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[Music]
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Is this really the man who
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destroyed Troy with the help of a wooden horse?
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Schliemann is said to have seen the face
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of Agamemnon.
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This corroded metal plate is a
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weapon of mass destruction. It is the
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equivalent of an atomic bomb
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and these strange cylinders can
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unlock the secrets of Stonehenge,
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but without the picture the box
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[music]
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fascinating mysterious objects
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long hidden in museums laboratories and
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archives
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now we can use the latest
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technology to unravel their secrets
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[music]
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disassemble
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and enlarge
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and thus forget
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these are the strangest things in the world
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[music]
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in the National Archaeological Museum in
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Athens becomes this important relic from
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ancient Greece preserved
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some claim it is evidence that one of
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the greatest myths in history is true
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with the help of the latest technology
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we shed light on the darkness and reveal the
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mystery of the mysterious gold mask of
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Agamemnon,
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according to legend the king who
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led the siege of Troy
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King so not a real person but if
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this is Agamemnon's mask then he
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obviously lived.
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The mask is about 25 cm high and 17 cm
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wide and made from a single gold plate.
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Every detail is meticulously embossed into
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the gold.
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You get the feeling that you are looking at a person
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who lived thousands of years ago
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this is a delusion
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it bears no resemblance to other
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objects from Greece of that
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time
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it was conjured up by an archaeologist
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obsessed with
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bringing a myth to life it
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looks like the mask has been redesigned
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this mysterious relic is
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real who is the man behind the
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gold mask and history has to be
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rewritten if evidence is
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found
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1876 South Greece
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the German archaeologist Heinrich
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Schliemann searches for a legend in the ruins of the
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Bronze Age citadel of Mycenae
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Mycenae was an important city it had
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large ones Walls made of heavy stone bridges
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that were supposedly built by Cyclops
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because the walls were so huge it was believed
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that they could only be built by monsters
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the place
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within the mighty walls Schliemann comes across
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a long-buried grave during his excavations
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Simon Schneemann discovers the remains
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of 19 People children adults men
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and women
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he also discovers a treasure chest
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in which there are a number of valuable
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items including gold and silver
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gemstones jewelry even gold leaves with
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which some corpses were covered and
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he finds something that is different from all
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previous finds from ancient
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Greece some
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faces of the deceased those
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buried here were covered with gold masks
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no one had seen such Greek
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death masks before each of them was
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made from a single sheet of gold
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four of them are relatively simply
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decorated but one of the masks is very
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decorative it has more details so it looks
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more like a face looks
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that you can see
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the mask is known as the gold mask of
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Agamemnon no one has
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actually discovered the tomb of a mythical
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king
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of Greece have reported
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coming across the face of Agamemnon
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who is Agamemnon and why is it so
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important that he existed
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[music]
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then Agamemnon was one of the most powerful
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Greek kings of that time. The
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story of Agamemnon is told in the
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Iliad and the Odyssey, the works
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of the ancient Greek poet.
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According to Agamemnon, he wages a
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legendary ten-year war against
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Troy. It ends with his soldiers
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overcoming the mighty fortification walls
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Hide the famous Trojan Horse in a huge wooden horse.
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The story of the Trojan War
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is one of the most important mythical
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tales in literature.
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According to more, the Trojan
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War took place over 3000 years ago in a
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mysterious age. Instead, it is
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no easy task to
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unravel these stories and facts from
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fiction To separate the problem is
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that they are full of characters that
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make it seem like they really existed,
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kings and warriors for example, but there were also
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many mythological creatures like
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Cyclops, one-eyed giants or other
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monsters that the heroes fought against,
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places like Troy that were fought over Conflict
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in which Elias turns were unknown many
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scholars believed the city to be
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gods of immense mythological lands, it's
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all a bit hard to believe so
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how can you come up with the idea that this
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could really be Agamemnon
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than how to find the mask he has been around
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for years obsessed with
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proving that the Iliad is more than just a
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tall tale
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Schliemann believes that many of the
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classic stories like the Elias
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are true, that their characters are real and
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not a myth. He was obsessed with
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proving that
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Schliemann's expedition begins with the
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search for the legendary one City of Troy there
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are rumors that the ruins of Troy
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are buried somewhere in the northwest of what is now Turkey in 1870
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Snowman begins his
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excavations at a place called isarlik
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[music]
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was a man-made mound
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that in the past was much closer to
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the coast
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that means that there was a good view of
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incoming ships and he had a
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very good strategic location for
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trade in the Mediterranean
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after three years of excavation
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Schliemann hits the jackpot he discovers a
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forgotten city
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there is evidence of destruction and
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fire which fits well with the story of the
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Troy of was plundered by the Greeks,
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he finds valuable objects, he
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connects them with Priam, the
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king of the Trojans in Elias,
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it is one of the greatest
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archaeological finds of all time,
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the discovery of Troy proved that the
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city was not a myth but actually
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existed
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[music].
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then other myths could
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also be true
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after he had found the place from the legend
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he was now looking for one of the characters
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Schliemann concentrates on
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Agamemnon according to Homer explained that
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after his victory in Troy he returned to his
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homeland where he was
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killed by his wife's lover and Buried on the
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city wall, this is exactly
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where Schliemann finds the
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extraordinary gold mask with which
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he seals his Rome.
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The media hype is great because the mask
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seems to be proof that
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the king from Greek
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mythology really existed during the Trojan
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War -
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this is remarkable because it had been there
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for decades other archaeologists
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unsuccessfully tried to find evidence of the
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Trojan War
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within just three years
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Schliemann discovered not only the location of the
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event but also the main character
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Schliemann are so bad to
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find everything a
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version edition figures were
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buried exactly where he roughly
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had either Schliemann extremely
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lucky or it's just too good to
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be true
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in Schliemann times this was a very
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strange find because there was nothing
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like it from ancient
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Greece you have to go to Egypt
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to find something similar to this
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golden mask that you put on the heads of the
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Deceased
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and no one finds not only a never-
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before-seen mask but five
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some people don't believe that this
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mask was authentic they thought that it had been
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faked badly
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not only the mask seems out of
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place also Schliemannshof was highly
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questionable
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was not a professional archaeologist
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Interest in archeology only came in
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old age after he was already a multi-
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millionaire, he invested in
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various industries and
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also earned a lot of money from the gold rush in
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the USA.
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People knew that he
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was very charismatic and worked with great
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passion, but that does
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n't mean they believe him
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All of the items you
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had either found seemed to
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come from different eras it
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seemed like he had just put together a
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group of very impressive
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items
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they thought he sometimes just made up
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stories it didn't just stop at
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telling fairy tales
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would be accused of smuggling some of the
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treasure for which he
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had to pay a fine to the Turkish government
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it is not surprising that some
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suspect Schneemann had manipulated the mask find
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but again it is not that simple.
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Snowman was accompanied
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by Greek officials during the excavations in Mycenae.
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Schliemann was a
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controversial figure so that
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He was not trusted, he was
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under observation during the excavations.
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Most scientists today believe
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that Schliemann simply did not have the
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opportunity to smuggle in fake masks
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without being observed. They are
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sure that the mask of Agamemnon
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is really ancient, but some
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still think that there is something wrong with it On
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closer inspection, the
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sharp facial features, the individual
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beard hairs and the mustache stand out.
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The appearance of this mask is
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clearly different from the others. The
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level of detail does not seem to fit such an old
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mask.
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Some scientists are of the opinion
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that this mask is more likely from a
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classical period Ironically, 700
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years after the Elijah story around 500
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BC, it
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looks too Greek for its supposed age.
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One suspects that perhaps no one has reworked the mask.
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Under high magnification,
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scientists notice a detail on the
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mustache that looks like it has been
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turned upside down up but
289
00:12:29,160 --> 00:12:32,100
maybe he went down beforehand the
290
00:12:32,100 --> 00:12:33,899
assumption Snowman didn't have the
291
00:12:33,899 --> 00:12:35,220
opportunity to smuggle in a fake
292
00:12:35,220 --> 00:12:37,920
but maybe he
293
00:12:37,920 --> 00:12:40,220
reworked the original
294
00:12:40,220 --> 00:12:42,779
it wasn't clear what the mask
295
00:12:42,779 --> 00:12:44,940
looked like before it was only photographed a few weeks after it was
296
00:12:44,940 --> 00:12:47,220
discovered
297
00:12:47,220 --> 00:12:48,600
so someone would have changed the mask
298
00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:50,480
299
00:12:50,480 --> 00:12:53,279
The argument may have been made that the mask
300
00:12:53,279 --> 00:12:55,500
is too detailed to be real,
301
00:12:55,500 --> 00:12:58,320
however there is a catch - it
302
00:12:58,320 --> 00:13:00,060
may be different from many Mikenean
303
00:13:00,060 --> 00:13:02,839
artefacts but its appearance is not
304
00:13:02,839 --> 00:13:06,420
unique - a drinking vessel was
305
00:13:06,420 --> 00:13:08,700
found with a lion's mane and this
306
00:13:08,700 --> 00:13:10,760
mane was the beard and mustache of
307
00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:14,839
Agamemnon - mask is quite similar in style,
308
00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:18,420
this suggests that
309
00:13:18,420 --> 00:13:19,560
the other
310
00:13:19,560 --> 00:13:21,300
masks were from a similar time as
311
00:13:21,300 --> 00:13:24,019
this drinking vessel,
312
00:13:24,019 --> 00:13:29,180
the conclusion is logical
313
00:13:29,360 --> 00:13:32,160
that the mask is real, that it is
314
00:13:32,160 --> 00:13:34,260
a mask that
315
00:13:34,260 --> 00:13:35,700
was created in antiquity and was not changed later so
316
00:13:35,700 --> 00:13:37,800
317
00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:39,839
is this really the face of the
318
00:13:39,839 --> 00:13:42,300
legendary destroyer of Troy King
319
00:13:42,300 --> 00:13:45,180
Agamemnon
320
00:13:45,180 --> 00:13:47,579
the problem is that with Schliemann
321
00:13:47,579 --> 00:13:50,399
everything is never as it seems let's take
322
00:13:50,399 --> 00:13:54,260
the undisputed discovery of Troy
323
00:13:54,980 --> 00:13:57,300
Schliemann stopped digging when he
324
00:13:57,300 --> 00:13:59,760
found evidence of a large fire they
325
00:13:59,760 --> 00:14:01,380
agreed with him according to the evidence of
326
00:14:01,380 --> 00:14:04,100
the Trojan War
327
00:14:04,100 --> 00:14:07,320
was that back then they lungs
328
00:14:07,320 --> 00:14:09,079
were built on top of each other almost like a layer cake
329
00:14:09,079 --> 00:14:12,000
when one settlement was abandoned
330
00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:13,920
another was built on top of it centuries later
331
00:14:13,920 --> 00:14:16,160
332
00:14:17,540 --> 00:14:20,459
was a reality a much earlier
333
00:14:20,459 --> 00:14:22,860
city through the real Troy had
334
00:14:22,860 --> 00:14:24,720
been dug through without him
335
00:14:24,720 --> 00:14:27,720
noticing and it looks like no one
336
00:14:27,720 --> 00:14:31,920
in Migraine was wrong about the time in
337
00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:34,620
which the mask was found. It does
338
00:14:34,620 --> 00:14:36,540
not date from the time in which Agamemnon is said to have
339
00:14:36,540 --> 00:14:38,420
lived.
340
00:14:38,420 --> 00:14:41,339
The mask was found in a shaft tomb.
341
00:14:41,339 --> 00:14:43,740
Recent studies show that the
342
00:14:43,740 --> 00:14:46,560
Mycenaeans built such tombs Set about 300
343
00:14:46,560 --> 00:14:48,480
years before the Trojan Wars it
344
00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:50,360
345
00:14:50,360 --> 00:14:52,740
is agreed that the
346
00:14:52,740 --> 00:14:55,620
mask is a real artifact it
347
00:14:55,620 --> 00:14:59,060
just doesn't show King Agamemnon
348
00:14:59,160 --> 00:15:01,139
no it turns out that this
349
00:15:01,139 --> 00:15:03,420
golden object is far too old to
350
00:15:03,420 --> 00:15:06,660
show the mythical destroyer of Troy
351
00:15:06,660 --> 00:15:09,360
if so not Agamemnon then who is
352
00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:13,339
the man behind the gold mask
353
00:15:13,830 --> 00:15:16,320
[applause]
354
00:15:16,320 --> 00:15:19,019
maybe Agamemnon doesn't know but it
355
00:15:19,019 --> 00:15:20,519
was certainly an important
356
00:15:20,519 --> 00:15:22,920
personality maybe a king who
357
00:15:22,920 --> 00:15:24,680
was buried with this dead mask
358
00:15:24,680 --> 00:15:27,540
according to recent research it must have been
359
00:15:27,540 --> 00:15:30,920
an important personality
360
00:15:30,920 --> 00:15:33,240
during the Bronze Age Most of
361
00:15:33,240 --> 00:15:35,040
the Mediterranean in terms of trade,
362
00:15:35,040 --> 00:15:38,699
culture and warfare
363
00:15:38,699 --> 00:15:40,740
may have been a river that stretched across the
364
00:15:40,740 --> 00:15:43,040
entire region.
365
00:15:43,040 --> 00:15:45,959
In excavations in Mycemic cities
366
00:15:45,959 --> 00:15:48,180
we have found the grave of a warrior with
367
00:15:48,180 --> 00:15:50,519
many elements that are related to
368
00:15:50,519 --> 00:15:53,040
other civilizations in the region
369
00:15:53,040 --> 00:15:55,519
370
00:15:56,180 --> 00:15:58,980
it seems that this king could have had contact with
371
00:15:58,980 --> 00:16:01,079
a very strong very famous
372
00:16:01,079 --> 00:16:03,800
civilization
373
00:16:03,800 --> 00:16:06,240
we found a small figure of the
374
00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:09,740
Egyptian goddess
375
00:16:10,620 --> 00:16:12,959
that would explain where the idea for
376
00:16:12,959 --> 00:16:15,959
the golden death mask came from
377
00:16:15,959 --> 00:16:18,480
so it is possible that the Mycenaean
378
00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:20,579
similar masks were seen on deceased kings
379
00:16:20,579 --> 00:16:22,920
and pharaohs in Egypt had
380
00:16:22,920 --> 00:16:26,339
and were excited by the idea
381
00:16:26,339 --> 00:16:28,620
the fact that this mask does not
382
00:16:28,620 --> 00:16:31,019
depict the face of Agamemnon does
383
00:16:31,019 --> 00:16:32,880
not make it any less remarkable or
384
00:16:32,880 --> 00:16:36,240
less important the real Agamemnon
385
00:16:36,240 --> 00:16:38,940
could even be a descendant of this man
386
00:16:38,940 --> 00:16:39,620
387
00:16:39,620 --> 00:16:43,199
Troy has proven to be more real so why
388
00:16:43,199 --> 00:16:44,980
not Agamemnon
389
00:16:44,980 --> 00:16:48,710
[music]
390
00:16:50,220 --> 00:16:52,920
in the International Spy Museum in
391
00:16:52,920 --> 00:16:55,680
Washington DC This corroded
392
00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:58,680
copper plate is kept for this
393
00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:00,480
object is worth more than its weight in
394
00:17:00,480 --> 00:17:02,600
gold
395
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,220
with the latest technology we reveal
396
00:17:05,220 --> 00:17:07,880
its secret
397
00:17:08,579 --> 00:17:10,980
by enlarging the object and then
398
00:17:10,980 --> 00:17:12,780
zooming in, faint
399
00:17:12,780 --> 00:17:14,760
markings are visible that are inset on the
400
00:17:14,760 --> 00:17:17,760
surface
401
00:17:17,760 --> 00:17:19,799
402
00:17:19,799 --> 00:17:21,599
Remove the corrosion digitally and they finally become
403
00:17:21,599 --> 00:17:24,959
clearly visible. This object is covered
404
00:17:24,959 --> 00:17:26,760
with tiny symbols and lettering.
405
00:17:26,760 --> 00:17:28,500
The engravings were
406
00:17:28,500 --> 00:17:31,440
made by highly qualified people.
407
00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:33,720
At first glance it is unreadable,
408
00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:36,840
but if you turn the image around,
409
00:17:36,840 --> 00:17:40,140
the words Bank of England appear, the
410
00:17:40,140 --> 00:17:43,160
central bank of the United States Kingdom
411
00:17:43,160 --> 00:17:45,780
on closer inspection you can see a
412
00:17:45,780 --> 00:17:48,679
mark for 10 pounds and the date 1937 so
413
00:17:48,679 --> 00:17:51,179
it is a printing plate for the
414
00:17:51,179 --> 00:17:54,299
production of British 10 pound notes
415
00:17:54,299 --> 00:17:56,580
something so valuable should
416
00:17:56,580 --> 00:17:59,520
be kept safe but this plate
417
00:17:59,520 --> 00:18:01,860
was not discovered in a London safe
418
00:18:01,860 --> 00:18:05,880
it was found in 1959 on a most
419
00:18:05,880 --> 00:18:07,740
unusual one Place found at the
420
00:18:07,740 --> 00:18:11,039
bottom of an Austrian lake
421
00:18:11,039 --> 00:18:13,039
how did the copper plate get there
422
00:18:13,039 --> 00:18:18,440
where did it come from is it not
423
00:18:20,580 --> 00:18:23,940
in the 1930s at all the design of the
424
00:18:23,940 --> 00:18:27,780
10 pound notes is over 150 years old and you
425
00:18:27,780 --> 00:18:29,360
can tell
426
00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:32,460
they were printed on white paper there
427
00:18:32,460 --> 00:18:34,559
was none Color used they were
428
00:18:34,559 --> 00:18:36,299
only printed on one side there was no
429
00:18:36,299 --> 00:18:38,960
embossing and no metal strips
430
00:18:38,960 --> 00:18:41,039
the banknote was made using a
431
00:18:41,039 --> 00:18:43,640
printing plate just like this one
432
00:18:43,640 --> 00:18:46,860
it is a very carefully engraved
433
00:18:46,860 --> 00:18:48,840
object onto which ink is applied
434
00:18:48,840 --> 00:18:51,360
and then you press on the paper to
435
00:18:51,360 --> 00:18:53,580
make the banknote
436
00:18:53,580 --> 00:18:55,260
[music ]
437
00:18:55,260 --> 00:18:57,360
However, upon closer inspection, there is a
438
00:18:57,360 --> 00:19:00,299
mistake next to the abbreviated word
439
00:19:00,299 --> 00:19:02,640
for company, there is a metal splinter
440
00:19:02,640 --> 00:19:05,280
that would leave an ink stain on the note,
441
00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:08,100
this is an indication
442
00:19:08,100 --> 00:19:10,160
that it is a counterfeit.
443
00:19:10,160 --> 00:19:12,200
On the contrary,
444
00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:15,000
the Bank of England built in a few nice
445
00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:16,559
little tricks to deceive counterfeiters
446
00:19:16,559 --> 00:19:18,080
447
00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:21,000
the figure of Britannia only has one
448
00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:23,280
earring instead of two and there were dots
449
00:19:23,280 --> 00:19:25,559
that were supposed to look like compression springs but were
450
00:19:25,559 --> 00:19:28,200
deliberately put there. These
451
00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:30,240
small errors were extremely difficult to
452
00:19:30,240 --> 00:19:32,220
detect and reproduce and
453
00:19:32,220 --> 00:19:35,100
were intended to deter counterfeiters
454
00:19:35,100 --> 00:19:37,919
in the 1930s
455
00:19:37,919 --> 00:19:40,740
Banknotes up to 150 errors hidden
456
00:19:40,740 --> 00:19:43,380
the tiny dot on this plate is
457
00:19:43,380 --> 00:19:46,679
definitely one of them others could have
458
00:19:46,679 --> 00:19:48,419
459
00:19:48,419 --> 00:19:50,360
disappeared from the printing plate after years under water
460
00:19:50,360 --> 00:19:53,160
they were made from very fine metal parts
461
00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:55,320
and it is precisely these fine
462
00:19:55,320 --> 00:19:57,980
details that corrode first
463
00:19:57,980 --> 00:20:01,200
the Britannia for example is hardly any more
464
00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:03,740
However,
465
00:20:03,740 --> 00:20:06,120
from the remains of this plate
466
00:20:06,120 --> 00:20:08,039
there seems to be nothing to indicate
467
00:20:08,039 --> 00:20:10,020
that it is not a real
468
00:20:10,020 --> 00:20:12,679
printing plate.
469
00:20:12,679 --> 00:20:15,000
So what is a British
470
00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:18,299
money printing plate doing over 1100 km from London
471
00:20:18,299 --> 00:20:20,700
on the bottom of a lake in
472
00:20:20,700 --> 00:20:22,260
Austria?
473
00:20:22,260 --> 00:20:24,660
The most important clue to the origin of
474
00:20:24,660 --> 00:20:27,000
the plate is that the Divers who
475
00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:28,740
found them were looking for a
476
00:20:28,740 --> 00:20:32,280
notorious treasure towards the end of the
477
00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:34,140
war, people watch as
478
00:20:34,140 --> 00:20:36,179
German soldiers bring wagons with boxes to
479
00:20:36,179 --> 00:20:38,000
the lake and sink them there.
480
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:40,559
Nobody knows what's in there but
481
00:20:40,559 --> 00:20:43,940
everyone believes that it's Nazi gold
482
00:20:43,940 --> 00:20:48,000
but when they do In 1959, they dive to the bottom of the lake and
483
00:20:48,000 --> 00:20:50,360
find no gold.
484
00:20:50,360 --> 00:20:54,120
They discover this copper plate. This
485
00:20:54,120 --> 00:20:57,480
raises the question of why the
486
00:20:57,480 --> 00:20:59,220
Germans had a printing plate for British
487
00:20:59,220 --> 00:21:02,179
ten pound notes.
488
00:21:03,559 --> 00:21:06,179
Historians search secret Nazi files
489
00:21:06,179 --> 00:21:08,520
for answers and come across a
490
00:21:08,520 --> 00:21:10,820
company codenamed Operation
491
00:21:10,820 --> 00:21:13,559
Andreas Germans want to literally bombard the
492
00:21:13,559 --> 00:21:15,020
British economy with money.
493
00:21:15,020 --> 00:21:18,240
494
00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:20,640
The plan is to drop 30 billion of
495
00:21:20,640 --> 00:21:22,860
counterfeit money over Great Britain from the
496
00:21:22,860 --> 00:21:25,520
air.
497
00:21:25,640 --> 00:21:28,320
The British would find and spend this money
498
00:21:28,320 --> 00:21:30,480
and feed it into the economic system.
499
00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:33,059
This would undermine the entire
500
00:21:33,059 --> 00:21:35,159
basis of the currency and
501
00:21:35,159 --> 00:21:36,900
the economic system would
502
00:21:36,900 --> 00:21:38,360
collapse
503
00:21:38,360 --> 00:21:40,860
the British were put in such dire
504
00:21:40,860 --> 00:21:43,080
financial straits that they
505
00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:44,880
would no longer be able to fight a war
506
00:21:44,880 --> 00:21:47,100
Germany would win without
507
00:21:47,100 --> 00:21:49,559
firing a shot this is the
508
00:21:49,559 --> 00:21:51,000
economic equivalent of an
509
00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:53,039
atomic bomb
510
00:21:53,039 --> 00:21:55,020
all you have to do is make a perfectly
511
00:21:55,020 --> 00:21:57,780
fake printing plate not an
512
00:21:57,780 --> 00:22:00,980
easy task
513
00:22:01,390 --> 00:22:02,580
[music]
514
00:22:02,580 --> 00:22:04,799
The plan to destroy the British economy
515
00:22:04,799 --> 00:22:07,140
begins in a large villa
516
00:22:07,140 --> 00:22:09,480
in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin where
517
00:22:09,480 --> 00:22:12,840
Operation Andreas is based. The
518
00:22:12,840 --> 00:22:14,640
pictures. The building is an SS
519
00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:16,620
training center that has already been used for the
520
00:22:16,620 --> 00:22:18,120
production of false documents and
521
00:22:18,120 --> 00:22:20,400
forgeries. The Nazis
522
00:22:20,400 --> 00:22:22,620
recruit the mathematician and Kurt
523
00:22:22,620 --> 00:22:25,159
[ __ ] Albert Langer as their leader
524
00:22:25,159 --> 00:22:27,419
he is a highly qualified
525
00:22:27,419 --> 00:22:29,640
scientist but he also believes that
526
00:22:29,640 --> 00:22:31,799
King Arthur was real and that the
527
00:22:31,799 --> 00:22:33,419
British flag contains magical symbols
528
00:22:33,419 --> 00:22:35,720
529
00:22:36,059 --> 00:22:38,880
Langer has a clever idea he wants to
530
00:22:38,880 --> 00:22:40,220
531
00:22:40,220 --> 00:22:42,600
use a light-sensitive and acid-resistant dye to
532
00:22:42,600 --> 00:22:46,460
make a perfect copy
533
00:22:46,460 --> 00:22:49,080
Lange's plan was initially To take as
534
00:22:49,080 --> 00:22:51,960
perfect a photo as possible of a real 10 pound note
535
00:22:51,960 --> 00:22:54,120
and then transfer this image
536
00:22:54,120 --> 00:22:56,100
to a plate with an acid-resistant dye.
537
00:22:56,100 --> 00:22:58,919
This would make it
538
00:22:58,919 --> 00:23:01,039
possible to remove the rest of the plate. What is
539
00:23:01,039 --> 00:23:03,720
left is a perfect printing plate
540
00:23:03,720 --> 00:23:07,100
for a 10 pound note.
541
00:23:07,100 --> 00:23:09,900
Even with the best cameras, a good one cannot be achieved
542
00:23:09,900 --> 00:23:13,520
for a long time Photo taken
543
00:23:13,940 --> 00:23:16,559
under close inspection convincingly
544
00:23:16,559 --> 00:23:19,440
from long himself said that the copy
545
00:23:19,440 --> 00:23:21,360
of Britannia looks like an old witch
546
00:23:21,360 --> 00:23:23,659
547
00:23:24,500 --> 00:23:28,080
long ingenious plan is a flop he is
548
00:23:28,080 --> 00:23:29,940
forced to abandon science in favor of
549
00:23:29,940 --> 00:23:32,159
old-fashioned craftsmanship
550
00:23:32,159 --> 00:23:35,100
so he hires the experienced engraver
551
00:23:35,100 --> 00:23:37,740
Walter zeitrechnern even for him
552
00:23:37,740 --> 00:23:41,100
this is a difficult task the engraving
553
00:23:41,100 --> 00:23:42,960
has to capture all the little quirks
554
00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:45,299
those little intentional mistakes that
555
00:23:45,299 --> 00:23:48,480
set the original apart the Britannia
556
00:23:48,480 --> 00:23:50,100
is particularly tricky for the Nazi forgers
557
00:23:50,100 --> 00:23:52,740
it was incredibly difficult to
558
00:23:52,740 --> 00:23:55,799
get the eyes right
559
00:23:55,799 --> 00:23:58,260
you're right takes six attempts to
560
00:23:58,260 --> 00:24:00,620
make a perfect copy
561
00:24:00,620 --> 00:24:03,120
we don't know for sure if This
562
00:24:03,120 --> 00:24:05,159
is one of period law plates because a
563
00:24:05,159 --> 00:24:06,600
fake doesn't sign his work
564
00:24:06,600 --> 00:24:08,820
but since they wanted to hide the plate it
565
00:24:08,820 --> 00:24:10,860
must have been one of the better
566
00:24:10,860 --> 00:24:13,220
versions
567
00:24:13,220 --> 00:24:16,140
a perfect printing plate alone is
568
00:24:16,140 --> 00:24:18,299
not enough the Nazis also need the
569
00:24:18,299 --> 00:24:20,780
right paper it has to
570
00:24:20,780 --> 00:24:25,220
feel right
571
00:24:29,360 --> 00:24:32,159
that he the paper had them tested by blind people,
572
00:24:32,159 --> 00:24:34,320
they weren't distracted by the appearance
573
00:24:34,320 --> 00:24:36,480
and were able to concentrate entirely on the
574
00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:40,280
crackling sound when folding.
575
00:24:40,980 --> 00:24:44,220
Longer believes in a breakthrough. Now
576
00:24:44,220 --> 00:24:46,500
he just has to prove it to his backers.
577
00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:48,559
578
00:24:48,559 --> 00:24:51,000
Apparently the Germans sent an
579
00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:53,220
officer with a fake passport and
580
00:24:53,220 --> 00:24:54,960
a whole bunch of fakes
581
00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:58,280
over the Swiss border
582
00:24:58,280 --> 00:25:00,539
then they gave the Swiss authorities
583
00:25:00,539 --> 00:25:02,340
a tip that someone would
584
00:25:02,340 --> 00:25:03,840
enter Switzerland with false documents.
585
00:25:03,840 --> 00:25:06,840
They assumed and they
586
00:25:06,840 --> 00:25:08,640
were right that the Swiss
587
00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:10,679
588
00:25:10,679 --> 00:25:11,539
would check both the passport and the money,
589
00:25:11,539 --> 00:25:14,460
but they recognized the fake passport
590
00:25:14,460 --> 00:25:18,200
from theirs From a perspective, the money has taken a really
591
00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:24,000
long time. The Nazis can
592
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:25,679
now implement their plan
593
00:25:25,679 --> 00:25:28,260
to destroy the British economy, but
594
00:25:28,260 --> 00:25:30,440
shortly beforehand, Operation Andreas
595
00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:34,220
unexpectedly comes to an abrupt halt
596
00:25:34,220 --> 00:25:37,020
in order to drop money over Great Britain,
597
00:25:37,020 --> 00:25:38,820
they had to
598
00:25:38,820 --> 00:25:40,880
invade British airspace with planes
599
00:25:40,880 --> 00:25:43,440
after the battle For England, this was
600
00:25:43,440 --> 00:25:47,000
simply no longer possible for the Luftwaffe,
601
00:25:47,100 --> 00:25:49,200
for Operation Andreas everything goes
602
00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:51,779
wrong, this is also the end of the
603
00:25:51,779 --> 00:25:55,640
largest forgery operation in history.
604
00:25:58,580 --> 00:26:02,760
In July 1942, Heinrich Himmler, to whom
605
00:26:02,760 --> 00:26:04,919
all secret services are subordinate, fights to
606
00:26:04,919 --> 00:26:08,159
pay his foreign agents. He
607
00:26:08,159 --> 00:26:10,860
needs cash and lots of it but
608
00:26:10,860 --> 00:26:14,340
Germany doesn't have any left unless
609
00:26:14,340 --> 00:26:17,580
it is printed it doesn't care if the
610
00:26:17,580 --> 00:26:20,400
money is fake take the code name for
611
00:26:20,400 --> 00:26:22,559
the new plan is Operation Bernhard
612
00:26:22,559 --> 00:26:25,679
named after the person in charge it is
613
00:26:25,679 --> 00:26:28,799
Sturmbandführer Bernhard Krüger this
614
00:26:28,799 --> 00:26:30,840
more is a better choice than long
615
00:26:30,840 --> 00:26:32,760
as he is an experienced forger who
616
00:26:32,760 --> 00:26:35,779
falsified self-documents
617
00:26:35,779 --> 00:26:38,220
the fake printing plate and the
618
00:26:38,220 --> 00:26:40,200
other devices are gathering dust in a
619
00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:42,919
Berlin cellar
620
00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:45,600
Krüger brings everything to his new
621
00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:48,799
headquarters in Sachsenhausen a
622
00:26:48,799 --> 00:26:52,740
concentration camp north of Berlin
623
00:26:52,740 --> 00:26:55,200
one of the main problems with Andreas was
624
00:26:55,200 --> 00:26:56,940
that all possible information was leaked to the
625
00:26:56,940 --> 00:26:59,039
outside world that's why the new
626
00:26:59,039 --> 00:27:01,320
operation set up in a concentration camp because
627
00:27:01,320 --> 00:27:04,340
there they were able to keep the matter secret
628
00:27:04,340 --> 00:27:06,480
there is no risk of
629
00:27:06,480 --> 00:27:09,020
information leaking out
630
00:27:09,020 --> 00:27:11,640
Sachsenhausen is a labor camp a
631
00:27:11,640 --> 00:27:13,980
brutal concentration camp in which the
632
00:27:13,980 --> 00:27:15,779
inmates can be executed at any time and for no reason
633
00:27:15,779 --> 00:27:18,740
634
00:27:18,740 --> 00:27:21,240
but Krüger's company treats the
635
00:27:21,240 --> 00:27:23,039
predominantly Jewish prisoners somewhat
636
00:27:23,039 --> 00:27:23,960
Better
637
00:27:23,960 --> 00:27:26,640
he does everything to ensure that the workers on his
638
00:27:26,640 --> 00:27:29,400
project are happy to keep them happy,
639
00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:31,020
he distributes additional
640
00:27:31,020 --> 00:27:33,240
rations of cigarettes and even sets up
641
00:27:33,240 --> 00:27:36,260
table tennis tables.
642
00:27:36,440 --> 00:27:40,740
In 1943, Operation Bernhard is in
643
00:27:40,740 --> 00:27:43,380
full swing with the research plates,
644
00:27:43,380 --> 00:27:45,240
high-quality counterfeit money is
645
00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:48,179
printed on an industrial scale. Prisoners
646
00:27:48,179 --> 00:27:49,919
hand over the notes between each other
647
00:27:49,919 --> 00:27:53,100
so that they look used only the
648
00:27:53,100 --> 00:27:55,200
very best, almost flawless notes
649
00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:57,539
were good enough to pay German spies
650
00:27:57,539 --> 00:28:00,000
for their services. Take this.
651
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:01,980
Spies were never told that they were
652
00:28:01,980 --> 00:28:04,260
receiving counterfeit money,
653
00:28:04,260 --> 00:28:06,179
the less good quality was
654
00:28:06,179 --> 00:28:08,840
used for money laundering throughout Europe,
655
00:28:08,840 --> 00:28:10,919
inferior notes were not used
656
00:28:10,919 --> 00:28:12,200
657
00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:14,760
These notes were put into circulation and were kept in the so-called
658
00:28:14,760 --> 00:28:18,240
drop room.
659
00:28:18,240 --> 00:28:20,400
The idea that they might one day
660
00:28:20,400 --> 00:28:22,260
be dropped had not yet
661
00:28:22,260 --> 00:28:24,980
been given up,
662
00:28:26,039 --> 00:28:28,320
but there is no longer an opportunity for that.
663
00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:31,440
Germany is losing the war.
664
00:28:31,440 --> 00:28:34,279
Operation Bernhard has failed
665
00:28:34,279 --> 00:28:38,700
or not is the extent of
666
00:28:38,700 --> 00:28:40,620
what is happening Nazis had achieved was a
667
00:28:40,620 --> 00:28:42,659
real shock for the Allies the
668
00:28:42,659 --> 00:28:44,820
drop plan was canceled but the
669
00:28:44,820 --> 00:28:46,919
counterfeit money already in circulation was causing
670
00:28:46,919 --> 00:28:50,039
enormous damage it
671
00:28:50,039 --> 00:28:51,720
appears that the operation was surprisingly
672
00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:53,880
effective
673
00:28:53,880 --> 00:28:55,980
over 130
674
00:28:55,980 --> 00:28:58,980
million pounds worth of counterfeit banknotes were produced about 10% of the
675
00:28:58,980 --> 00:29:00,779
Given the fensterling banknotes on the market,
676
00:29:00,779 --> 00:29:03,320
677
00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:06,360
this system could have had a
678
00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:07,860
significant impact on the British economy. The
679
00:29:07,860 --> 00:29:10,940
680
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:15,120
only question left is why
681
00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:17,100
this plate ended up at the bottom of Lake Tablets.
682
00:29:17,100 --> 00:29:18,320
683
00:29:18,320 --> 00:29:20,880
As the war draws to an end,
684
00:29:20,880 --> 00:29:23,220
the Nazis try to eliminate the evidence of the
685
00:29:23,220 --> 00:29:25,919
counterfeiting program
686
00:29:25,919 --> 00:29:28,020
Jewish prisoners who ran the program are
687
00:29:28,020 --> 00:29:31,080
supposed to be murdered but an
688
00:29:31,080 --> 00:29:33,720
administrative error saves their lives. The
689
00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:35,640
banknotes and the devices are
690
00:29:35,640 --> 00:29:37,279
disposed of.
691
00:29:37,279 --> 00:29:40,380
Some were buried, others like the
692
00:29:40,380 --> 00:29:42,840
banknotes were burned and some
693
00:29:42,840 --> 00:29:44,760
like the printing plates were thrown into the
694
00:29:44,760 --> 00:29:47,039
türblitzsee.
695
00:29:47,039 --> 00:29:49,260
This is the only known
696
00:29:49,260 --> 00:29:51,299
printing plate that still exists the world's
697
00:29:51,299 --> 00:29:54,860
largest forgery operation
698
00:29:54,860 --> 00:29:57,539
while these plates were successfully
699
00:29:57,539 --> 00:29:59,279
used they could have been the
700
00:29:59,279 --> 00:30:01,200
most devastating weapons of the Second
701
00:30:01,200 --> 00:30:04,220
World War
702
00:30:10,500 --> 00:30:12,600
three
703
00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:16,020
mysterious cylinders are on display in the British Museum they are
704
00:30:16,020 --> 00:30:19,940
a puzzle that is thousands of years old,
705
00:30:21,200 --> 00:30:23,659
were discovered in the 19th century by
706
00:30:23,659 --> 00:30:27,000
archaeologists what they are still used for
707
00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:29,039
today
708
00:30:29,039 --> 00:30:30,960
with the help of modern ones With the help of technology,
709
00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:32,820
we
710
00:30:32,820 --> 00:30:36,000
now reveal the secret to these mysterious objects.
711
00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:40,140
They are called sparked drums,
712
00:30:40,140 --> 00:30:42,419
although they are called drums,
713
00:30:42,419 --> 00:30:45,000
they certainly weren't
714
00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:47,960
715
00:30:47,960 --> 00:30:52,460
716
00:30:52,620 --> 00:30:54,240
717
00:30:54,240 --> 00:30:57,980
718
00:30:57,980 --> 00:30:59,880
a
719
00:30:59,880 --> 00:31:02,110
human face
720
00:31:02,110 --> 00:31:04,380
[music]
721
00:31:04,380 --> 00:31:07,340
but that's not the strange thing about them
722
00:31:07,340 --> 00:31:09,899
these three objects are different
723
00:31:09,899 --> 00:31:11,960
sizes
724
00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:14,600
each one from the inside has
725
00:31:14,600 --> 00:31:16,500
0.84 times the diameter of the
726
00:31:16,500 --> 00:31:20,220
next larger drum small medium and
727
00:31:20,220 --> 00:31:21,260
large
728
00:31:21,260 --> 00:31:23,460
they were in a mathematical
729
00:31:23,460 --> 00:31:26,279
relationship to each other that's the case with
730
00:31:26,279 --> 00:31:28,440
Stone Age objects unknown
731
00:31:28,440 --> 00:31:30,720
but new research offers an
732
00:31:30,720 --> 00:31:33,539
explanation that links them to the
733
00:31:33,539 --> 00:31:36,000
largest monument of the entire Stone Age
734
00:31:36,000 --> 00:31:38,760
these objects
735
00:31:38,760 --> 00:31:40,380
could be related to Stonehenge
736
00:31:40,380 --> 00:31:42,360
737
00:31:42,360 --> 00:31:45,559
why this precise geometric sequence
738
00:31:45,559 --> 00:31:50,159
what do the bizarre markings mean
739
00:31:50,159 --> 00:31:52,620
these objects may reveal the secrets of
740
00:31:52,620 --> 00:31:55,100
stonehen
741
00:31:58,090 --> 00:32:00,380
[music]
742
00:32:00,380 --> 00:32:05,059
1889 followed in northern England an
743
00:32:05,059 --> 00:32:07,140
amateur archaeologist discovered
744
00:32:07,140 --> 00:32:11,960
something unexpected while excavating a burial mound.
745
00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:18,559
Grave of an approximately five-year-old child.
746
00:32:20,039 --> 00:32:22,140
The grave dates from the Neolithic period,
747
00:32:22,140 --> 00:32:26,059
an era that extends from around 4000 to
748
00:32:26,059 --> 00:32:28,620
2500 BC in the British
749
00:32:28,620 --> 00:32:31,640
Isles.
750
00:32:33,260 --> 00:32:35,340
Archaeologists have only found a handful of
751
00:32:35,340 --> 00:32:37,740
graves of this type At this
752
00:32:37,740 --> 00:32:39,419
time, mass graves are predominantly
753
00:32:39,419 --> 00:32:41,120
known.
754
00:32:41,120 --> 00:32:43,100
This burial was
755
00:32:43,100 --> 00:32:44,899
unusual.
756
00:32:44,899 --> 00:32:47,640
This child belonged to the elite and
757
00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:49,260
therefore received a special burial. There are
758
00:32:49,260 --> 00:32:51,260
759
00:32:51,260 --> 00:32:54,240
three strange artifacts next to the child's body.
760
00:32:54,240 --> 00:32:56,419
761
00:32:56,419 --> 00:32:58,860
They were deliberately placed behind the head
762
00:32:58,860 --> 00:33:01,919
and the hips.
763
00:33:01,919 --> 00:33:03,899
Apparently they have a special
764
00:33:03,899 --> 00:33:05,700
function
765
00:33:05,700 --> 00:33:07,020
[ Music]
766
00:33:07,020 --> 00:33:09,299
archaeologists have developed some interesting
767
00:33:09,299 --> 00:33:12,600
theories, one of which is
768
00:33:12,600 --> 00:33:14,039
that they were memory aids;
769
00:33:14,039 --> 00:33:15,620
770
00:33:15,620 --> 00:33:18,059
the objects were intended to help the person
771
00:33:18,059 --> 00:33:19,679
772
00:33:19,679 --> 00:33:21,980
tell a story to a group of people;
773
00:33:21,980 --> 00:33:25,019
the lines were sized and shaped in such a way
774
00:33:25,019 --> 00:33:27,000
that one could trace them with a finger
775
00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:29,760
one
776
00:33:29,760 --> 00:33:30,779
777
00:33:30,779 --> 00:33:35,039
remembers the next part of the story another theory is that
778
00:33:35,039 --> 00:33:37,039
they are talismans
779
00:33:37,039 --> 00:33:39,480
there are carefully engraved
780
00:33:39,480 --> 00:33:41,580
decorations that look like human eyes
781
00:33:41,580 --> 00:33:43,159
782
00:33:43,159 --> 00:33:46,019
that could indicate that they are
783
00:33:46,019 --> 00:33:48,240
guardians that they are somehow
784
00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:50,659
monitoring the sleep of this child in the grave
785
00:33:50,659 --> 00:33:54,799
they could be objects of protection
786
00:33:57,539 --> 00:33:59,840
this theory fits the site
787
00:33:59,840 --> 00:34:03,320
but it doesn't explain the big mystery
788
00:34:03,320 --> 00:34:06,419
the exact geometric sequence of
789
00:34:06,419 --> 00:34:08,779
shapes
790
00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:13,280
it's not clear what's behind it
791
00:34:13,440 --> 00:34:15,418
the answer could be found by researchers in one of the
792
00:34:15,418 --> 00:34:17,399
most mysterious moments of the
793
00:34:17,399 --> 00:34:19,859
Neolithic Age
794
00:34:19,859 --> 00:34:21,260
Stonehenge
795
00:34:21,260 --> 00:34:24,939
[music]
796
00:34:27,080 --> 00:34:30,679
the drums are dated to around 3000 to
797
00:34:30,679 --> 00:34:34,020
2500 BC dated at this time
798
00:34:34,020 --> 00:34:37,580
Stonehenge was also built
799
00:34:37,820 --> 00:34:40,199
the stones form a series of
800
00:34:40,199 --> 00:34:42,780
symmetrical circles around a central
801
00:34:42,780 --> 00:34:43,940
point
802
00:34:43,940 --> 00:34:47,760
52 of the 80 massive stones are still standing today
803
00:34:47,760 --> 00:34:51,780
the largest weighs around 30 tons and
804
00:34:51,780 --> 00:34:55,339
the highest dung around seven meters a
805
00:34:55,339 --> 00:34:59,160
masterpiece what is so special about
806
00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:02,240
the stone circle Stonehenge
807
00:35:02,240 --> 00:35:04,500
fact that there are many more in Europe
808
00:35:04,500 --> 00:35:07,040
809
00:35:07,280 --> 00:35:10,079
it is the only one found so far that
810
00:35:10,079 --> 00:35:12,119
811
00:35:12,119 --> 00:35:14,780
uses a very sophisticated tenon and lintel construction
812
00:35:14,780 --> 00:35:17,460
these lintels over the standing stones
813
00:35:17,460 --> 00:35:19,560
are put together the way a
814
00:35:19,560 --> 00:35:21,480
carpenter would build a wooden structure
815
00:35:21,480 --> 00:35:23,780
816
00:35:24,480 --> 00:35:26,760
the size and precision of stonehen
817
00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:28,680
suggest that it had an important
818
00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:31,740
function it was a pagan
819
00:35:31,740 --> 00:35:34,380
temple a ceremonial burial site
820
00:35:34,380 --> 00:35:37,579
a solar calendar for astronomers
821
00:35:37,579 --> 00:35:39,540
researchers are still looking for
822
00:35:39,540 --> 00:35:40,640
answers
823
00:35:40,640 --> 00:35:43,920
in the early 2000s
824
00:35:43,920 --> 00:35:46,619
archaeologists andrew chamberly and mike
825
00:35:46,619 --> 00:35:49,020
parker pierce take a closer look at the floor plan
826
00:35:49,020 --> 00:35:49,760
827
00:35:49,760 --> 00:35:52,560
they measured the circles of Stonehenge
828
00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:53,820
and discovered something very
829
00:35:53,820 --> 00:35:55,400
extraordinary.
830
00:35:55,400 --> 00:35:58,440
Each of them was a multiple of a
831
00:35:58,440 --> 00:36:00,320
length of the equivalent of
832
00:36:00,320 --> 00:36:03,480
32.19 cm, which corresponded to a
833
00:36:03,480 --> 00:36:06,480
unit of measurement.
834
00:36:08,060 --> 00:36:10,440
This unit of measurement does not only come into the
835
00:36:10,440 --> 00:36:13,079
Stone in the three kilometers away there is
836
00:36:13,079 --> 00:36:14,700
a site
837
00:36:14,700 --> 00:36:17,000
known as the Stirlington Walls.
838
00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:19,560
Terenten Walls itself could may
839
00:36:19,560 --> 00:36:21,480
have been a settlement in which the
840
00:36:21,480 --> 00:36:23,040
people who
841
00:36:23,040 --> 00:36:25,440
built Stonehenge lived. There was a
842
00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:27,000
hensch monument between them that had disappeared.
843
00:36:27,000 --> 00:36:28,440
It was probably made of wood
844
00:36:28,440 --> 00:36:30,020
[Music]
845
00:36:30,020 --> 00:36:32,760
on the site of Darrington Malls
846
00:36:32,760 --> 00:36:34,500
there are circular shapes that
847
00:36:34,500 --> 00:36:36,599
also have this relationship to the long
848
00:36:36,599 --> 00:36:39,500
foot.
849
00:36:40,760 --> 00:36:43,079
Researchers are discovering more and more structures
850
00:36:43,079 --> 00:36:45,180
which are apparently built to the same measurement
851
00:36:45,180 --> 00:36:46,579
852
00:36:46,579 --> 00:36:49,800
the ring of Brodka on the
853
00:36:49,800 --> 00:36:52,500
Ordne Islands 800km away and the large
854
00:36:52,500 --> 00:36:55,440
circle of New Grange over 500km
855
00:36:55,440 --> 00:36:57,540
away on the other side of the
856
00:36:57,540 --> 00:37:00,359
Irish Sea all seem to use the long
857
00:37:00,359 --> 00:37:04,040
foot as a measurement
858
00:37:04,520 --> 00:37:06,839
the fascinating thing about it is that
859
00:37:06,839 --> 00:37:08,280
Possibility that it is a
860
00:37:08,280 --> 00:37:10,500
standard measure that was used not only
861
00:37:10,500 --> 00:37:12,180
around Stonehenge but
862
00:37:12,180 --> 00:37:14,640
possibly throughout the entire country in the
863
00:37:14,640 --> 00:37:17,839
Neolithic period,
864
00:37:19,020 --> 00:37:21,240
as if someone sent a message
865
00:37:21,240 --> 00:37:23,280
to everyone in Britain to
866
00:37:23,280 --> 00:37:25,380
867
00:37:25,380 --> 00:37:29,700
agree on the same system almost 5,000 years ago
868
00:37:29,700 --> 00:37:31,859
3000 years before there was even writing there,
869
00:37:31,859 --> 00:37:34,520
870
00:37:34,520 --> 00:37:37,020
we used to think that people in
871
00:37:37,020 --> 00:37:39,560
Europe lived in small
872
00:37:39,560 --> 00:37:41,880
farming communities in relative isolation in the Neolithic Age,
873
00:37:41,880 --> 00:37:43,619
874
00:37:43,619 --> 00:37:45,839
if there was a standard measurement back then,
875
00:37:45,839 --> 00:37:48,599
the question arises as to
876
00:37:48,599 --> 00:37:50,579
how they shared this information
877
00:37:50,579 --> 00:37:52,880
with each other.
878
00:37:54,060 --> 00:37:56,400
A team of researchers now believes they have solved the mystery
879
00:37:56,400 --> 00:37:58,560
880
00:37:58,560 --> 00:38:00,599
could the following drums
881
00:38:00,599 --> 00:38:03,119
be measuring devices for the construction of monuments
882
00:38:03,119 --> 00:38:06,540
such as Stonehenge
883
00:38:11,339 --> 00:38:13,980
the following drums have an exact
884
00:38:13,980 --> 00:38:16,740
mathematical relationship to each other the
885
00:38:16,740 --> 00:38:18,839
largest drum has a diameter of
886
00:38:18,839 --> 00:38:23,760
14.6 cm the next 12.7 and the
887
00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:28,320
smallest 10.2 each drum is 0.84 times the
888
00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:30,320
size of the next larger drum,
889
00:38:30,320 --> 00:38:34,760
this could just be a coincidence.
890
00:38:34,760 --> 00:38:38,460
In 2016, a researcher at
891
00:38:38,460 --> 00:38:40,500
the University of Manchester discovered something very
892
00:38:40,500 --> 00:38:43,400
interesting.
893
00:38:43,880 --> 00:38:45,900
She examined the smallest drum and
894
00:38:45,900 --> 00:38:48,260
found that its circumference was
895
00:38:48,260 --> 00:38:52,260
32.19 cm, the
896
00:38:52,260 --> 00:38:55,800
same as the long foot She takes a
897
00:38:55,800 --> 00:38:58,880
cord that is ten times as long.
898
00:38:58,880 --> 00:39:01,920
She wraps it around the smallest of these
899
00:39:01,920 --> 00:39:05,599
drums. She fits exactly ten times around.
900
00:39:05,599 --> 00:39:08,160
She repeats the test with the
901
00:39:08,160 --> 00:39:10,740
other two drums. On the larger ones,
902
00:39:10,740 --> 00:39:13,920
the cord fits around 8 or 7 times.
903
00:39:13,920 --> 00:39:15,960
This suggests an amazing possibility
904
00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:17,480
905
00:39:17,480 --> 00:39:20,640
The theory goes that these drums are
906
00:39:20,640 --> 00:39:22,500
portable devices for wrapping
907
00:39:22,500 --> 00:39:25,260
cords so you could make standard measurements
908
00:39:25,260 --> 00:39:27,180
that are needed to build monuments. So they could be
909
00:39:27,180 --> 00:39:29,900
910
00:39:31,859 --> 00:39:35,040
911
00:39:35,040 --> 00:39:38,220
tape measures that are 5000 years old, but if there is only
912
00:39:38,220 --> 00:39:40,859
one find it could also be a coincidence,
913
00:39:40,859 --> 00:39:43,680
but it is no
914
00:39:43,680 --> 00:39:47,119
longer a single find In
915
00:39:47,119 --> 00:39:50,400
1993, archaeologists in West
916
00:39:50,400 --> 00:39:53,040
Sussex, 80 km from Stonehenge, discovered
917
00:39:53,040 --> 00:39:55,339
another drum,
918
00:39:55,339 --> 00:39:58,200
but this time without decorations, almost
919
00:39:58,200 --> 00:40:00,200
as if it was unfinished.
920
00:40:00,200 --> 00:40:03,240
When Dr Tever wrapped the new drum with the
921
00:40:03,240 --> 00:40:05,880
ten-foot-long cord, it fits
922
00:40:05,880 --> 00:40:08,940
exactly 9 times around
923
00:40:08,940 --> 00:40:11,099
the idea that this one strange
924
00:40:11,099 --> 00:40:13,740
artifacts tools used by the architects of
925
00:40:13,740 --> 00:40:17,660
Stonehenge are tempting
926
00:40:18,359 --> 00:40:21,119
but there is a catch the drums
927
00:40:21,119 --> 00:40:22,440
are made of limestone
928
00:40:22,440 --> 00:40:23,540
[music]
929
00:40:23,540 --> 00:40:26,099
limestone is problematic it is soft
930
00:40:26,099 --> 00:40:28,940
and wears out quickly
931
00:40:28,940 --> 00:40:31,339
if these objects were part of a
932
00:40:31,339 --> 00:40:33,599
Neolithic tool set
933
00:40:33,599 --> 00:40:37,820
you would see signs of wear
934
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:40,500
but up close viewed there are
935
00:40:40,500 --> 00:40:42,660
again cord marks still signs of
936
00:40:42,660 --> 00:40:44,520
damage from regular
937
00:40:44,520 --> 00:40:47,280
use as a tool strangely
938
00:40:47,280 --> 00:40:48,780
not all
939
00:40:48,780 --> 00:40:51,440
objects were made for use at that time
940
00:40:51,440 --> 00:40:53,420
we speak of
941
00:40:53,420 --> 00:40:56,280
skojomorphism which refers to objects
942
00:40:56,280 --> 00:40:59,040
that imitate the original without taking over the
943
00:40:59,040 --> 00:41:01,680
function they can from
944
00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:02,820
a completely different material
945
00:41:02,820 --> 00:41:04,320
A good example
946
00:41:04,320 --> 00:41:07,140
of this would be a chalk ax which
947
00:41:07,140 --> 00:41:09,060
looks like an ax but would break
948
00:41:09,060 --> 00:41:11,700
if you used it and in fact
949
00:41:11,700 --> 00:41:14,180
we found one such chalk ax
950
00:41:14,180 --> 00:41:18,140
near England that
951
00:41:21,980 --> 00:41:25,520
was made of wood
952
00:41:25,920 --> 00:41:28,800
but why were copies made of limestone
953
00:41:28,800 --> 00:41:30,079
954
00:41:30,079 --> 00:41:32,700
they were probably for ritual purposes
955
00:41:32,700 --> 00:41:35,280
It appears that the
956
00:41:35,280 --> 00:41:37,619
long foot measure had both an
957
00:41:37,619 --> 00:41:40,140
important symbolic and
958
00:41:40,140 --> 00:41:42,839
practical use back then. We
959
00:41:42,839 --> 00:41:44,400
may consider these two areas of
960
00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:46,619
functional and spiritual to be
961
00:41:46,619 --> 00:41:48,180
different phenomena today
962
00:41:48,180 --> 00:41:49,520
963
00:41:49,520 --> 00:41:51,960
but for the people of the past
964
00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:55,500
this was not the case
965
00:41:55,500 --> 00:41:57,839
which explains why this Standard measurement appears at
966
00:41:57,839 --> 00:41:59,940
a ritual site like Stonehenge
967
00:41:59,940 --> 00:42:02,280
and also why the drums were
968
00:42:02,280 --> 00:42:05,820
used as grave goods but if there is
969
00:42:05,820 --> 00:42:07,740
a connection then how come
970
00:42:07,740 --> 00:42:10,200
the artifacts were found far from the
971
00:42:10,200 --> 00:42:12,839
structures
972
00:42:12,839 --> 00:42:15,359
new findings in durington walls
973
00:42:15,359 --> 00:42:16,990
may provide the answer
974
00:42:16,990 --> 00:42:18,380
[music]
975
00:42:18,380 --> 00:42:21,359
analyzed 38,000 Teeth and bones
976
00:42:21,359 --> 00:42:23,339
of animals that had been
977
00:42:23,339 --> 00:42:25,320
slaughtered and eaten on the Rington Waltz site.
978
00:42:25,320 --> 00:42:28,140
They were amazed that
979
00:42:28,140 --> 00:42:30,660
many came from far away, for example from
980
00:42:30,660 --> 00:42:33,480
the north of Scotland, which is 800
981
00:42:33,480 --> 00:42:34,460
kilometers away.
982
00:42:34,460 --> 00:42:36,839
The archaeologists had to rethink the idea
983
00:42:36,839 --> 00:42:38,760
that people
984
00:42:38,760 --> 00:42:42,119
lived in isolation from each other back then
985
00:42:42,119 --> 00:42:44,400
a multitude of contacts not only
986
00:42:44,400 --> 00:42:46,020
with neighbors but also with
987
00:42:46,020 --> 00:42:47,520
communities that spanned the
988
00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:49,380
British Isles and possibly
989
00:42:49,380 --> 00:42:53,420
even the continent
990
00:42:55,160 --> 00:42:57,960
the idea that knowledge
991
00:42:57,960 --> 00:43:00,020
could have traveled hundreds of miles
992
00:43:00,020 --> 00:43:03,619
no longer seems so far-fetched
993
00:43:03,619 --> 00:43:05,700
people traveled over long
994
00:43:05,700 --> 00:43:07,500
distances and When people
995
00:43:07,500 --> 00:43:09,599
get together they exchange ideas
996
00:43:09,599 --> 00:43:12,540
and talk they talk about religion they
997
00:43:12,540 --> 00:43:14,819
talk about what moves them that's
998
00:43:14,819 --> 00:43:16,319
what people do always and everywhere
999
00:43:16,319 --> 00:43:18,500
1000
00:43:18,500 --> 00:43:21,359
For 150 years the Vogt drums were
1001
00:43:21,359 --> 00:43:24,900
beautiful mysterious objects in the museum now
1002
00:43:24,900 --> 00:43:27,180
show us how important it always is
1003
00:43:27,180 --> 00:43:29,880
to continue research and reconsider our views
1004
00:43:29,880 --> 00:43:32,460
on the lives of our ancestors
1005
00:43:32,460 --> 00:43:35,000
65234
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