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can a pinhead-sized pellet
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be a murder weapon
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that this tiny bullet was in the body of
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a dead man
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this medieval instrument helps to
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predict the future
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and predicted the rise of Hitler centuries
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before
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this high-tech bird cage saved
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the lives of thousands of people
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not to use these birds
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[music]
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fascinating mysterious objects
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long hidden in museums, laboratories and
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archives,
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now we can use the latest
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technology to reveal their secrets
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[music]
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we can recreate them,
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disassemble
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and enlarge them
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and forget them
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[music]
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these are the strangest things in the world
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[music]
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in the London Crime Museum there is a
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tiny one Metal balls 1.7 mm in size,
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smaller than the head of a pin,
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it is the only evidence in a case
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that has kept the police busy for almost half a
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century. Using the
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latest technology, we are
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now able to extract its secret from the deadly bullet.
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This strange little ball was found in the
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body of a corpse
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Metal ball
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really looks quite innocent and is made
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of a harmless metal but the
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devil is in the details
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this ball is made of two of the
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most valuable rare metals on earth
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on the surface we can see small
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scratches but there are also two holes
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the diameter of the holes is only
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four times larger than that of human
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hair the two mini tunnels that
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run through the ball meet in the
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middle and form an
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]
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London September 8, 1978 the 49 year old
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Bulgarian playwright Georgi Markhof
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is admitted to the hospital at 11 p.m.
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he is in severe pain he is
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dizzy
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his white blood cell count
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is very high the doctors are at a loss
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his heart stops on September 11th at 10:40
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a.m
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The doctors say the
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cause of death was sepsis,
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blood poisoning caused by bacteria,
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but that is just a guess. The
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doctors don't know why the healthy
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man lost weight dramatically in a very short time
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and then died.
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However, before his
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death, Marktkauf expressed the suspicion that he had been
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the victim of an attack
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Ten years earlier, the author had left
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Bulgaria. The
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playwright and satirist, who was once celebrated in his homeland, became
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one of the
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most prominent critics of the Bulgarian
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regime in Great Britain, which was supported by the Soviet Union.
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At that time, the head chef was the dictator of
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Bulgaria
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and criticism of his rule was
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suspected The
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British police are planning an attack
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and an autopsy of the body is being carried out. The
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circumstances of the Bulgarian
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dissident's death are unclear.
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The pathologists discover a tiny
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puncture mark in the man's body as if
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something had been injected into the man. They
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cut out the wound and send
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it to the strict intestines secret
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British research center for
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biochemical weapons
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dear sample the laboratory doctors discover
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a tiny metal ball smaller than
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2 mm
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this is the ball
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magnified almost 1,000 times
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this tiny thing can actually
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be the cause of death
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we know toxic metals such as
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mercury and potassium
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there are some chemicals that
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are harmful to humans,
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a metal purchased from the market was poisoned,
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the
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analysis of the pellet showed that it consisted of
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almost 90% platinum and about 10% iridium,
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both of which are precious metals that
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react very slowly both chemically and biologically,
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not the cause of death,
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but what killed Georgi Markov
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[music]
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Two weeks after the attack, the
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British police received a call from Paris.
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Two weeks before Marktkauf was admitted to the hospital, there
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had
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been another incident.
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Vladimir Kostov. Another
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Bulgarian dissident felt
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a stab in his back while getting off the Paris metro.
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Krustdorf fell ill with similar
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symptoms to Marktkauf
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But Christoph
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also survives. The doctors treating him discover
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a small puncture mark on his
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back. They remove a tiny
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metal ball.
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On Thursday we took a
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metal object out of
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Mr. Christoph's back. We are
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pretty sure that it is an
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object of the same size and
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composition
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Police are sure that the
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solution to the mystery can be found in the metal ball
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[music]
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what was in the holes
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or
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5000 grams of a substance would
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have been enough to kill an adult man
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since biological substances
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produce different phenomena than those
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seen here Of course,
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the question would now be whether these are chemicals, i.e.
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chemical poisons, for example
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hydrogen cyanide or arsenic, but these substances
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must be present in much higher quantities
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than the quantities seen here at Marktkauf,
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so these
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substances could also be removed from the list in just
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one category of poisons comes into question
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the next group of substances that now
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comes into consideration are simply biological
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substances from nature from plants
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spiders snails everything that crawls
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and is moist and particularly poisonous
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a biological toxin is different
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from the rest, whatever it was in this
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little ball had to travel through the
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entire body of market purchase
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in very small quantities and it
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then caused bleeding and severe
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physical symptoms but
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left no trace.
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Scientists identify the
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substance
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Ricin
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Ricin can be obtained very, very easily, which is
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perhaps why it was
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chosen not just because it is special
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is toxic because it comes from the
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remains of the oil production so there are
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huge amounts of waste and
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there is the ricin in it so it is
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actually a waste product that you
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can easily get it is inexpensive
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and it is very very easily available
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we pull blocked the
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Protein production by the cells as soon as it
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gets into the bloodstream
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there is a danger to life
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[music]
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we pull creates very typical
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symptoms of poisoning you have a
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lot of white blood cells that try to
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somehow fight whatever is
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going on then vomiting
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headaches
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stomach ache all very typical symptoms
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of poisoning and the
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market purchase It is exactly this that one can
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assume that he was poisoned,
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but why did Christoph survive in Paris
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in France? It was almost identical to the one
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in the market purchase body. But the
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ball was not empty,
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poison but filled with wax. The
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investigators suspect that the wax paint
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acts as a stopper. The ball was
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the one The delivery container for the poison
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was inside, covered in wax,
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until the bullet entered the body,
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then the wax heated up and released
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the poison.
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The experts assume that Christoph
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was lucky, the bullet hit him in the
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back, where the
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blood vessels are larger The
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body had already
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mobilized its defenses before the wax
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could melt and release the poison.
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In Kostorf's case, the man who survived,
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it was also quite good that
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blood clots prevented the
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poison from coming out of the small ball at all,
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but also the wax was used to
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seal the holes or the tunnel
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was used to dissolve
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the method could appear
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but it was not unusual in times of the Cold War
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it sounds like something out of a James Bond film
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but at that time the Cold War was raging
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they worked with secret weapons with
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objects that were hidden in other objects
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nothing unusual in That
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was the world of spies at that time.
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Poisoning by secret services is
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something completely normal. In the 1960s,
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for example, the American
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secret service considered whether they would poison the leader
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of Cuba with a box of his
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favorite cigars into which they put
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botulinus toxin or in the
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70s Years ago they developed a kind of violet
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where a poison that was
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obtained from a sea animal is
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administered, which creates even a
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small red dot, a small
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skin lesion, so that's unfortunately
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something completely normal,
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died bizarrely due to a minimal amount of ricin in
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a tiny ball
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is how the poison got into his body
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[music]
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before his death he tells
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a story in the hospital that is
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reminiscent of John Lee's thrillers
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on the afternoon of September 7th he is
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shopping at the market on the way to his
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job at the BBC he crosses
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the Waterloo bridge and poses At
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the bus stop he suddenly feels
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a pang in his thigh. Someone
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apologizes. He turns around
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and sees an unknown person
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picking up an umbrella and getting into a taxi
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and driving away. A few hours later
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the symptoms set in.
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The umbrella was the weapon for both him and him
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its unknown owner has also
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disappeared
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[music]
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a year goes by and the police are
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still at a loss
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only a decade later there is a
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trace
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an aunt on November 10, 1989 one day
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after the fall of the wall the
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Bulgarian dictator Schiffdorf is
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chased from office
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secrets of the communist regime
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are revealed. The investigators make
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a discovery in the Ministry of the Interior. They
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come across manipulated umbrellas from which
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small metal projectiles
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can be fired.
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Now you know that there
291
00:14:02,279 --> 00:14:05,880
were actually umbrella guns and how they
292
00:14:05,880 --> 00:14:07,940
worked.
293
00:14:07,940 --> 00:14:10,579
It looks like a normal umbrella
294
00:14:10,579 --> 00:14:13,399
but the button is used to open it When pressed,
295
00:14:13,399 --> 00:14:15,420
the gas contained in a cylinder is released so
296
00:14:15,420 --> 00:14:17,760
that the ball is
297
00:14:17,760 --> 00:14:20,459
pushed forward with pressure so that it can
298
00:14:20,459 --> 00:14:23,300
penetrate the victim.
299
00:14:26,339 --> 00:14:31,079
Now the police know how Marko died
300
00:14:31,079 --> 00:14:34,880
but who was the shooter?
301
00:14:37,860 --> 00:14:40,740
There are a lot of suspects for
302
00:14:40,740 --> 00:14:43,760
the man with the umbrella
303
00:14:44,540 --> 00:14:47,940
underneath Francesco Galeno, who
304
00:14:47,940 --> 00:14:49,980
probably worked for the Bulgarian government,
305
00:14:49,980 --> 00:14:52,380
306
00:14:52,380 --> 00:14:54,480
we know that he was in London several times, including
307
00:14:54,480 --> 00:14:56,699
at the time of the
308
00:14:56,699 --> 00:14:59,399
attack on Marktkauf, we also know
309
00:14:59,399 --> 00:15:03,300
that he traveled to Rome the following day,
310
00:15:03,300 --> 00:15:05,579
he says he was in the right place at the right time. In
311
00:15:05,579 --> 00:15:07,040
312
00:15:07,040 --> 00:15:11,300
1993, Interpol questioned him
313
00:15:11,300 --> 00:15:16,019
There is no evidence, only circumstantial evidence.
314
00:15:16,019 --> 00:15:20,160
Galeno always dies Gust 2021 for the
315
00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:24,440
murder of Marktkauf he is never named.
316
00:15:25,100 --> 00:15:27,959
Even today the only evidence is an
317
00:15:27,959 --> 00:15:30,899
unusual metal ball barely the size of a pin head.
318
00:15:30,899 --> 00:15:33,899
319
00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:40,199
Regardless of the perpetrator, it is certain that sometimes
320
00:15:40,199 --> 00:15:42,180
terrible things come in very
321
00:15:42,180 --> 00:15:45,440
small packages
322
00:15:49,639 --> 00:15:52,620
in the history of science The
323
00:15:52,620 --> 00:15:55,199
Oxford University Museum houses an
324
00:15:55,199 --> 00:15:58,459
unusual device.
325
00:15:58,459 --> 00:16:01,139
This elegant and complex device
326
00:16:01,139 --> 00:16:03,000
is hundreds of years old and oscillates
327
00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:06,620
between science and superstition. We do
328
00:16:08,040 --> 00:16:09,959
n't yet understand exactly how it
329
00:16:09,959 --> 00:16:12,620
works.
330
00:16:13,680 --> 00:16:15,959
The secret of this miraculous instrument is to be revealed using the most modern technology.
331
00:16:15,959 --> 00:16:18,360
332
00:16:18,360 --> 00:16:20,899
333
00:16:21,300 --> 00:16:24,420
Its elaborately engraved discs are
334
00:16:24,420 --> 00:16:27,480
almost 8 inches
335
00:16:27,480 --> 00:16:32,300
There are wheels wide on both sides, what is
336
00:16:32,300 --> 00:16:36,300
it all about?
337
00:16:36,300 --> 00:16:38,940
This device predicts what is happening in the sky,
338
00:16:38,940 --> 00:16:40,860
339
00:16:40,860 --> 00:16:43,630
but it is not only used for astronomy
340
00:16:43,630 --> 00:16:46,220
[music],
341
00:16:46,220 --> 00:16:48,480
several signs also indicate a
342
00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:52,220
use in medicine
343
00:16:52,760 --> 00:16:53,940
[music],
344
00:16:53,940 --> 00:16:56,730
but what is special is its owner
345
00:16:56,730 --> 00:17:02,940
[ Music]
346
00:17:02,940 --> 00:17:05,760
a man who claimed to be
347
00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:08,839
able to predict the events of the world.
348
00:17:08,839 --> 00:17:11,220
The owner was a man who had
349
00:17:11,220 --> 00:17:14,220
350
00:17:14,220 --> 00:17:18,439
predicted the rise of Hitler centuries before.
351
00:17:18,559 --> 00:17:22,520
His name was Nostradamus.
352
00:17:22,640 --> 00:17:25,380
Experts believe that Nostradamus
353
00:17:25,380 --> 00:17:29,360
made his predictions with this device.
354
00:17:29,480 --> 00:17:32,220
The instrument allows a glimpse into
355
00:17:32,220 --> 00:17:34,340
the future
356
00:17:34,340 --> 00:17:37,340
exactly it is
357
00:17:37,340 --> 00:17:39,600
a medical
358
00:17:39,600 --> 00:17:43,799
device who is Nostradamus he could
359
00:17:43,799 --> 00:17:45,660
actually use it to predict the future
360
00:17:45,660 --> 00:17:48,260
361
00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:54,419
this device is a star altimeter
362
00:17:54,419 --> 00:17:57,860
or astrolabe
363
00:17:57,860 --> 00:18:00,320
the front is a
364
00:18:00,320 --> 00:18:04,640
two-dimensional map of the night sky
365
00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:07,559
the firmament in the evening is projected onto this
366
00:18:07,559 --> 00:18:10,260
flat plane similar to the
367
00:18:10,260 --> 00:18:11,940
earth's surface shown on an ordinary
368
00:18:11,940 --> 00:18:14,039
world map in two dimensions
369
00:18:14,039 --> 00:18:16,880
370
00:18:21,740 --> 00:18:24,660
the name astrolabe comes from the
371
00:18:24,660 --> 00:18:29,360
Greek and means star taker
372
00:18:30,620 --> 00:18:35,600
holds supports the entire universe
373
00:18:36,980 --> 00:18:39,660
it consists of several movable
374
00:18:39,660 --> 00:18:41,880
elements with which the height of a particular star can be determined at a
375
00:18:41,880 --> 00:18:44,220
particular moment in a particular
376
00:18:44,220 --> 00:18:46,919
place
377
00:18:46,919 --> 00:18:48,440
378
00:18:48,440 --> 00:18:51,360
it receives In the truest sense of the word,
379
00:18:51,360 --> 00:18:54,380
the night sky
380
00:18:55,740 --> 00:18:59,900
but astronomy can do even more.
381
00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:06,120
You can use it to measure distances and
382
00:19:06,120 --> 00:19:08,299
calculate the height of houses.
383
00:19:08,299 --> 00:19:12,000
The tides can be predicted.
384
00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:14,580
Special astrolabes were used for
385
00:19:14,580 --> 00:19:15,500
navigation.
386
00:19:15,500 --> 00:19:18,179
In the 10th century a
387
00:19:18,179 --> 00:19:19,679
philosopher wrote about a thousand
388
00:19:19,679 --> 00:19:22,679
possible applications.
389
00:19:23,580 --> 00:19:25,500
This example is particularly
390
00:19:25,500 --> 00:19:30,559
interesting Because it's more than all that, it's
391
00:19:30,559 --> 00:19:34,620
two devices in one.
392
00:19:34,620 --> 00:19:36,780
The front is used to look at
393
00:19:36,780 --> 00:19:39,260
the stars.
394
00:19:39,660 --> 00:19:43,940
The back shows the planets
395
00:19:45,780 --> 00:19:50,360
up to escode. We call it equatorium.
396
00:19:50,360 --> 00:19:53,160
Planets move more than stars,
397
00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:56,100
hence the name planet means wanderer.
398
00:19:56,100 --> 00:19:58,620
Planets are objects similar to stars
399
00:19:58,620 --> 00:20:01,760
in the sky hiking
400
00:20:03,080 --> 00:20:05,820
the equatorium refers to the
401
00:20:05,820 --> 00:20:09,080
past and future will
402
00:20:12,740 --> 00:20:16,320
be located and reconstruct where
403
00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:19,520
they were in the past
404
00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:25,140
give you in one with the equatorium
405
00:20:25,140 --> 00:20:27,299
we recognize every movement in the
406
00:20:27,299 --> 00:20:30,380
nighttime firmament
407
00:20:31,880 --> 00:20:35,100
astrolabe and equatorium in one that
408
00:20:35,100 --> 00:20:37,880
is indeed unusual
409
00:20:37,880 --> 00:20:40,500
we only own three devices
410
00:20:40,500 --> 00:20:42,419
of these today Type and we are still deciphering them they are
411
00:20:42,419 --> 00:20:44,660
412
00:20:47,220 --> 00:20:49,200
highly precise
413
00:20:49,200 --> 00:20:52,039
instruments
414
00:20:53,340 --> 00:20:55,919
the astrolabe is not only beautiful it
415
00:20:55,919 --> 00:20:58,799
is also very precise complex calculations were required to determine the correct
416
00:20:58,799 --> 00:21:00,600
size of the individual elements
417
00:21:00,600 --> 00:21:03,000
418
00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:05,600
419
00:21:07,750 --> 00:21:09,720
[music]
420
00:21:09,720 --> 00:21:11,640
but this device actually belonged
421
00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:15,860
to the legendary Nostradamus
422
00:21:20,340 --> 00:21:22,500
There is evidence to support this theory
423
00:21:22,500 --> 00:21:24,370
424
00:21:24,370 --> 00:21:25,860
[music]
425
00:21:25,860 --> 00:21:28,080
the astronomium was owned by
426
00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:30,419
the rich French family who
427
00:21:30,419 --> 00:21:32,000
lives
428
00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:35,170
who had a famous neighbor
429
00:21:35,170 --> 00:21:37,159
[music]
430
00:21:37,159 --> 00:21:39,720
Nostradamus or Michelle de nostre Dame
431
00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:41,760
432
00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:45,980
433
00:21:46,559 --> 00:21:48,179
probably lived near the du mondeurvey for the last 19 years of his life The
434
00:21:48,179 --> 00:21:49,559
prominent citizens of the small
435
00:21:49,559 --> 00:21:52,159
town knew each other, it is
436
00:21:52,559 --> 00:21:55,320
assumed that the Fertilization Dörrwil family
437
00:21:55,320 --> 00:21:58,440
warmed the astrolabe after Nostradamus's
438
00:21:58,440 --> 00:21:58,910
death
439
00:21:58,910 --> 00:22:00,299
[music]
440
00:22:00,299 --> 00:22:03,780
they had the money for it
441
00:22:03,780 --> 00:22:06,419
on the device itself, there is
442
00:22:06,419 --> 00:22:09,059
another indication
443
00:22:09,059 --> 00:22:12,240
here is the inscription in Kiev morby
444
00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:14,880
onset of the illness with the
445
00:22:14,880 --> 00:22:16,640
astrolabe The onset of
446
00:22:16,640 --> 00:22:19,620
febrile illnesses was calculated, which
447
00:22:19,620 --> 00:22:21,480
usually occurred at certain times of the
448
00:22:21,480 --> 00:22:23,700
year and had to be calculated that way.
449
00:22:23,700 --> 00:22:25,820
450
00:22:26,280 --> 00:22:28,440
The engraving is an indication of the
451
00:22:28,440 --> 00:22:29,720
owner.
452
00:22:29,720 --> 00:22:34,400
Diseases were Nostradamus' profession
453
00:22:35,539 --> 00:22:39,299
was a doctor and had enough
454
00:22:39,299 --> 00:22:41,640
wealth to buy such an expensive instrument.
455
00:22:41,640 --> 00:22:44,059
456
00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:47,460
All in all it seems It is likely
457
00:22:47,460 --> 00:22:52,640
that the astrolabe belonged to Nostradamus,
458
00:22:54,780 --> 00:22:57,900
but why does your doctor need a device
459
00:22:57,900 --> 00:23:02,000
that reads stars and planets?
460
00:23:05,460 --> 00:23:07,860
In the Middle Ages, astronomy and
461
00:23:07,860 --> 00:23:12,380
astrology were important aspects of medicine.
462
00:23:12,380 --> 00:23:15,299
The belief was that there was a
463
00:23:15,299 --> 00:23:17,280
connection between what happened in the
464
00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:19,919
sky on earth and in the human
465
00:23:19,919 --> 00:23:21,220
body
466
00:23:21,220 --> 00:23:24,339
[Music ]
467
00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:28,159
that is understandable
468
00:23:28,159 --> 00:23:31,520
the moon influences the times
469
00:23:31,520 --> 00:23:34,740
why shouldn't other celestial bodies
470
00:23:34,740 --> 00:23:36,659
471
00:23:36,659 --> 00:23:38,960
have an impact on people's lives
472
00:23:40,799 --> 00:23:43,380
astrology has played a role in medicine for
473
00:23:43,380 --> 00:23:46,700
thousands of years
474
00:23:46,700 --> 00:23:49,380
ancient Greece developed
475
00:23:49,380 --> 00:23:51,539
the homo signorum around 300 BC
476
00:23:51,539 --> 00:23:53,280
after each body part
477
00:23:53,280 --> 00:23:55,580
is assigned a zodiac sign for
478
00:23:55,580 --> 00:23:58,620
each zodiac sign Constellation has
479
00:23:58,620 --> 00:24:00,840
specific properties that
480
00:24:00,840 --> 00:24:04,940
are transferred to the respective body part
481
00:24:06,260 --> 00:24:08,820
is assigned to the head Gemini
482
00:24:08,820 --> 00:24:10,140
the shoulders of Scorpio the
483
00:24:10,140 --> 00:24:12,179
genitals
484
00:24:12,179 --> 00:24:14,100
diseases are attributed to certain
485
00:24:14,100 --> 00:24:15,900
zodiac constellations
486
00:24:15,900 --> 00:24:19,080
Price Pisces Cancer and
487
00:24:19,080 --> 00:24:20,940
Capricorn cause ulcers
488
00:24:20,940 --> 00:24:22,919
Scales and fistulas Sagittarius and Gemini are
489
00:24:22,919 --> 00:24:24,720
490
00:24:24,720 --> 00:24:27,200
responsible for convulsions or epileptic seizures
491
00:24:28,260 --> 00:24:29,820
Planets Play
492
00:24:29,820 --> 00:24:31,860
an important role in medieval medicine
493
00:24:31,860 --> 00:24:34,100
494
00:24:35,600 --> 00:24:38,220
in a system, planets are related to
495
00:24:38,220 --> 00:24:40,380
body parts, Saturn controls
496
00:24:40,380 --> 00:24:42,000
the right ear and the spleen, for example,
497
00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:43,860
Jupiter rules the lungs and
498
00:24:43,860 --> 00:24:46,080
the arteries, Mercury watches over
499
00:24:46,080 --> 00:24:49,520
language, thinking and the law
500
00:24:50,460 --> 00:24:53,280
for a doctor like Nostradamus is the
501
00:24:53,280 --> 00:24:55,200
astrolabe an important
502
00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:56,810
diagnostic tool
503
00:24:56,810 --> 00:25:00,860
[music]
504
00:25:00,860 --> 00:25:03,240
for calculating a person's horoscope
505
00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:03,780
506
00:25:03,780 --> 00:25:06,200
[music]
507
00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:09,780
the sun, the moon and the planets
508
00:25:09,780 --> 00:25:12,260
are in position
509
00:25:12,559 --> 00:25:15,179
then he looks at the constellation of the
510
00:25:15,179 --> 00:25:16,799
zodiac signs when the disease breaks out
511
00:25:16,799 --> 00:25:19,080
only then does he decide which is the
512
00:25:19,080 --> 00:25:21,179
best day for bleeding out, bathing or
513
00:25:21,179 --> 00:25:23,280
sweating If he is based
514
00:25:23,280 --> 00:25:25,620
on the phases of the moon and the zodiac signs, then
515
00:25:25,620 --> 00:25:28,820
the equatorium is used.
516
00:25:28,820 --> 00:25:30,740
Nostradamus looks for the astrological sign relevant to the
517
00:25:30,740 --> 00:25:32,840
diagnosed illness.
518
00:25:32,840 --> 00:25:35,340
519
00:25:35,340 --> 00:25:37,380
Pages after Südamer. If it is a
520
00:25:37,380 --> 00:25:38,760
problem with the spine,
521
00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:40,320
he looks at the orbit of the sun. If
522
00:25:40,320 --> 00:25:42,360
it is the liver, he has to find Jupiter
523
00:25:42,360 --> 00:25:46,400
He uses his equatorium for this.
524
00:25:47,360 --> 00:25:49,799
Nostradamus uses the wisdom of the
525
00:25:49,799 --> 00:25:53,059
astrolabe not only in
526
00:25:53,059 --> 00:25:56,059
medical
527
00:25:57,440 --> 00:26:00,179
calculations and publishes his
528
00:26:00,179 --> 00:26:03,299
forecasts in a kind of Alma. His writings
529
00:26:03,299 --> 00:26:04,980
530
00:26:04,980 --> 00:26:07,860
also contain very practical facts for farmers and fishermen by
531
00:26:07,860 --> 00:26:09,960
532
00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:13,520
predicting the tides, sunrise and sunset
533
00:26:13,820 --> 00:26:16,260
Tips for the treatment
534
00:26:16,260 --> 00:26:19,100
of illnesses
535
00:26:21,140 --> 00:26:24,120
His readership extends far beyond those who
536
00:26:24,120 --> 00:26:26,340
only derive a purely practical
537
00:26:26,340 --> 00:26:30,140
benefit from his writings,
538
00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:35,400
but this is far from a
539
00:26:35,400 --> 00:26:38,640
prognosis about the rise of Hitler or
540
00:26:38,640 --> 00:26:42,000
the assassination of John F Kennedy,
541
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:46,620
how did Nostradamus become a prophet
542
00:26:46,620 --> 00:26:49,200
and what does that mean? strange device to do with it
543
00:26:49,200 --> 00:26:51,320
544
00:26:56,720 --> 00:27:00,779
Nostradamus lives in the 16th century
545
00:27:00,779 --> 00:27:05,720
it's a bad time to be a doctor
546
00:27:08,400 --> 00:27:11,940
a deadly disease is raging
547
00:27:11,940 --> 00:27:14,480
on the continent
548
00:27:16,039 --> 00:27:18,120
knows the cause because it doesn't
549
00:27:18,120 --> 00:27:20,360
follow any rhythm or pattern
550
00:27:20,360 --> 00:27:23,400
when it also takes away Nostradamus women children the
551
00:27:23,400 --> 00:27:25,980
doctor turns to the
552
00:27:25,980 --> 00:27:28,679
occult To the time of his
553
00:27:28,679 --> 00:27:31,700
prophecies begins
554
00:27:31,700 --> 00:27:34,080
Nostradamus wants to predict the future
555
00:27:34,080 --> 00:27:36,779
in order to prepare for another plague or
556
00:27:36,779 --> 00:27:40,640
other catastrophe.
557
00:27:42,059 --> 00:27:45,000
He spends hours meditating. He has
558
00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:48,179
hallucinations and visions that inspire him to make
559
00:27:48,179 --> 00:27:50,400
predictions.
560
00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:52,919
He decorates these with the astrolabe
561
00:27:52,919 --> 00:27:55,220
from
562
00:27:55,240 --> 00:27:56,720
[music]
563
00:27:56,720 --> 00:27:59,400
the possibility in a certain Being
564
00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:01,440
able to say at a moment that on a
565
00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:03,600
certain day this planet will be here and
566
00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:05,760
that star there seems to
567
00:28:05,760 --> 00:28:09,140
people a magical possibility.
568
00:28:09,860 --> 00:28:11,940
Nostradamus publishes his
569
00:28:11,940 --> 00:28:14,640
prophecies as so-called centurias
570
00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:17,150
in a compendium
571
00:28:17,150 --> 00:28:19,500
[music]
572
00:28:19,500 --> 00:28:22,140
he has to be discreet in order
573
00:28:22,140 --> 00:28:26,000
not to antagonize the Catholic Church
574
00:28:30,440 --> 00:28:33,179
Words in Latin and Greek
575
00:28:33,179 --> 00:28:37,220
to disguise his prophecies
576
00:28:37,220 --> 00:28:40,260
so he writes the great man will be
577
00:28:40,260 --> 00:28:42,960
thunderstruck which is later interpreted as the
578
00:28:42,960 --> 00:28:45,720
announcement of the murder of John F Kennedy
579
00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:48,320
580
00:28:49,850 --> 00:28:55,469
[music]
581
00:28:55,620 --> 00:28:58,580
this is a pretty vague statement
582
00:28:58,580 --> 00:29:01,440
the great man could be any ruler
583
00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:03,539
and a Thunderclap a
584
00:29:03,539 --> 00:29:06,419
gunshot or not maybe
585
00:29:06,419 --> 00:29:08,940
meant real thunder or
586
00:29:08,940 --> 00:29:11,840
another event
587
00:29:12,860 --> 00:29:15,779
supposedly Nostradamus also predicts the
588
00:29:15,779 --> 00:29:18,770
rise of Hitler
589
00:29:18,770 --> 00:29:22,880
[music]
590
00:29:22,880 --> 00:29:26,100
once it is said that a child of poor parents
591
00:29:26,100 --> 00:29:28,279
will become powerful in Europe,
592
00:29:28,279 --> 00:29:31,020
however many were born in poverty
593
00:29:31,020 --> 00:29:34,279
and later became powerful
594
00:29:34,320 --> 00:29:36,539
the problem of this Dare formulations
595
00:29:36,539 --> 00:29:38,520
is that they can mean anything
596
00:29:38,520 --> 00:29:40,760
597
00:29:43,460 --> 00:29:45,299
[music]
598
00:29:45,299 --> 00:29:48,480
but a prophecy is not a scales
599
00:29:48,480 --> 00:29:51,840
formulation On the eve of his death on
600
00:29:51,840 --> 00:29:55,820
July 1, 1566, he explains to his secretary
601
00:29:55,820 --> 00:29:58,200
that he will no longer find him alive the next morning,
602
00:29:58,200 --> 00:30:00,740
603
00:30:00,740 --> 00:30:03,960
the next day he dies, but
604
00:30:03,960 --> 00:30:06,000
one feels probably not well on the eve of his own
605
00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:09,860
death anyway
606
00:30:11,039 --> 00:30:13,140
the lively discussions about the
607
00:30:13,140 --> 00:30:15,419
accuracy of the prophecies continue
608
00:30:15,419 --> 00:30:17,600
today
609
00:30:17,600 --> 00:30:20,039
Nostradamus always emphasized that his
610
00:30:20,039 --> 00:30:21,899
predictions
611
00:30:21,899 --> 00:30:25,260
were based on astronomical calculations that he could have
612
00:30:25,260 --> 00:30:28,870
made with the astrolabe
613
00:30:28,870 --> 00:30:32,240
[Music] there is
614
00:30:38,179 --> 00:30:41,520
615
00:30:41,520 --> 00:30:43,820
a strange one in the London Science Museum Instrument
616
00:30:43,820 --> 00:30:46,820
it saved the lives of thousands of people
617
00:30:46,820 --> 00:30:49,919
worldwide we found this device in the
618
00:30:49,919 --> 00:30:52,159
deepest depths of the earth
619
00:30:52,159 --> 00:30:54,600
it turned out to be a simple solution to
620
00:30:54,600 --> 00:30:57,500
a gigantic problem
621
00:30:57,679 --> 00:31:00,179
modern technology brings the device back
622
00:31:00,179 --> 00:31:04,440
to light it is a good 25 cm high and 10
623
00:31:04,440 --> 00:31:07,340
cm wide
624
00:31:07,740 --> 00:31:10,080
it is used for Reviving
625
00:31:10,080 --> 00:31:13,080
canaries
626
00:31:14,399 --> 00:31:17,240
this simple glass box with a metal frame
627
00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:19,550
changed the world
628
00:31:19,550 --> 00:31:21,299
[music]
629
00:31:21,299 --> 00:31:23,820
the use of the birds was required by law
630
00:31:23,820 --> 00:31:26,360
631
00:31:26,580 --> 00:31:31,260
what is it why was it developed and
632
00:31:31,260 --> 00:31:35,100
how can it save human lives
633
00:31:35,100 --> 00:31:39,200
and why is there a bird in there
634
00:31:40,430 --> 00:31:43,519
[music]
635
00:31:44,700 --> 00:31:46,799
the device actually works
636
00:31:46,799 --> 00:31:49,220
without it Little bird,
637
00:31:49,220 --> 00:31:52,020
it's the high-tech birdcage of its
638
00:31:52,020 --> 00:31:55,440
time, it's pleasant for the bird, there
639
00:31:55,440 --> 00:31:57,720
are windows, it can look out, the
640
00:31:57,720 --> 00:31:59,760
device keeps the little animal alive because
641
00:31:59,760 --> 00:32:03,320
the atmosphere outside would kill it.
642
00:32:03,320 --> 00:32:06,600
110 years ago, the construction of
643
00:32:06,600 --> 00:32:10,260
this birdcage was really high-tech, it
644
00:32:10,260 --> 00:32:12,360
's real engineering screws
645
00:32:12,360 --> 00:32:14,820
Glass panes Once the bird is
646
00:32:14,820 --> 00:32:16,860
in the cage, it can't get out The
647
00:32:16,860 --> 00:32:18,480
cage is closed with a perforated
648
00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:21,440
metal grille
649
00:32:21,600 --> 00:32:23,940
The perforated metal grille behind the
650
00:32:23,940 --> 00:32:27,260
porthole is the heart of it
651
00:32:27,260 --> 00:32:30,179
As soon as the porthole is opened,
652
00:32:30,179 --> 00:32:32,820
air flows into the device, the bird breathes it
653
00:32:32,820 --> 00:32:35,100
in and if something dangerous comes in of the
654
00:32:35,100 --> 00:32:37,500
air please pass out then
655
00:32:37,500 --> 00:32:39,779
something is wrong
656
00:32:39,779 --> 00:32:41,520
the bird can be saved by immediately
657
00:32:41,520 --> 00:32:43,580
closing the porthole
658
00:32:43,580 --> 00:32:46,919
this is where the tank on the device comes into
659
00:32:46,919 --> 00:32:49,220
play
660
00:32:51,380 --> 00:32:53,820
is pumped into the airtight room via a metal pipe
661
00:32:53,820 --> 00:32:56,640
so the
662
00:32:56,640 --> 00:32:59,220
bird gets air and survives like in a
663
00:32:59,220 --> 00:33:02,299
tiny spaceship
664
00:33:04,760 --> 00:33:07,740
is a complex procedure to
665
00:33:07,740 --> 00:33:11,059
save a bird
666
00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:14,760
at the same time the device is
667
00:33:14,760 --> 00:33:17,659
revolutionary
668
00:33:18,919 --> 00:33:22,500
but why is there a bird in
669
00:33:22,500 --> 00:33:25,100
the box at all
670
00:33:27,140 --> 00:33:28,440
[music] At the
671
00:33:28,440 --> 00:33:31,320
end of the 19th century the
672
00:33:31,320 --> 00:33:34,039
triumph of heavy industry begins
673
00:33:34,039 --> 00:33:37,279
the world is powered by steam
674
00:33:37,279 --> 00:33:40,460
its energy source is coal
675
00:33:40,460 --> 00:33:42,899
an important element of the new
676
00:33:42,899 --> 00:33:44,899
Way of life
677
00:33:44,899 --> 00:33:48,120
the more coal the world needs, the more
678
00:33:48,120 --> 00:33:51,419
dangerous mines become. A
679
00:33:51,419 --> 00:33:53,580
mine was a damn dangerous
680
00:33:53,580 --> 00:33:56,279
place to work. Tunnels collapsed. Mines were flooded.
681
00:33:56,279 --> 00:33:58,380
The equipment was
682
00:33:58,380 --> 00:34:01,640
heavy. Dynamite was also used
683
00:34:01,640 --> 00:34:03,240
[music]
684
00:34:03,240 --> 00:34:07,760
but the most feared gases
685
00:34:10,650 --> 00:34:12,020
[music]
686
00:34:12,020 --> 00:34:14,820
act as a dampener which everyone
687
00:34:14,820 --> 00:34:16,580
was afraid of,
688
00:34:16,580 --> 00:34:19,199
they have different effects but are
689
00:34:19,199 --> 00:34:21,979
always deadly
690
00:34:25,440 --> 00:34:27,960
when gases ignite the
691
00:34:27,960 --> 00:34:31,339
so-called firedamp occurs.
692
00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:34,800
Firedamp is a mixture of methane
693
00:34:34,800 --> 00:34:36,619
and air.
694
00:34:36,619 --> 00:34:38,820
Miners fidget with candlelight
695
00:34:38,820 --> 00:34:43,280
but fire ignites methane.
696
00:34:44,219 --> 00:34:47,159
The white vapor of the condensation fog is just as deadly. The condensation fog
697
00:34:47,159 --> 00:34:50,159
698
00:34:50,639 --> 00:34:52,800
then consists almost
699
00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:55,500
entirely of carbon monoxide is a smell
700
00:34:55,500 --> 00:34:59,599
and tasteless and deadly. When
701
00:35:01,880 --> 00:35:04,920
inhaled, the carbon monoxide binds to
702
00:35:04,920 --> 00:35:07,260
hemoglobin and gradually occupies the
703
00:35:07,260 --> 00:35:08,580
places that otherwise
704
00:35:08,580 --> 00:35:10,740
transport oxygen. When all are occupied,
705
00:35:10,740 --> 00:35:14,599
you die within minutes
706
00:35:20,750 --> 00:35:22,400
[Music] In
707
00:35:22,400 --> 00:35:26,940
1896, 57 men and 80 rough
708
00:35:26,940 --> 00:35:29,460
ponies died in a mining accident in Wales
709
00:35:29,460 --> 00:35:30,780
710
00:35:30,780 --> 00:35:32,940
The physiologist John Holding is supposed to find
711
00:35:32,940 --> 00:35:35,960
out the cause
712
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:37,920
the dead have no fatal
713
00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:40,680
injuries only a pink
714
00:35:40,680 --> 00:35:43,220
discoloration
715
00:35:45,020 --> 00:35:47,280
pink tint of the skin indicates
716
00:35:47,280 --> 00:35:49,500
carbon monoxide poisoning so it
717
00:35:49,500 --> 00:35:51,240
was proven that the white steam
718
00:35:51,240 --> 00:35:53,780
killed the men
719
00:35:54,840 --> 00:35:57,320
[music]
720
00:35:57,320 --> 00:35:59,480
Holding wants to find a way to
721
00:35:59,480 --> 00:36:02,460
detect carbon monoxide
722
00:36:02,460 --> 00:36:05,280
that becomes the task of the canaries
723
00:36:05,280 --> 00:36:10,569
[music]
724
00:36:11,240 --> 00:36:14,280
in the late 19th century there are still
725
00:36:14,280 --> 00:36:18,599
no detectors for carbon monoxide.
726
00:36:20,220 --> 00:36:22,619
John Holding locks himself in his
727
00:36:22,619 --> 00:36:24,720
laboratory
728
00:36:24,720 --> 00:36:27,300
where he examines mice and finds
729
00:36:27,300 --> 00:36:30,260
that they react 20 times more strongly to
730
00:36:30,260 --> 00:36:34,579
carbon monoxide than humans.
731
00:36:34,579 --> 00:36:37,440
Unfortunately, mice sleep a lot If you see a
732
00:36:37,440 --> 00:36:39,060
mouse lying in a cage, you do
733
00:36:39,060 --> 00:36:39,920
n't know whether it
734
00:36:39,920 --> 00:36:41,700
has carbon monoxide poisoning or is just taking a
735
00:36:41,700 --> 00:36:44,060
nap.
736
00:36:46,079 --> 00:36:48,660
Birds are better choices as warm detectors.
737
00:36:48,660 --> 00:36:49,940
738
00:36:49,940 --> 00:36:52,320
They sit on their perch when they
739
00:36:52,320 --> 00:36:53,760
fall down. You know they haven't fallen
740
00:36:53,760 --> 00:36:56,339
asleep but are poisoned. Holding
741
00:36:56,339 --> 00:36:58,560
finds out that birds are even more sensitive
742
00:36:58,560 --> 00:37:02,240
react to carbon monoxide as Moses
743
00:37:02,240 --> 00:37:04,619
they have a highly developed
744
00:37:04,619 --> 00:37:08,460
respiratory system quickly
745
00:37:09,980 --> 00:37:12,420
because they fly and use a lot of
746
00:37:12,420 --> 00:37:13,800
energy in relation to their
747
00:37:13,800 --> 00:37:15,710
body weight
748
00:37:15,710 --> 00:37:17,000
[applause]
749
00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:19,200
they have to inhale large amounts of oxygen
750
00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:21,420
to cause the chemical reactions
751
00:37:21,420 --> 00:37:24,300
that keep them in the air
752
00:37:24,300 --> 00:37:26,520
so birds breathe a lot more Air per
753
00:37:26,520 --> 00:37:28,500
unit volume than a human being and
754
00:37:28,500 --> 00:37:30,420
are therefore far more susceptible to the
755
00:37:30,420 --> 00:37:32,980
slightest dose of poison in the air
756
00:37:32,980 --> 00:37:36,000
[music]
757
00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:38,900
but why canaries
758
00:37:38,900 --> 00:37:42,130
[music]
759
00:37:43,020 --> 00:37:46,020
sing
760
00:37:47,960 --> 00:37:50,160
to the male animals of the genus
761
00:37:50,160 --> 00:37:51,380
permanently
762
00:37:51,380 --> 00:37:53,820
you can't constantly look at the bird in the mine
763
00:37:53,820 --> 00:37:55,500
if he no longer
764
00:37:55,500 --> 00:37:58,280
sings, he notices that
765
00:37:59,540 --> 00:38:01,740
Holding's canaries make the
766
00:38:01,740 --> 00:38:04,160
dangerous work underground safer
767
00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:09,680
on February 15, 1901,
768
00:38:10,260 --> 00:38:11,700
pipe monoxide spreads throughout the
769
00:38:11,700 --> 00:38:13,400
mine.
770
00:38:13,400 --> 00:38:16,440
Ramsay himself, a victim of the accident,
771
00:38:16,440 --> 00:38:18,119
returns to the mountain to save his colleagues.
772
00:38:18,119 --> 00:38:20,339
He takes two canaries with
773
00:38:20,339 --> 00:38:24,240
and explains that thanks to them he survived
774
00:38:24,240 --> 00:38:26,760
then an unusual law is
775
00:38:26,760 --> 00:38:29,300
passed
776
00:38:35,160 --> 00:38:37,500
nisse in the law from now on
777
00:38:37,500 --> 00:38:39,300
canaries have to be taken underground
778
00:38:39,300 --> 00:38:41,640
soon the whole
779
00:38:41,640 --> 00:38:44,339
world shares this insight canaries become the
780
00:38:44,339 --> 00:38:47,780
rule
781
00:38:48,180 --> 00:38:51,839
by 1914 canaries save
782
00:38:51,839 --> 00:38:54,550
800 men in Great Britain alone Life
783
00:38:54,550 --> 00:38:56,820
[music]
784
00:38:56,820 --> 00:38:58,700
then the
785
00:38:58,700 --> 00:39:02,359
resuscitation machine is developed.
786
00:39:06,780 --> 00:39:09,300
At the beginning of the 20th century, the
787
00:39:09,300 --> 00:39:13,160
apparatus is a real high-tech device.
788
00:39:14,760 --> 00:39:16,500
It is built by the British
789
00:39:16,500 --> 00:39:20,480
technology company Sieb Gorman. It has
790
00:39:20,839 --> 00:39:23,400
specialized
791
00:39:23,400 --> 00:39:24,540
in the production of
792
00:39:24,540 --> 00:39:26,640
diving helmets since the 1830s. The company has
793
00:39:26,640 --> 00:39:28,440
great know-how in oxygen supply
794
00:39:28,440 --> 00:39:32,180
795
00:39:34,460 --> 00:39:39,200
had already gained experience in airtight rooms. In
796
00:39:41,420 --> 00:39:44,160
1902 they built a ventilator for
797
00:39:44,160 --> 00:39:46,680
mine rescue. This gave the
798
00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:48,720
miners two hours of time in a toxic environment.
799
00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:49,880
800
00:39:49,880 --> 00:39:52,260
The technology was also used during the First
801
00:39:52,260 --> 00:39:54,300
World War in regions
802
00:39:54,300 --> 00:39:57,980
that were under chemical weapons fire.
803
00:39:58,079 --> 00:40:00,859
These experiences flowed into the construction of the
804
00:40:00,859 --> 00:40:02,300
resuscitation device for
805
00:40:02,300 --> 00:40:05,480
canaries a
806
00:40:05,839 --> 00:40:08,359
glass pane has rubber seals
807
00:40:08,359 --> 00:40:10,940
the whole thing is held in place by screws
808
00:40:10,940 --> 00:40:13,160
the porthole follows the
809
00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:14,460
construction principle of
810
00:40:14,460 --> 00:40:15,980
diving equipment
811
00:40:15,980 --> 00:40:20,429
[music]
812
00:40:22,160 --> 00:40:24,660
when the miner finds that the
813
00:40:24,660 --> 00:40:26,700
bird has problems he seals the
814
00:40:26,700 --> 00:40:29,099
porthole and traps the air then
815
00:40:29,099 --> 00:40:31,560
he opens the valve of the tank to release the
816
00:40:31,560 --> 00:40:33,420
toxic air escapes and the bird
817
00:40:33,420 --> 00:40:36,619
is hopefully saved.
818
00:40:39,500 --> 00:40:42,540
The black and white color distance reveals
819
00:40:42,540 --> 00:40:44,339
that there is pure oxygen in it.
820
00:40:44,339 --> 00:40:47,460
This is vital for the
821
00:40:47,460 --> 00:40:49,500
animal.
822
00:40:49,500 --> 00:40:52,079
The higher the oxygen concentration in
823
00:40:52,079 --> 00:40:54,119
the air, the easier it is to breathe, even
824
00:40:54,119 --> 00:40:55,800
if it is difficult for
825
00:40:55,800 --> 00:40:58,020
a canary to absorb enough oxygen to survive
826
00:40:58,020 --> 00:40:59,700
827
00:40:59,700 --> 00:41:01,440
has just inhaled poison gas, the
828
00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:03,119
chance of survival increases if it is in high
829
00:41:03,119 --> 00:41:05,400
oxygen concentration
830
00:41:05,400 --> 00:41:08,160
on the top of the device, another
831
00:41:08,160 --> 00:41:12,500
sign of the expertise of 7.
832
00:41:12,859 --> 00:41:15,240
Oxygen in the tank is under enormous
833
00:41:15,240 --> 00:41:16,980
pressure under which the bird
834
00:41:16,980 --> 00:41:19,160
could not survive.
835
00:41:19,160 --> 00:41:20,940
The pressure can be
836
00:41:20,940 --> 00:41:22,800
regulated with a safety valve and the little bird is
837
00:41:22,800 --> 00:41:25,280
protected
838
00:41:28,260 --> 00:41:30,359
why so much effort goes into the life of
839
00:41:30,359 --> 00:41:33,839
a canary
840
00:41:36,560 --> 00:41:39,300
the answer can be found in the relationship
841
00:41:39,300 --> 00:41:43,880
between the miners and their animals
842
00:41:44,579 --> 00:41:46,980
a bond is incredibly important for
843
00:41:46,980 --> 00:41:49,500
people as well as for animals all
844
00:41:49,500 --> 00:41:51,560
living beings want to build connections
845
00:41:51,560 --> 00:41:53,640
if we spend long enough with something
846
00:41:53,640 --> 00:41:55,680
interacting, we develop a form
847
00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:58,280
of relationship
848
00:41:58,579 --> 00:42:01,079
when you look after a
849
00:42:01,079 --> 00:42:02,940
canary in its cage day in and day out,
850
00:42:02,940 --> 00:42:05,099
you automatically feel connected to the
851
00:42:05,099 --> 00:42:07,980
animal, you love the little bird,
852
00:42:07,980 --> 00:42:09,720
you think it's a wonderful
853
00:42:09,720 --> 00:42:13,880
creature, this creature belongs to me
854
00:42:14,520 --> 00:42:15,800
[music]
855
00:42:15,800 --> 00:42:18,780
maybe it came so to develop the
856
00:42:18,780 --> 00:42:20,140
device
857
00:42:20,140 --> 00:42:22,260
[music]
858
00:42:22,260 --> 00:42:24,180
perhaps the miners exerted pressure
859
00:42:24,180 --> 00:42:25,619
and demanded protection for their
860
00:42:25,619 --> 00:42:28,339
canaries
861
00:42:31,140 --> 00:42:33,780
worldwide, the canaries became
862
00:42:33,780 --> 00:42:35,780
part of the mines
863
00:42:35,780 --> 00:42:38,220
but they had to
864
00:42:38,220 --> 00:42:40,980
give way to technical progress. At the
865
00:42:40,980 --> 00:42:44,040
end of the 1980s, the
866
00:42:44,040 --> 00:42:46,220
coal mines all over the world are pulling their
867
00:42:46,220 --> 00:42:50,180
canaries out of the Traffic
868
00:42:50,520 --> 00:42:52,740
The birds were underground for 100 years
869
00:42:52,740 --> 00:42:55,200
until they were replaced by small electronic
870
00:42:55,200 --> 00:42:58,099
devices, which
871
00:42:58,200 --> 00:43:00,380
also marked the end of the
872
00:43:00,380 --> 00:43:03,240
resuscitation machine.
873
00:43:03,240 --> 00:43:05,339
After the canaries had
874
00:43:05,339 --> 00:43:07,079
saved thousands of lives for a century,
875
00:43:07,079 --> 00:43:09,780
the apparatus museum landed there, an
876
00:43:09,780 --> 00:43:11,520
object to satisfy historical
877
00:43:11,520 --> 00:43:14,880
curiosity, the device is out the mine
878
00:43:14,880 --> 00:43:17,359
disappeared but the canaries
879
00:43:17,359 --> 00:43:19,520
left traces
880
00:43:19,520 --> 00:43:22,260
the memory of the canaries in
881
00:43:22,260 --> 00:43:24,540
the mines after nine eleven
882
00:43:24,540 --> 00:43:26,640
the canary breeders in New
883
00:43:26,640 --> 00:43:28,619
York could hardly meet the demand for the churches
884
00:43:28,619 --> 00:43:30,359
people wanted to be warned by a
885
00:43:30,359 --> 00:43:32,119
canary about a possible
886
00:43:32,119 --> 00:43:34,160
chemical weapons attack
887
00:43:34,160 --> 00:43:36,660
2003 was the year Demand in Baghdad from the
888
00:43:36,660 --> 00:43:38,839
same layout
889
00:43:38,839 --> 00:43:41,099
also in the English language
890
00:43:41,099 --> 00:43:44,780
they left their mark
891
00:43:45,960 --> 00:43:47,880
something that is a warning of problems
892
00:43:47,880 --> 00:43:50,960
or misfortune it is
893
00:43:51,859 --> 00:43:53,760
unbelievable that I derive such a
894
00:43:53,760 --> 00:43:56,339
formulation from the life-saving use
895
00:43:56,339 --> 00:43:59,960
of canaries
896
00:44:00,510 --> 00:44:09,559
[music]
56758
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