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what is this strange Roman device
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that has been puzzling archaeologists for centuries
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the Romans
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documented everything very carefully but
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there are no records of these objects
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was a device powered by leeches
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the first weather app now
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not all crazy ideas seemed
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absolutely crazy back then
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these ancient ones can do Scrolls
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show the way to buried treasures, an
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initial inventory revealed gold and
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silver that would be worth billions of dollars today
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[Music]
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fascinating mysterious objects
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long hidden in museums, laboratories and
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archives
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[Music]
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now we can use the latest
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technology to reveal their secrets -
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we can recreate them
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dismantling
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and enlarging
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and
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revealing the forgotten and bizarre
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are the strangest things in the world.
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This strange bronze culture
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embodies one of the greatest mysteries of the
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Roman Empire. Its intended use
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is still unclear today. There
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are no records of these
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objects.
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We do not know exactly what they
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were used for and can only
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speculate
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because the purpose of the object
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was not obvious, scientists
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simply named it a Roman
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dodecahedron because of its 125s.
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If there was only one, you could simply
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dismiss it as a curiosity, but a
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total of 116 variants of it were found,
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none of them exactly the same as the other, some
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of them about the size of a fist, others a little
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smaller
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a Roman dude has twelve sides
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a small ball under each corner
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so it's easy to stand up and each
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side has a hole but holes are
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different sizes on the side surfaces
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[music]
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so it certainly sparkled in the sunlight
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and was a real
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eye-catcher
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have no numbers or
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characters that
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could explain their function, but there is a new
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theory, science was
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on the wrong track for centuries,
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so what might the dodecahedrons have been used for,
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where did they come from, what is the deal
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with these strange angular
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objects, it
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is undisputed that they ancient Romans
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were passionate gamers,
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perhaps the things were
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used for gaming. Arndt Romans loved
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dice games. They played constantly, just like
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many people do today on the subway
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on their smartphones.
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During excavations in Rome,
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game boards and tables were found in large temples
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where people used to play have sat and
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rolled dice in Pompeii there is a
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well-known mural that
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shows men arguing over a game of dice
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and before Caesar crossed the Rubicon
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he said the famous sentence
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the dice has fallen I surrender to
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my fate
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the Romans had dice in a
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wide variety of sizes and shapes
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For many different games the
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dodekaida are dice but this
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theory also has a catch
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when you throw them they don't roll well
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because the sides are not flat
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they don't have numbers and
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the holes are different
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sizes between 6 mm and 4 cm so each
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side has a different weight like a
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zinced cube
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that doesn't fit so
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how about a candlestick
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this idea came about because of the
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wax residue that was found in one of them
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but this theory also depends
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if it was a candlestick you would
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burn your hands on it
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the normal candlestick have a rim at the top
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so that the wax doesn't drip onto his
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hand
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or a children's toy.
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If I give my little son something like that to
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play with, he puts it in his
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mouth, in his ear and probably even in
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his nose.
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Neither dice nor candlesticks or
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children's toys
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could possibly be where they were found
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Artifacts give an indication of their
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function.
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The dodecahedrons were only excavated in the north and
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northwest of the Roman Empire,
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where the weather is often cold
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and unpleasant.
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In the sunny regions in the south,
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however, they have not yet been found. A
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theory states that they were used for
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knitting gloves were used
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to check this, someone
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printed a 3D model and used it to knit a five-
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fingered glove
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[music]
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I like that archaeologists are at a loss
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and talk to
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astronomers and mathematicians for decades then
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someone who knows about handicrafts comes along and
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says it was done Certainly gloves
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were knitted,
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but this theory doesn't convince everyone.
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I don't rule out that they
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were used for that purpose, but gloves are
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a universal product and there were
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already devices for weaving back then. The idea that
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these objects were only intended for knitting
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gloves doesn't fit with
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the great effort involved which they were
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undoubtedly made
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almost all dodecahedrons are made of bronze and
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it was expensive
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money was also made from this material
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the Roman method of making objects
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that are hollow inside out of bronze
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is still used today
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it is lengthy and complicated to put
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a clay core with wax into it You
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mill the mold into which you want to cast the bronze with wax,
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then you cover the model again with
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clay and fire it. The
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wax melts and flows out so that
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you want to cast it. You heat the
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bronze to over 1000 degrees so that it
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becomes nice and liquid and you cast it
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It can also splash and
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spark into the mold, then you wait until it has
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cooled down.
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This technology is far too complex for
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everyday objects. Economically, it would have been anything but sensible to invest so much time and effort into these beautiful structures as everyday objects for everyday use
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They must have been incredibly expensive to make for use,
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so it's very unlikely
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that they were just candlesticks or
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toys.
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These theories don't quite fit
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together.
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All previous theories about the function of
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the dodecahedrons have weak points. It's no
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wonder that archaeologists
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are still puzzled after all these centuries
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But there is a new theory that would also
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explain the elaborate production of the sophisticated objects.
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One thing is astonishing: in the
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Roman Empire and especially in
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northern Europe, almost all Roman
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military camps looked the same, so there must have been
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a precise plan for their construction
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and for it Did they need the
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appropriate measuring devices?
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How else could the Romans have
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planned and measured their roads and how
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else would they have known where to
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place the milestones?
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For me, the Roman Empire is characterized by the fact
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that the Romans
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measured distances and marked them accordingly
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Roads have milestones on which the
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distance is accurately displayed.
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The secret of this precision is,
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more precisely, the different
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sizes of the opposite holes
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[music]
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when you look through one hole,
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the one opposite seems to
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be the same size at a certain distance and this distance is
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then Regardless of the size,
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you only need an
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object whose size is fixed and
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which is clearly visible from the ground.
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A Roman soldier, for
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example, could have stood with his standard at
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a certain distance
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if, when you
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looked through it, this standard fit exactly into both holes
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the corresponding
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distance that would explain the
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different sizes of the holes
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by turning the thing you could
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measure different distances and
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when you used it, such a device had to be
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easy to handle that would
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explain the beads on the corners and the
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different sized holes with the
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engravings around it, which
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may have helped with the alignment,
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in terms of function,
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such an instrument would have
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suited the needs of the Roman army very well.
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The greatest need of the Roman army
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is to win wars.
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They had to know when the enemy
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was within range for their arrows and Their
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catapults would have been of no use
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if you hadn't released them at exactly the right
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time.
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Such a device would have
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been very practical for building
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roads and military camps and in
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battles to know when the enemy
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was within range and then
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use the catapults accordingly
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Are the dodecahedrons actually
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measuring devices used by the ancient Romans?
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The theory seems plausible,
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but as long as no documentation or new
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archaeological evidence emerges,
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it will probably never be possible to say with certainty
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[Music] In
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1952, archaeologists discovered
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one of the most
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controversial and fascinating
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objects ever in a cave in the West Bank ancient
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strips of rolled up metal were found, the
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copper roll of kuman,
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its two fragments are almost 30 cm
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long and 5 cm wide, heavily oxidized and
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brittle, the engraved text has triggered a
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treasure hunt and a discussion
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that is still ongoing today
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[music]
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a treasure map
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or the latest Research could help
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solve one of the greatest archaeological mysteries of the 20th century
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Who made the scroll Where did
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it come from Is there really a treasure buried in the desert
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or is it just an
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adventurous archaeologist's dream
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What's the deal with the
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Kuman copper scroll
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[Music ] In
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1947, in the northern West Bank on the
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Dead Sea,
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a young sheep had discovered some jars with papyrus fragments in a cave through the
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stony wilderness near the village of Kuman, a
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good 20 km from Jerusalem.
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The 2,000-year-old documents are
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among the most important archaeological
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finds of the present day.
290
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The scrolls from the Dead Sea
291
00:13:38,519 --> 00:13:41,760
a sensation for archaeologists
292
00:13:41,760 --> 00:13:44,100
they contain some of the oldest texts in
293
00:13:44,100 --> 00:13:46,100
the Hebrew Bible
294
00:13:46,100 --> 00:13:48,839
the scientists were enthusiastic about the rolls
295
00:13:48,839 --> 00:13:51,120
now offer you some of
296
00:13:51,120 --> 00:13:53,279
the oldest biblical sources as well as
297
00:13:53,279 --> 00:13:55,560
descriptions of the region and the
298
00:13:55,560 --> 00:13:58,019
customs during a very turbulent
299
00:13:58,019 --> 00:14:01,459
period in Jewish history
300
00:14:01,459 --> 00:14:04,380
Bible archaeologists it was the find
301
00:14:04,380 --> 00:14:08,839
of the century or even a thousand
302
00:14:08,839 --> 00:14:11,279
they describe the time in which parts of
303
00:14:11,279 --> 00:14:14,420
the Bible were written
304
00:14:14,899 --> 00:14:17,100
the scientists got a
305
00:14:17,100 --> 00:14:19,740
clearer picture of an era in which many
306
00:14:19,740 --> 00:14:22,079
religious works and communities were created
307
00:14:22,079 --> 00:14:24,139
308
00:14:24,390 --> 00:14:26,160
[music]
309
00:14:26,160 --> 00:14:28,320
just five years later a team discovered
310
00:14:28,320 --> 00:14:30,420
by archaeologists in a neighboring
311
00:14:30,420 --> 00:14:32,940
cave the copper scroll broken into two parts. It
312
00:14:32,940 --> 00:14:34,500
313
00:14:34,500 --> 00:14:36,720
is immediately clear to them that they have
314
00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:40,279
found something very special.
315
00:14:41,760 --> 00:14:43,920
Now the fragments are not
316
00:14:43,920 --> 00:14:46,079
317
00:14:46,079 --> 00:14:48,079
made of parchment but of metal.
318
00:14:48,079 --> 00:14:50,279
Copper is much more valuable and
319
00:14:50,279 --> 00:14:52,820
more difficult to describe,
320
00:14:52,820 --> 00:14:55,440
an indication that it is the
321
00:14:55,440 --> 00:14:58,139
copper scroll is a very important if
322
00:14:58,139 --> 00:15:02,240
not sacred document
323
00:15:03,779 --> 00:15:06,000
which was so important that someone
324
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:08,779
took the trouble to hammer it into copper
325
00:15:08,779 --> 00:15:11,579
some words that are printed in mirror image on
326
00:15:11,579 --> 00:15:13,399
the outside of the scroll
327
00:15:13,399 --> 00:15:15,720
attract the attention of
328
00:15:15,720 --> 00:15:18,360
scientists they decipher words like
329
00:15:18,360 --> 00:15:23,000
dig the Unit of measurement elle and gold
330
00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:25,500
some archaeologists draw a
331
00:15:25,500 --> 00:15:28,339
clear conclusion from this
332
00:15:29,220 --> 00:15:30,720
that a book cannot
333
00:15:30,720 --> 00:15:32,699
be judged by its cover but that is
334
00:15:32,699 --> 00:15:35,699
every archaeologist's dream to find a treasure map
335
00:15:35,699 --> 00:15:38,120
336
00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:41,279
this assumption could only be
337
00:15:41,279 --> 00:15:44,220
confirmed by opening the scroll but that is
338
00:15:44,220 --> 00:15:47,060
very risky
339
00:15:47,120 --> 00:15:50,519
the problem is if If copper is left
340
00:15:50,519 --> 00:15:53,579
lying around for thousands of years, it oxidizes and that
341
00:15:53,579 --> 00:15:56,420
makes it brittle.
342
00:16:06,660 --> 00:16:09,060
An expert doesn't want to
343
00:16:09,060 --> 00:16:10,050
admit defeat
344
00:16:10,050 --> 00:16:12,980
345
00:16:12,980 --> 00:16:15,779
346
00:16:15,779 --> 00:16:17,519
347
00:16:17,519 --> 00:16:19,860
348
00:16:19,860 --> 00:16:21,720
349
00:16:21,720 --> 00:16:25,199
350
00:16:26,279 --> 00:16:28,380
precise
351
00:16:28,380 --> 00:16:31,800
cutting so Alice Henry white
352
00:16:31,800 --> 00:16:34,079
Baker asks a professor at the University of
353
00:16:34,079 --> 00:16:36,300
Manchester to develop one specifically for the
354
00:16:36,300 --> 00:16:40,220
copper roll of kuman.
355
00:16:45,079 --> 00:16:49,880
On October 1, 1955 it is ready for use.
356
00:16:49,880 --> 00:16:52,759
A hybrid of a circular saw and a
357
00:16:52,759 --> 00:16:55,920
dental instrument right Baker
358
00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:57,540
begins to cut the priceless
359
00:16:57,540 --> 00:17:00,079
copper fragments into strips.
360
00:17:00,079 --> 00:17:04,108
Any blunder would be catastrophic
361
00:17:04,108 --> 00:17:07,838
[Music]
362
00:17:10,699 --> 00:17:13,919
takes three and a half months to divide the roll
363
00:17:13,919 --> 00:17:18,740
fragments into 23 segments
364
00:17:19,140 --> 00:17:21,780
finally their 2000 year old
365
00:17:21,780 --> 00:17:24,359
secret can be revealed
366
00:17:24,359 --> 00:17:26,579
it is actually a
367
00:17:26,579 --> 00:17:29,480
treasure map
368
00:17:33,780 --> 00:17:36,179
the hint of buried gold on the
369
00:17:36,179 --> 00:17:37,980
outside was just the tip of the
370
00:17:37,980 --> 00:17:40,460
iceberg
371
00:17:40,460 --> 00:17:43,380
when they found the individual parts translated,
372
00:17:43,380 --> 00:17:45,720
they realized it was not just
373
00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:50,240
one but several treasure maps,
374
00:17:51,320 --> 00:17:53,880
the fragments belonged to a
375
00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:58,220
continuous 2.30 m long roll.
376
00:17:58,460 --> 00:18:01,140
There were 64 individual
377
00:18:01,140 --> 00:18:03,120
descriptions and lists of
378
00:18:03,120 --> 00:18:06,539
hidden treasures filled with coins, valuable
379
00:18:06,539 --> 00:18:11,660
metal objects and sacred objects,
380
00:18:16,460 --> 00:18:20,460
it was unimaginable
381
00:18:21,799 --> 00:18:24,900
a first Inventory revealed 200
382
00:18:24,900 --> 00:18:27,000
tons of gold and silver which
383
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,220
would be worth billions of dollars today a huge
384
00:18:29,220 --> 00:18:31,140
385
00:18:31,140 --> 00:18:33,200
buried treasure spread across the desert
386
00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:37,860
the figures are astronomical
387
00:18:37,860 --> 00:18:40,860
how could someone amass such a large fortune 2000 years ago
388
00:18:40,860 --> 00:18:43,620
and keep it secret
389
00:18:43,620 --> 00:18:45,799
390
00:18:45,900 --> 00:18:48,299
is there really a multi-billion
391
00:18:48,299 --> 00:18:50,660
dollar treasure In the desert
392
00:18:50,660 --> 00:18:53,400
some archaeologists find it difficult
393
00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:55,760
to believe that.
394
00:18:57,120 --> 00:19:00,000
The problem is
395
00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:01,620
that the scientists
396
00:19:01,620 --> 00:19:04,100
attributed the scroll to the scenes
397
00:19:04,100 --> 00:19:06,660
Hanna lived ascetically, mystical
398
00:19:06,660 --> 00:19:10,039
fringe group of Judaism,
399
00:19:12,179 --> 00:19:15,600
they were poor, lived in the desert and
400
00:19:15,600 --> 00:19:17,220
had dedicated their lives to the religion from
401
00:19:17,220 --> 00:19:19,620
where They should have gold and
402
00:19:19,620 --> 00:19:21,480
silver worth several
403
00:19:21,480 --> 00:19:23,960
billion dollars today,
404
00:19:23,960 --> 00:19:27,000
like Battle Monks, but they are said to have been
405
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:29,280
extremely rich. Sounds somehow
406
00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:31,100
unbelievable.
407
00:19:31,100 --> 00:19:33,480
The story of a possible
408
00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:37,100
treasure divides the scientific community.
409
00:19:37,100 --> 00:19:39,299
British archaeologist who had the
410
00:19:39,299 --> 00:19:41,640
scroll opened is convinced
411
00:19:41,640 --> 00:19:44,820
that the treasure really exists The
412
00:19:44,820 --> 00:19:46,559
decisive opponents of his thesis
413
00:19:46,559 --> 00:19:48,419
include a co-discoverer of the scroll,
414
00:19:48,419 --> 00:19:51,240
the biblical scholar and Catholic
415
00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:53,610
priest Josef
416
00:19:53,610 --> 00:19:55,280
[music]
417
00:19:55,280 --> 00:19:58,200
Josef Milik calculated the information
418
00:19:58,200 --> 00:20:00,179
and thought it was far too high.
419
00:20:00,179 --> 00:20:02,960
Something wasn't right.
420
00:20:02,960 --> 00:20:05,580
According to me, the wealth is not
421
00:20:05,580 --> 00:20:08,400
only too great for the scene but for
422
00:20:08,400 --> 00:20:11,520
the entire region around cumbran 2000 years ago
423
00:20:11,520 --> 00:20:13,700
424
00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:17,220
Allegro believes that the information
425
00:20:17,220 --> 00:20:20,000
may be too high
426
00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:23,280
his explanation for this must be
427
00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:26,160
a calculation error
428
00:20:26,160 --> 00:20:30,299
the unit of measurement in the text is talent its
429
00:20:30,299 --> 00:20:32,160
value varied over time in
430
00:20:32,160 --> 00:20:33,480
different eras and
431
00:20:33,480 --> 00:20:34,880
societies
432
00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:37,799
what weight should Now
433
00:20:37,799 --> 00:20:40,440
434
00:20:40,440 --> 00:20:42,120
the value of the
435
00:20:42,120 --> 00:20:43,620
supposed treasures would have been much lower
436
00:20:43,620 --> 00:20:45,520
437
00:20:45,520 --> 00:20:48,320
[music]
438
00:20:48,320 --> 00:20:51,419
the conversion of talent into today's
439
00:20:51,419 --> 00:20:54,140
tons could have been incorrect,
440
00:20:54,140 --> 00:20:57,179
the authors of the scroll could have used
441
00:20:57,179 --> 00:20:59,460
a different measure of talent as a basis
442
00:20:59,460 --> 00:21:03,860
It would be much less
443
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:06,380
[music]
444
00:21:06,380 --> 00:21:08,820
a treasure worth millions would be more
445
00:21:08,820 --> 00:21:11,039
historically credible than one
446
00:21:11,039 --> 00:21:12,780
worth billions,
447
00:21:12,780 --> 00:21:15,440
but an important question remains open
448
00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:18,240
where this still enormous
449
00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:19,740
wealth should come from
450
00:21:19,740 --> 00:21:26,100
[music] a
451
00:21:26,100 --> 00:21:29,039
good 20 kilometers from Kuman
452
00:21:29,039 --> 00:21:32,340
is the Western Wall in Jerusalem, a
453
00:21:32,340 --> 00:21:35,280
holy place of pilgrimage for the Jews and the
454
00:21:35,280 --> 00:21:37,400
last outline of the second or
455
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:41,000
Herodesian Temple
456
00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:44,039
the second temple was a sanctuary of
457
00:21:44,039 --> 00:21:46,679
Judea it was their most important holy
458
00:21:46,679 --> 00:21:48,419
cities and contained the treasures and
459
00:21:48,419 --> 00:21:50,820
gold of the Jewish believers it must have been a
460
00:21:50,820 --> 00:21:52,679
very richly furnished building
461
00:21:52,679 --> 00:21:55,159
462
00:21:55,640 --> 00:21:59,600
an explanation for the treasure was
463
00:22:00,140 --> 00:22:02,580
believed to be the treasure The second
464
00:22:02,580 --> 00:22:04,679
temple is said to have been
465
00:22:04,679 --> 00:22:06,920
hidden in the desert during the great Jewish war
466
00:22:06,920 --> 00:22:10,229
[music]
467
00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:16,159
468
00:22:17,419 --> 00:22:20,539
but the treasure never existed
469
00:22:20,539 --> 00:22:24,980
470
00:22:26,159 --> 00:22:28,919
471
00:22:28,919 --> 00:22:31,880
472
00:22:31,880 --> 00:22:35,220
473
00:22:35,220 --> 00:22:38,340
Much to Alegro's frustration, he takes his time with the
474
00:22:38,340 --> 00:22:43,159
publication and for good reason.
475
00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:45,740
EFI cells Battles is
476
00:22:45,740 --> 00:22:48,179
a fake. If he had
477
00:22:48,179 --> 00:22:50,640
been suspected of a cover-up,
478
00:22:50,640 --> 00:22:52,320
the authenticity would have been confirmed. He came to the house
479
00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:54,299
treasure hunt to find the gold and the
480
00:22:54,299 --> 00:22:55,510
other treasures
481
00:22:55,510 --> 00:22:56,780
[Music ]
482
00:22:56,780 --> 00:22:59,700
so a lot of time and delayed
483
00:22:59,700 --> 00:23:02,299
the publication
484
00:23:06,670 --> 00:23:09,140
[music]
485
00:23:09,140 --> 00:23:11,580
accompanied by a great media hype, he
486
00:23:11,580 --> 00:23:13,860
published his own thesis, which
487
00:23:13,860 --> 00:23:15,059
resulted in a bitter and
488
00:23:15,059 --> 00:23:16,919
manageable dispute between the two
489
00:23:16,919 --> 00:23:18,679
scientists
490
00:23:18,679 --> 00:23:21,539
in order to prove his theory. In
491
00:23:21,539 --> 00:23:25,020
1962, Alegro began searching for the
492
00:23:25,020 --> 00:23:27,440
treasure
493
00:23:27,500 --> 00:23:30,000
The search for lost treasures has
494
00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:31,500
fascinated humanity for
495
00:23:31,500 --> 00:23:33,659
centuries and has driven many to ruin.
496
00:23:33,659 --> 00:23:35,900
497
00:23:36,919 --> 00:23:41,179
Not a single piece of gold can be found,
498
00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:44,640
even after decades of searching. Even
499
00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:47,280
by other treasure hunters, the
500
00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:50,280
legendary treasures remain undiscovered.
501
00:23:50,280 --> 00:23:53,159
The treasure is just a legend.
502
00:23:53,159 --> 00:23:55,440
New research could reveal the secret of the
503
00:23:55,440 --> 00:23:59,480
copper roll finally deciphered
504
00:24:02,520 --> 00:24:06,179
in 2051 in 2015 a new theory came
505
00:24:06,179 --> 00:24:08,760
up that said that the copper scroll only
506
00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:10,919
contains a list of all the donations
507
00:24:10,919 --> 00:24:12,299
that the temple has received over the entire time
508
00:24:12,299 --> 00:24:14,820
and that the items were never
509
00:24:14,820 --> 00:24:17,539
there all at once.
510
00:24:18,740 --> 00:24:21,720
Other Hebrew texts tell of
511
00:24:21,720 --> 00:24:24,679
a fictitious treasure that it was never existed of
512
00:24:24,679 --> 00:24:27,059
idealized riches that
513
00:24:27,059 --> 00:24:28,320
may have existed in the past
514
00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:30,140
515
00:24:30,140 --> 00:24:32,820
the idea could go back to the ancient Greeks
516
00:24:32,820 --> 00:24:34,980
this is the country's
517
00:24:34,980 --> 00:24:37,679
temple chronicle a directory of the series
518
00:24:37,679 --> 00:24:40,440
gifts to a temple of Athena 200
519
00:24:40,440 --> 00:24:42,539
years older than the copper scroll of
520
00:24:42,539 --> 00:24:44,240
Kuman
521
00:24:44,240 --> 00:24:47,700
at the beginning of the inscription says Everything
522
00:24:47,700 --> 00:24:49,980
that is listed here wasn't
523
00:24:49,980 --> 00:24:52,580
really there,
524
00:24:55,039 --> 00:24:57,659
maybe the items existed
525
00:24:57,659 --> 00:25:00,960
at some point, but actually
526
00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:03,539
it was about what you would like to sacrifice to the goddess Athena
527
00:25:03,539 --> 00:25:06,059
even if you
528
00:25:06,059 --> 00:25:08,299
didn't have it,
529
00:25:08,360 --> 00:25:10,860
so you wanted to show how much you
530
00:25:10,860 --> 00:25:13,400
love the goddess,
531
00:25:14,940 --> 00:25:17,039
there is one Connection between the
532
00:25:17,039 --> 00:25:19,080
loan lists and the enigmatic
533
00:25:19,080 --> 00:25:21,539
copper scroll of kuman
534
00:25:21,539 --> 00:25:24,059
the scroll is written in Hebrew but
535
00:25:24,059 --> 00:25:25,679
upon closer inspection you can see
536
00:25:25,679 --> 00:25:28,080
Greek letters at the end of some
537
00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:30,419
entries
538
00:25:30,419 --> 00:25:32,400
Greek inventory lists contain
539
00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:35,159
similar symbols they were used like numbers
540
00:25:35,159 --> 00:25:37,620
on index cards for cataloging
541
00:25:37,620 --> 00:25:40,220
542
00:25:40,520 --> 00:25:42,260
[music]
543
00:25:42,260 --> 00:25:44,760
had to the presentation for their God
544
00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:46,500
sensible outlines maybe
545
00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:48,260
you had this with Greek letters
546
00:25:48,260 --> 00:25:51,179
also the copper scroll from kumran could have been
547
00:25:51,179 --> 00:25:53,039
a list of riches
548
00:25:53,039 --> 00:25:55,860
to be displayed in a temple that would
549
00:25:55,860 --> 00:25:59,179
also explain its material
550
00:25:59,179 --> 00:26:02,179
why was the scroll made of copper
551
00:26:02,179 --> 00:26:04,380
maybe it wasn't just about
552
00:26:04,380 --> 00:26:06,779
durability but also my shape During the
553
00:26:06,779 --> 00:26:09,260
presentation,
554
00:26:10,580 --> 00:26:12,779
the scroll may have hung like a
555
00:26:12,779 --> 00:26:15,120
tablet on the wall of a temple and
556
00:26:15,120 --> 00:26:17,700
testified to all the riches that had been
557
00:26:17,700 --> 00:26:20,840
donated to it over the years,
558
00:26:20,840 --> 00:26:23,580
but an unsolved problem remains.
559
00:26:23,580 --> 00:26:25,620
Unlike the Indian
560
00:26:25,620 --> 00:26:27,900
temple chronicle, there are references to locations in the copper scroll
561
00:26:27,900 --> 00:26:30,900
of Kumran where
562
00:26:30,900 --> 00:26:32,460
the treasures mentioned are said to be located,
563
00:26:32,460 --> 00:26:34,740
their authors were not afraid of
564
00:26:34,740 --> 00:26:36,900
565
00:26:36,900 --> 00:26:38,940
attracting the attention of ancient treasure hunters. The answer
566
00:26:38,940 --> 00:26:43,460
can be found in the last textiles.
567
00:26:53,340 --> 00:26:55,440
There is probably another
568
00:26:55,440 --> 00:26:57,480
scroll with the help of which one can find the exact
569
00:26:57,480 --> 00:26:59,400
locations of the treasures mentioned in the copper scroll
570
00:26:59,400 --> 00:27:01,320
of Kumran
571
00:27:01,320 --> 00:27:04,200
So not only have the treasures
572
00:27:04,200 --> 00:27:06,059
disappeared, but also the exact
573
00:27:06,059 --> 00:27:09,520
instructions on where to find them
574
00:27:09,520 --> 00:27:11,279
[music]
575
00:27:11,279 --> 00:27:14,100
As long as there is hope that a
576
00:27:14,100 --> 00:27:16,039
real treasure exists,
577
00:27:16,039 --> 00:27:19,440
treasure hunters will come to Kuman to find it
578
00:27:19,440 --> 00:27:21,500
579
00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:35,220
in the north of England
580
00:27:35,220 --> 00:27:37,679
in the stick's local museum There is
581
00:27:37,679 --> 00:27:39,480
a copy of one of the most bizarre
582
00:27:39,480 --> 00:27:42,299
inventions in history. It is almost
583
00:27:42,299 --> 00:27:45,240
a meter high and resembles a mini
584
00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:50,240
carousel but what does that mean? It is
585
00:27:51,299 --> 00:27:52,919
a
586
00:27:52,919 --> 00:27:54,840
scientific instrument from the
587
00:27:54,840 --> 00:27:57,120
Victorian era. The
588
00:27:57,120 --> 00:27:59,940
device made of mahogany wood, glass, silver
589
00:27:59,940 --> 00:28:02,460
and brass was once supposed to be change the world has
590
00:28:02,460 --> 00:28:05,059
591
00:28:06,059 --> 00:28:08,720
never happened before,
592
00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:13,200
it is the storm predictor, he is supposed to
593
00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:15,000
594
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,760
crack one of the biggest problems of the Victorian era, a
595
00:28:17,760 --> 00:28:21,720
reliable forecast of the weather
596
00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:25,080
and with the help of 12 leeches that
597
00:28:25,080 --> 00:28:27,179
live in glasses filled with water and
598
00:28:27,179 --> 00:28:29,820
are trained to ring a bell to
599
00:28:29,820 --> 00:28:32,659
bring
600
00:28:33,500 --> 00:28:36,059
weather conditions to people The leeches should
601
00:28:36,059 --> 00:28:37,500
swim upwards and thus
602
00:28:37,500 --> 00:28:40,760
indicate a bad weather front.
603
00:28:41,100 --> 00:28:43,559
Around 170 years ago
604
00:28:43,559 --> 00:28:46,020
people took the effectiveness of this device
605
00:28:46,020 --> 00:28:47,950
seriously
606
00:28:47,950 --> 00:28:51,000
[applause]
607
00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:53,340
who came up with this obscure idea,
608
00:28:53,340 --> 00:28:56,520
how should the device work and
609
00:28:56,520 --> 00:28:58,740
can leeches really predict the weather?
610
00:28:58,740 --> 00:29:02,100
Victorian era,
611
00:29:02,100 --> 00:29:05,279
many things suddenly seem possible notices
612
00:29:05,279 --> 00:29:08,299
the ideas had taken off
613
00:29:10,919 --> 00:29:13,860
in the 1850s the British made
614
00:29:13,860 --> 00:29:16,140
significant advances in technology
615
00:29:16,140 --> 00:29:17,539
and science
616
00:29:17,539 --> 00:29:20,760
inventions such as rubber tires photography
617
00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:24,059
and bicycles revolutionized life
618
00:29:24,059 --> 00:29:28,580
work and travel
619
00:29:28,580 --> 00:29:31,559
it was a time of extraordinary
620
00:29:31,559 --> 00:29:34,940
inventions and an enormous social
621
00:29:34,940 --> 00:29:37,679
physical industrial and
622
00:29:37,679 --> 00:29:40,140
economic change, the
623
00:29:40,140 --> 00:29:42,059
speed of which was simply overwhelming,
624
00:29:42,059 --> 00:29:43,520
625
00:29:43,520 --> 00:29:47,419
trade is booming and with it transport,
626
00:29:47,419 --> 00:29:49,440
the weather is also gaining
627
00:29:49,440 --> 00:29:51,010
in importance
628
00:29:51,010 --> 00:29:52,760
[music]
629
00:29:52,760 --> 00:29:55,080
the weather has always
630
00:29:55,080 --> 00:29:57,299
been important for society because the
631
00:29:57,299 --> 00:29:59,760
harvests depend on it, but as is
632
00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:01,679
trade and therefore transport On the
633
00:30:01,679 --> 00:30:04,020
world's oceans it became
634
00:30:04,020 --> 00:30:06,179
even more important to predict storms and storms
635
00:30:06,179 --> 00:30:08,720
636
00:30:13,399 --> 00:30:16,260
if you had a large fleet at sea
637
00:30:16,260 --> 00:30:18,840
instead of just a few small boats. As
638
00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:21,120
trade increased, the weather played
639
00:30:21,120 --> 00:30:23,399
an increasingly important role,
640
00:30:23,399 --> 00:30:26,299
641
00:30:26,820 --> 00:30:29,039
but weather forecasting still takes
642
00:30:29,039 --> 00:30:32,480
place as it did in the Middle Ages
643
00:30:32,480 --> 00:30:35,899
There were all sorts of farmer's rules like
644
00:30:35,899 --> 00:30:39,419
sunset, good weather boat, dawn with
645
00:30:39,419 --> 00:30:42,080
threat of rain.
646
00:30:42,200 --> 00:30:44,640
Such kind of proverbs no longer have a place in the
647
00:30:44,640 --> 00:30:45,779
scientific
648
00:30:45,779 --> 00:30:48,000
Victorian age.
649
00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:48,919
650
00:30:48,919 --> 00:30:53,159
Electricity, magnetism, evolution. The
651
00:30:53,159 --> 00:30:54,779
secrets of nature are being
652
00:30:54,779 --> 00:30:57,659
deciphered. Previously puzzling
653
00:30:57,659 --> 00:30:59,700
connections are being made
654
00:30:59,700 --> 00:31:01,740
655
00:31:01,740 --> 00:31:03,539
656
00:31:03,539 --> 00:31:05,899
657
00:31:07,460 --> 00:31:10,440
658
00:31:10,440 --> 00:31:12,059
Science suddenly seemed to be
659
00:31:12,059 --> 00:31:14,520
able to do everything, including
660
00:31:14,520 --> 00:31:17,460
understanding and predicting the weather, but
661
00:31:17,460 --> 00:31:19,620
meteorological knowledge was
662
00:31:19,620 --> 00:31:21,539
still in its infancy and no one
663
00:31:21,539 --> 00:31:25,940
knew what was possible and what wasn't.
664
00:31:27,659 --> 00:31:30,059
This is the moment when George
665
00:31:30,059 --> 00:31:32,779
Weber enters the scene.
666
00:31:32,779 --> 00:31:35,940
Mary weather was a doctor from Weedby with
667
00:31:35,940 --> 00:31:38,220
numerous interests, among other things,
668
00:31:38,220 --> 00:31:39,899
he was the curator of the local museum there
669
00:31:39,899 --> 00:31:41,840
670
00:31:41,840 --> 00:31:44,460
and he was also a passionate
671
00:31:44,460 --> 00:31:45,740
inventor.
672
00:31:45,740 --> 00:31:48,299
One of his inventions was a lamp
673
00:31:48,299 --> 00:31:50,480
that burned continuously for two weeks,
674
00:31:50,480 --> 00:31:52,860
supposedly with a mixture of pure
675
00:31:52,860 --> 00:31:55,100
alcohol and whiskey.
676
00:31:55,100 --> 00:31:58,260
Unfortunately, it doesn't get through to his
677
00:31:58,260 --> 00:32:00,000
customers It is probably to drink it before the
678
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:02,220
whiskey instead of burning it. In
679
00:32:02,220 --> 00:32:03,200
680
00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:06,120
1850 his groundbreaking
681
00:32:06,120 --> 00:32:09,419
storm forecaster followed. The basis is formed by
682
00:32:09,419 --> 00:32:11,940
several vessels filled with water and leeches.
683
00:32:11,940 --> 00:32:13,980
684
00:32:13,980 --> 00:32:16,799
At the top of each glass there is a
685
00:32:16,799 --> 00:32:19,440
snap mechanism attached that
686
00:32:19,440 --> 00:32:21,310
is connected to a bell
687
00:32:21,310 --> 00:32:23,419
[music]
688
00:32:23,419 --> 00:32:25,860
there was a small one Lever made of
689
00:32:25,860 --> 00:32:28,740
whale bones when the leeches
690
00:32:28,740 --> 00:32:31,140
got to it, it was triggered and a bell
691
00:32:31,140 --> 00:32:34,020
rang in case a
692
00:32:34,020 --> 00:32:36,840
single bloody leech made a mistake. Mary Weather
693
00:32:36,840 --> 00:32:41,720
had taken precautions, he used twelve of them.
694
00:32:42,980 --> 00:32:46,320
I not only relied on a noble and
695
00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:49,200
his knowledge of the weather, but also relied
696
00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:52,880
on a majority decision
697
00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:56,100
The more bells rang, the more
698
00:32:56,100 --> 00:32:59,299
reliable the forecast
699
00:33:00,600 --> 00:33:03,720
sounds understandable, but how did
700
00:33:03,720 --> 00:33:05,640
Merryweather come to the conclusion that
701
00:33:05,640 --> 00:33:09,860
leeches can predict the weather?
702
00:33:14,940 --> 00:33:17,880
In popular parlance, animals are often the task
703
00:33:17,880 --> 00:33:21,720
of meteorologists. There is
704
00:33:21,720 --> 00:33:23,700
a long tradition of inferring changes in the weather based on the
705
00:33:23,700 --> 00:33:25,080
behavior of animals There are
706
00:33:25,080 --> 00:33:27,419
707
00:33:27,419 --> 00:33:29,820
also good reasons, some animals
708
00:33:29,820 --> 00:33:31,799
react very sensitively to a
709
00:33:31,799 --> 00:33:34,640
change in the weather
710
00:33:35,750 --> 00:33:38,179
[music]
711
00:33:38,179 --> 00:33:40,860
the idea of using the change in behavior of
712
00:33:40,860 --> 00:33:42,600
animals as a tool for
713
00:33:42,600 --> 00:33:44,580
weather forecasting was
714
00:33:44,580 --> 00:33:48,919
ancient and quite common,
715
00:33:49,340 --> 00:33:51,779
for example when cows should
716
00:33:51,779 --> 00:33:55,140
lie down in the pasture, there will be rain,
717
00:33:55,140 --> 00:33:57,539
such farmer rules exist In all
718
00:33:57,539 --> 00:33:58,760
cultures
719
00:33:58,760 --> 00:34:02,940
in Germany there is the weather frog.
720
00:34:02,940 --> 00:34:04,860
In Germany, of course, everyone knows the
721
00:34:04,860 --> 00:34:06,840
weather frog, the frog that sits on the
722
00:34:06,840 --> 00:34:08,699
ladder in a glass vessel like that,
723
00:34:08,699 --> 00:34:10,739
while in the rest of the world this is not
724
00:34:10,739 --> 00:34:12,540
known at all and Germans believe
725
00:34:12,540 --> 00:34:14,639
that the weather frog really determines the
726
00:34:14,639 --> 00:34:16,560
weather through its position On the ladder
727
00:34:16,560 --> 00:34:18,359
728
00:34:18,359 --> 00:34:20,879
Mary can predict that the choice falls on leeches, which had
729
00:34:20,879 --> 00:34:22,739
a special fascination at the time.
730
00:34:22,739 --> 00:34:25,918
He claims that they
731
00:34:25,918 --> 00:34:28,020
would rise to the surface of the water
732
00:34:28,020 --> 00:34:32,780
when they felt the rain coming.
733
00:34:34,859 --> 00:34:37,260
Hedgehogs seem very primitive, like snails,
734
00:34:37,260 --> 00:34:39,659
but in reality they are extremely
735
00:34:39,659 --> 00:34:42,119
complex creatures. There are
736
00:34:42,119 --> 00:34:44,159
no leeches Shell or no
737
00:34:44,159 --> 00:34:46,139
shell are therefore not snails but
738
00:34:46,139 --> 00:34:48,418
are actually worms that live in water.
739
00:34:48,418 --> 00:34:51,780
Some people prefer fish, some horses,
740
00:34:51,780 --> 00:34:53,879
some people. They have a nice
741
00:34:53,879 --> 00:34:55,800
color pattern so they can be colored orange and green.
742
00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:57,500
743
00:34:57,500 --> 00:35:00,180
They are known mainly because of their
744
00:35:00,180 --> 00:35:01,880
favorite food.
745
00:35:01,880 --> 00:35:04,260
Leeches are actually really like
746
00:35:04,260 --> 00:35:06,380
small ones Worm vampires
747
00:35:06,380 --> 00:35:08,180
like
748
00:35:08,180 --> 00:35:11,820
to drink blood. They have
749
00:35:11,820 --> 00:35:15,320
two suction cups,
750
00:35:15,800 --> 00:35:19,320
the other is lined with hundreds of teeth
751
00:35:19,320 --> 00:35:23,180
and bites
752
00:35:23,839 --> 00:35:26,579
while the hedgehogs suck out the blood.
753
00:35:26,579 --> 00:35:29,579
They release two chemicals, an
754
00:35:29,579 --> 00:35:31,520
anesthetic and an
755
00:35:31,520 --> 00:35:33,960
anticoagulant, so that the blood flow
756
00:35:33,960 --> 00:35:36,380
stops
757
00:35:37,400 --> 00:35:40,140
as soon as they are full They
758
00:35:40,140 --> 00:35:42,480
survive for up to a year without having to
759
00:35:42,480 --> 00:35:45,619
eat again
760
00:35:51,380 --> 00:35:54,359
the ability to provide blood makes them noble
761
00:35:54,359 --> 00:35:56,820
particularly interesting. At that time
762
00:35:56,820 --> 00:35:58,020
the prevailing opinion was that human
763
00:35:58,020 --> 00:35:59,960
health depended on four humors:
764
00:35:59,960 --> 00:36:02,760
black bile, yellow bile, mucus and
765
00:36:02,760 --> 00:36:05,220
blood.
766
00:36:05,220 --> 00:36:07,320
Blood was an important component of
767
00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:09,119
one of these Juices, you could
768
00:36:09,119 --> 00:36:11,099
have bad blood, you could have too much
769
00:36:11,099 --> 00:36:13,800
blood and in both cases
770
00:36:13,800 --> 00:36:15,480
the leeches were of course perfect because they
771
00:36:15,480 --> 00:36:17,880
could suck out the blood that was too much or
772
00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:20,060
bad from the body.
773
00:36:20,060 --> 00:36:23,160
Bloodletting was a common
774
00:36:23,160 --> 00:36:26,099
medical treatment method back then. Leeches
775
00:36:26,099 --> 00:36:28,800
are a gentle alternative
776
00:36:28,800 --> 00:36:29,700
For example, you simply
777
00:36:29,700 --> 00:36:31,380
cut somewhere and of course that could
778
00:36:31,380 --> 00:36:33,540
cause people to bleed too much,
779
00:36:33,540 --> 00:36:35,280
especially if you
780
00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:37,560
did it so often, but you could
781
00:36:37,560 --> 00:36:39,119
also get terrible inflammation that
782
00:36:39,119 --> 00:36:40,740
couldn't be treated at the time, which is why
783
00:36:40,740 --> 00:36:42,900
the leeches were there For
784
00:36:42,900 --> 00:36:44,339
many, it was more natural and, so to speak,
785
00:36:44,339 --> 00:36:47,160
gentler and more targeted, the better
786
00:36:47,160 --> 00:36:48,850
method
787
00:36:48,850 --> 00:36:50,820
[music]
788
00:36:50,820 --> 00:36:53,160
that made medicinal leeches very
789
00:36:53,160 --> 00:36:55,099
popular.
790
00:36:55,099 --> 00:36:57,359
They were used for a variety of
791
00:36:57,359 --> 00:36:59,760
diseases. People were
792
00:36:59,760 --> 00:37:02,720
really keen on them. In
793
00:37:02,900 --> 00:37:06,900
1833, over
794
00:37:06,900 --> 00:37:09,900
41 million medicinal leeches were
795
00:37:09,900 --> 00:37:11,700
imported into France alone. In Germany there were Then
796
00:37:11,700 --> 00:37:13,800
farms were quickly bred on which leeches
797
00:37:13,800 --> 00:37:15,720
were bred and to this day there are
798
00:37:15,720 --> 00:37:17,820
still leech farms for
799
00:37:17,820 --> 00:37:19,740
medical commercial production in
800
00:37:19,740 --> 00:37:21,859
Germany.
801
00:37:22,020 --> 00:37:24,440
At that time there were people who
802
00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:26,579
worked as leech collectors, especially
803
00:37:26,579 --> 00:37:29,099
women, who rolled up their arms up
804
00:37:29,099 --> 00:37:30,900
their skirts and waited through
805
00:37:30,900 --> 00:37:33,420
bodies of water which you lived so that they
806
00:37:33,420 --> 00:37:35,900
sucked on your legs
807
00:37:35,900 --> 00:37:38,400
leeches are used so often that
808
00:37:38,400 --> 00:37:40,390
they are almost extinct
809
00:37:40,390 --> 00:37:43,579
[music]
810
00:37:43,579 --> 00:37:45,780
When developing the
811
00:37:45,780 --> 00:37:47,900
storm forecaster, he was inspired by a poem by the
812
00:37:47,900 --> 00:37:50,339
vaccination pioneer and nature observer
813
00:37:50,339 --> 00:37:53,250
Edward Jenner
814
00:37:53,250 --> 00:37:55,339
[music]
815
00:37:55,339 --> 00:37:58,680
the weight is called science of rain and
816
00:37:58,680 --> 00:38:00,960
contains the lines then the call is
817
00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:03,240
offset, the hedgehog climbs up in
818
00:38:03,240 --> 00:38:06,599
his prison all the way up as a
819
00:38:06,599 --> 00:38:09,599
Victorian doctor, Marie has a
820
00:38:09,599 --> 00:38:12,300
weakness for the animals but can they
821
00:38:12,300 --> 00:38:15,110
really predict the weather
822
00:38:15,110 --> 00:38:18,369
[music]
823
00:38:20,720 --> 00:38:23,579
the blood angels rise up when
824
00:38:23,579 --> 00:38:26,700
a rain front approaches that is
825
00:38:26,700 --> 00:38:28,980
Not as crazy as it sounds because in
826
00:38:28,980 --> 00:38:30,780
bad weather
827
00:38:30,780 --> 00:38:33,000
the air pressure usually drops to
828
00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:34,740
reduce the pressure. This is
829
00:38:34,740 --> 00:38:36,900
of course very important for the leeches because there
830
00:38:36,900 --> 00:38:38,339
is different amounts of
831
00:38:38,339 --> 00:38:39,900
oxygen in the water, for example the deeper they
832
00:38:39,900 --> 00:38:41,760
go, the less oxygen there is
833
00:38:41,760 --> 00:38:43,140
and the higher they are The more
834
00:38:43,140 --> 00:38:45,119
oxygen there is, so they have to be
835
00:38:45,119 --> 00:38:47,400
able to perceive the pressure.
836
00:38:47,400 --> 00:38:49,380
In addition to the oxygen coming
837
00:38:49,380 --> 00:38:51,680
out of the water directly through their skin, hedgehogs
838
00:38:51,680 --> 00:38:54,480
react very sensitively to the
839
00:38:54,480 --> 00:38:56,400
concentration of oxygen in the water
840
00:38:56,400 --> 00:38:59,099
and this changes as the
841
00:38:59,099 --> 00:39:01,280
air pressure
842
00:39:01,280 --> 00:39:03,420
falls, the air pressure has less
843
00:39:03,420 --> 00:39:06,240
oxygen in it Water the leeches come
844
00:39:06,240 --> 00:39:08,220
to the surface where there is a higher
845
00:39:08,220 --> 00:39:10,099
oxygen content
846
00:39:10,099 --> 00:39:13,079
they react to this and that is the
847
00:39:13,079 --> 00:39:16,619
basis on which the device is based
848
00:39:16,619 --> 00:39:18,300
but in order for the storm forecaster to
849
00:39:18,300 --> 00:39:20,400
work the leeches have to
850
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:23,760
trigger a bell every time. Is that
851
00:39:23,760 --> 00:39:26,220
even possible?
852
00:39:26,220 --> 00:39:28,140
I have trained leeches myself
853
00:39:28,140 --> 00:39:29,760
tried to bring the forest to see if
854
00:39:29,760 --> 00:39:31,500
they didn't migrate over a certain height,
855
00:39:31,500 --> 00:39:33,480
how quickly they
856
00:39:33,480 --> 00:39:35,099
forgot certain things and I was
857
00:39:35,099 --> 00:39:36,660
amazed that the leeches
858
00:39:36,660 --> 00:39:39,780
could do more than we expected,
859
00:39:39,780 --> 00:39:42,240
but Mary Weather complained that some
860
00:39:42,240 --> 00:39:44,520
leeches have a difficult character
861
00:39:44,520 --> 00:39:46,980
from today's perspective
862
00:39:46,980 --> 00:39:48,420
Of course it seems a bit strange when you hear
863
00:39:48,420 --> 00:39:50,940
that Mary Weather thought some of
864
00:39:50,940 --> 00:39:52,260
these leeches can predict the future,
865
00:39:52,260 --> 00:39:54,000
some are a bit
866
00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:55,680
smarter, others are a bit stupider,
867
00:39:55,680 --> 00:39:57,780
but I have worked with leeches myself
868
00:39:57,780 --> 00:39:59,220
and I know that you can see the
869
00:39:59,220 --> 00:40:00,660
differences between the
870
00:40:00,660 --> 00:40:02,579
animals remembers and
871
00:40:02,579 --> 00:40:04,020
can then, let's say, imagine that you have the
872
00:40:04,020 --> 00:40:05,220
right personalities and
873
00:40:05,220 --> 00:40:07,320
skills.
874
00:40:07,320 --> 00:40:09,960
Mary wasn't completely wrong,
875
00:40:09,960 --> 00:40:12,540
Dr. Mary weather's idea is
876
00:40:12,540 --> 00:40:14,579
of course not completely crazy, it was
877
00:40:14,579 --> 00:40:15,960
perhaps an experiment that
878
00:40:15,960 --> 00:40:17,940
wasn't particularly accurate and what
879
00:40:17,940 --> 00:40:19,980
no one did after that has pursued more but it
880
00:40:19,980 --> 00:40:21,780
could be that there is a
881
00:40:21,780 --> 00:40:25,760
drop or more truth in it
882
00:40:25,940 --> 00:40:28,740
if his storm forecast
883
00:40:28,740 --> 00:40:31,260
could actually work then why did
884
00:40:31,260 --> 00:40:33,599
n't he get his way then what went wrong was due
885
00:40:33,599 --> 00:40:35,900
886
00:40:36,980 --> 00:40:40,260
to the doctor's lack of self-confidence
887
00:40:40,260 --> 00:40:42,860
it certainly wasn't
888
00:40:42,860 --> 00:40:44,000
[music]
889
00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:46,200
received gave a lecture to the
890
00:40:46,200 --> 00:40:47,760
891
00:40:47,760 --> 00:40:50,339
Whitby Literary and Philosophical Society and talked
892
00:40:50,339 --> 00:40:52,380
for three hours about the success of the
893
00:40:52,380 --> 00:40:54,599
device while comparing himself to
894
00:40:54,599 --> 00:40:57,480
Galileo. The storm prediction was
895
00:40:57,480 --> 00:40:59,760
really that good.
896
00:40:59,760 --> 00:41:02,099
A London newspaper reported
897
00:41:02,099 --> 00:41:04,140
his successful prediction of a
898
00:41:04,140 --> 00:41:06,020
strong storm
899
00:41:06,020 --> 00:41:10,200
51.5 hours before it Elevator a very
900
00:41:10,200 --> 00:41:14,730
comfortable fault tolerance or general
901
00:41:14,730 --> 00:41:16,579
[Music] In
902
00:41:16,579 --> 00:41:19,560
1851, Mary Weather presented his
903
00:41:19,560 --> 00:41:21,359
promising invention at the
904
00:41:21,359 --> 00:41:23,480
World Exhibition in London.
905
00:41:23,480 --> 00:41:25,980
All the important scientists,
906
00:41:25,980 --> 00:41:27,900
inventors and manufacturers of the
907
00:41:27,900 --> 00:41:31,260
time were there. He was a sensation
908
00:41:31,260 --> 00:41:34,500
for the time and in the middle of it all
909
00:41:34,500 --> 00:41:37,040
stood Mary Weather with his leech
910
00:41:37,040 --> 00:41:41,099
successful PR campaign but what
911
00:41:41,099 --> 00:41:43,380
he needs is not only the recognition
912
00:41:43,380 --> 00:41:45,359
of the public but also
913
00:41:45,359 --> 00:41:47,420
government support
914
00:41:47,420 --> 00:41:49,680
he wanted the government to
915
00:41:49,680 --> 00:41:52,260
install his devices along the coast to
916
00:41:52,260 --> 00:41:54,540
917
00:41:54,540 --> 00:41:56,720
help sailors and merchant sleighs
918
00:41:56,839 --> 00:42:00,540
but unlike the leeches the
919
00:42:00,540 --> 00:42:02,520
government doesn't bite
920
00:42:02,520 --> 00:42:06,060
us prognosticator Storm forecaster
921
00:42:06,060 --> 00:42:08,760
wasn't a success, actually not very
922
00:42:08,760 --> 00:42:10,440
surprising. It was expensive to
923
00:42:10,440 --> 00:42:12,480
produce and maintain, among
924
00:42:12,480 --> 00:42:14,339
other things because the leeches kept
925
00:42:14,339 --> 00:42:16,740
dying, and it wasn't particularly
926
00:42:16,740 --> 00:42:19,400
reliable
927
00:42:20,930 --> 00:42:22,700
928
00:42:22,700 --> 00:42:25,460
929
00:42:25,460 --> 00:42:29,720
930
00:42:29,839 --> 00:42:32,520
was developed,
931
00:42:32,520 --> 00:42:35,290
it seemed quite outdated
932
00:42:35,290 --> 00:42:38,000
[Music] At
933
00:42:38,000 --> 00:42:40,920
the beginning and middle of the 19th century,
934
00:42:40,920 --> 00:42:42,960
scientific devices were no
935
00:42:42,960 --> 00:42:45,480
longer allowed to look like aquariums in which
936
00:42:45,480 --> 00:42:48,380
small creatures swam
937
00:42:48,380 --> 00:42:51,359
in an era that wanted to leave superstition behind
938
00:42:51,359 --> 00:42:53,460
and embrace science.
939
00:42:53,460 --> 00:42:55,920
Other inventions
940
00:42:55,920 --> 00:43:00,140
soon predicted the storm In the shadows,
941
00:43:00,140 --> 00:43:02,700
the telegraph brought enormous progress
942
00:43:02,700 --> 00:43:05,280
because
943
00:43:05,280 --> 00:43:06,960
with its help weather stations could exchange
944
00:43:06,960 --> 00:43:08,880
information about the prevailing
945
00:43:08,880 --> 00:43:11,400
weather much more quickly. Using
946
00:43:11,400 --> 00:43:13,800
precise maps, so much more accurate
947
00:43:13,800 --> 00:43:15,780
forecasts could be made than with the
948
00:43:15,780 --> 00:43:18,740
help of the bloody one that
949
00:43:20,060 --> 00:43:23,220
remains of Mary Withers' bizarre
950
00:43:23,220 --> 00:43:26,880
invention Replica in the museum
951
00:43:26,880 --> 00:43:30,119
whose curator he was once, it stands as an
952
00:43:30,119 --> 00:43:33,440
exhibit, but without the
953
00:43:33,440 --> 00:43:37,339
blood-sucking meteorologists
61251
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