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[ Faint Rumbling ]
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[ Woman Narrating ]
Listen to me, please.
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You're like me, a Homo sapiens.
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A wise human.
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Life, a miracle in the universe,
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appeared around
four billion years ago,
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and we humans
only 200,000 years ago.
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Yet we have succeeded
in disrupting the balance...
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that is so essential to life on Earth.
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Listen carefully to this
extraordinary story, which is yours,
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and decide what
you want to do with it.
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dd [ Woman Vocalizing ]
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These are traces of our origins.
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At the beginning, our planet
was no more than a chaos of fire,
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formed in the wake
of its star, the sun.
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A cloud of agglutinated
dust particles,
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similar to so many
similar clusters in the universe.
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Yet this was where
the miracle of life occurred.
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dd [ Vocalizing Continues ]
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Today, life- our life-
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is just a link in a chain of
innumerable living beings...
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that have succeeded one another
on Earth over nearly four billion years.
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And even today, new volcanoes
continue to sculpt our landscapes.
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They offer a glimpse of what
our Earth was like at its birth�
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molten rock surging from the depths,
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solidifying, cracking,
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blistering or spreading
in a thin crust,
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before falling dormant for a time.
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These wreaths of smoke curling
from the bowels of the Earth...
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bear witness to the Earth's
original atmosphere.
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An atmosphere devoid of oxygen.
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A dense atmosphere,
thick with water vapor,
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full of carbon dioxide.
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A furnace.
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But the Earth had
an exceptional future,
offered to it by water.
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At the right distance from the sun�
not too far, not too near�
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the Earth was able to
conserve water in liquid form.
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Water vapor condensed
and fell in torrential
downpours on Earth,
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and rivers appeared.
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The rivers shaped
the surface of the Earth,
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cutting their channels,
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furrowing out valleys.
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They ran toward the lowest places
on the globe to form the oceans.
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They tore minerals from the rocks,
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and gradually the freshwater
of the oceans...
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became heavy with salt.
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Water is a vital liquid.
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It irrigated these sterile expanses.
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The paths it traced
are like the veins of a body,
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the branches of a tree,
the vessels of the sap
that it brought to the Earth.
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dd [ Chorus Vocalizing ]
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Nearly four billion years later,
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somewhere on Earth
can still be found these works of art,
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left by the volcanoes' ash,
mixed with water
from Iceland's glaciers.
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There they are- matter and water,
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water and matter-
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soft and hard combined,
the crucial alliance shared by
every life-form on our planet.
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dd [ Chorus Vocalizing ]
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Minerals and metals
are even older than the Earth.
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They are stardust.
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They provide the Earth's colors.
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Red from iron, black from carbon,
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blue from copper, yellow from sulfur.
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Where do we come from?
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Where did life first spark into being?
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A miracle of time,
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primitive life-forms still exist
in the globe's hot springs.
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They give them their colors.
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They're called archaeobacteria.
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They all feed off the Earth's heat-
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all except the cyanobacteria,
or blue-green algae.
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They alone have the capacity
to turn to the sun
to capture its energy.
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They are a vital ancestor
of all yesterday's
and today's plant species.
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These tiny bacteria...
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and their billions of descendants...
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changed the destiny of our planet.
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They transformed its atmosphere.
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00:10:04,688 --> 00:10:08,274
What happened to the carbon
that poisoned the atmosphere?
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It's still here,
imprisoned in the Earth's crust.
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We can read this chapter
of the Earth's history...
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nowhere better than on the walls
of Colorado's Grand Canyon.
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They reveal nearly two billion years
of the Earth's history.
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Once upon a time,
the Grand Canyon was a sea
inhabited by microorganisms.
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They grew their shells by tapping into
carbon from the atmosphere...
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dissolved in the ocean.
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When they died, the shells sank...
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and accumulated on the seabed.
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These strata are the product of those
billions and billions of shells.
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Thanks to them,
the carbon drained
from the atmosphere,
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and other life-forms could develop.
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It is life that altered the atmosphere.
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Plant life fed off the sun's energy,
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which enabled it to break apart
the water molecule...
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and take the oxygen.
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And oxygen filled the air.
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The Earth's water cycle
is a process of constant renewal.
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Waterfalls, water vapor,
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clouds, rain, springs,
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rivers, seas, oceans, glaciers.
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The cycle is never broken.
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There's always the same
quantity of water on Earth.
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All the successive species on Earth
have drunk the same water.
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The astonishing matter that is water.
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One of the most unstable of all.
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It takes a liquid form
as running water,
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gaseous as vapor...
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or solid as ice.
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In Siberia, the frozen surfaces
of the lakes in winter...
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contain the traces of the forces
that water deploys when it freezes.
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Lighter than water, the ice floats,
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rather than sinking to the bottom.
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It forms a protective mantle
against the cold,
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under which life can go on.
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The engine of life is linkage.
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Everything is linked.
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Nothing is self-sufficient.
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Water and air are inseparable,
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united in life
and for our life on Earth.
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Thus, clouds form over the oceans
and bring rain to the landmasses,
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whose rivers carry water
back to the oceans.
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Sharing is everything.
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The green expanse
peeking through the clouds
is the source of oxygen in the air.
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00:14:18,775 --> 00:14:23,862
Seventy percent of this gas,
without which our lungs
cannot function,
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00:14:23,947 --> 00:14:28,242
comes from the algae
that tint the surface of the oceans.
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00:14:29,911 --> 00:14:32,871
Our Earth relies on a balance...
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00:14:32,956 --> 00:14:35,707
in which every being
has a role to play...
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and exists only through
the existence of another being.
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A subtle, fragile harmony
that is easily shattered.
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Thus, corals are born
from the marriage of algae and shells.
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00:14:51,099 --> 00:14:54,726
The Great Barrier Reef,
off the coast of Australia,
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stretches over
350,000 square kilometers...
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and is home to 1,500 species of fish,
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4,000 species of mollusks...
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and 400 species of coral.
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00:15:08,491 --> 00:15:13,120
The equilibrium of every ocean
depends on these corals.
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The Earth counts time
in billions of years.
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It took more than four billion years
for it to make trees.
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In the chain of species,
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trees are a pinnacle,
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a perfect living sculpture.
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00:15:54,037 --> 00:15:56,079
Trees defy gravity.
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They are the only natural element
in perpetual movement toward the sky.
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They grow unhurriedly toward the sun
that nourishes their foliage.
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00:16:27,737 --> 00:16:31,698
They have inherited from those
minuscule cyanobacteria...
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the power to capture light's energy.
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00:16:35,119 --> 00:16:38,246
They store it and feed off it,
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turning it into wood and leaves,
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which then decompose
into a mixture of water,
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mineral, vegetable and living matter.
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00:16:48,966 --> 00:16:51,009
And so, gradually,
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the soils that are indispensable
to life are formed.
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Soils are the factory of biodiversity.
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00:17:08,611 --> 00:17:11,071
They are a world
of incessant activity...
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where microorganisms feed,
dig, aerate and transform.
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00:17:16,285 --> 00:17:21,957
They make the humus, the fertile layer
to which all life on land is linked.
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[ Faint Squawking ]
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00:17:41,644 --> 00:17:44,771
What do we know about life on Earth?
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00:17:44,856 --> 00:17:47,107
How many species are we aware of?
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A 1 0th of them? A hundredth perhaps?
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00:17:50,862 --> 00:17:53,905
What do we know about
the bonds that link them?
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The Earth is a miracle.
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Life remains a mystery.
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dd [ Woman Vocalizing ]
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00:18:13,009 --> 00:18:16,636
dd [ Woman Singing
In Foreign Language ]
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Families of animals form,
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united by customs and rituals
that survive today.
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[ Trumpeting ]
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dd [ Continues ]
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Some adapt to the nature
of their pasture,
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and their pasture adapts to them.
171
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And both gain.
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The animal sates its hunger,
and the tree can blossom again.
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dd [ Continues ]
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00:19:41,931 --> 00:19:44,641
In the great adventure
of life on Earth,
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every species has a role to play,
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every species has its place.
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None is futile or harmful.
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They all balance out.
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And that's where you,
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00:20:13,296 --> 00:20:16,214
Homo sapiens- "wise human"-
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enter the story.
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00:20:19,468 --> 00:20:22,178
You benefit from a fabulous...
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four-billion-year-old legacy
bequeathed by the Earth.
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dd [ Continues ]
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00:20:33,482 --> 00:20:36,276
You're only 200,000 years old,
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00:20:36,360 --> 00:20:39,279
but you have changed
the face of the world.
187
00:20:41,282 --> 00:20:43,283
Despite your vulnerability,
188
00:20:43,367 --> 00:20:46,244
you have taken possession
of every habitat...
189
00:20:46,329 --> 00:20:49,122
and conquered swaths of territory...
190
00:20:49,206 --> 00:20:51,875
like no other species before you.
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dd [ Continues ]
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[ Lowing ]
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After 180,000 nomadic years,
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00:21:07,767 --> 00:21:11,645
and thanks to a more clement climate,
humans settled down.
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00:21:11,729 --> 00:21:15,732
They no longer depended on
hunting for survival.
196
00:21:15,816 --> 00:21:17,901
They chose to live
in wet environments...
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00:21:17,985 --> 00:21:22,238
that abounded
in fish, game and wild plants.
198
00:21:22,323 --> 00:21:25,909
There, where land,
water and life combine.
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00:21:25,993 --> 00:21:28,036
dd [ Continues ]
200
00:21:35,044 --> 00:21:38,421
Human genius inspired them
to build canoes,
201
00:21:39,548 --> 00:21:43,051
an invention that
opened up new horizons...
202
00:21:43,135 --> 00:21:46,388
and turned humans into navigators.
203
00:21:56,190 --> 00:22:00,568
dd [ Fades ]
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00:22:17,920 --> 00:22:21,423
Even today,
the majority of humankind...
205
00:22:21,507 --> 00:22:23,425
lives on the continents' coastlines...
206
00:22:23,509 --> 00:22:26,177
or the banks of rivers and lakes.
207
00:22:34,687 --> 00:22:36,688
[ Bleating ]
208
00:23:00,921 --> 00:23:05,842
The first towns grew up
less than 600 years ago.
209
00:23:05,926 --> 00:23:09,721
It was a considerable leap
in human history.
210
00:23:09,805 --> 00:23:14,893
Why towns?
Because they allowed humans
to defend themselves more easily.
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00:23:14,977 --> 00:23:17,020
They became social beings,
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00:23:17,104 --> 00:23:19,731
meeting and sharing
knowledge and crafts,
213
00:23:19,815 --> 00:23:22,609
blending their similarities
and differences.
214
00:23:22,693 --> 00:23:26,112
In a word, they became civilized.
215
00:23:26,197 --> 00:23:28,198
[ Sheep Bleats ]
216
00:24:10,449 --> 00:24:14,661
But the only energy at their disposal
was provided by nature...
217
00:24:14,745 --> 00:24:17,455
and the strength of their bodies.
218
00:24:17,540 --> 00:24:21,626
It was the story of humankind
for thousands of years.
219
00:24:21,710 --> 00:24:25,171
It still is for one person in four-
220
00:24:25,256 --> 00:24:28,299
over one and a half billion
human beings-
221
00:24:28,384 --> 00:24:32,971
more than the combined
population of all the wealthy nations.
222
00:24:34,682 --> 00:24:36,599
[ Chattering ]
223
00:24:47,570 --> 00:24:51,281
Taking from the Earth
only the strictly necessary.
224
00:24:51,365 --> 00:24:55,368
For a long time, the relationship
between humans and the planet...
225
00:24:55,452 --> 00:24:57,495
was evenly balanced.
226
00:24:57,580 --> 00:25:03,251
For a long time,
the economy seemed like
a natural and equitable alliance.
227
00:25:18,225 --> 00:25:23,521
But life expectancy is short,
and hard labor takes its toll.
228
00:25:23,606 --> 00:25:28,026
The uncertainties of nature
weigh on daily life.
229
00:25:28,110 --> 00:25:31,654
Education is a rare privilege.
230
00:25:31,739 --> 00:25:35,158
Children are a family's only asset,
231
00:25:35,242 --> 00:25:37,493
as long as every
extra pair of hands...
232
00:25:37,578 --> 00:25:41,247
is a necessary contribution
to its subsistence.
233
00:25:41,332 --> 00:25:43,333
[ Chattering ]
234
00:25:51,717 --> 00:25:55,220
The Earth feeds people,
clothes them...
235
00:25:55,304 --> 00:25:57,222
and provides for their daily needs.
236
00:25:57,306 --> 00:26:00,183
Everything comes from the Earth.
237
00:26:08,317 --> 00:26:12,820
Towns change humanity's nature,
as well as its destiny.
238
00:26:12,905 --> 00:26:16,658
The farmer becomes a craftsman,
trader or peddler.
239
00:26:21,455 --> 00:26:27,252
What the Earth gives the farmer,
the city dweller buys, sells or barters.
240
00:26:27,336 --> 00:26:29,545
Goods change hands,
241
00:26:29,630 --> 00:26:31,631
along with ideas.
242
00:26:46,981 --> 00:26:51,943
Humanity's genius is to have always
had a sense of its weakness.
243
00:26:52,027 --> 00:26:55,488
Humans tried to extend
the frontiers of their territory,
244
00:26:55,572 --> 00:26:57,532
but they knew their limits.
245
00:26:57,616 --> 00:27:02,161
The physical energy and strength
with which nature
had not endowed them...
246
00:27:02,246 --> 00:27:05,915
was found in the animals
they domesticated to serve them.
247
00:27:23,100 --> 00:27:27,687
But how can you conquer
the world on an empty stomach?
248
00:27:27,771 --> 00:27:30,023
The invention of agriculture...
249
00:27:30,107 --> 00:27:34,652
transformed the future of the wild
animals scavenging for food...
250
00:27:34,737 --> 00:27:36,696
that were humankind.
251
00:27:37,906 --> 00:27:41,993
Agriculture turned
their history on end.
252
00:27:42,077 --> 00:27:46,080
Agriculture was
their first great revolution.
253
00:27:46,165 --> 00:27:49,500
Developed barely
8,000 to 1 0,000 years ago,
254
00:27:49,585 --> 00:27:52,420
it changed
their relationship to nature.
255
00:27:59,762 --> 00:28:03,681
It brought an end to the uncertainty
of hunting and gathering.
256
00:28:03,766 --> 00:28:06,768
It resulted in the first surpluses...
257
00:28:06,852 --> 00:28:09,562
and gave birth to cities
and civilizations.
258
00:28:15,027 --> 00:28:17,153
For their agriculture,
259
00:28:17,237 --> 00:28:20,990
humans harnessed the energy
of animal species and plant life,
260
00:28:21,075 --> 00:28:24,077
from which they at last
extracted the profits.
261
00:28:24,161 --> 00:28:29,040
The memory of thousands of years
scrabbling for food faded.
262
00:28:29,124 --> 00:28:32,502
They learned to adapt the grains
that are the yeast of life...
263
00:28:32,586 --> 00:28:35,505
to different soils and climates.
264
00:28:35,589 --> 00:28:40,510
They learned to increase the yield
and multiply the number of varieties.
265
00:28:49,728 --> 00:28:51,771
Like every species on Earth,
266
00:28:51,855 --> 00:28:54,899
the principal
daily concern of all humans...
267
00:28:54,983 --> 00:28:58,861
is to feed themselves
and their family.
268
00:28:58,946 --> 00:29:02,907
When the soil is less generous
and water becomes scarce,
269
00:29:02,991 --> 00:29:07,912
humans deploy prodigious efforts
to mark a few arid acres...
270
00:29:07,996 --> 00:29:10,706
with the imprint of their labor.
271
00:29:29,017 --> 00:29:33,396
Humans shaped the land
with the patience and devotion
that the Earth demands,
272
00:29:33,480 --> 00:29:38,025
in an almost sacrificial ritual
performed over and over.
273
00:30:02,217 --> 00:30:07,013
Agriculture is still the world's
most widespread occupation.
274
00:30:07,097 --> 00:30:11,642
Half of humankind tills the soil,
275
00:30:11,727 --> 00:30:15,271
over three-quarters of them by hand.
276
00:30:15,355 --> 00:30:18,900
Agriculture is like
a tradition handed down...
277
00:30:18,984 --> 00:30:23,613
from generation to generation
in sweat, graft and toil,
278
00:30:23,697 --> 00:30:28,117
because for humanity it is
a prerequisite of survival.
279
00:30:28,285 --> 00:30:31,746
But after relying on
muscle power for so long,
280
00:30:31,830 --> 00:30:36,918
humankind found a way to tap into
the energy buried deep in the Earth.
281
00:30:40,672 --> 00:30:43,132
These flames are also from plants.
282
00:30:43,217 --> 00:30:45,134
A pocket of sunlight.
283
00:30:45,219 --> 00:30:47,929
Pure energy� the energy of the sun�
284
00:30:48,013 --> 00:30:51,307
captured over millions of years
by millions of plants...
285
00:30:51,391 --> 00:30:54,018
more than a hundred million years ago.
286
00:30:54,102 --> 00:30:56,771
It's coal. It's gas.
287
00:30:56,855 --> 00:30:59,524
And above all, it's oil.
288
00:31:29,096 --> 00:31:34,308
And this pocket of sunlight
freed humans
from their toil on the land.
289
00:31:38,063 --> 00:31:43,859
With oil began the era of humans
who break free of the shackles of time.
290
00:31:43,944 --> 00:31:48,155
With oil, some of us acquired
unprecedented comforts.
291
00:31:48,240 --> 00:31:50,908
And in 50 years, in a single lifetime,
292
00:31:50,993 --> 00:31:53,286
the Earth has been
more radically changed...
293
00:31:53,370 --> 00:31:57,039
than by all previous
generations of humanity.
294
00:31:59,710 --> 00:32:01,627
Faster and faster.
[ Horn Honks ]
295
00:32:01,712 --> 00:32:06,048
In the last 60 years, the Earth's
population has almost tripled,
296
00:32:06,133 --> 00:32:10,052
and over two billion people
have moved to the cities.
297
00:32:14,683 --> 00:32:17,184
Faster and faster.
298
00:32:17,269 --> 00:32:21,522
Shenzhen, in China,
with its hundreds of skyscrapers
and millions of inhabitants,
299
00:32:21,607 --> 00:32:26,277
was just a small fishing village
barely 40 years ago.
300
00:32:30,532 --> 00:32:32,450
Faster and faster.
301
00:32:32,534 --> 00:32:35,953
In Shanghai,
3,000 towers and skyscrapers...
302
00:32:36,038 --> 00:32:38,748
have been built in 20 years.
303
00:32:38,832 --> 00:32:40,875
Hundreds more are under construction.
304
00:32:47,633 --> 00:32:53,512
Today, over half of the world's
seven billion inhabitants live in cities.
305
00:33:04,066 --> 00:33:07,568
New York.
The world's first megalopolis...
306
00:33:07,653 --> 00:33:10,488
is the symbol of the exploitation
of the energy...
307
00:33:10,572 --> 00:33:13,699
the Earth supplies to human genius.
308
00:33:13,784 --> 00:33:16,327
The manpower
of millions of immigrants,
309
00:33:16,411 --> 00:33:18,329
the energy of coal,
310
00:33:18,413 --> 00:33:21,540
the unbridled power of oil.
311
00:33:21,625 --> 00:33:24,377
Electricity resulted
in the invention of elevators,
312
00:33:24,461 --> 00:33:28,255
which in turn permitted
the invention of skyscrapers.
313
00:33:28,340 --> 00:33:32,968
New York ranks as the 1 6th-largest
economy in the world.
314
00:33:36,348 --> 00:33:41,060
America was the first
to discover, exploit and harness...
315
00:33:41,144 --> 00:33:44,980
the phenomenal revolutionary
power of black gold.
316
00:33:45,065 --> 00:33:47,441
With its help,
317
00:33:47,526 --> 00:33:52,363
a country of farmers
became a country
of agricultural industrialists.
318
00:33:53,407 --> 00:33:55,574
Machines replaced men.
319
00:33:55,659 --> 00:33:58,494
A liter of oil generates
as much energy...
320
00:33:58,578 --> 00:34:02,206
as 1 00 pairs of hands in 24 hours,
321
00:34:02,290 --> 00:34:07,670
but worldwide only three percent
of farmers have use of a tractor.
322
00:34:07,754 --> 00:34:12,466
Nonetheless, their output
dominates the planet.
323
00:34:12,551 --> 00:34:16,595
In the United States,
only three million farmers are left.
324
00:34:16,680 --> 00:34:21,142
They produce enough grain
to feed two billion people.
325
00:34:26,815 --> 00:34:29,358
But most of that grain
is not used to feed people.
326
00:34:29,443 --> 00:34:33,154
Here, and in all other
industrialized nations,
327
00:34:33,238 --> 00:34:37,533
it's transformed
into livestock feed or biofuels.
328
00:34:45,250 --> 00:34:47,293
The pocket of sunshine's energy...
329
00:34:47,377 --> 00:34:51,797
chased away the specter of drought
that stalked farmland.
330
00:34:51,882 --> 00:34:55,050
No spring escapes
the demands of agriculture,
331
00:34:55,135 --> 00:34:59,388
which accounts for
70% of humanity's water consumption.
332
00:35:03,143 --> 00:35:06,437
In nature, everything is linked.
333
00:35:06,521 --> 00:35:09,815
The expansion of cultivated land
and single-crop farming...
334
00:35:09,900 --> 00:35:12,860
encouraged the development
of parasites.
335
00:35:12,944 --> 00:35:17,156
Pesticides, another gift of
the petrochemical revolution,
336
00:35:17,240 --> 00:35:19,450
exterminated them.
337
00:35:19,534 --> 00:35:24,205
Bad harvests and famine
became a distant memory.
338
00:35:24,289 --> 00:35:26,207
The biggest headache now...
339
00:35:26,291 --> 00:35:30,419
was what to do with the surpluses
engendered by modern agriculture.
340
00:35:41,890 --> 00:35:45,226
But toxic pesticides
seeped into the air,
341
00:35:45,310 --> 00:35:48,813
soil, plants, animals,
rivers and oceans.
342
00:35:48,897 --> 00:35:51,273
They penetrated the heart of cells...
343
00:35:51,358 --> 00:35:56,487
similar to the mother cell
that is shared by all forms of life.
344
00:35:56,571 --> 00:36:00,074
Are they harmful to the humans
that they released from hunger?
345
00:36:00,158 --> 00:36:03,994
These farmers,
in their yellow protective suits,
346
00:36:04,079 --> 00:36:06,288
probably have a good idea.
347
00:36:21,429 --> 00:36:26,141
The new agriculture abolished
the dependence on soils and seasons.
348
00:36:31,273 --> 00:36:33,983
Fertilizers produced
unprecedented results...
349
00:36:34,067 --> 00:36:37,653
on plots of land thus far ignored.
350
00:36:37,737 --> 00:36:40,573
Crops adapted to soils and climates...
351
00:36:40,657 --> 00:36:45,286
gave way to the most
productive varieties
and the easiest to transport.
352
00:36:45,370 --> 00:36:47,371
And so, in the last century,
353
00:36:47,455 --> 00:36:52,376
three-quarters of the varieties
developed by farmers
over thousands of years...
354
00:36:52,460 --> 00:36:55,713
have been wiped out.
355
00:36:55,797 --> 00:37:00,509
As far as the eye can see,
fertilizer below, plastic on top.
356
00:37:00,594 --> 00:37:03,470
The greenhouses of Almeria in Spain...
357
00:37:03,555 --> 00:37:05,681
are Europe's vegetable garden.
358
00:37:05,765 --> 00:37:08,726
A city of uniformly sized
vegetables...
359
00:37:08,810 --> 00:37:11,729
waits every day
for the hundreds of trucks...
360
00:37:11,813 --> 00:37:14,815
that will take them
to the continent's supermarkets.
361
00:37:16,151 --> 00:37:18,068
The more a country develops,
362
00:37:18,153 --> 00:37:21,238
the more meat its inhabitants consume.
363
00:37:21,323 --> 00:37:24,575
How can growing worldwide
demand be satisfied...
364
00:37:24,659 --> 00:37:28,746
without recourse to
concentration camp-style
cattle farms?
365
00:37:28,830 --> 00:37:30,748
Faster and faster.
366
00:37:30,832 --> 00:37:34,251
Like the life cycle of livestock
which may never see a meadow,
367
00:37:34,336 --> 00:37:39,298
manufacturing meat faster than
the animal has become a daily routine.
368
00:37:39,382 --> 00:37:41,383
[ Mooing ]
369
00:37:49,684 --> 00:37:53,729
In these vast food lots,
trampled by millions of cattle,
370
00:37:53,813 --> 00:37:56,023
not a blade of grass grows.
371
00:37:57,275 --> 00:37:59,818
A fleet of trucks from
every corner of the country...
372
00:37:59,903 --> 00:38:02,696
brings in tons of grain, soy meal...
373
00:38:02,781 --> 00:38:07,534
and protein-rich granules
that will become tons of meat.
374
00:38:07,619 --> 00:38:11,330
The result is that it takes
1 00 liters of water...
375
00:38:11,414 --> 00:38:14,333
to produce one kilogram of potatoes,
376
00:38:14,417 --> 00:38:17,544
4,000 for one kilo of rice...
377
00:38:17,629 --> 00:38:21,882
and 1 3,000 for one kilo of beef.
378
00:38:21,967 --> 00:38:25,886
Not to mention the oil guzzled
in the production process
and transport.
379
00:38:35,522 --> 00:38:38,983
Our agriculture
has become oil-powered.
380
00:38:39,067 --> 00:38:41,694
It feeds twice as many
humans on Earth...
381
00:38:41,778 --> 00:38:46,657
but has replaced diversity
with standardization.
382
00:38:46,741 --> 00:38:50,327
It has offered many of us
comforts we could only dream of,
383
00:38:50,412 --> 00:38:54,873
but it makes our way of life
totally dependent on oil.
384
00:38:56,918 --> 00:39:00,379
This is the new measure of time.
385
00:39:00,463 --> 00:39:03,090
Our world's clock
now beats to the rhythm...
386
00:39:03,174 --> 00:39:05,134
of these indefatigable machines...
387
00:39:05,218 --> 00:39:08,637
tapping into the pocket of sunlight.
388
00:39:08,722 --> 00:39:11,682
Their regularity reassures us.
389
00:39:11,766 --> 00:39:15,602
The tiniest hiccup
throws us into disarray.
390
00:39:15,687 --> 00:39:19,273
The whole planet is attentive
to these metronomes...
391
00:39:19,357 --> 00:39:22,860
of our hopes and illusions.
392
00:39:22,944 --> 00:39:26,989
The same hopes and illusions
that proliferate along with our needs,
393
00:39:27,073 --> 00:39:30,868
increasingly insatiable desires
and profligacy.
394
00:39:30,952 --> 00:39:33,996
We know that the end
of cheap oil is imminent,
395
00:39:34,080 --> 00:39:36,290
but we refuse to believe it.
396
00:39:41,546 --> 00:39:46,967
For many of us,
the American dream is embodied
by a legendary name:
397
00:39:47,052 --> 00:39:50,054
Los Angeles.
398
00:39:50,138 --> 00:39:53,390
In this city that stretches
over 1 00 kilometers,
399
00:39:53,475 --> 00:39:57,811
the number of cars
is almost equal to
the number of inhabitants.
400
00:40:09,908 --> 00:40:13,327
Here, energy puts on
a fantastic show every night.
401
00:40:13,411 --> 00:40:15,537
[ Sirens Wailing ]
402
00:40:26,716 --> 00:40:28,717
[ Horn Honks ]
403
00:40:46,861 --> 00:40:50,906
The days seem to be no more
than the pale reflection of nights...
404
00:40:50,990 --> 00:40:53,951
that turn the city into a starry sky.
405
00:40:57,247 --> 00:40:59,832
Faster and faster.
406
00:40:59,916 --> 00:41:03,961
Distances are no longer counted
in miles but in minutes.
407
00:41:04,045 --> 00:41:07,965
The automobile shapes new suburbs
where every home is a castle,
408
00:41:08,049 --> 00:41:11,468
a safe distance from
the asphyxiated city centers,
409
00:41:11,553 --> 00:41:15,389
and where neat rows of houses
huddle round dead-end streets.
410
00:41:16,432 --> 00:41:18,767
The model of a lucky few countries...
411
00:41:18,852 --> 00:41:20,811
has become a universal dream,
412
00:41:20,895 --> 00:41:24,314
preached by televisions
all over the world.
413
00:41:28,153 --> 00:41:30,654
Even here in Beijing,
414
00:41:30,738 --> 00:41:33,365
it is cloned, copied and reproduced...
415
00:41:33,449 --> 00:41:38,412
in these formatted houses
that have wiped pagodas off the map.
416
00:41:50,925 --> 00:41:56,180
The automobile has become
the symbol of comfort and progress.
417
00:41:57,932 --> 00:42:00,726
If this model were followed
by every society,
418
00:42:00,810 --> 00:42:05,522
the planet wouldn't have
900 million vehicles,
as it does today,
419
00:42:05,607 --> 00:42:07,983
but five billion.
420
00:42:15,408 --> 00:42:17,326
Faster and faster.
421
00:42:17,410 --> 00:42:21,538
The more the world develops,
the greater its thirst for energy.
422
00:42:21,623 --> 00:42:26,251
Everywhere, machines dig,
bore and rip from the Earth...
423
00:42:26,336 --> 00:42:30,464
the pieces of stars
buried in its depths
since its creation:
424
00:42:30,548 --> 00:42:32,549
minerals.
425
00:42:56,032 --> 00:43:00,244
In the next 20 years,
more ore will be extracted
from the Earth...
426
00:43:00,328 --> 00:43:03,330
than in the whole
of humanity's history.
427
00:43:04,457 --> 00:43:06,625
As a privilege of power,
428
00:43:06,709 --> 00:43:08,961
80% of this mineral wealth...
429
00:43:09,045 --> 00:43:13,423
is consumed by 20%
of the world's population.
430
00:43:31,693 --> 00:43:33,860
Before the end of this century,
431
00:43:33,945 --> 00:43:38,657
excessive mining will have exhausted
nearly all the planet's reserves.
432
00:43:48,418 --> 00:43:50,460
Faster and faster.
433
00:43:50,545 --> 00:43:52,879
Shipyards churn out oil tankers,
434
00:43:52,964 --> 00:43:55,132
container ships and gas tankers...
435
00:43:55,216 --> 00:43:59,219
to cater for the demands
of globalized industrial production.
436
00:44:03,808 --> 00:44:06,893
Most consumer goods travel
thousands of kilometers...
437
00:44:06,978 --> 00:44:11,565
from the country of production
to the country of consumption.
438
00:44:11,649 --> 00:44:14,985
Since 1 950,
the volume of international trade...
439
00:44:15,069 --> 00:44:17,863
has increased 20 times over.
440
00:44:28,374 --> 00:44:32,002
Ninety percent of trade goes by sea.
441
00:44:32,086 --> 00:44:37,424
500 million containers
are transported every year,
442
00:44:37,508 --> 00:44:40,510
headed for the world's
major hubs of consumption,
443
00:44:40,595 --> 00:44:42,596
such as Dubai.
444
00:44:44,057 --> 00:44:48,268
Dubai is one of the biggest
construction sites in the world�
445
00:44:48,353 --> 00:44:51,605
a country where the impossible
becomes possible.
446
00:44:51,689 --> 00:44:55,067
Building artificial islands
in the sea, for example.
447
00:45:24,680 --> 00:45:27,766
Dubai has few natural resources,
448
00:45:27,850 --> 00:45:31,978
but with the money from oil,
it can bring millions of tons
of material and people...
449
00:45:32,063 --> 00:45:33,980
from all over the world.
450
00:45:34,065 --> 00:45:38,360
It can build forests of skyscrapers,
each one taller than the last,
451
00:45:38,444 --> 00:45:41,530
or even a ski slope
in the middle of the desert.
452
00:45:41,614 --> 00:45:46,118
Dubai has no farmland,
but it can import food.
453
00:45:46,202 --> 00:45:48,120
Dubai has no water,
454
00:45:48,204 --> 00:45:51,248
but it can afford to expend
immense amounts of energy...
455
00:45:51,332 --> 00:45:56,169
to desalinate seawater
and build the highest
skyscrapers in the world.
456
00:45:56,254 --> 00:46:00,632
Dubai has endless sun
but no solar panels.
457
00:46:00,716 --> 00:46:03,635
It is the city of more is more,
458
00:46:03,719 --> 00:46:06,263
where the wildest dreams
become reality.
459
00:46:06,347 --> 00:46:09,683
Dubai is a sort of culmination
of the Western model,
460
00:46:09,767 --> 00:46:13,395
with its 800-meter high totem
to total modernity...
461
00:46:13,479 --> 00:46:16,189
that never fails to amaze the world.
462
00:46:16,274 --> 00:46:19,484
Excessive? Perhaps.
463
00:46:19,569 --> 00:46:22,404
Dubai appears to have made its choice.
464
00:46:22,488 --> 00:46:25,490
It is like the new beacon
for all the world's money.
465
00:46:38,463 --> 00:46:41,631
Nothing seems further removed
from nature than Dubai,
466
00:46:41,716 --> 00:46:45,719
although nothing depends
on nature more than Dubai.
467
00:46:47,555 --> 00:46:51,057
The city merely follows
the model of wealthy nations.
468
00:46:51,142 --> 00:46:55,437
We haven't understood
that we're depleting
what nature provides.
469
00:46:55,605 --> 00:46:58,732
dd [ Woman Vocalizing ]
470
00:47:40,316 --> 00:47:44,361
What do we know of the marine world,
of which we see only the surface,
471
00:47:44,445 --> 00:47:47,948
and which covers
three-quarters of the planet?
472
00:47:48,032 --> 00:47:50,742
The ocean depths remain a secret.
473
00:47:50,826 --> 00:47:55,956
They contain thousands
of species whose existence
remains a mystery to us.
474
00:47:57,667 --> 00:47:59,668
[ Squawking ]
475
00:47:59,752 --> 00:48:01,753
dd [ Continues ]
476
00:48:11,264 --> 00:48:16,184
Since 1 950, fishing catches
have increased fivefold,
477
00:48:16,269 --> 00:48:20,981
from 1 8 to 1 00 million
metric tons a year.
478
00:48:21,065 --> 00:48:24,985
Thousands of factory ships
are emptying the oceans.
479
00:48:33,494 --> 00:48:36,413
Three-quarters
of fishing grounds are exhausted,
480
00:48:36,497 --> 00:48:39,624
depleted or in danger of being so.
481
00:49:19,332 --> 00:49:22,459
Most large fish have been
fished out of existence,
482
00:49:22,543 --> 00:49:25,587
since they have no time to reproduce.
483
00:49:25,671 --> 00:49:29,883
We are destroying the cycle of a life
that was given to us.
484
00:49:40,561 --> 00:49:45,899
On the coastlines,
signs of the exhaustion
of stocks abound.
485
00:49:45,983 --> 00:49:49,944
First sign:
Colonies of sea mammals
are getting smaller.
486
00:49:50,029 --> 00:49:53,823
Made vulnerable by urbanization
of the coasts and pollution,
487
00:49:53,908 --> 00:49:57,077
they now face a new threat: famine.
488
00:49:57,161 --> 00:50:00,664
In their unequal battle
against industrial fishing fleets,
489
00:50:00,748 --> 00:50:03,750
they can't find enough fish
to feed their young.
490
00:50:05,503 --> 00:50:08,963
dd [ Woman Vocalizing ]
491
00:50:12,760 --> 00:50:14,719
Second sign:
492
00:50:14,804 --> 00:50:18,848
Seabirds must fly ever greater
distances to find food.
493
00:50:18,933 --> 00:50:24,771
At the current rate, all fish stocks
are threatened with exhaustion.
494
00:50:26,774 --> 00:50:28,733
[ Squawking ]
495
00:50:28,818 --> 00:50:30,819
dd [ Continues ]
496
00:50:36,534 --> 00:50:40,704
In Dakar, traditional net fishing
boomed in the years of plenty,
497
00:50:40,788 --> 00:50:43,832
but today, fish stocks are dwindling.
498
00:50:48,212 --> 00:50:51,673
[ Chattering ]
dd [ Continues ]
499
00:51:03,728 --> 00:51:07,897
Fish is the staple diet
of one in five humans.
500
00:51:12,903 --> 00:51:14,904
[ Chattering ]
501
00:51:21,162 --> 00:51:23,580
dd [ Continues ]
502
00:51:34,425 --> 00:51:38,136
Can we envision the inconceivable?
503
00:51:38,220 --> 00:51:40,388
Abandoned boats,
504
00:51:40,473 --> 00:51:42,557
seas devoid offish?
505
00:51:45,770 --> 00:51:48,354
dd [ Fades ]
506
00:52:07,500 --> 00:52:11,377
We have forgotten
that resources are scarce.
507
00:52:11,462 --> 00:52:15,298
500 million humans live
in the world's desert lands,
508
00:52:15,382 --> 00:52:17,967
more than the combined
population of Europe.
509
00:52:18,052 --> 00:52:20,970
They know the value of water.
510
00:52:21,055 --> 00:52:23,431
They know how to use it sparingly.
511
00:52:23,516 --> 00:52:27,393
Here, they depend on wells
replenished by fossil water,
512
00:52:27,478 --> 00:52:31,981
which accumulated underground
in the days when it rained
on these deserts,
513
00:52:32,066 --> 00:52:34,567
25,000 years ago.
514
00:52:41,367 --> 00:52:44,994
Fossil water also enables crops
to be grown in the desert...
515
00:52:45,079 --> 00:52:47,831
to provide food for local populations.
516
00:52:47,915 --> 00:52:49,916
The fields' circular shape...
517
00:52:50,000 --> 00:52:54,420
derives from the pipes that
irrigate them around a central pivot.
518
00:53:08,769 --> 00:53:12,230
But there is a heavy price to pay.
519
00:53:12,314 --> 00:53:15,984
Fossil water
is a nonrenewable resource.
520
00:53:23,784 --> 00:53:29,122
In Saudi Arabia,
the dream of industrial farming
in the desert has faded.
521
00:53:29,206 --> 00:53:31,249
As if on a parchment map,
522
00:53:31,333 --> 00:53:35,628
the light spots on this patchwork
show abandoned plots.
523
00:53:35,713 --> 00:53:38,339
The irrigation equipment
is still there.
524
00:53:38,424 --> 00:53:40,717
The energy to pump water also.
525
00:53:40,801 --> 00:53:44,804
But the fossil water reserves
are severely depleted.
526
00:53:57,318 --> 00:54:00,778
Israel turned the desert
into arable land.
527
00:54:00,863 --> 00:54:04,532
Even though these hothouses
are now irrigated drop by drop,
528
00:54:04,617 --> 00:54:08,786
water consumption continues
to increase along with exports.
529
00:54:16,700 --> 00:54:20,411
The once mighty river Jordan
is now just a trickle.
530
00:54:20,495 --> 00:54:23,539
Its water has flown to supermarkets
all over the world...
531
00:54:23,624 --> 00:54:26,334
in crates of fruit and vegetables.
532
00:55:01,370 --> 00:55:03,579
The Jordan's fate is not unique.
533
00:55:03,664 --> 00:55:07,375
Across the planet,
one major river in 1 0...
534
00:55:07,459 --> 00:55:11,337
no longer flows into the sea
for several months of the year.
535
00:55:22,599 --> 00:55:26,310
The Dead Sea derives its name
from its incredibly high salinity...
536
00:55:26,395 --> 00:55:28,562
that makes all life impossible.
537
00:55:28,647 --> 00:55:30,940
Deprived of the Jordan's water,
538
00:55:31,024 --> 00:55:34,360
its level goes down
by over one meter per year.
539
00:55:34,444 --> 00:55:37,071
Its salinity is increasing.
540
00:55:37,155 --> 00:55:39,156
Evaporation, due to the heat,
541
00:55:39,241 --> 00:55:42,326
produces these fine islands
of salt evaporites-
542
00:55:42,411 --> 00:55:44,412
beautiful but sterile.
543
00:56:08,395 --> 00:56:13,065
In Rajasthan, India,
Udaipur is a miracle of water.
544
00:56:13,150 --> 00:56:17,069
The city was made possible
by a system of dams and channels...
545
00:56:17,154 --> 00:56:19,405
that created an artificial lake.
546
00:56:20,615 --> 00:56:23,659
For its architects,
was water so precious...
547
00:56:23,744 --> 00:56:26,287
that they dedicated a palace to it?
548
00:56:51,813 --> 00:56:54,482
India risks being the country
that suffers most...
549
00:56:54,566 --> 00:56:57,651
from the lack of water
in the coming century.
550
00:56:57,736 --> 00:57:01,447
Massive irrigation
has fed the growing population,
551
00:57:01,531 --> 00:57:07,411
and in the last 50 years,
21 million wells have been dug.
552
00:57:07,496 --> 00:57:10,790
The victory over famine
has a downside, however.
553
00:57:10,874 --> 00:57:16,462
In many parts of the country,
the drill has to sink
ever deeper to hit water.
554
00:57:16,546 --> 00:57:19,006
In western India,
555
00:57:19,091 --> 00:57:21,675
30% of wells have been abandoned.
556
00:57:27,474 --> 00:57:30,684
The underground
aquifers are drying out.
557
00:57:50,956 --> 00:57:55,751
Vast reservoirs
will catch the monsoon rains
to replenish the aquifers.
558
00:58:00,590 --> 00:58:05,469
In dry season,
women from local villages
dig them with their bare hands.
559
00:58:05,554 --> 00:58:07,888
[ Chattering ]
560
00:58:29,911 --> 00:58:31,996
Thousands of kilometers away,
561
00:58:32,080 --> 00:58:33,998
800 to 1 ,000 liters of water...
562
00:58:34,082 --> 00:58:38,169
are consumed per person per day.
563
00:58:38,253 --> 00:58:41,213
Las Vegas was built out of the desert.
564
00:58:41,298 --> 00:58:43,757
Millions of people live there.
565
00:58:43,842 --> 00:58:46,677
Thousands more arrive every month.
566
00:58:46,761 --> 00:58:52,183
The inhabitants of Las Vegas
are among the biggest consumers
of water in the world.
567
00:58:58,106 --> 00:59:00,024
Palm Springs is another desert city...
568
00:59:00,108 --> 00:59:03,569
with tropical vegetation
and lush golf courses.
569
00:59:21,338 --> 00:59:24,632
How long can this mirage
continue to prosper?
570
00:59:32,140 --> 00:59:34,725
The Earth cannot keep up.
571
00:59:34,809 --> 00:59:38,187
The Colorado River,
which brings water to these cities,
572
00:59:38,271 --> 00:59:41,440
is one of those rivers
that no longer reaches the sea.
573
00:59:41,524 --> 00:59:43,984
Even more alarmingly,
574
00:59:44,069 --> 00:59:47,279
its flow is diminishing at source.
575
00:59:47,364 --> 00:59:51,158
Water levels in the catchment lakes
along its course...
576
00:59:51,243 --> 00:59:54,119
are plummeting.
577
00:59:54,204 --> 00:59:58,540
Lake Powell took 1 7 years
to reach high-water mark.
578
00:59:58,625 --> 01:00:01,877
Its level is now half of that.
579
01:00:03,255 --> 01:00:06,423
Water shortages could affect
nearly two billion people...
580
01:00:06,508 --> 01:00:08,509
before 2025.
581
01:00:10,345 --> 01:00:13,847
Yet water is still abundant
in unspoiled regions of the planet.
582
01:00:17,352 --> 01:00:19,270
The wetlands.
583
01:00:29,531 --> 01:00:34,285
These wetlands are crucial
to all life on Earth.
584
01:00:34,369 --> 01:00:37,371
They represent
six percent of the planet.
585
01:00:39,874 --> 01:00:43,669
Marshes are sponges
that regulate the flow of water.
586
01:00:46,381 --> 01:00:48,465
They absorb it in the wet season...
587
01:00:48,550 --> 01:00:51,260
and release it in the dry season.
588
01:01:06,234 --> 01:01:08,569
The water runs off the mountain peaks,
589
01:01:08,653 --> 01:01:12,656
carrying with it the seeds
of the regions it flows through.
590
01:01:12,741 --> 01:01:15,576
This process gives birth
to unique landscapes,
591
01:01:15,660 --> 01:01:19,997
where the diversity of species
is unequaled in its richness.
592
01:01:24,586 --> 01:01:28,172
Under the calm water
lies a veritable factory...
593
01:01:28,256 --> 01:01:31,425
where this ultimately linked
richness and diversity...
594
01:01:31,509 --> 01:01:36,055
patiently filters the water
and digests all the pollution.
595
01:01:36,139 --> 01:01:38,474
Marshes are
indispensable environments...
596
01:01:38,558 --> 01:01:42,519
for the regeneration
and purification of water.
597
01:01:55,200 --> 01:01:59,203
These wetlands were always seen
as unhealthy expanses,
598
01:01:59,287 --> 01:02:02,081
unfit for human habitation.
599
01:02:02,165 --> 01:02:04,375
In our race to conquer more land,
600
01:02:04,459 --> 01:02:08,045
we have reclaimed them
as pasture for our livestock,
601
01:02:08,129 --> 01:02:11,882
or as land for agriculture
or building.
602
01:02:31,528 --> 01:02:37,032
In the last century,
half of the world's marshes
were drained.
603
01:02:37,117 --> 01:02:41,537
We know neither their richness
nor their role.
604
01:02:46,668 --> 01:02:48,752
All living matter is linked.
605
01:02:48,837 --> 01:02:51,422
dd [ Man Vocalizing ]
606
01:02:51,506 --> 01:02:56,260
Water, air, soil, trees.
607
01:02:56,344 --> 01:03:00,180
The world's magic
is right in front of our eyes.
608
01:03:07,355 --> 01:03:11,108
dd [ Vocalizing Continues ]
609
01:03:34,215 --> 01:03:38,760
Trees breathe groundwater
into the atmosphere as light mist.
610
01:03:38,845 --> 01:03:42,431
They form a canopy that alleviates
the impact of heavy rains...
611
01:03:42,515 --> 01:03:45,350
and protects the soil from erosion.
612
01:03:48,855 --> 01:03:52,691
The forests provide the humidity
that is necessary for life.
613
01:03:52,775 --> 01:03:56,820
They are the mother
and father of rain.
614
01:03:56,905 --> 01:04:00,449
dd [ Man Vocalizing ]
615
01:04:00,533 --> 01:04:03,827
The forests store carbon.
616
01:04:03,912 --> 01:04:07,539
They contain more than
all the Earth's atmosphere.
617
01:04:07,624 --> 01:04:10,501
They are the cornerstone
of the climatic balance...
618
01:04:10,585 --> 01:04:14,338
on which we all depend.
619
01:04:14,422 --> 01:04:17,633
dd [ Man Singing
In Foreign Language ]
620
01:04:21,971 --> 01:04:27,351
Trees provide a habitat
for three-quarters of
the planet's biodiversity�
621
01:04:27,435 --> 01:04:31,522
that is to say, of all life on Earth.
622
01:04:31,606 --> 01:04:36,860
Every year, we discover new species
we had no idea existed�
623
01:04:36,945 --> 01:04:40,155
insects, birds, mammals.
624
01:04:40,240 --> 01:04:44,284
dd [ Men Vocalizing ]
625
01:04:57,048 --> 01:05:00,342
dd [ Man Singing
In Foreign Language ]
626
01:05:12,480 --> 01:05:16,233
These forests provide
the remedies that cure us.
627
01:05:16,317 --> 01:05:18,735
The substances secreted
by these plants...
628
01:05:18,820 --> 01:05:21,405
can be recognized by our bodies.
629
01:05:21,489 --> 01:05:24,241
Our cells talk the same language.
630
01:05:24,325 --> 01:05:27,452
We are of the same family.
631
01:05:27,537 --> 01:05:30,497
dd [ Men Vocalizing ]
632
01:05:43,678 --> 01:05:45,721
dd [ Ends ]
633
01:05:51,185 --> 01:05:55,063
Mangroves are forests
that step out onto the sea.
634
01:05:55,148 --> 01:05:59,192
Like coral reefs,
they are a nursery for the oceans.
635
01:05:59,277 --> 01:06:02,487
Their roots entwine
and form a shelter for the fish...
636
01:06:02,572 --> 01:06:05,532
and mollusks that come to breed.
637
01:06:05,617 --> 01:06:08,035
Mangroves protect the coasts
from hurricanes,
638
01:06:08,119 --> 01:06:10,871
tidal waves and erosion by the sea.
639
01:06:10,955 --> 01:06:13,707
Whole peoples depend on them.
640
01:06:13,791 --> 01:06:19,087
Yet, they were reduced by half
during the 20th century.
641
01:06:22,800 --> 01:06:25,719
One of the reasons
for the ongoing disaster...
642
01:06:25,803 --> 01:06:30,140
is these shrimp farms installed
on the mangroves' rich waters.
643
01:06:30,224 --> 01:06:33,852
Ventilators aerate pools
full of antibiotics...
644
01:06:33,936 --> 01:06:36,563
to prevent the asphyxiation
of the shrimps,
645
01:06:36,648 --> 01:06:38,982
not that of the mangroves.
646
01:06:44,322 --> 01:06:49,993
Since the 1 960s, deforestation
has constantly gathered pace.
647
01:06:50,078 --> 01:06:54,247
Every year, 1 3 million hectares
of tropical forest-
648
01:06:54,332 --> 01:06:56,583
an area the size of Illinois-
649
01:06:56,668 --> 01:07:00,253
disappear in smoke and as lumber.
650
01:07:07,929 --> 01:07:11,181
The world's largest rain forest,
the Amazon,
651
01:07:11,265 --> 01:07:14,643
has already been reduced by 20%.
652
01:07:14,727 --> 01:07:18,855
The forest gives way
to cattle ranches or soybean farms.
653
01:07:18,940 --> 01:07:21,108
Ninety-five percent
of these soybeans...
654
01:07:21,192 --> 01:07:26,113
are used to feed livestock
and poultry in Europe and Asia.
655
01:07:35,456 --> 01:07:39,918
And so, a forest is turned into meat.
656
01:07:47,969 --> 01:07:50,512
When they burn,
forests and their soils...
657
01:07:50,596 --> 01:07:52,889
release huge quantities of carbon,
658
01:07:52,974 --> 01:07:58,562
accounting for 20%
of the greenhouse gases
emitted across the globe.
659
01:07:58,646 --> 01:08:03,066
Deforestation is one of the principal
causes of global warming.
660
01:08:13,786 --> 01:08:17,706
Thousands of species
disappear forever.
661
01:08:17,790 --> 01:08:22,961
With them, one of the links
in a long chain of evolution snaps.
662
01:08:23,045 --> 01:08:26,381
The intelligence of the living matter
from which they came...
663
01:08:26,466 --> 01:08:28,467
is lost forever.
664
01:08:44,400 --> 01:08:48,570
Barely 20 years ago, Borneo,
the fourth-largest island in the world,
665
01:08:48,654 --> 01:08:52,157
was covered by a vast primary forest.
666
01:08:52,241 --> 01:08:54,659
At the current rate of deforestation,
667
01:08:54,744 --> 01:08:58,205
it will have totally
disappeared within 1 0 years.
668
01:08:58,289 --> 01:09:04,127
Living matter bonds water,
air, earth and the sun.
669
01:09:04,212 --> 01:09:07,047
In Borneo,
this bond has been broken...
670
01:09:07,131 --> 01:09:11,426
in what was one of the Earth's
greatest reservoirs of biodiversity.
671
01:09:26,567 --> 01:09:29,152
This catastrophe was
provoked by the decision...
672
01:09:29,237 --> 01:09:31,279
to produce palm oil,
673
01:09:31,364 --> 01:09:34,991
the most consumed oil
in the world, on Borneo.
674
01:09:35,076 --> 01:09:39,204
Palm oil not only caters
to our growing demand for food,
675
01:09:39,288 --> 01:09:44,751
but also cosmetics, detergents
and, increasingly, alternative fuels.
676
01:09:48,756 --> 01:09:53,885
The forest diversity was replaced
by a single species- the oil palm.
677
01:09:53,970 --> 01:09:57,848
Mono culture is easy,
productive and rapid.
678
01:09:57,932 --> 01:10:00,892
For local people,
it provides employment.
679
01:10:00,977 --> 01:10:03,436
It is an agricultural industry.
680
01:10:12,446 --> 01:10:16,908
Another example of massive
deforestation is the eucalyptus.
681
01:10:16,993 --> 01:10:19,744
Eucalyptus is used to make paper pulp.
682
01:10:19,829 --> 01:10:25,500
Plantations are growing,
as demand for paper has
increased fivefold in 50 years.
683
01:10:31,465 --> 01:10:36,094
Mono cultures of trees
are gaining ground all over the world.
684
01:10:36,178 --> 01:10:39,848
But a monoculture is not a forest.
685
01:10:39,932 --> 01:10:44,019
By definition,
there is little diversity.
686
01:10:44,103 --> 01:10:48,064
One forest does not
replace another forest.
687
01:10:48,149 --> 01:10:50,066
At the foot of these eucalyptus trees,
688
01:10:50,151 --> 01:10:53,778
nothing grows,
because their leaves form a bed...
689
01:10:53,863 --> 01:10:56,781
that is toxic for most other plants.
690
01:10:56,866 --> 01:11:01,328
They grow quickly,
but exhaust water reserves.
691
01:11:17,094 --> 01:11:21,514
Soybeans, palm oil, eucalyptus trees-
692
01:11:21,599 --> 01:11:26,811
Deforestation destroys the essential
to produce the superfluous.
693
01:11:26,896 --> 01:11:31,358
But elsewhere, deforestation
is a last resort to survive.
694
01:11:31,442 --> 01:11:34,027
[ Faint Chattering ]
695
01:11:36,238 --> 01:11:38,615
Over two billion people-
696
01:11:38,699 --> 01:11:41,618
almost a third
of the world's population�
697
01:11:41,702 --> 01:11:43,620
still depend on charcoal.
698
01:11:43,704 --> 01:11:45,705
[ Chattering ]
699
01:11:55,216 --> 01:11:59,010
In Haiti, one of the world's
poorest countries,
700
01:11:59,095 --> 01:12:03,473
charcoal is one of
the population's main consumables.
701
01:12:03,557 --> 01:12:06,518
Once the pearl of the Caribbean,
702
01:12:06,602 --> 01:12:10,146
Haiti can no longer feed
its population without foreign aid.
703
01:12:24,328 --> 01:12:28,832
On the hills of Haiti,
only two percent
of the forests are left.
704
01:12:28,916 --> 01:12:32,919
Stripped bare,
the soil no longer
absorbs the rainwater.
705
01:12:33,004 --> 01:12:36,506
With no vegetation
and no roots to reinforce them,
706
01:12:36,590 --> 01:12:39,259
nothing holds the soils back.
707
01:12:39,343 --> 01:12:43,596
The rainwater washes them
down the hillsides as far as the sea.
708
01:12:43,681 --> 01:12:46,891
Erosion impoverishes
the quality of the soils,
709
01:12:46,976 --> 01:12:49,978
reducing their suitability
for agriculture.
710
01:12:52,356 --> 01:12:57,110
In some parts of Madagascar,
the erosion is spectacular.
711
01:12:57,194 --> 01:13:01,656
Whole hillsides bear deep gashes
hundreds of meters wide.
712
01:13:10,791 --> 01:13:15,045
Thin and fragile,
soil is made by living matter.
713
01:13:15,129 --> 01:13:17,881
With erosion, the fine layer of humus,
714
01:13:17,965 --> 01:13:21,968
which took thousands of years
to form, disappears.
715
01:14:07,389 --> 01:14:10,558
Here's one theory
of the story of the Rapa Nui,
716
01:14:10,643 --> 01:14:12,727
the inhabitants of Easter Island,
717
01:14:12,812 --> 01:14:15,313
that could perhaps
give us pause for thought.
718
01:14:16,649 --> 01:14:19,776
Living on the most isolated
island in the world,
719
01:14:19,860 --> 01:14:22,403
the Rapa Nui exploited
their resources...
720
01:14:22,488 --> 01:14:24,739
until there was nothing left.
721
01:14:24,824 --> 01:14:28,701
Their civilization did not survive.
722
01:14:28,786 --> 01:14:32,580
On these lands stood
the highest palm trees in the world.
723
01:14:32,665 --> 01:14:34,624
They have disappeared.
724
01:14:34,708 --> 01:14:37,627
The Rapa Nui chopped them
all down for lumber.
725
01:14:37,711 --> 01:14:40,547
They then had to face
widespread soil erosion.
726
01:14:41,882 --> 01:14:44,259
The Rapa Nui could
no longer go fishing.
727
01:14:44,343 --> 01:14:47,595
There were no trees to build canoes.
728
01:14:47,680 --> 01:14:52,600
And yet the Rapa Nui formed
one of the most brilliant
civilizations in the Pacific.
729
01:14:52,685 --> 01:14:56,771
Innovative farmers, sculptors,
exceptional navigators,
730
01:14:56,856 --> 01:15:01,276
they were caught in a vise
of overpopulation
and dwindling resources.
731
01:15:04,280 --> 01:15:08,825
They experienced social unrest,
revolts and famine.
732
01:15:08,909 --> 01:15:11,619
Many did not survive the cataclysm.
733
01:16:00,669 --> 01:16:05,632
The real mystery of Easter Island
is not how its strange statues got there.
734
01:16:05,716 --> 01:16:07,634
We know now.
735
01:16:07,718 --> 01:16:11,095
It's why the Rapa Nui
didn't react in time.
736
01:16:17,978 --> 01:16:20,605
It's only one of a number of theories,
737
01:16:20,689 --> 01:16:23,316
but it has particular
relevance to us today.
738
01:16:24,944 --> 01:16:29,989
Since 1 950, the world's
population has almost tripled.
739
01:16:30,074 --> 01:16:35,411
And since 1 950,
we have more fundamentally
altered our island, the Earth,
740
01:16:35,496 --> 01:16:39,666
than in all of our
200,000-year history.
741
01:16:43,712 --> 01:16:47,590
Nigeria is the biggest
oil exporter in Africa,
742
01:16:47,675 --> 01:16:52,720
and yet 70% of the population
lives under the poverty line.
743
01:16:52,805 --> 01:16:58,309
The wealth is there, but the country's
inhabitants don't have access to it.
744
01:16:58,394 --> 01:17:00,895
The same is true all over the globe.
745
01:17:00,980 --> 01:17:05,191
Half the world's poor
live in resource-rich countries.
746
01:17:21,542 --> 01:17:25,878
Our mode of development
has not fulfilled its promises.
747
01:17:25,963 --> 01:17:29,632
In 50 years, the gap
between rich and poor...
748
01:17:29,717 --> 01:17:32,385
has grown wider than ever.
749
01:17:32,469 --> 01:17:35,054
Today, half the world's wealth...
750
01:17:35,139 --> 01:17:39,809
is in the hands of the richest
two percent of the population.
751
01:17:43,480 --> 01:17:45,648
Can such disparities be maintained?
752
01:17:46,817 --> 01:17:48,901
They're the cause
of population movements...
753
01:17:48,986 --> 01:17:52,655
whose scale we have yet
to fully realize.
754
01:17:52,740 --> 01:17:58,411
The city of Lagos had a population
of 700,000 in 1 960.
755
01:17:58,495 --> 01:18:02,749
That will rise to 1 6 million by 2025.
756
01:18:07,755 --> 01:18:11,841
Lagos is one of the fastest-growing
megalopolises in the world.
757
01:18:11,925 --> 01:18:15,511
The new arrivals are mostly
farmers forced off the land...
758
01:18:15,596 --> 01:18:18,181
for economic or demographic reasons,
759
01:18:18,265 --> 01:18:21,059
or because of diminishing resources.
760
01:18:21,143 --> 01:18:23,603
[ Horns Honking ]
761
01:18:27,232 --> 01:18:29,609
This is a radically new
type of urban growth,
762
01:18:29,693 --> 01:18:34,113
driven by the urge to survive
rather than to prosper.
763
01:18:37,618 --> 01:18:40,453
Every week, over a million people...
764
01:18:40,537 --> 01:18:43,706
swell the populations
of the world's cities.
765
01:18:43,791 --> 01:18:46,501
[ Chattering ]
766
01:18:57,179 --> 01:18:59,305
[ Faint Chattering ]
767
01:19:01,266 --> 01:19:04,519
One human being in six
now lives in a precarious,
768
01:19:04,603 --> 01:19:07,188
unhealthy, overpopulated environment,
769
01:19:07,272 --> 01:19:09,357
without access to daily necessities...
770
01:19:09,441 --> 01:19:12,610
such as water,
sanitation or electricity.
771
01:19:44,059 --> 01:19:46,227
Hunger is spreading once more.
772
01:19:46,311 --> 01:19:48,604
It affects nearly one billion people.
773
01:19:48,689 --> 01:19:52,150
[ Squawking, Chirping ]
774
01:20:06,999 --> 01:20:09,333
[ Cawing ]
775
01:20:29,271 --> 01:20:32,023
[ Chattering
In Foreign Language ]
776
01:20:33,859 --> 01:20:38,237
All over the planet, the poorest
scrabble to survive on scraps,
777
01:20:38,322 --> 01:20:42,200
while we continue to dig for resources
that we can no longer live without.
778
01:20:43,702 --> 01:20:45,786
We look farther and farther afield,
779
01:20:45,871 --> 01:20:48,414
in previously unspoilt territory...
780
01:20:48,499 --> 01:20:52,710
and in regions that are
increasingly difficult to exploit.
781
01:21:01,762 --> 01:21:03,721
We're not changing our model.
782
01:21:04,890 --> 01:21:07,558
Oil might run out?
783
01:21:07,643 --> 01:21:12,271
We can still extract oil
from the tar sands of Canada.
784
01:21:12,356 --> 01:21:16,567
The biggest trucks in the world
move thousands of tons of sand.
785
01:21:16,652 --> 01:21:19,111
The process of heating
and separating bitumen...
786
01:21:19,196 --> 01:21:23,324
from the sand requires
millions of cubic meters of water.
787
01:21:24,785 --> 01:21:27,745
Colossal amounts of energy are needed.
788
01:21:27,829 --> 01:21:30,581
The pollution is catastrophic.
789
01:21:32,834 --> 01:21:35,127
The most urgent priority, apparently,
790
01:21:35,212 --> 01:21:38,297
is to pick every pocket of sunlight.
791
01:21:53,605 --> 01:21:56,691
[ Faint Rumbling ]
792
01:22:13,667 --> 01:22:16,836
Our oil tankers are getting
bigger and bigger.
793
01:22:16,920 --> 01:22:20,047
Our energy requirements
are constantly increasing.
794
01:22:20,132 --> 01:22:23,301
We try to power growth
like a bottomless oven...
795
01:22:23,385 --> 01:22:26,137
that demands more and more fuel.
796
01:22:43,030 --> 01:22:44,947
It's all about carbon.
797
01:22:45,032 --> 01:22:48,951
In a few decades, the carbon
that made our atmosphere a furnace,
798
01:22:49,036 --> 01:22:52,163
and that nature captured
over millions of years,
799
01:22:52,247 --> 01:22:54,165
allowing life to develop,
800
01:22:54,249 --> 01:22:56,876
will have largely been
pumped back out.
801
01:22:56,960 --> 01:22:59,503
The atmosphere is heating up.
802
01:23:01,423 --> 01:23:05,885
It would have been inconceivable
for a boat to be here just a few years ago.
803
01:23:09,306 --> 01:23:14,060
Transport, industry,
deforestation, agriculture-
804
01:23:14,144 --> 01:23:18,856
Our activities release gigantic
quantities of carbon dioxide.
805
01:23:18,940 --> 01:23:22,485
Without realizing it,
molecule by molecule,
806
01:23:22,569 --> 01:23:26,072
we have upset the Earth's
climatic balance.
807
01:23:31,119 --> 01:23:33,120
All eyes are on the poles,
808
01:23:34,414 --> 01:23:38,501
where the effects of
global warming are most visible.
809
01:23:38,585 --> 01:23:42,922
It's happening fast- very fast.
810
01:23:43,006 --> 01:23:46,592
The Northwest Passage that connects
America, Europe and Asia...
811
01:23:46,677 --> 01:23:49,178
via the pole is opening up.
812
01:23:49,262 --> 01:23:52,098
The Arctic ice cap is melting.
813
01:23:57,354 --> 01:23:59,522
Under the effect of global warming,
814
01:23:59,606 --> 01:24:04,860
the ice cap has lost 40%
of its thickness in 40 years.
815
01:24:04,945 --> 01:24:09,198
Its surface area in the summer
shrinks year by year.
816
01:24:09,282 --> 01:24:12,535
It could disappear before 2030.
817
01:24:12,619 --> 01:24:15,871
Some predictions suggest 201 5.
818
01:24:15,956 --> 01:24:20,459
Soon these waters will be free of ice
several summer months a year.
819
01:24:35,642 --> 01:24:39,228
The sunbeams that the ice sheet
previously reflected back...
820
01:24:39,312 --> 01:24:42,398
now penetrate the dark water,
heating it up.
821
01:24:42,482 --> 01:24:45,317
The warming process gathers pace.
822
01:24:54,411 --> 01:24:58,330
This ice contains
the records of our planet.
823
01:24:58,415 --> 01:25:00,833
The concentration of carbon dioxide...
824
01:25:00,917 --> 01:25:04,879
hasn't been so high
for several hundred thousand years.
825
01:25:06,173 --> 01:25:10,634
Humanity has never lived
in an atmosphere like this.
826
01:25:21,980 --> 01:25:27,693
Is excessive exploitation
of our resources threatening
the lives of every species?
827
01:25:27,778 --> 01:25:30,946
Climate change accentuates the threat.
828
01:25:31,031 --> 01:25:34,742
By 2050, a quarter
of the Earth's species...
829
01:25:34,826 --> 01:25:38,412
could be threatened with extinction.
830
01:25:38,497 --> 01:25:43,667
In these polar regions,
the balance of nature
has already been disrupted.
831
01:27:29,649 --> 01:27:33,736
Off the coast of Greenland,
there are more and more icebergs.
832
01:28:00,388 --> 01:28:02,848
Around the North Pole,
the ice cap has lost...
833
01:28:02,933 --> 01:28:06,769
30% of its surface area in 30 years.
834
01:28:09,856 --> 01:28:12,358
But as Greenland
rapidly becomes warmer,
835
01:28:12,442 --> 01:28:14,610
the freshwater of a whole continent...
836
01:28:14,694 --> 01:28:18,906
flows into the salt water
of the oceans.
837
01:28:18,990 --> 01:28:24,203
Greenland's ice contains 20%
of the freshwater of the whole planet.
838
01:28:24,287 --> 01:28:28,791
If it melts, sea levels will
rise by nearly seven meters.
839
01:28:43,974 --> 01:28:47,643
[ Faint Rumbling ]
840
01:29:02,075 --> 01:29:04,410
But there is no industry here.
841
01:29:05,745 --> 01:29:08,497
Greenland's ice sheet
suffers from greenhouse gases...
842
01:29:08,581 --> 01:29:11,417
emitted elsewhere on Earth.
843
01:29:11,501 --> 01:29:14,503
Our ecosystem doesn't have borders.
844
01:29:14,587 --> 01:29:19,508
Wherever we are, our actions
have repercussions on the whole Earth.
845
01:29:19,592 --> 01:29:23,512
The atmosphere of our planet
is an indivisible whole.
846
01:29:23,596 --> 01:29:26,432
It is an asset we share.
847
01:29:26,516 --> 01:29:30,894
On Greenland's surface,
lakes are appearing on the landscape.
848
01:29:30,979 --> 01:29:33,188
The ice cap has begun
to melt at a speed...
849
01:29:33,273 --> 01:29:38,110
that even the most pessimistic
scientists did not envision
1 0 years ago.
850
01:29:47,579 --> 01:29:50,539
More and more
of these glacier-fed rivers...
851
01:29:50,623 --> 01:29:54,585
are merging together
and burrowing through the surface.
852
01:29:54,669 --> 01:29:58,714
It was thought the water would freeze
in the depths of the ice.
853
01:29:58,798 --> 01:30:01,842
On the contrary,
it flows under the ice,
854
01:30:01,926 --> 01:30:03,886
carrying the ice sheet into the sea,
855
01:30:03,970 --> 01:30:05,929
where it breaks into icebergs.
856
01:30:48,681 --> 01:30:50,933
As the freshwater
of Greenland's ice sheet...
857
01:30:51,017 --> 01:30:54,103
gradually seeps into
the salt water of the oceans,
858
01:30:54,187 --> 01:30:57,856
low-lying lands
around the globe are threatened.
859
01:31:07,117 --> 01:31:09,493
Sea levels are rising.
860
01:31:09,577 --> 01:31:12,579
Water expanding
as it gets warmer caused,
861
01:31:12,664 --> 01:31:17,126
in the 20th century alone,
a rise of 20 centimeters.
862
01:31:17,210 --> 01:31:20,420
Everything becomes unstable.
863
01:31:20,505 --> 01:31:24,091
Coral reefs, for example,
are extremely sensitive...
864
01:31:24,175 --> 01:31:26,593
to the slightest change
in water temperature.
865
01:31:26,678 --> 01:31:29,096
Thirty percent have disappeared.
866
01:31:29,180 --> 01:31:32,349
They are an essential link
in the chain of species.
867
01:31:47,824 --> 01:31:52,452
In the atmosphere,
the major wind streams
are changing direction.
868
01:31:52,537 --> 01:31:54,830
Rain cycles are altered.
869
01:31:54,914 --> 01:31:58,542
The geography of climates is modified.
870
01:31:58,626 --> 01:32:01,670
The inhabitants of low-lying
islands here in the Maldives,
871
01:32:01,754 --> 01:32:03,672
for example, are on the front line.
872
01:32:03,756 --> 01:32:06,216
They are increasingly concerned.
873
01:32:06,301 --> 01:32:09,219
Some are already looking
for new, more hospitable lands.
874
01:32:16,269 --> 01:32:20,189
If sea levels continue
to rise faster and faster,
875
01:32:20,273 --> 01:32:22,399
what will major cities like Tokyo,
876
01:32:22,483 --> 01:32:25,569
the world's most populous city, do?
877
01:32:25,653 --> 01:32:29,698
Every year, scientists' predictions
become more and more alarming.
878
01:32:29,782 --> 01:32:34,912
Seventy percent of the world's
population lives on coastal plains.
879
01:32:34,996 --> 01:32:41,168
Eleven of the 1 5 biggest cities
stand on a coastline or river estuary.
880
01:32:41,252 --> 01:32:44,379
As the seas rise,
salt will invade the water table,
881
01:32:44,464 --> 01:32:47,633
depriving inhabitants
of drinking water.
882
01:33:02,315 --> 01:33:04,900
Migratory phenomena are inevitable.
883
01:33:04,984 --> 01:33:08,320
The only uncertainty
concerns their scale.
884
01:33:34,389 --> 01:33:36,306
dd [ Woman Vocalizing ]
885
01:33:36,391 --> 01:33:41,144
In Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro
is unrecognizable.
886
01:33:41,229 --> 01:33:44,147
Eighty percent of its
glaciers have disappeared.
887
01:33:44,232 --> 01:33:46,942
In summer, the rivers no longer flow.
888
01:33:47,026 --> 01:33:50,028
Local peoples are affected
by the lack of water.
889
01:33:51,698 --> 01:33:55,575
Even on the world's highest peaks,
in the heart of the Himalayas,
890
01:33:55,660 --> 01:33:58,287
eternal snows and glaciers
are receding.
891
01:33:58,371 --> 01:34:00,914
dd [ Vocalizing Continues ]
892
01:34:02,458 --> 01:34:06,336
Yet these glaciers play
an essential role in the water cycle.
893
01:34:06,421 --> 01:34:09,339
They trap the water
from the monsoons as ice...
894
01:34:09,424 --> 01:34:12,592
and release it in the summer
when the snow melts.
895
01:34:23,980 --> 01:34:28,400
The glaciers of the Himalayas
are the source
of all the great Asian rivers-
896
01:34:28,484 --> 01:34:32,738
the Indus, Ganges,
Mekong, Yangtze Kiang.
897
01:34:32,822 --> 01:34:36,742
Two billion people
depend on them for drinking water...
898
01:34:36,826 --> 01:34:40,454
and to irrigate their crops,
as in Bangladesh.
899
01:34:45,543 --> 01:34:48,837
On the delta of the Ganges
and Brahmaputra,
900
01:34:48,921 --> 01:34:52,049
Bangladesh is directly
affected by the phenomena...
901
01:34:52,133 --> 01:34:55,260
occurring in the Himalayas
and at sea level.
902
01:34:55,345 --> 01:34:59,264
This is one of the most populous
and poorest countries in the world.
903
01:34:59,349 --> 01:35:01,558
It is already hit by global warming.
904
01:35:01,642 --> 01:35:06,480
The combined impact of increasingly
dramatic floods and hurricanes...
905
01:35:06,564 --> 01:35:09,399
could make a third
of its landmass disappear.
906
01:35:09,484 --> 01:35:13,070
When populations are subjected
to these devastating phenomena,
907
01:35:13,154 --> 01:35:15,447
they eventually move away.
908
01:35:22,121 --> 01:35:24,456
Wealthy countries will not be spared.
909
01:35:24,540 --> 01:35:27,542
Droughts are occurring
all over the planet.
910
01:35:27,627 --> 01:35:31,963
In Australia,
half of farmland is already affected.
911
01:36:17,051 --> 01:36:21,221
We are in the process
of compromising the climatic balance...
912
01:36:21,305 --> 01:36:25,642
that has allowed us
to develop over 1 2,000 years.
913
01:36:35,528 --> 01:36:39,739
More and more wildfires
encroach on major cities.
914
01:36:39,824 --> 01:36:43,243
In turn, they exacerbate
global warming.
915
01:36:43,327 --> 01:36:47,539
As the trees burn,
they release carbon dioxide.
916
01:36:47,623 --> 01:36:52,461
The system that controls our climate
has been severely disrupted.
917
01:36:52,545 --> 01:36:56,715
The elements on which it relies
have been disrupted.
918
01:37:52,438 --> 01:37:57,317
The clock of climate change is ticking
in these magnificent landscapes.
919
01:37:58,778 --> 01:38:02,447
Here in Siberia
and elsewhere across the globe,
920
01:38:02,532 --> 01:38:06,743
it is so cold that the ground
is constantly frozen.
921
01:38:06,827 --> 01:38:09,162
It's known as permafrost.
922
01:38:23,261 --> 01:38:27,889
Under its surface lies
a climatic time bomb: methane,
923
01:38:27,974 --> 01:38:33,228
a greenhouse gas 20 times
more powerful than carbon dioxide.
924
01:38:33,312 --> 01:38:36,022
If the permafrost melts,
the methane released...
925
01:38:36,107 --> 01:38:39,818
would cause the greenhouse effect
to race out of control,
926
01:38:39,902 --> 01:38:42,737
with consequences no one can predict.
927
01:38:42,822 --> 01:38:46,658
We would literally be
in unknown territory.
928
01:39:09,056 --> 01:39:13,101
Humanity has no more than 1 0 years
to reverse the trend...
929
01:39:13,185 --> 01:39:16,187
and avoid crossing
into this territory�
930
01:39:16,272 --> 01:39:18,607
life on Earth
as we have never known it.
931
01:39:31,287 --> 01:39:33,997
[ Woman Exhales Deeply ]
932
01:39:51,223 --> 01:39:54,976
We have created phenomena
we cannot control.
933
01:39:55,061 --> 01:40:01,399
Since our origins, water, air
and forms of life are intimately linked.
934
01:40:01,484 --> 01:40:05,820
But recently,
we have broken those links.
935
01:40:05,905 --> 01:40:08,406
Let's face the facts.
936
01:40:08,491 --> 01:40:11,576
We must believe what we know.
937
01:40:11,661 --> 01:40:16,831
All that we have just seen
is a reflection of human behavior.
938
01:40:16,916 --> 01:40:20,752
We have shaped the Earth in our image.
939
01:40:20,836 --> 01:40:24,172
We have very little time to change.
940
01:40:24,256 --> 01:40:28,760
How can this century carry the burden
of nine billion human beings...
941
01:40:28,844 --> 01:40:31,763
if we refuse to be called
to account...
942
01:40:31,847 --> 01:40:34,683
for everything we alone have done?
943
01:40:44,360 --> 01:40:47,362
dd [ Woman Singing
In Foreign Language ]
944
01:44:12,651 --> 01:44:14,652
dd [ Singing Ends ]
945
01:44:25,164 --> 01:44:27,165
[ Faint Rumbling ]
946
01:44:31,337 --> 01:44:33,588
The cost of our actions is high.
947
01:44:33,672 --> 01:44:37,425
Others pay the price without
having been actively involved.
948
01:44:37,509 --> 01:44:40,720
I have seen refugee camps
as big as cities,
949
01:44:40,804 --> 01:44:42,931
sprawling in the desert.
950
01:44:43,015 --> 01:44:45,725
How many men, women and children...
951
01:44:45,809 --> 01:44:47,769
will be left by the wayside tomorrow?
952
01:44:47,853 --> 01:44:50,521
[ Faint Chattering ]
953
01:44:51,690 --> 01:44:53,608
Must we always build walls...
954
01:44:53,692 --> 01:44:55,777
to break the chain
of human solidarity,
955
01:44:55,861 --> 01:45:01,783
separate peoples
and protect the happiness of some
from the misery of others?
956
01:45:01,867 --> 01:45:04,494
It's too late to be a pessimist.
957
01:45:04,578 --> 01:45:08,206
I know that a single human
can knock down every wall.
958
01:45:08,290 --> 01:45:10,875
It's too late to be a pessimist.
959
01:45:10,960 --> 01:45:15,213
Worldwide, four children
out of five attend school.
960
01:45:15,297 --> 01:45:18,466
Never has learning been given
to so many human beings.
961
01:45:18,550 --> 01:45:23,054
Everyone, from richest to poorest,
can make a contribution.
962
01:45:23,138 --> 01:45:25,890
Lesotho, one of the world's
poorest countries,
963
01:45:25,975 --> 01:45:30,728
is proportionally the one that invests
most in its people's education.
964
01:45:30,813 --> 01:45:33,398
Qatar, one of the world's
richest states,
965
01:45:33,482 --> 01:45:36,401
has opened its doors
to the best universities.
966
01:45:36,485 --> 01:45:42,240
Culture, education, research
and innovation are
inexhaustible resources.
967
01:45:42,324 --> 01:45:45,034
In the face of misery and suffering,
968
01:45:45,119 --> 01:45:48,746
millions of N.G.O.'s prove
that solidarity between peoples...
969
01:45:48,831 --> 01:45:52,125
is stronger than
the selfishness of nations.
970
01:45:52,209 --> 01:45:55,294
In Bangladesh, a man
thought the unthinkable...
971
01:45:55,379 --> 01:45:58,423
and founded a bank
that lends only to the poor.
972
01:45:58,507 --> 01:46:01,259
In barely 30 years,
it has changed the lives...
973
01:46:01,343 --> 01:46:04,971
of 1 50 million people
around the world.
974
01:46:06,932 --> 01:46:10,518
Antarctica is a continent
with immense natural resources...
975
01:46:10,602 --> 01:46:12,937
that no country can claim for itself,
976
01:46:13,022 --> 01:46:16,691
a natural reserve devoted
to peace and science.
977
01:46:16,775 --> 01:46:21,738
A treaty signed by 49 states
has made it a treasure
shared by all humanity.
978
01:46:22,948 --> 01:46:24,866
It's too late to be a pessimist.
979
01:46:24,950 --> 01:46:29,787
Governments have acted
to protect nearly two percent
of the world's territorial waters.
980
01:46:29,872 --> 01:46:32,832
It's not much,
but it's two times more
than 1 0 years ago.
981
01:46:32,916 --> 01:46:37,336
The first natural parks were created
just over a century ago.
982
01:46:37,421 --> 01:46:40,548
They cover over 1 3% of the continents.
983
01:46:40,632 --> 01:46:43,301
They create spaces where
human activity is in step...
984
01:46:43,385 --> 01:46:47,555
with the preservation
of species, soils and landscapes.
985
01:46:47,639 --> 01:46:52,060
This harmony between humans
and nature can become the rule,
986
01:46:52,144 --> 01:46:54,062
no longer the exception.
987
01:46:54,146 --> 01:46:58,232
In the United States,
New York has realized
that nature does for us.
988
01:46:58,317 --> 01:47:02,320
These forests and lakes supply
all the drinking water the city needs.
989
01:47:07,159 --> 01:47:11,204
In South Korea, the forests
have been devastated by war.
990
01:47:11,288 --> 01:47:14,207
Thanks to a national
reforestation program,
991
01:47:14,291 --> 01:47:17,376
they once more
cover 65% of the country.
992
01:47:17,461 --> 01:47:21,589
More than 75% of paper is recycled.
993
01:47:21,673 --> 01:47:26,969
Costa Rica has made a choice
between military spending
and the conservation of its lands.
994
01:47:27,054 --> 01:47:28,971
The country no longer has an army.
995
01:47:29,056 --> 01:47:32,391
It prefers to devote its resources
to education, ecotourism...
996
01:47:32,476 --> 01:47:35,394
and the protection
of its primary forest.
997
01:47:35,479 --> 01:47:38,564
Gabon is one of the world's
leading producers of wood.
998
01:47:38,649 --> 01:47:40,900
It enforces selective logging�
999
01:47:40,984 --> 01:47:43,569
not more than one tree every hectare.
1000
01:47:43,654 --> 01:47:47,240
Its forests are one of the country's
most important economic resources,
1001
01:47:47,324 --> 01:47:50,118
but they have the time to regenerate.
1002
01:47:50,202 --> 01:47:54,580
Programs exist that guarantee
sustainable forest management.
1003
01:47:54,665 --> 01:47:56,999
They must become mandatory.
1004
01:48:01,004 --> 01:48:03,089
For consumers and producers,
1005
01:48:03,173 --> 01:48:05,842
justice is an opportunity
to be seized.
1006
01:48:05,926 --> 01:48:09,595
When trade is fair,
when both buyer and seller benefit,
1007
01:48:09,680 --> 01:48:12,557
everybody can prosper
and earn a decent living.
1008
01:48:20,023 --> 01:48:22,066
How can there be justice and equity...
1009
01:48:22,151 --> 01:48:25,153
between people whose only tools
are their hands...
1010
01:48:25,237 --> 01:48:29,907
and those who harvest their crops
with a machine and state subsidies?
1011
01:48:36,415 --> 01:48:38,875
Let's be responsible consumers.
1012
01:48:38,959 --> 01:48:41,127
Think about what we buy.
1013
01:48:42,963 --> 01:48:45,715
It's too late to be a pessimist.
1014
01:48:45,799 --> 01:48:48,134
I have seen agriculture
on a human scale.
1015
01:48:48,218 --> 01:48:53,264
It can feed the whole planet
if meat production doesn't take
the food out of people's mouths.
1016
01:48:53,348 --> 01:48:57,351
I have seen fishermen
who take care what they catch...
1017
01:48:57,436 --> 01:48:59,896
and care for the riches of the ocean.
1018
01:49:01,106 --> 01:49:04,025
I have seen houses
producing their own energy.
1019
01:49:04,109 --> 01:49:08,196
5,000 people live in the world's
first ever eco-friendly district,
1020
01:49:08,280 --> 01:49:10,198
in Freiburg, Germany.
1021
01:49:10,282 --> 01:49:12,241
Other cities partner the project.
1022
01:49:12,326 --> 01:49:15,494
Mumbai is the thousandth to join them.
1023
01:49:18,457 --> 01:49:22,376
The governments of New Zealand,
Iceland, Austria, Sweden...
1024
01:49:22,461 --> 01:49:24,712
and other nations
have made the development...
1025
01:49:24,796 --> 01:49:28,090
of renewable energy sources
a top priority.
1026
01:49:28,175 --> 01:49:31,886
I know that 80% of the energy
we consume...
1027
01:49:31,970 --> 01:49:34,222
comes from fossil energy sources.
1028
01:49:34,306 --> 01:49:39,560
Every week, two new
coal-fired generating plants
are built in China alone.
1029
01:49:39,645 --> 01:49:42,230
But I have also seen, in Denmark,
1030
01:49:42,314 --> 01:49:44,899
a prototype of a coal-fired plant...
1031
01:49:44,983 --> 01:49:48,736
that releases its carbon
into the soil rather than the air.
1032
01:49:48,820 --> 01:49:51,447
A solution for the future?
Nobody knows yet.
1033
01:49:52,658 --> 01:49:54,575
I have seen, in Iceland,
1034
01:49:54,660 --> 01:49:59,455
an electricity plant powered
by the Earth's heat� geothermal power.
1035
01:49:59,539 --> 01:50:02,583
I have seen a sea snake
lying on the swell...
1036
01:50:02,668 --> 01:50:06,837
to absorb the energy of the waves
and produce electricity.
1037
01:50:11,009 --> 01:50:13,970
I have seen wind farms
off the coast of Denmark...
1038
01:50:14,054 --> 01:50:17,765
that produce 20%
of the country's electricity.
1039
01:50:17,849 --> 01:50:21,811
The U.S.A., China, India,
Germany and Spain...
1040
01:50:21,895 --> 01:50:25,106
are the biggest investors
in renewable energy.
1041
01:50:25,190 --> 01:50:29,026
They have already created over
two and a half million jobs.
1042
01:50:29,111 --> 01:50:32,530
Where on Earth doesn't the wind blow?
1043
01:50:34,074 --> 01:50:39,453
I have seen desert expanses
baking in the sun.
1044
01:50:39,538 --> 01:50:41,622
Everything on Earth is linked,
1045
01:50:41,707 --> 01:50:46,127
and the Earth is linked to the sun,
its original energy source.
1046
01:50:46,211 --> 01:50:50,006
Can humans not imitate plants
and capture its energy?
1047
01:50:50,090 --> 01:50:53,175
In one hour,
the sun gives the Earth...
1048
01:50:53,260 --> 01:50:58,806
the same amount of energy
as that consumed
by all humanity in one year.
1049
01:50:58,890 --> 01:51:03,728
As long as the Earth exists,
the sun's energy will be inexhaustible.
1050
01:51:03,812 --> 01:51:08,316
All we have to do is stop drilling
the Earth and start looking to the sky.
1051
01:51:08,400 --> 01:51:11,736
All we have to do
is learn to cultivate the sun.
1052
01:51:11,820 --> 01:51:17,366
All these experiments
are only examples,
but they testify to a new awareness.
1053
01:51:17,451 --> 01:51:20,911
They lay down markers
for a new human adventure...
1054
01:51:20,996 --> 01:51:25,249
based on moderation,
intelligence and sharing.
1055
01:51:32,341 --> 01:51:34,675
dd [ Woman Vocalizing ]
1056
01:51:41,016 --> 01:51:43,768
It's time to come together.
1057
01:51:43,852 --> 01:51:49,273
What's important is not what's gone,
but what remains.
1058
01:51:49,358 --> 01:51:52,276
We still have
half the world's forests,
1059
01:51:52,361 --> 01:51:54,945
thousands of rivers,
lakes and glaciers...
1060
01:51:55,030 --> 01:51:57,114
and thousands of thriving species.
1061
01:51:57,199 --> 01:52:00,368
dd [ Vocalizing Continues ]
1062
01:52:01,745 --> 01:52:05,539
We know that the solutions
are there today.
1063
01:52:05,624 --> 01:52:08,125
We all have the power to change.
1064
01:52:10,128 --> 01:52:12,797
So what are we waiting for?
1065
01:52:14,424 --> 01:52:17,635
dd [ Woman Singing
In Foreign Language ]
1066
01:52:50,001 --> 01:52:52,503
dd [ Ends ]
1067
01:53:27,330 --> 01:53:29,373
[ Wind Whistling Softly ]
1068
01:56:45,779 --> 01:56:49,907
dd [ Woman Vocalizing ]
1069
01:56:55,163 --> 01:56:58,415
dd [ Vocalizing Continues ]
1070
01:57:54,139 --> 01:57:56,473
dd [ Ends ]
89885
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