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ALL RIGHT, THIS MEETING OF THE
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NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE IS
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NOW BEING CALLED TO ORDER AND
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BEING BROADCAST LIVE AND WILL BE
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RECORDED FOR ON DEMAND VIEWING.
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I'D LIKE TO WELCOME THE
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COMMITTEE AND THANK THEM FOR
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THEIR HARD WORK AND PARTICULARLY
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FOR THOSE DOING REVIEW IT'S NOT
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EASY TO DO WHEN IT'S NOT YOUR
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AREA.
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I'M APPRECIATIVE WORK.
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BEFORE WE BEGIN, A FEW
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HOUSEKEEPING ANNOUNCEMENTS.
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THE FIRST IS TO USE THE RAISE
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HAND FEATURE IN THE ZOOM TO BE
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RECOGNIZED BY THE CHAIR.
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IF YOU HAVE ISSUES I'LL ALSO BE
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MONITORING THE CHAT STREAM AS
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WELL AND I WILL CALL ON PEOPLE
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WITH RAISED HANDS IN THE ORDER I
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SEE THEM RAISED.
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AND IF YOU NEED ASSISTANCE
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OPERATIONS WILL BE MONITORING
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THE CHAT WINDOW THROUGHOUT THE
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AND ABLE TO PROVIDE TECHNICAL
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ASSISTANCE AS NEEDED AND REACH
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THEM BY E-MAIL AS WELL AND I'LL
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PASTE THAT INTO THE CHAT WINDOW.
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IN TERMS OF MICS AND CAMERAS
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BECAUSE IT CAN BE A LARGE
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AUDIENCE AND WE ARE DISTRIBUTED,
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BE MINDFUL OF YOUR CAMERA AND
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MICROPHONE AND BE SURE TO MUTE
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YOURSELF WHEN NOT PARTICIPATING
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OR PRESENTING AND MEDIA
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OPERATIONS WILL ALSO HELP BY
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SWITCHING OFF CAMERAS AND MICS
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TO MAINTAIN AUDIO IN CASE
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THERE'S BANDWIDTH DROP OUTS AND
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KEEP THE MEETING FROM BEING
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DISTRACTED.
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THERE WILL BE CLOSED SESSIONS
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WHERE WE WILL BE DISCUSSING
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INTERNALLY AS A BOARD OF
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SCIENTIFIC COUNSELORS TO PEOPLE
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MAKING THE PRESENTATIONS.
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SO FLORIDA -- IF THERE ARE NO
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QUESTIONS WE CAN GO AHEAD AND
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GET STARTED I'LL GIVE A MOMENT
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FOR QUESTIONS IN THE CHAT AND SO
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FAR I DON'T SEE ANY.
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ALL RIGHT.
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>> ARE YOU READY FOR ME TO TAKE
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OVER.
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>> I SHOULD SAID PATTI I'M READY
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FOR YOU.
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>> THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE AND
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PARTICULARLY TO THE BOARD OF
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SCIENTIFIC COUNSELORS.
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YOUR WORK IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO
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US AND I REALLY APPRECIATE THE
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EFFORT THAT GOES INTO THIS AS
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WE'RE PROGRESSING IN OUR
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DEVELOPMENT OF UNIFIED
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SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM WITHIN THE
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INTRAMURAL RESEARCH PROGRAM THE
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GUIDANCE FROM THE BOARD OF
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SCIENTIFIC COUNSELORS GIVES
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PARTICULAR ASSISTANCE TO OUR NIH
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PROGRAM LEADERSHIP SO YOUR
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EFFORTS ARE APPRECIATED.
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I WELCOME YOU TO TO WHAT WILL
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LOOK LIKE A BUILDING FULL OF
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PEOPLE AN FEW WEEKS BUT STILL IS
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NOT A BUILDING FULL OF PEOPLE.
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WE'RE IN THE PROCESS OF
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RETURNING TO THE PHYSICAL WORK
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SPACE AT THE NIH.
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THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
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IS BEING RENOVATED WITH NEW HVAC
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AND RE-PURPOSING SPACES AND I'LL
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GIVE PICTURES HOW THAT'S COMING
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ALONG.
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MOST THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF
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MEDICINE STAFF ON CAMPUS IS
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EITHER IN BUILDING 38 OR NASSER
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BUILDING BUT NIH HAS BENEFITTED
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DURING THIS CONSTRUCTION PHASE
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BECAUSE WE'VE HAD SOMEWHAT SOME
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UNANTICIPATED LESS DISRUPTION.
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WHEN WE RETURN THE NIH
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ANTICIPATE MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITIES
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FOR OUR STAFF AND OUR TEAM HAS
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EVALUATED EVERY ONE OF OUR
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POSITIONS AT THE NATIONAL
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LIBRARY OF MEDICINE TO DETERMINE
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WHICH POSITIONS ARE MISSION
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CRITICAL AND HAVE FLEXIBILITY IN
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THE WORK PROCESSES.
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WE IDENTIFIED THE MAXIMUM FLEX
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FLEXIBILITIES AND WE'LL BE
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GIVING GUIDANCE TO SUPERVISORS
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TO WORK WITH INDIVIDUALS ON HOW
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MUCH FLEXIBILITIES THEY CAN
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EXPECT OR WOULD LIKE TO HAVE.
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NO ONE WILL BE REQUIRED TO TAKE
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ANY WORKPLACE FLEXIBILITY WHICH
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MEANS WE'LL BE CONTINUING TO
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PROVIDE WORKPLACE SUPPORT FOR
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STAFF AS NEEDED AND FOR STAFF
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WHOSE WORK IS MISSION CRITICAL.
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WE ANTICIPATE MANY WILL CHOOSE
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MORE FLEX ABLE WORK SCHEDULES
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INCLUDING TELEWORK MEANING A
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STAFF MEMBER COMES ON CAMPUS
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ABOUT ONCE A WEEK WHAT WE REFER
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TO AS LOCAL REMOTE ALLOWING
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PEOPLE TO LIVE IN THE AREA BUT
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ONLY COME IN THE CAMPUS HALF A
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DAY OR SO EVERY WEEK AND THEN
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FULLY REMOTE WHICH ARE
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INDIVIDUALS THAT CAN LIVE
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ANYWHERE IN THE COUNTRY.
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THIS IS OPENING A GREAT
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OPPORTUNITY TO ENGAGE STAFF FROM
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AROUND THE COUNTRY AND HIRE A
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NEW AND DIVERSE WORKFORCE AND
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HAVE FLEXIBILITIES TO ALIGN WITH
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FAMILY SITUATIONS OR PERSONAL
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LIVES.
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I HAVE 10 SLIDES TO PRESENT AND
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LEAVE TIME FOR QUESTIONS AND
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CONVERSATION.
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I WANT TO BEGIN BY TELLING --
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REMINDING YOU THE NATIONAL
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LIBRARY OF MEDICINE HAS A BROAD
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AND STRONG COMMITMENT TO BASIC
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OPERATIONS BUT ALSO GUIDED BY A
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STRATEGIC PLAN DEVELOPED IN 2017
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TO ACCELERATE DISCOVERY IN
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DATA-POWERED HEALTH.
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THE FIRST PILLAR, ACCELERATED
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DISCOVERY THROUGH DATA-DRIVEN
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RESEARCH IS MUCH OF THE FOCUS OF
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THE PROGRAM AND WE'VE HAD MANY
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OPPORTUNITIES TO MOVE IN THIS
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AREA.
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I'LL BE TELLING YOU SOME IN THE
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NEXT FEW MINUTES.
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I DON'T WANT TO OVERLOOK
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REACHING MORE PEOPLE AND ENHANCE
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DISSEMINATION AND ENGAGEMENT AND
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BUILD WORKFORCE FOR DATA DRIVEN
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RESEARCH AND HEALTH.
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ONE THING YOU'LL HEAR ABOUT IS
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NEW INITIATIVES IN BRINGING A
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NEW DIVERSE WORKFORCE IN THE
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PROGRAM AND WE'RE USING THE
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TALENTS OF OUR RESEARCHERS,
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PARTICULARLY DR. LU AND SOME
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COLLEAGUES TO LOOK AT NEW WAYS
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TO PRESENT THE RESOURCES THE
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NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE HAS
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TO REACH THE PUBLIC.
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PRIMARILY, WE'RE FOCUSSING IN
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THE CONVERSATION AROUND
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ACCELERATED DISCOVERY AND HEALTH
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THROUGH DATA-DRIVEN RESEARCH.
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WE HAVE WANTED TO HELP THE
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PUBLIC BE FAMILIAR WITH THE
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PROGRAM AND WE HAVE VIDEO
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VIGNETTES TO BRING THE
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OUTSTANDING WORK OF RESEARCHERS.
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I'D LIKE TO YOU WATCH ONE OF
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THESE VIDEOS NOW TO SEE THE
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WORK.
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IF WE CAN HAVE THE VIDEO,
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PLEASE.
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[*]
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>> EARLY IN MY LIFE I WANTED TO
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BE A PALEONTOLOGY PROFESSIONAL.
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I WANTED TO INFORMATION THE
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PROTEIN UNIVERSE.
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THEY CAN BE DIVIDED INTO
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EVOLUTIONARY UNITS PRESERVED
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OVER EVOLUTION BECAUSE NATURAL
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SELECTION IS MAINTAINING THAT
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PART FOR SOME REASON.
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AND ONE REALIZATION WHICH DAWN
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ON US AROUND THE EARLY '90s AND
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IT WAS PROFOUND IS THERE'S A
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RELATIVELY SMALL NUMBER OF THESE
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EVOLUTIONARY UNITS OF PROTEINS
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WHICH WE TERM DOMAINS WHICH
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CONSTITUTES THE ENTIRE PROTEIN
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UNIVERSE OF ALL ORGANISMS ACROSS
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THE TREE OF LIFE.
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IF WE CAN UNDERSTAND THE
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FUNCTIONS OF THE UNITS IT GOES A
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LONG WAY TO UNDERSTANDING WHEN
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ORGANISMS DO.
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AND GIVEN THERE'S MANY GAPS IN
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OUR UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT
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ORGANISMS DO, ONE WAY TO GET AT
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IT IS TO FIRST FIND ALL THE
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DOMAINS.
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THE SECOND ASPECT IS PREDICTING
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FUNCTIONS FOR THEM.
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THE FIRST PHASE OF MY RESEARCH
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WE CAPTURED MOST OF THE
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LOW-HANGING FRUIT WHICH WERE THE
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BIG FAMILIES CONSERVED ACROSS
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ALL ORGANISM.
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NOW WE'RE MOVING ON TO THE MORE
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DIFFICULT TERRAIN.
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THE DIFFICULT TERRAIN ALSO HOLDS
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A LOT OF PROMISE BECAUSE MANY
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UNUNDERSTOOD FUNCTIONS ARE
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HIDING WITHIN THAT TERRAIN AND
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GIVES THE OFF-SHOOTS IN THE FORM
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OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL REAGENTS AND
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ENZYMES AND THE CRISPR SYSTEMS
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AND MODIFICATIONS SYSTEMS.
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THEY'VE ALL BECOME POPULAR
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RE-AGENTS.
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WE HAVE PROTEIN SEQUENCES AND
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STRUCTURES AND INFERRING THIS
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INFORMATION AND IT'S BEEN A LONG
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STANDING INTEREST OF MINE SO
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IT'S BEEN THE PLACE TO BE.
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>> I SEE I'M GOING HAVE TO SET
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UP A VIEWING PARTY FOR ALL OF
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YOU.
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WE HAVE A WONDERFUL SET OF VIDEO
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VIDEOS AND IT'S NICE TO SEE.
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THEY'RE ABOUT A MINUTE OR TWO
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LONG AND ONE OF OUR OFFICE OF
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COMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC LIAISON
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TEAM HAS WORKED WELL WITH
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PULLING THE STORIES OUT OF THESE
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FAIRLY COMPLICATED SCIENTIFIC
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PATHWAYS AND CAPTURING THE
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EXCITEMENT OF WHY THESE
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INVESTIGATORS ARE SUCH GREAT
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ASSET TO THE NIH AND NLM AND
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SOCIETY AS A WHOLE.
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I'LL MAKE SURE TO PUT THE
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YOUTUBE LINK IN THE AND IT'S
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GREAT TO SEE AND PEOPLE YOU'VE
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KNOWN FOR A WHILE YOU SEE IN A
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WHOLE NEW WAY.
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LET ME TAKE YOU ON TO SOMETHING
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QUITE IMPORTANT IN LOOKING AT
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THE FUTURE OF THE NATIONAL
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LIBRARY OF MEDICINE AND THE NIH
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OVERALL.
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THAT'S THE NLM'S RACIAL AND
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ETHNIC EQUITY PLAN OR THE REAP.
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IT REFLECTS AN ACTIVITY DIRECT
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THE UNITE PROGRAM AND UNITE IS
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THE NIH'S PROGRAM TO ADDRESS
263
00:11:12,920 --> 00:11:17,520
STRUCTURAL RACISM AND EQUITY.
264
00:11:17,520 --> 00:11:20,680
THE REEP EACH INSTITUTE AND
265
00:11:20,680 --> 00:11:22,640
CENTER WAS CHALLENGED TO CREATE
266
00:11:22,640 --> 00:11:25,640
AN EQUITY PLAN TO EVALUATE THEIR
267
00:11:25,640 --> 00:11:26,240
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES TO
268
00:11:26,240 --> 00:11:27,840
EXAMINE OUR STRUCTURES AND TO
269
00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:30,320
MAKE CHANGES IN A WAY THAT WOULD
270
00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:33,400
PROMOTE, EQUITY, DIVERSITY AND
271
00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:35,120
INCLUSION THROUGHOUT THE
272
00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:35,400
WORKFORCE.
273
00:11:35,400 --> 00:11:38,520
THE REEP GOALS ARE TO APPLY THE
274
00:11:38,520 --> 00:11:40,600
RACIAL AND ETHNIC EQUITY LENS TO
275
00:11:40,600 --> 00:11:43,000
LOOK AT OUR INSTITUTES,
276
00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:44,280
WORKFORCE, STRUCTURES AND
277
00:11:44,280 --> 00:11:47,480
SYSTEMS TO IDENTIFY AND
278
00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:50,840
DISMANTLE ANY ETHNIC DISPARITIES
279
00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:52,120
IN THE WORKFORCE AND ENHANCE THE
280
00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:53,960
WORKFORCE WITHIN THE INSTITUTE.
281
00:11:53,960 --> 00:11:55,200
WHAT'S IMPORTANT TO THE NLM
282
00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:57,520
THAT'S UNLIKE ACROSS THE CAMPUS
283
00:11:57,520 --> 00:12:00,360
IS ALMOST 60% OF OUR WORKFORCE
284
00:12:00,360 --> 00:12:04,600
ARE WORKERS WE REFER TO AS
285
00:12:04,600 --> 00:12:05,320
CONTRACTORS, INDIVIDUALS WHOSE
286
00:12:05,320 --> 00:12:06,040
EMPLOYMENT IS THROUGH ANOTHER
287
00:12:06,040 --> 00:12:07,640
AGENCY AND COME TO US BECAUSE
288
00:12:07,640 --> 00:12:09,880
THEY BRING SPECIALIZED TALENT OR
289
00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:10,320
SPECIALIZED SERVICE.
290
00:12:10,320 --> 00:12:13,120
WE'RE VERY FORTUNATE TO HAVE
291
00:12:13,120 --> 00:12:14,560
ACCESS TO AN INCREDIBLE
292
00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:16,280
TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC
293
00:12:16,280 --> 00:12:17,360
WORKFORCE THAT COMES THROUGH
294
00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:18,920
CONTRACTING SERVICES.
295
00:12:18,920 --> 00:12:21,080
AT THE SAME TIME WE DO
296
00:12:21,080 --> 00:12:23,440
UNDERSTAND WHILE THEY ARE OUR
297
00:12:23,440 --> 00:12:24,680
COLLEAGUES, WE ARE NOT THEIR
298
00:12:24,680 --> 00:12:24,920
EMPLOYERS.
299
00:12:24,920 --> 00:12:28,080
AS THE NLM LOOKS AT THE REEP
300
00:12:28,080 --> 00:12:30,520
PLAN, THE RACIAL AND ETHNIC
301
00:12:30,520 --> 00:12:34,240
EQUITY PLAN, WE'RE COMMITTED TO
302
00:12:34,240 --> 00:12:35,320
ENSURING INFORMATION OF OUR
303
00:12:35,320 --> 00:12:38,560
CONTRACT AND TRAINING WORKFORCE
304
00:12:38,560 --> 00:12:39,840
AND OUR NIH STAFFING WORKFORCE.
305
00:12:39,840 --> 00:12:41,720
THIS HAS FRANKLY CHALLENGED THE
306
00:12:41,720 --> 00:12:44,280
NIH TO THINK IN NEW WAYS TO MAKE
307
00:12:44,280 --> 00:12:46,080
SURE WE WRITE OUR CONTRACTS WITH
308
00:12:46,080 --> 00:12:47,120
THE CONTRACTING COMPANIES IN A
309
00:12:47,120 --> 00:12:51,560
WAY THAT ALLOWS THEIR STAFF TO
310
00:12:51,560 --> 00:12:54,320
PARTICIPATE IN INNOVATION AND
311
00:12:54,320 --> 00:12:56,000
EXPLORATION ABOUT THE EXPERIENCE
312
00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:59,240
OF ACCEPTABILITY OR
313
00:12:59,240 --> 00:13:01,040
UNACCEPTABILITY OF WORKFORCE
314
00:13:01,040 --> 00:13:01,320
BEHAVIOR.
315
00:13:01,320 --> 00:13:02,000
WE'LL BE CONTINUING TO DO THIS
316
00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:03,240
THROUGH THE NEXT COUPLE YEARS.
317
00:13:03,240 --> 00:13:05,240
IT'S A DEEP COMMITMENT NOT JUST
318
00:13:05,240 --> 00:13:06,640
FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF
319
00:13:06,640 --> 00:13:09,440
HEALTH BUT ME AND MY LEADERSHIP
320
00:13:09,440 --> 00:13:10,320
TEAM.
321
00:13:10,320 --> 00:13:12,240
WE HAVE SOMETHING CALLED THE NLM
322
00:13:12,240 --> 00:13:18,040
IDEA COUNSEL, INCLUSIVE, EQUITY,
323
00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:19,720
DIVERSITY AND THE NAMES ARE IN
324
00:13:19,720 --> 00:13:21,720
FRONT OF YOU AND DR. LANDSMAN
325
00:13:21,720 --> 00:13:23,720
HAS BEEN A KEY ORGANIZER FROM
326
00:13:23,720 --> 00:13:25,760
THE BEGINNING IN THIS EFFORT AND
327
00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:27,920
HAS BEEN HELPFUL TO HELP THINK
328
00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:29,720
HOW TO APPLY THE REAL LENS TO
329
00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:35,440
OUR SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE.
330
00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:37,240
MANY TIMES APPOINTMENT TO A
331
00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:38,560
FEDERAL POSITION AT THE NLM
332
00:13:38,560 --> 00:13:39,720
COMES TO SOMEONE WHO HAS WORKED
333
00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:42,120
AS A CONTRACTOR YEARS BEFORE.
334
00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:44,040
SO WE RECOGNIZE THE IMPORTANCE
335
00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:46,120
OF THE PIPELINE AND SKILLS OUR
336
00:13:46,120 --> 00:13:47,360
CONTRACT WORKFORCE BRINGS NOT
337
00:13:47,360 --> 00:13:48,760
ONLY TO THE WHOLE OF OUR
338
00:13:48,760 --> 00:13:51,440
FUNCTIONING AND OUR PRODUCTS AND
339
00:13:51,440 --> 00:13:53,360
SERVICES IN THE NATIONAL LIBRARY
340
00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:58,240
OF MEDICINE BUT TO OUR
341
00:13:58,240 --> 00:13:59,480
SCIENTIFIC EFFORTS.
342
00:13:59,480 --> 00:14:02,760
MR. WE WORK WITH ARE IN FACT
343
00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:05,560
MANY WE WORK WITH ARE THE
344
00:14:05,560 --> 00:14:06,160
CONTRACT WORKERS.
345
00:14:06,160 --> 00:14:07,800
WHEN WE BUILT THE PLAN IT WAS
346
00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:10,560
JUST NOT IN THE HANDS OF THE
347
00:14:10,560 --> 00:14:13,360
IDEA COUNSEL THERE WAS DESIGN
348
00:14:13,360 --> 00:14:14,400
COMMITTEE ENGAGEMENT ACROSS THE
349
00:14:14,400 --> 00:14:17,720
ENTIRETY OF THE NLM.
350
00:14:17,720 --> 00:14:23,720
WE HAD LOOKED AT THE THREE GOALS
351
00:14:23,720 --> 00:14:27,520
AND STAFF AWARENESS AND
352
00:14:27,520 --> 00:14:29,720
UNDERSTANDING OF STRUCTURAL
353
00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:31,240
RACISM AND EACH TEAMS GOT
354
00:14:31,240 --> 00:14:33,520
TOGETHER TO PLAN ASSESSMENT
355
00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:34,280
STRATEGIES AS WELL AS
356
00:14:34,280 --> 00:14:34,720
PRELIMINARY ACTIONS.
357
00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:39,440
THEY WERE PRESENTED TO THE NLM
358
00:14:39,440 --> 00:14:40,720
LEADERSHIP ABOUT TWO WEEKS AGO
359
00:14:40,720 --> 00:14:41,720
FOR THEIR FINAL PRESENTATION AND
360
00:14:41,720 --> 00:14:43,920
WE REVIEWED IT AND MADE COMMENTS
361
00:14:43,920 --> 00:14:46,520
AND SUGGESTIONS AND WORKED
362
00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:48,080
CLOSELY WITH THEM AND SUBMIT THE
363
00:14:48,080 --> 00:14:51,640
DOCUMENT TO THE NIH ON APRIL 1
364
00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:53,600
AS DID ALL THE 26 INSTITUTES AND
365
00:14:53,600 --> 00:15:00,640
CENTER AROUND THE NIH.
366
00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:02,520
WE ARE EXPECTING A RESPONSE FROM
367
00:15:02,520 --> 00:15:06,400
EARLY MAY AND OUR ACTING
368
00:15:06,400 --> 00:15:11,640
DIRECTOR IS EXPECTING THE
369
00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:12,880
INSTITUTES AND CENTERS KNOW IT
370
00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:14,080
WILL COST MORE MONEY AND
371
00:15:14,080 --> 00:15:15,120
UNDERSTAND AND TAKE ACTION
372
00:15:15,120 --> 00:15:16,720
LIKELY TO MAKE OUR WORKFORCE
373
00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:16,920
BETTER.
374
00:15:16,920 --> 00:15:19,360
ONCE OUR PLAN IS ENDORSED BY THE
375
00:15:19,360 --> 00:15:21,240
NIH, THE ENTIRE PLAN WILL BE
376
00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:22,600
CIRCULATED ACROSS OUR STAFF FOR
377
00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:28,280
REVIEW AND ENGAGEMENT.
378
00:15:28,280 --> 00:15:30,360
AND I'M GOING TO BE PUTTING A
379
00:15:30,360 --> 00:15:31,520
CALL TO STAFF MEMBERS LISTENING
380
00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:34,240
TO JOIN THE IMPLEMENTATION
381
00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:35,120
COMMITTEES BECAUSE THE
382
00:15:35,120 --> 00:15:36,520
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY
383
00:15:36,520 --> 00:15:41,320
TO DISMANTLE STRUCTURAL RACISM
384
00:15:41,320 --> 00:15:44,080
AND ADDRESS INEQUITIES EVEN IN
385
00:15:44,080 --> 00:15:44,720
THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
386
00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:45,880
WILL REQUIRE THE COMMITMENT OF
387
00:15:45,880 --> 00:15:50,200
EVERY STAFF MEMBER ACROSS THE
388
00:15:50,200 --> 00:15:50,480
INSTITUTE.
389
00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:51,440
A COUPLE MORE UPDATES.
390
00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:53,520
YOU MAY HAVE HEARD THE
391
00:15:53,520 --> 00:15:55,360
CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT
392
00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:57,440
WAS FINALLY SIGNED AND WE NOW
393
00:15:57,440 --> 00:15:59,360
HAVE A BUDGET.
394
00:15:59,360 --> 00:16:01,560
THIS WILL KEEP THE GOVERNMENT
395
00:16:01,560 --> 00:16:04,200
FUNDED THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30 WE
396
00:16:04,200 --> 00:16:05,440
WERE PLEASED WE DIDN'T GET
397
00:16:05,440 --> 00:16:06,240
ANOTHER CONTINUING RESOLUTION.
398
00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:10,120
THOSE MONITORING US FOR A WHILE
399
00:16:10,120 --> 00:16:12,320
MAY REMEMBER WE GET THEM WELL
400
00:16:12,320 --> 00:16:13,320
INTO JUNE AND THIS CAUTIONS
401
00:16:13,320 --> 00:16:14,920
HAVOC WITH OUR FUNDING BECAUSE
402
00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:18,320
OUR FUNDS ARE COMMITTED FOR ONE
403
00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:20,640
YEAR ONLY SO WE TO BE READY TO
404
00:16:20,640 --> 00:16:21,520
SPEND DOWN THE FUNDS.
405
00:16:21,520 --> 00:16:23,720
THIS YEAR WE WERE FORTUNATE TO
406
00:16:23,720 --> 00:16:25,920
GET A $479 MILLION
407
00:16:25,920 --> 00:16:26,280
APPROPRIATION.
408
00:16:26,280 --> 00:16:27,320
THAT'S OUR BASE BUDGET NOW.
409
00:16:27,320 --> 00:16:30,880
THIS IS A $17 MILLION INCREASE
410
00:16:30,880 --> 00:16:32,960
OVER FISCAL '21.
411
00:16:32,960 --> 00:16:35,720
OUR PRIORITIES FOR FISCAL '22
412
00:16:35,720 --> 00:16:38,280
CONTINUE TO BE THE RENOVATION OF
413
00:16:38,280 --> 00:16:41,000
OUR BUILDING A FOUR-YEAR PLAN
414
00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:41,920
COSTING IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF
415
00:16:41,920 --> 00:16:42,760
$35 MILLION.
416
00:16:42,760 --> 00:16:44,880
I'M COMMITTED TO THE EXPANSION
417
00:16:44,880 --> 00:16:45,760
OF THE INTRAMURAL RESEARCH
418
00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:46,000
PROGRAM.
419
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:49,920
WE HAVE A SEARCH UNDERWAY FOR
420
00:16:49,920 --> 00:16:54,000
NEW SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR AND HOPE
421
00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:57,840
TO MAKE THE APPOINTMENT BY
422
00:16:57,840 --> 00:17:00,000
MIDSUMMER AND LOOKING INTO
423
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:01,840
INVESTIGATOR TRACKS FOR THE NEW
424
00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:02,520
SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR TO MAKE USE
425
00:17:02,520 --> 00:17:03,520
OF IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS.
426
00:17:03,520 --> 00:17:06,520
IN ADDITION, IT'S CRITICAL WE
427
00:17:06,520 --> 00:17:07,760
MODERNIZE OUR COMPUTER
428
00:17:07,760 --> 00:17:09,960
INFRASTRUCTURE.
429
00:17:09,960 --> 00:17:10,600
THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
430
00:17:10,600 --> 00:17:13,040
IS LESS A LIBRARY OF OBJECTS AND
431
00:17:13,040 --> 00:17:15,600
MORE OF ELECTRONS AND MAKING
432
00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:20,320
SURE OUR ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
433
00:17:20,320 --> 00:17:29,720
WHETHER CLINICALTRIALS.gov, PUB
434
00:17:29,720 --> 00:17:30,320
MED ARE ACCESSIBLE AND SECURE
435
00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:31,280
AND HAVE SOUND INFRASTRUCTURE
436
00:17:31,280 --> 00:17:32,360
AND A CRITICAL INVESTMENT I'M
437
00:17:32,360 --> 00:17:33,760
MAKING OVER THIS PERIOD OF TIME.
438
00:17:33,760 --> 00:17:36,720
I'M HAPPY TO TALK MORE ABOUT
439
00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:37,920
THIS IN QUESTION.
440
00:17:37,920 --> 00:17:42,560
THIS ACT ALSO CREATED
441
00:17:42,560 --> 00:17:47,720
FORMALIZING THE ARPA-H PRODUCTS
442
00:17:47,720 --> 00:17:49,120
AGENCY FOR HEALTH AN INNOVATION
443
00:17:49,120 --> 00:17:49,760
ENGINE.
444
00:17:49,760 --> 00:17:52,520
THIS WAS ASSIGNED TO THE
445
00:17:52,520 --> 00:17:53,400
SECRETARY'S OFFICE IN HHS BUT
446
00:17:53,400 --> 00:17:56,680
WILL IN FACT BE TRANSFERRED TO
447
00:17:56,680 --> 00:17:57,720
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF
448
00:17:57,720 --> 00:17:57,920
HEALTH.
449
00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:02,000
THE OPERATIONS AND FUNDING WILL
450
00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:04,280
OCCUR WITHIN THE NIH ENCLAVE BUT
451
00:18:04,280 --> 00:18:08,920
THE DIRECTOR OF ARPA-H WILL BE A
452
00:18:08,920 --> 00:18:12,520
PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTEES WITH A
453
00:18:12,520 --> 00:18:13,320
DOTTED LINE RELATIONSHIP TO THE
454
00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:15,080
NIH DIRECTOR.
455
00:18:15,080 --> 00:18:16,800
WE ANTICIPATE NEW INITIATIVE
456
00:18:16,800 --> 00:18:18,800
FUNDING WILL BEGIN BY SEPTEMBER
457
00:18:18,800 --> 00:18:19,640
OF '24.
458
00:18:19,640 --> 00:18:21,080
I WANT TO CALL YOUR ATTENTION TO
459
00:18:21,080 --> 00:18:22,800
SOMETHING YOU PROBABLY HAVE
460
00:18:22,800 --> 00:18:24,120
HEARD OF BEFORE.
461
00:18:24,120 --> 00:18:25,480
WE'LL BE HEARING A LOT AND VERY
462
00:18:25,480 --> 00:18:28,400
MUCH NEED YOUR GUIDANCE TO HELP
463
00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:31,520
OUR INVESTIGATORS IN THE
464
00:18:31,520 --> 00:18:32,520
INTRAMURAL PROGRAM MAKE SURE
465
00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:33,200
THEY'RE COMPLIANT.
466
00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:34,400
THE DATA MANAGEMENT AND SHARING
467
00:18:34,400 --> 00:18:36,240
PLAN HAS BEEN UNDER DEVELOPMENT
468
00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:37,920
MANY YEARS AND WILL GO INTO
469
00:18:37,920 --> 00:18:39,320
AFFECT JANUARY 23.
470
00:18:39,320 --> 00:18:41,360
FOR ALL APPLICATIONS SUBMITTED
471
00:18:41,360 --> 00:18:47,800
ON OUR AFTER JANUARY 25, 2023 AS
472
00:18:47,800 --> 00:18:48,680
WELL AS FOR INTRAMURAL PROGRAMS
473
00:18:48,680 --> 00:18:50,520
INITIATED AFTER THAT TIME.
474
00:18:50,520 --> 00:18:51,720
APPLICATIONS MUST EXPLAIN WHAT
475
00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:53,520
DATA WILL BE GENERATED OR
476
00:18:53,520 --> 00:18:57,040
COLLECTED DURING THE STUDY AND
477
00:18:57,040 --> 00:18:58,520
WHETHER IT WILL BE SHARED AND
478
00:18:58,520 --> 00:19:01,280
WHERE AND WHEN MADE AVAILABLE.
479
00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:04,360
THE SHARING PLAN DOES NOT
480
00:19:04,360 --> 00:19:06,480
REQUIRE DATA SHARING BUT
481
00:19:06,480 --> 00:19:06,760
ENCOURAGES.
482
00:19:06,760 --> 00:19:07,720
THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
483
00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:10,760
IS PLAYING A KEY ROLE IN HELPING
484
00:19:10,760 --> 00:19:13,240
TO STRENGTHEN THE DATA SCIENCE
485
00:19:13,240 --> 00:19:14,720
LIBRARY WORKFORCE AROUND THE
486
00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:15,640
COUNTRY.
487
00:19:15,640 --> 00:19:18,920
WE BELIEVE THIS IS AN EXCITING
488
00:19:18,920 --> 00:19:20,200
OPPORTUNITY FOR THE DATA SCIENCE
489
00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:21,680
COMMUNITY TO DEMONSTRATE
490
00:19:21,680 --> 00:19:23,120
LEADERSHIP IN DATA MANAGEMENT
491
00:19:23,120 --> 00:19:27,320
AND SHARING AND AUTOMATED
492
00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:29,520
CURATION AND ACCESSIBILITY OF
493
00:19:29,520 --> 00:19:33,320
DATA AND CREATING MODELS.
494
00:19:33,320 --> 00:19:35,160
OUR PROGRAM IS AN OPPORTUNITY
495
00:19:35,160 --> 00:19:38,200
FOR THE T-15 PROGRAMS IN THEIR
496
00:19:38,200 --> 00:19:39,480
INSTITUTION TO ENSURE THE DATA
497
00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:42,240
MANAGEMENT AND SHARING PRACTICES
498
00:19:42,240 --> 00:19:44,160
GET DIFFUSED THROUGHOUT THE
499
00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:44,520
INSTITUTIONS.
500
00:19:44,520 --> 00:19:46,920
WE FOUND OUR T-15 PROGRAMS TO BE
501
00:19:46,920 --> 00:19:49,720
MAJOR LEADERS IN DATA THINKERS
502
00:19:49,720 --> 00:19:51,320
SO THIS IS AN IMPORTANT
503
00:19:51,320 --> 00:19:52,440
COMMUNICATION ENCLAVE.
504
00:19:52,440 --> 00:19:54,560
WE ALSO HOPE YOU WILL HAVE US
505
00:19:54,560 --> 00:19:57,320
THINK HOW TO INFUSE THE SKILLS
506
00:19:57,320 --> 00:19:59,120
IN OUR INTRAMURAL TRAINING
507
00:19:59,120 --> 00:20:00,640
PROGRAM WE NEED TO HELP TRAINEES
508
00:20:00,640 --> 00:20:02,440
UNDERSTAND HOW TO MANAGE THEIR
509
00:20:02,440 --> 00:20:04,400
OWN DATA AND HOW TO SUPPORT THE
510
00:20:04,400 --> 00:20:05,120
DATA IN THE INSTITUTION WHERE'S
511
00:20:05,120 --> 00:20:12,040
THEY MAY BE WORKING.
512
00:20:12,040 --> 00:20:13,680
YOU SEE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
513
00:20:13,680 --> 00:20:13,960
RENOVATIONS.
514
00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:16,320
ON THE LEFT YOU SEE WHAT ONCE
515
00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:18,320
WAS CALLED CONFERENCE ROOM B A
516
00:20:18,320 --> 00:20:20,400
TERRIBLY SMALL AND DARK
517
00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:21,880
CONFERENCE ROOM ON THE SECOND
518
00:20:21,880 --> 00:20:23,360
FLOOR ON THE MEZZANINE WILL NOW
519
00:20:23,360 --> 00:20:26,520
BE AN OFFICE SUITE.
520
00:20:26,520 --> 00:20:29,920
WE'RE BUILDING A MEZZANINE SPACE
521
00:20:29,920 --> 00:20:31,600
WITH OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEOPLE
522
00:20:31,600 --> 00:20:33,920
AND SUFFICIENT SPACE FOR PEOPLE
523
00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:35,600
TO STORE FOOD AND HEAT FOOD UP.
524
00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:37,880
ON THE LOWER RIGHT YOU SEE THE
525
00:20:37,880 --> 00:20:39,680
HAND RAILS UP THE FRONT OF STEPS
526
00:20:39,680 --> 00:20:43,920
FINALLY BEING REPAIRED AND OUR
527
00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:45,120
TERRAZO STEP WELLS ARE BEING
528
00:20:45,120 --> 00:20:45,360
REPAIRED.
529
00:20:45,360 --> 00:20:49,040
ON THE UPPER RIGHT YOU SEE WHAT
530
00:20:49,040 --> 00:20:52,080
WAS THE READING ROOM AND THE OLD
531
00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:57,120
LARGE CABINETS ARE BEING
532
00:20:57,120 --> 00:20:58,360
COMBINED INTO OFFICE SPACES WITH
533
00:20:58,360 --> 00:21:00,760
A VARIETY OF HUDDLE ROOMS AND
534
00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:02,520
PRIVATE OFFICES FOR INDIVIDUALS
535
00:21:02,520 --> 00:21:03,720
TO USE.
536
00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:04,360
IMPORTANT TO OUR OPERATION IN
537
00:21:04,360 --> 00:21:05,960
THE CENTER PICTURE AT THE TOP IS
538
00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:07,440
OUR DATA CENTER.
539
00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:09,200
OUR DATA CENTER HAS NOT BEEN
540
00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:10,520
MODERNIZED IN MANY YEARS.
541
00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:13,120
WE'RE NOW BRINGING IN ADDITIONAL
542
00:21:13,120 --> 00:21:18,000
POWER RESOURCES AS WELL AS
543
00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:20,320
STABLIZING THE DRAINAGE AND THE
544
00:21:20,320 --> 00:21:21,880
COLD CHILL WATER FLOW.
545
00:21:21,880 --> 00:21:25,000
THE $7 MILLION INVESTMENT IN OUR
546
00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:27,560
DATA CENTER HAS COME NOT FROM
547
00:21:27,560 --> 00:21:29,320
NLM FUNDS BUT FROM FUNDS FROM
548
00:21:29,320 --> 00:21:30,640
THE NIH RECOGNIZING THE
549
00:21:30,640 --> 00:21:31,920
IMPORTANCE OF OUR DATA CENTER.
550
00:21:31,920 --> 00:21:34,040
I'M PLEASED WITH THE WORK
551
00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:34,320
OCCURRING.
552
00:21:34,320 --> 00:21:35,720
I'LL STOP AND SEE IF YOU HAVE
553
00:21:35,720 --> 00:21:37,360
ANY QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS.
554
00:21:37,360 --> 00:21:39,280
I CLOSE BY THANKING YOU AGAIN
555
00:21:39,280 --> 00:21:41,720
FOR YOUR EFFORTS ON WE HALF OF
556
00:21:41,720 --> 00:21:43,080
THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
557
00:21:43,080 --> 00:21:44,360
AND SCIENCE AROUND THE WORLD.
558
00:21:44,360 --> 00:21:46,080
PETER, IF YOU'D LIKE TO HANDLE
559
00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:46,680
THE QUESTIONS, I'D APPRECIATE
560
00:21:46,680 --> 00:22:10,840
THAT.
561
00:22:10,840 --> 00:22:14,560
>> I HAD A QUESTION OF THE DATA
562
00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:17,120
SHARING PLAN AND WHAT REPRESENTS
563
00:22:17,120 --> 00:22:19,080
A GOOD ONE OR HOW DO WE THINK
564
00:22:19,080 --> 00:22:19,920
ABOUT THAT?
565
00:22:19,920 --> 00:22:21,200
>> IT'S NOT SCORABLE.
566
00:22:21,200 --> 00:22:26,520
IT WILL SUBMITTED IN JUST IN
567
00:22:26,520 --> 00:22:30,120
TIME.
568
00:22:30,120 --> 00:22:32,440
WE THINK IT THE BE MOST
569
00:22:32,440 --> 00:22:33,920
EFFICIENT WITH THE REVIEW AND
570
00:22:33,920 --> 00:22:36,120
THE SHARING PLAN IS IN ITSELF A
571
00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:38,520
SKILL AND WHILE IT NEEDS DOMAIN
572
00:22:38,520 --> 00:22:40,480
EXPERTISE THERE ARE SPECIFIC
573
00:22:40,480 --> 00:22:44,320
STRATEGIES OR FEATURES WE'D
574
00:22:44,320 --> 00:22:45,040
EXPECT.
575
00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:46,960
ARE THERE FUNDS TO SUPPORT DATA
576
00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:48,880
MANAGEMENT OR SHARING OR
577
00:22:48,880 --> 00:22:49,840
TRAINING PROGRAMS AND TOOLS AND
578
00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:51,640
I WOULD SAY YES TO ALL THREE.
579
00:22:51,640 --> 00:22:55,240
IT'S ACCEPTABLE TO PUT FUNDS
580
00:22:55,240 --> 00:22:57,600
INTO THE DIRECT COST FOR DATA
581
00:22:57,600 --> 00:22:59,360
MANAGEMENT AND SHARING AND WE'RE
582
00:22:59,360 --> 00:23:02,320
HOPING IT WILL HELP INCENTIVIZE
583
00:23:02,320 --> 00:23:03,200
RESEARCHERS FROM THE BEGINNING
584
00:23:03,200 --> 00:23:06,040
THINK HOW TO MANAGE THIS.
585
00:23:06,040 --> 00:23:07,880
SECONDLY, WE ARE PROVIDING IN
586
00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:09,760
SOME INSTITUTE HAVE STARTED AND
587
00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:14,160
SOME ARE PREPARING TEMPLATES FOR
588
00:23:14,160 --> 00:23:16,440
THE PLAN TO BE DEVELOPED IN
589
00:23:16,440 --> 00:23:16,960
EFFICIENT WAYS.
590
00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:21,160
THEY'RE NOT GOING TO BE
591
00:23:21,160 --> 00:23:23,720
ELECTRONIC WE PUSHED FOR THAT SO
592
00:23:23,720 --> 00:23:26,520
THEY CAN BE REUSED BY
593
00:23:26,520 --> 00:23:28,520
INSTITUTIONS TO HELP
594
00:23:28,520 --> 00:23:30,520
INSTITUTIONS ANTICIPATE WHAT THE
595
00:23:30,520 --> 00:23:33,040
CHALLENGES WOULD BE.
596
00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:37,960
AND FINALLY, WE'RE INVESTING IN
597
00:23:37,960 --> 00:23:39,520
DEVELOPING DATA SCIENCE
598
00:23:39,520 --> 00:23:42,360
LIBRARIANS AROUND THE COUNTRY TO
599
00:23:42,360 --> 00:23:43,880
PROVIDE INDIVIDUAL SUPPORT.
600
00:23:43,880 --> 00:23:46,520
THERE'S A SERIES OF TRAINING
601
00:23:46,520 --> 00:23:48,480
PROGRAMS THAT WILL BE OFFERED
602
00:23:48,480 --> 00:23:49,160
THROUGH THE EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH
603
00:23:49,160 --> 00:23:51,600
PROGRAM THROUGH THE NEXT YEAR TO
604
00:23:51,600 --> 00:23:53,120
HELP PEOPLE IN HOW TO SET UP A
605
00:23:53,120 --> 00:23:55,320
PLAN AND HOW TO THINK ABOUT DATA
606
00:23:55,320 --> 00:23:57,160
IN A SYSTEMATIC WAY.
607
00:23:57,160 --> 00:24:00,760
THE DETERMINATION OF WHICH DATA
608
00:24:00,760 --> 00:24:01,920
IS APPROPRIATE TO SHARE IS
609
00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:04,800
ACTUALLY IN ITSELF A CHALLENGING
610
00:24:04,800 --> 00:24:07,280
THING FOR SCIENTISTS.
611
00:24:07,280 --> 00:24:09,720
EVERY SNEEZE FOR BURP OR STEP
612
00:24:09,720 --> 00:24:11,400
ACROSS A FLOOR IS NOT ESSENTIAL
613
00:24:11,400 --> 00:24:13,400
TO BE SHARED AND YET IN SOME
614
00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:15,120
CASES, IF YOU'RE MANAGING RATS
615
00:24:15,120 --> 00:24:17,120
IN A SPECIFIC FOOD PRODUCTION
616
00:24:17,120 --> 00:24:18,360
WITH A SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL
617
00:24:18,360 --> 00:24:20,120
CONTROL ALL THAT DATA IS
618
00:24:20,120 --> 00:24:21,800
NECESSARY TO SHARE.
619
00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:25,160
WE RECOGNIZE IT'S GOING TO
620
00:24:25,160 --> 00:24:27,120
REQUIRE SOPHISTICATION AND
621
00:24:27,120 --> 00:24:27,480
FAMILIARITY.
622
00:24:27,480 --> 00:24:29,520
WE EXPECT IT WILL BE A LEARNING
623
00:24:29,520 --> 00:24:32,880
PROCESS AS WE BEGIN TO GET MORE
624
00:24:32,880 --> 00:24:34,040
SOPHISTICATION WITH DATA
625
00:24:34,040 --> 00:24:35,720
MANAGEMENT AND SHARING PLAN WE
626
00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:37,480
CAN SHARE BACK TO COMMUNITIES TO
627
00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:42,120
BE ABLE TO HAVE THAT EFFORT.
628
00:24:42,120 --> 00:24:45,520
AND THERE'S A PLAN TO WORK WITH
629
00:24:45,520 --> 00:24:47,640
THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE POLICY AND
630
00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:49,120
EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH TO PROVIDE
631
00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:49,880
TRAINING SESSIONS AT CONFERENCES
632
00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:52,600
AROUND THE COUNTRY IN THE NEXT
633
00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:54,240
YEAR TO GIVE PEOPLE HANDS ON
634
00:24:54,240 --> 00:24:56,440
EXPERIENCE IN WORKING WITH THEM.
635
00:24:56,440 --> 00:24:57,040
>> THANKS.
636
00:24:57,040 --> 00:24:59,120
AND THE QUICKLY CENTER WITH THE
637
00:24:59,120 --> 00:24:59,880
WORLD GOING TO CLOUD DID YOU
638
00:24:59,880 --> 00:25:02,880
THINK ABOUT THAT AT ALL?
639
00:25:02,880 --> 00:25:04,800
>> WE SURE DID.
640
00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:07,960
THE WORLD IS GOING TO CLOUD AND
641
00:25:07,960 --> 00:25:13,760
ON PREM DATA RESOURCES ARE
642
00:25:13,760 --> 00:25:14,000
NEEDED.
643
00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:17,040
WE MANAGE A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT
644
00:25:17,040 --> 00:25:17,920
OF CONTROLLED ACCESS DATA.
645
00:25:17,920 --> 00:25:20,080
AT THIS POINT IN TIME THE
646
00:25:20,080 --> 00:25:21,520
STRATEGIES FOR MOVING DATA TO
647
00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:22,720
THE CLOUD PARTICULARLY WHEN IT
648
00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:25,240
CONSISTS OF CONTROLLED ACCESS
649
00:25:25,240 --> 00:25:26,320
DATA ARE NOT COMPLETELY WORKED
650
00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:31,280
OUT AND WE DON'T ENVISION EVER
651
00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:35,200
HAVING A SOLE ON CLOUD PREMISE.
652
00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:38,920
WE WILL ALWAYS HAVE SOME AND
653
00:25:38,920 --> 00:25:40,120
WHAT THE DATA PROCESSING CENTER
654
00:25:40,120 --> 00:25:42,520
IS DOING IS ALLOWING US TO
655
00:25:42,520 --> 00:25:46,520
DETERMINE THE KIND OF LONG-TERM
656
00:25:46,520 --> 00:25:48,840
SUPPORTS WE MUST HAVE AND YET
657
00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:52,240
THOSE WOULD BE REDUNDANT AND NOT
658
00:25:52,240 --> 00:25:53,720
REDUNDANT WITH THE CLOUD.
659
00:25:53,720 --> 00:25:55,800
WE WOULDN'T PROVIDE 100%
660
00:25:55,800 --> 00:25:56,760
REDUNDANCY.
661
00:25:56,760 --> 00:25:57,760
IT WILL ALLOW TO REDUCE AND
662
00:25:57,760 --> 00:26:01,920
PERHAPS ELIMINATE THE REDUNDANT
663
00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:03,880
DATA CENTER IN STERLING.
664
00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:05,400
THAT'S WHERE A BIG EFFICIENCY
665
00:26:05,400 --> 00:26:06,440
WILL COME IN PULLING BACK FROM
666
00:26:06,440 --> 00:26:06,720
STERLING.
667
00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:21,520
>> THANK YOU.
668
00:26:21,520 --> 00:26:23,000
>> OTHER QUESTIONS FROM ANYBODY?
669
00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:24,920
>> I HAVE ONE.
670
00:26:24,920 --> 00:26:26,760
GOOD MORNING, ALL.
671
00:26:26,760 --> 00:26:29,520
HI, PATTI.
672
00:26:29,520 --> 00:26:30,680
>> HOW ARE YOU, STELLA?
673
00:26:30,680 --> 00:26:31,160
>> GREAT.
674
00:26:31,160 --> 00:26:33,360
I WAS GREAT TO SEE THE PROGRESS
675
00:26:33,360 --> 00:26:34,440
AND THE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.
676
00:26:34,440 --> 00:26:36,280
YOU'LL HAVE AN AWESOME SPACE FOR
677
00:26:36,280 --> 00:26:38,560
EVERYBODY.
678
00:26:38,560 --> 00:26:41,720
CAN'T WAIT TO SEE IT.
679
00:26:41,720 --> 00:26:45,320
I HAVE A QUESTION FOLLOWING UP
680
00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:46,520
ON THE QUESTION ON
681
00:26:46,520 --> 00:26:47,520
INFRASTRUCTURE.
682
00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:59,160
WE ARE WORLD DATA AND SOME
683
00:26:59,160 --> 00:27:03,920
ALTERNATIVE DATA AND OTHER DATA
684
00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:07,160
BEING PRODUCED BY SCIENTISTS
685
00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:14,600
AROUND THE NATION AND CAN BE
686
00:27:14,600 --> 00:27:26,000
SHARED AND PROVIDING A CATALOG.
687
00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:28,360
>> THE NIH OVERALL IS DEVELOPING
688
00:27:28,360 --> 00:27:31,920
A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR INFORMATION
689
00:27:31,920 --> 00:27:32,960
TECHNOLOGY WHICH NEVER HAS HAD
690
00:27:32,960 --> 00:27:33,400
BEFORE.
691
00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:35,720
IT'S AN EXCITING ACTIVITY AND
692
00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:37,400
I'M CO-CHAIRING THIS AND ONE OF
693
00:27:37,400 --> 00:27:38,640
THE CRITICAL THINGS THAT'S COME
694
00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:44,680
UP IS WHAT DO WE DO WITH CLINIC
695
00:27:44,680 --> 00:27:48,960
DATA AND I'M PRIVILEGED TO HAVE
696
00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:50,760
ACCESS TO MAJOR UNIVERSITIES.
697
00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:54,080
SOME INSTITUTIONS ARE
698
00:27:54,080 --> 00:27:58,520
ENVISIONING DOING REDUNDANCY
699
00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:01,720
INTO A CLINIC DATA REPOSITORIES
700
00:28:01,720 --> 00:28:04,320
AND SOME WOULD HAVE
701
00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:05,720
PATIENT-GENERATED DATA AND DATA
702
00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:07,920
BROUGHT TOGETHER IN A MORE
703
00:28:07,920 --> 00:28:08,920
SYSTEMATIC FASHION.
704
00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:09,840
WE'RE WORKING WITH THE
705
00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:12,920
INSTITUTES AND CENTERS ACROSS
706
00:28:12,920 --> 00:28:16,480
THE NIH TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE
707
00:28:16,480 --> 00:28:21,240
NEEDS OF REAL-WORLD DATA AND
708
00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:24,840
SPOKEN SPEECH OF CHILDREN IS
709
00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:28,040
BECOMING AN ISSUE AND ASSESSING
710
00:28:28,040 --> 00:28:30,560
SWALLOWING IN PEOPLE WHO HAVE
711
00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:33,080
HAD STROKES REQUIRES
712
00:28:33,080 --> 00:28:33,720
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY AND MOVEMENT
713
00:28:33,720 --> 00:28:34,680
OF FLUIDS.
714
00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:38,240
THERE'S NEW DATA COMING.
715
00:28:38,240 --> 00:28:43,800
I DON'T EXPECT THE NLM WILL
716
00:28:43,800 --> 00:28:46,920
BECOME A REPOSITORY OF DATA
717
00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:50,120
GENERATED BY NIH BUT I EXPECT TO
718
00:28:50,120 --> 00:28:52,280
HAVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE NEED TO
719
00:28:52,280 --> 00:28:55,360
THE DATA REPOSITORIES AND THE
720
00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:56,640
CONVERSATION IS BALANCING WHAT
721
00:28:56,640 --> 00:28:59,200
TO BE DONE BY A STEWARD AS A
722
00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:00,520
REPOSITORY ON THE CAMPUS AND AS
723
00:29:00,520 --> 00:29:06,800
A NIH-FUNDED REPOSITORY.
724
00:29:06,800 --> 00:29:08,120
WE HAVE SEVERAL OPPORTUNITIES
725
00:29:08,120 --> 00:29:10,120
THROUGH THE OFFICE OF DATA
726
00:29:10,120 --> 00:29:14,280
SCIENCE STRATEGY AND NOTICE OF
727
00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:18,720
SPECIAL INTEREST AND STIMULATION
728
00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:22,080
OF NEW AWARDS WE'RE TRYING TO
729
00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:25,480
MOVE THEM OUT OF THE RO1 FUNDING
730
00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:27,680
LINE WHICH IS THE TRADITIONAL
731
00:29:27,680 --> 00:29:29,760
WAY MANY HAVE BEEN FUNDED AND
732
00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:39,280
HARD TO SUSTAIN AND FINAL
733
00:29:39,280 --> 00:29:41,640
CLOSING REMARKS, FDA HAS AN
734
00:29:41,640 --> 00:29:43,680
INTERESTING REAL-WORLD DATA AND
735
00:29:43,680 --> 00:29:44,080
WE'RE LOOKING AT
736
00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:44,720
CROSS-GOVERNMENT SOLUTIONS FOR
737
00:29:44,720 --> 00:29:53,080
THIS.
738
00:29:53,080 --> 00:29:54,480
THINK IT'S EXCITING.
739
00:29:54,480 --> 00:30:00,120
I WAS WONDERING IF NLM WOULDN'T
740
00:30:00,120 --> 00:30:02,960
BE THE EXACT PLACE WHERE
741
00:30:02,960 --> 00:30:04,320
EDUCATION TO THE PUBLIC IN
742
00:30:04,320 --> 00:30:10,520
GENERAL ABOUT IMPLICATIONS OF
743
00:30:10,520 --> 00:30:14,520
HAVING THEIR DATA USED FOR
744
00:30:14,520 --> 00:30:20,160
RESEARCH AND COULD BE CENTERS
745
00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:21,640
THERE WHAT I BELIEVE AFTER
746
00:30:21,640 --> 00:30:23,720
HAVING BEEN A RECRUITER AND A
747
00:30:23,720 --> 00:30:26,120
DATA STEWARD IS PEOPLE DON'T
748
00:30:26,120 --> 00:30:27,200
ACTUALLY KNOW WHAT THEY'RE
749
00:30:27,200 --> 00:30:29,480
SIGNING OFF TO AND THEN AFTER
750
00:30:29,480 --> 00:30:31,200
THEY'LL FIND OUT FOR EXAMPLE
751
00:30:31,200 --> 00:30:32,760
THAT THE DATA HAD BEEN SHARED IN
752
00:30:32,760 --> 00:30:38,320
THIS WAY OR THAT WAY AND THAT
753
00:30:38,320 --> 00:30:41,720
MIGHT HAVE SOME PROBLEM WITH
754
00:30:41,720 --> 00:30:45,040
TRUST FOR FUTURE RESEARCH AS
755
00:30:45,040 --> 00:30:46,280
WELL AS LINKING.
756
00:30:46,280 --> 00:30:48,760
IT'S JUST A SUGGEST BUT I THINK
757
00:30:48,760 --> 00:30:51,120
NLM IS THE RIGHT PLACE TO
758
00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:51,920
INITIATE SUCH EFFORTS.
759
00:30:51,920 --> 00:30:54,520
>> SO WE'RE WORKING CLOSELY WITH
760
00:30:54,520 --> 00:30:56,080
OUR NETWORK AT THE NATIONAL
761
00:30:56,080 --> 00:30:57,680
LIBRARY OF MEDICINE WHO HAVE
762
00:30:57,680 --> 00:30:58,920
POINTS OF PRESENCE IN 8,000
763
00:30:58,920 --> 00:31:00,200
COMMUNITIES AROUND THE COUNTRY
764
00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:01,200
TO BE PART OF OUR COMMUNICATION
765
00:31:01,200 --> 00:31:07,640
CHAIN.
766
00:31:07,640 --> 00:31:08,720
AND THERE'S AN INITIATIVE AND
767
00:31:08,720 --> 00:31:10,400
YOU MAY RECALL THIS SUMMER IN
768
00:31:10,400 --> 00:31:12,440
OUR CONTROLLED DATA ACCESS
769
00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:13,800
WORKING GROUP TO BETTER
770
00:31:13,800 --> 00:31:18,520
UNDERSTAND WHAT THE ISSUES ARE
771
00:31:18,520 --> 00:31:20,800
AND WE FOUND GIVEN A PARADOX
772
00:31:20,800 --> 00:31:22,280
WITH PATIENTS.
773
00:31:22,280 --> 00:31:23,640
ON ONE HAND PEOPLE ACTIVELY
774
00:31:23,640 --> 00:31:27,120
ENGAGED WITH RESEARCH AND OFTEN
775
00:31:27,120 --> 00:31:27,920
FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN WITH
776
00:31:27,920 --> 00:31:30,480
COMPLEX ILLNESSES WANT TO STOP
777
00:31:30,480 --> 00:31:33,120
GIVING THE SAME DATA AND WANT IT
778
00:31:33,120 --> 00:31:34,360
DEPOSITED ONCE AND USED MANY
779
00:31:34,360 --> 00:31:35,320
TIMES BY DIFFERENT RESEARCHERS.
780
00:31:35,320 --> 00:31:38,720
AT THE SAME TIME THE IDEA YOUR
781
00:31:38,720 --> 00:31:39,680
CLINICAL RECORD COULD NOW BE
782
00:31:39,680 --> 00:31:41,720
SITTING IN A REPOSITORY AND
783
00:31:41,720 --> 00:31:44,240
COULD BE USED TO CREATE NEW
784
00:31:44,240 --> 00:31:45,480
UNDERSTANDING ON HOW TO TAKE
785
00:31:45,480 --> 00:31:48,720
CARE OF HYPERTENSION OR A NEW
786
00:31:48,720 --> 00:31:52,400
DEVICE WHICH WILL LEAD TO
787
00:31:52,400 --> 00:31:53,720
SPECIALIZATION IS SOMETHING WE
788
00:31:53,720 --> 00:31:59,720
HAVE NEED TO MAKE DIFFERENT.
789
00:31:59,720 --> 00:32:01,600
AND THERE'S CHOICE DATA AND YET
790
00:32:01,600 --> 00:32:04,480
WHAT I REALIZED IS YOU CAN'T DO
791
00:32:04,480 --> 00:32:06,400
IT AT THE POINT OF THE STUDY OR
792
00:32:06,400 --> 00:32:06,720
CARE.
793
00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:08,320
IT MUST BE EMBEDDED IN THE LIFE
794
00:32:08,320 --> 00:32:09,920
OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND RETURNED
795
00:32:09,920 --> 00:32:14,520
TO A CONCEPT CALLED THE
796
00:32:14,520 --> 00:32:15,960
KINDERGARTEN CURRICULUM FOR DATA
797
00:32:15,960 --> 00:32:16,920
SAYING WASH YOU HANDS AFTER YOU
798
00:32:16,920 --> 00:32:19,320
GO TO THE POTTY, ALL KIDS KNOW
799
00:32:19,320 --> 00:32:19,520
THAT.
800
00:32:19,520 --> 00:32:21,960
IF WE CAN GET THE SAME LEVEL OF
801
00:32:21,960 --> 00:32:23,720
UNDERSTANDING AS DATA AS PART OF
802
00:32:23,720 --> 00:32:26,520
YOUR HEALTH PROCESS BEGINNING IN
803
00:32:26,520 --> 00:32:27,400
KINDERGARTEN AND MOVING THROUGH
804
00:32:27,400 --> 00:32:29,720
THE LIFE CYCLE WE'LL MAKE
805
00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:30,000
PROGRESS.
806
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:31,960
IN TERMS OF HOW TO HELP PEOPLE
807
00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:34,280
AT THE MOMENT OF SIGNING THE
808
00:32:34,280 --> 00:32:36,680
PAPER, WE'RE EXPLORING ANIMATION
809
00:32:36,680 --> 00:32:38,040
AND DIFFERENT KINDS OF VISUAL
810
00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:40,520
TOOLS THAT WILL HELP PEOPLE
811
00:32:40,520 --> 00:32:44,280
CONVEY WHAT IS REQUIRED BY CF49
812
00:32:44,280 --> 00:32:46,040
BUT ALLOWS THEM TO INCORPORATE
813
00:32:46,040 --> 00:32:47,200
AND UNDERSTAND IN THEIR OWN
814
00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:55,600
FRAME OF REFERENCE.
815
00:32:55,600 --> 00:32:57,480
>> WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE
816
00:32:57,480 --> 00:32:58,240
QUESTION BEFORE VALERIE STARTS
817
00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:16,880
HER REMARKS.
818
00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:18,960
I HAVE A QUESTION FOR DARPA FOR
819
00:33:18,960 --> 00:33:21,720
HEALTH AND WHETHER THE
820
00:33:21,720 --> 00:33:26,520
INSTITUTES OR NLM WILL HAVE
821
00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:36,520
ANYTHING TO DO WITH THAT.
822
00:33:36,520 --> 00:33:46,520
>> HERE'S THE PARADOX AND YOU
823
00:33:46,520 --> 00:33:51,120
HEARD NIH IS SLOW AND
824
00:33:51,120 --> 00:33:51,520
NON-RESPONSIVE.
825
00:33:51,520 --> 00:33:53,720
WE STAND READY TO BE PARTNERS
826
00:33:53,720 --> 00:33:55,720
WITH DARP H AND THERE WILL BE A
827
00:33:55,720 --> 00:33:59,720
NEED TO HAVE FUNDING TRANSFERS
828
00:33:59,720 --> 00:34:01,520
BECAUSE FOR ANY OTHER GOVERNMENT
829
00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:04,520
AGENCY WE PROVIDE SERVICES FOR
830
00:34:04,520 --> 00:34:05,720
THERE'S A FUNDING MODEL THAT
831
00:34:05,720 --> 00:34:06,440
SUPPORTS IT.
832
00:34:06,440 --> 00:34:09,600
I'M PARTICULARLY INTERESTED IN
833
00:34:09,600 --> 00:34:11,360
THE DATA MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND
834
00:34:11,360 --> 00:34:12,840
THEY'RE ON TWO LEVELS.
835
00:34:12,840 --> 00:34:14,680
ONE IS THE POLICY LEVEL WITH THE
836
00:34:14,680 --> 00:34:16,720
ARPA-H ACTIVITIES BE BOUND BY
837
00:34:16,720 --> 00:34:18,640
THE NIH POLICIES AROUND GENOME
838
00:34:18,640 --> 00:34:20,440
DATA SHARING AND SHARING
839
00:34:20,440 --> 00:34:21,920
POLICIES AND SECOND IF THEY ARE,
840
00:34:21,920 --> 00:34:23,760
AND IF THEY ARE AND GOING TO
841
00:34:23,760 --> 00:34:26,520
GENERATE HUGE AMOUNTS OF DATA
842
00:34:26,520 --> 00:34:29,000
WHERE WILL WE PUT IT.
843
00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:33,480
WE HAVE MOVED HIGH VALUE
844
00:34:33,480 --> 00:34:35,680
MOLECULAR DATABASES TO THE CLOUD
845
00:34:35,680 --> 00:34:37,520
FOR CONTINUED ACCESSIBILITY AND
846
00:34:37,520 --> 00:34:41,360
WHEN IT GETS TO REAL LOVE WORLD
847
00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:44,160
BEHAVIORAL DATA AND VISUAL IMAGE
848
00:34:44,160 --> 00:34:45,520
DATA, VIDEO, SOUND THEY'RE
849
00:34:45,520 --> 00:34:47,720
DIFFERENT KINDS OF DATA
850
00:34:47,720 --> 00:34:47,960
RESOURCES.
851
00:34:47,960 --> 00:34:49,640
WE'LL HAVE TO SCALE UP AND
852
00:34:49,640 --> 00:34:51,040
LOOKING FORWARD TO ARPA-H
853
00:34:51,040 --> 00:34:53,720
BRINGING INNOVATION IN DATA
854
00:34:53,720 --> 00:34:53,920
AREA.
855
00:34:53,920 --> 00:34:54,520
THANKS VERY MUCH.
856
00:34:54,520 --> 00:34:56,200
I'LL CLOSE BY THANKING YOU ALL.
857
00:34:56,200 --> 00:34:57,520
HAVE A TERRIFIC DAY.
858
00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:00,120
I'LL BE BACK TO HEAR THE
859
00:35:00,120 --> 00:35:03,120
PRESENTATIONS BUT I HAVE TO STEP
860
00:35:03,120 --> 00:35:04,000
AWAY FOR A BRIEFING MEETING
861
00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:06,240
RIGHT NOW.
862
00:35:06,240 --> 00:35:08,520
>> THANK YOU, PATTI.
863
00:35:08,520 --> 00:35:09,720
VALERIE, THANK YOU FOR GIVING US
864
00:35:09,720 --> 00:35:11,040
SOME WORDS AS THE ACTING
865
00:35:11,040 --> 00:35:11,760
DIRECTOR.
866
00:35:11,760 --> 00:35:12,840
PLEASE GO AHEAD.
867
00:35:12,840 --> 00:35:22,960
>> THANK YOU, HI EVERYBODY.
868
00:35:22,960 --> 00:35:25,320
I'M GOING TO TAKE A SECOND AND
869
00:35:25,320 --> 00:35:26,880
TRY TO BE TALENTED ENOUGH TO
870
00:35:26,880 --> 00:35:41,720
SHARE MY SCREEN WITH YOU.
871
00:35:41,720 --> 00:35:43,600
JUST TO GIVE A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF
872
00:35:43,600 --> 00:35:44,800
WHAT'S BEEN GOING ON IN THE
873
00:35:44,800 --> 00:35:46,520
OFFICE OF THE SCIENTIFIC
874
00:35:46,520 --> 00:35:47,680
DIRECTOR.
875
00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:49,440
AS YOU KNOW THAT'S BEEN MY ROLE
876
00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:50,720
FOR ABOUT THE LAST YEAR, YEAR
877
00:35:50,720 --> 00:35:55,280
AND A HALF.
878
00:35:55,280 --> 00:35:57,840
AND PART IS BECAUSE OF OUR
879
00:35:57,840 --> 00:36:00,640
EFFORTS TO BRING TOGETHER WHAT
880
00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:01,440
USED TO BE TWO SEPARATE RESEARCH
881
00:36:01,440 --> 00:36:05,800
PROGRAMS INTO A SINGLE ONE UNDER
882
00:36:05,800 --> 00:36:11,800
THE CARE AND FEEDING OF A SINGLE
883
00:36:11,800 --> 00:36:13,360
SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR.
884
00:36:13,360 --> 00:36:18,920
AND SO THAT IS OUR HOME AND A
885
00:36:18,920 --> 00:36:20,640
WANT TO SAY SOME THINGS ABOUT
886
00:36:20,640 --> 00:36:20,840
IT.
887
00:36:20,840 --> 00:36:22,320
WHAT I'LL TALK ABOUT TODAY ARE A
888
00:36:22,320 --> 00:36:22,680
COUPLE THINGS.
889
00:36:22,680 --> 00:36:25,600
I WANT IT GIVE YOU A SUMMARY OF
890
00:36:25,600 --> 00:36:38,160
A REPORT THAT I GAVE TO THE NIH
891
00:36:38,160 --> 00:36:38,840
SPECIALIST COMMITTEE AND THAT'S
892
00:36:38,840 --> 00:36:40,320
BEEN AROUND A WHILE.
893
00:36:40,320 --> 00:36:42,280
IT'S THE FIRST TIME NIH EVER
894
00:36:42,280 --> 00:36:42,920
REPORTED TO IT.
895
00:36:42,920 --> 00:36:48,680
I AM -- I'LL EXPLAIN WHAT THEY
896
00:36:48,680 --> 00:36:50,280
DO AND GIVE A TRAINING
897
00:36:50,280 --> 00:36:51,640
COORDINATOR, VIRGINIA MEIER IS
898
00:36:51,640 --> 00:36:53,480
ALSO IN THE ROOM SO TO SPEAK.
899
00:36:53,480 --> 00:36:55,320
WHEN WE GET TO QUESTIONS, IF YOU
900
00:36:55,320 --> 00:36:59,120
HAVE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS, SHE MAY
901
00:36:59,120 --> 00:37:02,320
BE THE ONE WHO HELPS ANSWER THEM
902
00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:03,920
AND I'LL CLOSE WITH COMMENTS
903
00:37:03,920 --> 00:37:06,120
ABOUT OUR WORK TO POPULATE THE
904
00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:10,600
NINTH FLOOR OF THE BUILDING
905
00:37:10,600 --> 00:37:18,400
BEHIND MY HEAD.
906
00:37:18,400 --> 00:37:19,840
THE NIH EQUITY COMMITTEE LOOKS
907
00:37:19,840 --> 00:37:22,720
AT METRICS FOR EACH INTRAMURAL
908
00:37:22,720 --> 00:37:25,920
PROGRAM AT NIH.
909
00:37:25,920 --> 00:37:27,720
EVERY COUPLE YEARS THEY DO A
910
00:37:27,720 --> 00:37:29,520
REVIEW FOR EVERY SINGLE
911
00:37:29,520 --> 00:37:29,760
INSTITUTE.
912
00:37:29,760 --> 00:37:34,320
SOME INSTITUTES HAVE MULTIPLE
913
00:37:34,320 --> 00:37:35,200
INTRAMURAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS.
914
00:37:35,200 --> 00:37:37,520
WE ARE PROBABLY THE SMALLEST OR
915
00:37:37,520 --> 00:37:39,080
ONE OF THE SMALLEST,
916
00:37:39,080 --> 00:37:42,200
NEVERTHELESS, THEY LOOK AT KEY
917
00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:43,160
FACTORS WHICH INCLUDE
918
00:37:43,160 --> 00:37:46,560
DEMOGRAPHICS AND SALARIES,
919
00:37:46,560 --> 00:37:48,680
HIRING LIKE THE SIZE OF THE
920
00:37:48,680 --> 00:37:52,320
RESEARCH TEAMS THAT
921
00:37:52,320 --> 00:37:52,960
INVESTIGATORS ADVISORY COUNCIL
922
00:37:52,960 --> 00:37:55,080
THE REVIEW PRACTICES OF THE
923
00:37:55,080 --> 00:37:58,600
BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC COUNSELORS.
924
00:37:58,600 --> 00:38:02,200
DECEMBER, 2021 WAS OUR FIRST NEC
925
00:38:02,200 --> 00:38:02,520
REVIEW.
926
00:38:02,520 --> 00:38:06,360
THEY PROVIDED SOME TABLES AND
927
00:38:06,360 --> 00:38:08,320
ASKED KNOW PROVIDE COMMENTARY.
928
00:38:08,320 --> 00:38:11,280
I'LL SHOW YOU A COUPLE TABLES.
929
00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:11,920
THEY HIGHLIGHT WE HAVE WORK TO
930
00:38:11,920 --> 00:38:17,760
DO.
931
00:38:17,760 --> 00:38:19,840
THESE ARE SOME TABLES I WANT TO
932
00:38:19,840 --> 00:38:21,240
SHOW YOU WHICH SHOWS YOU HOW
933
00:38:21,240 --> 00:38:24,680
MANY SENIOR INVESTIGATORS WE
934
00:38:24,680 --> 00:38:25,560
HAVE.
935
00:38:25,560 --> 00:38:26,480
HOW MANY TENURE TRACK
936
00:38:26,480 --> 00:38:29,480
INVESTIGATORS WE HAVE AS OF THE
937
00:38:29,480 --> 00:38:30,840
DATE AS OF APRIL 2021.
938
00:38:30,840 --> 00:38:36,280
YOU CAN SEE WE'RE A SMALL GROUP.
939
00:38:36,280 --> 00:38:41,960
YOU CAN ALSO SEE WE DEFINITELY
940
00:38:41,960 --> 00:38:45,800
DON'T HAVE GENDER PARITY IN OUR
941
00:38:45,800 --> 00:38:46,280
INVESTIGATOR POOL.
942
00:38:46,280 --> 00:38:48,520
THIS IS WORSE, SORRY, I FEEL IT
943
00:38:48,520 --> 00:38:49,280
IS AND YOU HAVE TO BE HONEST.
944
00:38:49,280 --> 00:38:56,920
LOOK AT THIS.
945
00:38:56,920 --> 00:38:59,720
WE HAVE VERY FEW UNDER
946
00:38:59,720 --> 00:39:05,360
REPRESENTED MINORITIES IN THE
947
00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:07,040
INVESTIGATOR POOL AND HAVE WORK
948
00:39:07,040 --> 00:39:08,680
TO DO TO GET TO THE PLACE WE
949
00:39:08,680 --> 00:39:09,280
WANT TO BE.
950
00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:21,160
WE ALSO TALKED TO THEM A BIT
951
00:39:21,160 --> 00:39:23,320
WE'RE CALLED A DRY LAB OPPOSED
952
00:39:23,320 --> 00:39:26,000
TO WET LAB.
953
00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:28,520
YOU GUYS ARE COMPUTATIONAL AND
954
00:39:28,520 --> 00:39:29,760
DON'T NEED TO BE TOGETHER.
955
00:39:29,760 --> 00:39:30,560
OUR INVESTIGATORS AND TRAINEES
956
00:39:30,560 --> 00:39:33,640
DON'T FEEL THAT WAY.
957
00:39:33,640 --> 00:39:36,320
IN FACT, THEY FELT IT WAS THE
958
00:39:36,320 --> 00:39:39,560
IMPACT OF HAVING TO BE FULLY
959
00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:40,760
REMOTE INTERFERED WITH THEIR
960
00:39:40,760 --> 00:39:46,280
RESEARCH AND ALSO THEIR
961
00:39:46,280 --> 00:39:53,680
INTERACTIONS SO THERE'S WAVES OF
962
00:39:53,680 --> 00:39:58,520
PEOPLE COMING BACK UNTIL NEXT
963
00:39:58,520 --> 00:40:00,120
WEEK WHERE ALMOST ALL NIH
964
00:40:00,120 --> 00:40:04,400
FEDERAL EMPLOYEES WILL BE
965
00:40:04,400 --> 00:40:05,520
STARTING ON REGULAR THOUGH
966
00:40:05,520 --> 00:40:11,720
PROBABLY RESTRICT FROM FORMER
967
00:40:11,720 --> 00:40:13,680
SCHEDULES.
968
00:40:13,680 --> 00:40:15,000
SOME VOLUNTEERED TO COME BACK
969
00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:16,120
FOR THAT REASON BECAUSE THEY
970
00:40:16,120 --> 00:40:16,920
FELT THEY WEREN'T GETTING
971
00:40:16,920 --> 00:40:17,720
EVERYTHING THEY WANTED.
972
00:40:17,720 --> 00:40:23,720
WE HAVE HAD PEOPLE IN PLACE A
973
00:40:23,720 --> 00:40:24,440
FEW MONTHS.
974
00:40:24,440 --> 00:40:26,480
I MADE SOME RECOMMENDATIONS TO
975
00:40:26,480 --> 00:40:27,120
THEM TOO.
976
00:40:27,120 --> 00:40:39,880
I WAS ALLOWED TO DO THAT AND
977
00:40:39,880 --> 00:40:41,960
LOOK AT THE STEPS TO TAKE AND
978
00:40:41,960 --> 00:40:47,240
ASKED THEM IF WE CAN INCREASE
979
00:40:47,240 --> 00:40:49,720
THE VISIBILITY FOR CLINICAL
980
00:40:49,720 --> 00:40:52,640
INFORMATICS AND BIOMEDICAL
981
00:40:52,640 --> 00:40:54,320
SCIENCE AND IF YOU SEARCHED NIH
982
00:40:54,320 --> 00:40:56,680
IRP AND LOOK AT THE LIST THAT
983
00:40:56,680 --> 00:41:01,880
SAYS SHOW ME THE TOPICS YOU
984
00:41:01,880 --> 00:41:04,240
COVER, THEY DON'T MENTION THESE
985
00:41:04,240 --> 00:41:05,720
THEY MENTION LOTS OF BIOLOGY
986
00:41:05,720 --> 00:41:08,080
TOPICS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IS THERE
987
00:41:08,080 --> 00:41:09,600
AND THERE'S AN ENGINEERING
988
00:41:09,600 --> 00:41:09,960
TOPIC.
989
00:41:09,960 --> 00:41:15,120
WHEN YOU ACTUALLY GO AND LOOK
990
00:41:15,120 --> 00:41:20,960
FOR INVESTIGATORS FOR EXAMPLE,
991
00:41:20,960 --> 00:41:27,000
TWO OF THE PEOPLE IN OUR
992
00:41:27,000 --> 00:41:30,040
COMPUTATIONAL SEARCH BRANCH ARE
993
00:41:30,040 --> 00:41:31,120
LISTED ADDS COMPUTATIONAL
994
00:41:31,120 --> 00:41:34,520
BIOLOGIST AND IF YOU LOOK AT
995
00:41:34,520 --> 00:41:35,720
SOMEONE PROVIDING TRAINING
996
00:41:35,720 --> 00:41:38,520
OPPORTUNITIES IN AN AREA I CARE
997
00:41:38,520 --> 00:41:40,720
ABOUT IT'S HARDER TO FIND US.
998
00:41:40,720 --> 00:41:42,520
I HAVEN'T GIVEN UP TRYING TO
999
00:41:42,520 --> 00:41:43,880
CONVINCE THEM THEY NEED TO
1000
00:41:43,880 --> 00:41:46,680
EXPAND THEIR LIST OF TOPICS.
1001
00:41:46,680 --> 00:41:48,640
THE SECOND THING FOR US, WE NEED
1002
00:41:48,640 --> 00:41:51,480
BETTER STRATEGIES AND OPTIONS
1003
00:41:51,480 --> 00:41:55,960
FOR RECRUITING WOMEN AND UNDER
1004
00:41:55,960 --> 00:41:56,840
REPRESENTED MINORITIES.
1005
00:41:56,840 --> 00:41:58,520
STATISTICS SHOW THE PERCENTAGE
1006
00:41:58,520 --> 00:42:02,320
OF WOMEN OBTAIN, FOR EXAMPLE,
1007
00:42:02,320 --> 00:42:03,560
OBTAINING Ph.D.s IN COMPUTER
1008
00:42:03,560 --> 00:42:06,200
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IS STILL
1009
00:42:06,200 --> 00:42:13,720
BELOW 35% WHERE IT'S 50% FOR
1010
00:42:13,720 --> 00:42:16,320
BIOLOGY AND THE NUMBERS FOR
1011
00:42:16,320 --> 00:42:18,520
UNDER REPRESENTED MINORITIES IS
1012
00:42:18,520 --> 00:42:20,280
NOT AS GOOD AS THAT.
1013
00:42:20,280 --> 00:42:26,120
WE NEED TO COME UP WITH WAYS TO
1014
00:42:26,120 --> 00:42:27,000
DIVERSIFY OUR INVESTIGATOR POOL.
1015
00:42:27,000 --> 00:42:28,640
THAT TAKES ME TO THE TRAINING
1016
00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:28,880
UPDATE.
1017
00:42:28,880 --> 00:42:31,840
I'M QUITE PROUD OF THIS.
1018
00:42:31,840 --> 00:42:34,520
WE LAUNCHED THE PROGRAM AFTER
1019
00:42:34,520 --> 00:42:43,280
THIS REPORT DATA SCIENCE
1020
00:42:43,280 --> 00:42:45,400
ANDATICS PROGRAM AND WE WANT
1021
00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:46,480
DIVERSITY IN OUR WORKFORCE POOL
1022
00:42:46,480 --> 00:42:47,720
AND IT WILL HELP OUR SCIENCE
1023
00:42:47,720 --> 00:42:55,320
MOVE FORWARD AND SO WE STARTED
1024
00:42:55,320 --> 00:42:56,720
ADVERTISING THE PROGRAM FOR
1025
00:42:56,720 --> 00:42:57,240
SUMMER INTERNS.
1026
00:42:57,240 --> 00:42:58,760
WE TOLD PEOPLE THIS IS WHAT YOU
1027
00:42:58,760 --> 00:42:59,520
WOULD GET.
1028
00:42:59,520 --> 00:43:01,480
GET A MENTORED RESEARCH PROJECT
1029
00:43:01,480 --> 00:43:03,640
WITH ONE OF OUR SCIENTISTS.
1030
00:43:03,640 --> 00:43:05,200
YOU GET SOME COHORT ACTIVITIES
1031
00:43:05,200 --> 00:43:07,320
BECAUSE AS WE KNOW EVEN FROM OUR
1032
00:43:07,320 --> 00:43:09,720
TRAINING PROGRAMS AND THE
1033
00:43:09,720 --> 00:43:10,520
UNIVERSITIES, BUILDING A COHORT
1034
00:43:10,520 --> 00:43:14,520
OF TRAINEES IS REALLY IMPORTANT.
1035
00:43:14,520 --> 00:43:17,760
THEY NEED TO KNOW EACH OTHER AS
1036
00:43:17,760 --> 00:43:18,520
WELL AS THEIR INVESTIGATE PERP
1037
00:43:18,520 --> 00:43:22,040
PERP -- INVESTIGATOR AND SOCIAL
1038
00:43:22,040 --> 00:43:23,760
ACTIVITIES AND JOURNAL CLUB AND
1039
00:43:23,760 --> 00:43:25,920
WE HAVE MENTORS AND ROLE MODELS
1040
00:43:25,920 --> 00:43:31,120
AND THERE'S COURSES AND OTHER
1041
00:43:31,120 --> 00:43:32,760
ACTIVITIES THE NIH INTRAMURAL
1042
00:43:32,760 --> 00:43:34,320
PROGRAM OFFERS LIKE RESILIENCE
1043
00:43:34,320 --> 00:43:36,160
AND WELLNESS WORK SHOPS AND
1044
00:43:36,160 --> 00:43:40,920
SMALL GROUP DISCUSSIONS FROM OUR
1045
00:43:40,920 --> 00:43:41,840
NIH OFFICE OF TRAINING AND
1046
00:43:41,840 --> 00:43:52,640
EDUCATION.
1047
00:43:52,640 --> 00:43:56,160
OUR TRAINER VIRGINIA MEIER MADE
1048
00:43:56,160 --> 00:43:57,240
THE PROGRAM AS VISIBLE AS WE
1049
00:43:57,240 --> 00:43:57,480
COULD.
1050
00:43:57,480 --> 00:43:59,400
WE HAVE A NEW CYCLE OF
1051
00:43:59,400 --> 00:44:01,920
APPLICATIONS COMING IN NOVEMBER
1052
00:44:01,920 --> 00:44:04,640
BUT I WANT TO TELL YOU I'M
1053
00:44:04,640 --> 00:44:06,560
THRILLED TO SAY WE HAVE FIVE
1054
00:44:06,560 --> 00:44:09,400
INTERNS COMES THIS SUMMER IN THE
1055
00:44:09,400 --> 00:44:10,080
DIVERSITY PROGRAM.
1056
00:44:10,080 --> 00:44:13,520
VIRGINIA HAS MATCHED THEM WITH
1057
00:44:13,520 --> 00:44:17,520
INVESTIGATIVE GROUPS NOW AND WE
1058
00:44:17,520 --> 00:44:19,760
HOPE NEXT YEAR WE CAN EXPAND ON
1059
00:44:19,760 --> 00:44:23,280
THAT TO ONE TO TWO-YEAR
1060
00:44:23,280 --> 00:44:23,920
INTERNSHIPS FOR COLLEGE GRADS IN
1061
00:44:23,920 --> 00:44:28,480
THE SAME PROGRAM.
1062
00:44:28,480 --> 00:44:30,040
SO TO ME THAT'S A STEP.
1063
00:44:30,040 --> 00:44:34,200
IF WE NEED TO GROW OUR OWN, WE
1064
00:44:34,200 --> 00:44:35,400
BETTER START GROWING NOW.
1065
00:44:35,400 --> 00:44:36,840
WHILE WE FIND OTHER STRATEGY WE
1066
00:44:36,840 --> 00:44:39,120
CAN AT LEAST START BRINGING
1067
00:44:39,120 --> 00:44:42,040
PEOPLE IN AND LET THEM SEE HOW
1068
00:44:42,040 --> 00:44:43,320
EXCITING THE RESEARCH WE SUPPORT
1069
00:44:43,320 --> 00:44:44,160
HERE IS.
1070
00:44:44,160 --> 00:44:46,360
SPEAKING FOR THE SUMMER BROADLY
1071
00:44:46,360 --> 00:44:49,720
FOR 2022, WE HAVE FOUR INTERNS
1072
00:44:49,720 --> 00:44:53,720
THAT WILL BE SPONSORED BY THE
1073
00:44:53,720 --> 00:44:54,760
NIH INTRAMURAL PROGRAM.
1074
00:44:54,760 --> 00:45:02,520
WE HAVE FIVE DDSI, DATA SCIENCE
1075
00:45:02,520 --> 00:45:04,520
DIVERSITY INTERNS AND SUMMER
1076
00:45:04,520 --> 00:45:05,120
INTERNS AS WELL.
1077
00:45:05,120 --> 00:45:11,240
THAT'S 23 PEOPLE WE'LL HAVE HERE
1078
00:45:11,240 --> 00:45:17,880
WE HOPE TO ENGAGE IN A WAY THAT
1079
00:45:17,880 --> 00:45:20,280
KEEPS THEM COMING BACK IN THIS
1080
00:45:20,280 --> 00:45:21,720
AREA OF COMPUTATIONAL HEALTH
1081
00:45:21,720 --> 00:45:22,000
RESEARCH.
1082
00:45:22,000 --> 00:45:25,880
WE HAVE AN INCREASE IN THE OF
1083
00:45:25,880 --> 00:45:28,760
FEMALE TRAINEES THIS YEAR OVER
1084
00:45:28,760 --> 00:45:33,160
LAST YEAR.
1085
00:45:33,160 --> 00:45:34,120
THAT'S ANOTHER PLUS.
1086
00:45:34,120 --> 00:45:36,320
AND TO THE TIME THING I WANTED
1087
00:45:36,320 --> 00:45:38,880
TO MENTION IS THE BUILDING BACK
1088
00:45:38,880 --> 00:45:39,080
THERE.
1089
00:45:39,080 --> 00:45:41,320
WE'RE POPULATING THE NINTH FLOOR
1090
00:45:41,320 --> 00:45:43,640
OF THE BUILDING 38A.
1091
00:45:43,640 --> 00:45:46,520
THE TOWER BEHIND NLM OR NEXT TO
1092
00:45:46,520 --> 00:45:50,320
NLM DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU'RE
1093
00:45:50,320 --> 00:45:55,880
STANDING AND THE NINTH FLOOR
1094
00:45:55,880 --> 00:45:59,640
WILL BE THE CENTER FOR OUR
1095
00:45:59,640 --> 00:46:05,200
INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR
1096
00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:07,000
GUIDANCE AND TO BE A SHOWCASE
1097
00:46:07,000 --> 00:46:08,600
AND THE TRAINING COORDINATOR AND
1098
00:46:08,600 --> 00:46:09,880
OUR OFFICE STAFF WILL BE LOCATED
1099
00:46:09,880 --> 00:46:12,840
THERE AND IN FACT MY OFFICE IS
1100
00:46:12,840 --> 00:46:13,960
LOCATED THERE RIGHT NOW THOUGH
1101
00:46:13,960 --> 00:46:15,360
I'M THE ONLY PERSON ON THE
1102
00:46:15,360 --> 00:46:15,560
FLOOR.
1103
00:46:15,560 --> 00:46:20,520
MORE WILL COME.
1104
00:46:20,520 --> 00:46:27,400
WE INTEND TO HAVE A MIX OF
1105
00:46:27,400 --> 00:46:29,160
TRAINEES AND THEY'RE LOCATED ON
1106
00:46:29,160 --> 00:46:31,200
SEVERAL OTHER FLOORS BELOW US IN
1107
00:46:31,200 --> 00:46:35,480
THE BUILDING AND SO WE WILL
1108
00:46:35,480 --> 00:46:36,840
BRING THEM TOGETHER AND ALSO I
1109
00:46:36,840 --> 00:46:44,560
HAVE TO GO BACK FOR A SECOND.
1110
00:46:44,560 --> 00:46:46,840
I MISSED A SLIDE AND THIS SLIDE,
1111
00:46:46,840 --> 00:46:49,280
DR. MICHAEL CHANG THE DIRECTOR
1112
00:46:49,280 --> 00:46:54,280
OF THE NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE
1113
00:46:54,280 --> 00:46:57,720
WILL HAVE HIS LAB ON THE NINTH
1114
00:46:57,720 --> 00:47:03,040
FLOOR BECAUSE PATTI HAS A
1115
00:47:03,040 --> 00:47:04,320
RESEARCH LAB IN THE NURSING
1116
00:47:04,320 --> 00:47:05,240
INSTITUTE AND DR. CHANG IS
1117
00:47:05,240 --> 00:47:06,600
PUTTING HIS LAB IN OUR SPACE.
1118
00:47:06,600 --> 00:47:12,520
WE'RE VERY EXCITED ABOUT THAT
1119
00:47:12,520 --> 00:47:18,160
BECAUSE HIS AREA IS ARTIFICIAL
1120
00:47:18,160 --> 00:47:20,400
INTELLIGENCE DIAGNOSIS AND
1121
00:47:20,400 --> 00:47:22,040
ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS AND
1122
00:47:22,040 --> 00:47:23,800
THINKING ABOUT REAL WORLD CARE
1123
00:47:23,800 --> 00:47:26,560
FOR MEDICALLY UNDER SERVED AREAS
1124
00:47:26,560 --> 00:47:30,120
IS DEFINITELY RIGHT IN OUR SWEET
1125
00:47:30,120 --> 00:47:32,600
SPOT, SO TO SPEAK.
1126
00:47:32,600 --> 00:47:35,080
SO ON THIS FLOOR, THIS IS OUR
1127
00:47:35,080 --> 00:47:37,320
CONCEPT MAP FOR THE FLOOR.
1128
00:47:37,320 --> 00:47:38,040
RIGHT NOW THE CORNER THING
1129
00:47:38,040 --> 00:47:42,040
CALLED SD IS THE ONE PLACE I SIT
1130
00:47:42,040 --> 00:47:45,040
THERE ONCE A WEEK AND WE ARE
1131
00:47:45,040 --> 00:47:47,720
BEGINNING TO GET ROOM NUMBERS
1132
00:47:47,720 --> 00:47:49,120
FOR THE REST.
1133
00:47:49,120 --> 00:47:52,160
WE HAVE ABOUT EIGHT OFFICES AND
1134
00:47:52,160 --> 00:47:56,120
34 OR 40 CUBICLES ON THE FLOOR.
1135
00:47:56,120 --> 00:47:57,720
WE ENVISION THIS KIND OF MIX.
1136
00:47:57,720 --> 00:48:02,080
NOT EXACTLY WHAT YOU SEE BUT
1137
00:48:02,080 --> 00:48:03,920
SOMETHING LIKE THIS.
1138
00:48:03,920 --> 00:48:06,120
WE'LL HAVE PEOPLE FROM THE
1139
00:48:06,120 --> 00:48:09,920
COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY BRANCH AND
1140
00:48:09,920 --> 00:48:12,000
PEOPLE FROM THE COMPUTATIONAL
1141
00:48:12,000 --> 00:48:13,440
RESEARCH BRANCH AND MAY SIT IN
1142
00:48:13,440 --> 00:48:17,520
CLUMPS OR MAY MIX.
1143
00:48:17,520 --> 00:48:19,480
WE KNOW WE CAN FOSTER CROSS-TALK
1144
00:48:19,480 --> 00:48:21,920
THIS WAY EASIER THAN PEOPLE
1145
00:48:21,920 --> 00:48:27,920
SEARCHING FOR PEOPLE.
1146
00:48:27,920 --> 00:48:29,800
WE'LL HAVE A NEW INVESTIGATOR IN
1147
00:48:29,800 --> 00:48:31,880
THE COMPUTATIONAL HEALTH
1148
00:48:31,880 --> 00:48:33,440
RESEARCH BRANCH IN JUNE.
1149
00:48:33,440 --> 00:48:42,280
HE'LL BE LOCATED UP HERE TOO.
1150
00:48:42,280 --> 00:48:44,560
WE'RE STARTING TO MOVE IN A
1151
00:48:44,560 --> 00:48:46,680
GROUP FROM THE COMPUTATIONAL
1152
00:48:46,680 --> 00:48:48,720
HEALTH RESEARCH BRANCH AS SOON
1153
00:48:48,720 --> 00:48:50,440
AS WE GET ROOM NUMBERS SO THEY
1154
00:48:50,440 --> 00:48:52,120
CAN PUT IT IN THEIR ADDRESSES.
1155
00:48:52,120 --> 00:48:55,440
THAT'S REALLY EVERYTHING I
1156
00:48:55,440 --> 00:48:56,640
WANTED TO TALK ABOUT WITH YOU.
1157
00:48:56,640 --> 00:48:58,560
I'M HAPPY TO ANSWER QUESTIONS IF
1158
00:48:58,560 --> 00:49:01,480
YOU HAVE THEM OR TAKE YOUR
1159
00:49:01,480 --> 00:49:03,640
SUGGESTIONS IF YOU WANT TO GIVE
1160
00:49:03,640 --> 00:49:07,520
THEM TO US ABOUT THE BEST WAYS.
1161
00:49:07,520 --> 00:49:12,040
THIS SAY CHALLENGING THING.
1162
00:49:12,040 --> 00:49:13,920
PATTY TOLD ABOUT UNITE AND REEP.
1163
00:49:13,920 --> 00:49:17,440
IT'S A CHALLENGING THING TO TRY
1164
00:49:17,440 --> 00:49:19,560
AND DRAW PEOPLE INTO A FIELD
1165
00:49:19,560 --> 00:49:23,080
WHEN WE HAVE TO REACH HARDER FOR
1166
00:49:23,080 --> 00:49:23,800
THEM THAN IN THE PAST SO WE'RE
1167
00:49:23,800 --> 00:49:32,120
TRYING.
1168
00:49:32,120 --> 00:49:34,560
OKAY.
1169
00:49:34,560 --> 00:49:38,360
ANY QUESTIONS?
1170
00:49:38,360 --> 00:49:41,360
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH AND GOOD
1171
00:49:41,360 --> 00:49:42,560
TO SEE YOU.
1172
00:49:42,560 --> 00:49:46,520
I AGREE WITH YOU WHOLEHEARTEDLY.
1173
00:49:46,520 --> 00:49:48,160
I'M EXCITED ABOUT WHAT YOU'RE
1174
00:49:48,160 --> 00:49:50,200
DOING TO DIVERSIFY THE PIPELINE.
1175
00:49:50,200 --> 00:49:53,760
IT'S DEFINITELY DIFFICULT TO
1176
00:49:53,760 --> 00:49:54,720
DIVERSIFY WHEN THE PIPELINE
1177
00:49:54,720 --> 00:50:01,280
ISN'T THAT DIVERSE.
1178
00:50:01,280 --> 00:50:07,720
I'M CURIOUS WHAT THE PLANS ARE
1179
00:50:07,720 --> 00:50:09,360
TO INCREASE THE VISIBILITY
1180
00:50:09,360 --> 00:50:11,000
BEYOND THE HBCUs.
1181
00:50:11,000 --> 00:50:15,240
EVERYBODY MAY HAVE CANDIDATES.
1182
00:50:15,240 --> 00:50:18,040
>> AND WE STARTED WITH A
1183
00:50:18,040 --> 00:50:18,600
TARGETED FOCUS.
1184
00:50:18,600 --> 00:50:24,960
AFTER ALL, IT WAS OUR FIRST
1185
00:50:24,960 --> 00:50:26,520
TIME.
1186
00:50:26,520 --> 00:50:28,000
THERE'S MANY MINORITY SERVING
1187
00:50:28,000 --> 00:50:29,120
INSTITUTIONS AND OTHER
1188
00:50:29,120 --> 00:50:29,880
INSTITUTIONS.
1189
00:50:29,880 --> 00:50:35,720
WE'LL DEFINITELY BE BROADER IN
1190
00:50:35,720 --> 00:50:37,640
OUR SCOPE I DON'T KNOW IF
1191
00:50:37,640 --> 00:50:40,000
VIRGINIA WANTS TO COMMENT ON
1192
00:50:40,000 --> 00:50:40,320
THAT.
1193
00:50:40,320 --> 00:50:42,440
VIRGINIA IS THE PERSON WHO
1194
00:50:42,440 --> 00:50:46,520
LAUNCHED THIS FOR US.
1195
00:50:46,520 --> 00:50:48,120
DO YOU WANT TO SAY MORE ABOUT
1196
00:50:48,120 --> 00:50:56,720
HOW WE CAN REACH OUT FURTHER?
1197
00:50:56,720 --> 00:50:57,680
VALERIE MENTIONED CONFERENCES
1198
00:50:57,680 --> 00:50:58,880
BUT WE HAVE SEVERAL OTHERS NOW
1199
00:50:58,880 --> 00:51:06,600
WE CAN ATTEMPT THOSE IN PERSON.
1200
00:51:06,600 --> 00:51:09,440
WE'RE HOPING TO SPREAD THE WORD
1201
00:51:09,440 --> 00:51:11,760
AND THERE'S SO MANY INSTITUTIONS
1202
00:51:11,760 --> 00:51:14,520
WITHIN A 10-MILE RADIUS OF NIH
1203
00:51:14,520 --> 00:51:19,800
AND I THINK BY BRINGING PEOPLE
1204
00:51:19,800 --> 00:51:22,360
IN WHOA DON'T HAVE TO WORRY
1205
00:51:22,360 --> 00:51:24,680
ABOUT MOVING OR THINGS THAT ARE
1206
00:51:24,680 --> 00:51:27,440
STRESSFUL TO TAKE AN INTERNSHIP
1207
00:51:27,440 --> 00:51:32,680
WILL HELP GET MORE PEOPLE TO USE
1208
00:51:32,680 --> 00:51:34,520
THE RESOURCES IN THEIR OWN LOCAL
1209
00:51:34,520 --> 00:51:35,000
AREA.
1210
00:51:35,000 --> 00:51:38,520
>> OKAY.
1211
00:51:38,520 --> 00:51:40,320
THAT'S A GOOD POINT.
1212
00:51:40,320 --> 00:51:41,720
IT WOULD BE GOOD TO COLLECT THE
1213
00:51:41,720 --> 00:51:43,000
RESOURCES AND MAKE THEIR
1214
00:51:43,000 --> 00:51:43,720
AWARENESS A BROADER THING.
1215
00:51:43,720 --> 00:51:46,240
I AGREE IT MAY BE HARDER OR
1216
00:51:46,240 --> 00:51:55,320
DISCOURAGING FOR PEOPLE.
1217
00:51:55,320 --> 00:51:57,000
WE HAVE THE WEBSITE AND
1218
00:51:57,000 --> 00:51:58,160
COMMUNICATION STAFF.
1219
00:51:58,160 --> 00:52:00,680
WE STARTED IN THE MOST FOCUSSED
1220
00:52:00,680 --> 00:52:02,800
WAY AND WE'LL LEARNING SOMETHING
1221
00:52:02,800 --> 00:52:04,600
THIS YEAR TOO ABOUT WHAT ELSE WE
1222
00:52:04,600 --> 00:52:06,520
NEED TO DO MAKE IT A GOOD
1223
00:52:06,520 --> 00:52:13,680
EXPERIENCE FOR THEM AS WELL.
1224
00:52:13,680 --> 00:52:17,560
YOU MAY BE ABLE TO LEVERAGE THE
1225
00:52:17,560 --> 00:52:17,920
VIDEO.
1226
00:52:17,920 --> 00:52:26,360
>> WE HAVE AWESOME VIDEOS.
1227
00:52:26,360 --> 00:52:27,880
THAT'S ONE OF THE GREAT THINGS
1228
00:52:27,880 --> 00:52:29,840
THE COMMUNICATION PEOPLE HAVE
1229
00:52:29,840 --> 00:52:35,920
DONE AND WE HAVE A BUNCH OF
1230
00:52:35,920 --> 00:52:41,200
SLIDES TO TRY TO BRING THE
1231
00:52:41,200 --> 00:52:44,240
LANGUAGE TO PEOPLE WHO AREN'T
1232
00:52:44,240 --> 00:52:59,160
Ph.D.s AND PHYSICS.
1233
00:52:59,160 --> 00:53:00,840
>> I'M A FIRM BELIEVER YOU NEED
1234
00:53:00,840 --> 00:53:07,640
TO REACH DOWN AND TRAIN EARLIER.
1235
00:53:07,640 --> 00:53:19,600
IDEALLY, THERE'S NOT UNLIMITED
1236
00:53:19,600 --> 00:53:19,880
RESOURCES.
1237
00:53:19,880 --> 00:53:27,720
I HAVE THE HONOR OF RUNNING THE
1238
00:53:27,720 --> 00:53:30,840
PROGRAM AS A DIVERSITY
1239
00:53:30,840 --> 00:53:31,280
SUPPLEMENT.
1240
00:53:31,280 --> 00:53:33,200
THERE'S A LOT I HAVE LEARNED I
1241
00:53:33,200 --> 00:53:35,280
CAN SHARE.
1242
00:53:35,280 --> 00:53:38,280
WE HAVE RIGHT NOW NINE DIVERSITY
1243
00:53:38,280 --> 00:53:40,600
STUDENTS FROM ACROSS THE NATION
1244
00:53:40,600 --> 00:53:45,240
EVEN FROM HAWAI'I.
1245
00:53:45,240 --> 00:53:46,960
AND WE HAVE A DISTANCE ONE.
1246
00:53:46,960 --> 00:53:47,720
IT'S ALL REMOTE.
1247
00:53:47,720 --> 00:53:49,960
I THOUGHT IT WAS NOT GOING TO
1248
00:53:49,960 --> 00:53:51,720
WORK BUT IT'S WORKED WELL.
1249
00:53:51,720 --> 00:53:52,200
ONE IMPORTANT THING IS
1250
00:53:52,200 --> 00:53:55,680
MENTORSHIP.
1251
00:53:55,680 --> 00:53:58,720
I HAVE A STAFF SCIENTIST MENTOR
1252
00:53:58,720 --> 00:54:00,080
TWO STUDENTS AND THEY MEET WITH
1253
00:54:00,080 --> 00:54:03,880
THEM EVERY WEEK AND THEY HAVE
1254
00:54:03,880 --> 00:54:05,120
THEIR OWN RESEARCH PROJECT AND
1255
00:54:05,120 --> 00:54:05,920
SO ON.
1256
00:54:05,920 --> 00:54:07,800
THERE'S SEVERAL THINGS I THINK
1257
00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:10,240
HAVE WORKED WELL AND THEY'LL BE
1258
00:54:10,240 --> 00:54:10,960
PUBLISHING THEIR MAERPS AT THE
1259
00:54:10,960 --> 00:54:11,920
END OF THIS EXPERIENCE WHICH IS
1260
00:54:11,920 --> 00:54:16,960
IN JUNE OR SO.
1261
00:54:16,960 --> 00:54:18,760
IT'S DEFINITELY THE WAY TO GO.
1262
00:54:18,760 --> 00:54:23,440
THEY NEED THE PUSH AND WE HAVE
1263
00:54:23,440 --> 00:54:25,880
UNDERGRADUATES AND I HAVE SOME
1264
00:54:25,880 --> 00:54:26,520
MASTER STUDENTS.
1265
00:54:26,520 --> 00:54:28,120
ALL CONSIDERING FURTHER STUDYING
1266
00:54:28,120 --> 00:54:32,320
AND GOING FOR Ph.D.s AND SO ON.
1267
00:54:32,320 --> 00:54:35,000
I SEE THE EFFECT AND IF THE NLM
1268
00:54:35,000 --> 00:54:38,520
WERE TO DO IT DIRECTLY IT WOULD
1269
00:54:38,520 --> 00:54:44,720
BE AN EXCELLENT PROGRAM.
1270
00:54:44,720 --> 00:54:47,320
AND COMING FROM COMPUTER
1271
00:54:47,320 --> 00:54:50,040
SCIENCE, THERE'S A LARGE INFLUX
1272
00:54:50,040 --> 00:54:55,880
OF PEOPLE PARTICIPATING IN
1273
00:54:55,880 --> 00:54:58,440
PROGRAMMING CONTEST OR ACM,
1274
00:54:58,440 --> 00:55:00,160
ASSOCIATION OF COMPUTER
1275
00:55:00,160 --> 00:55:02,520
MACHINERY EVERY YEAR THEY
1276
00:55:02,520 --> 00:55:05,120
ORGANIZE A DIFFERENT CONFERENCE
1277
00:55:05,120 --> 00:55:06,320
AND STUDENTS PARTICIPATE AND
1278
00:55:06,320 --> 00:55:07,400
THERE'S A NATIONAL WINNER.
1279
00:55:07,400 --> 00:55:14,240
THE WINNER FROM EACH OF THE
1280
00:55:14,240 --> 00:55:14,800
INDIVIDUAL CONFERENCES AND
1281
00:55:14,800 --> 00:55:15,880
STUDENTS COMPETE AND PRESENT
1282
00:55:15,880 --> 00:55:18,200
THEIR POSTERS AND PROJECTS AND
1283
00:55:18,200 --> 00:55:20,480
WIN AND THEN THEY COMPETE AT THE
1284
00:55:20,480 --> 00:55:21,680
NATIONAL LEVEL THE WINNERS OF
1285
00:55:21,680 --> 00:55:23,760
EACH OF THE CONFERENCES.
1286
00:55:23,760 --> 00:55:26,520
SO IT'S A MECHANISM THAT HAS
1287
00:55:26,520 --> 00:55:32,520
WORKED AND COULD BRING IN VERY
1288
00:55:32,520 --> 00:55:35,600
TALENTED PEOPLE AND COULD BE AN
1289
00:55:35,600 --> 00:55:37,920
EXTRA MOTIVATION FOR THEM.
1290
00:55:37,920 --> 00:55:39,560
>> THANK YOU.
1291
00:55:39,560 --> 00:55:41,360
WE TAKE COPIOUS NOTES.
1292
00:55:41,360 --> 00:55:44,720
>> I KNOW IT'S RECORDED.
1293
00:55:44,720 --> 00:55:49,120
IT'S ALL SPONSORED BY THE NLM.
1294
00:55:49,120 --> 00:55:50,960
>> VALERIE, IF YOU HAVE AN
1295
00:55:50,960 --> 00:55:55,800
OPPORTUNITY TO TALK ABOUT THIS
1296
00:55:55,800 --> 00:56:06,680
THIS AFTERNOON.
1297
00:56:06,680 --> 00:56:10,560
>> DR. ZIANG, GO AHEAD AND USE
1298
00:56:10,560 --> 00:56:12,800
THE ORIGINAL 30 MINUTES YOU HAD
1299
00:56:12,800 --> 00:56:14,560
AND WE'LL SHIFT THINGS BY FIVE
1300
00:56:14,560 --> 00:56:29,760
MINUTES.
1301
00:56:29,760 --> 00:56:32,320
YOU ARE MUTED.
1302
00:56:32,320 --> 00:56:38,960
>> I'M DR. JIANG AND I JOINED IN
1303
00:56:38,960 --> 00:56:42,280
2019 AND TODAY I'LL BE
1304
00:56:42,280 --> 00:56:46,520
PRESENTING MY PURCHASE ON
1305
00:56:46,520 --> 00:56:47,680
COMPARATIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF
1306
00:56:47,680 --> 00:56:53,800
MICROBIOME AND SARS COV2.
1307
00:56:53,800 --> 00:56:55,320
WE HAVE MASSIVE AMOUNT OF DATA
1308
00:56:55,320 --> 00:57:06,520
GENERATED.
1309
00:57:06,520 --> 00:57:11,720
WE'RE TAKING ACTION.
1310
00:57:11,720 --> 00:57:16,680
EVEN THOUGH WE HAVE GENOMIC
1311
00:57:16,680 --> 00:57:20,640
SEQUENCE WE DON'T KNOW MUCH
1312
00:57:20,640 --> 00:57:21,920
FUNCTION OF HOW THE BACTERIA
1313
00:57:21,920 --> 00:57:22,160
PERFORM.
1314
00:57:22,160 --> 00:57:26,800
MY LAB IS WORKING TO ADDRESS THE
1315
00:57:26,800 --> 00:57:29,400
FUNCTION IN BACTERIA BY LOOKING
1316
00:57:29,400 --> 00:57:30,840
AT COMPARATIVE GENOMICS.
1317
00:57:30,840 --> 00:57:35,760
THE GOAL IS TO IMPROVE OUR
1318
00:57:35,760 --> 00:57:40,840
UNDERSTANDING OF THE MICROBIOME
1319
00:57:40,840 --> 00:57:41,760
AND USING COMPETITIONAL
1320
00:57:41,760 --> 00:57:50,520
APPROACHES.
1321
00:57:50,520 --> 00:58:03,520
I HAVE FOUR POST-DOCS IN MY LAB.
1322
00:58:03,520 --> 00:58:22,560
WE WROTE MANUSCRIPTS.
1323
00:58:22,560 --> 00:58:28,480
WE HAVE PROJECTS AND MY FOCUSES
1324
00:58:28,480 --> 00:58:32,320
ON ANALYSIS AND LOOKING AT
1325
00:58:32,320 --> 00:58:34,560
COVID-19 PANDEMIC.
1326
00:58:34,560 --> 00:58:39,120
WE SHIFTED OUR EFFORT TO
1327
00:58:39,120 --> 00:58:39,360
COVID-19.
1328
00:58:39,360 --> 00:58:41,760
I'LL FOCUS ON THE THREE PROJECTS
1329
00:58:41,760 --> 00:58:56,120
HIGHLIGHTED HERE.
1330
00:58:56,120 --> 00:59:00,200
WE HAVE A TOOL TO CATEGORIZE THE
1331
00:59:00,200 --> 00:59:02,200
PRESENCE ACROSS THE GENOMES.
1332
00:59:02,200 --> 00:59:05,520
THE GRAPH SHOWS AN OVERVIEW OF
1333
00:59:05,520 --> 00:59:11,800
THE FUNCTION PROFILE FRAMEWORK.
1334
00:59:11,800 --> 00:59:16,920
FIRST WE KNOW THIS CONTRIBUTE TO
1335
00:59:16,920 --> 00:59:17,560
HEALTH.
1336
00:59:17,560 --> 00:59:26,560
AND WE LOOKED AT OUR DATABASE.
1337
00:59:26,560 --> 00:59:29,800
WE TRANSMITTED THE GENE TO
1338
00:59:29,800 --> 00:59:37,200
MEASURE COMPUTATIONALLY.
1339
00:59:37,200 --> 00:59:42,560
WE RETRIEVED THEM FROM PUBLIC
1340
00:59:42,560 --> 00:59:47,600
DATABASES AND LOOKED AT GENES.
1341
00:59:47,600 --> 00:59:49,240
WE ALSO NEED TO CURATE THE
1342
00:59:49,240 --> 00:59:53,760
FUNCTION AND PATHWAYS TO ENSURE
1343
00:59:53,760 --> 01:00:01,920
THE ACCURACY.
1344
01:00:01,920 --> 01:00:08,040
WE HAVE FUNCTIONAL BACTERIA.
1345
01:00:08,040 --> 01:00:12,560
AND WE LOOK AT THE FUNCTION
1346
01:00:12,560 --> 01:00:14,520
PROFILE AND LOOKED AT THE GENE
1347
01:00:14,520 --> 01:00:22,520
AND PATHWAY IS PRESENT AND WHAT
1348
01:00:22,520 --> 01:00:27,000
IS THE ASSOCIATION TO DISEASE.
1349
01:00:27,000 --> 01:00:34,520
THIS IS OUR INITIAL PREDICTION.
1350
01:00:34,520 --> 01:00:40,040
SOME LOOKED AT THE MICROBIOME.
1351
01:00:40,040 --> 01:00:46,520
IT THIS LOOKS AT THE PATHWAYS
1352
01:00:46,520 --> 01:00:53,000
AND WE CAN USE SYNTHESIS.
1353
01:00:53,000 --> 01:00:57,800
THESE ARE ONES WHERE WE KNOW THE
1354
01:00:57,800 --> 01:00:58,400
GENETIC BASIS AS WELL AS THE
1355
01:00:58,400 --> 01:01:15,920
MECHANISM.
1356
01:01:15,920 --> 01:01:17,040
HISTAMINE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT
1357
01:01:17,040 --> 01:01:19,000
ROLE AS A CHEMICAL MESSENGER IN
1358
01:01:19,000 --> 01:01:23,720
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.
1359
01:01:23,720 --> 01:01:38,520
IT PRODUCES A RESPONSE.
1360
01:01:38,520 --> 01:01:45,680
AND THIS STUDY SHOWS IT
1361
01:01:45,680 --> 01:01:46,520
INCREASES THE ASSOCIATION WITH
1362
01:01:46,520 --> 01:01:55,640
DISEASE.
1363
01:01:55,640 --> 01:01:57,120
IT CAN AFFECT DISEASE SUCH AS
1364
01:01:57,120 --> 01:01:58,520
ASTHMA.
1365
01:01:58,520 --> 01:02:00,720
HOWEVER, WE DON'T KNOW WHICH
1366
01:02:00,720 --> 01:02:06,520
BACTERIA IS CAPABLE OF HISTAMINE
1367
01:02:06,520 --> 01:02:06,760
SECRETION.
1368
01:02:06,760 --> 01:02:08,360
AND WE FIRST NEEDED TO
1369
01:02:08,360 --> 01:02:19,160
UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISM.
1370
01:02:19,160 --> 01:02:23,120
HIS
1371
01:02:23,120 --> 01:02:28,120
HISTIDINE IS NEEDED TO PERFORM
1372
01:02:28,120 --> 01:02:33,760
THE FUNCTION AND THEY WORK
1373
01:02:33,760 --> 01:02:34,400
TOGETHER.
1374
01:02:34,400 --> 01:02:40,760
SO TWO TYPES OF THE
1375
01:02:40,760 --> 01:02:41,720
DECARBOXYLASE TURNED IT INTO A
1376
01:02:41,720 --> 01:02:53,160
FUNCTIONAL MODEL.
1377
01:02:53,160 --> 01:02:57,000
WE LOOKED AT THE SPECIES AND
1378
01:02:57,000 --> 01:03:02,520
THEY DISTRIBUTE AND EXPAND THE
1379
01:03:02,520 --> 01:03:11,760
HISTAMINE BACTERIA.
1380
01:03:11,760 --> 01:03:15,320
THIS HETEROGENEITY WAS OBSERVED
1381
01:03:15,320 --> 01:03:20,280
AND WE LOOKED AT DIFFERENT
1382
01:03:20,280 --> 01:03:21,400
CONFIGURATIONS ADDITIONAL GENES
1383
01:03:21,400 --> 01:03:26,440
AND COPIES OF THE SAME GENES.
1384
01:03:26,440 --> 01:03:34,720
AND THIS FORMS THE COMPONENT OF
1385
01:03:34,720 --> 01:03:45,400
THE SYSTEM AND IN THIS SYSTEM,
1386
01:03:45,400 --> 01:03:50,120
THE DECARBOXYLASE AND PART OF
1387
01:03:50,120 --> 01:03:52,880
THIS AND THIS IS PASSED IN AND
1388
01:03:52,880 --> 01:03:59,200
OUT OF THE CORRESPONDING AMINO
1389
01:03:59,200 --> 01:03:59,560
ACIDS.
1390
01:03:59,560 --> 01:04:17,600
NEXT WE LOOKED AT TO THE DATA
1391
01:04:17,600 --> 01:04:25,440
AND WE PERFORMED THE ANALYSIS.
1392
01:04:25,440 --> 01:04:28,120
WE LOOKED AT THE HISTAMINES
1393
01:04:28,120 --> 01:04:30,520
SECRETED IN PATIENT WITH IN
1394
01:04:30,520 --> 01:04:34,160
FLAMED BOWEL DISEASE AND
1395
01:04:34,160 --> 01:04:36,200
COLORECTAL CANCER AND THERE'S AN
1396
01:04:36,200 --> 01:04:41,760
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BACTERIA AND
1397
01:04:41,760 --> 01:04:47,520
INFLAMED BOWEL DISEASE WHEN WE
1398
01:04:47,520 --> 01:04:51,920
LOOKED AT IBD THERE'S NOT ONE
1399
01:04:51,920 --> 01:04:56,480
CONTRIBUTION ON THIS.
1400
01:04:56,480 --> 01:05:02,520
IN SUMMARY, WE LOOK AT THE
1401
01:05:02,520 --> 01:05:05,720
HISTAMINE SECRETED BACTERIA AND
1402
01:05:05,720 --> 01:05:10,120
WE FOUND A HISTAMINE BACTERIA
1403
01:05:10,120 --> 01:05:17,440
WHICH MAN TESTED INTO THE PACKET
1404
01:05:17,440 --> 01:05:18,760
FOR IMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASE.
1405
01:05:18,760 --> 01:05:20,840
THIS WRAPS UP MY FIRST PROJECT.
1406
01:05:20,840 --> 01:05:25,040
NOW I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT THE
1407
01:05:25,040 --> 01:05:28,320
SECOND PROJECT, BACTERIA ON THE
1408
01:05:28,320 --> 01:05:33,280
GI TRACT.
1409
01:05:33,280 --> 01:05:43,320
WE KNOW THE FUNCTIONS.
1410
01:05:43,320 --> 01:05:45,760
WE STAY TUNED OF STUDIED AND
1411
01:05:45,760 --> 01:05:52,440
TRIED TO FIND THE BACTERIA FUNGI
1412
01:05:52,440 --> 01:05:55,280
FOR ADAPTATION.
1413
01:05:55,280 --> 01:05:57,400
AND LOOKING AT THE GASTROIN TES
1414
01:05:57,400 --> 01:05:58,520
AND WE WANT TO ADDRESS THE
1415
01:05:58,520 --> 01:06:08,280
FOLLOWING THREE QUESTIONS.
1416
01:06:08,280 --> 01:06:13,080
WHAT FUNCTION CLADES ARE THE
1417
01:06:13,080 --> 01:06:16,120
VERTEBRATE OF THE G.I. TRACT
1418
01:06:16,120 --> 01:06:18,120
ADAPTED CLADE AND WHAT GENE
1419
01:06:18,120 --> 01:06:23,440
FUNCTIONS MIGHT CONFER THIS
1420
01:06:23,440 --> 01:06:29,320
ADAPTATION AND WE LOOKED AT THE
1421
01:06:29,320 --> 01:06:32,440
BACTERIA AND THIS PRESENTS THE
1422
01:06:32,440 --> 01:06:38,160
TAXONOMY AND NEXT WE PERFORMED
1423
01:06:38,160 --> 01:06:39,720
THE ANNOTATION OF THE SPECIES
1424
01:06:39,720 --> 01:06:46,440
AND LOOK AT THE MIAMI --
1425
01:06:46,440 --> 01:06:52,120
MICROBIA AND WE LOOKED AT THE
1426
01:06:52,120 --> 01:06:56,080
FIVE CATEGORIES.
1427
01:06:56,080 --> 01:07:05,200
AND WE PERFORMED THE
1428
01:07:05,200 --> 01:07:09,560
CONSTRUCTION USING THIS AND THIS
1429
01:07:09,560 --> 01:07:22,560
SHOWS THE DISTRIBUTION AND
1430
01:07:22,560 --> 01:07:29,800
PREDICTOR.
1431
01:07:29,800 --> 01:07:34,600
AND THIS IS LIKELY FROM AN
1432
01:07:34,600 --> 01:07:37,560
ANCESTOR AND THEY'RE IDENTIFIED
1433
01:07:37,560 --> 01:07:38,520
IN THE ACTION.
1434
01:07:38,520 --> 01:07:46,520
THEY'RE PREDICTED TO HAVE
1435
01:07:46,520 --> 01:07:49,680
ORIGINATED IN CLADES AND THIS IS
1436
01:07:49,680 --> 01:07:58,080
PREDICTED TO HAVE ORIGINATED.
1437
01:07:58,080 --> 01:07:59,800
NOW WE WANT TO INVESTIGATE WHAT
1438
01:07:59,800 --> 01:08:01,240
IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATIENT
1439
01:08:01,240 --> 01:08:03,520
AND THE G.I. TRACT.
1440
01:08:03,520 --> 01:08:10,560
WE ANNOTATED GENOMES OF SPECIES
1441
01:08:10,560 --> 01:08:13,840
AND LOOKED AT GROUPS.
1442
01:08:13,840 --> 01:08:17,840
WE PERFORMED THE REGRESSION
1443
01:08:17,840 --> 01:08:19,960
ANALYSIS WITH A FUNCTION TO LOOK
1444
01:08:19,960 --> 01:08:23,720
AT THE GENETIC SIGNAL FROM THE
1445
01:08:23,720 --> 01:08:26,560
REGRESSION ANALYSIS.
1446
01:08:26,560 --> 01:08:29,840
AND THIS IS ONE EXAMPLE.
1447
01:08:29,840 --> 01:08:35,840
SOME ARE CORRELATED WITH OUR
1448
01:08:35,840 --> 01:08:46,520
ADAPTATION AND WE LOOKED AT THE
1449
01:08:46,520 --> 01:08:48,520
ANALYSIS AND THIS IS ASSOCIATED
1450
01:08:48,520 --> 01:08:53,040
WITH A G.I. PATIENT.
1451
01:08:53,040 --> 01:08:54,520
AND THIS IS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR
1452
01:08:54,520 --> 01:08:58,520
TO HOST ADHERENCE.
1453
01:08:58,520 --> 01:09:02,520
THIS IS INTERESTING.
1454
01:09:02,520 --> 01:09:05,800
MANY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE
1455
01:09:05,800 --> 01:09:10,960
HABITAT AND THIS INCLUDES THE
1456
01:09:10,960 --> 01:09:15,520
GENE
1457
01:09:15,520 --> 01:09:26,480
GENES AND WE SHOWED WHAT IS
1458
01:09:26,480 --> 01:09:27,600
ASSOCIATED WITH THE HOST G.I.
1459
01:09:27,600 --> 01:09:32,880
TRACT.
1460
01:09:32,880 --> 01:09:38,680
THE GRAPH ON THE LEFT SHOWS IT'S
1461
01:09:38,680 --> 01:09:42,720
MAPPED TO THE PHYLOGENETIC TREE
1462
01:09:42,720 --> 01:09:44,520
AND WE LOOKED AT THE MODE.
1463
01:09:44,520 --> 01:09:46,720
THE GRAPH ON THE RIGHT SHOWED
1464
01:09:46,720 --> 01:09:52,520
THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF
1465
01:09:52,520 --> 01:09:56,720
FLAGELLA GENES AND THEY'RE
1466
01:09:56,720 --> 01:09:57,040
PRESENT.
1467
01:09:57,040 --> 01:10:04,360
WE CAN SEE FLAGELLA GENES IN THE
1468
01:10:04,360 --> 01:10:04,920
FIRMICUTES.
1469
01:10:04,920 --> 01:10:10,440
WHEN WE COMPARED THE GRAPHS AND
1470
01:10:10,440 --> 01:10:19,720
IT GENERATES THE SYSTEM AND WE
1471
01:10:19,720 --> 01:10:24,440
CAN SPECULATE REASONS.
1472
01:10:24,440 --> 01:10:26,760
THE STUDY SHOWED THE BACTERIA IS
1473
01:10:26,760 --> 01:10:34,440
ANOTHER REASON.
1474
01:10:34,440 --> 01:10:37,520
IN THIS ONGOING PROJECT WE'RE
1475
01:10:37,520 --> 01:10:41,000
ABLE TO IDENTIFY THIS AND WE CAN
1476
01:10:41,000 --> 01:10:42,520
DETECT THE FUNCTION ASSOCIATED
1477
01:10:42,520 --> 01:10:47,160
WITH THE PATIENT AND THE G.I.
1478
01:10:47,160 --> 01:10:47,760
TRACT.
1479
01:10:47,760 --> 01:10:51,640
WE HAVE FOUND IT'S FREQUENTLY
1480
01:10:51,640 --> 01:10:54,320
ASSOCIATED WITH THE FIRMICUTES.
1481
01:10:54,320 --> 01:10:58,920
IN THE NEXT STEPS WE'LL CHECK
1482
01:10:58,920 --> 01:11:05,720
FUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH AND
1483
01:11:05,720 --> 01:11:16,520
FOCUS ON THE FORMATION AND WE
1484
01:11:16,520 --> 01:11:17,800
HAVE MORE DETAILED ANALYSIS ON
1485
01:11:17,800 --> 01:11:21,800
THE FUNCTIONAL INTEREST.
1486
01:11:21,800 --> 01:11:26,520
AND LOOKING TO UNDERSTAND THE
1487
01:11:26,520 --> 01:11:30,080
ADA
1488
01:11:30,080 --> 01:11:34,760
ADAPTATION OF THE G.I. TRACT AND
1489
01:11:34,760 --> 01:11:38,520
LOOK AT THE MICROBIOME AND THE
1490
01:11:38,520 --> 01:11:40,320
ACTION.
1491
01:11:40,320 --> 01:11:46,280
THE NEXT I WANT TO TALK ABOUT IS
1492
01:11:46,280 --> 01:11:48,840
THE RESEARCH DONE.
1493
01:11:48,840 --> 01:11:52,520
I HAD AN OPPORTUNITY WONDERFUL
1494
01:11:52,520 --> 01:11:54,960
TO COLLABORATE BETWEEN INTERIM
1495
01:11:54,960 --> 01:11:59,400
AND EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH AND I
1496
01:11:59,400 --> 01:12:04,280
WORKED WITH ARIZONA STATE
1497
01:12:04,280 --> 01:12:13,440
UNIVERSITY AND WE LOOK AT THIS
1498
01:12:13,440 --> 01:12:16,040
FROM APRIL 7 TO JUNE 16.
1499
01:12:16,040 --> 01:12:18,360
WE DEMONSTRATED THE POTENTIAL
1500
01:12:18,360 --> 01:12:24,200
FOR WASTE WATER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND
1501
01:12:24,200 --> 01:12:38,520
SHOWING THIS AND LOOK AT WATER
1502
01:12:38,520 --> 01:12:41,280
COLLECTION SIZE AND WASTE WATER
1503
01:12:41,280 --> 01:12:46,200
SAMPLE AND WE WANTED TO ANALYZE
1504
01:12:46,200 --> 01:12:54,520
THE DATA.
1505
01:12:54,520 --> 01:13:10,800
AND THIS IS PAIRS OF THE GENOME.
1506
01:13:10,800 --> 01:13:13,320
AND THIS MEANS THERE'S GENOMES.
1507
01:13:13,320 --> 01:13:21,080
THIS ALLOWS US TO AMPLIFY THE
1508
01:13:21,080 --> 01:13:32,120
GENOMES FROM WASTE WATER.
1509
01:13:32,120 --> 01:13:38,520
OUR GROUP CAN THEN BEGIN TO
1510
01:13:38,520 --> 01:13:45,120
BALANCE AND PRESENT THIS FROM MY
1511
01:13:45,120 --> 01:13:46,920
LAB.
1512
01:13:46,920 --> 01:13:52,440
THERE WAS NO EXISTENCE OF THIS
1513
01:13:52,440 --> 01:13:58,520
AND TO DETECT THIS WASTE WATER
1514
01:13:58,520 --> 01:13:59,920
SAMPLE WE LOOKED AT A NEW
1515
01:13:59,920 --> 01:14:01,120
PIPELINE.
1516
01:14:01,120 --> 01:14:06,040
THE NEXT THING WE'RE TRYING TO
1517
01:14:06,040 --> 01:14:17,840
DO IS TO BUILD OUR RESEARCH
1518
01:14:17,840 --> 01:14:22,800
SAMPLE AND WE HAVE THE PROCESS
1519
01:14:22,800 --> 01:14:27,160
WHICH IS CHALLENGES.
1520
01:14:27,160 --> 01:14:33,800
FIRST, IT'S COMPOSED OF 345
1521
01:14:33,800 --> 01:14:38,520
APPLICANTS AND WE LOOKED AT
1522
01:14:38,520 --> 01:14:42,520
GENOMES.
1523
01:14:42,520 --> 01:14:47,880
ADDITIONALLY, SOME IMAGES HAD
1524
01:14:47,880 --> 01:14:50,720
MASS RESOLUTION.
1525
01:14:50,720 --> 01:14:56,520
AND THERE'S A POSSIBILITY THE
1526
01:14:56,520 --> 01:15:01,920
IMAGES WILL COME BACK AND MAKES
1527
01:15:01,920 --> 01:15:05,760
THIS DIFFICULT.
1528
01:15:05,760 --> 01:15:19,320
WE LOOKED AT WHAT IS SHOWN HERE.
1529
01:15:19,320 --> 01:15:26,120
AND THE COLOR OF THIS BRANCH
1530
01:15:26,120 --> 01:15:34,520
PRESENTS THE FREQUENCY AND WE
1531
01:15:34,520 --> 01:15:41,320
CAN GET THE MIXTURE.
1532
01:15:41,320 --> 01:15:43,320
NOW, WE HAVE ONE SAMPLE AND HOW
1533
01:15:43,320 --> 01:15:45,600
TO COMPARE ALL THE SAMPLES SO WE
1534
01:15:45,600 --> 01:15:51,440
CAN TRACK THE CHANGES OF WHERE A
1535
01:15:51,440 --> 01:15:53,760
POPULATION BETWEEN LOCATION AND
1536
01:15:53,760 --> 01:16:00,720
THE AUTOMATE ANALYSIS I TRIED TO
1537
01:16:00,720 --> 01:16:02,960
DO THIS AND THERE'S A NEW TYPE
1538
01:16:02,960 --> 01:16:09,920
OF METAGENOME DATA.
1539
01:16:09,920 --> 01:16:18,560
AND WE LOOK DIFFERENT
1540
01:16:18,560 --> 01:16:18,880
TRANSITION.
1541
01:16:18,880 --> 01:16:23,840
HOWEVER, WE CANNOT COMBINE AND
1542
01:16:23,840 --> 01:16:27,720
THEREFORE THE METAGENOMICS BASED
1543
01:16:27,720 --> 01:16:29,840
ON COMPONENT OF COMPOSITION
1544
01:16:29,840 --> 01:16:36,920
CANNOT BE APPLIED HERE.
1545
01:16:36,920 --> 01:16:42,520
WE FIRST STARTED CALCULATING THE
1546
01:16:42,520 --> 01:16:47,240
DIFFERENCE BY APPLYING THIS AND
1547
01:16:47,240 --> 01:16:49,200
WE USE DATA AS A METRIC.
1548
01:16:49,200 --> 01:16:56,240
IN THIS WAY, WE CAN CALCULATE
1549
01:16:56,240 --> 01:17:02,520
THE WASTE WATER SAMPLES WE HAVE
1550
01:17:02,520 --> 01:17:11,840
AND WE ALSO WANT TO LOOK AT THE
1551
01:17:11,840 --> 01:17:16,680
SAME GRAPH.
1552
01:17:16,680 --> 01:17:25,800
THESE ARE SAMPLES FROM TEMPE,
1553
01:17:25,800 --> 01:17:26,680
ARIZONA.
1554
01:17:26,680 --> 01:17:31,440
THE SAMPLES HAVE DATA AND THE
1555
01:17:31,440 --> 01:17:32,280
LATEST DATA IS BLUE.
1556
01:17:32,280 --> 01:17:35,160
WE COLLECTED SAMPLES FROM APRIL
1557
01:17:35,160 --> 01:17:40,600
2021 TO JUNE 2021.
1558
01:17:40,600 --> 01:17:54,920
HERE, WE HAVE CONSISTENCY IN THE
1559
01:17:54,920 --> 01:17:55,360
SAMP
1560
01:17:55,360 --> 01:17:55,600
SAMPLE.
1561
01:17:55,600 --> 01:17:58,520
ALSO THEY CAN ALSO BE REFLECTED
1562
01:17:58,520 --> 01:18:03,040
IN THIS PLOT.
1563
01:18:03,040 --> 01:18:06,600
THERE'S SAMPLES HERE AND CLOSE
1564
01:18:06,600 --> 01:18:09,400
TO 21A AND 21J.
1565
01:18:09,400 --> 01:18:15,200
TO TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT THE
1566
01:18:15,200 --> 01:18:20,680
THREE SAMPLE, FIRST WE LOOKED AT
1567
01:18:20,680 --> 01:18:25,680
THE FREQUENCY IN THE WASTE WATER
1568
01:18:25,680 --> 01:18:33,200
SAMPLE AND THERE WAS A SHIFT OF
1569
01:18:33,200 --> 01:18:40,280
THE MOVE TO 21 AND LOOKED AT THE
1570
01:18:40,280 --> 01:18:40,520
SAMPLE.
1571
01:18:40,520 --> 01:18:52,040
THIS SHIFT HAD VIRULENCE TO
1572
01:18:52,040 --> 01:18:53,520
TRANSMISSION AND CAN HELP MANAGE
1573
01:18:53,520 --> 01:19:01,280
THE RESPONSE TO THE VIRUS.
1574
01:19:01,280 --> 01:19:11,440
OVERALL, WE LOOKED AT THE IMAGES
1575
01:19:11,440 --> 01:19:15,600
AND IN THIS PROJECT THE GROUP
1576
01:19:15,600 --> 01:19:20,480
WE'RE CONTINUING TO WORK ON
1577
01:19:20,480 --> 01:19:25,680
SAMPLES THIS YEAR AND LOOKING AT
1578
01:19:25,680 --> 01:19:30,840
THE FRAMEWORK AND THE HOPE IS WE
1579
01:19:30,840 --> 01:19:33,560
COULD EXPAND IT TO METAGENOMIC
1580
01:19:33,560 --> 01:19:38,520
INSTANCE THAT ALLOWS FOR A
1581
01:19:38,520 --> 01:19:40,400
BROADER SPECTRUM PATHOGEN
1582
01:19:40,400 --> 01:19:45,320
DETECTION AND AVOID OUTBREAKS.
1583
01:19:45,320 --> 01:19:47,120
NOW I'M GOING TALK ABOUT MY
1584
01:19:47,120 --> 01:19:49,320
FUTURE PLAN.
1585
01:19:49,320 --> 01:19:51,520
THE FOCUS IS ON THE FEATURES OF
1586
01:19:51,520 --> 01:19:56,560
THE MICROBES.
1587
01:19:56,560 --> 01:20:00,120
WE'LL CONTINUE TO ADD TOOLS AND
1588
01:20:00,120 --> 01:20:02,360
IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY.
1589
01:20:02,360 --> 01:20:05,480
IN ADDITION, WE'LL CONTINUE
1590
01:20:05,480 --> 01:20:06,760
INCORPORATING MORE FEATURES IN
1591
01:20:06,760 --> 01:20:11,320
THE PIPELINE.
1592
01:20:11,320 --> 01:20:13,240
IN ADDITION WE'LL TRY TO
1593
01:20:13,240 --> 01:20:14,120
ESTABLISH A COLLABORATION WITH
1594
01:20:14,120 --> 01:20:21,120
THE PREDICTION.
1595
01:20:21,120 --> 01:20:24,840
WE'RE COLLABORATING WITH THE
1596
01:20:24,840 --> 01:20:29,800
UNIVERSITY OF MIRANDA TO LOOK AT
1597
01:20:29,800 --> 01:20:33,840
BILIRUBIN REDUCTASE.
1598
01:20:33,840 --> 01:20:42,520
IT ALLOWS DATA TO BE RE-ABSORBED
1599
01:20:42,520 --> 01:20:49,560
AND THERE'S CERTAIN BACTERIA AND
1600
01:20:49,560 --> 01:20:52,640
MOLS WHICH CAN BE SAFELY
1601
01:20:52,640 --> 01:20:54,240
EXCRETED FROM THE BODY.
1602
01:20:54,240 --> 01:20:57,360
UNDERSTANDING WHICH BACTERIA ARE
1603
01:20:57,360 --> 01:21:02,480
ABLE TO PRODUCE BILIRUBIN CAN
1604
01:21:02,480 --> 01:21:04,840
CONTRIBUTE TO THE TREATMENT.
1605
01:21:04,840 --> 01:21:17,840
AND OUR FIRST WILL LOOKED TO
1606
01:21:17,840 --> 01:21:24,920
ESTABLISH THE HMP2 ASSOCIATED
1607
01:21:24,920 --> 01:21:32,640
WITH A REDUCTION POTENTIAL.
1608
01:21:32,640 --> 01:21:40,080
WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A WAY TO
1609
01:21:40,080 --> 01:21:44,000
REDUCE BILIRUBIN WITH CHA HAS
1610
01:21:44,000 --> 01:21:44,800
BEEN DEVELOPED.
1611
01:21:44,800 --> 01:21:52,560
WE CAN LOOK AT GENOMIC ANALYSIS
1612
01:21:52,560 --> 01:21:56,520
ANALYSIS AND THE REDUCTASE GENES
1613
01:21:56,520 --> 01:22:00,680
CAN BE USED IN THE WHOLE LAB.
1614
01:22:00,680 --> 01:22:03,880
THIS IS OUR APPROACH AND WE'RE
1615
01:22:03,880 --> 01:22:15,680
CONSTANTLY REVISING AND
1616
01:22:15,680 --> 01:22:26,040
ADJUSTING OUR PLAN.
1617
01:22:26,040 --> 01:22:34,520
AND WE EXPLORED THIS AREA.
1618
01:22:34,520 --> 01:22:39,200
AND WE HAVE LOOKED AT THE USE
1619
01:22:39,200 --> 01:22:43,160
AND ABLE TO WORK WITH MORE
1620
01:22:43,160 --> 01:22:43,800
COMPLEX DATA SETS.
1621
01:22:43,800 --> 01:22:48,720
THERE'S BEEN A KEY PATTERN OF
1622
01:22:48,720 --> 01:22:50,520
THE INVESTMENT AND THERE'S
1623
01:22:50,520 --> 01:22:55,720
PATIENT INFORMATION AND IT CAN
1624
01:22:55,720 --> 01:22:59,800
BE USED TO TRACK.
1625
01:22:59,800 --> 01:23:05,360
THIS CAN BE USED IN COMPARATIVE
1626
01:23:05,360 --> 01:23:07,520
GENOMICS AND THE FEATURE AND THE
1627
01:23:07,520 --> 01:23:11,600
GRAPH CAN BE USED TO LOOK AT
1628
01:23:11,600 --> 01:23:14,920
DIVERGENCE IN THE GENOME.
1629
01:23:14,920 --> 01:23:16,160
WE DESCRIBED HOW DATA CAN COME
1630
01:23:16,160 --> 01:23:20,720
BACK TO THE GENOMIC DATA TO MAP
1631
01:23:20,720 --> 01:23:22,440
GENOMES AND IDENTIFY THE
1632
01:23:22,440 --> 01:23:26,560
PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF
1633
01:23:26,560 --> 01:23:38,000
SEQUENCING IN THE GENOME.
1634
01:23:38,000 --> 01:23:43,080
AND LOOKED AT THE GENE SUCH AS
1635
01:23:43,080 --> 01:23:57,680
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT GENE OR AND
1636
01:23:57,680 --> 01:24:03,480
THERE'S POTENTIAL TO LOOK AT THE
1637
01:24:03,480 --> 01:24:08,520
SEQUENCES.
1638
01:24:08,520 --> 01:24:14,560
AND WE CAN LOOK AT THE RESOURCE
1639
01:24:14,560 --> 01:24:16,840
SO WE'RE HOPEFUL TO EXPAND THE
1640
01:24:16,840 --> 01:24:20,240
CATEGORY OF NON-MOBILE GENOMIC
1641
01:24:20,240 --> 01:24:20,600
ATOMS.
1642
01:24:20,600 --> 01:24:23,120
THIS WRAPS UP MY FUTURE RESEARCH
1643
01:24:23,120 --> 01:24:23,320
PLAN.
1644
01:24:23,320 --> 01:24:27,800
AT THEN OF MY TALK I'D LIKE TO
1645
01:24:27,800 --> 01:24:31,480
THANK MY POST-DOCS FROM MY LAB
1646
01:24:31,480 --> 01:24:36,360
AND MY COLLABORATORS AND
1647
01:24:36,360 --> 01:24:38,720
COLLABORATORS AND MY MENTOR
1648
01:24:38,720 --> 01:24:39,520
COMMUNITIES.
1649
01:24:39,520 --> 01:24:42,040
I'D LIKE TO THANK THE EXTRAMURAL
1650
01:24:42,040 --> 01:24:42,920
RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR THE STRONG
1651
01:24:42,920 --> 01:24:44,960
SUPPORT.
1652
01:24:44,960 --> 01:24:45,240
THANK YOU.
1653
01:24:45,240 --> 01:24:46,520
I'LL BE HAPPY IT TAKE ANY
1654
01:24:46,520 --> 01:24:56,840
QUESTIONS.
1655
01:24:56,840 --> 01:24:59,640
>> THANK YOU.
1656
01:24:59,640 --> 01:25:01,880
I ACTUALLY HAVE A NUMBER OF
1657
01:25:01,880 --> 01:25:03,120
QUESTIONS FROM THROUGHOUT THE
1658
01:25:03,120 --> 01:25:03,880
TALK.
1659
01:25:03,880 --> 01:25:05,120
FIRST, MY LAB INVENTED
1660
01:25:05,120 --> 01:25:09,360
COMPARATIVE GENOMICS AND I'M A
1661
01:25:09,360 --> 01:25:14,560
LITTLE CONFUSED HOW THE FIRST
1662
01:25:14,560 --> 01:25:16,800
PART OF YOUR TALK USE VIEWED
1663
01:25:16,800 --> 01:25:23,840
COMPARATIVE GENOMIC.
1664
01:25:23,840 --> 01:25:24,520
>> THE FIRST PART?
1665
01:25:24,520 --> 01:25:27,000
>> WHEN YOU TALKED ABOUT THE
1666
01:25:27,000 --> 01:25:27,920
MICROBIOME AND GENOMIC.
1667
01:25:27,920 --> 01:25:29,840
I WANT TO GET A FEEL FOR WHAT
1668
01:25:29,840 --> 01:25:32,320
KIND OF COMPUTATION YOU WERE
1669
01:25:32,320 --> 01:25:38,560
USING, WHAT KIND OF METHODS,
1670
01:25:38,560 --> 01:25:40,520
THERE'S ALL SORTS OF PROBLEMS IN
1671
01:25:40,520 --> 01:25:44,480
MICROBIOMICS AND METAGENOMICS
1672
01:25:44,480 --> 01:25:45,120
AND DISTINGUISHING SPECIES AND
1673
01:25:45,120 --> 01:25:45,480
GENES.
1674
01:25:45,480 --> 01:25:50,520
I WANT TO GET A FEEL FOR SOME OF
1675
01:25:50,520 --> 01:25:51,960
THE COMPUTATION.
1676
01:25:51,960 --> 01:25:53,320
I HEARD A LOT OF INTERESTING
1677
01:25:53,320 --> 01:25:55,920
BIOLOGY RESULTS BUT WAS CONFUSED
1678
01:25:55,920 --> 01:25:58,240
WHY YOU WERE CALLING THIS
1679
01:25:58,240 --> 01:25:59,800
COMPARATIVE GENOMIC.
1680
01:25:59,800 --> 01:26:04,600
>> SO THE APPROACH I USED IS
1681
01:26:04,600 --> 01:26:06,120
BASED ON EXPERIMENTS I KNOW
1682
01:26:06,120 --> 01:26:10,600
WHICH GENES AND SPECIES AND MOST
1683
01:26:10,600 --> 01:26:14,600
TIME IS IN FUNCTION.
1684
01:26:14,600 --> 01:26:25,280
I RETRIEVED THOSE GENES AND WE
1685
01:26:25,280 --> 01:26:27,760
USED THAT TO BE AT A
1686
01:26:27,760 --> 01:26:28,240
MULTI-MODAL.
1687
01:26:28,240 --> 01:26:29,680
THAT'S THE MOST COMMON APPROACH
1688
01:26:29,680 --> 01:26:33,640
WE USED AND SCANNING THE GENOMES
1689
01:26:33,640 --> 01:26:38,120
OF OTHER BACTERIA SPECIES AND WE
1690
01:26:38,120 --> 01:26:43,520
STUDIES THE GENOMIC CONTEXT AND
1691
01:26:43,520 --> 01:26:47,840
ASSOCIATE GENES TO THE FUNCTION
1692
01:26:47,840 --> 01:26:52,920
AND IN THIS WAY WE CAN TRANSFER
1693
01:26:52,920 --> 01:26:56,120
FROM ONE SPECIES TO THE ANOTHER
1694
01:26:56,120 --> 01:26:57,680
AND EXPAND THE CATEGORIES OF
1695
01:26:57,680 --> 01:27:01,920
BACTERIA WE KNOW ARE FUNCTIONAL.
1696
01:27:01,920 --> 01:27:03,760
MULTI-MODAL IS ONE COMMONLY USED
1697
01:27:03,760 --> 01:27:07,640
AND THE USED THE MH AND OTHER
1698
01:27:07,640 --> 01:27:09,200
COMMON TOOLS TO DO THAT.
1699
01:27:09,200 --> 01:27:17,040
>> LOOK AT OUR MDGB PROGRAM.
1700
01:27:17,040 --> 01:27:18,600
IT'S IN CELL SYMPTOMS AND THERE
1701
01:27:18,600 --> 01:27:22,240
WAS AN AWARD FOR THAT AND ME AND
1702
01:27:22,240 --> 01:27:26,840
RYAN SCHMITTKE AND FROM 2021.
1703
01:27:26,840 --> 01:27:30,480
IT GETS THE LARGEST PAN GENOME
1704
01:27:30,480 --> 01:27:34,240
ASSEMBLIES QUICKLY ON ORDERERS
1705
01:27:34,240 --> 01:27:35,560
OF MAGNITUDE FASTER WITH VERY
1706
01:27:35,560 --> 01:27:37,880
LITTLE MEMORY, TWO ORDERS OF
1707
01:27:37,880 --> 01:27:41,080
MAGNITUDE FASTER MEMORY AND IT'S
1708
01:27:41,080 --> 01:27:46,440
FOR LONG SEQUENCING DATA WHICH
1709
01:27:46,440 --> 01:27:49,800
IT SEEMS LIKE YOU HAD SOME OF
1710
01:27:49,800 --> 01:27:51,440
AND ASSEMBLED ALL THE METAGENOME
1711
01:27:51,440 --> 01:27:52,920
DATA WE COULD GET OUR HANDS ON.
1712
01:27:52,920 --> 01:27:56,320
THAT WOULD BE A GOOD TOOL.
1713
01:27:56,320 --> 01:27:59,520
NOW YOU MADE IT CLEAR TO ME,
1714
01:27:59,520 --> 01:27:59,840
GREAT.
1715
01:27:59,840 --> 01:28:05,280
WHAT KIND OF COMPUTATIONAL
1716
01:28:05,280 --> 01:28:07,760
TECHNIQUES YOU WERE USING.
1717
01:28:07,760 --> 01:28:10,600
I HAD ANOTHER QUESTION AND THIS
1718
01:28:10,600 --> 01:28:11,880
TELLS ME HOW YOU'RE
1719
01:28:11,880 --> 01:28:13,200
DISTINGUISHING SPECIES AND
1720
01:28:13,200 --> 01:28:14,600
GENES, BETTER, RIGHT?
1721
01:28:14,600 --> 01:28:17,880
THE COMPARATIVE GENOMICS.
1722
01:28:17,880 --> 01:28:21,360
OKAY.
1723
01:28:21,360 --> 01:28:23,720
I HAD ANOTHER QUESTION HOW YOU
1724
01:28:23,720 --> 01:28:26,600
WERE ANALYZING FUNCTION
1725
01:28:26,600 --> 01:28:29,680
COMPUTATIONALLY ONCE YOU DO
1726
01:28:29,680 --> 01:28:29,920
THIS.
1727
01:28:29,920 --> 01:28:31,600
>> DOES THAT QUESTION MEAN THAT
1728
01:28:31,600 --> 01:28:37,680
OUR COMPUTATION -- OKAY, I SEE.
1729
01:28:37,680 --> 01:28:40,240
SO GENERALLY I USED --
1730
01:28:40,240 --> 01:28:42,520
>> HOW ARE YOU COMPUTING
1731
01:28:42,520 --> 01:28:42,800
ORTHOLOGS?
1732
01:28:42,800 --> 01:28:46,840
I KNOW YOU SAID HH PRED BUT
1733
01:28:46,840 --> 01:28:52,120
THERE'S BETTER ORTHOLOG PROGRAMS
1734
01:28:52,120 --> 01:29:11,680
OUT THERE.
1735
01:29:11,680 --> 01:29:22,520
>> YOU LINKED THEM TO FUNCTION?
1736
01:29:22,520 --> 01:29:23,840
WHICH DATABASE?
1737
01:29:23,840 --> 01:29:29,040
I KNOW YOU SAID.
1738
01:29:29,040 --> 01:29:33,240
>> WE LOOKED AT THE ONES
1739
01:29:33,240 --> 01:29:35,520
COMMONLY USED BUT I'M NOT DOING
1740
01:29:35,520 --> 01:29:38,440
DATA ON LARGER SCALES BUT
1741
01:29:38,440 --> 01:29:41,360
ASSURING THE ACCURACY MORE
1742
01:29:41,360 --> 01:29:41,680
MANUAL.
1743
01:29:41,680 --> 01:29:53,480
I USE THOSE ALSO TOOLS BUT ALSO
1744
01:29:53,480 --> 01:30:06,280
WE GENERATE AND LOOK AT THE
1745
01:30:06,280 --> 01:30:13,800
PHYLOGENETIC TREES AND I FEEL WE
1746
01:30:13,800 --> 01:30:14,480
HAVE THE FUNCTION.
1747
01:30:14,480 --> 01:30:16,080
>> I GET THAT, GREAT.
1748
01:30:16,080 --> 01:30:22,520
IN TERMS OF WASTE WATER AND
1749
01:30:22,520 --> 01:30:31,040
COVID I GET YOUR CONTRIBUTION IS
1750
01:30:31,040 --> 01:30:35,760
A NEW CORRELATION METRIC FOR
1751
01:30:35,760 --> 01:30:36,320
THAT.
1752
01:30:36,320 --> 01:30:37,680
I UNDERSTOOD AS IT WENT ALONG
1753
01:30:37,680 --> 01:30:39,880
AND WAS WONDERING WHAT YOUR ROLE
1754
01:30:39,880 --> 01:30:41,680
WAS IN THE PROJECT BECAUSE
1755
01:30:41,680 --> 01:30:42,680
YOU'RE DOING COMPUTATIONAL
1756
01:30:42,680 --> 01:30:45,680
ANALYSIS AND YOU SAID THERE WERE
1757
01:30:45,680 --> 01:30:47,480
NO EXISTING BIOINFORMATIC
1758
01:30:47,480 --> 01:30:50,520
APPROACHES FOR DETECTING SNVs
1759
01:30:50,520 --> 01:30:54,680
AROUND WAS WONDERING IF YOU WERE
1760
01:30:54,680 --> 01:30:58,240
AWARE OF THE AARON GOWAN LAB
1761
01:30:58,240 --> 01:30:59,360
WORK ON WASTE WATER COVID
1762
01:30:59,360 --> 01:31:00,320
DETECTION IN THE BOSTON AREA.
1763
01:31:00,320 --> 01:31:03,160
>> YES, I'M AWARE OF THAT.
1764
01:31:03,160 --> 01:31:11,080
MY POST-DOC WAS THE SUPERVISOR.
1765
01:31:11,080 --> 01:31:13,120
>> ERIC DON WAS YOUR POST-DOC
1766
01:31:13,120 --> 01:31:13,480
SUPERVISOR?
1767
01:31:13,480 --> 01:31:14,320
>> YES.
1768
01:31:14,320 --> 01:31:18,520
>> OH, GOOD.
1769
01:31:18,520 --> 01:31:22,920
YOU COMPARED WITH PANGULIN AND
1770
01:31:22,920 --> 01:31:24,920
WONDERING IF THAT WAS THE SPIKE
1771
01:31:24,920 --> 01:31:27,040
PROTEIN BECAUSE THAT -- IT'S
1772
01:31:27,040 --> 01:31:30,320
KNOWN TO BE THE CLOSEST HUMAN
1773
01:31:30,320 --> 01:31:31,400
SPECIES IN TERMS OF THE SPIKE
1774
01:31:31,400 --> 01:31:34,520
PROTEIN, NOT HUMAN, CLOSEST TO
1775
01:31:34,520 --> 01:31:39,560
THE HUMAN SPECIES FOR THE SPIKE
1776
01:31:39,560 --> 01:31:40,080
PROTE
1777
01:31:40,080 --> 01:31:40,320
PROTEIN.
1778
01:31:40,320 --> 01:31:44,040
>> I THINK WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
1779
01:31:44,040 --> 01:31:51,600
DIFFERENT PENGULIN'S HERE.
1780
01:31:51,600 --> 01:31:56,520
>> WE HAVE DIFFERENT SPECIES.
1781
01:31:56,520 --> 01:31:58,520
>> OH, MY GOSH.
1782
01:31:58,520 --> 01:32:02,520
THANK YOU.
1783
01:32:02,520 --> 01:32:07,320
I'M JUST CLARIFYING.
1784
01:32:07,320 --> 01:32:07,520
OKAY.
1785
01:32:07,520 --> 01:32:10,560
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT THERE'S
1786
01:32:10,560 --> 01:32:12,560
SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE VARIATIONS
1787
01:32:12,560 --> 01:32:17,840
ACROSS THE SAMPLE?
1788
01:32:17,840 --> 01:32:29,920
>> IT'S TO ASSIGN THE IMAGES AND
1789
01:32:29,920 --> 01:32:33,040
HAVE DIFFERENT MUTATIONS.
1790
01:32:33,040 --> 01:32:34,320
>> IT'S KNOWN DIFFERENT VARIANTS
1791
01:32:34,320 --> 01:32:40,560
ARE GETTING MORE AND MORE
1792
01:32:40,560 --> 01:32:40,840
MUTATIONS.
1793
01:32:40,840 --> 01:32:54,360
COMBINATORIAL MUTATIONS.
1794
01:32:54,360 --> 01:32:58,520
WE CAN ACCESS VARIANTS IN THE
1795
01:32:58,520 --> 01:33:05,000
POPULATION.
1796
01:33:05,000 --> 01:33:06,600
IN TERMS OF THE GRAPHS I THINK
1797
01:33:06,600 --> 01:33:13,120
YOU SHOULD STILL LOOK AT OUR
1798
01:33:13,120 --> 01:33:16,600
MGBG PAPER.
1799
01:33:16,600 --> 01:33:19,840
IT'S MINIMIZER SPACE AND I THINK
1800
01:33:19,840 --> 01:33:25,680
YOUR PLAN FOR DEBOIN GRAPHS WILL
1801
01:33:25,680 --> 01:33:38,920
TAKE TOO MUCH TIME AND SPACE AND
1802
01:33:38,920 --> 01:33:42,440
KNEW COMPUTATIONAL METHODS DO
1803
01:33:42,440 --> 01:33:43,840
YOU SEE DEVELOPING LIKE
1804
01:33:43,840 --> 01:33:48,880
FUNCTIONAL MODULES?
1805
01:33:48,880 --> 01:33:51,400
>> THERE'S TWO PATHS IT'S
1806
01:33:51,400 --> 01:34:00,040
IMPORTANT FOR DIFFERENT TOOLS.
1807
01:34:00,040 --> 01:34:06,760
AND WE WANT TO INCORPORATE AND
1808
01:34:06,760 --> 01:34:08,600
MAKE A FLAT BAR SO NO MATTER
1809
01:34:08,600 --> 01:34:11,800
WHAT TOOLS WE USE TO SEARCH THE
1810
01:34:11,800 --> 01:34:14,560
FUNCTION YOU CAN LOOK AT THE
1811
01:34:14,560 --> 01:34:14,760
DATA.
1812
01:34:14,760 --> 01:34:16,000
THAT'S ONE PATH.
1813
01:34:16,000 --> 01:34:20,040
THE OTHER IS THE DATA PATH AND
1814
01:34:20,040 --> 01:34:23,360
POTENTIAL FILES OF THE
1815
01:34:23,360 --> 01:34:29,840
INFORMATIONS SO THAT AFTER WE
1816
01:34:29,840 --> 01:34:38,200
HAVE GENOMIC DATA YOU CAN USE
1817
01:34:38,200 --> 01:34:43,120
THE PROFILE TO SEARCH THE DATA
1818
01:34:43,120 --> 01:34:43,760
WITHIN THE OWN DATA AND HAVE THE
1819
01:34:43,760 --> 01:34:47,120
FUNCTIONS THERE.
1820
01:34:47,120 --> 01:34:47,680
>> OKAY.
1821
01:34:47,680 --> 01:34:53,960
THANK YOU FOR ANSWERING MY
1822
01:34:53,960 --> 01:34:54,280
QUESTION.
1823
01:34:54,280 --> 01:34:54,680
JES
1824
01:34:54,680 --> 01:34:57,200
JESSE, PLEASE AS YOUR QUESTION.
1825
01:34:57,200 --> 01:34:59,520
>> YES, IT'S EXCITING WORK
1826
01:34:59,520 --> 01:35:01,320
BEFORE I SWITCHED TO PUBLIC
1827
01:35:01,320 --> 01:35:03,120
HEALTH I WOULD HAVE TOTALLY
1828
01:35:03,120 --> 01:35:04,680
REACHED OUT TO COLLABORATE.
1829
01:35:04,680 --> 01:35:07,800
MAYBE LATER WE CAN TALK ABOUT
1830
01:35:07,800 --> 01:35:09,360
SOME OF THE TRANSLATIONAL
1831
01:35:09,360 --> 01:35:09,600
THINGS.
1832
01:35:09,600 --> 01:35:16,760
I WONDERED FOR THE
1833
01:35:16,760 --> 01:35:18,320
BIOINFORMATIBIOINFORMATIC
1834
01:35:18,320 --> 01:35:20,840
BIOINFORMATICS INFRASTRUCTURE
1835
01:35:20,840 --> 01:35:23,320
FOR COV BECAUSE THE WASTE WATER
1836
01:35:23,320 --> 01:35:25,320
IS GOING TO BE CRITICAL AS
1837
01:35:25,320 --> 01:35:29,560
PEOPLE GET TESTED ALSO AND LESS.
1838
01:35:29,560 --> 01:35:31,720
WHAT DISSEMINATION HAVE YOU DONE
1839
01:35:31,720 --> 01:35:32,320
ON THAT?
1840
01:35:32,320 --> 01:35:34,000
I'M SURE YOU'RE PUBLISHING ON IT
1841
01:35:34,000 --> 01:35:37,040
BUT THESE DAYS I WORK WITH STATE
1842
01:35:37,040 --> 01:35:38,200
LABS AND PUBLIC HEALTH
1843
01:35:38,200 --> 01:35:39,800
DEPARTMENTS AND I THINK THEY
1844
01:35:39,800 --> 01:35:43,080
WOULD FIND THE TOOLS USEFUL.
1845
01:35:43,080 --> 01:35:45,160
I WANT TO MAKE SURE YOU MAKE IT
1846
01:35:45,160 --> 01:35:46,520
AVAILABLE OR KNOWN ABOUT IN THE
1847
01:35:46,520 --> 01:36:02,520
OTHER AVENUES.
1848
01:36:02,520 --> 01:36:08,920
>> I MAKE THE DATA PUBLIC FOR
1849
01:36:08,920 --> 01:36:10,240
PRESENTATION.
1850
01:36:10,240 --> 01:36:10,640
>> OKAY.
1851
01:36:10,640 --> 01:36:11,680
BEEN A LITTLE BUSY.
1852
01:36:11,680 --> 01:36:13,480
I CAN TRY TO POINT PEOPLE IN
1853
01:36:13,480 --> 01:36:13,840
THAT DIRECTION.
1854
01:36:13,840 --> 01:36:14,120
>> AWESOME.
1855
01:36:14,120 --> 01:36:28,240
THANK YOU.
1856
01:36:28,240 --> 01:36:29,840
I HAVE A COUPLE OTHERS IF OTHERS
1857
01:36:29,840 --> 01:36:34,080
DON'T HAVE QUESTIONS.
1858
01:36:34,080 --> 01:36:35,520
>> LIKES GRACIELA HAS A
1859
01:36:35,520 --> 01:36:45,800
QUESTION.
1860
01:36:45,800 --> 01:36:52,080
>> GREAT WORK, CONGRATULATIONS.
1861
01:36:52,080 --> 01:36:54,400
I WAS WONDERING WHETHER YOU HAVE
1862
01:36:54,400 --> 01:36:58,520
AN INTERFACE OR A WAY TO MAKE
1863
01:36:58,520 --> 01:36:59,920
THE FINDINGS AVAILABLE.
1864
01:36:59,920 --> 01:37:01,120
I DIDN'T CATCH IT IN YOUR
1865
01:37:01,120 --> 01:37:03,560
PRESENTATION SO I WANTED TO MAKE
1866
01:37:03,560 --> 01:37:05,240
SURE WHETHER YOU HAD THAT TO THE
1867
01:37:05,240 --> 01:37:07,000
PUBLIC OR TO OTHER SCIENTISTS.
1868
01:37:07,000 --> 01:37:08,160
I GUESS THERE'S TWO LEVELS HERE
1869
01:37:08,160 --> 01:37:14,000
I WAS CURIOUS ABOUT.
1870
01:37:14,000 --> 01:37:15,680
>> THIS IS A COLLABORATIVE
1871
01:37:15,680 --> 01:37:29,520
PROJECT.
1872
01:37:29,520 --> 01:37:31,840
AND DISPLAYED THE DATA AND WE'RE
1873
01:37:31,840 --> 01:37:34,560
WORKING ON THAT PATH.
1874
01:37:34,560 --> 01:37:47,160
>> ALL RIGHT.
1875
01:37:47,160 --> 01:37:49,760
>> I THOUGHT THE WORK YOU
1876
01:37:49,760 --> 01:37:54,800
DESCRIBED SWITCHING TO THE COVID
1877
01:37:54,800 --> 01:37:59,600
RELATED RESEARCH WAS AN EXAMPLE
1878
01:37:59,600 --> 01:38:01,040
OF RAPID PIVOTING ADDRESSING
1879
01:38:01,040 --> 01:38:01,720
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS.
1880
01:38:01,720 --> 01:38:05,040
I THOUGHT THAT WAS VERY
1881
01:38:05,040 --> 01:38:05,400
INSPIRING.
1882
01:38:05,400 --> 01:38:09,520
I HAD A QUESTION ON THE SARS
1883
01:38:09,520 --> 01:38:10,320
COV2 RESEARCH.
1884
01:38:10,320 --> 01:38:14,640
YOU NOTED CHIMERIC SARS COV2
1885
01:38:14,640 --> 01:38:15,560
HOST RNA.
1886
01:38:15,560 --> 01:38:17,280
I'M WONDERING IF YOU CAN COMMENT
1887
01:38:17,280 --> 01:38:18,680
BRIEFLY MORE ON THAT IN TERMS OF
1888
01:38:18,680 --> 01:38:20,040
WHAT YOU THINK THE FREQUENCY OF
1889
01:38:20,040 --> 01:38:22,600
THAT MIGHT BE AND WHAT SOME OF
1890
01:38:22,600 --> 01:38:29,160
THE CONSEQUENCES MIGHT BE.
1891
01:38:29,160 --> 01:38:34,560
>> YEAH, SO THE REASON I HAVE
1892
01:38:34,560 --> 01:38:39,640
THIS IDEA WAS THE OMICRON ORIGIN
1893
01:38:39,640 --> 01:38:45,240
WE DON'T KNOW WHY IT COMES FROM
1894
01:38:45,240 --> 01:38:50,560
IF IT COMES FROM HOST YOU CAN
1895
01:38:50,560 --> 01:38:58,160
MASTER THE HOST AND THE CHIMERIC
1896
01:38:58,160 --> 01:39:17,680
WAY AND WE LOOKED AT THE
1897
01:39:17,680 --> 01:39:26,600
FREQUENCY AND IT POINTS TO ONE
1898
01:39:26,600 --> 01:39:31,920
PERSON MAYBE AND THIS INDICATED
1899
01:39:31,920 --> 01:39:41,320
THE CHIMERA CAN EXIST AND IT HAS
1900
01:39:41,320 --> 01:39:45,480
A COMPARTMENT.
1901
01:39:45,480 --> 01:39:49,640
AND WE LOOKED AT THE WAYS.
1902
01:39:49,640 --> 01:39:54,920
THAT'S THE FIRST WE FOUND AND
1903
01:39:54,920 --> 01:40:02,560
THEN WE GO FURTHER TO FOUND IT
1904
01:40:02,560 --> 01:40:12,240
CAN TRACK THE ORIGIN AND LIKELY
1905
01:40:12,240 --> 01:40:17,880
IT COMES FROM A HOST.
1906
01:40:17,880 --> 01:40:23,400
SO THIS MEANS THERE'S ALWAYS A
1907
01:40:23,400 --> 01:40:40,680
CHANCE THAT AND MAYBE WE LOOKED
1908
01:40:40,680 --> 01:40:45,960
AT DIFFERENT ANIMALS I THINK
1909
01:40:45,960 --> 01:40:50,920
MAYBE IN THE FUTURE WE CAN LOOK
1910
01:40:50,920 --> 01:40:53,640
AT THE GENOME ORIGIN FROM
1911
01:40:53,640 --> 01:40:54,440
DIFFERENT HOST.
1912
01:40:54,440 --> 01:40:54,920
>> THANK YOU.
1913
01:40:54,920 --> 01:40:55,520
>> GREAT.
1914
01:40:55,520 --> 01:41:00,320
WE ARE NOW GOING START OUR
1915
01:41:00,320 --> 01:41:02,520
BREAKOUT ROOM AND GO TO CLOSED
1916
01:41:02,520 --> 01:41:04,880
SESSION WITH DR. JIANG AND HAVE
1917
01:41:04,880 --> 01:41:06,400
A CLOSED SESSION FOR JUST THE
1918
01:41:06,400 --> 01:41:07,240
REVIEW COMMITTEE.
1919
01:41:07,240 --> 01:41:10,080
WE'LL GO AHEAD AND KEEP THE
1920
01:41:10,080 --> 01:41:11,680
REGULAR AMOUNT OF TIME AND TAKE
1921
01:41:11,680 --> 01:41:14,680
THE FIVE MINUTES FROM OUR CLOSED
1922
01:41:14,680 --> 01:41:17,480
SCIENTIFIC COUNSELOR SESSION.
1923
01:41:17,480 --> 01:41:18,800
TODAY I WANT TO TALK TO YOU
1924
01:41:18,800 --> 01:41:21,280
ABOUT COMPUTATIONAL PREDICTION
1925
01:41:21,280 --> 01:41:22,600
AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF
1926
01:41:22,600 --> 01:41:25,280
FOLD-SWITCHING PROTEINS.
1927
01:41:25,280 --> 01:41:27,560
SO IF YOU LOOK AT THE DATABASE
1928
01:41:27,560 --> 01:41:37,280
RIGHT NOW YOU'LL SEE IT HAS OVER
1929
01:41:37,280 --> 01:41:37,920
220 MILLION HIGH-QUALITY
1930
01:41:37,920 --> 01:41:41,280
NON-REDUNDANT PROTEIN SEQUENCES.
1931
01:41:41,280 --> 01:41:49,160
BY CONTRAST, THERE ARE 18,000
1932
01:41:49,160 --> 01:41:51,720
HIGH QUALITY PROTEIN STRUCTURES
1933
01:41:51,720 --> 01:41:52,320
AVAILABLE IN THE PROTEIN DATA
1934
01:41:52,320 --> 01:41:57,160
BANK.
1935
01:41:57,160 --> 01:42:02,400
THOUGH IT'S AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT
1936
01:42:02,400 --> 01:42:05,240
OF WORK IT PALES TO THE PROTEIN
1937
01:42:05,240 --> 01:42:08,960
SEQUENCES OUT THERE AND MY LAB
1938
01:42:08,960 --> 01:42:11,920
IS INTERESTING IN KNOWING WHAT'S
1939
01:42:11,920 --> 01:42:13,360
OG ON IN THE DARK APART IN THE
1940
01:42:13,360 --> 01:42:14,880
PROTEIN UNIVERSE.
1941
01:42:14,880 --> 01:42:18,080
WITH 16,000 PROTEINS WE KNOW THE
1942
01:42:18,080 --> 01:42:19,880
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IS IMPORTANT
1943
01:42:19,880 --> 01:42:25,440
IN DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE AND
1944
01:42:25,440 --> 01:42:26,080
FUNCTIONS AND THAT BACKS UP WHAT
1945
01:42:26,080 --> 01:42:28,080
IT WAS SAID MANY DECADES AGO
1946
01:42:28,080 --> 01:42:38,120
NOW.
1947
01:42:38,120 --> 01:42:43,880
WE HAVE THE DOMAIN AND WE HAVE
1948
01:42:43,880 --> 01:42:44,720
THE SACS 5 INVOLVED IN
1949
01:42:44,720 --> 01:42:46,560
SIGNALLING BUT THE PROTEINS I
1950
01:42:46,560 --> 01:42:48,880
WANT TO TALK ABOUT TODAY ARE
1951
01:42:48,880 --> 01:42:57,280
NEITHER SINGLE FOLDING NOR
1952
01:42:57,280 --> 01:42:58,280
DISORDERED.
1953
01:42:58,280 --> 01:43:01,280
AND I MEAN A RE-ARRANGEMENT OR
1954
01:43:01,280 --> 01:43:03,640
REMODELLING OF SECONDARY AND
1955
01:43:03,640 --> 01:43:07,680
TERTIARY STRUCTURE THAT LEADS TO
1956
01:43:07,680 --> 01:43:12,400
CHANGES IN FUNCTION OR
1957
01:43:12,400 --> 01:43:20,160
REGULATION.
1958
01:43:20,160 --> 01:43:24,320
AND THE MECHANISM CHALLENGES
1959
01:43:24,320 --> 01:43:28,800
CURRENT PERCEPTIONS OF
1960
01:43:28,800 --> 01:43:31,960
ENERGETICS AND DYNAMICS AND NEW
1961
01:43:31,960 --> 01:43:34,000
BIOPENCE PRINCIPLES --
1962
01:43:37,280 --> 01:43:43,240
BIOPRINCIPLES CAN BE REVEALED
1963
01:43:43,240 --> 01:43:43,760
AND SWITCHES CHANGE THEIR
1964
01:43:43,760 --> 01:43:44,400
RESPONSE TO A DESIRE TRIGGER AND
1965
01:43:44,400 --> 01:43:46,320
MAY LEAD TO NEW THERAPEUTIC
1966
01:43:46,320 --> 01:43:47,040
INTERVENTIONS THAT TARGET FOLD
1967
01:43:47,040 --> 01:44:04,280
SWITCHING PROTEINS.
1968
01:44:04,280 --> 01:44:07,920
WE LOOK AT GASTROENTER ITIST AND
1969
01:44:07,920 --> 01:44:10,720
A FOLD-SWITCHING PROTEIN HAS
1970
01:44:10,720 --> 01:44:12,720
BEEN FOUND IN COVID-19.
1971
01:44:12,720 --> 01:44:16,320
WHAT MY LAB WOULD FIRST LIKE TO
1972
01:44:16,320 --> 01:44:18,360
DO IS DEVELOP COMPUTATIONAL
1973
01:44:18,360 --> 01:44:21,280
APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY THEM FROM
1974
01:44:21,280 --> 01:44:24,800
THEIR DYNAMIC SEQUENCES.
1975
01:44:24,800 --> 01:44:28,480
AND YOU MAY SAY, LAUREN CAN YOU
1976
01:44:28,480 --> 01:44:31,480
READ THE NEWS IN ALPHA FOLD 2
1977
01:44:31,480 --> 01:44:33,280
CAN ALREADY PREDICT FROM
1978
01:44:33,280 --> 01:44:36,680
SEQUENCE SO WHY DON'T YOU JUST
1979
01:44:36,680 --> 01:44:36,960
USE THAT.
1980
01:44:36,960 --> 01:44:43,560
BUT IT DIDN'T DO SO WELL
1981
01:44:43,560 --> 01:44:58,960
PREDICTING BOTH AND WE HAVE TWO
1982
01:44:58,960 --> 01:45:01,480
FOLDS AND TWO SECONDARY
1983
01:45:01,480 --> 01:45:01,800
STRUCTURES.
1984
01:45:01,800 --> 01:45:13,280
THAT'S IN THE PDB.
1985
01:45:13,280 --> 01:45:16,520
HERE REAR MEASURING PREDICTION
1986
01:45:16,520 --> 01:45:18,880
ACCURACY AND WE CAN USE A
1987
01:45:18,880 --> 01:45:21,280
MEASURE TO GET SIMILAR RESULTS
1988
01:45:21,280 --> 01:45:23,680
AND IF CAN CAPTURE BOTH
1989
01:45:23,680 --> 01:45:25,400
CONFIRMATIONS THROUGH LOOKING AT
1990
01:45:25,400 --> 01:45:28,080
MULTIPLES OF ITS MODELS, YOU'D
1991
01:45:28,080 --> 01:45:31,360
HAVE A FAIRLY EQUAL DISTRIBUTION
1992
01:45:31,360 --> 01:45:32,720
OF POINTS ALONG THE IDENTITY
1993
01:45:32,720 --> 01:45:33,480
LINE BUT THAT'S NOT WHAT YOU SEE
1994
01:45:33,480 --> 01:45:41,280
HERE.
1995
01:45:41,280 --> 01:45:43,960
AND PREDICTIONS ARE BIASSED
1996
01:45:43,960 --> 01:45:46,880
TOWARDS ONE FOLD.
1997
01:45:46,880 --> 01:45:52,840
AND SO ALPHA FOLD 2 AS POWERFUL
1998
01:45:52,840 --> 01:45:55,040
AND AMAZING TOOL IS NOT ABLE TO
1999
01:45:55,040 --> 01:45:56,800
CAPTURE FOLD SWITCHING BEHAVIOR.
2000
01:45:56,800 --> 01:46:00,520
SO WE DO NEEDLE ALTERNATIVE
2001
01:46:00,520 --> 01:46:01,360
METHODS TO LOOK AT FOLD
2002
01:46:01,360 --> 01:46:01,800
SWITCHING.
2003
01:46:01,800 --> 01:46:03,800
SO I WANTED TO APPROACH THIS
2004
01:46:03,800 --> 01:46:05,480
PROBLEM WITH A HYPOTHESIS AND
2005
01:46:05,480 --> 01:46:09,160
IT'S A SIMPLE ONE.
2006
01:46:09,160 --> 01:46:10,680
FOLD SWITCHING PROTEINS BECAUSE
2007
01:46:10,680 --> 01:46:12,280
THEY'RE CHANGING THEIR SECONDARY
2008
01:46:12,280 --> 01:46:15,280
STRUCTURES ARE LIKELY TO HAVE
2009
01:46:15,280 --> 01:46:17,280
SECONDARY STRUCTURE PROPENSITIES
2010
01:46:17,280 --> 01:46:23,680
FOR BOTH FOLDS NOT JUST ONE.
2011
01:46:23,680 --> 01:46:27,160
AND WE'LL TALK HOW WE TEST THE
2012
01:46:27,160 --> 01:46:28,960
HYPOTHESIS ON THE NESS G PROTEIN
2013
01:46:28,960 --> 01:46:29,200
FAMILY.
2014
01:46:29,200 --> 01:46:31,920
THIS FAMILY OF PROTEINS IS THE
2015
01:46:31,920 --> 01:46:34,000
ONLY KNOWN FAMILY OF
2016
01:46:34,000 --> 01:46:35,440
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS CONSERVED
2017
01:46:35,440 --> 01:46:40,240
ALL THE WAY FROM BACTERIA TO
2018
01:46:40,240 --> 01:46:40,480
HUMANS.
2019
01:46:40,480 --> 01:46:42,440
IT HAS ONE MEMBER WITH THE
2020
01:46:42,440 --> 01:46:47,160
STRUCTURE CALLED RFAH.
2021
01:46:47,160 --> 01:46:49,800
ALL THE THESE PROTEINS HAVE AN
2022
01:46:49,800 --> 01:46:51,040
END TERMINAL DOMAIN WITH THE
2023
01:46:51,040 --> 01:46:56,080
STRUCTURE YOU CAN SEE IN GRAY.
2024
01:46:56,080 --> 01:47:00,480
THAT BINDS TO RNA POLYMERASE
2025
01:47:00,480 --> 01:47:02,400
FOSTERING TRANSCRIPTIONAL READ
2026
01:47:02,400 --> 01:47:08,480
THROUGH AND RFAH HAS A DOMAIN
2027
01:47:08,480 --> 01:47:15,880
THAT FOLDS INTO AN ALPHA HELICAL
2028
01:47:15,880 --> 01:47:19,880
BUNDLE CONFIRMATION AND THAT
2029
01:47:19,880 --> 01:47:25,280
REGULATES RNA TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL
2030
01:47:25,280 --> 01:47:28,640
SPECIFICITY AND UPON BINDING OX
2031
01:47:28,640 --> 01:47:31,000
DNA AND RNA POLYMERASE THE C
2032
01:47:31,000 --> 01:47:33,480
TERMINAL DOMAIN, WE DON'T KNOW
2033
01:47:33,480 --> 01:47:37,160
HOW YET, DETACHES FROM THE END
2034
01:47:37,160 --> 01:47:39,680
TERMINAL DOMAIN AND REFOLDS INTO
2035
01:47:39,680 --> 01:47:49,280
THE ROLE THAT CAN THEN RECRUIT
2036
01:47:49,280 --> 01:47:51,440
AND FOSTER EFFICIENT
2037
01:47:51,440 --> 01:47:51,720
TRANSLATION.
2038
01:47:51,720 --> 01:47:53,280
THERE'S ONLY ONE STRUCTURE THAT
2039
01:47:53,280 --> 01:47:57,080
DOES THIS IN THE PDB AND THAT'S
2040
01:47:57,080 --> 01:48:01,240
RFAH I'M SHOWING YOU HERE BUT
2041
01:48:01,240 --> 01:48:04,160
THERE ARE NUMEROUS NESS G
2042
01:48:04,160 --> 01:48:05,720
STRUCTURES WITH THE SAME DOMAIN
2043
01:48:05,720 --> 01:48:07,400
STRUCTURE DISCUSSED BEFORE BUT
2044
01:48:07,400 --> 01:48:09,120
THE C TERMINAL DOMAIN AS FAR AS
2045
01:48:09,120 --> 01:48:13,240
ANYBODY KNOWS ONLY ASSUMES THE
2046
01:48:13,240 --> 01:48:23,200
BAY TO ROLE FOLD.
2047
01:48:23,200 --> 01:48:25,600
AND LOOKING AT THE C TERMINAL
2048
01:48:25,600 --> 01:48:27,080
DOMAIN TO LOOK WHETHER IT'SAL OR
2049
01:48:27,080 --> 01:48:30,200
BETA OR JUST BETA ALL THE TIME.
2050
01:48:30,200 --> 01:48:32,280
USUALLY WHEN ONE WANTS TO
2051
01:48:32,280 --> 01:48:34,680
PREDICT THE STRUCTURE OF THE
2052
01:48:34,680 --> 01:48:36,280
PROTEIN, IT WORKS LIKE THIS.
2053
01:48:36,280 --> 01:48:37,960
YOU TAKE THE FULL LENGTH
2054
01:48:37,960 --> 01:48:41,080
SEQUENCE OF THE PROTEIN AND
2055
01:48:41,080 --> 01:48:42,800
SEARCH FOR HOMOLOGOUS SEQUENCES
2056
01:48:42,800 --> 01:48:45,240
AND PROFILE THE AMINO ACIDS,
2057
01:48:45,240 --> 01:48:47,000
THERE'S MANY WAYS OF DOING THIS
2058
01:48:47,000 --> 01:48:51,320
THROUGH HIDDEN MARK-OFF MODELS
2059
01:48:51,320 --> 01:48:54,760
AND CO-EVOLUTION AND THERE'S
2060
01:48:54,760 --> 01:48:56,280
MANY WAYS THEY'RE PROFILED AND
2061
01:48:56,280 --> 01:48:58,160
THEY CAN BE MATCHED TO KNOWN
2062
01:48:58,160 --> 01:48:58,360
FOLDS.
2063
01:48:58,360 --> 01:49:01,880
THE PROBLEM IS THE SEQUENCE
2064
01:49:01,880 --> 01:49:05,760
PROFILES OF NESS G AND NFRH ARE
2065
01:49:05,760 --> 01:49:07,560
SIMILAR ENOUGH THEY PREDICT BOTH
2066
01:49:07,560 --> 01:49:10,080
OF THEM IN THE GROUND STATE WILL
2067
01:49:10,080 --> 01:49:12,680
ASSUME THIS BETA ROLE
2068
01:49:12,680 --> 01:49:16,000
CONFIRMATION IN THE C TERMINAL
2069
01:49:16,000 --> 01:49:21,840
DOMAIN THIS IS NOT ADEQUATE TO
2070
01:49:21,840 --> 01:49:22,480
DISTINGUISH BECAUSE THE SEQUENCE
2071
01:49:22,480 --> 01:49:23,400
PROFILES ARE SIMILAR.
2072
01:49:23,400 --> 01:49:25,280
TO GET AROUND THE PROBLEM WE
2073
01:49:25,280 --> 01:49:29,280
CAME UP WITH AN APPROACH CALLED
2074
01:49:29,280 --> 01:49:33,280
SECONDARY PROPENSITY CARE SON
2075
01:49:33,280 --> 01:49:36,160
AND THESE ARE THE SAME AS WHAT
2076
01:49:36,160 --> 01:49:38,760
YOU SEE UP HERE TO THE MATCH
2077
01:49:38,760 --> 01:49:42,400
PROFILE PART AND WE ALSO TAKE A
2078
01:49:42,400 --> 01:49:44,040
CROPPED PIECE OF THE SEQUENCE IN
2079
01:49:44,040 --> 01:49:46,120
THIS CASE WHAT CORRESPONDS TO
2080
01:49:46,120 --> 01:49:47,280
THE C TERMINAL DOMAIN.
2081
01:49:47,280 --> 01:49:49,800
WE GET TWO SEQUENCES WITH TWO
2082
01:49:49,800 --> 01:49:52,000
DIFFERENT PROFILES AND RUN THEM
2083
01:49:52,000 --> 01:49:54,520
THROUGH A SECONDARY STRUCTURE
2084
01:49:54,520 --> 01:49:56,880
PREDICTOR AND THE ONE OF CHOICE
2085
01:49:56,880 --> 01:50:00,680
IS J PRED 4 AND WE FOUND J PRED
2086
01:50:00,680 --> 01:50:03,480
4 WORKS BEATER AND WE CAN TALK
2087
01:50:03,480 --> 01:50:06,080
THAT ABOUT THAT LATER IF YOU
2088
01:50:06,080 --> 01:50:08,280
WANT AND THE J PRED 4 PREDICTS
2089
01:50:08,280 --> 01:50:11,920
BOTH THE C TERMINAL DOMAIN AND
2090
01:50:11,920 --> 01:50:14,120
THE FULL LENGTH ASSUME THE BETA
2091
01:50:14,120 --> 01:50:16,800
SHEET CONFIRMATION AND PREDICT
2092
01:50:16,800 --> 01:50:19,080
IT DOES NOT SWITCH FOLDS.
2093
01:50:19,080 --> 01:50:22,360
HOWEVER, FOR RFAH YOU CAN SEE WE
2094
01:50:22,360 --> 01:50:24,080
END UP WITH A DIFFERENT OUTCOME
2095
01:50:24,080 --> 01:50:27,160
HERE AND THE FULLth LENGTH IS
2096
01:50:27,160 --> 01:50:28,280
PREDICTED TO BE LIKE WHAT YOU'D
2097
01:50:28,280 --> 01:50:31,240
EXPECT FROM THE HOMOLOGY
2098
01:50:31,240 --> 01:50:34,040
PROFILING ALGORITHMS BUT WHEN WE
2099
01:50:34,040 --> 01:50:37,040
LOOK AT THE CROP C TERMINAL
2100
01:50:37,040 --> 01:50:38,640
DOMAIN YOU SEE THE COMBINATION
2101
01:50:38,640 --> 01:50:43,960
SIMILAR TO WHAT WE WERE HIGH
2102
01:50:43,960 --> 01:50:49,280
HYPOTHESIZING AND THE SECONDARY
2103
01:50:49,280 --> 01:50:52,200
PREDICTOR ALGORITHMS RARELY
2104
01:50:52,200 --> 01:50:53,040
CONFIRM PREDICTIONS AND BETA
2105
01:50:53,040 --> 01:50:55,920
SHEET PREDICTIONS IN SINGLE
2106
01:50:55,920 --> 01:50:57,280
FOLDING PROTEINS.
2107
01:50:57,280 --> 01:51:03,120
WE INTERPRET THESE ALPHA HELIX
2108
01:51:03,120 --> 01:51:06,720
DISCREPANCIES ESPECIALLY MANY IN
2109
01:51:06,720 --> 01:51:08,640
A ROW AS A STRONG SIGNAL FOR
2110
01:51:08,640 --> 01:51:09,280
FOLD SWITCHING.
2111
01:51:09,280 --> 01:51:14,360
SO IN THIS CASE WE PREDICT RFAH
2112
01:51:14,360 --> 01:51:16,360
WHICH ARE FOLDS WHICH IS
2113
01:51:16,360 --> 01:51:17,480
CONSISTENT WITH WHAT WE SEE
2114
01:51:17,480 --> 01:51:23,080
EXPERIMENTALLY.
2115
01:51:23,080 --> 01:51:24,880
AND THE APPROACH WORKS NOT ONLY
2116
01:51:24,880 --> 01:51:28,120
FOR RFAH BUT FOR A NUMBER OF
2117
01:51:28,120 --> 01:51:29,280
FOLD SWITCHING PROTEINS WITH
2118
01:51:29,280 --> 01:51:31,440
GOOD STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
2119
01:51:31,440 --> 01:51:31,960
AND GOOD CORRELATION.
2120
01:51:31,960 --> 01:51:36,400
IT SUGGESTS WE CAN USE IT BEYOND
2121
01:51:36,400 --> 01:51:38,120
RFAH BUT FOR VARIOUS REASONS
2122
01:51:38,120 --> 01:51:42,840
HAVING TO DO WITH EXPERIMENTAL
2123
01:51:42,840 --> 01:51:44,120
TRACTABILITY WE'RE STARTING WITH
2124
01:51:44,120 --> 01:51:45,920
THE MSG SEQUENCE AND WE CAN MAP
2125
01:51:45,920 --> 01:51:47,880
OUT THE BASE AND FIND OVER
2126
01:51:47,880 --> 01:51:50,880
15,000 NON-REDUNDANT SEQUENCES.
2127
01:51:50,880 --> 01:51:55,920
WE CAN CLUSTER THOSE USING A
2128
01:51:55,920 --> 01:51:59,320
GLOM RATIVE SEQUENCING AND END
2129
01:51:59,320 --> 01:52:03,800
UP IN 304 CLUSTERS AND CAN
2130
01:52:03,800 --> 01:52:06,640
CONNECT I AND J IF THE SEQUENCES
2131
01:52:06,640 --> 01:52:09,040
IN BOTH CLUSTERS ARE AT LEAST
2132
01:52:09,040 --> 01:52:09,280
24%.
2133
01:52:09,280 --> 01:52:12,320
THIS IS A CUT-OFF TO CONDITION
2134
01:52:12,320 --> 01:52:13,240
SOMEONE'S EXPECTATIONS ON
2135
01:52:13,240 --> 01:52:14,320
WHETHER THE PROTEIN WOULD OR
2136
01:52:14,320 --> 01:52:17,240
WOULD NOT ASSUME THE SAME FOLD
2137
01:52:17,240 --> 01:52:21,240
AND THEN WE CAN USE VARIABLE
2138
01:52:21,240 --> 01:52:22,880
STRUCTURE COMPARISON SO INFER
2139
01:52:22,880 --> 01:52:24,320
FOLD SWITCHING OR SINGLE
2140
01:52:24,320 --> 01:52:25,080
FOLDING.
2141
01:52:25,080 --> 01:52:27,120
WHEN WE DO THIS WE COME UP WITH
2142
01:52:27,120 --> 01:52:30,000
A FORCE DIRECTED GRAPH SO THE
2143
01:52:30,000 --> 01:52:31,360
CONSEQUENCES CLOSER OR CLUSTERS
2144
01:52:31,360 --> 01:52:34,880
CLOSER IN SPACE TO ONE ANOTHER
2145
01:52:34,880 --> 01:52:35,800
HAVE CLOSER AVERAGE OVERALL
2146
01:52:35,800 --> 01:52:37,280
SEQUENCE IDENTITY TO ONE
2147
01:52:37,280 --> 01:52:41,280
ANOTHER.
2148
01:52:41,280 --> 01:52:48,160
AND THERE'S OVER 00 -- 100
2149
01:52:48,160 --> 01:52:50,440
SEQUENCES ANY TWO CONNECTS BY AN
2150
01:52:50,440 --> 01:52:53,280
EDGE HAVE AT LEAST AN AVERAGE
2151
01:52:53,280 --> 01:53:00,520
IDENTITY OF 24%.
2152
01:53:00,520 --> 01:53:05,160
WE FIND IN CERTAIN PLACES OF
2153
01:53:05,160 --> 01:53:07,360
SEQUENCE SPACE MANY CLUSTERS ARE
2154
01:53:07,360 --> 01:53:09,040
PREDICTED TO SWITCH FOLDS AND
2155
01:53:09,040 --> 01:53:10,640
OTHER PLACES MANY ARE NOT AND IN
2156
01:53:10,640 --> 01:53:15,600
SOME CASES WE SEE A MIXTURE.
2157
01:53:15,600 --> 01:53:18,200
OVERALL, WE PREDICT THE TOTAL
2158
01:53:18,200 --> 01:53:19,880
PREDICTED FOLD SWITCHING
2159
01:53:19,880 --> 01:53:22,400
PERCENTAGE OF FOLD SWITCHING
2160
01:53:22,400 --> 01:53:24,600
PROTEINS IS ABOUT 25% WHICH IS
2161
01:53:24,600 --> 01:53:25,920
SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN WHAT
2162
01:53:25,920 --> 01:53:27,160
WE ESTIMATED FOR PROTEINS
2163
01:53:27,160 --> 01:53:30,200
OVERALL.
2164
01:53:30,200 --> 01:53:32,840
AND THIS IS CONSISTENT WITH NES
2165
01:53:32,840 --> 01:53:36,080
G DATA SETS WE'D EXPECT TO NOT
2166
01:53:36,080 --> 01:53:42,280
SWITCH FOLDS BUT HAVE SOME SORT
2167
01:53:42,280 --> 01:53:43,440
OF SPLITTING FOR OTHER
2168
01:53:43,440 --> 01:53:45,880
UNANNOTATED PROTEINS.
2169
01:53:45,880 --> 01:53:51,680
SO PREDICTIONS ARE NICE BUT IT'S
2170
01:53:51,680 --> 01:53:55,960
NICE TO BE ABLE TO VALIDATE OUR
2171
01:53:55,960 --> 01:54:01,280
PREDICTIONS EXPERIMENTALLY.
2172
01:54:01,280 --> 01:54:13,160
WE USE SPECTRUM DISCOPROCY AND
2173
01:54:13,160 --> 01:54:16,760
WE COMPARE THE BETWEEN PROTEINS
2174
01:54:16,760 --> 01:54:19,280
AND CD DOES AN ESPECIALLY GOOD
2175
01:54:19,280 --> 01:54:27,360
JOB OF PICKING OUT ALPHA HELICAL
2176
01:54:27,360 --> 01:54:28,200
STRUCTURES AND WHEREAS BETA
2177
01:54:28,200 --> 01:54:31,120
SHEET HAS A LESS INTENSE SIGNAL
2178
01:54:31,120 --> 01:54:35,960
WITH ONE MINIMUM AROUND 217 AND
2179
01:54:35,960 --> 01:54:41,280
THERE'S A FLAT SIGNAL AND HAS A
2180
01:54:41,280 --> 01:54:43,040
MINIMUM AROUND 195.
2181
01:54:43,040 --> 01:54:44,240
THE ASSUMPTION WE'RE MAKING IS
2182
01:54:44,240 --> 01:54:49,960
THE END TERMINAL DOMAINS OF ALL
2183
01:54:49,960 --> 01:54:54,080
MSG PROTEINS HAVE MORE OR LESS
2184
01:54:54,080 --> 01:54:56,840
THE SAME STRUCTURE COMPOSITION.
2185
01:54:56,840 --> 01:54:58,680
THERE ARE QUITE A FEW SOLVED
2186
01:54:58,680 --> 01:55:00,720
PROTEINS IN THE PROTEIN FAMILY
2187
01:55:00,720 --> 01:55:01,960
AVAILABLE IN THE DATA BANK AND
2188
01:55:01,960 --> 01:55:22,480
ALL DO ASSUME THE SAME AND THIS
2189
01:55:22,480 --> 01:55:24,120
ASSUMES WHETHER IT'S ON THE FOLD
2190
01:55:24,120 --> 01:55:28,400
AND WE CAN TEST THIS ON THE
2191
01:55:28,400 --> 01:55:30,160
PROTEIN THAT MIGHT HAVE SOLVED
2192
01:55:30,160 --> 01:55:30,480
STRUCTURES.
2193
01:55:30,480 --> 01:55:31,680
WE DO TWO DIFFERENT PREPS ON TWO
2194
01:55:31,680 --> 01:55:32,880
DIFFERENT DAYS.
2195
01:55:32,880 --> 01:55:36,280
YOU CAN SEE THAT RFAH INDEED HAS
2196
01:55:36,280 --> 01:55:41,280
A MORE INTENSE SIGNAL WITH TWO
2197
01:55:41,280 --> 01:55:47,400
PRONOUNCES MINIMUM AND NES G HAS
2198
01:55:47,400 --> 01:55:50,880
LESS PRONOUNCED MINIMUM AND WE
2199
01:55:50,880 --> 01:55:52,680
DID DIFFERENT PREPS ON DIFFERENT
2200
01:55:52,680 --> 01:55:52,880
DAYS.
2201
01:55:52,880 --> 01:55:59,720
WE CAN LINEARLY DECOMPOSE THE
2202
01:55:59,720 --> 01:56:01,360
TWO SPECTRA TO GET PERCENTAGES
2203
01:56:01,360 --> 01:56:04,680
AND TAKE A RATIO OF THOSE SO IF
2204
01:56:04,680 --> 01:56:07,680
WE TAKE THE RATIO OF ALPHA HELIX
2205
01:56:07,680 --> 01:56:09,680
TO BETA STRAND IN A GIVEN
2206
01:56:09,680 --> 01:56:12,520
STRUCTURE YOU CAN SEE THERE'S
2207
01:56:12,520 --> 01:56:14,360
SIGNIFICANTLY MORE BETA STRAND
2208
01:56:14,360 --> 01:56:18,680
IN NES G AND SIGNIFICANTLY MORE
2209
01:56:18,680 --> 01:56:21,680
HELIX IN THE OTHER WE CAN
2210
01:56:21,680 --> 01:56:22,360
EXPECT.
2211
01:56:22,360 --> 01:56:24,360
WE SELECT OUR SEQUENCE AND
2212
01:56:24,360 --> 01:56:26,160
PREDICT WHETHER IT SWITCHES
2213
01:56:26,160 --> 01:56:32,080
FOLDS AND CAN TEST USING CD FOR
2214
01:56:32,080 --> 01:56:32,320
OPENERS.
2215
01:56:32,320 --> 01:56:35,360
WE SELECTED ACTUAL 16 BUT ONLY
2216
01:56:35,360 --> 01:56:37,920
10 WORKED SEQUENCES FROM ALL
2217
01:56:37,920 --> 01:56:40,480
OVER SEQUENCE SPACE.
2218
01:56:40,480 --> 01:56:42,280
THEY'RE HIGHLY DIVERSE, MOST
2219
01:56:42,280 --> 01:56:45,080
SEQUENCES HAVE LESS THAN 30%
2220
01:56:45,080 --> 01:56:47,040
PARALYZED IDENTITY TO ONE
2221
01:56:47,040 --> 01:56:47,520
ANOTHER.
2222
01:56:47,520 --> 01:56:51,520
THEY'RE FROM ALL DIFFERENT
2223
01:56:51,520 --> 01:56:52,120
BACTERIA PHILA AND DIFFERENT
2224
01:56:52,120 --> 01:56:53,080
SEQUENCE BASE.
2225
01:56:53,080 --> 01:56:55,840
YOU CAN SEE FOR THESE FOUR
2226
01:56:55,840 --> 01:56:57,880
SEQUENCES THAT WE PREDICTED TO
2227
01:56:57,880 --> 01:57:01,800
NOT SWITCH FOLDS THAT HAVE
2228
01:57:01,800 --> 01:57:05,880
CONSIDERABLY MORE BETA SHEET
2229
01:57:05,880 --> 01:57:09,240
CHARACTER AND CONSIDERABLY LESS
2230
01:57:09,240 --> 01:57:11,880
ALPHA HELICAL CHARACTER WHEREAS
2231
01:57:11,880 --> 01:57:14,520
FOR OUR PREDICTED FOLD SWITCHERS
2232
01:57:14,520 --> 01:57:29,120
THERE'S MORE ALPHA HELICAL
2233
01:57:29,120 --> 01:57:30,840
STRUCTURE AND THAT GIVES
2234
01:57:30,840 --> 01:57:33,080
CONFIDENCE WHAT GOES ABOVE IT
2235
01:57:33,080 --> 01:57:35,680
PROBABLY ALSO HAS AN ALPHA
2236
01:57:35,680 --> 01:57:37,800
HELICAL DOMAIN AND YOU CAN SEE
2237
01:57:37,800 --> 01:57:41,280
THE CD SPECTRA OF OUR SINGLE
2238
01:57:41,280 --> 01:57:44,680
FOLDING VARIANTS CLUSTER
2239
01:57:44,680 --> 01:57:46,600
TOGETHER NICELY AND MOST THE
2240
01:57:46,600 --> 01:57:49,440
FOLD SWITCHING VARIANTS DO AS
2241
01:57:49,440 --> 01:57:49,680
WELL.
2242
01:57:49,680 --> 01:57:51,440
AGAIN WE HAVE THE ASSUMPTION THE
2243
01:57:51,440 --> 01:57:52,880
END TERMINAL DOMAIN ALWAYS
2244
01:57:52,880 --> 01:57:54,240
MAINTAINS THE SAME STRUCTURE.
2245
01:57:54,240 --> 01:57:56,560
SO WE WANTED TO LOOK AT A COUPLE
2246
01:57:56,560 --> 01:57:59,520
VARIANTS IN MORE DETAIL AND FOR
2247
01:57:59,520 --> 01:58:06,360
THAT WE TURN TO NMR SPECTROSCOPY
2248
01:58:06,360 --> 01:58:07,920
AND USED AN EXPERIMENT.
2249
01:58:07,920 --> 01:58:12,280
ON THE X WE HAVE HYDROGEN
2250
01:58:12,280 --> 01:58:14,880
CHEMICAL SHIFTS AND EACH SHIFT
2251
01:58:14,880 --> 01:58:20,040
CORRESPONDS IN THIS CASE TO A
2252
01:58:20,040 --> 01:58:25,880
BACKBONE AMID AND EACH AMINO
2253
01:58:25,880 --> 01:58:28,160
ACID WILL HAVE A SHIFT AND
2254
01:58:28,160 --> 01:58:31,920
THERE'S SOME CASES WHERE THERE'S
2255
01:58:31,920 --> 01:58:33,280
CHEMICAL SHIFTS BUT MOST
2256
01:58:33,280 --> 01:58:41,280
CHEMICAL SHIFTS DO CORRESPOND TO
2257
01:58:41,280 --> 01:58:43,960
BACKBONE A MINUS AND IF WE
2258
01:58:43,960 --> 01:58:45,240
CHANGE CONDITIONS WE HAVE TWO
2259
01:58:45,240 --> 01:58:46,280
POTENTIAL POPULATIONS.
2260
01:58:46,280 --> 01:58:48,960
ONE IS THAT THE CHEMICAL SHIFTS
2261
01:58:48,960 --> 01:58:50,920
STAY THE SAME AND THAT WOULD
2262
01:58:50,920 --> 01:58:51,720
MEAN THE PROTEIN'S ENVIRONMENT
2263
01:58:51,720 --> 01:58:53,760
IS ESSENTIALLY THE SAME OR THE
2264
01:58:53,760 --> 01:58:55,920
CHEMICAL SHIFTS COULD CHANGE AND
2265
01:58:55,920 --> 01:58:58,320
THAT WOULD MEAN THE PROTEIN'S
2266
01:58:58,320 --> 01:59:00,520
ENVIRONMENT HAS ALSO CHANGED.
2267
01:59:00,520 --> 01:59:03,480
AND SO WE CAN DO THIS EXPERIMENT
2268
01:59:03,480 --> 01:59:06,720
ON VARIANT 8 WHICH IS PREDICTED
2269
01:59:06,720 --> 01:59:08,600
TO NOT SWITCH FOLDS.
2270
01:59:08,600 --> 01:59:11,440
ALL C TERMINAL DOMAINS OF ALL
2271
01:59:11,440 --> 01:59:12,360
VARIANTS IF EXPRESSED IN
2272
01:59:12,360 --> 01:59:15,080
ISOLATION ARE EXPECTED TO ASSUME
2273
01:59:15,080 --> 01:59:19,320
A BETA FOLD AND SO YOU CAN SEE
2274
01:59:19,320 --> 01:59:21,880
IF WE SUPER IMPOSE THE C
2275
01:59:21,880 --> 01:59:25,880
TERMINAL DOMAIN OF VARIANT 8 WE
2276
01:59:25,880 --> 01:59:31,720
GET 98% PEAK OVERLAP STRONGLY
2277
01:59:31,720 --> 01:59:33,280
SHOWING THE CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT
2278
01:59:33,280 --> 01:59:35,560
HAS NOT CHANGE AND THE PROTEIN
2279
01:59:35,560 --> 01:59:37,760
IS NOT SWITCHING FOLD BUT HERE
2280
01:59:37,760 --> 01:59:39,280
IN THE WHOLE PROTEIN SHOULD BE
2281
01:59:39,280 --> 01:59:42,320
ALPHA HELIX BUT IN THE C
2282
01:59:42,320 --> 01:59:43,680
TERMINAL DOMAIN SHOULD BE BETA
2283
01:59:43,680 --> 01:59:43,960
SHEET.
2284
01:59:43,960 --> 01:59:47,040
YOU CAN SEE IN THIS CASE THERE'S
2285
01:59:47,040 --> 01:59:49,400
VERY LITTLE PEAK OVERLAP BETWEEN
2286
01:59:49,400 --> 01:59:52,160
THE C TERMINAL DOMAIN AND WHOLE
2287
01:59:52,160 --> 01:59:55,040
PROTEIN, ONLY 12%.
2288
01:59:55,040 --> 01:59:56,080
HOWEVER, CHANGES IN PEAK OVERLAP
2289
01:59:56,080 --> 01:59:58,280
COULD BE FOR OTHER REASONS THAN
2290
01:59:58,280 --> 01:59:58,680
SWITCHING FOLDS.
2291
01:59:58,680 --> 02:00:03,280
SO TO DIG DEEPER WE FIRST
2292
02:00:03,280 --> 02:00:05,080
MEASURED OR ASSIGNED THE C
2293
02:00:05,080 --> 02:00:06,880
TERMINAL DOMAIN'S EXPRESSED IN
2294
02:00:06,880 --> 02:00:08,520
ISOLATION OF BOTH VARIANT 8 AND
2295
02:00:08,520 --> 02:00:11,600
VARIANT 5 AND YOU CAN SEE THEY
2296
02:00:11,600 --> 02:00:17,680
BOTH HAVE STRONG BETA SHEET
2297
02:00:17,680 --> 02:00:26,720
CHARACTER AS REPORTED BY THE
2298
02:00:26,720 --> 02:00:29,400
PEOPLE ON THE CALL AND BY
2299
02:00:29,400 --> 02:00:32,280
CONTRAST YOU CAN SEE WE'RE IN
2300
02:00:32,280 --> 02:00:34,960
ISOLATION BUT IT WAS NEARLY ALL
2301
02:00:34,960 --> 02:00:37,480
BETA SHEET OR COIL WHEN
2302
02:00:37,480 --> 02:00:40,160
EXPRESSED IN THE WHOLE PROTEIN
2303
02:00:40,160 --> 02:00:41,960
IT'S ALPHA HELIX.
2304
02:00:41,960 --> 02:00:46,520
THIS IS MUCH MORE HIGH
2305
02:00:46,520 --> 02:00:47,800
RESOLUTION SUPPORT SHOWING AT
2306
02:00:47,800 --> 02:00:49,280
LEAST VARIANT 5 IS SWITCHING
2307
02:00:49,280 --> 02:00:49,680
FOLDS.
2308
02:00:49,680 --> 02:00:51,080
NOW AN INTERESTING QUESTION THAT
2309
02:00:51,080 --> 02:00:54,240
COMES UP IS WELL, HOW DO OTHER
2310
02:00:54,240 --> 02:00:57,280
PROTEIN PREDICTION ALGORITHMS DO
2311
02:00:57,280 --> 02:00:58,680
ON VARIANT 5?
2312
02:00:58,680 --> 02:01:00,320
IN EVERY SINGLE CASE THEY
2313
02:01:00,320 --> 02:01:01,920
PREDICT THE GROUND STATE FOLD OF
2314
02:01:01,920 --> 02:01:05,360
VARIANT 5 IS BETA BARREL AND I'M
2315
02:01:05,360 --> 02:01:07,120
ONLY SHOWING ONE MODEL THAT'S
2316
02:01:07,120 --> 02:01:09,040
BECAUSE THERE'S A LOT OF
2317
02:01:09,040 --> 02:01:09,280
MOVEMENT.
2318
02:01:09,280 --> 02:01:10,880
YOU CAN'T SEE THINGS AS WELL IF
2319
02:01:10,880 --> 02:01:20,120
I WERE TO SUPER IMPOSE THEM ALL.
2320
02:01:20,120 --> 02:01:22,920
AND IT SEEMS LIKE WE ARE PICKING
2321
02:01:22,920 --> 02:01:25,680
UP THE STATE OF THE ART METHODS
2322
02:01:25,680 --> 02:01:31,400
ARE NOT IDENTIFYING YET.
2323
02:01:31,400 --> 02:01:34,880
AND IT SEEMS TO BE TRUE FOR ALL
2324
02:01:34,880 --> 02:01:37,200
SIX VARIANTS WE PREDICTED TO
2325
02:01:37,200 --> 02:01:39,680
SWITCH FOLDS WITH THE ONE
2326
02:01:39,680 --> 02:01:41,920
EXCEPTION OF VARIANT 3 AND ALPHA
2327
02:01:41,920 --> 02:01:42,320
FOLD 2.
2328
02:01:42,320 --> 02:01:44,160
THE IMPORTANT THING TO POINT OUT
2329
02:01:44,160 --> 02:01:47,520
IS THE STRUCTURE OF VARIANT 3
2330
02:01:47,520 --> 02:01:50,000
WITH THE EXACT SAME SEQUENCE WAS
2331
02:01:50,000 --> 02:01:51,880
IN ALPHA FOLD 2'S TRAINING SET.
2332
02:01:51,880 --> 02:01:53,720
IT'S NOT THAT IT PREDICTED ON
2333
02:01:53,720 --> 02:01:55,680
ITS OWN THE PROTEIN HAS A GROUND
2334
02:01:55,680 --> 02:01:58,480
STATE ALPHA HELICAL STRUCTURE
2335
02:01:58,480 --> 02:02:01,280
BUT RATHER IT'S BASICALLY JUST
2336
02:02:01,280 --> 02:02:03,080
SPITTING OUT WHAT IT WAS GIVEN
2337
02:02:03,080 --> 02:02:09,880
IN ITS TRAINING SET.
2338
02:02:09,880 --> 02:02:12,320
AND THERE'S OTHER STATE OF THE
2339
02:02:12,320 --> 02:02:15,040
METHODS THAT CAN'T PICK UP.
2340
02:02:15,040 --> 02:02:16,680
YOU MAY ASK WHY AREN'T THEY
2341
02:02:16,680 --> 02:02:17,680
PICKING IT UP AND SOMETHING
2342
02:02:17,680 --> 02:02:21,600
INTERESTING IS IF WE LOOK AT
2343
02:02:21,600 --> 02:02:24,280
ALPHA FOLD 2 PREDICTION
2344
02:02:24,280 --> 02:02:27,640
CONFIDENCES FOR SINGLE FOLDERS
2345
02:02:27,640 --> 02:02:31,280
AND DISORDERED PROTEIN WHICH ARE
2346
02:02:31,280 --> 02:02:32,880
CONFIRMATIONALLY HETEROGENEOUS
2347
02:02:32,880 --> 02:02:35,040
IT KNOWS THE CONFIDENCES ARE LOW
2348
02:02:35,040 --> 02:02:36,280
FOR A LOT OF DISORDERED PROTEINS
2349
02:02:36,280 --> 02:02:36,880
SO IT KNOWS WHAT IT DOESN'T
2350
02:02:36,880 --> 02:02:43,920
KNOW.
2351
02:02:43,920 --> 02:02:46,920
AND FOR FOLDING OFTEN THE
2352
02:02:46,920 --> 02:02:49,280
CONFIDENCES ARE HIGH NOT FOR
2353
02:02:49,280 --> 02:02:53,200
SINGLE FOLD BUT MORE THAN FOR
2354
02:02:53,200 --> 02:02:54,080
DISORDERED PROTEINS AND THERE'S
2355
02:02:54,080 --> 02:02:54,960
TWO REASONS.
2356
02:02:54,960 --> 02:02:57,080
ONE IS BECAUSE OF THE MULTIPLE
2357
02:02:57,080 --> 02:03:02,000
SEQUENCE ALIGNMENTS OR ONE COULD
2358
02:03:02,000 --> 02:03:08,480
BE ITS LEARNING MODEL FOR
2359
02:03:08,480 --> 02:03:08,760
STRUCTURE.
2360
02:03:08,760 --> 02:03:11,080
WE LOOKED AT AVERAGE PREDICTION
2361
02:03:11,080 --> 02:03:12,480
CONFIDENCE FOR FIVE MODELS AND
2362
02:03:12,480 --> 02:03:15,520
YOU CAN SEE THEY'RE COMPLETELY
2363
02:03:15,520 --> 02:03:15,880
UNCORRELATED.
2364
02:03:15,880 --> 02:03:17,320
THERE'S ALSO BASICALLY NO
2365
02:03:17,320 --> 02:03:18,440
CORRELATION BETWEEN AVERAGE
2366
02:03:18,440 --> 02:03:20,560
PREDICTION CONFIDENCE AND
2367
02:03:20,560 --> 02:03:21,080
EVOLUTIONARY RATES.
2368
02:03:21,080 --> 02:03:24,280
SO IT SEEMS LIKE AT LEAST THE
2369
02:03:24,280 --> 02:03:25,400
OBVIOUS PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLE
2370
02:03:25,400 --> 02:03:29,040
SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT THAT MIGHT
2371
02:03:29,040 --> 02:03:30,280
AFFECT PREDICTION CONFIDENCES
2372
02:03:30,280 --> 02:03:32,840
AREN'T AND SO WE THINK THE ALPHA
2373
02:03:32,840 --> 02:03:35,680
FOLD 2 LIKELY SEARCHS FOR ONE
2374
02:03:35,680 --> 02:03:38,040
MOST PROBABLE CONFIRMATION AND
2375
02:03:38,040 --> 02:03:40,080
MISSES OTHER PROTEIN PROPERTIES
2376
02:03:40,080 --> 02:03:44,720
SUCH AS FOLD SWITCHING.
2377
02:03:44,720 --> 02:03:48,000
THIS HAS BEEN SHOWN BY OTHERS AS
2378
02:03:48,000 --> 02:03:49,120
WELL THAT SHOWED IT CAN'T
2379
02:03:49,120 --> 02:03:50,000
CAPTURE FOLDING PATHWAYS FOR
2380
02:03:50,000 --> 02:03:56,040
PROTEINS.
2381
02:03:56,040 --> 02:03:59,680
THEN THE QUESTION IS HOW CAN WE
2382
02:03:59,680 --> 02:04:00,880
PREDICT FOLD SWITCHING?
2383
02:04:00,880 --> 02:04:05,280
IT WOULD BE NICE TO BE ABLE TO
2384
02:04:05,280 --> 02:04:06,560
PREDICT THREE DIMENSIONAL
2385
02:04:06,560 --> 02:04:08,840
STRUCTURES OF TWO FOLDS FROM ONE
2386
02:04:08,840 --> 02:04:09,200
SEQUENCE.
2387
02:04:09,200 --> 02:04:11,360
I WANT TO REFERENCE WORK DONE BY
2388
02:04:11,360 --> 02:04:13,200
JOSEPH SCHAFER IN THE LAB A
2389
02:04:13,200 --> 02:04:14,600
POST-DOC THAT STARTED IN AUGUST
2390
02:04:14,600 --> 02:04:16,120
AND HE'LL TELL YOU MORE DETAILS
2391
02:04:16,120 --> 02:04:19,440
OF WHAT HE'S BEEN DOING BUT
2392
02:04:19,440 --> 02:04:21,240
THROUGH SOME SOPHISTICATED
2393
02:04:21,240 --> 02:04:24,760
FILTERING AND CLUSTERING WE HAVE
2394
02:04:24,760 --> 02:04:28,280
BEEN ABLE TO IDENTIFY DUAL-FOLD
2395
02:04:28,280 --> 02:04:30,920
CONTACTS IN FOLD-SWITCHING
2396
02:04:30,920 --> 02:04:31,280
SEQUENCES.
2397
02:04:31,280 --> 02:04:33,480
I'LL EXPLAIN WHAT THIS.
2398
02:04:33,480 --> 02:04:35,240
THIS IS A CONTACT MAP.
2399
02:04:35,240 --> 02:04:41,280
ANY DOT YOU CAN SEE IN BLACK,
2400
02:04:41,280 --> 02:04:43,520
WHITE OR GRAY IS AN
2401
02:04:43,520 --> 02:04:46,880
EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED
2402
02:04:46,880 --> 02:04:49,000
CONTACT AND FIVE ATOMS WITHIN
2403
02:04:49,000 --> 02:04:50,520
FIVE ANGSTROMS TO ONE ANOTHER
2404
02:04:50,520 --> 02:04:53,120
AND THEY'RE UNIQUE TO THE BETA
2405
02:04:53,120 --> 02:04:56,000
SHEET FOLD HERE AND ANYTHING
2406
02:04:56,000 --> 02:04:59,280
WHITE IS UNIQUE TO THE ALPHA
2407
02:04:59,280 --> 02:05:00,000
HELICAL FOLD HERE.
2408
02:05:00,000 --> 02:05:04,920
YOU CAN SEE WE PICK UP CONTACT
2409
02:05:04,920 --> 02:05:07,520
IN THE MATCH AND PICK UP CORRECT
2410
02:05:07,520 --> 02:05:10,160
CONTACTS FOR BOTH STRUCTURES AND
2411
02:05:10,160 --> 02:05:12,360
WE'RE OPTIMISTIC WE COULD ABLE
2412
02:05:12,360 --> 02:05:21,960
TO MAP THESE CONTACTS ON TO
2413
02:05:21,960 --> 02:05:23,240
THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES AND
2414
02:05:23,240 --> 02:05:25,840
WE WANT TO IN THE FUTURE.
2415
02:05:25,840 --> 02:05:30,600
THIS DOESN'T JUST WORK FOR RFAH
2416
02:05:30,600 --> 02:05:35,280
BUT FOR THE PROTEIN AND WHAT
2417
02:05:35,280 --> 02:05:37,880
REGULATES THE CIRCADIAN CLOCK
2418
02:05:37,880 --> 02:05:39,720
AND WHAT IS INVOLVED IN
2419
02:05:39,720 --> 02:05:40,680
BACTERIAL CELL DIVISION.
2420
02:05:40,680 --> 02:05:43,920
WE'RE OPTIMISTIC THIS CAN BE USE
2421
02:05:43,920 --> 02:05:49,080
FOR A NUMBER OF FOLD-SWITCHING
2422
02:05:49,080 --> 02:05:52,680
PROTEINS AND INDICATES FOLD
2423
02:05:52,680 --> 02:05:54,880
SWITCHING IS SELECTED FOR
2424
02:05:54,880 --> 02:06:00,040
EVOLUTIONARY AND IT HIGHLIGHTS
2425
02:06:00,040 --> 02:06:04,320
THE FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCE IN THE
2426
02:06:04,320 --> 02:06:07,560
LAST FIVE MINUTES I WANT TO TALK
2427
02:06:07,560 --> 02:06:08,080
ABOUT FUTURE DIRECTION.
2428
02:06:08,080 --> 02:06:13,600
ONE IS OBSERVATIONAL AND ONE IS
2429
02:06:13,600 --> 02:06:20,680
MECHANISTIC AND OF THE PROJECTS
2430
02:06:20,680 --> 02:06:24,520
FIVE ARE EXPERIMENTS AND WE WANT
2431
02:06:24,520 --> 02:06:27,040
TO LOOK AT ANALYSIS AND A
2432
02:06:27,040 --> 02:06:29,080
TECHNICIAN IN MY LAB HAS BEEN
2433
02:06:29,080 --> 02:06:32,080
DEVELOPING TO DEVELOP A HIGH
2434
02:06:32,080 --> 02:06:41,480
THROUGHPUT PRU TEEN PURIFICATION
2435
02:06:41,480 --> 02:06:43,280
MODEL AND IT LOOKS LIKE WE
2436
02:06:43,280 --> 02:06:48,720
SHOULD BE ABLE TO PRODUCE UP TO
2437
02:06:48,720 --> 02:06:58,760
18 RFAH PROTEINS AND RUN
2438
02:06:58,760 --> 02:07:01,200
CIRCULAR PREDICTIONS AND SEE
2439
02:07:01,200 --> 02:07:03,480
WHERE THEY WORK AND FAIL AND
2440
02:07:03,480 --> 02:07:04,320
WHY.
2441
02:07:04,320 --> 02:07:06,680
WE WANT TO PREDICT WHETHER A
2442
02:07:06,680 --> 02:07:08,560
PROTEIN SWITCHES FOLD BUT WHICH
2443
02:07:08,560 --> 02:07:11,920
FOLDS IT ASSUMES AND EVENTUALLY
2444
02:07:11,920 --> 02:07:15,920
WE'D LIKE TO GENERATE THREE
2445
02:07:15,920 --> 02:07:17,200
DIMENSIONAL MODELS FOR
2446
02:07:17,200 --> 02:07:33,880
STRUCTURES AND FOLD SWITCHING
2447
02:07:33,880 --> 02:07:36,480
SEEMS TO BE PRESERVED IN
2448
02:07:36,480 --> 02:07:39,600
DIFFERENT LIFE AND WE WOULD LIKE
2449
02:07:39,600 --> 02:07:40,600
TO KNOW WHETHER ALL FOLD
2450
02:07:40,600 --> 02:07:42,640
SWITCHING PROTEINS EVOLVE FROM
2451
02:07:42,640 --> 02:07:45,000
ONE COMMON ANCESTOR OR IT'S
2452
02:07:45,000 --> 02:07:46,800
EVOLVED MORE THAN ONCE AND
2453
02:07:46,800 --> 02:07:49,880
MOVING TO THE MECHANISTIC SIDE
2454
02:07:49,880 --> 02:07:51,080
WE'RE INTERESTED IN IDENTIFYING
2455
02:07:51,080 --> 02:07:55,960
LOCAL INTERACTIONS THAT FOSTER
2456
02:07:55,960 --> 02:07:57,240
RFAH FOLD SWITCHING.
2457
02:07:57,240 --> 02:07:59,640
WE HYPOTHESIZED I SAID IN THE
2458
02:07:59,640 --> 02:08:01,720
BEGINNING PROPENSITIES ARE LOCAL
2459
02:08:01,720 --> 02:08:03,280
AT LEAST SOMEWHAT IN NATURE AND
2460
02:08:03,280 --> 02:08:08,680
WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO MAKE LOCAL
2461
02:08:08,680 --> 02:08:09,920
MUTATIONS THAT AFFECT THE RFAH
2462
02:08:09,920 --> 02:08:12,760
IN THIS CASE AND WE HAVE
2463
02:08:12,760 --> 02:08:13,520
PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE SUGGESTING
2464
02:08:13,520 --> 02:08:16,680
THIS APPROACH DOES WORK AND WE
2465
02:08:16,680 --> 02:08:19,360
IDENTIFIED A PAIR OF PROTEINS IN
2466
02:08:19,360 --> 02:08:23,240
THE RFAH FAMILY THAT ARE 76%
2467
02:08:23,240 --> 02:08:24,360
IDENTICAL AND FROM THE DATA WE
2468
02:08:24,360 --> 02:08:27,160
HAVE IT APPEARS ONE SWITCHES
2469
02:08:27,160 --> 02:08:29,000
FOLDS AND THE OTHER DOESN'T AND
2470
02:08:29,000 --> 02:08:31,040
WE SEE THIS AS A GREAT
2471
02:08:31,040 --> 02:08:32,000
OPPORTUNITY TO SEARCH MANY
2472
02:08:32,000 --> 02:08:42,280
POSSIBLE MUTATIONAL PATHWAYS TO
2473
02:08:42,280 --> 02:08:44,240
IDENTIFY SEQUENCES AND LOOK AT
2474
02:08:44,240 --> 02:08:47,120
THE MINIMAL NUMBER OF MUTATIONS
2475
02:08:47,120 --> 02:08:49,280
TO CAUSE IT TO SWITCH FOLDS AND
2476
02:08:49,280 --> 02:08:51,160
FINALLY WE'D LIKE TO MEASURE THE
2477
02:08:51,160 --> 02:08:52,680
FOLDING FREE ENERGIES OF
2478
02:08:52,680 --> 02:08:55,960
CONFIRMATIONS OF RFAH AND TO THE
2479
02:08:55,960 --> 02:08:58,760
C TERMINAL AND TERMINAL DOMAIN
2480
02:08:58,760 --> 02:08:59,480
INTERFACE.
2481
02:08:59,480 --> 02:09:03,640
JOSEPH SCHAFER HAS ALSO WORKED
2482
02:09:03,640 --> 02:09:05,880
ON A VARIANT WE THINK MIGHT
2483
02:09:05,880 --> 02:09:09,080
ALLOW A THERMAL DYNAMIC CYCLE TO
2484
02:09:09,080 --> 02:09:11,840
TEASE OUT ALL THREE OF THE
2485
02:09:11,840 --> 02:09:13,680
ENERGIES AND HOPING PUTTING THIS
2486
02:09:13,680 --> 02:09:16,480
TOGETHER WILL HAVE A BETTER
2487
02:09:16,480 --> 02:09:18,600
PREDICTIVE AND BIO PHYSICAL
2488
02:09:18,600 --> 02:09:21,040
FRAMEWORK FOR FOLD SWITCHING TO
2489
02:09:21,040 --> 02:09:22,280
EVENTUALLY TAKE SEQUENCES OF
2490
02:09:22,280 --> 02:09:23,480
WHOLE GENOMES AND PUT THEM
2491
02:09:23,480 --> 02:09:25,280
THROUGH OUR SOFTWARE AND
2492
02:09:25,280 --> 02:09:27,680
PREDICT, KNOW WHERE THIS IS
2493
02:09:27,680 --> 02:09:28,880
HAPPENING BIOLOGICALLY AND BE
2494
02:09:28,880 --> 02:09:30,600
ABLE TO TEST IT IN THE LAB AND
2495
02:09:30,600 --> 02:09:32,080
POTENTIALLY DISCOVER BIOLOGICAL
2496
02:09:32,080 --> 02:09:33,280
PATHWAYS THAT HAVEN'T BEEN FOUND
2497
02:09:33,280 --> 02:09:36,600
YET.
2498
02:09:36,600 --> 02:09:38,000
WITH THAT I'D LIKE TO THANK ALL
2499
02:09:38,000 --> 02:09:41,720
THESE PEOPLE, ESPECIALLY THESE
2500
02:09:41,720 --> 02:09:43,400
PEOPLE WHO STARTED IN THE LAB IN
2501
02:09:43,400 --> 02:09:45,280
AUGUST AND HAVE BEEN DOING A
2502
02:09:45,280 --> 02:09:48,160
FANTASTIC JOB AND I THANK YOU
2503
02:09:48,160 --> 02:09:49,960
FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND HAPPY TO
2504
02:09:49,960 --> 02:09:57,880
TAKE ANY QUESTIONS.
2505
02:09:57,880 --> 02:10:01,240
>> THANK YOU, VERY MUCH, LAUREN.
2506
02:10:01,240 --> 02:10:03,400
I'LL KNOW OPEN IT UP TO LAUREN.
2507
02:10:03,400 --> 02:10:04,960
THAT WAS A GREAT PRESENTATION
2508
02:10:04,960 --> 02:10:06,840
AND YOU GOT DONE A COUPLE
2509
02:10:06,840 --> 02:10:08,440
MINUTES EARLY.
2510
02:10:08,440 --> 02:10:17,240
>> THANK YOU FOR THE GREAT --
2511
02:10:17,240 --> 02:10:19,560
SORE I, YOU FIRST.
2512
02:10:19,560 --> 02:10:22,320
SAID YOU TRIED 16 BUT 10 JUST
2513
02:10:22,320 --> 02:10:22,560
WORKED.
2514
02:10:22,560 --> 02:10:23,600
WHAT'S WORKED MEANS?
2515
02:10:23,600 --> 02:10:29,080
>> WHAT WORK MEANS IS THAT THE
2516
02:10:29,080 --> 02:10:31,680
OTHER SIX -- SOME DIDN'T EXPRESS
2517
02:10:31,680 --> 02:10:34,960
AT ALL AND SOME DIDN'T EXPRESS
2518
02:10:34,960 --> 02:10:35,200
SOLUBLY.
2519
02:10:35,200 --> 02:10:40,040
SO WE WERE NOT ABLE TO
2520
02:10:40,040 --> 02:10:41,200
CHARACTERIZE THEM BECAUSE WE
2521
02:10:41,200 --> 02:10:41,840
COULDN'T GET ENOUGH PROTEIN TO
2522
02:10:41,840 --> 02:10:50,280
DO IT.
2523
02:10:50,280 --> 02:10:55,000
>> ONE QUESTION AND ONE -- HOW
2524
02:10:55,000 --> 02:11:01,960
MANY OF THE 93 PROTEINS YOU
2525
02:11:01,960 --> 02:11:07,840
TESTED HAVE THEM AND THE SECOND
2526
02:11:07,840 --> 02:11:14,840
QUESTION IS DO YOU THINK THAT
2527
02:11:14,840 --> 02:11:16,080
PROTEIN STRUCTURE SHOULD CHANGE
2528
02:11:16,080 --> 02:11:21,080
BECAUSE OF THESE PROPERTIES OR
2529
02:11:21,080 --> 02:11:21,960
HOW DO YOU SCALE THIS
2530
02:11:21,960 --> 02:11:22,880
REPRESENTATION IN A STANDARD
2531
02:11:22,880 --> 02:11:23,880
WAY?
2532
02:11:23,880 --> 02:11:29,280
>> TO ANSWER YOUR FIRST
2533
02:11:29,280 --> 02:11:37,280
QUESTIOQUESTIO
2534
02:11:37,280 --> 02:11:38,880
QUESTION, THEY REGULATE
2535
02:11:38,880 --> 02:11:40,280
EXPRESSION OF BACTERIA AND IT'S
2536
02:11:40,280 --> 02:11:42,440
RESPONSIBLE FOR MAKING US SICK
2537
02:11:42,440 --> 02:11:47,560
WHEN WE GET FOOD POISONING.
2538
02:11:47,560 --> 02:11:49,280
SO I THINK THERE ARE EVEN
2539
02:11:49,280 --> 02:11:51,600
PROTEINS THAT SWITCH FOLD ARE IN
2540
02:11:51,600 --> 02:11:53,280
BACTERIA AND VIRUSES MATTER TO
2541
02:11:53,280 --> 02:11:53,440
US.
2542
02:11:53,440 --> 02:11:58,600
THERE ARE HUMAN PROTEINS THAT
2543
02:11:58,600 --> 02:12:05,760
SWITCH FOLDS, THERE'S A HUMAN
2544
02:12:05,760 --> 02:12:07,960
CHEMOKINE PROTEIN AND HAS TWO
2545
02:12:07,960 --> 02:12:11,680
FOLDS AND MAKES SENSE BECAUSE
2546
02:12:11,680 --> 02:12:13,160
IT'S SECRETED SO THE SWITCH IS
2547
02:12:13,160 --> 02:12:15,280
BASED ON THE CHANGING BONDS AND
2548
02:12:15,280 --> 02:12:17,240
WE SEE THAT BY CO-EVOLUTIONARY
2549
02:12:17,240 --> 02:12:22,480
ANALYSIS SO THAT AGAIN SUGGESTS
2550
02:12:22,480 --> 02:12:25,280
THAT THIS IS BEHAVIOR
2551
02:12:25,280 --> 02:12:27,520
SELECTABLE.
2552
02:12:27,520 --> 02:12:29,640
AS TO YOUR SECOND QUESTION SO IN
2553
02:12:29,640 --> 02:12:31,280
TERMS OF DO WE NEED TO CHANGE
2554
02:12:31,280 --> 02:12:31,520
THINGS?
2555
02:12:31,520 --> 02:12:33,080
I THINK THIS IS WHY IT'S SO
2556
02:12:33,080 --> 02:12:34,440
IMPORTANT FOR US TO BE ABLE TO
2557
02:12:34,440 --> 02:12:36,080
SCALE UP OUR METHODS AND BE ABLE
2558
02:12:36,080 --> 02:12:39,320
TO TEST IT ON MANY DIFFERENT
2559
02:12:39,320 --> 02:12:42,440
PROTEINS BECAUSE RIGHT NOW WE
2560
02:12:42,440 --> 02:12:44,240
REALLY HAVE NO CLUE HOW WIDE
2561
02:12:44,240 --> 02:12:46,480
SPREAD FOLD SWITCHING IS AS A
2562
02:12:46,480 --> 02:12:47,040
PHENOMENON.
2563
02:12:47,040 --> 02:12:47,800
WE DON'T KNOW.
2564
02:12:47,800 --> 02:12:50,520
I'M ALMOST SURE IT'S NOT NEARLY
2565
02:12:50,520 --> 02:12:54,160
AS COMMON AS IUPs OR
2566
02:12:54,160 --> 02:12:56,040
SINGLE-FOLDING PROTEINS BUT WE
2567
02:12:56,040 --> 02:12:57,680
DON'T KNOW WHERE IT LIES IN THE
2568
02:12:57,680 --> 02:13:04,920
SPACE 10% OF PROTEINS AND IS IT
2569
02:13:04,920 --> 02:13:07,240
5 AND WE WANT TO PREDICT ON THE
2570
02:13:07,240 --> 02:13:13,120
WHOLE GENOME AND VALIDATE THE
2571
02:13:13,120 --> 02:13:13,920
PREDICTION EXPERIMENTALLY AND
2572
02:13:13,920 --> 02:13:21,240
INFER WHAT THE NUMBERS MIGHT BE.
2573
02:13:21,240 --> 02:13:32,040
WIRE DEVELOPING OTHER ASSAYS AND
2574
02:13:32,040 --> 02:13:35,840
IN THE FUTURE IN MY LAB I THINK
2575
02:13:35,840 --> 02:13:37,280
WE'LL DEFINITELY NEED TO DEVELOP
2576
02:13:37,280 --> 02:13:41,320
HIGHER THROUGHPUT EXPERIMENT TO
2577
02:13:41,320 --> 02:13:45,920
LOOK AT FOLD SWITCHING AND WE'RE
2578
02:13:45,920 --> 02:13:50,000
LOOKING AT MASS SPECKS AWAY TO
2579
02:13:50,000 --> 02:13:53,280
DO THAT IN COMBINATION WITH
2580
02:13:53,280 --> 02:13:55,760
OTHER METHODS AND MAY BE ABLE TO
2581
02:13:55,760 --> 02:13:57,640
PROFILE THEIR STRUCTURES AND
2582
02:13:57,640 --> 02:13:58,880
MAYBE IN FOUR YEARS I'LL BE ABLE
2583
02:13:58,880 --> 02:14:01,280
TO TELL YOU MORE ABOUT THAT.
2584
02:14:01,280 --> 02:14:11,320
>> THANK YOU.
2585
02:14:11,320 --> 02:14:13,920
>> I'M NOT LOOKING IF ANYONE IS
2586
02:14:13,920 --> 02:14:14,680
LOOKING AT THE RAISED HANDS BUT
2587
02:14:14,680 --> 02:14:16,200
I'LL ASK MY QUESTION.
2588
02:14:16,200 --> 02:14:21,720
YOUR WORK IS REALLY INTERESTING.
2589
02:14:21,720 --> 02:14:25,240
I'M EXCITED TO SEE ALPHA FOLD
2590
02:14:25,240 --> 02:14:28,880
TALKED ABOUT THIS MUCH BUT I'M
2591
02:14:28,880 --> 02:14:30,160
CURIOUS HAVE YOU REACHED OUT TO
2592
02:14:30,160 --> 02:14:32,280
THE DEEP MIND TEAM OR TRIED TO
2593
02:14:32,280 --> 02:14:34,880
USE THAT NETWORK BECAUSE THAT
2594
02:14:34,880 --> 02:14:40,720
NETWORK CAN -- IF YOU WERE TO
2595
02:14:40,720 --> 02:14:46,920
PREDICT A PROTEIN WITH DIFFERENT
2596
02:14:46,920 --> 02:14:48,960
FOLDING STATES AND
2597
02:14:48,960 --> 02:14:52,000
EXPERIMENTALLY VERIFY IT AFTER
2598
02:14:52,000 --> 02:14:52,200
THAT.
2599
02:14:52,200 --> 02:14:54,800
>> I HAVE NOT REACHED OUT TO
2600
02:14:54,800 --> 02:14:56,960
ALPHA FOLD YET AND I HAVE
2601
02:14:56,960 --> 02:14:57,760
THOUGHT ABOUT IT BUT IF YOU
2602
02:14:57,760 --> 02:14:59,440
THINK IT'S A GOOD IDEA.
2603
02:14:59,440 --> 02:15:00,880
>> THEY LOVE COLLABORATIONS.
2604
02:15:00,880 --> 02:15:06,600
WE HAVE NO EXPERIMENTALISTS.
2605
02:15:06,600 --> 02:15:06,960
>> GREAT.
2606
02:15:06,960 --> 02:15:12,120
I'M HAPPY TO DO THAT.
2607
02:15:12,120 --> 02:15:14,200
WITH THAT CO-EVOLUTIONARY
2608
02:15:14,200 --> 02:15:19,000
ANALYSIS THE WAY WE GOT THE DUAL
2609
02:15:19,000 --> 02:15:19,960
FOLD CONTACTS WE HAD TO BE
2610
02:15:19,960 --> 02:15:22,160
CHOOSEY IN OUR ALIGNMENTS.
2611
02:15:22,160 --> 02:15:24,400
I KNOW OTHER GROUPS HAVE USED
2612
02:15:24,400 --> 02:15:26,600
ALPHA FOLD TWO ON SHALLOWER
2613
02:15:26,600 --> 02:15:29,000
ALIGNMENT TO PREDICT
2614
02:15:29,000 --> 02:15:29,640
CONFIRMATIONAL VARIABILITY.
2615
02:15:29,640 --> 02:15:30,840
I HAVEN'T SEEN THAT DO THAT IN
2616
02:15:30,840 --> 02:15:33,200
THE SECONDARY STRUCTURE BUT WE
2617
02:15:33,200 --> 02:15:33,760
ACTUALLY TRIED.
2618
02:15:33,760 --> 02:15:37,760
SO WE TOOK OUR MSAs THAT GOT OUT
2619
02:15:37,760 --> 02:15:42,080
THE DUAL FOLD PROTENSE
2620
02:15:42,080 --> 02:15:44,080
--
2621
02:15:44,080 --> 02:15:45,840
PROPENSITIES AND PUT THEM IN THE
2622
02:15:45,840 --> 02:15:48,320
FOLD AND IT DID NOT WORK.
2623
02:15:48,320 --> 02:15:50,520
>> IT SHOULDN'T WORK IF YOU WERE
2624
02:15:50,520 --> 02:15:53,640
JUST DETECT THE ORIGINAL ALPHA
2625
02:15:53,640 --> 02:15:56,840
FOLD AND IT MAY BE WORK AND THIS
2626
02:15:56,840 --> 02:16:01,040
IS WHERE WE WAY TALK ABOUT
2627
02:16:01,040 --> 02:16:02,680
COLLABORATING REDUCING THE LAYER
2628
02:16:02,680 --> 02:16:05,280
TO A SINGLE STRUCTURE, DUAL
2629
02:16:05,280 --> 02:16:09,000
STRUCTURE, SOMEWHERE AND FORCE
2630
02:16:09,000 --> 02:16:09,560
THE PREDICTION.
2631
02:16:09,560 --> 02:16:11,360
I'M JUST THROWING IT OUT THERE.
2632
02:16:11,360 --> 02:16:14,360
>> THAT WOULD BE AMAZING.
2633
02:16:14,360 --> 02:16:17,280
WE'D BE TOTALLY OPEN TO THAT.
2634
02:16:17,280 --> 02:16:23,080
>> COOL.
2635
02:16:23,080 --> 02:16:25,320
>> ANY OTHER QUESTIONS
2636
02:16:25,320 --> 02:16:29,280
SPECIFICALLY FROM THOSE NOT ON
2637
02:16:29,280 --> 02:16:46,960
THE SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL?
2638
02:16:46,960 --> 02:16:49,240
>> WE HAVE THE CLOSED SESSION
2639
02:16:49,240 --> 02:16:50,240
FOR MORE FROM THE SCIENTIFIC
2640
02:16:50,240 --> 02:17:03,840
COUNCIL AS WELL.
2641
02:17:03,840 --> 02:17:09,600
>> I'M HAPPY TO ASK MORE
2642
02:17:09,600 --> 02:17:13,640
QUESTIONS AND WE LOOKED AT MINOR
2643
02:17:13,640 --> 02:17:15,320
CHANGES IN SUBSTRATE AND CAN
2644
02:17:15,320 --> 02:17:16,520
AFFECT SECONDARY STRUCTURE AND
2645
02:17:16,520 --> 02:17:17,680
THINGS LIKE THAT.
2646
02:17:17,680 --> 02:17:20,000
HAVE YOU TRIED USING THOSE
2647
02:17:20,000 --> 02:17:21,040
APPROACHES AS YOU'RE JUST
2648
02:17:21,040 --> 02:17:21,880
CHANGING A FEW SEQUENCES.
2649
02:17:21,880 --> 02:17:23,640
>> SO HERE'S THE PLAN.
2650
02:17:23,640 --> 02:17:24,720
WE HAVEN'T GOTTEN THERE YET BUT
2651
02:17:24,720 --> 02:17:25,960
THIS IS ABOUT WHAT WE'RE DOING.
2652
02:17:25,960 --> 02:17:28,560
THE VARIANTS -- SO WE HAVE THIS
2653
02:17:28,560 --> 02:17:30,400
PROJECT NOW I'M TRYING TO FINISH
2654
02:17:30,400 --> 02:17:37,000
WHERE WE MADE VARIANTS OF RFAH
2655
02:17:37,000 --> 02:17:43,440
THAT SEEM TO AFFECT THE
2656
02:17:43,440 --> 02:17:43,880
FELICITY.
2657
02:17:43,880 --> 02:17:45,520
CAN I SHARE THE DATA WITH YOU?
2658
02:17:45,520 --> 02:17:47,920
I HAVE IT ON MY POWER POINT.
2659
02:17:47,920 --> 02:17:48,720
IT'S THIS ONE.
2660
02:17:48,720 --> 02:17:52,400
SO WE MADE A MUTATION HERE.
2661
02:17:52,400 --> 02:17:55,800
SO THERE'S A HELIX CAP HIGHLY
2662
02:17:55,800 --> 02:17:57,760
CONSERVED IN THE RFAHs AND WE
2663
02:17:57,760 --> 02:18:03,880
CHANGE THE ACCEPTER TO A PROLINE
2664
02:18:03,880 --> 02:18:06,680
THINKING THAT WILL GET RID OF
2665
02:18:06,680 --> 02:18:14,280
THE HELIX CAP AND HERE'S THE H
2666
02:18:14,280 --> 02:18:16,920
HELICITY AND SIMILARLY HERE
2667
02:18:16,920 --> 02:18:21,960
THERE'S A NICE CONTACT THAT'S
2668
02:18:21,960 --> 02:18:24,000
HIGHLY CONSERVED AND IF WE
2669
02:18:24,000 --> 02:18:26,760
CHANGE IS TO A GLYCINE UP HERE
2670
02:18:26,760 --> 02:18:34,080
YOU CAN SEE AGAIN THE HELICITY'S
2671
02:18:34,080 --> 02:18:34,320
DECREASE.
2672
02:18:34,320 --> 02:18:40,320
WE WANT WANT TO MAKE SURE WE'RE
2673
02:18:40,320 --> 02:18:43,880
SEEING WHAT WE THINK WHAT WE'RE
2674
02:18:43,880 --> 02:18:46,680
SEEING AND I TALKED WITH NHLBI
2675
02:18:46,680 --> 02:18:48,440
AND THEY'RE HAPPY COLLABORATE TO
2676
02:18:48,440 --> 02:18:51,040
SEE WARPING IN THE SECONDARY
2677
02:18:51,040 --> 02:18:53,240
STRUCTURE OR BOTH STRUCTURES
2678
02:18:53,240 --> 02:18:54,960
BEING SAMPLED.
2679
02:18:54,960 --> 02:18:58,080
THAT'S ON OUR RADAR WE JUST
2680
02:18:58,080 --> 02:19:01,240
HAVEN'T GOTTEN THERE YET.
2681
02:19:01,240 --> 02:19:18,480
>> THAT'S REALLY COOL.
2682
02:19:18,480 --> 02:19:18,840
>> OKAY.
2683
02:19:18,840 --> 02:19:20,080
THERE NO FURTHER PARTICULARLY
2684
02:19:20,080 --> 02:19:22,480
GROUP QUESTIONS I PROPOSE WE
2685
02:19:22,480 --> 02:19:25,960
CATCH UP AND GO TO THE BREAKOUT
2686
02:19:25,960 --> 02:19:27,080
ROOMS SO LAUREN AND NEIL WILL
2687
02:19:27,080 --> 02:19:29,280
JOIN US AND THE BOARD OF
2688
02:19:29,280 --> 00:00:00,000
SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL MEMBERS.
170361
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