:31:08,083 --> 00:31:10,333
something that will take
years or decades
573
00:31:10,500 --> 00:31:14,000
for a ground crew to do
using traditional techniques.
574
00:31:15,042 --> 00:31:17,250
Dr. Hansen spent
nearly two decades
575
00:31:17,417 --> 00:31:21,042
performing his lidar survey
and what he uncovered was
576
00:31:21,208 --> 00:31:24,750
that the pyramids of El Tigre
and La Danta provide
577
00:31:24,958 --> 00:31:26,250
only a small glimpse
578
00:31:26,375 --> 00:31:30,167
of what is hidden
in the Mirador jungle.
579
00:31:38,208 --> 00:31:41,667
19 years
into the vast lidar study
580
00:31:41,833 --> 00:31:44,625
of the Mirador Basin,
Dr. Richard Hansen
581
00:31:44,792 --> 00:31:48,583
and his archaeological team
announce their findings.
582
00:31:49,792 --> 00:31:52,500
Incredibly,
lidar surveys covering
583
00:31:52,708 --> 00:31:55,208
1.6 million acres of the jungle
584
00:31:55,375 --> 00:31:59,542
have revealed nearly
1,000 ancient Maya settlements
585
00:31:59,708 --> 00:32:01,667
including houses, palaces
586
00:32:01,875 --> 00:32:04,333
and colossal pyramids.
587
00:32:04,500 --> 00:32:06,500
And they are believed
to date back
588
00:32:06,708 --> 00:32:08,958
at least 3,000 years...
589
00:32:09,083 --> 00:32:12,042
long before the height
of the Maya civilization.
590
00:32:14,042 --> 00:32:15,875
These are some
of the largest buildings
591
00:32:16,042 --> 00:32:17,792
that were ever made by the Maya.
592
00:32:17,958 --> 00:32:19,583
Some of these buildings include
593
00:32:19,792 --> 00:32:21,667
things like ball courts,
594
00:32:21,792 --> 00:32:24,167
temple structures,
palace structures,
595
00:32:24,333 --> 00:32:27,833
residential compounds,
plaza groups.
596
00:32:27,958 --> 00:32:29,417
It boggles the mind.
597
00:32:30,542 --> 00:32:34,000
What's amazing is
we've found what seems to be
598
00:32:34,167 --> 00:32:36,000
an entire civilization
599
00:32:36,167 --> 00:32:38,667
that's rival
of the Egyptian civilization
600
00:32:38,875 --> 00:32:40,333
that the Mayans had built
601
00:32:40,542 --> 00:32:41,583
a long time ago
602
00:32:41,708 --> 00:32:42,833
we never knew were there.
603
00:32:43,042 --> 00:32:44,167
There are pyramids there
604
00:32:44,292 --> 00:32:46,375
that rival
the pyramids in Egypt.
605
00:32:48,708 --> 00:32:52,958
The results of the lidar study
established the pre-Classic Maya
606
00:32:53,125 --> 00:32:54,708
as being just as advanced
607
00:32:54,917 --> 00:32:56,750
as other great
early civilizations
608
00:32:56,917 --> 00:32:58,875
like the Egyptians
609
00:32:59,042 --> 00:33:01,250
and the Greeks.
610
00:33:02,208 --> 00:33:04,125
And archaeologists were
astounded
611
00:33:04,292 --> 00:33:06,875
by how much the Maya built.
612
00:33:07,042 --> 00:33:09,667
The data revealed
that hidden within the jungles
613
00:33:09,875 --> 00:33:11,167
of the Mirador Basin
614
00:33:11,375 --> 00:33:15,375
are more than 110,000
ancient structures.
615
00:33:16,542 --> 00:33:18,000
Archaeologists realize
616
00:33:18,208 --> 00:33:20,042
that this area was at one time
617
00:33:20,208 --> 00:33:22,208
densely populated.
618
00:33:22,375 --> 00:33:26,000
And they built
huge pyramid cities.
619
00:33:26,208 --> 00:33:27,875
There were
hundreds of thousands,
620
00:33:28,083 --> 00:33:31,250
if not even millions
of people living there.
621
00:33:31,417 --> 00:33:34,125
It's really awesome
when we can go
622
00:33:34,292 --> 00:33:37,583
and find a city that's
unknown to modern science.
623
00:33:37,750 --> 00:33:38,833
I mean, that's incredible.
624
00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:41,000
And for me, some of the,
625
00:33:41,125 --> 00:33:42,125
like, really cool things,
626
00:33:42,208 --> 00:33:43,667
it's actually being able
627
00:33:43,833 --> 00:33:46,833
to see features that remind us
that the Maya were
628
00:33:46,958 --> 00:33:48,167
just like you and I.
629
00:33:49,208 --> 00:33:51,500
And being able to see
stuff like a market.
630
00:33:51,708 --> 00:33:53,000
I mean, we think about pyramids
631
00:33:53,208 --> 00:33:54,875
and, like, temples
and stuff like that,
632
00:33:55,042 --> 00:33:56,625
but finding some structures
633
00:33:56,750 --> 00:33:58,393
that archaeologists interpret
to be a market
634
00:33:58,417 --> 00:34:00,333
where people came
from different places
635
00:34:00,500 --> 00:34:03,542
to exchange goods
and services, that's amazing.
636
00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:09,000
Dr. Hansen's lidar survey
637
00:34:09,208 --> 00:34:12,167
produced one incredible
revelation after another.
638
00:34:14,250 --> 00:34:16,833
But for archaeologists,
the most astonishing of all
639
00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:19,875
was an elaborate
network of causeways
640
00:34:20,042 --> 00:34:21,667
or elevated roads.
641
00:34:22,875 --> 00:34:25,667
El Mirador had
these elevated causeways...
642
00:34:25,833 --> 00:34:27,125
superhighways is the way
643
00:34:27,250 --> 00:34:29,250
the archaeologists
described them...
644
00:34:29,417 --> 00:34:32,500
and they were actually
also covered with white plaster
645
00:34:32,625 --> 00:34:35,250
so that they would reflect
the light of the moon
646
00:34:35,458 --> 00:34:38,708
so that then they could travel
during the-the nighttime hours.
647
00:34:40,208 --> 00:34:42,583
These ancient Maya
causeways are considered
648
00:34:42,750 --> 00:34:45,458
more sophisticated than those
of other civilizations
649
00:34:45,542 --> 00:34:48,667
of the time,
like the Greeks and Romans
650
00:34:48,833 --> 00:34:52,542
due to the fact that they were
elevated over many miles.
651
00:34:53,792 --> 00:34:55,500
The longest
causeway that we know
652
00:34:55,667 --> 00:34:58,250
is over a hundred
kilometers long.
653
00:34:58,375 --> 00:35:00,292
The largest portion
of the causeway connects
654
00:35:00,458 --> 00:35:03,000
the site of Mirador
to other sites.
655
00:35:03,167 --> 00:35:05,583
Some of these causeways
were the size
656
00:35:05,792 --> 00:35:07,833
of a four-lane highway.
657
00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:12,000
They are probably between two
and five meters in elevation
658
00:35:12,167 --> 00:35:14,000
with relationship
to the lowlands.
659
00:35:14,208 --> 00:35:16,792
So it was a massive undertaking.
660
00:35:17,958 --> 00:35:20,958
Name another city in 1000 BC
661
00:35:21,125 --> 00:35:23,167
that had elevated roadways
662
00:35:23,375 --> 00:35:26,125
that are as wide
as a four-lane highway.
663
00:35:26,250 --> 00:35:27,500
There is none.
664
00:35:29,042 --> 00:35:32,750
The discoveries that continue
to be made in the Mirador Basin
665
00:35:32,958 --> 00:35:36,250
are completely upending
our understanding of the Maya,
666
00:35:36,417 --> 00:35:38,375
and present new questions
667
00:35:38,542 --> 00:35:41,250
as to how
this sophisticated culture
668
00:35:41,375 --> 00:35:45,792
emerged seemingly out of nowhere
more than 3,000 years ago.
669
00:35:47,042 --> 00:35:48,917
What we have discovered
right there
670
00:35:49,042 --> 00:35:51,958
is a lost chapter
671
00:35:52,042 --> 00:35:53,250
of human history.
672
00:35:53,458 --> 00:35:56,208
Because they now determined
673
00:35:56,375 --> 00:36:01,042
that even a thousand years
before the Classical Maya period
674
00:36:01,208 --> 00:36:04,375
they had an entire
network of roads
675
00:36:04,542 --> 00:36:07,542
with buildings, with structures.
676
00:36:07,708 --> 00:36:09,750
I mean, my mind is blown
677
00:36:09,917 --> 00:36:15,583
because this is a complete
rewriting of Maya history.
678
00:36:16,667 --> 00:36:18,500
We have a whole
new scenario here.
679
00:36:18,708 --> 00:36:22,833
The evolutionary theory
of how the Maya came along
680
00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:24,292
is wrong.
681
00:36:24,417 --> 00:36:26,792
It's completely upset
by this discovery.
682
00:36:28,375 --> 00:36:31,125
How is it
that the early Maya developed
683
00:36:31,292 --> 00:36:33,125
sophisticated cities
and structures
684
00:36:33,250 --> 00:36:35,292
at a time when it is thought
685
00:36:35,500 --> 00:36:38,042
the entire
North American continent was
686
00:36:38,208 --> 00:36:40,958
populated
by primitive nomadic people?
687
00:36:41,958 --> 00:36:45,792
Could it be that the Maya
creation story is, in fact,
688
00:36:45,958 --> 00:36:49,875
a historical account
of extraterrestrial visitation?
689
00:36:52,333 --> 00:36:56,167
Ancient astronaut theorists
say yes and suggest
690
00:36:56,333 --> 00:36:58,000
further evidence can be found
691
00:36:58,167 --> 00:37:00,333
by examining
the Maya's connection
692
00:37:00,417 --> 00:37:03,208
with the Pleiades star cluster.
693
00:37:07,792 --> 00:37:10,833
Located over
400 light-years from Earth,
694
00:37:11,042 --> 00:37:13,167
near the constellation
of Taurus,
695
00:37:13,375 --> 00:37:16,500
is a star cluster known
as the Pleiades.
696
00:37:16,708 --> 00:37:19,958
It is commonly recognized
as seven bright stars
697
00:37:20,042 --> 00:37:22,417
referred to
as the Seven Sisters.
698
00:37:23,458 --> 00:37:26,833
But there are, in fact,
around 3,000 stars
699
00:37:26,958 --> 00:37:28,667
in the Pleiades star cluster.
700
00:37:28,875 --> 00:37:32,292
This area of the night sky
held great significance
701
00:37:32,417 --> 00:37:34,375
for the Maya civilization.
702
00:37:36,750 --> 00:37:39,625
The Maya themselves associate
703
00:37:39,792 --> 00:37:42,500
the celestial beings
that had contact
704
00:37:42,625 --> 00:37:47,333
with their own ancestors
with the Pleiades constellation.
705
00:37:47,458 --> 00:37:49,125
In more recent years,
706
00:37:49,250 --> 00:37:52,042
this has come through the work
707
00:37:52,167 --> 00:37:53,500
and the teachings
708
00:37:53,708 --> 00:37:56,667
of a writer and researcher
709
00:37:56,792 --> 00:38:00,167
by the name of José Argüelles,
710
00:38:00,333 --> 00:38:02,458
who during the 1970s
711
00:38:02,625 --> 00:38:05,833
spent a long time
in the Maya lands,
712
00:38:05,917 --> 00:38:07,833
having his own experiences
713
00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:10,333
talking to the Maya themselves,
714
00:38:10,500 --> 00:38:12,417
and coming to the conclusion
715
00:38:12,583 --> 00:38:16,458
that the founders
of the Mayan civilization were,
716
00:38:16,583 --> 00:38:20,667
in fact, star beings that had
come down in the distant past.
717
00:38:21,708 --> 00:38:24,833
That had given the Maya
the knowledge and wisdom
718
00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:28,958
to create the foundations
of their civilization.
719
00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:35,375
Could it be
that the Maya identify
720
00:38:35,542 --> 00:38:37,583
the Pleiades
as the home of the gods
721
00:38:37,750 --> 00:38:40,000
because this was told
to their ancestors
722
00:38:40,208 --> 00:38:42,583
by extraterrestrial visitors?
723
00:38:44,542 --> 00:38:48,083
As far as ancient astronaut
theorists are concerned,
724
00:38:48,250 --> 00:38:50,333
that question was
answered by the recent
725
00:38:50,500 --> 00:38:52,958
lidar studies at El Mirador.
726
00:38:54,000 --> 00:38:57,083
Because what they revealed
is that, incredibly,
727
00:38:57,292 --> 00:38:59,333
the ancient structures
of El Mirador
728
00:38:59,542 --> 00:39:02,208
appear to have been
intentionally positioned
729
00:39:02,375 --> 00:39:05,750
to mirror the seven
brightest stars of the Pleiades.
730
00:39:05,958 --> 00:39:10,458
Some archaeologists have
suggested that El Mirador is
731
00:39:10,625 --> 00:39:12,333
aligned with the Pleiades
732
00:39:12,542 --> 00:39:15,792
and that the pyramids
and other structures there
733
00:39:15,917 --> 00:39:19,667
are actually recreating
the Pleiades star system
734
00:39:19,833 --> 00:39:22,833
on the grounds
in the El Mirador basin.
735
00:39:23,875 --> 00:39:26,875
In my opinion,
those structures are
736
00:39:27,042 --> 00:39:30,875
calling cards
of our visitors long ago.
737
00:39:31,917 --> 00:39:36,000
Does the layout of El Mirador
provide the ultimate proof
738
00:39:36,208 --> 00:39:38,375
that Maya society
was the product
739
00:39:38,542 --> 00:39:40,500
of extraterrestrial
intervention?
740
00:39:42,208 --> 00:39:44,292
While ancient astronaut
theorists find
741
00:39:44,458 --> 00:39:46,333
this possibility intriguing,
742
00:39:46,458 --> 00:39:48,833
they believe even more
profound discoveries
743
00:39:49,042 --> 00:39:51,083
are yet to be made.
744
00:39:51,208 --> 00:39:54,083
The things that we've
actually been able to excavate,
745
00:39:54,208 --> 00:39:56,000
it's just a fraction,
746
00:39:56,208 --> 00:39:59,500
a sub-percent of what's actually
747
00:39:59,667 --> 00:40:01,375
out there to see.
748
00:40:02,500 --> 00:40:04,917
I can say with confidence
that we have dug
749
00:40:05,042 --> 00:40:08,583
less than one percent
of the Maya world.
750
00:40:08,708 --> 00:40:12,542
Even in cities we know well,
like Palenque for example,
751
00:40:12,708 --> 00:40:14,458
I made a map of Palenque.
752
00:40:14,625 --> 00:40:18,000
I mapped almost 1,500 buildings.
753
00:40:18,208 --> 00:40:20,500
We've excavated 33.
754
00:40:20,625 --> 00:40:22,542
And that's a well-known city.
755
00:40:23,458 --> 00:40:26,250
We have barely begun to scratch
756
00:40:26,375 --> 00:40:27,833
the surface
of what's still remaining
757
00:40:28,042 --> 00:40:29,500
of ancient Maya society.
758
00:40:30,458 --> 00:40:32,583
As a tourist
or an archaeologist going
759
00:40:32,792 --> 00:40:34,292
into the Maya lowland,
760
00:40:34,375 --> 00:40:36,042
it's quite remarkable to see
761
00:40:36,208 --> 00:40:39,167
pyramids sticking out
of the canopy of the jungle.
762
00:40:39,292 --> 00:40:40,792
And you're tempted to think,
763
00:40:40,958 --> 00:40:43,125
"Well, wow, there must be
thousands of sites
764
00:40:43,292 --> 00:40:45,625
that are remaining
to be discovered."
765
00:40:47,042 --> 00:40:50,833
When we look at what is
happening in Maya country now,
766
00:40:50,958 --> 00:40:55,667
it's a resurgence
of a civilization long lost,
767
00:40:55,792 --> 00:40:58,208
but that is truly
among the most magnificent
768
00:40:58,375 --> 00:41:00,458
in all human history.
769
00:41:00,625 --> 00:41:02,292
The modern Maya have to be
770
00:41:02,458 --> 00:41:03,875
incredibly proud of this.
771
00:41:04,042 --> 00:41:05,083
This is their lineage.
772
00:41:05,208 --> 00:41:06,667
This is their ancestors
773
00:41:06,833 --> 00:41:08,833
that built
these magnificent cities
774
00:41:09,042 --> 00:41:12,542
that are now being
unveiled and uncovered.
775
00:41:13,583 --> 00:41:15,458
I think what we're
gonna be finding here is
776
00:41:15,583 --> 00:41:18,500
some incredible
new discoveries among the Maya.
777
00:41:18,667 --> 00:41:20,833
And it's ultimately
gonna point to the Pleiades
778
00:41:21,000 --> 00:41:23,667
and extraterrestrials
as the ones that were
779
00:41:23,833 --> 00:41:26,583
the teachers
of this civilization.
780
00:41:27,958 --> 00:41:31,458
Could the lost cities
of the Mirador Basin...
781
00:41:31,625 --> 00:41:34,500
that archaeologists are
only now beginning to explore...
782
00:41:34,708 --> 00:41:37,458
hold incredible
new evidence about,
783
00:41:37,625 --> 00:41:39,333
not only the Maya
784
00:41:39,500 --> 00:41:42,625
but the origins
of human civilization?
785
00:41:43,750 --> 00:41:47,042
Are the jungles
of Central America hiding
786
00:41:47,208 --> 00:41:50,167
the ultimate proof
of ancient alien visitation?
787
00:41:51,375 --> 00:41:53,292
Perhaps as we continue
to unravel
788
00:41:53,375 --> 00:41:55,042
the mysteries of the Maya,
789
00:41:55,208 --> 00:41:59,000
we will learn that
their stories of sky gods are,
790
00:41:59,167 --> 00:42:01,417
in fact, historical accounts
791
00:42:01,583 --> 00:42:04,875
of our extraterrestrial past.
61837