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- [Rudy] The following program
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contains footage of
military operations.
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00:00:04,292 --> 00:00:06,250
Viewer discretion is advised.
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00:00:07,250 --> 00:00:11,208
Tonight, on The Proof Is Out
There: Military Mysteries.
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This Korean War hero was
officially declared dead
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in a plane crash.
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So how did he show up on film
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standing next to the
burning wreckage?
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- I'd say that's
pretty good evidence
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that he survived the crash.
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- [Rudy] Is this recording proof
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00:00:25,292 --> 00:00:28,625
the real first woman in
space died on re-entry?
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(tense music)
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00:00:35,292 --> 00:00:37,500
- [Rudy] What happened to
the ships in this photo,
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00:00:37,500 --> 00:00:41,083
and did it nearly change
the course of World War II?
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00:00:41,083 --> 00:00:42,458
- The big question is,
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did the Germans anticipate
what was going on?
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That's a mystery.
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00:00:46,625 --> 00:00:48,375
- [Rudy] And, is this proof
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the government is training
dolphins to kill?
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- The dolphin would be swimming,
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would see an enemy frogmen,
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and bam, would slam this
giant needle into their body.
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(dramatic music)
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- [Rudy] In the modern history
of war, there are films-
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- Shazam.
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- [Rudy] Photos, recordings,
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and documents that
raise questions.
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- So everything about this
story is one big mystery.
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- This particular footage has
caused a lot of controversy.
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- [Rudy] What's
really happening?
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- [Expert] There's so
little information.
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- Nothing like this has
been attempted before.
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- [Rudy] That's
where we come in.
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Our mission: investigate the
battlefield's strangest images,
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sounds, and more.
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- [Expert] This
photo blows my mind.
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- [Amy] You can imagine
how terrifying it would be.
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- [Rudy] We'll analyze
each with military experts
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and try to come up with answers.
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- I'm Ronnie Adkins, former
US Army Intelligence Analyst.
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- I'm Rudy Reyes, Recon
Marine war veteran.
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The proof starts now.
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(dramatic music)
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Welcome, everyone.
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We're ready to rock and roll
on this week's first mission.
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And this one's
important to both of us.
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It's a mystery of the missing.
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- It is important to both
of us, Rudy, and here's why.
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An American hero vanished
in the Korean War,
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but the big question became,
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what happened to
Major Sam Logan?
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It's 2010, and filmmakers
working on a project
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about the Korean War come
across a long lost film.
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It shows a man in
a white undershirt
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standing near what appears
to be the smoldering wreckage
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of a US aircraft.
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Take a closer look.
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If this man is who some
people think he is,
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he's supposed to be dead.
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- Most Americans had no idea
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that there was photographic
evidence of a American hero.
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- [Ronnie] Mark Sauter, former
Green Beret and journalist,
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is one of many who believe
the man is the missing hero,
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Major Sam Logan.
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- Logan was a fine man.
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He had served honorably
in World War II,
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and like many US aviators,
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he had been called back to a
war zone during the Korean War.
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(foreboding music)
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- [Ronnie] This story
begins September 9th, 1950
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in the skies of the Korean War.
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Logan is piloting a B-29 Super
Fortress named Little Mike
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along with 10
other crew members.
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(bombs whistling)
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- They were performing
a bombing operation
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outside of Pyongyang, the
capitol of North Korea,
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when they were hit by
anti-aircraft fire.
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- [Ronnie] Logan's B-29 bursts
into flames and goes down.
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- During the war,
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the Pentagon
maintained Sam Logan
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in the category of
killed in action,
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and stated that there were
no confirmed survivors
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from his aircraft.
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- Logan was declared dead,
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but if he is the man in
the film as many believe,
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what happened to him next?
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Rudy, what can you tell
us about the bomber
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Logan was flying
during the Korean War?
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- This is the B-29.
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It was one of the most
advanced aircraft of its time.
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It featured a pressurized cabin,
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four gun turrets that could
be fired by remote control.
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Its first mission was in 1942,
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but throughout World War II,
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we lost a few of these
bad bears to the Soviets.
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And those Soviets,
they broke 'em down,
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they built 'em up, reversed
engineered the tech,
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and built a bomber of
their own, the Tupolev 4.
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Now, look at the Tupolev
4, look at the B-29.
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A virtual carbon copy.
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- Yeah, but a plane
can't tell you
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how it's best
flown or even used.
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For that you're gonna
need air crews and pilots
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like Logan himself, who would've
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had a lot of valuable
intelligence in his brain
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that the Russians
would've wanted,
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and it actually
might just be a clue
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into the mystery of
what happened to him.
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(intense music)
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One theory is that
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the North Koreans secretly
transferred Logan
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and other American
prisoners to the Soviets.
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As evidence, believers
point to a photo
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published in a Soviet newspaper
months after the crash.
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- It was sent around the world
by the Soviet News Agency,
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and it clearly shows
Sam Logan in his t-shirt
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in communist captivity.
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There is no doubt this man
was captured by the communists.
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- [Ronnie] The photo
was apparently taken
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at the same time as the film
discovered decades later.
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If you compare both to a known
photo of Logan on the right,
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there is a striking resemblance.
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At about the same time,
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troops occupying the North
Korean capitol Pyongyang
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discovered these words scratched
into the wall of a prison.
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Sam Logan, captain,
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US Air Force shot down
9 September, 1950.
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- This is something
that was common
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that POWs would write on walls
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hoping that somebody would
see this in the future.
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- [Ronnie] So if the evidence
points to Logan's survival,
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why did the Air
Force think he died?
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The Pentagon said it was
because Logan wasn't seen
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in any POW camps
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and wasn't part of
any prisoner exchanges
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when the fighting stopped.
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But remember, B-29
pilots were prized.
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Did the North Koreans
hand him over to the USSR
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to help train Tupolev 4 pilots?
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Michael Logan was just two
when his father went missing,
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and he agrees with the theory.
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- Russia, the communists
didn't have big bombers.
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And they really, really
wanted pilots from big bombers
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so they could, you
know, learn from 'em.
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- US servicemen that were kept
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where the enemy can
gain intelligence
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and knowledge from,
the know-how.
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And somebody like
Major Logan would be
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hugely useful to our enemy.
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It would've been a significant
value for the Soviet Union
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to take somebody
like Major Logan.
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- [Ronnie] On a trip
to Russia in 1991,
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Mark Sauter says he met a former
Soviet intelligence officer
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who admitted it happened.
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- They found a former Soviet
psychological operations
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and intelligence officer
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who said he personally
had processed Americans
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being sent to the Soviet Union.
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I met with him in Moscow
while he was still alive,
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and he told me, "Yes, POWs
were sent to the Soviet Union."
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They also found many people,
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often from the former East Block
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or Warsaw Pact
countries in Poland
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who said they had been in
the Soviet prison system
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and had seen American
POWs from the Korean War.
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There seems to be
little doubt now
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that the Soviets got US POWs.
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I believe one of the ones
they got was Sam Logan.
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- [Ronnie] Given that
Logan is standing
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under the watchful eye
of an enemy soldier,
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it's reasonable to assume
he's a prisoner here.
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Sauter thinks the enemy
subjected some prisoners
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to brainwashing.
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Assad, who's former CIA, agrees.
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If that's the case, what
happened to the prisoners
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after they provided the
information the Russians wanted?
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- Sadly, there were
some servicemen
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when they were given the option
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after they had been,
you know, reprogrammed,
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they did not want to return
to the United States.
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- American captives realized
that no one was coming for them.
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And they had a choice, they
could refuse to cooperate
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and they would be tortured
and probably sent to a camp
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to be worked to death,
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or they could agree
to tell what they knew
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and allowed to survive.
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None of those men
were ever returned.
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- [Ronnie] Did Major Logan
live out his last days
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in the USSR?
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His son says it never
would've gotten that far.
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- He didn't give them anything.
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He wouldn't have lasted long
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because they would've
tortured him,
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and in a very short amount
of time, they would've,
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you know, killed him
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because he wasn't gonna
give 'em anything.
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(tense music)
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- Major Sam Logan is
perhaps the best evidence
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of an American fighting man
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00:09:01,750 --> 00:09:03,750
who is now known to
have been captured
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by the communists in Korea
and has never been returned.
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00:09:07,375 --> 00:09:10,042
- [Ronnie] The Russians denied
they took American prisoners,
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and Major Logan's family
may never know for sure.
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They're left only with
a 70-year-old film
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they believe shows
him being captured
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and memories of a loving
husband and father.
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00:09:21,292 --> 00:09:24,417
- When mother saw the video,
she was just brokenhearted
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that she had never
seen that before.
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And the fact she saw
her husband as a POW
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was really
heartbreaking for her.
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Well, I blame the government
for not being diligent
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00:09:35,542 --> 00:09:38,375
about finding any of
the missing-in-action.
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They say they are and they're
trying to find their remains,
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and there's a lot that the
United States could do
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to find out information
if they really wanted to.
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(tense music)
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- And it's amazing,
219
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all those years later, the
film is discovered randomly,
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by get this,
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a person working on a
documentary on the Korean War.
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00:10:00,708 --> 00:10:02,292
- That's right, man.
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00:10:02,292 --> 00:10:04,375
The thing that sticks out to
me the most is as of right now,
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there's still a lot
of uncertainty
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00:10:05,708 --> 00:10:07,042
about Major Logan's fate.
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00:10:07,042 --> 00:10:09,667
His family doesn't have
many answers at all.
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00:10:09,667 --> 00:10:10,833
I hope they get some soon.
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00:10:14,583 --> 00:10:15,375
- During the Cold War,
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00:10:15,875 --> 00:10:17,542
the Soviet Space Program
was run by their military.
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00:10:17,542 --> 00:10:20,625
That's unlike our own NASA,
which is actually civilian-run.
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00:10:20,625 --> 00:10:22,708
- Now while NASA's
rocket launches
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and their mistakes
are public knowledge,
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00:10:24,958 --> 00:10:27,667
that wasn't how the
Soviets operated.
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00:10:27,667 --> 00:10:31,208
This next mystery is
about a voice from space,
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00:10:31,208 --> 00:10:34,333
and did it belong to
the first woman in space
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00:10:34,333 --> 00:10:36,000
who died during re-entry?
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00:10:37,875 --> 00:10:40,708
It's May 17th, 1961.
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00:10:40,708 --> 00:10:43,042
Italian brothers and
amateur space watchers,
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00:10:43,042 --> 00:10:46,292
Achille and Giovanni
Judica-Cordiglia
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00:10:46,292 --> 00:10:49,542
are manning their homemade radio
system when they hear this.
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00:10:49,542 --> 00:10:51,042
(cosmonaut speaking
indistinctly)
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00:10:51,042 --> 00:10:52,875
- [Rudy] A panic stricken
voice speaking in Russian.
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00:10:58,875 --> 00:11:00,458
- [Rudy] The brothers believe
244
00:11:00,458 --> 00:11:04,542
it's the heart-rending last
words of a Russian cosmonaut.
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00:11:04,542 --> 00:11:06,625
(cosmonaut speaking
indistinctly)
246
00:11:10,750 --> 00:11:13,708
- [Rudy] And that's strange,
because officially,
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00:11:13,708 --> 00:11:15,833
the Soviets didn't
launch a woman into space
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00:11:15,833 --> 00:11:17,417
until two months later
249
00:11:17,417 --> 00:11:20,042
when Valentina
Tereshkova made history
250
00:11:20,042 --> 00:11:22,875
as the first woman
to make that journey.
251
00:11:22,875 --> 00:11:25,167
- She was picked because
she had the right pedigree.
252
00:11:25,167 --> 00:11:27,375
She was a parachutist,
253
00:11:27,375 --> 00:11:28,625
which was really important
254
00:11:28,625 --> 00:11:29,958
because the Soviet
cosmonauts at the time
255
00:11:29,958 --> 00:11:32,125
didn't land with
their spacecraft.
256
00:11:32,125 --> 00:11:34,667
They actually ejected
at 10,000 feet
257
00:11:34,667 --> 00:11:36,167
and had to land by parachutes.
258
00:11:37,250 --> 00:11:39,042
(foreboding music)
259
00:11:39,042 --> 00:11:40,750
- [Rudy] But the recording
raises the question,
260
00:11:40,750 --> 00:11:43,750
was Tereshkova the
first woman in space
261
00:11:43,750 --> 00:11:46,042
or just the first
woman to survive?
262
00:11:47,375 --> 00:11:50,458
(rocket whooshing)
263
00:11:50,458 --> 00:11:54,042
- Can two amateur radio
operators actually record sounds
264
00:11:54,042 --> 00:11:55,000
from space?
265
00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:56,208
- All right, with their system,
266
00:11:56,208 --> 00:11:58,208
they claim to have
picked up a transmission
267
00:11:58,208 --> 00:12:01,625
from the first Sputnik
satellite and Sputnik 2.
268
00:12:01,625 --> 00:12:02,875
Well, get this,
269
00:12:02,875 --> 00:12:06,167
they said they heard
the heartbeat of Laika,
270
00:12:06,167 --> 00:12:08,875
the dog that was up
there in that spacecraft.
271
00:12:08,875 --> 00:12:11,167
- Yeah, I'm sure
something was recorded,
272
00:12:11,167 --> 00:12:13,708
but what evidence do we have
that it actually came from space
273
00:12:13,708 --> 00:12:15,792
or even for the theory
of the lost cosmonaut?
274
00:12:15,792 --> 00:12:18,292
(dramatic music)
275
00:12:23,375 --> 00:12:25,708
- [Rudy] First, is the
recording even genuine
276
00:12:25,708 --> 00:12:27,458
or did the brothers fake it?
277
00:12:27,458 --> 00:12:30,708
One of them, Giovanni, is
still alive and he says no.
278
00:12:32,458 --> 00:12:34,292
(Giovanni speaking Italian)
279
00:12:59,500 --> 00:13:02,000
- [Rudy] And Joe Pappalardo
of "Popular Mechanics"
280
00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:03,542
agrees it's possible.
281
00:13:03,542 --> 00:13:05,708
- The radio signals
bounce around.
282
00:13:05,708 --> 00:13:08,625
As they reflect off of
things, they fragment.
283
00:13:08,625 --> 00:13:10,208
So the idea that
someone on the ground
284
00:13:10,208 --> 00:13:14,125
can intercept a space
message is not implausible.
285
00:13:15,167 --> 00:13:17,375
- [Rudy] Not only was the
tech there to hear it,
286
00:13:17,375 --> 00:13:19,708
the Soviets were
known to be secretive
287
00:13:19,708 --> 00:13:22,250
about other space disasters.
288
00:13:22,250 --> 00:13:25,042
- The Russians didn't
always play by the book.
289
00:13:26,333 --> 00:13:29,958
So the idea that the Russians
would launch a mission
290
00:13:29,958 --> 00:13:31,375
and that would've gone poorly
291
00:13:31,375 --> 00:13:34,458
and we didn't know about
it, is very possible.
292
00:13:34,458 --> 00:13:37,167
- In 1960, there was
a horrible accident
293
00:13:37,167 --> 00:13:38,875
that claimed more
than a hundred lives.
294
00:13:38,875 --> 00:13:41,042
(tense music)
295
00:13:42,083 --> 00:13:44,708
That happened on a launch stand.
296
00:13:44,708 --> 00:13:46,875
That killed senior
officials as well.
297
00:13:46,875 --> 00:13:48,792
They still were
able to cover it up,
298
00:13:48,792 --> 00:13:51,833
but history unearthed
it decades later
299
00:13:51,833 --> 00:13:53,792
after the fall of
the Soviet Union.
300
00:13:54,875 --> 00:13:56,875
- [Rudy] Years later in 1967,
301
00:13:56,875 --> 00:14:00,250
cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov
died during reentry
302
00:14:00,250 --> 00:14:03,250
in a capsule widely
known to be defective.
303
00:14:03,250 --> 00:14:06,583
- Things really just fell apart
at the end of the flight.
304
00:14:06,583 --> 00:14:09,125
His parachute didn't
deploy properly,
305
00:14:09,125 --> 00:14:12,375
so he hit the ground
at full speed.
306
00:14:12,375 --> 00:14:15,625
- One of the fatalities
that they had to admit
307
00:14:15,625 --> 00:14:18,875
was Komarov whose
reentry went poorly.
308
00:14:18,875 --> 00:14:21,167
And that is kind of
all you need to know
309
00:14:21,167 --> 00:14:23,833
about the dynamic around
the Russian space program
310
00:14:23,833 --> 00:14:25,125
at that time.
311
00:14:25,125 --> 00:14:28,250
This is a society
built on mistrust.
312
00:14:28,250 --> 00:14:30,583
- [Rudy] So there was a
precedent for deadly mishaps
313
00:14:30,583 --> 00:14:32,542
in the Soviet space program,
314
00:14:32,542 --> 00:14:35,875
but did that happen in the
case of the lost cosmonaut?
315
00:14:35,875 --> 00:14:38,083
(cosmonaut speaking
indistinctly)
316
00:14:42,208 --> 00:14:44,208
- [Rudy] After listening
to the specific words
317
00:14:44,208 --> 00:14:47,500
the woman is saying,
Pappalardo has doubts.
318
00:14:47,500 --> 00:14:49,208
- I don't think that's
very plausible.
319
00:14:49,208 --> 00:14:52,208
I think if it's hot enough to
complain about during re-entry,
320
00:14:52,208 --> 00:14:55,667
you're surrounded by
a sheath of hot plasma
321
00:14:55,667 --> 00:14:57,167
that's ionized gases.
322
00:14:57,167 --> 00:14:59,667
And if you're seeing that,
you're not radioing out,
323
00:14:59,667 --> 00:15:01,167
there's no radio communication
324
00:15:01,167 --> 00:15:04,250
that can get through that shroud
of plasma during re-entry.
325
00:15:04,250 --> 00:15:06,792
So I don't think she
could have communicated.
326
00:15:06,792 --> 00:15:08,458
- [Rudy] We dug deeper,
327
00:15:08,458 --> 00:15:11,500
and our experts can find no
mention of this alleged incident
328
00:15:11,500 --> 00:15:14,958
in the millions of previously
classified documents
329
00:15:14,958 --> 00:15:19,083
released by the Soviet
Space Agency, Roscosmos,
330
00:15:19,083 --> 00:15:20,333
and it's not mentioned
331
00:15:20,333 --> 00:15:23,167
in any US intelligence
documents either.
332
00:15:24,167 --> 00:15:26,375
- Every one of the
cosmonauts in the program
333
00:15:26,375 --> 00:15:30,292
are accounted for, and their
stories go back a long time.
334
00:15:30,292 --> 00:15:33,625
It'd be impossible to
make a cosmonaut disappear
335
00:15:33,625 --> 00:15:35,417
from their official record.
336
00:15:35,417 --> 00:15:37,917
They did lie, they
did cover things up.
337
00:15:37,917 --> 00:15:39,833
They are not upfront,
338
00:15:39,833 --> 00:15:41,875
about things that go
wrong in particular.
339
00:15:41,875 --> 00:15:44,208
However, in the long term,
340
00:15:44,208 --> 00:15:46,042
it's harder to
keep those secrets,
341
00:15:46,042 --> 00:15:48,292
especially in something
like a space program.
342
00:15:50,833 --> 00:15:52,500
- [Rudy] 60 years later,
343
00:15:52,500 --> 00:15:56,542
Giovanni is still haunted by
whoever that voice belonged to.
344
00:15:56,542 --> 00:15:58,458
(Giovanni speaking Italian)
345
00:16:07,042 --> 00:16:08,083
(cosmonaut speaking
indistinctly)
346
00:16:08,083 --> 00:16:10,208
(Giovanni speaking Italian)
347
00:16:11,625 --> 00:16:13,708
(dramatic music)
348
00:16:16,125 --> 00:16:17,375
- It's important to note
349
00:16:17,375 --> 00:16:19,375
that after the fall
of the Soviet Union,
350
00:16:19,375 --> 00:16:22,500
Western sources claim at
least 11 fatal accidents
351
00:16:22,500 --> 00:16:27,125
occurred in the Russian space
program from 1961 to 1967,
352
00:16:27,125 --> 00:16:29,000
and that they were
all covered up.
353
00:16:29,208 --> 00:16:32,542
- Well, you know, it's
definitely the Soviet M.O.,
354
00:16:32,542 --> 00:16:34,042
however, in my gut,
355
00:16:34,042 --> 00:16:36,000
I feel the legend of
the lost cosmonaut
356
00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:37,583
is just that, a legend.
357
00:16:41,583 --> 00:16:42,375
- Four months before D-Day,
358
00:16:42,625 --> 00:16:43,833
Allied ships were
training for the invasion
359
00:16:43,833 --> 00:16:45,458
when they were attacked.
360
00:16:45,458 --> 00:16:46,708
The question is,
361
00:16:46,708 --> 00:16:49,250
how did the attack that
nearly canceled D-day happen?
362
00:16:51,833 --> 00:16:53,125
You're looking at photos
363
00:16:53,125 --> 00:16:55,500
of destroyed American
landing ships.
364
00:16:55,500 --> 00:16:57,875
They were supposed to be
used for the D-day landing
365
00:16:57,875 --> 00:17:00,292
but instead, they're
lying in ruins
366
00:17:00,292 --> 00:17:04,000
on Allied soil months before
the top secret invasion.
367
00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:05,792
What happened here?
368
00:17:05,792 --> 00:17:07,333
(tape rewinding)
369
00:17:08,333 --> 00:17:12,333
It was April 28th, 1944
in the English Channel,
370
00:17:12,333 --> 00:17:16,625
30,000 Allied troops carrying
heavy packs and rifles
371
00:17:16,625 --> 00:17:21,167
are on ships called LSTs,
or landing ship tanks.
372
00:17:21,167 --> 00:17:23,417
This is a test run
for D-Day, people.
373
00:17:23,417 --> 00:17:27,042
Everyone from the top flags
to the swabbies is involved.
374
00:17:27,042 --> 00:17:28,958
It's called Operation Tiger.
375
00:17:28,958 --> 00:17:32,167
The idea is for Allied troops
to make practice landings
376
00:17:32,167 --> 00:17:34,042
in Slapton Sands, England,
377
00:17:34,042 --> 00:17:35,875
because the shore
there resembles
378
00:17:35,875 --> 00:17:37,708
the D-Day target of Normandy.
379
00:17:37,708 --> 00:17:39,250
- They're going to launch
380
00:17:39,250 --> 00:17:43,458
what will ultimately be the
largest amphibious landing
381
00:17:43,458 --> 00:17:45,042
in human history.
382
00:17:45,042 --> 00:17:46,667
They're gonna be attempting
383
00:17:46,667 --> 00:17:51,250
what is the most difficult
military offensives to try
384
00:17:51,250 --> 00:17:53,875
in an event that
you cannot lose.
385
00:17:53,875 --> 00:17:55,917
And so, the best
thing you can do
386
00:17:55,917 --> 00:17:58,583
is attempt to work
out all the kinks
387
00:17:58,583 --> 00:18:01,583
through as realistic as
possible training scenarios.
388
00:18:03,375 --> 00:18:05,125
- [Ronnie] The stakes are high,
389
00:18:05,125 --> 00:18:08,542
but then, some
uninvited guests arrive.
390
00:18:08,542 --> 00:18:12,083
A wolf pack of dreaded
German Schnellboot,
391
00:18:12,083 --> 00:18:14,500
E-boats, as the
Allies called them.
392
00:18:14,500 --> 00:18:17,792
They have diesel engines and
moved faster than the LSTs,
393
00:18:17,792 --> 00:18:22,292
and each is armed with
three cannons and torpedoes.
394
00:18:22,292 --> 00:18:26,250
- These were small, very
fast motor torpedo boats
395
00:18:26,250 --> 00:18:28,208
that relied on high speed
396
00:18:28,208 --> 00:18:31,792
to launch torpedo attacks
against Allied shipping.
397
00:18:31,792 --> 00:18:34,625
- [Ronnie] The E-boats
fire their torpedoes,
398
00:18:34,625 --> 00:18:36,208
the LSTs go down,
399
00:18:36,208 --> 00:18:39,708
and when it's all over,
700 men are dead.
400
00:18:39,708 --> 00:18:41,125
- Numbers of Allied soldiers
401
00:18:41,125 --> 00:18:43,708
had not had proper training
with their life vests.
402
00:18:43,708 --> 00:18:44,833
They ended up drowning
403
00:18:44,833 --> 00:18:46,625
because they put their
life vests the wrong way.
404
00:18:47,667 --> 00:18:49,958
You also had large
amounts of Allied troops
405
00:18:49,958 --> 00:18:51,750
who were burned
by exploding fuel,
406
00:18:51,750 --> 00:18:54,750
which was stored in all the
tanks and trucks and Jeeps
407
00:18:54,750 --> 00:18:56,042
that were on these LSTs
408
00:18:56,042 --> 00:18:58,208
that was ignited by
the torpedo attacks.
409
00:18:59,583 --> 00:19:01,875
- [Ronnie] Supreme Allied
Commander General Eisenhower
410
00:19:01,875 --> 00:19:04,042
processes the loss.
411
00:19:04,042 --> 00:19:05,458
- Well, the big question is,
412
00:19:05,458 --> 00:19:08,625
did the Germans anticipate
what was going on?
413
00:19:08,625 --> 00:19:10,292
Did they just happen
to stumble on it?
414
00:19:10,292 --> 00:19:11,833
That's the mystery.
415
00:19:11,833 --> 00:19:14,375
- So Rudy, we've gotta go to
the map here for some context.
416
00:19:14,375 --> 00:19:15,958
At this point in the war,
417
00:19:15,958 --> 00:19:18,458
Nazis know that the invasion
to liberate Europe is coming,
418
00:19:18,458 --> 00:19:20,625
but they don't know it's
gonna happen at Normandy.
419
00:19:20,625 --> 00:19:23,333
They think it's gonna
happen at Calais.
420
00:19:23,333 --> 00:19:25,375
And that's largely because
the Allies have been
421
00:19:25,375 --> 00:19:27,375
sending all kinds of
bogus radio traffic,
422
00:19:27,375 --> 00:19:29,083
building fake landing craft
423
00:19:29,083 --> 00:19:31,792
as a part of Operation
Fortitude South
424
00:19:31,792 --> 00:19:35,875
since Calais is the closest
distance from Great Britain.
425
00:19:35,875 --> 00:19:37,375
- [Rudy] Got it.
426
00:19:37,375 --> 00:19:39,500
- Now, what do you think
Ike's biggest fear is here?
427
00:19:39,500 --> 00:19:41,125
- That the info's
been compromised.
428
00:19:41,125 --> 00:19:42,708
- Exactly.
429
00:19:42,708 --> 00:19:45,250
Ike's worried that, not only
did a spy tip the Nazis off
430
00:19:45,250 --> 00:19:47,792
about the training
operation in the channel,
431
00:19:47,792 --> 00:19:50,875
but also about the entire
D-day plan as a whole.
432
00:19:50,875 --> 00:19:52,833
(tense music)
433
00:19:54,708 --> 00:19:57,292
Allied forces are
worried about spies
434
00:19:57,292 --> 00:19:59,542
and it's not just paranoia.
435
00:19:59,542 --> 00:20:02,042
We know that as early as 1940,
436
00:20:02,042 --> 00:20:04,083
the Nazis were sending
spies into Britain
437
00:20:04,083 --> 00:20:06,375
by boat and even parachute
438
00:20:06,375 --> 00:20:09,375
to gather intel and
perpetrate sabotage.
439
00:20:10,542 --> 00:20:13,833
But we also know that
by the spring of 1944,
440
00:20:13,833 --> 00:20:17,208
most of the Germans spies sent
to Britain have been caught.
441
00:20:17,208 --> 00:20:19,542
In fact, more than a
dozen have been flipped
442
00:20:19,542 --> 00:20:21,917
and are now acting
as double agents,
443
00:20:21,917 --> 00:20:23,833
feeding the Nazis
disinformation.
444
00:20:25,375 --> 00:20:27,875
- It doesn't ever appear
that the German intelligence
445
00:20:27,875 --> 00:20:32,667
put together what exactly
was going on and why.
446
00:20:32,667 --> 00:20:34,750
- [Ronnie] Military
analyst Tim McMillan says
447
00:20:34,750 --> 00:20:37,208
that raises the
second possibility,
448
00:20:37,208 --> 00:20:39,792
that the E-boats came
across Operation Tiger
449
00:20:39,792 --> 00:20:41,750
purely by chance.
450
00:20:41,750 --> 00:20:42,833
- They got lucky.
451
00:20:42,833 --> 00:20:44,417
- They thought they were
just merchant ships.
452
00:20:44,417 --> 00:20:46,375
This is what the German
patrol boats were doing.
453
00:20:46,375 --> 00:20:48,042
They were trying
to be a nuisance,
454
00:20:48,042 --> 00:20:49,542
sink any sort of shipping.
455
00:20:49,542 --> 00:20:51,375
By the time they
carried out the attack,
456
00:20:51,375 --> 00:20:53,458
they realized it probably
wasn't merchant shipping
457
00:20:53,458 --> 00:20:55,375
but looked more
like landing ships.
458
00:20:55,375 --> 00:20:56,875
- [Ronnie] In other words,
459
00:20:56,875 --> 00:20:59,542
these E-boats were just doing
what they were assigned to do,
460
00:20:59,542 --> 00:21:02,417
patrol the channel
and create chaos.
461
00:21:02,417 --> 00:21:05,042
- The German Navy
had transitioned in,
462
00:21:05,042 --> 00:21:07,875
away from the large scale
battle for the Atlantic
463
00:21:07,875 --> 00:21:11,833
to these smaller 9,
7, 10 vessel groups
464
00:21:11,833 --> 00:21:13,583
that were essentially out
465
00:21:13,583 --> 00:21:15,708
hunting for targets
of opportunity,
466
00:21:15,708 --> 00:21:18,708
which could have been merchant
vessels or in this case,
467
00:21:18,708 --> 00:21:20,458
it would appear
that they stumbled
468
00:21:20,458 --> 00:21:26,042
upon a relatively
sizable military target.
469
00:21:27,042 --> 00:21:30,750
- [Ronnie] And Allied mistakes
contributed to some bad luck.
470
00:21:30,750 --> 00:21:34,042
For one thing, the British
Navy had good intelligence
471
00:21:34,042 --> 00:21:36,333
E-boats were
already in the area,
472
00:21:36,333 --> 00:21:39,083
but the information did
not reach the flotilla
473
00:21:39,083 --> 00:21:40,708
because incredibly,
474
00:21:40,708 --> 00:21:44,458
the American ships were not
on the same radio frequency.
475
00:21:44,458 --> 00:21:47,167
Another thing,
because it was night,
476
00:21:47,167 --> 00:21:49,375
the flotilla traveled
in a straight line
477
00:21:49,375 --> 00:21:52,000
to prevent the ships
from losing one another.
478
00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:53,250
Bad idea.
479
00:21:53,250 --> 00:21:56,208
- Normally, ships
would be zigzagging.
480
00:21:56,208 --> 00:21:58,083
But when you're
zigzagging at night,
481
00:21:58,083 --> 00:22:00,917
that can be a problem because
you can't necessarily see
482
00:22:00,917 --> 00:22:02,083
where other ships are going,
483
00:22:02,083 --> 00:22:04,500
increasing the risk
of collisions.
484
00:22:04,500 --> 00:22:07,042
So at night, if you think
you're going to be safe,
485
00:22:07,042 --> 00:22:09,583
you're most likely gonna
be sailing in a column.
486
00:22:09,583 --> 00:22:12,625
That of course means that
you're more vulnerable.
487
00:22:12,625 --> 00:22:14,667
- [Ronnie] But there
is a third theory.
488
00:22:16,083 --> 00:22:18,000
Historian Anand Toprani argues,
489
00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:21,500
the Germans probably had some
raw unspecific intelligence
490
00:22:21,500 --> 00:22:23,625
from intercepted radio traffic
491
00:22:23,625 --> 00:22:26,458
that the Allies were doing
something in the area,
492
00:22:26,458 --> 00:22:29,125
they just didn't grasp
its significance.
493
00:22:29,125 --> 00:22:31,542
- If they're able to capture
and decrypt communications,
494
00:22:31,542 --> 00:22:34,083
they might understand that
an operation is taking place.
495
00:22:34,083 --> 00:22:37,125
And according to a
post-mortem by the US Navy,
496
00:22:37,125 --> 00:22:38,833
that is what the Germans did.
497
00:22:38,833 --> 00:22:41,458
They were able to capture
Allied communications
498
00:22:41,458 --> 00:22:42,792
and form a rough idea
499
00:22:42,792 --> 00:22:45,500
there was some sort of
exercise taking place,
500
00:22:45,500 --> 00:22:48,042
and basically
scrambled nine E-boats
501
00:22:48,042 --> 00:22:51,583
to launch a hit and run attack
against this training operation.
502
00:22:52,583 --> 00:22:54,708
- [Ronnie] The Allies
considered calling off D-Day,
503
00:22:54,708 --> 00:22:56,542
but went forward once
they were confident
504
00:22:56,542 --> 00:22:58,583
the plan hadn't
been compromised.
505
00:22:59,542 --> 00:23:01,875
For their part, the
Germans may have decided
506
00:23:01,875 --> 00:23:04,458
Operation Tiger was
just another decoy.
507
00:23:05,500 --> 00:23:07,167
How wrong they were.
508
00:23:07,167 --> 00:23:09,500
(tense music)
509
00:23:11,083 --> 00:23:12,542
The moral of the story is,
510
00:23:12,542 --> 00:23:15,625
good intelligence only
works when you believe it.
511
00:23:15,625 --> 00:23:17,292
- The Germans probably knew
512
00:23:17,292 --> 00:23:19,708
a military exercise
was happening,
513
00:23:19,708 --> 00:23:21,750
they just didn't know
how important it was.
514
00:23:25,583 --> 00:23:26,458
- I'm Rudy Reyes.
515
00:23:26,458 --> 00:23:27,542
- And I'm Ronnie Adkins.
516
00:23:27,875 --> 00:23:29,708
- From the air, the structure
in our next mystery
517
00:23:29,708 --> 00:23:31,542
looks like a flying saucer.
518
00:23:31,542 --> 00:23:33,500
It's called the Runit Dome,
519
00:23:33,583 --> 00:23:35,792
and it's located in
the Marshall Islands.
520
00:23:35,792 --> 00:23:37,208
The question is,
521
00:23:37,208 --> 00:23:40,375
what is the Runit Dome hiding
and how dangerous is it?
522
00:23:41,542 --> 00:23:43,583
In a way, the story of the dome
523
00:23:43,583 --> 00:23:45,708
starts with this
piece of footage.
524
00:23:45,708 --> 00:23:50,375
It's May 1958, on the Enewetak
Atoll in the South Pacific,
525
00:23:50,375 --> 00:23:53,708
the US test a nuclear
bomb underwater.
526
00:23:54,875 --> 00:23:57,083
1/10 of a second
after detonation,
527
00:23:57,083 --> 00:24:01,042
a massive dome of ocean
water rises into the air.
528
00:24:01,042 --> 00:24:04,417
At the 20-second mark,
it's nearly a mile high.
529
00:24:04,417 --> 00:24:07,208
- Oh my gosh, look
at that. Shazam.
530
00:24:07,208 --> 00:24:08,542
That is,
531
00:24:08,542 --> 00:24:11,792
the massive amount of
water that has suddenly
532
00:24:11,792 --> 00:24:14,000
become airborne is
absolutely incredible.
533
00:24:15,542 --> 00:24:18,542
- [Rudy] This footage was
classified until 1999.
534
00:24:18,542 --> 00:24:22,708
Military historian and author
Martin K.A. Morgan says
535
00:24:22,708 --> 00:24:26,458
it's an abandoned US navy
ship there in the blast zone.
536
00:24:26,458 --> 00:24:28,583
The brass at the
Pentagon claimed,
537
00:24:28,583 --> 00:24:30,708
these underwater nuclear tests
538
00:24:30,708 --> 00:24:34,542
help them understand the
effects of nukes on navy ships.
539
00:24:34,542 --> 00:24:37,083
- And looked at
this wall of water
540
00:24:37,083 --> 00:24:38,917
that's tumbling toward the ship.
541
00:24:38,917 --> 00:24:42,333
Look at the way it just
sweeps over that ship
542
00:24:42,333 --> 00:24:43,792
like it's not even there.
543
00:24:43,792 --> 00:24:46,917
I mean, that is an
unstoppable force.
544
00:24:46,917 --> 00:24:49,792
And no matter how
modern your navy is,
545
00:24:49,792 --> 00:24:52,000
your navy can't survive that.
546
00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:55,500
- [Rudy] The Enewetak Atoll,
part of the Marshall Islands,
547
00:24:55,500 --> 00:24:58,292
is about 3,000 miles
west of Hawaii.
548
00:24:58,292 --> 00:25:00,375
Our brave GIs
captured these islands
549
00:25:00,375 --> 00:25:02,208
from Japan in World War II.
550
00:25:02,208 --> 00:25:03,750
And in the early Cold War,
551
00:25:03,750 --> 00:25:06,000
the area became ground zero
552
00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:11,042
for nearly 67 nuclear tests
conducted over a 12-year period.
553
00:25:11,042 --> 00:25:14,208
Many of the local Marshallese
had to be relocated.
554
00:25:14,208 --> 00:25:15,833
The US assured the island nation
555
00:25:15,833 --> 00:25:17,750
that it would clean
up the fallout.
556
00:25:17,750 --> 00:25:19,417
And that brings us
back to the dome.
557
00:25:19,417 --> 00:25:21,875
In 1977, the dome was erected
558
00:25:21,875 --> 00:25:24,667
to contain the lethal
radioactive waste
559
00:25:24,667 --> 00:25:26,583
produced by those
massive blasts.
560
00:25:26,583 --> 00:25:27,958
- They had to do something
561
00:25:27,958 --> 00:25:31,708
with all of the now
radioactive material and soil
562
00:25:31,708 --> 00:25:34,042
that was everywhere
in this region.
563
00:25:34,042 --> 00:25:38,042
And so the US government
built effectively a tomb
564
00:25:38,042 --> 00:25:39,833
called the Runit Dome.
565
00:25:39,833 --> 00:25:42,792
- [Rudy] But is the dome
really keeping the area safe
566
00:25:42,792 --> 00:25:45,083
or is it a ticking time bomb?
567
00:25:45,083 --> 00:25:47,667
So what it's hiding is
simple, nuclear waste.
568
00:25:47,667 --> 00:25:51,000
And Rudy, not just a
little nuclear waste.
569
00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:53,000
- That's right,
this thing is huge.
570
00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:56,417
It has the equivalent of
35 Olympic swimming pools
571
00:25:56,417 --> 00:25:58,917
of cemented
radioactive material.
572
00:25:58,917 --> 00:26:02,292
Now we've got some uncemented
radioactive crater debris
573
00:26:02,292 --> 00:26:03,958
and porous soil all around.
574
00:26:03,958 --> 00:26:06,583
Now, to protect
it from the ocean,
575
00:26:06,583 --> 00:26:08,792
we've got a sea wall as well.
576
00:26:08,792 --> 00:26:11,667
But the question is, is it safe?
577
00:26:11,667 --> 00:26:13,875
(dramatic music)
578
00:26:15,167 --> 00:26:18,292
First, we need to ask,
why so much waste?
579
00:26:18,292 --> 00:26:21,417
Historian Alex Wellerstein
says it's because a rivalry
580
00:26:21,417 --> 00:26:26,083
between the US Navy and Air
Force led to more than 60 tests.
581
00:26:26,083 --> 00:26:29,042
- It was the United
States Navy trying to show
582
00:26:29,042 --> 00:26:32,208
that it still had a
role in the nuclear age,
583
00:26:32,208 --> 00:26:36,208
and that the atomic bomb
didn't make it obsolete
584
00:26:36,208 --> 00:26:39,667
because the Army Air Forces
were sort of trying to take
585
00:26:39,667 --> 00:26:42,833
all of the credit for what
the future would look like
586
00:26:42,833 --> 00:26:45,000
in terms of national security.
587
00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:47,708
- [Rudy] And historian and
author Amy Teitel says
588
00:26:47,708 --> 00:26:51,125
the tests only stopped when
the US and Soviet Union
589
00:26:51,125 --> 00:26:53,167
agreed to a moratorium.
590
00:26:53,167 --> 00:26:56,750
- The moratorium called for
an end to atmospheric testing,
591
00:26:56,750 --> 00:26:59,125
but it wasn't an
immediate thing,
592
00:27:00,167 --> 00:27:03,250
which gave both countries
this last ditch effort
593
00:27:03,250 --> 00:27:06,542
to put in as many tests as
they could possibly get.
594
00:27:06,542 --> 00:27:08,250
- [Rudy] The
Marshallese had no idea
595
00:27:08,250 --> 00:27:09,708
there'd be so many tests
596
00:27:09,708 --> 00:27:14,083
or that they'd result in
100,000 cubic yards of waste.
597
00:27:14,083 --> 00:27:17,042
And there was another big
secret being kept from them.
598
00:27:17,042 --> 00:27:20,042
In the 1960s, after
nuke tests ended,
599
00:27:20,042 --> 00:27:23,708
the Navy conducted a dozen
biological weapons tests there.
600
00:27:24,750 --> 00:27:27,250
- The people there were
not really kept informed
601
00:27:27,250 --> 00:27:28,708
of what was gonna happen,
602
00:27:28,708 --> 00:27:31,042
and they were sort
of, in the end,
603
00:27:31,042 --> 00:27:32,875
treated a bit like guinea pigs.
604
00:27:32,875 --> 00:27:35,125
- [Rudy] See, the
Runit Dome was designed
605
00:27:35,125 --> 00:27:38,917
to literally bury that
part of the Atoll's past.
606
00:27:38,917 --> 00:27:44,875
It's 377 feet in diameter
with an apex of 24 feet
607
00:27:44,875 --> 00:27:47,875
and concrete walls 18
inches thick at sea level.
608
00:27:48,875 --> 00:27:50,833
But now, there are new concerns
609
00:27:50,833 --> 00:27:53,625
that the dome isn't
necessarily going to keep a lid
610
00:27:53,625 --> 00:27:54,958
on things forever.
611
00:27:56,042 --> 00:27:58,167
- The water level in
the area of Enewetak
612
00:27:58,167 --> 00:28:01,417
has been rising by about
seven millimeters per year.
613
00:28:01,417 --> 00:28:03,000
That doesn't sound like much,
614
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:04,958
but in aggregate over
time, that's a lot.
615
00:28:04,958 --> 00:28:08,417
And what that means is
that seawater is in contact
616
00:28:08,417 --> 00:28:11,708
with what the dome is sealing.
617
00:28:11,708 --> 00:28:14,833
- There are places that
water can get into.
618
00:28:14,833 --> 00:28:17,833
The fear now is that
radioactive material
619
00:28:17,833 --> 00:28:20,167
will slowly start leeching out.
620
00:28:20,167 --> 00:28:22,542
- [Rudy] We're left
with a situation that's,
621
00:28:22,542 --> 00:28:24,875
well, fubar is the best term.
622
00:28:24,875 --> 00:28:26,833
And the challenge
is to find a way
623
00:28:26,833 --> 00:28:29,708
to prevent a widespread
radioactive disaster
624
00:28:29,708 --> 00:28:31,333
without making matters worse.
625
00:28:31,333 --> 00:28:33,750
- And at this stage, the
only answer is to go there
626
00:28:33,750 --> 00:28:36,333
and pour more
concrete on top of it.
627
00:28:36,333 --> 00:28:37,583
Everything we do at this point
628
00:28:37,583 --> 00:28:40,417
is going to leave a
destructive footprint.
629
00:28:40,417 --> 00:28:41,833
What we're left with now
630
00:28:41,833 --> 00:28:44,708
is a situation that
cannot be changed.
631
00:28:44,708 --> 00:28:47,000
(tense music)
632
00:28:48,042 --> 00:28:49,625
- Whether or not the
tomb is strong enough
633
00:28:49,625 --> 00:28:53,792
to prevent an environmental
disaster is still a mystery.
634
00:28:53,792 --> 00:28:56,417
- And it's nuts to think
about all the nuke tests
635
00:28:56,417 --> 00:28:58,917
that happened around the
world before the ban.
636
00:28:58,917 --> 00:29:02,917
Here's a time lapse of every
atmospheric nuclear detonation
637
00:29:02,917 --> 00:29:04,583
around the world.
638
00:29:04,583 --> 00:29:06,250
- [Ronnie] There have been 528,
639
00:29:06,250 --> 00:29:08,708
and those are just the
ones that are above ground.
640
00:29:08,708 --> 00:29:10,792
- Let's hope we
don't get to 529.
641
00:29:14,917 --> 00:29:15,667
- This one's pretty
special, Ronnie.
642
00:29:15,958 --> 00:29:16,083
- This one's pretty
special, Ronnie.
643
00:29:16,542 --> 00:29:17,417
It's rare film
644
00:29:17,833 --> 00:29:20,167
of an Allied World War
II battleship exploding.
645
00:29:20,167 --> 00:29:21,875
The footage was so sensitive,
646
00:29:21,875 --> 00:29:23,208
it was kept hidden
from the public.
647
00:29:23,208 --> 00:29:25,417
- A lot of good
men died that day.
648
00:29:25,417 --> 00:29:27,958
The mystery though is
how did the ship explode?
649
00:29:29,042 --> 00:29:32,208
November 1941, in the
Mediterranean Sea,
650
00:29:32,208 --> 00:29:35,750
sailing from Alexandria
along Egypt's northern coast,
651
00:29:35,750 --> 00:29:37,458
the Royal Navy First Squadron
652
00:29:37,458 --> 00:29:40,667
including the HMS Barhum and
two other British battleships
653
00:29:40,667 --> 00:29:42,917
is on the hunt for Axis convoys.
654
00:29:42,917 --> 00:29:45,417
But historian Martin
K.A. Morgan says
655
00:29:45,417 --> 00:29:48,625
that you can see in this
declassified footage today,
656
00:29:48,625 --> 00:29:50,833
they are the ones being hunted.
657
00:29:50,833 --> 00:29:52,708
- The ship's capsizing.
658
00:29:52,708 --> 00:29:55,125
The ship is already
obviously in distress.
659
00:29:55,125 --> 00:29:57,500
And then this massive
explosion engulfs it.
660
00:29:57,500 --> 00:29:59,417
(explosion booming)
661
00:30:00,708 --> 00:30:01,875
- [Ronnie] Take another look.
662
00:30:01,875 --> 00:30:03,875
As seen in this
once secret footage,
663
00:30:03,875 --> 00:30:06,542
the Barhum is already rolling
over to her port side
664
00:30:06,542 --> 00:30:08,000
from a Nazi torpedo
665
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:11,042
when a massive explosion
rocks the ship.
666
00:30:11,042 --> 00:30:12,250
Arthur Ken Sewell says
667
00:30:12,250 --> 00:30:16,417
862 crew members
perished in the blast.
668
00:30:16,417 --> 00:30:20,500
- But when that ship detonates,
that's when this really,
669
00:30:20,500 --> 00:30:23,292
you know, turned from a
tragedy to a catastrophe.
670
00:30:23,292 --> 00:30:24,875
(explosion booming)
671
00:30:24,875 --> 00:30:27,333
- [Ronnie] But strangely,
nobody sees this footage.
672
00:30:27,333 --> 00:30:29,083
The British government
keeps it secret
673
00:30:29,083 --> 00:30:32,208
and embargoes the
news for months.
674
00:30:32,208 --> 00:30:34,042
And during that news blackout,
675
00:30:34,042 --> 00:30:37,042
this secret metastasizes
into a mystery.
676
00:30:37,042 --> 00:30:40,917
Ship sink but they usually
don't spontaneously combust.
677
00:30:43,208 --> 00:30:45,042
So the only reason
this was caught on film
678
00:30:45,042 --> 00:30:46,875
is because a camera crew
happened to be on board
679
00:30:46,875 --> 00:30:50,042
a neighboring ship, HMS Valiant.
680
00:30:50,042 --> 00:30:52,542
- I keep going back to
the last few seconds.
681
00:30:52,542 --> 00:30:54,458
The ship sinks so quickly
682
00:30:54,458 --> 00:30:58,042
and then detonates
only after it capsizes.
683
00:30:58,042 --> 00:31:01,375
And what could have caused this
massive secondary explosion?
684
00:31:01,375 --> 00:31:03,708
- I know, and how'd the Nazis
get a shot off on this ship
685
00:31:03,708 --> 00:31:04,833
in the first place?
686
00:31:04,833 --> 00:31:06,958
(tense music)
687
00:31:07,917 --> 00:31:10,208
First, some context.
688
00:31:10,208 --> 00:31:12,208
This is the first
half of World War II,
689
00:31:12,208 --> 00:31:14,042
and Nazi U-boats
have been sinking
690
00:31:14,042 --> 00:31:16,708
an average of eight
merchant ships a month.
691
00:31:16,708 --> 00:31:18,208
But it was very rare for them
692
00:31:18,208 --> 00:31:21,042
to take out
well-defended warships.
693
00:31:21,042 --> 00:31:22,333
- Battleships just
didn't sail out
694
00:31:22,333 --> 00:31:25,000
into the open Mediterranean
Sea by themselves.
695
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:27,208
They were under escort
from smaller ships.
696
00:31:27,208 --> 00:31:29,875
And if a submarine
appeared in the vicinity,
697
00:31:29,875 --> 00:31:31,208
the smaller ships attacked
698
00:31:31,208 --> 00:31:33,625
and then hopefully
destroyed that submarine
699
00:31:33,625 --> 00:31:36,042
so that the submarine
could not present a threat
700
00:31:36,042 --> 00:31:37,958
to the big prize,
the battleship.
701
00:31:39,542 --> 00:31:42,375
- [Ronnie] On this day,
the German submarine U-331
702
00:31:42,375 --> 00:31:45,292
was able to slip through
the convoys defenses,
703
00:31:45,292 --> 00:31:46,750
approaching the
Barhum at an angle
704
00:31:46,750 --> 00:31:50,583
that exploited weaknesses
in Allied sonar technology.
705
00:31:50,583 --> 00:31:55,333
- 1941, anti-submarine sonar
was not very sophisticated.
706
00:31:55,333 --> 00:31:58,833
They had a hydrophone that
would point back and forth
707
00:31:58,833 --> 00:32:00,083
and like a search light.
708
00:32:00,083 --> 00:32:02,917
U-boats would like to
get ahead of its target
709
00:32:02,917 --> 00:32:04,208
and approach it head on,
710
00:32:04,208 --> 00:32:06,708
so if it did get
hit with the sonar,
711
00:32:06,708 --> 00:32:08,375
there's not a lot
to reflect back.
712
00:32:09,500 --> 00:32:11,958
- [Ronnie] The hydrophone,
which is basically a fancy way
713
00:32:11,958 --> 00:32:13,833
of saying underwater microphone,
714
00:32:13,833 --> 00:32:16,000
could easily misidentify objects
715
00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:18,583
if they approached
from an odd angle.
716
00:32:18,583 --> 00:32:21,208
On the day the Barhum went
down in a faithful moment,
717
00:32:21,208 --> 00:32:23,917
an Allied hydrophone
detected the Nazi sub
718
00:32:23,917 --> 00:32:25,833
about a thousand yards away.
719
00:32:25,833 --> 00:32:30,250
But faulty data leads to the
misidentification of U-331.
720
00:32:30,250 --> 00:32:32,458
The Brits don't
think it's a sub,
721
00:32:32,458 --> 00:32:35,625
that allows the German predator
to continue its approach,
722
00:32:35,625 --> 00:32:38,333
threading through the front
cluster of destroyers.
723
00:32:39,625 --> 00:32:43,250
The U-331 hits the Barhum
with three torpedoes,
724
00:32:43,250 --> 00:32:45,833
so that's what causes
the ship to capsize.
725
00:32:45,833 --> 00:32:47,083
(explosion booming)
726
00:32:47,083 --> 00:32:49,000
But why did it explode?
727
00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:50,875
Well, Navy Captain
David Marquet says
728
00:32:50,875 --> 00:32:53,500
it has to do with the
way ordnance was stored.
729
00:32:53,500 --> 00:32:56,167
And what happens when
a ship rolls over?
730
00:32:56,167 --> 00:32:59,125
- You've got all
these big shells
731
00:32:59,125 --> 00:33:00,625
and you're storing
'em in this room.
732
00:33:00,625 --> 00:33:04,292
So they design the
mounts and the brackets
733
00:33:04,292 --> 00:33:07,208
needed to be able
to hold 45 degrees.
734
00:33:07,208 --> 00:33:09,208
- [Ronnie] But as you can
see in this freeze frame,
735
00:33:09,208 --> 00:33:12,875
at this point, we're
way past 45 degrees.
736
00:33:12,875 --> 00:33:16,708
- By the time the ship is
listed 90 degrees on its side,
737
00:33:16,708 --> 00:33:20,042
all those big artillery
shells that the ship carries
738
00:33:20,042 --> 00:33:24,542
in the magazines are falling
out of their brackets.
739
00:33:25,583 --> 00:33:29,333
And you have this massive,
catastrophic explosion.
740
00:33:31,875 --> 00:33:33,292
- [Ronnie] This
was a major event
741
00:33:33,292 --> 00:33:35,708
impacting thousands of lives.
742
00:33:35,708 --> 00:33:37,167
So why did the
British government
743
00:33:37,167 --> 00:33:39,375
immediately classify the footage
744
00:33:39,375 --> 00:33:43,000
and wait weeks before
informing the cruise families?
745
00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:45,625
- The loss of a Queen
Elizabeth-class battleship
746
00:33:45,625 --> 00:33:49,250
of the Royal Navy would
be corrosive to morale.
747
00:33:49,250 --> 00:33:51,167
But that's not the main reason.
748
00:33:51,167 --> 00:33:53,708
The main reason that
this was kept quiet
749
00:33:53,708 --> 00:33:57,542
was primarily out of a concern
for operational security.
750
00:33:57,542 --> 00:33:59,875
- [Ronnie] Turns out, the
U-boat that sank the Barhum fled
751
00:33:59,875 --> 00:34:02,042
before even confirming
the ship had sunk.
752
00:34:02,042 --> 00:34:04,292
And the British wanted to
keep the Nazis in the dark
753
00:34:04,292 --> 00:34:06,375
for as long as possible.
754
00:34:06,375 --> 00:34:08,333
- That was the
British strike force
755
00:34:08,333 --> 00:34:09,917
in the eastern Mediterranean.
756
00:34:09,917 --> 00:34:11,458
If the Royal Navy
is out of action,
757
00:34:11,458 --> 00:34:13,708
there's nothing that'll stop
the Germans in North Africa.
758
00:34:13,708 --> 00:34:16,542
The whole British position
might have been undermined.
759
00:34:16,542 --> 00:34:18,667
(tense music)
760
00:34:20,083 --> 00:34:21,958
- All right, so we've
solved this one.
761
00:34:21,958 --> 00:34:23,333
The Barhum was struck
762
00:34:23,333 --> 00:34:25,208
because Nazi submarines
were able to exploit a flaw
763
00:34:25,208 --> 00:34:26,875
in British sonar.
764
00:34:26,875 --> 00:34:30,042
- And we know the source of
that secondary explosion.
765
00:34:30,042 --> 00:34:33,583
The German U-boat torpedo
capsized the ship.
766
00:34:33,583 --> 00:34:34,917
The shells got loose.
767
00:34:34,917 --> 00:34:36,292
Boom! They detonate.
768
00:34:39,958 --> 00:34:41,542
- Everybody's heard
of Navy Seals,
769
00:34:41,542 --> 00:34:43,250
but in this week's
secret weapon segment,
770
00:34:43,250 --> 00:34:46,375
we wanna talk about
Navy dolphins.
771
00:34:46,375 --> 00:34:48,583
- Militaries around the
world are using them.
772
00:34:48,583 --> 00:34:49,708
But the big question,
773
00:34:49,708 --> 00:34:52,583
are we turning flipper
into a deadly weapon?
774
00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:57,042
February 2022, the
Crimean Peninsula.
775
00:34:57,042 --> 00:35:00,500
It's the eve of Russia's full
scale invasion of the Ukraine
776
00:35:00,500 --> 00:35:03,250
when a mapping satellite
picks up a strange object
777
00:35:03,250 --> 00:35:06,875
that has just appeared in the
waters of Sevastopol Harbor.
778
00:35:06,875 --> 00:35:08,375
Let's take a closer look.
779
00:35:08,375 --> 00:35:11,875
It appears to be some
kind of submerged, bug-like
780
00:35:11,875 --> 00:35:15,958
air or watercraft with two
identical wings or chambers
781
00:35:15,958 --> 00:35:18,250
on either side of a metal frame.
782
00:35:18,250 --> 00:35:20,542
Military historian Mike Guardia
783
00:35:20,542 --> 00:35:24,542
says that the incredibly strange
weapon isn't a weapon at all.
784
00:35:24,542 --> 00:35:28,042
It's actually a pen
that houses the weapon.
785
00:35:28,042 --> 00:35:30,708
- It's not a boat and
it's not a submarine.
786
00:35:30,708 --> 00:35:33,292
Believe it or not, that
is a navy dolphin.
787
00:35:33,292 --> 00:35:35,042
- [Rudy] Did he say dolphins?
788
00:35:35,042 --> 00:35:38,042
Apparently, it's not as
strange as it sounds.
789
00:35:38,042 --> 00:35:40,542
According to journalist
and author Mark Sauter,
790
00:35:40,542 --> 00:35:44,125
the United States military
has relied on trained dolphins
791
00:35:44,125 --> 00:35:45,583
for decades.
792
00:35:45,583 --> 00:35:47,792
- Back around 1960,
793
00:35:47,792 --> 00:35:51,375
the US Navy began to
experiment with marine mammals
794
00:35:51,375 --> 00:35:54,375
such as dolphins, sea
lions, and whales,
795
00:35:54,375 --> 00:35:56,875
to see if they could
accomplish difficult missions
796
00:35:56,875 --> 00:35:58,000
under the water.
797
00:35:58,000 --> 00:35:59,292
And it turned out they could.
798
00:35:59,292 --> 00:36:00,833
- [Rudy] Most commonly,
799
00:36:00,833 --> 00:36:03,833
they've been used to pinpoint
the exact location of mines.
800
00:36:03,833 --> 00:36:07,125
- Dolphins have great low
light vision, incredible sonar.
801
00:36:07,125 --> 00:36:09,167
They're fast, they're agile,
802
00:36:09,167 --> 00:36:11,375
they're able to move
at depths underwater.
803
00:36:11,375 --> 00:36:12,583
So at the end of the day,
804
00:36:12,583 --> 00:36:14,833
the natural solution
that the dolphins have
805
00:36:14,833 --> 00:36:17,458
is better than any technology
we've come up with.
806
00:36:18,542 --> 00:36:21,333
- [Rudy] But many believe
the world's major powers
807
00:36:21,333 --> 00:36:24,292
are also training
dolphins to kill.
808
00:36:25,500 --> 00:36:28,917
That's the rumor about those
Russian dolphins in Crimea.
809
00:36:29,292 --> 00:36:31,750
And the militant
Islamic group Hamas
810
00:36:31,750 --> 00:36:34,208
released this video claiming
one of their members
811
00:36:34,208 --> 00:36:36,792
in their frogmen unit
had been attacked
812
00:36:36,792 --> 00:36:40,375
by a heavily armed dolphin
in the service of Israel.
813
00:36:40,375 --> 00:36:42,208
(soldier speaking Arabic)
814
00:36:46,667 --> 00:36:48,208
- [Rudy] As you can
see in the video,
815
00:36:48,208 --> 00:36:50,458
they claim the dolphin
was wearing this harness,
816
00:36:50,458 --> 00:36:52,708
which would appear to fit
on the dolphin's nose,
817
00:36:52,708 --> 00:36:55,792
and has what looks like a
spear gun attached to it.
818
00:36:55,792 --> 00:36:57,083
Is this for real?
819
00:36:57,083 --> 00:36:59,542
- Hang on, killer dolphins?
820
00:36:59,542 --> 00:37:01,208
Rudy, are you tracking
anything on this?
821
00:37:01,208 --> 00:37:04,167
- My unit works with the
underwater sea mammals.
822
00:37:04,167 --> 00:37:05,833
They protect our harbors.
823
00:37:05,833 --> 00:37:09,042
They pick up rank and they can
retire just like you and me
824
00:37:09,042 --> 00:37:10,417
after 20 years.
825
00:37:10,417 --> 00:37:12,042
- Well, I don't have a
lot of experience here,
826
00:37:12,042 --> 00:37:15,292
but we did ask our experts
to take a deep dive into it.
827
00:37:15,292 --> 00:37:17,500
(tense music)
828
00:37:19,375 --> 00:37:21,542
- [Rudy] First, we
dug into the history
829
00:37:21,542 --> 00:37:24,375
and it turns out there are
allegations of dolphins
830
00:37:24,375 --> 00:37:28,917
being used as assassins going
back more than 60 years.
831
00:37:28,917 --> 00:37:32,542
Mark Sauter says some of the
most compelling public accounts
832
00:37:32,542 --> 00:37:34,542
are from the Vietnam War.
833
00:37:34,542 --> 00:37:39,250
- Now, the reports were, that
the dolphins had been trained
834
00:37:39,250 --> 00:37:44,125
to wear a giant hypodermic
needle on their nose
835
00:37:44,125 --> 00:37:46,625
attached to compressed gas.
836
00:37:48,917 --> 00:37:51,500
And the allegations were,
837
00:37:51,500 --> 00:37:53,208
that the dolphin
would be swimming,
838
00:37:53,208 --> 00:37:56,375
would see an enemy
frogmen, and bam!
839
00:37:56,375 --> 00:37:59,708
Would slam this giant
needle into their body.
840
00:37:59,708 --> 00:38:02,417
The gas would rush through
into their body cavity,
841
00:38:02,417 --> 00:38:05,333
blow up their insides,
and as a benefit,
842
00:38:05,333 --> 00:38:06,875
float them to the top
843
00:38:06,875 --> 00:38:09,625
so that the human guards
could recover them.
844
00:38:10,833 --> 00:38:13,542
- [Rudy] Is it really possible
to train dolphins to kill?
845
00:38:13,542 --> 00:38:15,292
On the one hand, they have
846
00:38:15,292 --> 00:38:19,042
an insanely sophisticated
echolocation system.
847
00:38:19,042 --> 00:38:20,500
They use that clicking sound
848
00:38:20,500 --> 00:38:23,500
not only to map large
areas of the ocean,
849
00:38:23,500 --> 00:38:27,708
but to identify objects with
mind-blowing specificity.
850
00:38:27,708 --> 00:38:31,208
For instance, when a dolphin
echo locates on a person,
851
00:38:31,208 --> 00:38:33,208
they don't just see
muscle and bone.
852
00:38:33,208 --> 00:38:34,750
They can see scar tissue,
853
00:38:34,750 --> 00:38:38,792
metal pins or rods, and
artificial body parts.
854
00:38:38,792 --> 00:38:42,208
But could they be trained to
kill specific kinds of people
855
00:38:42,208 --> 00:38:44,000
and not others?
856
00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:45,667
Preston Stewart is skeptical.
857
00:38:45,667 --> 00:38:47,042
- It's one thing for a dolphin
858
00:38:47,042 --> 00:38:50,583
to identify a mine under the
surface, or a shipwreck,
859
00:38:50,583 --> 00:38:53,958
but to identify an individual
human being in the water
860
00:38:53,958 --> 00:38:56,708
and to take action to
kill that one person,
861
00:38:57,958 --> 00:38:59,792
that's asking a lot.
862
00:38:59,792 --> 00:39:02,917
- [Rudy] The US Navy officially
denies any involvement
863
00:39:02,917 --> 00:39:04,208
in such training.
864
00:39:04,208 --> 00:39:05,917
But that's not the whole story.
865
00:39:05,917 --> 00:39:08,250
Former trainers for the
Navy have come forward
866
00:39:08,250 --> 00:39:10,125
to say it's all true.
867
00:39:10,125 --> 00:39:11,958
They were teaching
dolphins to kill.
868
00:39:13,500 --> 00:39:16,000
One trainer even said
they were mounting weapons
869
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:17,167
to their snouts.
870
00:39:17,167 --> 00:39:18,750
They believe the program failed
871
00:39:18,750 --> 00:39:21,375
because the dolphins
refused to cooperate.
872
00:39:21,375 --> 00:39:22,792
- If skeptics say,
873
00:39:22,792 --> 00:39:25,000
"Well, the Navy would never
train them to do that,"
874
00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:28,417
or, "The CIA would never
train them to do that,"
875
00:39:28,417 --> 00:39:30,083
I would suggest that's naive.
876
00:39:30,083 --> 00:39:31,875
I think they did.
877
00:39:31,875 --> 00:39:33,875
- [Rudy] Sauter says it's
our buddies at Langley
878
00:39:33,875 --> 00:39:36,542
who have taken the lead with
training killer dolphins.
879
00:39:36,542 --> 00:39:39,875
In fact, we now know through
declassified documents
880
00:39:39,875 --> 00:39:43,500
that the CIA wanted to arm
dolphins with explosives
881
00:39:43,500 --> 00:39:45,625
to sink enemy ships.
882
00:39:45,625 --> 00:39:48,708
The top secret program,
project OXYGAS,
883
00:39:48,708 --> 00:39:52,167
started training
two dolphins in 1964
884
00:39:52,167 --> 00:39:54,042
to carry out combat missions.
885
00:39:55,667 --> 00:40:00,125
- The Navy is doing
the relatively open
886
00:40:00,125 --> 00:40:02,500
and unclassified work,
887
00:40:02,500 --> 00:40:06,917
but there's a shadow program
being managed by the CIA.
888
00:40:06,917 --> 00:40:10,875
And the CIA program
is highly classified,
889
00:40:10,875 --> 00:40:14,000
and involves
dolphins doing things
890
00:40:14,000 --> 00:40:17,958
that the government does
not want the public to know.
891
00:40:19,042 --> 00:40:20,958
(tense music)
892
00:40:21,917 --> 00:40:24,542
- We've got the
declassified CIA case file
893
00:40:24,542 --> 00:40:26,333
for Project OXYGAS here.
894
00:40:26,333 --> 00:40:27,542
Take a look.
895
00:40:27,542 --> 00:40:29,083
This is the actual
artist rendering
896
00:40:29,083 --> 00:40:31,333
of the dolphins carrying bombs.
897
00:40:31,333 --> 00:40:33,042
What could go wrong?
898
00:40:33,042 --> 00:40:36,000
- Now, the CIA shut the
program down in 1970
899
00:40:36,000 --> 00:40:38,833
because the dolphins were
just too unpredictable.
900
00:40:38,833 --> 00:40:41,208
That probably explains
why we don't have dolphins
901
00:40:41,208 --> 00:40:42,750
with lasers on their heads.
902
00:40:42,750 --> 00:40:44,917
But we don't know
what we don't know.
903
00:40:44,917 --> 00:40:48,208
Possibly, there's still some
kind of program like this
904
00:40:48,208 --> 00:40:50,083
alive and flipping.
905
00:40:51,375 --> 00:40:52,667
I'm Rudy Reyes.
906
00:40:52,667 --> 00:40:53,833
- And I'm Ronnie Adkins.
907
00:40:53,833 --> 00:40:55,833
Until next time,
keep your powder dry.
908
00:40:55,833 --> 00:40:58,208
- And your head on a
swivel. Good night.
909
00:40:58,208 --> 00:41:00,583
(dramatic music)
71960
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