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>> Is something broken?
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Did I click on a new nugget
and I'm sitting here?
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This isn't-- this isn't the title slide.
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There's no learning goal.
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There's no witty story from
Jeremy to start it off.
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That-- that's right.
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We're crazy here at CBT Nuggets.
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We're going to start nuggets a
little differently this time.
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We're going to start right here where we
left off in the last nugget which is OSPF.
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Yes, in the last nugget.
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I tried to cram it all together,
routing protocols
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and OSPF all in one manageable sitting.
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It's just not possible.
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Don't do it.
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We're starting OSPF a little
different this time.
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Now, the fact that we're even talking
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about OSPF is a radical change
from previous editions of CCNA.
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If you've-- if you've heard some,
if you've been in the CCNA realm,
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you know that we always learn RIP first.
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And-- and I've been teaching it that way for
so long it almost escaped me how-- how silly.
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It's like-- it's like now that
I-- now that I look back I'm like,
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does anyone really realize how
irrelevant RIP is to the world.
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But my father had to learn it and his father
had to learn it, so you'll learn it too.
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Well, not anymore.
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RIP is done.
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Rest in peace, that just came
to me, rest in peace, RIP.
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You are now replaced by OSPF.
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Now does that mean RIP as a protocol is gone?
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No, it's still out there.
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The beauty and the reason that-- the
reason we've learned it for so long is
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that it's the simplest of all routing protocols.
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But the fact is you walk out of your door
right now and walk in any network in the world
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and chances are very good it's
not going to be running RIP.
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If it is, e-mail me.
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I want to hear from you.
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But-- but most of the-- most of the
networks of the world run on OSPF,
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most popular routing protocol in the world.
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Now the reason it was in CCNA is
because this was the simplest.
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But somebody sat down and
sharpened their pen and said,
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you know what, OSPF is just a little bit more.
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I mean it's not that much more
to understand the foundations.
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Now keep in mind, OSPF.
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Think of it-- think of-- I got a little
beach here, a little beach umbrella,
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some people on a lawn chair
sitting, the waves coming in.
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And you got all this sand on the beach, right?
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And then sitting on that sand is a bucket.
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Looks like a large bucket in
perspective of that person, but it's not.
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It's full of sand because all this
sand represents OSPF in all its glory.
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And you're going to learn what's in that bucket.
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You're not going to learn all
of it but you will learn enough
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that you'll be proficient with OSPF.
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You'll be able to recognize the configuration.
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You'll be able to set it up
yourself and get it running.
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You'll be able to hold your own with OSPF.
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That's what my goal is.
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Before we dive into how to get OSPF
working, I want to take a step back,
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big picture, what's OSPF do again?
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It lets our routers talk about what
they think is most interesting.
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Router one is going to talk to
router two about everything it knows.
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And it knows things that it's plugged into.
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It knows about the 192.168.1 network.
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Why? Because you as an administrator
configured it in that network,
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so it knows, hey, I'm plugged in there.
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And I know I'm plugged into 192.168.2.0 network.
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Why? Because you configured it to know that.
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So it then talks to router two and
says, hey, I know about 2.0 and 1.0
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and router two says, that's
great I knew about 2.0.
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This is our common ground.
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This is where we talk about, so
yeah that's great, I'll just,
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you know, FYI, you know, whatever.
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But I didn't know about 192.168.1.0,
ooh, that's news.
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I'm adding that to my routing table
and I'm going to use you, router one,
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I'm now talking as router two, playing the role.
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I'm going to use you, router
one, as my next hop to get there
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because you told me about
it, that just makes sense.
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And router two says, and by the way,
there might be something you want
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to know about I know about 192.168.3.0.
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I just-- just got out of that
conversation with my kids.
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They love-- I love this suspense
that kids have when you--
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when you talk to them and I'm
like guess what, guess what.
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And they're like, what, what, what?
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We're going to go to Dairy Queen and
they're like, "Oh, Dairy Queen, ice cream!
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Yehey!" You know it's like that's--
routers go through that all the time.
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He's like, hey, I know about 192.168.3.0
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and router one is like, yehey,
I never knew about that.
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I'm adding it to my routing table.
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Now, I have a way to get there.
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Way, which way?
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You, router two, 'cause you told me about it.
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So that's how they inform each other.
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Now-- now let's dig a little bit deeper.
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That's routing protocols and
all routing protocols do that.
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That's their goal.
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How does OSPF do it that's a
little different than say RIP?
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Well, OSPF uses something
known as a Hello packet.
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Oh, so different than RIP.
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See RIP never really forms a relationship.
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It's just a bunch of passerby
screaming information out.
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If these guys are running RIP, you know,
router one and router two are just yelling.
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They don't really care who gets in there.
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They're just sending a big broadcast or
multicast message saying, "Hey, everybody,
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I know about this, this and this and this."
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There's no-- there's no acknowledgement
that anybody got that.
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They don't really follow up with that to make
sure the information was received in any way.
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They just broadcast it out
and hope it gets there.
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Now, OSPF is much more methodical than that.
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OSPF says from router one's
perspective the very,
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very first thing he sends out is a Hello packet.
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And they should have called it a Hello
package because it really contains all kinds
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of interesting information about router one.
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It contains for instance a series of timers
like router one inside of this Hello package,
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you know, when router two opens it up he's going
to see a little piece of paper that says, hey,
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you know what, I say hello once every 10
seconds and I have a dead timer of 40 seconds.
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What's that mean to router two?
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That means I can expect that router one is
going to be like, hey man, every 10 seconds just
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to make sure that I'm online, that I'm
available and I can also hear from router--
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router one that he's available
once every 10 seconds.
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Same thing if he doesn't hear from somebody--
if he doesn't hear from a friend and neighbor
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in 40 seconds, then he's going
to consider that neighbor dead.
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So router two now knows, okay, when speaking to
router one, I know if he doesn't hear from me
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in 40 seconds, he's going to
consider me offline and he's going
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to mark all of my networks unreachable.
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Now, the reason that this is a big deal is
OSPF is very picky about its relationships.
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If the timers don't match, if router one
is saying hello once every 10 seconds
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and router two is like I'm a speedy
router, I say hello once every second.
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Hello, hello, hello, hello, hello.
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If he's-- if he is that way, they're not
going to form a neighbor relationships.
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Timers must match.
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The area that they're configured in must match.
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And you might say, well, what's an area?
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And that's part of the buckets
of the sand of the seashore
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that we're not really going
to talk too much about.
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But let me give you the high level view.
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OSPF allows you to break your network
up into kind of groups of networks.
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So here's the idea, right?
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All networks start really
small, maybe it's two offices.
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Over here is an office in Minnesota or
Michigan 'cause I don't know the abbreviation
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for Minnesota.
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And then over here is an office in Texas, right?
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And that's just where the business begins.
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And then it kind of grows from there.
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It grows, you know, you add more offices and
more offices and you get to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,
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60 offices, it's starting to
get a little chaotic, right?
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You've got all of these different
routers that are connected together
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and your routing table is getting bigger
and bigger and bigger and bigger and bigger.
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And here is the fact, the bigger your
routing table, the slower your router.
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So our goal as a network administrator is to
say, I want to keep my routing table small,
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and areas is what help us do that.
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See, as I grow this, I eventually can say, okay,
I'm going to break this whole group of routers
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into an area and we'll call it area zero.
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Now area zero happens to be very special.
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It's the very first area
that you create with OSPF.
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As a matter of fact, you can't run OSPF.
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You can't get OSPF working
without designating an area.
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And for what we're going to talk
about, everything will be in area zero.
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Now how big can area zero grow?
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However big you want it to, 50 routers,
100 routers, a thousand routers.
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Sure, you can do that.
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But as-- as the area grows bigger and bigger and
bigger, eventually you're going to reach a point
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where you're like, ah, it's too big.
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Our routers are running out of memory.
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They're slowing down.
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There's too many-- too many
changes like a network goes down
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and everybody is like, oh,
I have to know about that.
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And all these-- these updates flood my network.
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You reach a point where it just gets too big.
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Now, I will say big in terms of today
like 2013 is much different than big
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as it was in 2005, and big in 1993.
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And I mean big that that term changes
because our routers are beefier.
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They got more memory, more process and all that.
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But eventually, you go, what's an area.
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So an area is where you say, okay, at
this office I want to add a dividing line.
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I want to break this into area one.
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And now I have a whole section
of routers down here.
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Okay, you say.
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And, you know, I don't know.
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Over here is area two.
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Let's add a couple, why not while we're at it.
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Area two, and here's a bunch of routers.
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Okay, what does that mean?
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What does that do?
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Areas, and this is-- this
is huge, huge concepts.
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Hang with me.
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Areas represent a point of summarization.
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It's a point where you're
able to summarize entries
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in your routing table down to a bigger network.
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Let me give you an example.
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Let's say up here I have,
you know-- and sometimes we--
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we draw these pictures of routers connected to
routers and you lose kind of the perspective.
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And think of each one of those
little circles as an office.
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Like this is-- this is the Texas office, right?
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And over here is 10.1.1.0/24, right?
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We got that network.
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And then over here is the-- the Michigan
office and they've got 10.1.2.0/24.
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And then-- and then over here is the
California office and they've got 10.1.3.0/24.
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Are you seeing the theme, right?
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Each one of these offices,
this one might be 4.0.
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This one might be 5.0.
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The point is they all start with 10.1.
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00:10:17,006 --> 00:10:20,846
So when we hit this area
boundary we now have a choice.
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Do we advertise all of those networks to
where down here this router now knows, okay,
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10.1.1.0 is up here and 10.1.2 and
10.1.3 and I've got all these entries
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in my routing-- my routing table.
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And my router is running
slow 'cause I have all these.
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Do we do that or do we make a move?
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I would say we make a move.
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And we call that summarization to where we
take all those 10.1 networks and we say instead
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of taking all the individual networks and
advertising them down here, let's just do this.
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Let's just say I've got 10.1.0.0/16.
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Can he do that?
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Yup, we can do that.
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I'm a little weird today.
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I'm in one of those weird moods.
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So-- so what that does is now suppress
all of these individual update.
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So, now this router in his
[inaudible] I mean I drew five.
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But imagine that was 50 or 500 routers.
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Let's go crazy, right?
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This guy, instead of having 500 routes,
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and I guess we can't really
get 500 routes out of that.
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Let's just say 200.
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How's that?
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Instead of having 200 routes in his
routing table, he's going to have one.
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He's going to know 10.1.
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anything slash 16, right?
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00:11:37,166 --> 00:11:40,216
That means these two are the significant digits.
226
00:11:40,216 --> 00:11:43,926
10.1. anything is up there, right?
227
00:11:44,066 --> 00:11:46,546
And now I've suppressed all
those more specific things.
228
00:11:46,546 --> 00:11:48,116
One, number one, two things it does.
229
00:11:48,116 --> 00:11:53,006
Number one makes our routing table much
smaller, meaning our routers become much faster,
230
00:11:53,006 --> 00:11:55,256
much more efficient at what they do.
231
00:11:55,406 --> 00:11:58,346
Number two is it hides problems.
232
00:11:58,746 --> 00:12:02,846
See here's the deal with OSPF,
everything in an area has
233
00:12:02,846 --> 00:12:04,516
to know what's-- what each other is doing.
234
00:12:04,516 --> 00:12:08,466
Like if a network goes down over here,
everybody in that area has to know about it.
235
00:12:08,466 --> 00:12:11,316
And it comes up, okay, everybody
in the area has to know about it.
236
00:12:11,316 --> 00:12:12,696
It's the rule of OSPF.
237
00:12:12,696 --> 00:12:17,526
Everybody in an area must be synchronized,
like they all know the same stuff.
238
00:12:17,526 --> 00:12:20,616
Well, that's a problem when we start
spanning this is-- this is our--
239
00:12:20,616 --> 00:12:26,446
our WAN connection from the United
States over to India, right?
240
00:12:26,446 --> 00:12:29,326
We-- we have tech support offices in India.
241
00:12:29,686 --> 00:12:31,386
And we have this WAN link going over that.
242
00:12:31,386 --> 00:12:35,586
I don't-- I don't want to flood that LAN link
'cause it's slow with unnecessary information.
243
00:12:35,586 --> 00:12:37,166
So let's-- let's summarize.
244
00:12:37,166 --> 00:12:40,776
So when this network goes down,
everybody knows about it up to here.
245
00:12:41,716 --> 00:12:43,236
So, what that does that mean?
246
00:12:43,236 --> 00:12:46,706
Do they not know that the
10.1.1 network is down?
247
00:12:47,126 --> 00:12:48,146
That's correct, they don't.
248
00:12:48,236 --> 00:12:52,756
They don't know it's down at all and that's okay
because when they started sending information,
249
00:12:52,946 --> 00:12:58,186
it's going to go right here, this router, and
he's going to be like, oh, sorry man, it's down.
250
00:12:58,626 --> 00:12:59,976
You know, drop, drop, drop, drop, drop.
251
00:12:59,976 --> 00:13:00,996
So it drops all the packets.
252
00:13:00,996 --> 00:13:02,326
And so communication won't happen.
253
00:13:02,326 --> 00:13:05,786
And that's okay, we want to be able
to high-- I mean, think about it.
254
00:13:05,786 --> 00:13:09,676
Are there-- are there-- like did the network
on the internet just go down right now?
255
00:13:10,126 --> 00:13:11,526
Yes. Did it come up right now?
256
00:13:11,586 --> 00:13:15,526
Yes. There are thousands and thousands of
networks on the internet going down and going
257
00:13:15,526 --> 00:13:18,626
up every minute that we sit here and talk.
258
00:13:19,016 --> 00:13:20,286
We don't have to know about it.
259
00:13:20,286 --> 00:13:21,686
Our routers don't have to know about it.
260
00:13:21,686 --> 00:13:25,026
They just send it as far as it can
get and then it's like, oh sorry,
261
00:13:25,356 --> 00:13:28,496
microsoft.com is down, if that were to happen.
262
00:13:28,496 --> 00:13:31,146
So, that's what an area is.
263
00:13:31,366 --> 00:13:33,986
But we're not going to talk about that, right?
264
00:13:33,986 --> 00:13:36,266
Areas in summarization and that--
265
00:13:36,366 --> 00:13:43,656
that configuration, that's what you do when
you go beyond this-- this sand bucket of OSPF.
266
00:13:43,656 --> 00:13:46,666
But the key is that area has to match.
267
00:13:46,666 --> 00:13:51,356
These guys have to be-- I have to be let's
say an area zero on both of these routers
268
00:13:51,356 --> 00:13:53,166
or else we won't form neighbor relationship.
269
00:13:53,346 --> 00:13:57,206
We have to have matched authentication,
like if I have a pass code.
270
00:13:57,456 --> 00:14:03,806
Like I will only be your-- your OSPF
neighbor if you have the key Cisco, right?
271
00:14:03,806 --> 00:14:07,946
And both of these have the same
key that has to match between that.
272
00:14:07,946 --> 00:14:11,406
You can define a password that way
you don't have evil routers coming in
273
00:14:11,406 --> 00:14:13,346
or computers pretending to be routers.
274
00:14:13,346 --> 00:14:16,856
They have those coming in and trying to
form a neighbor relationship with you.
275
00:14:17,376 --> 00:14:19,416
And lastly, they have to
have the same subnet mask.
276
00:14:19,416 --> 00:14:21,186
You can't have, you know, slash 24 here
277
00:14:21,186 --> 00:14:23,156
and maybe he's got a slash
16 or something over here.
278
00:14:23,326 --> 00:14:25,036
They're going to be like, oh,
we're not going to do that.
279
00:14:25,036 --> 00:14:25,966
We're not going to form neighbors.
280
00:14:25,966 --> 00:14:31,526
Now if all of these things match up,
then the Hello is accepted on both sides,
281
00:14:31,526 --> 00:14:34,026
and they will become a full
neighbor relationship,
282
00:14:34,026 --> 00:14:35,796
meaning they will start exchanging routes.
283
00:14:36,956 --> 00:14:41,966
Okay, so let's take that and now
go into how to get OSPF working.
284
00:14:41,966 --> 00:14:45,206
And just starting off with
a very basic scenario.
285
00:14:45,416 --> 00:14:47,326
We've got two routers, right?
286
00:14:47,326 --> 00:14:50,446
Each one is connected to a network
that the other doesn't know about,
287
00:14:50,446 --> 00:14:52,206
so we're not going to be able to reach it.
288
00:14:52,206 --> 00:14:58,016
Like router one over here is not going to be
able to reach router two's 192.168.3 network
289
00:14:58,016 --> 00:14:59,086
because we have nothing in place to allow that.
290
00:14:59,086 --> 00:14:59,776
Let's prove that.
291
00:14:59,776 --> 00:15:01,136
I'm going to go to GNS3.
292
00:15:01,216 --> 00:15:05,796
Let's just right click on router one
and open a console connection to it.
293
00:15:05,796 --> 00:15:07,186
And so I've got router one.
294
00:15:07,186 --> 00:15:10,876
Let's first off get our bearings, you
know, see if I can squeeze this over here.
295
00:15:11,426 --> 00:15:12,476
Let's get our bearings.
296
00:15:12,476 --> 00:15:14,426
Always show IP interface brief.
297
00:15:14,426 --> 00:15:16,646
My favorite command to just
say, okay, what's what.
298
00:15:16,856 --> 00:15:18,766
And I can say right here
I've got a serial connection,
299
00:15:18,766 --> 00:15:28,196
192.168.2.1 lines with what I
see there on my network diagram.
300
00:15:28,196 --> 00:15:37,366
I have 192.168.1.1 which is
the LAN network over here.
301
00:15:37,366 --> 00:15:38,736
Now that all looks good.
302
00:15:38,736 --> 00:15:40,486
Let's do a show IP route.
303
00:15:40,486 --> 00:15:46,446
And I can see that this router
knows about only connected routes.
304
00:15:46,446 --> 00:16:01,546
It knows it's plugged into 192.168.1.0 because
I configured an IP address in that network.
305
00:16:01,546 --> 00:16:05,926
Same thing with 2.0, I've got
an IP Address in that network.
306
00:16:05,926 --> 00:16:09,576
So-- so, it's all looking good.
307
00:16:09,576 --> 00:16:19,526
And I can absolutely guarantee that if I type
in ping 192.168.3.1 which is the LAN interface
308
00:16:19,526 --> 00:16:22,506
of router two over here, we're going to fail.
309
00:16:22,506 --> 00:16:27,496
And we can guarantee that because
when we look at the routing table,
310
00:16:27,496 --> 00:16:31,266
we're trying to reach anything
that's not shown here.
311
00:16:31,266 --> 00:16:38,556
The router is just going to say,
I have no idea what you're doing.
312
00:16:38,856 --> 00:16:42,626
So, last nugget-- no, two nuggets ago.
313
00:16:42,736 --> 00:16:46,826
We got static routing to get this setup going.
314
00:16:46,826 --> 00:16:50,116
We go into global config.
315
00:16:52,996 --> 00:16:57,796
And let's do first off turning on OSPF.
316
00:16:57,796 --> 00:17:03,566
The command is router and then
the protocol you want to run.
317
00:17:03,566 --> 00:17:07,036
Now I mentioned remember the jellybean slide.
318
00:17:07,206 --> 00:17:09,546
We had BGP, EIGRP, ISI's.
319
00:17:09,546 --> 00:17:19,216
I mean all these different protocols that are
out there, some that we didn't even talk about
320
00:17:19,216 --> 00:17:22,036
but they're out there, other routing protocols.
321
00:17:22,036 --> 00:17:27,046
We just need to pick the one that we want.
322
00:17:27,046 --> 00:17:30,796
In this case, we are using OSPF.
323
00:17:30,796 --> 00:17:33,556
So I'll fill that in and hit the question mark.
324
00:17:33,556 --> 00:17:36,846
And now it ask me for a big
question, what is your process ID?
325
00:17:36,846 --> 00:17:38,896
You ever gone in-- in Windows?
326
00:17:38,896 --> 00:17:40,796
Let me bring something out.
327
00:17:41,156 --> 00:17:44,606
Tell me if this looks familiar to you.
328
00:17:44,606 --> 00:17:46,986
That guy. Isn't this machine awesome?
329
00:17:47,196 --> 00:17:50,966
It's got like 8 processors.
330
00:17:51,236 --> 00:17:52,216
It's amazing.
331
00:17:52,216 --> 00:17:55,436
I didn't do that just to show you this machine.
332
00:17:55,436 --> 00:17:57,586
I showed-- I wanted to show
you this process tab.
333
00:17:57,586 --> 00:17:58,566
Have you ever gone in here?
334
00:17:58,566 --> 00:18:02,516
Have you ever gotten into-- to
Windows where things go bad?
335
00:18:02,516 --> 00:18:05,836
I mean your-- you're sitting,
nothing's done bad at Windows, right?
336
00:18:05,836 --> 00:18:07,046
No. But, you know, you're in here.
337
00:18:07,046 --> 00:18:09,116
You've got, you know, whatever running.
338
00:18:09,116 --> 00:18:11,006
You know, Dynamips is freezing or whatever.
339
00:18:11,006 --> 00:18:12,386
You know something goes bad.
340
00:18:12,386 --> 00:18:15,336
And you're trying to kill a
process and have you ever gotten
341
00:18:15,336 --> 00:18:17,826
to a point in Windows where it won't die?
342
00:18:17,826 --> 00:18:19,516
Have you ever got in there?
343
00:18:19,706 --> 00:18:24,006
One of the things that you can do
and see, this isn't a Windows course.
344
00:18:24,556 --> 00:18:27,346
But you can actually-- I'm
going to pull up Google.
345
00:18:27,346 --> 00:18:35,246
And obviously I had recently gone through that
experience 'cause Google Chrome did not shut
346
00:18:35,246 --> 00:18:37,636
down correctly.
347
00:18:37,636 --> 00:18:39,436
So, I'm going to do what is it?
348
00:18:39,436 --> 00:18:40,416
Task kill, right?
349
00:18:40,416 --> 00:18:41,276
That's the command, yeah.
350
00:18:41,276 --> 00:18:44,556
So this is a command-- if you didn't know
about this command, oh, if you're in Windows,
351
00:18:44,556 --> 00:18:47,736
you live by this command 'cause
things break all the time.
352
00:18:47,736 --> 00:18:54,126
Task kill is like I'm going to
kill a process absolutely dead on--
353
00:18:54,126 --> 00:18:57,146
you know, I'm cutting it off.
354
00:18:57,146 --> 00:18:59,866
You're probably going to
get some file corruption
355
00:18:59,866 --> 00:19:03,176
but that's all good 'cause
that's normal in Windows.
356
00:19:03,306 --> 00:19:06,826
And we're going to make-- we're going to
make your computer stable again, right?
357
00:19:06,826 --> 00:19:11,316
So-- so task kill requires that you
identify a process by its process ID.
358
00:19:11,316 --> 00:19:13,306
And you can actually go in task manager.
359
00:19:13,306 --> 00:19:14,206
And let's see, where is it?
360
00:19:14,206 --> 00:19:15,036
Properties.
361
00:19:15,036 --> 00:19:17,096
There's a way-- now of course,
no, I'm not going to view.
362
00:19:17,096 --> 00:19:18,486
Oh wait, select comms, there it is.
363
00:19:18,486 --> 00:19:20,166
Select comms and process ID.
364
00:19:20,166 --> 00:19:20,646
Voila, right there.
365
00:19:20,646 --> 00:19:22,056
And this column PID is what
you need for task kill.
366
00:19:22,086 --> 00:19:22,476
Like, oh man, mom.
367
00:19:22,506 --> 00:19:23,796
Mom is totally acting up and we got to kill her.
368
00:19:23,826 --> 00:19:24,396
This is just not good.
369
00:19:24,426 --> 00:19:25,686
But-- but anyway, we've got
to kill the mom process.
370
00:19:25,716 --> 00:19:27,066
I need 3828 and I'm good.
371
00:19:27,096 --> 00:19:28,056
So you're going, okay, that's kind of cool.
372
00:19:28,086 --> 00:19:29,436
So I-- I would go to command
prompt typing task kill.
373
00:19:29,466 --> 00:19:30,906
Now I don't know what mom is
so I don't want to kill her.
374
00:19:30,936 --> 00:19:31,506
But that's what this is.
375
00:19:31,536 --> 00:19:33,096
A process ID just identifies
the OSPF process to the router.
376
00:19:33,126 --> 00:19:34,236
I might say, well, what--
what numbers should I use.
377
00:19:34,266 --> 00:19:34,986
Yeah, whatever you want to use.
378
00:19:35,016 --> 00:19:35,736
But you got to remember it.
379
00:19:35,766 --> 00:19:36,366
You got to remember it.
380
00:19:36,396 --> 00:19:37,956
Does it have to be the same on
all the routers in your network?
381
00:19:37,986 --> 00:19:39,606
No. Because I mean just like if
I went to another computer in--
382
00:19:39,636 --> 00:19:40,836
in my house, I would see that
there's other-- there's other--
383
00:19:40,866 --> 00:19:41,766
I mean, maybe mom or DWM is running
384
00:19:41,796 --> 00:19:43,266
with a different process ID on
a different computer, right?
385
00:19:43,296 --> 00:19:44,256
So-- so process ID doesn't really matter.
386
00:19:44,286 --> 00:19:45,276
However, you have to remember what it is.
387
00:19:45,306 --> 00:19:47,256
So, the reason you have to remember is
because you'll constantly be typing it
388
00:19:47,286 --> 00:19:48,306
in to go into this configuration mode.
389
00:19:48,336 --> 00:19:49,086
So, let me just tell you this.
390
00:19:49,116 --> 00:19:49,566
Use one. That's it.
391
00:19:49,596 --> 00:19:50,586
And I know, I-- this, this section right here.
392
00:19:50,616 --> 00:19:51,936
This little process ID just
in the past has gener--
393
00:19:51,966 --> 00:19:54,066
whoa, has generated so many questions that
it's just I'm telling you just use one.
394
00:19:54,096 --> 00:19:55,716
I know questions like, well, can
I have multiple OSPF processes?
395
00:19:55,746 --> 00:19:56,046
Yes, you can.
396
00:19:56,076 --> 00:19:56,616
No, you don't want to.
397
00:19:56,646 --> 00:19:58,656
Can I use, you know, process ID one and
then process ID 50 on another router?
398
00:19:58,686 --> 00:19:58,986
Yes, you can.
399
00:19:59,016 --> 00:19:59,556
No, you don't want to.
400
00:19:59,586 --> 00:20:00,486
Why? Because then you have to remember.
401
00:20:00,516 --> 00:20:02,466
Well, this one is 1, this
one is 50, that one is 392.
402
00:20:02,496 --> 00:20:02,976
Just use one, okay?
403
00:20:03,266 --> 00:20:04,956
So we're in OSPF.
404
00:20:04,956 --> 00:20:06,266
And actually we've done step one.
405
00:20:06,476 --> 00:20:07,136
We've turned it on.
406
00:20:07,466 --> 00:20:10,286
OSPF, it's like the little
light switch on our router.
407
00:20:10,286 --> 00:20:11,316
There's-- there's a light switch.
408
00:20:11,316 --> 00:20:13,646
We just went from off to on, right?
409
00:20:13,846 --> 00:20:16,796
So it's now running but it's not doing anything
410
00:20:16,796 --> 00:20:19,486
because we haven't told it
what interfaces to use.
411
00:20:19,486 --> 00:20:23,826
Okay, big, big command here.
412
00:20:23,906 --> 00:20:28,056
OSPF works based on this command called network.
413
00:20:29,356 --> 00:20:31,436
The network command I would say this is--
414
00:20:31,436 --> 00:20:35,366
this got to be one of the
confusing commands in all CISCO.
415
00:20:35,496 --> 00:20:39,166
And they're actually making it
go away as we move into IPV6.
416
00:20:39,276 --> 00:20:42,476
The network command is actually
gone because CISCO knows it's crazy.
417
00:20:42,716 --> 00:20:43,546
It's a crazy command.
418
00:20:43,766 --> 00:20:50,786
The reason why is it's one command that does
two very similar yet very different things.
419
00:20:51,096 --> 00:20:55,616
When I type in network I'm number one
identifying, you might write this down,
420
00:20:55,616 --> 00:20:57,026
if you're taking notes write this down.
421
00:20:57,026 --> 00:20:58,806
Embed this in your mind.
422
00:20:58,996 --> 00:21:04,916
It identifies, identify-- hang on.
423
00:21:05,686 --> 00:21:07,026
Beauty of a pause button, right?
424
00:21:07,026 --> 00:21:11,156
It identifies what interfaces
to send Hello Packets on.
425
00:21:11,156 --> 00:21:14,106
I know if you're a grammatical person,
you're like you can't end in a preposition.
426
00:21:14,106 --> 00:21:16,116
But I just did 'cause that's
the only good way to say that.
427
00:21:16,376 --> 00:21:20,386
It identifies what interfaces
to send Hello Packets on.
428
00:21:20,386 --> 00:21:23,376
So when I type in network, so here--
let me show you the command, right?
429
00:21:23,876 --> 00:21:32,936
I type in network 192.168.2.0, right?
430
00:21:32,936 --> 00:21:34,756
Now-- now there's more to this command.
431
00:21:34,756 --> 00:21:38,256
But let's just start there
and hit the enter key.
432
00:21:38,256 --> 00:21:41,866
Now it's going to say, wait there's more to this
command and we'll talk about that in a second.
433
00:21:41,936 --> 00:21:45,326
But when I type in network
192.168.2.0 it says okay,
434
00:21:45,326 --> 00:21:51,346
let's see what interfaces do I
have in the 192.168.2.0 networks?
435
00:21:51,346 --> 00:21:53,916
And it's going to go no,
nope, nope not that one.
436
00:21:53,916 --> 00:21:57,316
Oh that's one, 192.168.2.1.
437
00:21:57,316 --> 00:22:00,776
That's in the 192.168.2.1, 2.0 network.
438
00:22:00,776 --> 00:22:06,166
So I am going to start sending
Hello Messages on these interfaces.
439
00:22:06,226 --> 00:22:09,216
Why? Because it wants to form a neighbor.
440
00:22:09,296 --> 00:22:12,136
It wants to find friends
to exchange routes with.
441
00:22:12,136 --> 00:22:14,956
So we're telling it I want you
to send hello messages out there.
442
00:22:14,956 --> 00:22:19,636
So when I type this-- this command in, it's
going to start sending hello's on there.
443
00:22:19,636 --> 00:22:20,716
Is it going to send hello's out here?
444
00:22:20,716 --> 00:22:23,846
No, it's not because that's not
the 192.168,2 network, right?
445
00:22:23,976 --> 00:22:26,166
Okay, so that's-- that's
the first big thing it does.
446
00:22:26,436 --> 00:22:33,406
Second thing it does, it identifies
what networks to advertise.
447
00:22:33,726 --> 00:22:39,606
So what we're doing when we type in
network 192.168.2.0 is it says I'm going
448
00:22:39,606 --> 00:22:43,246
to number one form neighbor
relationships out that interface.
449
00:22:43,246 --> 00:22:49,676
And number two I'm going to tell people
about the 192.168.2 network, right?
450
00:22:49,936 --> 00:22:53,116
Because maybe-- maybe I don't want
to tell people about this network.
451
00:22:53,116 --> 00:22:57,296
Maybe this is a secret ninja network
where we have top secret Apple development
452
00:22:57,296 --> 00:22:59,676
on the iPhone 9 or-- or something like that.
453
00:22:59,676 --> 00:23:03,996
You know it's-- it's-- we don't want people
to know about the network then I wouldn't type
454
00:23:03,996 --> 00:23:08,546
in the network advertisement because that is
what tells the router to advertise that network.
455
00:23:08,546 --> 00:23:11,306
So now let me-- let me fill this-- this in here.
456
00:23:11,936 --> 00:23:17,466
Let's say I type in this command
network 192.168.2.0 and hit the enter.
457
00:23:17,466 --> 00:23:18,526
What have I done?
458
00:23:18,526 --> 00:23:23,026
This router now is going to try and form
a neighbor relationship on that interface.
459
00:23:23,026 --> 00:23:27,036
And as long as router two is doing the same
thing as long as I've typed that same command
460
00:23:27,036 --> 00:23:29,906
in router two, they're both going to be
like, "hey man it's good to meet you."
461
00:23:29,906 --> 00:23:33,386
And as long all these things are-- are up
to par which we're going to talk about those
462
00:23:33,386 --> 00:23:36,376
in just a second so it's there up to
snuff in there-- they're all matching--
463
00:23:36,376 --> 00:23:37,946
they're going to be like, let's be neighbors.
464
00:23:37,946 --> 00:23:39,526
And then router one is going to say okay,
465
00:23:39,616 --> 00:23:42,396
I got some really good information
for you to router two.
466
00:23:42,396 --> 00:23:46,526
I know about the 192.168.2.0 network.
467
00:23:46,526 --> 00:23:47,256
That's it.
468
00:23:47,256 --> 00:23:50,656
Router two looks and goes,
"that was not interesting at all
469
00:23:50,966 --> 00:23:52,676
because I'm connected to that network.
470
00:23:52,676 --> 00:23:54,016
I already knew about that network.
471
00:23:54,016 --> 00:23:55,776
You are worthless to me router one."
472
00:23:55,776 --> 00:23:57,586
It doesn't really say that
but it kind of feels that way
473
00:23:57,816 --> 00:24:00,076
because router one is not giving
it any information beyond that.
474
00:24:00,076 --> 00:24:05,646
No, so what do we have to type in to let
router one tell router two something it didn't
475
00:24:05,646 --> 00:24:06,086
know about?
476
00:24:07,076 --> 00:24:07,906
Come on take a guess.
477
00:24:07,906 --> 00:24:10,836
Come on. We would type in network.
478
00:24:10,836 --> 00:24:13,796
Well, in addition now, it's going to
give me an incomplete command, right?
479
00:24:13,796 --> 00:24:16,156
Because there's more to this
but let's just go with it.
480
00:24:16,156 --> 00:24:21,816
So I would also have to type
in network 192.168.1.0.
481
00:24:21,816 --> 00:24:22,496
Hit the enter key.
482
00:24:22,666 --> 00:24:25,296
Okay, now again, filling in the-- the end of it.
483
00:24:25,296 --> 00:24:28,086
So let's just focus on the base command first.
484
00:24:28,086 --> 00:24:34,226
If I type in that now it's going to number
one send hello's out that interface as well
485
00:24:34,226 --> 00:24:38,316
as the 192.168.2 'cause you now have, I
mean, they kind of go together, right?
486
00:24:38,316 --> 00:24:39,386
It's not like you just type one.
487
00:24:39,666 --> 00:24:47,406
So I'm going to type in, I send hello
messages out the 192.168.1.0 interface.
488
00:24:47,716 --> 00:24:52,396
And-- and I'm going to start advertising
that network to other routers as well.
489
00:24:52,506 --> 00:24:56,126
Now router two is like wow, you just became
a lot more interesting to me router one.
490
00:24:56,476 --> 00:25:02,006
You're telling me about something
I didn't know about, 192.186.1.0.
491
00:25:02,006 --> 00:25:03,226
Now of course you might have you're like okay,
492
00:25:03,226 --> 00:25:05,636
well does he have to send
hello's out that interface?
493
00:25:06,076 --> 00:25:07,366
I mean does he really have to?
494
00:25:07,956 --> 00:25:09,326
Well not really.
495
00:25:09,326 --> 00:25:10,806
I mean it's just kind of pointless hello's.
496
00:25:10,806 --> 00:25:11,616
He's like hello.
497
00:25:11,616 --> 00:25:15,956
I mean think of it like, you know, one of
those weird movies walking through hello.
498
00:25:16,266 --> 00:25:17,376
Hello, anybody here?
499
00:25:17,556 --> 00:25:20,406
But without the guy with the knife
jumping out from behind the door.
500
00:25:20,666 --> 00:25:22,266
That's what this guy is doing.
501
00:25:22,376 --> 00:25:24,566
He's sending empty hello's to an empty LAN.
502
00:25:24,816 --> 00:25:26,196
Now is that a waste?
503
00:25:26,706 --> 00:25:33,066
Yes. I would say on-- on the-- the least
amount of consequence it's a waste of--
504
00:25:33,066 --> 00:25:35,226
of bandwidth, a waste of resources.
505
00:25:35,226 --> 00:25:38,036
Number two is that a security hazard?
506
00:25:38,626 --> 00:25:39,526
Yes, it is.
507
00:25:39,916 --> 00:25:44,566
The reason why is he's saying
hello out to a user community.
508
00:25:44,776 --> 00:25:48,376
If you've got a user, how many of
you know you can't trust your users?
509
00:25:48,376 --> 00:25:50,466
Absolutely a fact.
510
00:25:50,826 --> 00:25:53,146
That smiling guy in the cubicle,
he's trying to destroy you.
511
00:25:53,566 --> 00:25:58,186
He's trying to hack your network because if
he starts seeing hello's coming in from OSPF,
512
00:25:58,186 --> 00:26:03,946
he's going to try and sabotage your
network by becoming an impostor, you know.
513
00:26:03,946 --> 00:26:07,806
Acting like an OSPF router and forming
a neighbor relationship with you.
514
00:26:07,806 --> 00:26:10,486
Now I'd say well why would
somebody want to do that?
515
00:26:10,736 --> 00:26:15,716
Well I would say on the least amount of
damage they can really mess up your network.
516
00:26:15,716 --> 00:26:18,606
They can-- they can go in there and
they could start advertising routes
517
00:26:18,606 --> 00:26:19,676
that don't really exist.
518
00:26:19,676 --> 00:26:21,806
They could, I mean, they could
just sabotage your routing cable.
519
00:26:21,806 --> 00:26:23,546
And that's number one you don't want that.
520
00:26:23,676 --> 00:26:27,586
But I'm telling you if somebody's trying
to do that, what they're probably trying
521
00:26:27,586 --> 00:26:30,906
to do is set off some kind
of man-in-the-middle attack.
522
00:26:30,906 --> 00:26:31,826
Ever heard of that?
523
00:26:32,356 --> 00:26:37,826
Man-in-the-middle is where you try to inject
yourself meaning a computer or some device
524
00:26:37,826 --> 00:26:41,796
in the middle to where you make this
router believe you're a good exit point
525
00:26:41,796 --> 00:26:42,246
to the internet.
526
00:26:42,246 --> 00:26:44,076
And then you do some wizardry behind the scenes
527
00:26:44,076 --> 00:26:46,476
to really say oh well actually
I can get you to the internet.
528
00:26:46,476 --> 00:26:51,616
So essentially all of the routing goes
through your computer and, you know,
529
00:26:51,616 --> 00:26:52,956
maybe it's not a WiFi connection.
530
00:26:52,956 --> 00:26:55,246
Maybe, I mean you can, there's
all kinds of tricks you can play
531
00:26:55,246 --> 00:26:56,516
to do the man-in-the-middle attack.
532
00:26:56,706 --> 00:26:58,506
But you-- you get it to where it's going.
533
00:26:58,506 --> 00:27:01,436
But now you are in the middle so
that you can start opening a tool
534
00:27:01,436 --> 00:27:04,526
like Wireshark and capturing all of the data.
535
00:27:04,526 --> 00:27:07,156
So now you can start seeing what
people are doing on the network.
536
00:27:07,346 --> 00:27:08,696
You can start gathering information.
537
00:27:08,696 --> 00:27:12,876
You can, I mean, there-- there are--
it's easy to do with Wireshark.
538
00:27:12,876 --> 00:27:16,796
Start reassembling, you know, excel files
that people were working on, spreadsheets,
539
00:27:16,796 --> 00:27:20,276
e-mails that were being sent, voice over
IP conversations that were being had.
540
00:27:20,276 --> 00:27:22,786
You can actually capture
those if you're in the middle.
541
00:27:22,996 --> 00:27:24,326
And put them all back together.
542
00:27:24,326 --> 00:27:27,286
And now you've got scary data
that you can walk away with.
543
00:27:27,286 --> 00:27:28,256
So you don't want that.
544
00:27:28,256 --> 00:27:33,656
So and you might say okay, well what
if I want to advertise that network?
545
00:27:33,656 --> 00:27:37,206
Now I'm going to advertise that to this router.
546
00:27:37,206 --> 00:27:40,616
But I don't want to send hello messages there
'cause I know I won't ever have a neighbor.
547
00:27:40,776 --> 00:27:45,196
Is there a way to split this network
command and say well do number two.
548
00:27:45,286 --> 00:27:46,066
This is good.
549
00:27:46,256 --> 00:27:47,206
Don't do number one.
550
00:27:47,446 --> 00:27:48,716
I-- I don't want that.
551
00:27:48,976 --> 00:27:49,776
Yes, there is.
552
00:27:50,526 --> 00:27:54,546
That is actually known as the
passive interface command.
553
00:27:55,086 --> 00:27:55,466
Check it out.
554
00:27:55,516 --> 00:27:59,006
I'm going to go back on router one and
I'm going to type in notice I'm under--
555
00:27:59,176 --> 00:28:01,186
I'm under OSPF configuration mode.
556
00:28:01,186 --> 00:28:02,676
I'm under this router config mode.
557
00:28:02,866 --> 00:28:06,336
I can type in passive interface
and say well I want
558
00:28:06,336 --> 00:28:08,486
to be a little passive on we'll say [inaudible].
559
00:28:08,566 --> 00:28:12,216
I don't remember what it was,
zero slash zero whatever.
560
00:28:12,266 --> 00:28:15,026
You know, I'm not going to type it in
'cause I don't remember what it was.
561
00:28:15,026 --> 00:28:19,896
And if I-- if I do the wrong one, you know,
then, then it's not going to send hello's
562
00:28:19,896 --> 00:28:22,176
out this interface and no
neighbor relationships will form.
563
00:28:22,446 --> 00:28:26,956
So-- so passive interface I know it's
almost like worth the foundations of OSPF.
564
00:28:26,956 --> 00:28:30,206
So here is how it works and I'm already
introducing the passive interface,
565
00:28:30,496 --> 00:28:32,116
the reason why is it's that important.
566
00:28:32,676 --> 00:28:33,656
You want to use the passive.
567
00:28:33,656 --> 00:28:35,666
As a matter of fact, I'll tell
you what, a lot of people do.
568
00:28:36,616 --> 00:28:41,666
'Cause I'll actually type in passive interface
and then let me show you a question mark again,
569
00:28:41,966 --> 00:28:46,856
passive interface default which
says turn off all routing updates.
570
00:28:46,856 --> 00:28:50,716
Turn off all hello messages on all interfaces.
571
00:28:51,856 --> 00:28:52,776
Type that in just like that.
572
00:28:52,956 --> 00:28:54,846
Then no more hello messages anywhere.
573
00:28:55,066 --> 00:28:57,906
You know like well, that says it--
that kind of defeats the point, right?
574
00:28:57,906 --> 00:29:02,206
Well yes because now, you can go
in and do no passive interface.
575
00:29:02,396 --> 00:29:04,856
And then I can do-- I got
to figure out my interfaces.
576
00:29:05,456 --> 00:29:07,656
Show IP Interface Brief, right?
577
00:29:07,926 --> 00:29:13,836
I can do no passive interface and do serial 0/0.
578
00:29:14,366 --> 00:29:17,046
So now it's saying okay, everything is passing.
579
00:29:17,046 --> 00:29:21,346
Nothing is sending hello messages
unless you as an admin go in.
580
00:29:21,346 --> 00:29:22,796
And that's a really good practice.
581
00:29:22,796 --> 00:29:25,316
What I just did right there,
really good security practice
582
00:29:25,316 --> 00:29:28,236
to make sure you're not sending hello
messages where they don't belong.
583
00:29:28,526 --> 00:29:32,736
Remember anywhere you send a hello that's where
a potential neighbor relationship conform.
584
00:29:32,826 --> 00:29:34,846
Okay. Let's get back.
585
00:29:34,846 --> 00:29:36,656
We've got to get back to configure.
586
00:29:36,656 --> 00:29:39,406
Let me-- let me just clear
this off for a second.
587
00:29:42,016 --> 00:29:42,996
All right, there we go.
588
00:29:42,996 --> 00:29:43,656
That's a little better.
589
00:29:43,656 --> 00:29:46,546
Let's-- let's get back to
the-- the core of everything.
590
00:29:46,726 --> 00:29:49,716
We are in the middle of telling
it what interfaces to use, right?
591
00:29:49,716 --> 00:29:52,446
And we kept seeing that incomplete
command when I was typing it in.
592
00:29:52,446 --> 00:29:57,776
So we need to say router one use
these two interfaces for OSPF.
593
00:29:57,806 --> 00:30:00,976
So I'm back in and still under, here let
me exit out 'cause I cleared the screen.
594
00:30:01,306 --> 00:30:02,806
So router OSPF one.
595
00:30:02,806 --> 00:30:04,766
I'm back into the router configuration mode.
596
00:30:04,766 --> 00:30:08,156
I'm going to type in network 192.168.2.0
597
00:30:08,156 --> 00:30:10,156
but you remember we kept
getting this incomplete command.
598
00:30:10,296 --> 00:30:11,236
What's it looking for?
599
00:30:11,556 --> 00:30:12,426
Space question mark.
600
00:30:12,426 --> 00:30:13,006
Let's find out.
601
00:30:13,006 --> 00:30:18,276
It says enter the wild card bits, okay?
602
00:30:18,436 --> 00:30:19,816
What's a wild card bit?
603
00:30:20,106 --> 00:30:26,436
Well let me first say we will unpack wild
card bits fully when we get into access list.
604
00:30:26,436 --> 00:30:30,256
That's a big, big, big part of access
list understanding it in its entirety.
605
00:30:30,256 --> 00:30:36,316
For now I'm going to give you enough about
wild card bits to-- to configure OSPF.
606
00:30:36,316 --> 00:30:40,606
Now wild card bits think of
these as identifiers, right?
607
00:30:40,906 --> 00:30:44,056
We're-- we're trying-- we're going
to try and identify in this--
608
00:30:44,056 --> 00:30:45,616
in this IP address that we typed in.
609
00:30:45,876 --> 00:30:47,636
What should the router really care about?
610
00:30:47,846 --> 00:30:49,126
Here's what I mean.
611
00:30:49,126 --> 00:30:52,646
First off, wild card bits are
completely opposite of the subnet mask.
612
00:30:52,646 --> 00:30:53,616
So let's just write it up here.
613
00:30:53,926 --> 00:30:59,586
I'm going to type in network 192.168.2.0.
614
00:31:00,126 --> 00:31:04,006
Now let me give you a sample wild
card mask that we would use for this
615
00:31:04,006 --> 00:31:06,256
and then I'll-- I'll describe what it means.
616
00:31:06,486 --> 00:31:10,556
I'm going to do 0.0.0.255.
617
00:31:11,346 --> 00:31:13,686
Now, I know it's wild, right?
618
00:31:13,686 --> 00:31:14,806
That's why I gave it the name.
619
00:31:14,986 --> 00:31:18,516
No one really knows why CISCO decided
to do it this way but they did.
620
00:31:18,876 --> 00:31:22,956
What-- what it is, is completely
opposite of the subnet mask.
621
00:31:23,236 --> 00:31:27,856
I mean when you think about a subnet mask
for 192.168.2.0 you're typically thinking
622
00:31:27,856 --> 00:31:30,726
of class E, 255.255.255.0, right?
623
00:31:30,726 --> 00:31:34,226
Well looking at that wild card mask it's
exactly the opposite and here's what it means.
624
00:31:34,446 --> 00:31:42,216
Just again high level view right now wherever
you see a zero, line it up to the IP address
625
00:31:42,216 --> 00:31:45,506
because that's something that the
router is saying look at this.
626
00:31:45,726 --> 00:31:47,706
So let me draw the arrow there, right there.
627
00:31:47,916 --> 00:31:51,856
The router is thinking, I'm getting
used to this pause thing, look at this.
628
00:31:52,036 --> 00:31:55,146
So 192 is significant to me.
629
00:31:55,146 --> 00:32:01,026
So I am going to identify interfaces by--
if they start with 192 that's-- that's key.
630
00:32:01,026 --> 00:32:02,836
I'm going to start sending
hello packets on them.
631
00:32:02,836 --> 00:32:07,426
If they-- if they start with 192, I'm going
to start advertising those networks, right?
632
00:32:07,426 --> 00:32:08,296
But wait there's more.
633
00:32:08,456 --> 00:32:10,056
Wait, no cost to you.
634
00:32:10,056 --> 00:32:10,666
There's more.
635
00:32:11,246 --> 00:32:13,776
168 that's the second octet.
636
00:32:13,776 --> 00:32:14,876
It's saying look at this.
637
00:32:14,876 --> 00:32:19,136
So look at this router when you're
trying to identify only turn on OSPF.
638
00:32:19,136 --> 00:32:21,666
Let me-- let me just go back to this.
639
00:32:21,666 --> 00:32:23,566
And when I say turn on, it
means these two things.
640
00:32:23,746 --> 00:32:30,116
Only turn on OSPF on interfaces
that start with 192.168.
641
00:32:30,116 --> 00:32:34,956
And then we look at the third
octet dot two, right?
642
00:32:35,146 --> 00:32:36,056
Look at this.
643
00:32:36,056 --> 00:32:39,856
Look at the two, 192.168.2 is significant.
644
00:32:40,146 --> 00:32:45,706
Now the 255 means I don't care period.
645
00:32:46,086 --> 00:32:50,126
I don't care what is in that
last octet because I mean what--
646
00:32:50,256 --> 00:32:54,656
what really is happening when I type
this command is the router is going
647
00:32:54,656 --> 00:32:56,096
to look at all of its interfaces.
648
00:32:56,146 --> 00:32:56,996
Now let me-- let me get back here.
649
00:32:57,176 --> 00:32:59,876
I mean do I show IP Interface Brief.
650
00:33:00,226 --> 00:33:08,446
So when I type in network 192.168.2.0 and I
type in 0.0.0.255 what the router is going
651
00:33:08,446 --> 00:33:10,096
to do is this going to say okay, let me look.
652
00:33:10,236 --> 00:33:12,936
Do I have any interfaces that start with 192?
653
00:33:13,156 --> 00:33:13,776
Yes, I do.
654
00:33:13,776 --> 00:33:17,946
Do I have any interfaces that have
168 because again it's a look at this?
655
00:33:17,996 --> 00:33:18,536
Yes, I do.
656
00:33:18,536 --> 00:33:19,516
I actually have two of them.
657
00:33:19,716 --> 00:33:24,346
Do I have any interfaces that have
192.168.2 because again it's uh look at this.
658
00:33:24,346 --> 00:33:26,006
Look at this-- this third octet right here.
659
00:33:26,006 --> 00:33:28,416
And it's going to say oh, oh yes I do.
660
00:33:28,416 --> 00:33:29,666
This one qualifies.
661
00:33:29,666 --> 00:33:33,926
Now this last octet it's going to say okay, dot
zero and it's going to go, oh that's dot one.
662
00:33:33,926 --> 00:33:35,636
But wait a sec, you know what?
663
00:33:35,636 --> 00:33:36,086
I don't care.
664
00:33:36,426 --> 00:33:40,286
I don't care what IP Address
is in that last octet.
665
00:33:40,286 --> 00:33:47,086
I just want to identify any interface
that starts with 192.168.2, right?
666
00:33:47,456 --> 00:33:49,766
So that is how the wild card mask works.
667
00:33:49,766 --> 00:33:51,646
So let's-- let's do a little more example.
668
00:33:51,836 --> 00:33:55,946
Let's say-- let's say I wanted
to turn on OSPF for both
669
00:33:55,946 --> 00:33:59,306
of these interfaces at the same time, right?
670
00:33:59,626 --> 00:34:00,636
Here is something I could type.
671
00:34:01,016 --> 00:34:10,866
I could type in network 192.168.0.0 with
a wild card mask, come on, think about it.
672
00:34:10,866 --> 00:34:11,426
Can you guess it?
673
00:34:11,836 --> 00:34:16,446
0.0.255.255.
674
00:34:17,596 --> 00:34:22,176
That would be a way of turning on OSPF on
both of these interfaces at the same time.
675
00:34:22,376 --> 00:34:25,646
Why? Because this one says look at this.
676
00:34:25,646 --> 00:34:26,706
Look at the 192.
677
00:34:26,706 --> 00:34:29,946
Turn OSPF on any interface that starts with 192.
678
00:34:30,486 --> 00:34:32,686
Oh, look at this, second octet 168.
679
00:34:32,686 --> 00:34:33,556
That is significant.
680
00:34:33,556 --> 00:34:37,866
Look at any interface that's
starting with 192.168 for OSPF.
681
00:34:37,866 --> 00:34:39,976
And then it looks at these last two octets.
682
00:34:39,976 --> 00:34:41,066
And it says I don't care.
683
00:34:41,066 --> 00:34:41,856
I don't care.
684
00:34:41,856 --> 00:34:44,166
I don't care that this is
the one and this is the two.
685
00:34:44,166 --> 00:34:45,146
That doesn't matter to me.
686
00:34:45,146 --> 00:34:45,786
That's fine.
687
00:34:45,876 --> 00:34:48,556
And I don't care that this has
a dot one and this has a dot one
688
00:34:48,556 --> 00:34:49,986
in the-- in the fourth octet right here.
689
00:34:50,176 --> 00:34:54,586
And I don't care because they
start with 192.168 something.
690
00:34:54,586 --> 00:34:58,416
I'm going to turn on OSPF on them, okay?
691
00:34:58,416 --> 00:35:00,596
Okay, let me go one step further.
692
00:35:01,806 --> 00:35:08,306
What if I wanted to turn on OSPF on every
interface on my router that have right now.
693
00:35:08,896 --> 00:35:11,576
And any interface I add in the future?
694
00:35:13,096 --> 00:35:14,206
Go on and pause it right now.
695
00:35:14,206 --> 00:35:17,656
Think of it, think of it and I know
you can think of it, okay unpause.
696
00:35:18,146 --> 00:35:29,266
Network 0.0.0 with wild card
mask, 255.255.255.255, done.
697
00:35:29,646 --> 00:35:33,096
It would work because that says
turn on OSPF on I don't care,
698
00:35:33,096 --> 00:35:34,456
I don't care, I don't care, I don't care.
699
00:35:34,456 --> 00:35:38,446
Anything, anything now or in the future
and now you might say well that seems easy.
700
00:35:38,446 --> 00:35:39,146
Why don't we do that?
701
00:35:39,306 --> 00:35:42,796
Not good. And Cisco says don't
do it because there's a lot
702
00:35:42,796 --> 00:35:45,446
of times you're configuring your
router and you're adding an interface.
703
00:35:45,446 --> 00:35:46,176
You're deleting it there.
704
00:35:46,376 --> 00:35:50,426
And if you accidentally add an
interface, it's automatically whoop
705
00:35:50,616 --> 00:35:54,666
within the OSPF before you're even
ready for that interface to be active.
706
00:35:54,926 --> 00:35:55,506
You don't want to do that.
707
00:35:55,506 --> 00:35:58,226
As a matter of fact, we might say
well what is Cisco's best practice?
708
00:35:58,916 --> 00:36:02,406
It's none of these, seriously, none of these.
709
00:36:02,966 --> 00:36:08,876
What Cisco actually sets to do
is use a network of, you know,
710
00:36:08,876 --> 00:36:11,006
do a show IP Interface Brief right here.
711
00:36:12,006 --> 00:36:18,666
And say network 192.168.1.1
with what wild card mask?
712
00:36:19,196 --> 00:36:27,446
0.0.0.0. Network 192.168.2.1
with what wild card mask?
713
00:36:27,446 --> 00:36:28,526
Oops, 2.1.
714
00:36:28,526 --> 00:36:31,616
0.0.0, same things 0.0.0.0.
715
00:36:32,236 --> 00:36:35,936
What that does is it's like a sniper
rifle-- we're turning on to OSPF.
716
00:36:35,936 --> 00:36:38,926
You're like exactly this interface.
717
00:36:38,926 --> 00:36:43,556
An interface that has 192.168.1.1
as it's IP Address,
718
00:36:43,556 --> 00:36:47,696
exactly that interface turn on OSPF, right?
719
00:36:47,896 --> 00:36:49,176
That's-- that's the scoop.
720
00:36:49,176 --> 00:36:50,406
I mean that's-- that's your best practice.
721
00:36:50,406 --> 00:36:51,556
Why is that the best practice?
722
00:36:51,556 --> 00:36:52,466
It's a lot more typing.
723
00:36:52,466 --> 00:36:54,516
It's a lot more and we're
even like well this is easy.
724
00:36:54,976 --> 00:36:59,266
Beware of easy things in the Cisco
world because it's too far reaching.
725
00:36:59,266 --> 00:37:00,516
It's too auto-magic.
726
00:37:00,766 --> 00:37:03,916
We want to make sure that we know
exactly where OSPF is running.
727
00:37:03,916 --> 00:37:06,036
So we literally type in a network command
728
00:37:06,036 --> 00:37:08,356
for every single interface
and it starts advertising it.
729
00:37:08,356 --> 00:37:12,706
Now another big misunderstanding
of the network command or comment.
730
00:37:12,706 --> 00:37:15,116
I-- I remember when I first
learned-- I still remember this.
731
00:37:15,396 --> 00:37:19,916
When I first learned network command I was
like okay, so does this actually affect,
732
00:37:19,916 --> 00:37:21,546
you know, like what is advertised?
733
00:37:22,006 --> 00:37:25,576
Like when I type in 192.168.0.0
is this guy going
734
00:37:25,576 --> 00:37:29,436
to say I know about the 192.168.0.0 network?
735
00:37:29,976 --> 00:37:31,086
No, it's not.
736
00:37:31,356 --> 00:37:32,976
This is simply an identifier.
737
00:37:32,976 --> 00:37:34,426
Just-- just like when I type in this,
738
00:37:34,426 --> 00:37:38,636
it's not going to say I know
about the 192.168.1.1 network.
739
00:37:38,636 --> 00:37:41,796
What happens when I type in this
network command is the router goes--
740
00:37:41,796 --> 00:37:44,576
goes and says oh look I have that interface.
741
00:37:44,896 --> 00:37:49,216
It's in that network or I know I guess
I'm based on the command I type below.
742
00:37:49,216 --> 00:37:50,496
I have that interface.
743
00:37:50,736 --> 00:37:54,066
So it says okay, well let me-- let me
look at that interface's configuration.
744
00:37:54,356 --> 00:37:57,326
I'll do a sure-run interface 0.0.0/0.
745
00:37:57,326 --> 00:37:58,936
And it says oh, well it looks
746
00:37:58,936 --> 00:38:04,466
like this interface has the configuration
192.168.2.1 with this subnet mask.
747
00:38:04,466 --> 00:38:11,056
So it looks and it goes oh okay, so it's
really connected to the 192.168.2.0 network.
748
00:38:11,646 --> 00:38:14,176
The router is smart enough to
put all the pieces together.
749
00:38:14,476 --> 00:38:20,086
This network command does not impact the
actual network that is being advertised.
750
00:38:20,086 --> 00:38:23,916
Now, it could just happen to
line up for example if I type
751
00:38:23,916 --> 00:38:29,676
in this command right here network 192.168.2.0
that that does happen to be the network
752
00:38:29,676 --> 00:38:31,826
that is advertised over to router two.
753
00:38:32,046 --> 00:38:33,716
But that just happens then.
754
00:38:33,716 --> 00:38:36,486
All of these other, every single
one of these commands would work.
755
00:38:36,486 --> 00:38:37,846
This would make OSPF work.
756
00:38:38,006 --> 00:38:38,526
This would.
757
00:38:38,526 --> 00:38:38,976
This would.
758
00:38:38,976 --> 00:38:39,606
These would.
759
00:38:39,766 --> 00:38:40,986
They all do the same thing.
760
00:38:41,116 --> 00:38:43,216
And all their goal is to identify.
761
00:38:43,216 --> 00:38:45,476
Think of it-- think of these
routers as standing and looking
762
00:38:45,476 --> 00:38:47,066
at its interface like a line up of people.
763
00:38:47,256 --> 00:38:48,966
And it's about ready to play dodge ball, right?
764
00:38:48,966 --> 00:38:53,936
And it's like I want you and I want
you and I want you on my team, right?
765
00:38:53,936 --> 00:38:56,366
And the little interfaces walk
forward and they're like yes.
766
00:38:56,366 --> 00:38:57,486
And he goes okay, now who are you?
767
00:38:57,616 --> 00:39:00,676
And he's like oh my name is 192.168.2, right?
768
00:39:00,676 --> 00:39:04,246
So-- so this, the network command
just picks the people for dodge ball.
769
00:39:04,486 --> 00:39:06,156
It picks the interfaces for dodge ball.
770
00:39:06,346 --> 00:39:11,666
It does not actually dictate that this
is exactly what is being advertised.
771
00:39:12,766 --> 00:39:13,436
Okay, good.
772
00:39:13,746 --> 00:39:14,956
Now there's one more piece.
773
00:39:14,956 --> 00:39:17,426
I told you it's the biggest
command, most important command
774
00:39:17,426 --> 00:39:19,576
in everything that we're doing here.
775
00:39:19,996 --> 00:39:22,376
One more piece to this network command, right?
776
00:39:22,676 --> 00:39:23,746
And notice I hit the enter key.
777
00:39:23,746 --> 00:39:27,336
And it's like okay, you got the wild card
mask but it's still an incomplete command.
778
00:39:27,336 --> 00:39:29,696
Like there is more to this
command than what you've type in.
779
00:39:29,696 --> 00:39:31,146
So I go okay well what else do you want?
780
00:39:31,146 --> 00:39:35,006
And it would say, oh you need to
tell me what area this network is in.
781
00:39:35,256 --> 00:39:38,866
Now this is that bucket of sand
I was talking about a moment ago.
782
00:39:38,866 --> 00:39:43,146
We're just going to configure
everything in the backbone area,
783
00:39:43,146 --> 00:39:48,186
the very first area we create
which is always area zero, okay?
784
00:39:48,556 --> 00:39:50,776
Now we hit the enter key and we get nothing.
785
00:39:51,176 --> 00:39:53,046
Nothing is always good in Cisco.
786
00:39:53,226 --> 00:39:54,356
That means it took the command.
787
00:39:54,556 --> 00:39:56,926
It's now working in that configuration.
788
00:39:56,926 --> 00:40:00,146
So I can say okay, you've identified
well hey let's-- let's do this.
789
00:40:00,146 --> 00:40:01,716
I'm going to say no network.
790
00:40:01,716 --> 00:40:04,586
I'm going to remove that command and
I'm going to use Cisco's best practice.
791
00:40:04,586 --> 00:40:07,026
Let's do 2.1, right?
792
00:40:07,026 --> 00:40:10,266
With a wild card mask of 0.0.0.0.
793
00:40:10,396 --> 00:40:15,206
Identify specifically that when
interface to use over to the other office.
794
00:40:15,206 --> 00:40:18,426
And then let's hit the upper
row and identify 1.1.
795
00:40:19,126 --> 00:40:21,346
The LAN interface to use up here.
796
00:40:21,726 --> 00:40:27,186
So-- so we are again remember the two things we
are now sending hello's out these interfaces.
797
00:40:27,446 --> 00:40:31,636
And we are identifying both of these
as networks advertised to our friends.
798
00:40:32,536 --> 00:40:36,176
Now I said sending hello's out both
799
00:40:36,176 --> 00:40:38,666
to these interfaces although it's
not happening here 'cause we use--
800
00:40:38,666 --> 00:40:41,126
remember that passive interface default command?
801
00:40:41,126 --> 00:40:42,366
And that's-- that's still in there.
802
00:40:42,366 --> 00:40:43,996
It's still taking effect and that's fine.
803
00:40:43,996 --> 00:40:45,926
We don't have any neighbors
outside of that interface.
804
00:40:45,926 --> 00:40:52,876
Okay. So now we can come over to
router two so router two, right there.
805
00:40:52,876 --> 00:40:56,146
Bring them into the picture.
806
00:40:56,146 --> 00:40:58,496
Let's do get a quick orientation of router two.
807
00:40:59,356 --> 00:41:01,536
We'll go much faster now
without all the descriptions.
808
00:41:01,536 --> 00:41:04,296
So we've got 192.168.3.1.
809
00:41:04,296 --> 00:41:04,816
Looks good.
810
00:41:04,816 --> 00:41:06,806
That's the LAN interface looking at the diagram.
811
00:41:06,806 --> 00:41:10,376
191.168.2.2 that's the LAN interface.
812
00:41:10,376 --> 00:41:15,596
Let's just make sure we can ping 192.168.2.1,
813
00:41:15,596 --> 00:41:18,466
just kind of getting some trouble
shooting all the way before we get there.
814
00:41:18,466 --> 00:41:19,566
And then I'll do router OSPF.
815
00:41:19,566 --> 00:41:21,106
And it says, what's your proximity?
816
00:41:21,106 --> 00:41:22,276
Could I make this 60,000?
817
00:41:22,276 --> 00:41:22,516
Yes, I could.
818
00:41:22,516 --> 00:41:23,956
And it would work just fine but then I got
819
00:41:23,956 --> 00:41:26,896
to remember 60,000 every time
I go and configure this router.
820
00:41:26,896 --> 00:41:27,946
No, just use one.
821
00:41:28,136 --> 00:41:37,686
So then I'm going to go in here and
type in network 192.168.2.2.000 area 0.
822
00:41:38,096 --> 00:41:49,326
Hit the enter key and network oh, oh it happened
so fast 192.168.3.1.0.0.0 oops-- 0.0.0.0 area 0.
823
00:41:50,286 --> 00:41:51,426
Did you see that message?
824
00:41:51,586 --> 00:41:53,496
See why these messages are so golden?
825
00:41:53,736 --> 00:41:56,046
You don't want to turn those off.
826
00:41:56,046 --> 00:41:58,216
And it says OSPF adjacency change.
827
00:41:58,216 --> 00:41:59,886
That's what that ADJ change means.
828
00:41:59,886 --> 00:42:05,106
Process ID one, we just saw
a neighbor 192.168.2.1.
829
00:42:05,106 --> 00:42:05,676
That's-- that's our friend.
830
00:42:05,676 --> 00:42:09,626
That's router one over there on serial
0, I just went from loading to full.
831
00:42:10,116 --> 00:42:12,176
Later on, you'll actually
learn about all of the--
832
00:42:12,176 --> 00:42:16,346
the phases that a neighbor goes through
initially it could go through and an in-it phase
833
00:42:16,346 --> 00:42:17,576
and you go through a two-way phase.
834
00:42:17,576 --> 00:42:20,926
And you go through X start
exchange, loading, full,
835
00:42:20,926 --> 00:42:22,636
you go through all these
different phases of neighbor.
836
00:42:22,636 --> 00:42:26,686
But it only reports the big one, meaning
I now have a full neighbor relationship.
837
00:42:26,866 --> 00:42:27,936
How do we verify that?
838
00:42:28,496 --> 00:42:32,036
Let's go back and do a show IP OSPF neighbors.
839
00:42:32,036 --> 00:42:35,596
That would say that's your number one
troubleshooting command right there for OSPF.
840
00:42:35,596 --> 00:42:42,176
And I can see right there on the screen it
says 192.168.2.1 is at a full neighbor state.
841
00:42:42,916 --> 00:42:45,436
We've-- we've-- we're now fully
exchanging routes between them.
842
00:42:45,436 --> 00:42:48,706
So how do I prove that this
is working to me, okay?
843
00:42:49,086 --> 00:42:53,536
I do show IP Route and this is
from router two's perspective.
844
00:42:53,886 --> 00:43:02,936
And I can see in my two connecting interfaces
and-- OSPF whoa, has done its deal 192.168.1.1
845
00:43:02,936 --> 00:43:05,746
or 1.0 network it now knows about it.
846
00:43:05,746 --> 00:43:07,896
OSPF has advertised that to us.
847
00:43:07,896 --> 00:43:10,536
I can see it now-- what's all these other stuff.
848
00:43:10,576 --> 00:43:14,046
This, the 110 represents
the administrative distance.
849
00:43:14,046 --> 00:43:18,026
Remember from the last nugget
the believability of OSPF.
850
00:43:18,026 --> 00:43:20,146
How believable is that route to me?
851
00:43:20,446 --> 00:43:23,076
I can see 74, that's the actual metric.
852
00:43:23,076 --> 00:43:23,886
That's the cost.
853
00:43:23,886 --> 00:43:26,436
How much-- how much does
it cost me to get there?
854
00:43:26,436 --> 00:43:27,626
Now how was that figured out?
855
00:43:27,846 --> 00:43:33,906
Well it was-- it was based on
the interface bandwidth in--
856
00:43:34,296 --> 00:43:38,826
in megabits per second, divided by 100.
857
00:43:39,356 --> 00:43:43,916
Now it-- it-- I'm trying to figure
out how-- how to end up getting to 74.
858
00:43:43,916 --> 00:43:47,216
But, you know, essentially just doing the
math whatever this bandwidth is set to for
859
00:43:47,216 --> 00:43:50,006
that LAN link, I think it's
two megabits per second.
860
00:43:50,266 --> 00:43:53,336
And then this bandwidth is set
too for-- for that LAN link.
861
00:43:53,336 --> 00:43:54,576
I don't know what it is.
862
00:43:54,576 --> 00:43:56,436
But it puts it into this formula.
863
00:43:56,666 --> 00:43:58,876
Totals them up and says okay,
that's going to be--
864
00:43:58,876 --> 00:44:02,216
that is actually equal to the
cost which is the metric of OSPF.
865
00:44:02,216 --> 00:44:04,156
So it cost me 74 to get there.
866
00:44:04,266 --> 00:44:05,416
Where did I learn about it?
867
00:44:05,416 --> 00:44:09,276
192.168.2.1, how long have
I known about this route?
868
00:44:09,416 --> 00:44:10,436
59 seconds.
869
00:44:10,436 --> 00:44:14,206
How-- how what interface do I
go out of to reach that route?
870
00:44:14,206 --> 00:44:17,286
00/0, so now of course the
ultimate test is always
871
00:44:17,286 --> 00:44:21,886
to ping it 192.168.1.1 and success we are there.
872
00:44:21,886 --> 00:44:24,206
Let's shoot over to router one because
it should be feeling the same way.
873
00:44:24,736 --> 00:44:28,876
Notice without typing anything it gave us
that status message we have a new neighbor.
874
00:44:29,176 --> 00:44:30,696
Show IP OSPF Neighbor.
875
00:44:32,236 --> 00:44:34,596
Verify that the neighbor is there.
876
00:44:34,596 --> 00:44:35,496
Show IP Route.
877
00:44:35,726 --> 00:44:41,756
And I can see I've learned
about the 192.168.3.0 network.
878
00:44:41,996 --> 00:44:43,886
Got to ping it just to feel
good about ourselves.
879
00:44:43,886 --> 00:44:44,366
And there it is.
880
00:44:44,366 --> 00:44:44,906
We're pinging it.
881
00:44:44,906 --> 00:44:45,766
We're successful.
882
00:44:45,996 --> 00:44:49,506
This is the neighbor that we
learned from OSPF is in action.
883
00:44:49,506 --> 00:44:53,426
Okay, only other troubleshooting
commands, like verify.
884
00:44:53,426 --> 00:44:55,216
Let's see-- how else can we see this is working?
885
00:44:55,216 --> 00:44:56,966
I can do a show IP Protocols.
886
00:44:57,326 --> 00:45:01,466
Show IP Protocols shows us what routing
protocols are running on our router.
887
00:45:01,806 --> 00:45:04,756
And I can see OSPF process one is running.
888
00:45:05,026 --> 00:45:08,896
I can see it's advertising or routing for
the networks 192 and it shows, you know,
889
00:45:08,896 --> 00:45:10,216
the network commands that I've typed in.
890
00:45:10,496 --> 00:45:13,296
It says here are the interfaces
that are configured as passive.
891
00:45:13,476 --> 00:45:14,486
That's kind of cool.
892
00:45:14,926 --> 00:45:17,156
It's even showing us that and
you'll notice serial zeros.
893
00:45:17,156 --> 00:45:19,436
So zero is the only one not in that list.
894
00:45:19,436 --> 00:45:21,286
And then down here I see the sources.
895
00:45:21,286 --> 00:45:22,576
This is-- this is some neighbors.
896
00:45:22,576 --> 00:45:24,626
These are some friends that I've learned about.
897
00:45:24,626 --> 00:45:29,436
Last update was three minutes ago because, you
know, now they're sitting there nice and idle.
898
00:45:29,436 --> 00:45:30,156
What are they doing?
899
00:45:30,156 --> 00:45:35,046
I mean if I were to do a debug
IP OSPF, what do we got here?
900
00:45:35,046 --> 00:45:37,146
Let's do packet.
901
00:45:37,146 --> 00:45:43,526
All I would see, there is hello messages.
902
00:45:43,526 --> 00:45:45,936
Now you might say well, how did
you know it's a hello message?
903
00:45:45,936 --> 00:45:47,116
'Cause I know that's all I should see.
904
00:45:47,376 --> 00:45:51,986
You can actually-- you can actually go and
break down each one of these-- these fields.
905
00:45:52,316 --> 00:45:56,346
And they mean something to where you
can see this is OSPF version two.
906
00:45:56,566 --> 00:45:58,446
This packet is type one.
907
00:45:58,446 --> 00:46:01,096
It just so happens that type
one is a hello packet.
908
00:46:01,096 --> 00:46:03,736
There are all kinds of different
types of packets that are out there.
909
00:46:04,046 --> 00:46:05,536
What is the length of the packet?
910
00:46:05,536 --> 00:46:08,836
What is the router ID, essentially
what is my name when I'm--
911
00:46:08,836 --> 00:46:12,866
when I'm or the name of the
router that's sending this packet?
912
00:46:13,016 --> 00:46:14,466
What is the authentication ID?
913
00:46:14,466 --> 00:46:18,446
I mean you can actually configure
authentications really easy to make sure
914
00:46:18,446 --> 00:46:23,056
that oh what am I-- did say
authen-- no I just made that up.
915
00:46:23,056 --> 00:46:25,806
Area ID, I don't know why I
was thinking authentication.
916
00:46:26,066 --> 00:46:29,296
Area ID. It actually puts
it in the IP address format.
917
00:46:29,296 --> 00:46:30,596
This is area zero.
918
00:46:31,006 --> 00:46:32,496
You'll see little check sum on there.
919
00:46:32,496 --> 00:46:35,206
You know this is the-- that's why I was saying
authen-- this is the authentication here.
920
00:46:35,206 --> 00:46:36,826
What kind of authentication are you using?
921
00:46:37,046 --> 00:46:39,476
OSPF supports clear techs, not very good.
922
00:46:39,696 --> 00:46:44,236
And MD5 hashing, very good--
authentication between the different devices
923
00:46:44,236 --> 00:46:45,836
and then what interface they came in on.
924
00:46:45,836 --> 00:46:49,626
Now-- now, I'm seeing this is like--
and those are coming in every so often.
925
00:46:49,896 --> 00:46:55,206
I can do a show IP OSPF Interface and say well
show me, you know, for instance serial 0/0.
926
00:46:55,476 --> 00:46:58,436
And I can say oh serial 0 is
a point to point interface.
927
00:46:58,436 --> 00:46:59,396
That's the kind it is.
928
00:46:59,396 --> 00:47:02,846
And I'm saying hello every 10 seconds on there.
929
00:47:03,186 --> 00:47:06,386
Somebody is going to be considered dead
if they don't speak for 40 seconds.
930
00:47:06,386 --> 00:47:10,026
And do you get that feel about how often
these-- these little packs are showing up?
931
00:47:10,086 --> 00:47:11,266
It's about once every 10 seconds.
932
00:47:11,266 --> 00:47:11,706
There it is.
933
00:47:11,706 --> 00:47:12,516
There is it.
934
00:47:12,516 --> 00:47:17,036
So-- so some key show commands
that you can use to really see kind
935
00:47:17,036 --> 00:47:18,796
of dig a little bit more of what's going on.
936
00:47:18,796 --> 00:47:20,236
Essentially watch the magic happen
937
00:47:20,236 --> 00:47:22,526
but understand a little more
of how the magic is working.
938
00:47:23,266 --> 00:47:26,426
Can you believe that I thought I
could fit all that into one nugget?
939
00:47:26,746 --> 00:47:27,706
Yeah, crazy right?
940
00:47:28,096 --> 00:47:33,326
So-- so let me-- let me just
wrap this all up because I want
941
00:47:33,416 --> 00:47:35,696
to give you the big picture perspective.
942
00:47:36,056 --> 00:47:39,306
I don't know how long this nugget
is because I'm still talking.
943
00:47:39,376 --> 00:47:42,786
But-- but it probably is I'm
guessing about 30 minutes long
944
00:47:42,786 --> 00:47:45,456
or so that we've been talking about this now.
945
00:47:45,456 --> 00:47:52,106
But I want you to notice, all of this
boil down to really two commands, right?
946
00:47:52,586 --> 00:47:56,416
Router, OSPF and we did the
process ID one, right?
947
00:47:56,416 --> 00:47:58,886
And then network and then
we typed in the network,
948
00:47:58,886 --> 00:48:01,346
the wild card mask and the
area ID and that was it.
949
00:48:01,346 --> 00:48:04,436
And now I threw in the passive
interface and some show commands for fun.
950
00:48:04,706 --> 00:48:07,596
But really 30 minutes boil down to two commands.
951
00:48:07,596 --> 00:48:10,266
Now, I know your-- that wasn't efficient.
952
00:48:10,506 --> 00:48:12,476
We could-- we could have done that in 5 minutes.
953
00:48:12,476 --> 00:48:17,666
Well the point is, there's a ton
of configurations in Cisco that--
954
00:48:17,796 --> 00:48:23,416
that are two minutes long but it takes
hours of understanding the concepts
955
00:48:23,416 --> 00:48:25,066
of what you're doing behind there.
956
00:48:25,066 --> 00:48:29,896
The thing I'm trying to convey right now
is make sure that sometimes it's so easy
957
00:48:29,896 --> 00:48:31,856
to get caught up in I've got remember syntax.
958
00:48:31,856 --> 00:48:33,056
I've got to remember these commands.
959
00:48:33,056 --> 00:48:35,996
And yes, yes you do have to
remember commands to type in.
960
00:48:35,996 --> 00:48:38,886
But remember that the commands
are the easy part.
961
00:48:39,086 --> 00:48:41,016
Anybody can go on Google and type
962
00:48:41,016 --> 00:48:44,676
in give me example OSPF configurations
and be like oh there it is.
963
00:48:44,676 --> 00:48:46,916
I can-- I can type that in
and it starts working.
964
00:48:47,236 --> 00:48:49,986
But to really understand it, that's the key.
965
00:48:49,986 --> 00:48:53,336
That's what Cisco wants at the CCNA
levels, the understanding of what--
966
00:48:53,606 --> 00:48:55,036
what is that network command doing?
967
00:48:55,036 --> 00:49:00,626
What-- what are those two things that it impacts
when you go under the-- the network commands?
968
00:49:00,626 --> 00:49:05,776
So between this nugget in the last, we have
seen what routing protocols are all about,
969
00:49:05,776 --> 00:49:08,226
the jellybean jar of protocol choices,
970
00:49:08,226 --> 00:49:10,396
all the different flavors and
features that are out there.
971
00:49:10,686 --> 00:49:15,256
And then finally this nugget, we
looked OSPF concepts and configuration.
972
00:49:15,586 --> 00:49:18,466
I hope this has been informative for you
and I'd like to thank you for viewing.
87503
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