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"Vid�l jsem v�ci, kter�m by lid�
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00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:07,080
� nev��ili."
3
00:00:10,520 --> 00:00:13,320
V pr�b�hu historie, v�voj technologi�
4
00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:16,960
p�em�nil nejdivo�ej�� fantazie
5
00:00:16,960 --> 00:00:19,360
do na�� ka�dodenn� skute�nosti.
6
00:00:19,360 --> 00:00:23,040
A od prvn�ch n�stroj�
k nejpokro�ilej��m po��ta��m,
7
00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:25,840
jsme vybudovali posloupnost stroj�
8
00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:28,520
nahrazuj�c� lidskou pr�ci.
9
00:00:28,520 --> 00:00:30,680
Sci-fi reagovala
10
00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:35,080
s barvitou sm�s� robotick�ch pomocn�k�.
11
00:00:35,080 --> 00:00:37,920
Setk�te se s okouzluj�c�m
charakterem robota.
12
00:00:39,040 --> 00:00:42,840
Ale sen o vytvo�en� vlastn�ho
mechanick�ho slu�ebn�ka
13
00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:46,960
jde v�dy ruku v ruce
s hroznou no�n� m�rou.
14
00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:51,120
Co kdy� se jednoho dne,
stroje obr�t� proti sv�m p�n�m?
15
00:00:52,400 --> 00:00:54,520
Mysl�m si, �e my�lenka robot�,
16
00:00:54,520 --> 00:00:56,400
maj� v�t�� s�lu,
17
00:00:56,400 --> 00:00:59,280
maj� vynikaj�c� intelekt,
18
00:00:59,280 --> 00:01:01,520
v�po�etn� v�kon pro n�s.
19
00:01:01,520 --> 00:01:03,920
Skv�l� n�pad, kter� vytv��� drama,
20
00:01:03,920 --> 00:01:06,520
je, �e p�ekonaj� sv� naprogramov�n�.
21
00:01:08,960 --> 00:01:11,040
A opravdu mraziv� my�lenka
22
00:01:11,040 --> 00:01:13,040
je, �e na�e velk� touha hr�t si na Boha�
23
00:01:13,040 --> 00:01:15,360
Je to �iv�, je to �iv�!
24
00:01:15,360 --> 00:01:16,960
Je na�ivu!
25
00:01:16,960 --> 00:01:20,320
�by mohla nakonec v�st
k na�emu vlastn�mu p�du.
26
00:01:20,320 --> 00:01:23,480
A� jednou dod�l�te tuhle v�c,
jakmile vytvo��te v�dom�,
27
00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:25,240
jak� je va�e odpov�dnost v��i tomu?
28
00:01:25,240 --> 00:01:29,120
A jak� jsou nebezpe��
pou��v�n� technologi� na sob�
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00:01:29,120 --> 00:01:31,880
ke zlep�en� vlastn�ch schopnosti?
30
00:01:31,880 --> 00:01:34,000
Ukradli
31
00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:38,720
v�echno s v�jimkou� lidsk� du�e.
32
00:01:38,720 --> 00:01:42,760
Kde p�ekro��me ��ru a
p�em�n�me se sami na stroje?
33
00:01:42,760 --> 00:01:45,920
Mohli bychom b�t vymaz�ni a p�em�n�ni,
34
00:01:45,920 --> 00:01:49,880
a v�e, co z n�s d�lalo lidstvo
by mohlo b�t nahrazeno.
35
00:01:50,880 --> 00:01:53,160
Od po��ta�� ke kyborg�m,
36
00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:57,480
od neohraban�ch robot�
k nejn�ro�n�j��m android�m,
37
00:01:57,480 --> 00:02:01,520
sci-fi vyu�ila ot�zku um�l�ho �ivota
38
00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:06,520
p�i kladen� nep��jemn� ot�zky t�kaj�c�
se s�ly, svobody, odpov�dnosti
39
00:02:06,520 --> 00:02:09,400
a povaze lidstva samotn�ho.
40
00:02:14,220 --> 00:02:18,400
SV�TY Z�T�KA
41
00:02:19,040 --> 00:02:21,960
"D�kuji v�m za spolupr�ci."
42
00:02:28,040 --> 00:02:30,960
ROBOTI
43
00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:37,040
To je Oxford,
44
00:02:37,040 --> 00:02:38,720
kde jsem p�i�el hledat
45
00:02:38,720 --> 00:02:43,600
prvn� velkou pr�ci, kter� se
zab�vala t�matem um�l�ho �ivota -
46
00:02:43,600 --> 00:02:46,640
rom�n Mary Shelleyov� z roku 1818,
47
00:02:46,640 --> 00:02:49,800
Frankenstein - nebo modern� Prom�theus.
48
00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:54,000
V knize, Viktor Frankenstein
49
00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:55,960
vlastn� proch�z� Oxfordem,
50
00:02:55,960 --> 00:02:57,960
s monstrem kter� vytvo�il
51
00:02:57,960 --> 00:02:59,560
t�sn� v pat�ch.
52
00:02:59,560 --> 00:03:04,040
Ale dnes, se Oxford m��e pochlubit
dal��m spojen�m s Frankensteinem
53
00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:05,840
a to knihou samotnou.
54
00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:08,280
Tak�e, tady to je - origin�ln� rukopis
55
00:03:08,280 --> 00:03:12,680
toho, co je pravd�podobn� prvn�
sci-fi rom�n, kter� kdy byl naps�n.
56
00:03:12,680 --> 00:03:15,480
Tato pas� mus� b�t jednou
z nejzn�m�j��ch pas��
57
00:03:15,480 --> 00:03:17,240
v�ech popul�rn�ch fikc�,
58
00:03:17,240 --> 00:03:21,200
proto�e zkoum� t�mata, kter� posedla
spisovatel� science-fiction
59
00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:22,880
po nadch�zej�c� l�ta,
60
00:03:22,880 --> 00:03:24,840
proto�e toto je okam�ik
61
00:03:24,840 --> 00:03:29,160
kdy Frankensteinovo monstrum o��v�.
62
00:03:29,160 --> 00:03:32,240
�� z�blesk nap�l pohasl�ho sv�tla,
63
00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:35,840
vid�l jsem otev�en� mdl� �lut� oko stvo�en텓
64
00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:39,880
"Jak mohu popsat sv�
emoce u t�to katastrofy�?�
65
00:03:39,880 --> 00:03:43,320
"... Vybral jsem jeho tv��, aby byla kr�sn�."
66
00:03:43,320 --> 00:03:45,280
"Kr�sa! Velk� Bo�e!"
67
00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:49,680
"Jeho k��e sotva zakr�v�
pr�ci sval� a tepen��
68
00:03:49,680 --> 00:03:52,480
� neuv��iteln� hr�za a
znechucen� vyplnilo m� srdce."
69
00:03:52,480 --> 00:03:56,480
"Neschopn� vydr�et vzhled
byt�, kter� jsem vytvo�il,
70
00:03:56,480 --> 00:03:58,520
sp�chal jsem z pokoje��
71
00:03:58,520 --> 00:04:01,920
A tak, Frankenstein opou�t� sv� stvo�en�
72
00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:05,440
s jak se uk�zalo katastrof�ln�mi n�sledky.
73
00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:10,880
Trval� dovol�n�
74
00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:17,000
je tato neuv��iteln� ��st
p�edstavuj�c� mor�ln� probl�m�
75
00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:23,080
�t�to� tohoto �lov�k vytv��ej�c�ho �lov�ka.
76
00:04:23,080 --> 00:04:25,280
Mysl�m, �e je to prost� perfektn�.
77
00:04:25,280 --> 00:04:27,240
Frankenstein vynalezl n�co
78
00:04:27,240 --> 00:04:29,680
p�ed ��m s�m ute�e,
79
00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:32,400
to hled� �t�chu
80
00:04:32,400 --> 00:04:34,160
a nem��e ji naj�t
81
00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:35,880
tak jde a kv�l� do noci.
82
00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:39,920
Je nevinn�? Je zl�?
83
00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:42,560
V�te, kniha je velmi, velmi slo�it�
84
00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:46,360
a tak t�m jsou lid� prost� po��d fascinov�ni.
85
00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:50,560
Mary Shelleyovou zaujali experimenty
86
00:04:50,560 --> 00:04:54,040
italsk�ho fyzika Luigiho Galvaniho,
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00:04:54,040 --> 00:04:58,400
kter� pou��val elekt�inu
k o�iven� sval� mrtv� ��by.
88
00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:02,720
V roce 1803, Galvaniho synovec
89
00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:06,800
stimuloval kon�etiny
popraven�ho zlo�ince v Lond�n�,
90
00:05:06,800 --> 00:05:09,760
�dajn� zp�sobil, �e se
oko mrtvoly otev�elo
91
00:05:09,760 --> 00:05:12,600
a jeho ruka zvedla.
92
00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:17,280
Ale Shelleyov�, z�kladn� obavy
byly v�ce mor�ln� ne� elektrick�.
93
00:05:17,280 --> 00:05:20,120
Mysl�m, �e kl�� k my�len� Mary Shelleyov�
94
00:05:20,120 --> 00:05:22,040
je tady v n�zvu -
95
00:05:22,040 --> 00:05:25,400
Frankenstein aneb Modern� Prom�theus.
96
00:05:25,400 --> 00:05:27,600
V�te, v �eck� mytologii,
97
00:05:27,600 --> 00:05:31,760
Prom�theus byl Tit�n, kter� stvo�il
�lov�ka k obrazu sv�ch boh�
98
00:05:31,760 --> 00:05:33,960
a ukradl ohe� z nebe -
99
00:05:33,960 --> 00:05:36,360
kone�n� dar pozn�n�.
100
00:05:36,360 --> 00:05:41,360
Frankenstein je p��b�h
o n�sledc�ch hran� si na Boha,
101
00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:44,640
o stvo�en� a odpov�dnosti.
102
00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:49,880
A to t�ma a ta my�lenka �lov�ka
jako modern�ho Prom�thea,
103
00:05:49,880 --> 00:05:53,840
jsou v sam�m centru sci-fi od t� doby.
104
00:05:54,960 --> 00:05:56,560
Je na�ivu!
105
00:05:56,560 --> 00:05:58,240
Je to �iv�, je to �iv�!
106
00:05:58,240 --> 00:06:00,200
Dnes, za n� popul�rn� obraz
107
00:06:00,200 --> 00:06:01,520
monstra
108
00:06:01,520 --> 00:06:03,520
vd���me nejv�ce Borisi Karloffovi
109
00:06:03,520 --> 00:06:05,280
nezapomenuteln�m zobrazen�m
110
00:06:05,280 --> 00:06:08,240
ve filmu z roku 1931.
111
00:06:08,240 --> 00:06:11,640
Kdy� se mrtv� ruka pohybuje,
112
00:06:11,640 --> 00:06:15,040
monstrum vytvo�en� mu�em,
kter�ho naz�vali ��len�
113
00:06:15,040 --> 00:06:18,880
se stalo voln�, aby budilo hr�zu v srdc�ch lid�.
114
00:06:18,880 --> 00:06:21,840
Ve skute�nosti, Karloff�v hromotluk
115
00:06:21,840 --> 00:06:23,800
nenese t�m�� ��dnou podobnost
116
00:06:23,800 --> 00:06:26,280
bystr�, inteligentn� bytosti Shelleyov�.
117
00:06:26,280 --> 00:06:28,880
Jeho trhav�, t�kop�dn� pohyby
118
00:06:28,880 --> 00:06:31,200
a elektrody na krku
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00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:34,320
p�ipom�naj� n�co mnohem
v�ce mechanick�ho.
120
00:06:34,320 --> 00:06:37,880
Zaklepali na nastupuj�c� fenom�n 20. stolet� -
121
00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:41,640
fascinace roboty�
122
00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:45,880
� a ned�v�ru ke stroj�m,
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00:06:45,880 --> 00:06:47,840
kter� vydr�� a� do dne�n�ho dne.
124
00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:56,320
Slovo "robot" bylo vytvo�eno v roce
1921 spisovatelem Karlem �apkem,
125
00:06:56,320 --> 00:07:00,000
a je odvozeno od �esk�ho slova
"robota," kter� znamen� "nucen� pr�ce."
126
00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:05,000
V �apkov� h�e,
"R.U.R. - Rossumovi Univers�ln� Roboti."
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00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:09,760
stroje povstanou a zni�� sv� tv�rce.
128
00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:13,000
To nen� zrovna nejslibn�j�� za��tek.
129
00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:16,640
No, nen�.
Ale �apkovi roboti ude�� na citlivou strunu.
130
00:07:16,640 --> 00:07:20,840
Pamatujte si, �e byli 20. l�ta, v�k
mimo��dn�ch pr�myslov�ch zm�n,
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00:07:20,840 --> 00:07:23,520
s tov�rnami, kter� se cel� p�em��ovaly
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00:07:23,520 --> 00:07:25,840
k mechanizaci a hromadn� v�rob�.
133
00:07:25,840 --> 00:07:30,240
Tak�e, nen� ��dn�m p�ekvapen�m, �e
oby�ejn� pracuj�c� se za�ali pt�t sami sebe
134
00:07:30,240 --> 00:07:33,880
zda budoucnost pat�� lidem nebo stroj�m.
135
00:07:37,480 --> 00:07:40,800
V roce 1927, tyto obavy inspirovali
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00:07:40,800 --> 00:07:44,000
jeden z nejv�t��ch mezn�k�
v d�jin�ch kinematografie -
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00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:47,920
futuristick� n�meck� film Metropolis.
138
00:07:47,920 --> 00:07:51,400
Vytvo�il ��len�ho v�dce Rotwanga,
139
00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:54,800
robota Marii, maj�c� lidskou podobu
140
00:07:54,800 --> 00:07:59,120
vel�c� povstaleck�m pracovn�k�m
Metropolisu k jejich zni�en�.
141
00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:03,880
A poprv�, robot zaujal p�edstavivost
142
00:08:03,880 --> 00:08:07,080
div�k� po cel�m sv�t�.
143
00:08:07,080 --> 00:08:09,400
Metropolis vynik� podle m�,
144
00:08:09,400 --> 00:08:11,000
na osobn� �rovni,
145
00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:15,720
robota Marie a na tom, jak
sexu�ln� je jako robot.
146
00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:17,640
A mysl�m si, �e to je prost� n�co,
147
00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:19,160
co jsem od prvn�ho okam�iku vid�l,
148
00:08:19,160 --> 00:08:21,200
dokonce jako temnou str�nku filmu
149
00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:23,320
s t�mi kruhy koluj�c�mi kolem n�,
150
00:08:23,320 --> 00:08:26,520
byl ve mn� pocit, jako
bych byl v n�jak�m sv�t�,
151
00:08:26,520 --> 00:08:29,040
kter� nen� tak bezpe�n�
152
00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:34,120
z hlediska vz�jemn�ho vztahu
mezi strojem a� a sexualitou.
153
00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:37,560
A miloval jsem ten pocit,
kter� m� stav�l na okraj.
154
00:08:37,560 --> 00:08:42,240
Kr�sn�, hrozn� a naprosto nezapomenuteln�,
155
00:08:42,240 --> 00:08:45,800
Maria je zt�lesn�n�m na�ich obav ze stroj�.
156
00:08:45,800 --> 00:08:48,560
A stala se ikonou nejen n�meck�ho filmu,
157
00:08:48,560 --> 00:08:51,400
ale cel� �ry n�m�ho filmu.
158
00:08:51,400 --> 00:08:53,400
Ale jeden spisovatel zejm�na
159
00:08:53,400 --> 00:08:58,080
nen�vid�l to, co vid�l jako pesimismus,
protiv�deckou zaujatost
160
00:08:58,080 --> 00:09:01,000
p��b�h�, jako je Metropolis a Frankenstein.
161
00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:04,760
Byl to americk� biochemik
jm�nem Isaac Asimov,
162
00:09:04,760 --> 00:09:08,160
a cht�l ps�t o robotech, kte�� byli dob��.
163
00:09:11,320 --> 00:09:16,400
Asimov se za�al zaj�mat o to,
co by definovalo dobr�ho robota.
164
00:09:16,400 --> 00:09:19,560
A v pov�dce publikovan� v roce 1942,
165
00:09:19,560 --> 00:09:24,040
nast�nil sv� T�i z�kony robotiky.
166
00:09:24,040 --> 00:09:26,800
Prvn� z�kon je n�sleduj�c� -
167
00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:29,920
"Robot nesm� ubl�it �lov�ku,
168
00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:34,040
nebo svou ne�innost� dopustit,
aby �lov�k p�i�el k �jm�."
169
00:09:34,040 --> 00:09:38,120
��slo dv� - "Robot mus� poslechnout
170
00:09:38,120 --> 00:09:41,200
rozkazy dan� kvalifikovan�m person�lem,
171
00:09:41,200 --> 00:09:45,040
pokud tyto p��kazy neporu��
pravidlo ��slo jedna."
172
00:09:45,040 --> 00:09:48,520
Jin�mi slovy, robot nem��e
dostat rozkaz, aby zabil �lov�ka.
173
00:09:48,520 --> 00:09:52,440
Z�kon ��slo t�i -
"Robot mus� chr�nit svou vlastn� existenci��
174
00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:55,240
Koneckonc�, je to drah� kus vybaven�.
175
00:09:55,240 --> 00:09:58,480
�� pokud neporu�� z�kony jedna nebo dva."
176
00:09:58,480 --> 00:10:01,440
Asimovovi z�kony poskytli z�klad
177
00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:05,160
pro �adu nezapomenuteln�ch
p��b�h� o robotech,
178
00:10:05,160 --> 00:10:09,600
zkoumaj�c� potenci�ln� nebezpe��
p�edsudk� proti robot�m
179
00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:13,920
a dokonce i s ot�zkou, zda by se
T�i z�kony mohly navz�jem vyru�it.
180
00:10:15,480 --> 00:10:18,280
Ale v ekonomick�m rozmachu 50. let
181
00:10:18,280 --> 00:10:22,520
kdy i oby�ejn� dom�cnosti
instalovali ledni�ky a pra�ky,
182
00:10:22,520 --> 00:10:25,720
postoj ve�ejnosti k robot�m za�al m�knout.
183
00:10:25,720 --> 00:10:27,760
To je kuchyn� z�t�ka,
184
00:10:27,760 --> 00:10:30,440
stiskn�te tla��tko spl�uj�c� sny hospodyn�k.
185
00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:33,640
V�echny druhy div� spln� stisknut� tla��tka.
186
00:10:33,640 --> 00:10:38,040
Mo�n�, �e "hospody�ky" by
mohly sp�e cht�t robota sluhu.
187
00:10:38,040 --> 00:10:40,600
Kone�n� posledn� model.
188
00:10:43,920 --> 00:10:46,920
A v roce 1956, n�m
film Zak�zan� planeta
189
00:10:46,920 --> 00:10:49,000
uk�zal Robbyho.
190
00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:52,760
Nebyl jen u�ivatelsky p��jemn�.
Byl skoro mil�.
191
00:10:54,040 --> 00:10:57,320
Setk�te se s okouzluj�c�m
charakterem robota.
192
00:10:57,320 --> 00:10:59,000
Schopn� vyrobit na zak�zku,
193
00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:02,040
deset tun olova �i sv�dn� ve�ern� �aty.
194
00:11:02,040 --> 00:11:03,600
Miloval jsem robota Robbyho.
195
00:11:03,600 --> 00:11:06,480
Myslel jsem si, �e to je ten nej��asn�j��
robot, jak�ho kdo mohl v�bec ud�lat.
196
00:11:06,480 --> 00:11:09,840
A i kdy� jste v�dy v�d�li, �e je to
chlap v obleku, bylo to jen lep��.
197
00:11:09,840 --> 00:11:12,560
�e nem�l obli�ej - bylo jen jin� a lep��.
198
00:11:12,560 --> 00:11:15,000
Mysl�m, �e existovalo n�kolik
v�c�, skv�l�ch na Robbym.
199
00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:18,080
Bylo to antropomorfn� jist�m
zp�sobem, v tom, �e m�l ruce a nohy.
200
00:11:18,080 --> 00:11:20,840
Ale opravdu nem�l hlavu,
nebo o�i, nebo tak n�co.
201
00:11:20,840 --> 00:11:23,960
V�dy k va�im slu�b�m.
202
00:11:23,960 --> 00:11:27,760
To mus� b�t nejkr�sn�j��, nejjemn�j��
v�c, kterou jsi kdy pro m� ud�lal.
203
00:11:27,760 --> 00:11:30,200
A m�lo to tu v�c, kter� se trochu rozz��ila
204
00:11:30,200 --> 00:11:32,760
bylo to podobn� hlasov� stop�.
205
00:11:32,760 --> 00:11:36,520
Hv�zdn�m saf�r�m trv� t�den,
aby spr�vn� krystalizovali.
206
00:11:36,520 --> 00:11:38,320
Cht�la byste to ud�lat
s diamanty nebo smaragdy?
207
00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:41,560
A pak m�l v�echny tyto
podivn� mal� ob�haj�c� v�ci�ky
208
00:11:41,560 --> 00:11:45,080
to zastoupen� jeho mozku nebo jeho
my�lenkov�ch proces�, nebo tak n�co.
209
00:11:45,080 --> 00:11:47,640
A to bylo n�co jako hybrid mezi
210
00:11:47,640 --> 00:11:50,880
n���m, co bylo velmi
d�mysln�, elektronick�,
211
00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:52,600
ale tak� mechanick� jist�m zp�sobem.
212
00:11:53,760 --> 00:11:57,400
Zat�mco filma�i jen z��dka byli
schopni odolat my�lence robot�
213
00:11:57,400 --> 00:12:00,560
jako v podstat� lid� v leskl�ch
plechov�ch oblec�ch,
214
00:12:00,560 --> 00:12:03,560
v�dci v�dy v�d�li, �e ve skute�nosti,
215
00:12:03,560 --> 00:12:05,800
by roboti vypadali mnohem funk�n�ji.
216
00:12:05,800 --> 00:12:08,200
A prvn� film, kter� to opravdu obsahoval
217
00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:12,120
byla ekologick� pov�st ze
za��tku 70. let Silent Running.
218
00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:14,640
Je to p��b�h o tom, jak v budoucnu,
219
00:12:14,640 --> 00:12:18,120
posledn� stromy a rostliny ze
Zem� jsou odesl�ny do vesm�ru
220
00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:22,080
flotile na ob�n� dr�ze,
projekt Eden na lod�ch,
221
00:12:22,080 --> 00:12:25,760
o�et�uj�c� je t�my robot� zahr�dk���.
222
00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:29,600
I kdy� se Silent Running stal slavn�m
223
00:12:29,600 --> 00:12:31,720
pro svou ekologickou politiku,
224
00:12:31,720 --> 00:12:35,520
skute�n� motiv re�is�ra
Douglase Trumbulla k nato�en� filmu
225
00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:39,720
bylo uk�zat, d�v�ryhodn�,
nehumanoidn� roboty na obrazovce.
226
00:12:39,720 --> 00:12:43,440
Silent Running p��b�h za�al s my�lenkou,
227
00:12:43,440 --> 00:12:45,600
"Co byste d�lali, kdybyste
m�li n�jak� roboty?"
228
00:12:45,600 --> 00:12:49,120
Vid�l jsem film Toda Browinga Zr�dy,
229
00:12:49,120 --> 00:12:51,840
a tam m�l ��asn� v�kon
chl�pek jm�nem Johnny Eck,
230
00:12:51,840 --> 00:12:54,600
kter� prost� nem�l nic dol� od pasu.
231
00:12:54,600 --> 00:12:56,400
Nem�l nohy, ��dnou p�nev, nic.
232
00:12:56,400 --> 00:12:58,000
A chodil po rukou.
233
00:12:58,000 --> 00:12:59,800
A pomyslel jsem si,
"Kdy� byste vzali n�koho
234
00:12:59,800 --> 00:13:03,320
kdo m� schopnost chodit
po sv�ch rukou tak obratn�,
235
00:13:03,320 --> 00:13:05,920
a d�te ho do robot�ho obleku
236
00:13:05,920 --> 00:13:08,800
nebylo by to antropomorfn�,
ani jako robot Robby -
237
00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:11,200
to by nem�lo ��dnou hlavu,
��dn� ramena, nic -
238
00:13:11,200 --> 00:13:13,560
a jen by to chodilo na t�ch kon�etin�ch
239
00:13:13,560 --> 00:13:15,680
to by byl opravdu super robot pro film."
240
00:13:17,240 --> 00:13:20,560
Tak�e, Trumbull zam�stnal
t�i herce po amputaci
241
00:13:20,560 --> 00:13:24,760
zobrazuj�c� jeho roboty, Huey, Dewey a Louie.
242
00:13:26,560 --> 00:13:28,040
Te�
243
00:13:28,040 --> 00:13:30,120
To je kompost.
244
00:13:30,120 --> 00:13:32,040
To je to, co nut� strom r�st.
245
00:13:35,680 --> 00:13:36,840
Te�
246
00:13:38,680 --> 00:13:41,320
A te�, Huey, zasad� strom
247
00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:44,040
a Dewey, ty bude� kopat d�ru.
248
00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:46,400
V tom jsou opravdu lid�
249
00:13:46,400 --> 00:13:49,400
�a tak maj� p�irozen� chov�n�,
250
00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:53,080
a reaguj� je to velmi jemn�,
ale ur�it� se tam n�co d�je.
251
00:13:56,240 --> 00:14:00,680
Trumbullovi roboti se uk�zali
ne�ekan� vlivn�mi.
252
00:14:01,680 --> 00:14:03,760
George Lucas p�i�el ke
mn� po Silent Running
253
00:14:03,760 --> 00:14:05,960
a zeptal se m�, jestli nechci
d�lat efekty pro Hv�zdn� v�lky.
254
00:14:05,960 --> 00:14:08,680
A �ekl, �e chce d�lat, v�te, roboty,
255
00:14:08,680 --> 00:14:10,360
n�co jako to, co jsem ud�lal.
256
00:14:10,360 --> 00:14:13,280
A j� jsem �ekl: "V�born�. M��u pomoct?"
"D�m v�m jm�na sv�ch lid�."
257
00:14:14,520 --> 00:14:18,160
Co se stalo potom se
zapsal do historie sci-fi
258
00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:20,120
jak Huey, Dewey a Louie
259
00:14:20,120 --> 00:14:24,640
inspirovali polovinu jedn� z
kinematografick�ch nejv�t��ch dvojic.
260
00:14:26,280 --> 00:14:28,680
Mus�m si odpo�inout, ne� se rozpadnu.
261
00:14:28,680 --> 00:14:30,320
M� klouby jsou t�m�� zamrzl�.
262
00:14:31,800 --> 00:14:35,560
Co d�lalo R2-D2 a C-3PO mimo��dn�
263
00:14:35,560 --> 00:14:40,240
byla jejich interakce ne s lidmi,
ale mezi sebou navz�jem.
264
00:14:42,040 --> 00:14:45,880
Mysl�m si, �e div�ci byli
p�ekvapeni vztahem
265
00:14:45,880 --> 00:14:47,960
mezi R2-D2 a C-3PO
266
00:14:47,960 --> 00:14:52,160
proto�e jste to ne�ekali
od mikrovlnn� trouby, pra�ky,
267
00:14:52,160 --> 00:14:53,880
nev�m, lednice.
268
00:14:53,880 --> 00:14:56,120
A oni zd�nliv� mluv� k sob�.
269
00:14:57,760 --> 00:14:59,600
A mysl�m si, �e to dovoluje
270
00:14:59,600 --> 00:15:02,600
div�k�m rozpoznat n�co
271
00:15:02,600 --> 00:15:05,080
co je ne�elezn�,
272
00:15:05,080 --> 00:15:08,040
n�jak� skute�n� lidsk� prvek.
273
00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:15,960
Oba R2-D2 a C-3PO dlu��
sv�m filmov�m p�edch�dc�m.
274
00:15:18,320 --> 00:15:22,160
Jedna z v�c�, kter� si pamatuji
byla robotick� d�lna, jestli chcete,
275
00:15:22,160 --> 00:15:25,400
kde byly v�echny tyto trosky pro jednotky R2-D2.
276
00:15:25,400 --> 00:15:30,320
A na st�n�ch byly skici, kresby
a technick� v�kresy,
277
00:15:30,320 --> 00:15:33,840
kter� jsem poznal z jin�ho
filmu, Silent Running -
278
00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:35,360
Huey, Dewey a Louie.
279
00:15:35,360 --> 00:15:38,000
R2-D2 tak� zd�dil my�lenku,
280
00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:42,200
�e herec uvnit� obleku mu
m� d�t n�jak� charakter.
281
00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:44,800
Dali m� dovnit�, pak nasadili hlavu,
282
00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:48,520
pak jsem zapnul motor zevnit�,
kter� byl poh�n�n bateri�.
283
00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:51,400
A tam v�echny ty v�ci kolovali -
284
00:15:51,400 --> 00:15:53,720
krou�ili a sv�tla blikala.
285
00:15:55,040 --> 00:15:58,280
A oni jen �ekli:
"Pod�vejte se vlevo, pod�vejte se vpravo."
286
00:15:58,280 --> 00:16:01,440
"Te� se pod�vejte na�tvan�."
A jak vypad�te na�tvan�?
287
00:16:01,440 --> 00:16:03,000
Jak vypad�te ��astn�?
288
00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:08,200
A nakonec jsem se za�al lehce pohybovat.
289
00:16:08,200 --> 00:16:10,360
Houpal jsem se ze strany na stranu.
290
00:16:13,320 --> 00:16:15,600
Str��ku Owene?
Jo?
291
00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:18,320
Tato jednotka R2 m� �patnou
stimula�n� jednotku. Pod�vej.
292
00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:20,720
Hej, co zkou��te, o�idit n�s?
293
00:16:22,880 --> 00:16:26,960
Promi�te, pane, ale tato R2
jednotka je ve v�born�m stavu.
294
00:16:26,960 --> 00:16:28,320
Skute�n� dobr� obchod.
295
00:16:28,320 --> 00:16:30,120
Pro vzhled C-3PO,
296
00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:34,080
vzal George Lucas pojet�
n�vrh��e Ralpha McQuarriera,
297
00:16:34,080 --> 00:16:38,240
pono�en je�t� d�l do historie sci-fi.
298
00:16:38,240 --> 00:16:40,160
Bylo mi docela jasn�,
299
00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:44,480
�e Threepio v Ralph McQuarriov�m pojet�,
300
00:16:44,480 --> 00:16:45,960
byl zalo�en do zna�n� m�ry -
301
00:16:45,960 --> 00:16:48,720
a samoz�ejm� George Lucas
ho o to po��dal -
302
00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:51,200
na Marii z Metropolis z filmu Fritze Langa.
303
00:16:51,200 --> 00:16:53,400
A co z toho vy�lo
304
00:16:53,400 --> 00:16:55,880
je klasick� konstrukce.
305
00:17:03,560 --> 00:17:05,600
Uv�domil jsem si, velmi brzy,
306
00:17:05,600 --> 00:17:11,000
�e to je ten typ� typ gej�i jak se pohybuje
307
00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:13,760
bylo to opravdu velmi atraktivn�,
308
00:17:13,760 --> 00:17:16,240
zat�mco se �ine, ch�ze vypad� nebezpe�n�.
309
00:17:17,160 --> 00:17:19,720
A Threepio o�i jsou tak� docela fascinuj�c�
310
00:17:19,720 --> 00:17:24,160
proto�e m� ten typ trval�ho �divu.
311
00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:28,240
A v�dy se staral, a� p��li� moc.
312
00:17:28,240 --> 00:17:31,400
A pro stroj na p��i, to
byl takov� podivn� n�pad.
313
00:17:31,400 --> 00:17:33,240
Jste tady cel� zoxidovan�.
314
00:17:33,240 --> 00:17:35,640
Vypad� to, �e kluci vid�li hodn� akce.
315
00:17:35,640 --> 00:17:37,160
V��m jsme pro�li,
316
00:17:37,160 --> 00:17:40,720
n�kdy jsem ohromen, �e jsme
v tak dobr� kondici s povst�n�m a t�m v��m.
317
00:17:40,720 --> 00:17:42,720
V�te o povst�n� proti Imp�riu?!
318
00:17:42,720 --> 00:17:45,320
To je to, jak jsme se dostali do
va�� slu�by, pokud v�m, pane.
319
00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:50,960
Na kr�tkou chv�li na sc�n�,
320
00:17:50,960 --> 00:17:52,960
jsem byl tato nov�,
fantastick� hv�zda ve skupin�.
321
00:17:52,960 --> 00:17:55,320
Bylo to� nikdo nevid�l tento typ �lov�ka p�edt�m.
322
00:17:55,320 --> 00:17:58,040
A b�hem n�kolika dn�, se to zcela zm�nilo.
323
00:17:58,040 --> 00:18:01,000
Proto�e kdy� jsem vlastn� nehr�l,
324
00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:03,600
cht�l jsem je�t� z�stat, abych
nad�le �et�il svou energii�
325
00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:07,520
Tak�e jsem st�l jako model
ve v�loze - manek�n.
326
00:18:07,520 --> 00:18:11,760
A stal jsem se jasn� velmi,
velmi rychle odlid�t�n�m -
327
00:18:11,760 --> 00:18:16,200
�e lid� reflektovali na m�j v�kon.
328
00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:20,000
Pokud jsem hr�l a oni zapomn�li,
�e jsem �iv�, �ekn�me?
329
00:18:20,000 --> 00:18:23,800
A tento pocit se mi vr�til
o mnoho let pozd�ji,
330
00:18:23,800 --> 00:18:27,520
kdy� jsem �ekl skupin� robotiku v Americe,
331
00:18:27,520 --> 00:18:29,400
"V�ichni jste velmi chyt��,
332
00:18:29,400 --> 00:18:33,080
ale nikdo v tomto s�le nev�,
jak� je to vlastn� pocit
333
00:18:33,080 --> 00:18:35,200
b�t stroj."
334
00:18:35,200 --> 00:18:37,240
A j� jsem m�l tu zku�enost.
335
00:18:38,280 --> 00:18:39,920
Po roce 1980,
336
00:18:39,920 --> 00:18:42,360
se droidi z Hv�zdn�ch v�lek na v�em
337
00:18:42,360 --> 00:18:44,880
od st�n�tek po sva�inov� krabi�ky
338
00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:48,200
st�vaj� z�eteln� atraktivn�.
339
00:18:48,200 --> 00:18:49,840
Ale v roce 1984,
340
00:18:49,840 --> 00:18:53,200
ve chv�li, kdy jsme se st�vali
trochu jemn�j�� k robot�m,
341
00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:55,840
nejd�siv�j�� um�l� stvo�en�
342
00:18:55,840 --> 00:18:58,160
od Frankensteinova monstra
343
00:18:58,160 --> 00:19:02,120
pam�tn� vstoupilo do ulic v Los Angeles.
344
00:19:03,360 --> 00:19:06,840
Termin�tor, re�is�re Jamese Camerona,
345
00:19:06,840 --> 00:19:09,600
uv�d� nezastaviteln�ho zabij�ka.
346
00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:11,800
Stejn� jako Maria v Metropolisu,
347
00:19:11,800 --> 00:19:14,440
je to robot s lidskou tv��� -
348
00:19:14,440 --> 00:19:18,720
jeho organick� t�lo skr�v�
d�sivou vnit�n� kostru.
349
00:19:19,840 --> 00:19:24,360
To byl zpo��tku hore�nat�
sen, kter� Jim m�l.
350
00:19:24,360 --> 00:19:28,280
M�l doslova hlavn� p�edstavu
351
00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:30,640
jak Termin�torov� vnit�n� kostra
352
00:19:30,640 --> 00:19:32,480
vznik� z plamen�.
353
00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:34,800
Automobilov� sr�ka a exploze
354
00:19:34,800 --> 00:19:38,520
a vyno�� se tato leskl�, kovov� kostra
355
00:19:38,520 --> 00:19:40,960
a je to, jako: "Do prdele."
356
00:19:52,200 --> 00:19:55,040
Kdy� jsme zpo��tku za�ali odl�v�n�,
357
00:19:55,040 --> 00:19:59,840
m�li jsme v pl�nu m�t kopii Lance
Henriksena hraj�c� ho roli Termin�tora
358
00:19:59,840 --> 00:20:01,960
proto�e p�vodn� pojet� Termin�tora
359
00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:03,560
bylo to, �e by splynul.
360
00:20:03,560 --> 00:20:06,800
Nevynikal by. Vypadal by jako vy nebo j�.
361
00:20:06,800 --> 00:20:10,880
A samoz�ejm�, Arnold se tomu vymyk�.
362
00:20:11,840 --> 00:20:15,400
Cel� ta v�c byla Arnold
Schwarzenegger je Termin�tor -
363
00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:21,920
nejdrsn�j�� Termin�tor v historii kyborg�.
364
00:20:23,480 --> 00:20:26,800
A velkou slu�bu ud�lal Jim Arnoldovi,
365
00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:29,080
�e Arnolda objal a �ekl
366
00:20:29,080 --> 00:20:32,280
"P�em��lej o sob� jako �ralok."
367
00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:35,800
"M� skute�n� jedinou misi,
m� jedin� zam��en�."
368
00:20:35,800 --> 00:20:38,560
"Jsi tu, abys zabil Sarah Connorovou."
369
00:20:44,960 --> 00:20:47,720
Opravdu jsme m�li z�jem vypr�v�t p��b�h
370
00:20:47,720 --> 00:20:50,840
o nebezpe�� techniky -
371
00:20:50,840 --> 00:20:55,600
�e technologie, kterou jsme
vynalezli v t� dob�,
372
00:20:55,600 --> 00:20:57,320
to bylo v 80. letech,
373
00:20:57,320 --> 00:20:59,360
povede k tomu,
374
00:20:59,360 --> 00:21:01,520
�e stroje p�evezmou moc.
375
00:21:01,520 --> 00:21:03,920
V p��pad� jadern�ho �toku�
376
00:21:03,920 --> 00:21:06,920
To byla doba strategick� obrann� iniciativy -
377
00:21:06,920 --> 00:21:11,240
pl�n na po��ta�em ��zen� �t�t
satelit� vybaven�ch lasery,
378
00:21:11,240 --> 00:21:14,640
p�ezd�van�, ironicky, Hv�zdn� v�lky.
379
00:21:14,640 --> 00:21:17,440
Pokra�ujeme odv�n� s t�mito
nov�mi technologiemi,
380
00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:19,920
m��eme zna�n� sn�it pohnutky
381
00:21:19,920 --> 00:21:21,760
kter� Sov�tsk� svaz, m��e m�t
382
00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:25,120
hroz�c�m �tokem proti
Spojen�m st�t�m a jejich spojenc�m.
383
00:21:29,160 --> 00:21:31,560
Vize budoucnosti v Termin�torovi
384
00:21:31,560 --> 00:21:35,720
je ta, �e lidsk� arogance
385
00:21:35,720 --> 00:21:39,560
vedla k z�niku civilizace,
386
00:21:39,560 --> 00:21:42,880
vedla k decimaci lidsk� populace,
387
00:21:42,880 --> 00:21:46,400
proto�e jsme dali v�echnu
na�� d�v�ra do technologi�.
388
00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:54,280
V Termin�torovi, je Arnie
pouze vra�edn� n�stroj
389
00:21:54,280 --> 00:21:56,640
skute�n�ho nep��tele, Skynetu,
390
00:21:56,640 --> 00:21:59,800
��asn� d�mysln� po��ta�ov� syst�m -
391
00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:05,080
um�l� inteligence, kter� se obr�tila
proti sv�m lidsk�m tv�rc�m.
392
00:22:05,080 --> 00:22:08,480
Spisovatel� jsou ji� dlouho
fascinov�ni my�lenkou
393
00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:12,640
�e opravdu nebezpe�n� stroje
nejsou nutn� siln�j�� ne� my.
394
00:22:12,640 --> 00:22:14,640
Jsou prost� chyt�ej��.
395
00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:17,800
A tato my�lenka dostala opravdu
sp�d na po��tku 60. let
396
00:22:17,800 --> 00:22:21,800
kdy po��ta�e poprv� vstoupili
do ve�ejn�ho pov�dom�.
397
00:22:21,800 --> 00:22:23,440
Samoz�ejm�, �e tehdy,
398
00:22:23,440 --> 00:22:25,680
jste mohli naplnit celou
tuto m�stnost po��ta�i
399
00:22:25,680 --> 00:22:28,480
a m�li byste jen zlomek schopnost�
400
00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:30,840
dne�n�ch mobiln�ch telefon�.
401
00:22:30,840 --> 00:22:34,440
Ale jak spisovatel
Arthur C. Clarke tvrdil v t� dob�,
402
00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:36,640
po��ta�e se m��ou zd�t daleko od
403
00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:39,160
odpov�daj�c� s�ly lidsk�ho mozku,
404
00:22:39,160 --> 00:22:42,840
ale je to jen ot�zka �asu.
405
00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:46,000
Mnoho se toho velmi
rychle stalo s po��ta�i
406
00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:49,120
a lid� maj� p�ehnan� p�edstavy
o jejich schopnostech.
407
00:22:49,120 --> 00:22:53,360
Ale faktem je, �e v�echny sou�asn�
po��ta�e jsou mechani�t� pitomci.
408
00:22:53,360 --> 00:22:55,160
Nem��ou opravdu myslet.
409
00:22:55,160 --> 00:22:58,440
Mohou d�lat jen v�ci,
kter� jste naprogramovali.
410
00:22:58,440 --> 00:23:00,360
Ale to nebude pravda nav�dy.
411
00:23:02,600 --> 00:23:05,320
Ve 2001 - Vesm�rn� Odysee,
412
00:23:05,320 --> 00:23:08,200
Clarke a re�is�r Stanley Kubrick,
413
00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:11,160
tla�ili po��ta�e k dal��mu kroku -
414
00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:15,040
ptali se, co by se mohlo st�t
v p��pad�, �e inteligentn� stroj
415
00:23:15,040 --> 00:23:18,440
n�sleduje sv�j program a� do krajnosti,
416
00:23:18,440 --> 00:23:21,320
bez ohledu na lidskou cenu.
417
00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:25,440
Po��ta� ve filmu ovl�d�
pilotovanou misi k Jupiteru,
418
00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:28,160
a jeho jm�no je HAL.
419
00:23:28,160 --> 00:23:30,160
Za prv� ve 2001 je HAL mezi
420
00:23:30,160 --> 00:23:32,600
nejsympati�t�j�� postavami.
421
00:23:32,600 --> 00:23:38,040
Ale on zaji��uje, aby byla mise �sp�n�,
422
00:23:38,040 --> 00:23:43,280
tito astronauti nejsou
schopni dokon�it misi,
423
00:23:43,280 --> 00:23:45,840
a uzav�r�, logicky,
424
00:23:45,840 --> 00:23:47,720
a ne nespr�vn�,
425
00:23:47,720 --> 00:23:50,520
�e to m��e ud�lat l�pe.
426
00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:53,720
Tak, a proto, je za�ne zab�jet.
427
00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:58,000
Bylo to konflikt, kter� zp�sobil HAL
428
00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:01,040
trochu� ze��lel, v�te?
429
00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:04,320
Tak�e to bylo vysv�tlen�
430
00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:08,360
pro jeho zbl�zn�n� se,
431
00:24:08,360 --> 00:24:10,400
sp�e ne�, �e by byl zl�.
432
00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:13,760
Opravdu trochu ��len� po��ta�.
433
00:24:13,760 --> 00:24:16,280
Mysl�m, �e jeden z nejd�siv�j��ch
moment� ve v�ech filmech
434
00:24:16,280 --> 00:24:19,240
je, kdy� je Keir Dullea v tomto modulu.
435
00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:22,920
Sna�� se z�skat t�lo Garyho Lockwooda,
436
00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:26,320
a pak ho p�iv�d� zp�t na ob�� mate�skou lo�.
437
00:24:26,320 --> 00:24:28,080
A ��k�
438
00:24:29,320 --> 00:24:31,280
Otev�i z�klopky dve��, HALE.
439
00:24:32,320 --> 00:24:33,880
Je mi to l�to, Dave.
440
00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:36,160
Ob�v�m se, �e to nem��u ud�lat.
441
00:24:38,120 --> 00:24:39,880
V �em je probl�m?
442
00:24:39,880 --> 00:24:43,480
Mysl�m si, �e v�te, co je probl�m
stejn� dob�e jako j�.
443
00:24:43,480 --> 00:24:45,720
O �em to mluv�, HALE?
444
00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:50,560
Tato mise je pro m� p��li�
d�le�it�, ne� abyste ji ohrozili.
445
00:24:50,560 --> 00:24:53,240
Mysl�m si, �e a� do 2001
446
00:24:53,240 --> 00:24:56,560
by typick� po��ta� zn�l jako�
447
00:24:57,800 --> 00:25:00,680
"Dave, tady je po��ta�."
448
00:25:00,680 --> 00:25:02,960
"To je zp�sob, jak�m po��ta� mluvil
449
00:25:02,960 --> 00:25:05,960
a to je zp�sob, jak�m byl zobrazen,
450
00:25:05,960 --> 00:25:07,720
a byl zobrazov�n,
451
00:25:07,720 --> 00:25:10,520
v mnoha� sci-fi� filmech."
452
00:25:10,520 --> 00:25:12,680
M�l hlas,
453
00:25:12,680 --> 00:25:16,560
kter� opravdu zn�l mnohem
lid�t�ji v mnoha ohledech,
454
00:25:16,560 --> 00:25:18,480
a mysl�m, �e to bylo �mysln�,
455
00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:20,040
kv�li herc�m.
456
00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:21,960
Byli jsme v�ce jako stroje.
457
00:25:21,960 --> 00:25:24,320
St�j, Dave.
458
00:25:24,320 --> 00:25:27,240
HAL vd��� za sv� tepl�, uklid�uj�c� t�ny
459
00:25:27,240 --> 00:25:29,960
kanadsk�mu herci Douglasi Rainovi.
460
00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:32,560
Je mi l�to, Dave.
461
00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:35,360
Je velmi d�le�it� d�vod, pro� je tato sc�na,
462
00:25:35,360 --> 00:25:37,840
ve kter� je Halova deska zapnut�
463
00:25:37,840 --> 00:25:41,640
Dave�
� jedna z nejp�esv�d�iv�j��ch v cel� sci-fi.
464
00:25:41,640 --> 00:25:44,160
Hal m� klidn�, racion�ln� hlas,
465
00:25:44,160 --> 00:25:46,880
i kdy� je ni�en, kousek po kousku�
466
00:25:46,880 --> 00:25:50,120
M� mysl odch�z�.
�je t�m�� nesnesiteln� dojemn�.
467
00:25:50,120 --> 00:25:52,200
C�t�m to.
468
00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:55,600
C�t�m to.
469
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:58,360
Chud�k HAL se mohl d�t trochu un�st,
470
00:25:58,360 --> 00:26:02,920
ale jeho my�lenkov� pochody
byly v�dy ne�prosn� logick�.
471
00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:06,720
Ve skute�nosti to, co v�t�ina spisovatel�
nach�zela fascinuj�c� na robotech
472
00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:09,920
byla jejich z�vislost na logice sp�e ne� emoce.
473
00:26:09,920 --> 00:26:12,360
Ale rok po zve�ejn�n� 2001,
474
00:26:12,360 --> 00:26:14,520
britsk� spisovatel Brian Aldiss
475
00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:17,400
zve�ejnil pozoruhodn� dojemnou pov�dku
476
00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:20,720
pod n�zvem,
Super hra�ky vydr�� cel� l�to.
477
00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:22,800
A to byl p��b�h o stroji
478
00:26:22,800 --> 00:26:26,160
naprogramovan� nejen myslet, ale c�tit
479
00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:29,240
a ne jen c�tit, ale milovat.
480
00:26:33,040 --> 00:26:36,320
Ot�zka zachycen� v p��b�hu
481
00:26:36,320 --> 00:26:41,280
je, zda n� mal� um�l� android chlapec
482
00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:43,320
bude m�t �sp�ch,
483
00:26:43,320 --> 00:26:47,320
kdy� si ho p�evezmou jeho rodi�e.
484
00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:52,440
Je naprogramov�n tak,
aby miloval svou matku.
485
00:26:53,680 --> 00:26:55,240
Pro� to nefunguje?
486
00:26:55,240 --> 00:26:59,440
Jeho matka nebyla naprogramov�na,
aby ho milovala.
487
00:27:01,880 --> 00:27:05,360
A to vlastn� bylo sou��st� m�ho p��b�hu.
488
00:27:05,360 --> 00:27:08,560
C�til jsem, �e i kdy� jsem
byl naprogramov�n,
489
00:27:08,560 --> 00:27:10,600
moje matka nebyla,
490
00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:16,560
a to je zp�sob, kter�m
si m��ete ulevit, mysl�m.
491
00:27:16,560 --> 00:27:19,320
Aldiss�v p��b�h se stal z�kladem
492
00:27:19,320 --> 00:27:20,840
pro film A. I. -
493
00:27:20,840 --> 00:27:22,640
Um�l� inteligence -
494
00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:25,200
rozv�jen� po cel� desetilet�
Stanley Kubrickem
495
00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:27,080
ale nakonec p�iveden na obrazovku
496
00:27:27,080 --> 00:27:30,080
Stevenem Spielbergem.
497
00:27:33,160 --> 00:27:35,200
Pro� nevypad�te stejn�?
498
00:27:35,200 --> 00:27:37,680
Stejn�?
499
00:27:37,680 --> 00:27:40,040
Nejsi roztomil� jako panenka.
500
00:27:41,040 --> 00:27:43,520
Vypad� jako n��� oby�ejn� d�t�.
501
00:27:45,640 --> 00:27:50,320
J�drem filmu je neskute�n�
v�kon Haleye Joela Osmenta
502
00:27:50,320 --> 00:27:53,240
jako robota d�t�, Davida.
503
00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:56,800
Existuj� roboti, kter� vid�te ve filmech
504
00:27:56,800 --> 00:27:58,920
kte�� jsou, v�te, nemilosrdn� zabij�ci
505
00:27:58,920 --> 00:28:01,840
nebo jako HAL - analytick� chladn�.
506
00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:05,520
A Davidova hlavn� funkce je milovat.
507
00:28:05,520 --> 00:28:08,440
A pokud se stane �lov�kem,
jeho matka ho bude milovat,
508
00:28:08,440 --> 00:28:11,200
a jeho c�l ��slo jedna je,
aby ho jeho matka milovala.
509
00:28:11,200 --> 00:28:13,520
Tak, to je to, co mus� ud�lat.
510
00:28:13,520 --> 00:28:15,720
A stane se v�c �lov�kem tak, �e�
511
00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:18,120
Nen� to tak, �e se pr�v�
on st�v� v�ce a v�ce a v�ce
512
00:28:18,120 --> 00:28:19,920
miluj�c�, emocion�ln� charakter.
513
00:28:19,920 --> 00:28:21,560
Otupuje se sv�m zp�sobem taky,
514
00:28:21,560 --> 00:28:25,840
u�� se o zklam�n�, opu�t�nosti a n�sil�.
515
00:28:25,840 --> 00:28:27,360
V t�to sc�n�,
516
00:28:27,360 --> 00:28:31,280
ve kter�m se David dohaduje s Judem
Lawem cynick�m robotem gigolem,
517
00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:35,160
Spielberg zachycuje emocion�ln�
zmatek mal�ho chlapce -
518
00:28:35,160 --> 00:28:39,840
kombinac� hn�vu, pop�r�n� a d�tsk� touhy.
519
00:28:39,840 --> 00:28:41,040
J� jsem skute�n�.
520
00:28:41,040 --> 00:28:43,120
Maminka mi bude ��st a
zachuml� m� do m� postele
521
00:28:43,120 --> 00:28:45,360
a bude zp�vat se mnou
a poslouchat co ��k�m,
522
00:28:45,360 --> 00:28:48,600
a bude se mazlit se mnou a ka�d�
den mi �ekne, 100 kr�t za den
523
00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:50,080
�e m� miluje!
524
00:28:50,080 --> 00:28:52,800
Roboti byli v�dy, mysl�m,
525
00:28:52,800 --> 00:28:55,720
vn�m�ni jako potenci�ln� spole�n�ci a pomocn�ci.
526
00:28:55,720 --> 00:28:58,040
Ale takov� n�jak� jako nevinnost
527
00:28:58,040 --> 00:29:01,280
jako d�t�, v�te, �div
528
00:29:01,280 --> 00:29:02,880
kter� tato postava vzbuzuje,
529
00:29:02,880 --> 00:29:06,240
mysl�m, �e to byl jak�si nov�
kousek �zem�, kter� jsme odkryli.
530
00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:09,480
Mohla by to b�t jen replikace lidsk�ch cit�
531
00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:12,160
ale j�drem filmu, je,
�e jakmile postav�te tuto v�c,
532
00:29:12,160 --> 00:29:15,600
jakmile vytvo��te toto v�dom�,
m�te v��i tomu odpov�dnost.
533
00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:25,320
Ot�zka odpov�dnosti tv�rce k jeho v�tvoru
534
00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:28,920
n�s zavede zp�tky k Frankensteinovi
Mary Shelleyov�.
535
00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:33,320
Jednou z nejp�sobiv�j��ch pas�� knihy
536
00:29:33,320 --> 00:29:37,480
je, kdy� se Victor Frankenstein
postav� tv��i v tv�� sv�mu monstru
537
00:29:37,480 --> 00:29:39,680
vysoko na Alpsk�m ledovci.
538
00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:42,680
Netvor u� uk�zal
539
00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:45,120
schopnost stra�n�ho n�sil�.
540
00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:50,080
Ale tady, je jeho t�n prosebn�, dokonce zoufal�.
541
00:29:50,080 --> 00:29:55,440
"Frankensteine, pamatuj, jsem tv�j v�tvor."
542
00:29:55,440 --> 00:30:00,040
"M�l jsem b�t tv�j Adam,
ale jsem sp� padl� and�l,
543
00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:03,400
koho ��d� s pot�en�m bez p�estupk�."
544
00:30:03,400 --> 00:30:10,080
"V�ude vid�m bla�enost, ze kter�
jsem s�m nen�vratn� vylou�en."
545
00:30:10,080 --> 00:30:14,560
"Byl jsem shov�vav� a dobr�."
"Utrpen� ze m� ud�lalo ��bla."
546
00:30:14,560 --> 00:30:19,480
"Ud�lej m� ��astn�m a budu op�t ctnostn�."
547
00:30:19,480 --> 00:30:23,400
To je, mysl�m, hlas Adama v Bo�� p��tomnosti.
548
00:30:23,400 --> 00:30:27,080
Je to hlas �lov�ka vyhnan�ho z r�je,
549
00:30:27,080 --> 00:30:29,800
tv��� v tv�� sv�mu tv�rci.
550
00:30:29,800 --> 00:30:34,520
A 150 let pozd�ji, se tato ozv�na
�zkosti zopakovala je�t� jednou
551
00:30:34,520 --> 00:30:39,760
v jednom z kinematograficky
nejzn�m�j��ch p��b�h� o stvo�en� a tv�rci.
552
00:30:44,720 --> 00:30:48,440
Film Blade Runner, vytvo�en� v roce 1982,
553
00:30:48,440 --> 00:30:50,120
byl upraven podle rom�nu,
554
00:30:50,120 --> 00:30:54,480
Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep?
od Philipa K. Dicka.
555
00:30:56,480 --> 00:30:59,400
Problematika lid� a stroj�
556
00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:01,600
je zp�sob jak se pt�t, co je �lov�k.
557
00:31:01,600 --> 00:31:03,720
A samoz�ejm�, to je to o �em, mysl�m,
558
00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:06,080
Philip K. Dick mluvil.
559
00:31:06,080 --> 00:31:08,280
Mluvil o tom "Co d�l� �lov�ka �lov�kem?"
560
00:31:08,280 --> 00:31:11,800
"Pokud byste mohli n�koho vytvo�it
561
00:31:11,800 --> 00:31:13,720
a d�t mu p�r vzpom�nek,
562
00:31:13,720 --> 00:31:15,560
pro� by to m�l b�t �lov�k?"
563
00:31:15,560 --> 00:31:19,360
"Co je to?"
"Co je to, co n�s d�l� tak zvl�tn�?"
564
00:31:20,320 --> 00:31:22,440
Blade Runner zkoum� tuto ot�zku
565
00:31:22,440 --> 00:31:27,640
prost�ednictv�m p��b�hu skupiny neposlu�n�ch
android�, zn�m�ch jako replikanti.
566
00:31:27,640 --> 00:31:30,600
T�m�� zcela k nerozezn�n� od lid�,
567
00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:34,040
jsou omezeni na �ty�i roky �ivota.
568
00:31:34,040 --> 00:31:37,840
V kl��ov� sc�n�, jejich v�dce, Roy Batty,
569
00:31:37,840 --> 00:31:41,280
jde, doslova, na setk�n� s tv�rcem
570
00:31:41,280 --> 00:31:43,640
vyn�lezcem replikant�.
571
00:31:43,640 --> 00:31:46,560
P��hodn�, re�is�r Ridley Scott,
572
00:31:46,560 --> 00:31:49,400
d�v� setk�n� n�bo�enskou atmosf�ru.
573
00:31:50,520 --> 00:31:52,920
Osv�tlen� p�ipom�n� kostel,
574
00:31:52,920 --> 00:31:56,200
a dialog v�dom� odr�� P�smo.
575
00:31:56,200 --> 00:31:58,960
Vy jste byli vytvo�eni stejn�,
jako jsme mohli b�t vytvo�eni my.
576
00:31:58,960 --> 00:32:00,720
Ale ne natrvalo.
577
00:32:00,720 --> 00:32:04,440
Sv�tlo, kter� ho�� dvakr�t jasn�ji
ho�� jen polovi�n� dobu,
578
00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:08,800
a vy jste ho�eli tak velmi, velmi jasn�, Roy.
579
00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:10,480
Pod�vej se na sebe.
580
00:32:10,480 --> 00:32:12,800
Jsi marnotratn� syn.
581
00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:17,440
Setk�n� kon�� Battyho vra�dou sv�ho tv�rce,
582
00:32:17,440 --> 00:32:21,520
ale ��dn�m �e�en�m
bl��c�ho se z�niku replikant�.
583
00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:26,320
Stejn� jako my, Batty mus�
�elit sv� vlastn� smrtelnosti,
584
00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:31,360
hled� do propasti ve slavn�m
projevu p�i vyvrcholen� filmu.
585
00:32:31,360 --> 00:32:35,080
��dky psan� samotn�m hercem,
Rutgerem Hauerem,
586
00:32:35,080 --> 00:32:38,320
se zapsaly do historie sci-fi.
587
00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:42,520
"Vid�l jsem v�ci, kter�m by lid�
588
00:32:42,520 --> 00:32:44,760
� nev��ili."
589
00:32:46,000 --> 00:32:49,640
"Zap�len� v�le�n� lod� na dr�ze Orionu."
590
00:32:51,520 --> 00:32:55,360
"Vid�l jsem paprsky C t�pyt�c� se
ve tm� u Tannh�userovi br�ny."
591
00:32:56,480 --> 00:32:58,680
Poetick� citlivost Roye Battyho
592
00:32:58,680 --> 00:33:01,840
je mysl�m, p�kn� mal�
pozdrav Mary Shelleyov�.
593
00:33:01,840 --> 00:33:03,960
V p�vodn�m Frankensteinovi,
594
00:33:03,960 --> 00:33:07,880
je monstrum velmi dojat�
poezi� Miltona a Goetheo,
595
00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:12,000
ve kter� nach�z� ozv�nu
sv� vlastn� tragick� izolace.
596
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:16,440
A v posledn�ch minut�ch Blade Runneru,
kdy� jeho �ivot vyprch�v�,
597
00:33:16,440 --> 00:33:21,960
se Roy Batty ukazuje jako
nejromanti�t�j�� z replikant�.
598
00:33:24,520 --> 00:33:27,800
Opravdu m�m r�d my�lenku,
�e Roy nem� tu�en�
599
00:33:27,800 --> 00:33:30,400
co je poezie, nebo o tom, co to znamen�.
600
00:33:30,400 --> 00:33:33,280
Ale je to v jeho programu a m� to r�d, v�te?
601
00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:37,280
Cht�l jsem se pokusit naj�t hlavn� my�lenku
602
00:33:37,280 --> 00:33:41,080
kde byste se mohli c�tit jako Roy�
603
00:33:41,080 --> 00:33:43,760
� v�te, smutek, abych tak �ekl.
604
00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:50,720
"V�echny ty chv�le se ztrat� v �ase�
605
00:33:51,960 --> 00:33:54,720
� jako slzy
606
00:33:54,720 --> 00:33:56,680
v de�ti."
607
00:33:58,120 --> 00:33:59,960
To je to m�sto�
608
00:34:01,640 --> 00:34:05,560
� odvahy a patosu, mysl�m.
609
00:34:05,560 --> 00:34:08,560
V�te, odvahu j�t d�l, kdy� nepokra�ujete,
610
00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:11,520
proto�e jste kurva mrtv�, a v�te, �e jste mrtv�.
611
00:34:11,520 --> 00:34:16,000
Ka�d� v�, �e oni jsou mrtv�, ale on je state�n�.
612
00:34:17,920 --> 00:34:19,600
"Je �as zem��t."
613
00:34:22,120 --> 00:34:24,600
To, co poh�n� p��b�h Blade Runnera
614
00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:27,320
je mo�n� nejprvotn�j��
ze v�ech lidsk�ch emoc� -
615
00:34:27,320 --> 00:34:29,640
n� strach ze smrti.
616
00:34:29,640 --> 00:34:33,960
Lid�, replikanti, v�ichni se boj� vlastn�ho z�niku.
617
00:34:35,120 --> 00:34:38,400
Ale co kdyby bylo umo�n�no,
aby replikanti �ili
618
00:34:38,400 --> 00:34:40,760
v�ce jak �ty�i roky?
619
00:34:40,760 --> 00:34:44,960
Co kdyby byli opravdu k nerozezn�n� od lid�?
620
00:34:46,160 --> 00:34:49,800
Jak bychom reagovali
na na�e androidn� bratry -
621
00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:52,960
s otev�enou n�ru��, nebo s v�k�iky hr�zy?
622
00:34:52,960 --> 00:34:55,560
To je t�ma d�kladn� prozkouman�
623
00:34:55,560 --> 00:34:57,320
v televizn�m seri�lu
624
00:34:57,320 --> 00:34:59,240
Battlestar Galactica.
625
00:35:00,280 --> 00:35:02,600
Galactica navazuje na tradici
626
00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:06,320
Frankensteina a dal��ch ��st�
lidstv�, v�te, ve vytv��en� �ivota,
627
00:35:06,320 --> 00:35:09,280
d�v�te �ivot, obr�t� se proti
v�m a pot� ho zkoum�te.
628
00:35:09,280 --> 00:35:12,240
A m�l jsem pocit,
�e pokud vytvo��me n�co,
629
00:35:12,240 --> 00:35:13,880
v ur�it�m bod�,
630
00:35:13,880 --> 00:35:17,080
co vypad� a chov� se, jako my -
631
00:35:17,080 --> 00:35:20,720
co m� v podstat� emoce
a v podstat� smysl pro humor
632
00:35:20,720 --> 00:35:23,520
a m��e mluvit a sn�t a v�e to ostatn�,
633
00:35:23,520 --> 00:35:25,480
v jak�m bod� m��eme za��t ��kat,
634
00:35:25,480 --> 00:35:27,160
"Dob�e, to je �lov�k?"
635
00:35:27,160 --> 00:35:29,560
Nebo v�dy n�jak zaujmeme pozici,
636
00:35:29,560 --> 00:35:31,200
�e je to imitace �lov�ka?
637
00:35:33,080 --> 00:35:36,720
V Battlestar Galactice, je situace slo�it�
638
00:35:36,720 --> 00:35:39,520
t�m, �e um�l� Cyloni
639
00:35:39,520 --> 00:35:44,240
se obr�tili proti sv�m lidsk�m
tv�rc�m ve zni�uj�c�m �toku.
640
00:35:45,240 --> 00:35:48,720
Te� Cyloni pronikli, mezi p�e�iv��,
641
00:35:48,720 --> 00:35:54,000
tvo��c� citov� vazby tak siln�
jako jak�koli lidsk� vazby.
642
00:35:55,000 --> 00:35:58,120
Byla Cylon - stroj.
643
00:36:00,360 --> 00:36:02,680
Je to to, co Boomer byla?
Stroj?
644
00:36:06,040 --> 00:36:07,240
V�c?
645
00:36:07,240 --> 00:36:09,520
To je to, co se uk�zalo, �e je.
646
00:36:09,520 --> 00:36:13,840
Byla v�c, ne� to pro n�s.
Byla v�c, ne� to pro m�.
647
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:17,960
Byla vit�ln�, �iv� �lov�k.
648
00:36:19,480 --> 00:36:22,720
Je to skv�l� paranoidn�
dramatick� my�lenka -
649
00:36:22,720 --> 00:36:26,240
myslet si, �e n�kdo koho zn�te,
komu v���te, m�te r�di,
650
00:36:26,240 --> 00:36:28,640
ve skute�nosti m��e b�t nep��telsk� stroj.
651
00:36:28,640 --> 00:36:32,280
Ale Battlestar Galactica
to posunula je�t� d�l,
652
00:36:32,280 --> 00:36:34,640
proto�e n�kte�� sp�c� agenti Cylon�
653
00:36:34,640 --> 00:36:37,560
sami nev�d�, �e jsou Cyloni.
654
00:36:37,560 --> 00:36:41,160
Nejen vypadaj� a mysl�, ale i se c�t� jako lid�.
655
00:36:41,160 --> 00:36:43,360
Jsou p�esv�d�eni, �e jsou lid�.
656
00:36:43,360 --> 00:36:47,800
A v ur�it�m bod�, jim n�kdo ��k�, �e nejsou?
657
00:36:50,520 --> 00:36:52,320
Jestli chcete p�ekvapen�,
658
00:36:52,320 --> 00:36:54,840
auto�i ne�ekli ani samotn�m herc�m,
659
00:36:54,840 --> 00:36:58,480
kter� postavy jsou Cyloni a kter� ne.
660
00:36:58,480 --> 00:37:02,000
Nikdo nev�d�l, kdo je Cylon.
Cht�li jsme to zjistit, p�i �ten�.
661
00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:04,760
Tak, jste prost� �etli ��dek a na�li to,
"Oh, m�j bo�e."
662
00:37:04,760 --> 00:37:06,720
Bylo to� Bylo to jako�
663
00:37:06,720 --> 00:37:09,360
Na lidi, kte�� sledovali vystoupen�
to m�lo stejn� dopad
664
00:37:09,360 --> 00:37:11,200
jako na ty, kte�� to �etli p�i uk�zce
665
00:37:11,200 --> 00:37:14,160
proto�e to pro��vali ve stejn�m okam�iku.
666
00:37:14,160 --> 00:37:17,360
A najednou, se lid� identifikovali
667
00:37:17,360 --> 00:37:19,840
s t�m co Cyloni ��kali,
668
00:37:19,840 --> 00:37:21,400
a za�ali ��kat,
669
00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:24,080
"No, jsou jako my, c�t� jako lidsk� bytosti."
670
00:37:25,160 --> 00:37:29,000
Bylo opravdu zaj�mav�, jak se lid� obraceli.
671
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:32,680
Myslel jsem, �e to bylo velmi
d�le�it�, neuk�zat jim to,
672
00:37:32,680 --> 00:37:35,840
zvl�tn� pohled na to, co nejsou
jednoduch� odpov�di.
673
00:37:35,840 --> 00:37:38,640
Proto�e jsem si nemyslel, �e existovali
jednoduch� odpov�di na tyto v�ci.
674
00:37:38,640 --> 00:37:42,000
A cht�l jsem kl�st ot�zky a
aby div�ci o tom p�em��leli.
675
00:37:45,320 --> 00:37:48,160
Stejn� jako A. I. a Blade Runner p�ed n�,
676
00:37:48,160 --> 00:37:51,640
Battlestar Galactica zkoumala d�sledky
677
00:37:51,640 --> 00:37:56,080
o sv�t�, v n�m� stroje nemuseli
nutn� p�edhonit lidi,
678
00:37:56,080 --> 00:37:59,720
ale m�sto toho se stali sami lidmi.
679
00:38:01,400 --> 00:38:03,760
Ale sci-fi je ji� dlouho posedl�
680
00:38:03,760 --> 00:38:05,880
obdobnou ot�zkou -
681
00:38:05,880 --> 00:38:09,880
co kdy� se lid� stanou v�ce strojmi?
682
00:38:09,880 --> 00:38:13,200
A op�r� tento n�pad o kontroverzn� rom�n
683
00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:18,040
publikovan� v roce 1962
Anthony Burgessem -
684
00:38:18,040 --> 00:38:20,200
Mechanick� pomeran�.
685
00:38:22,320 --> 00:38:26,320
Burgess nab�dl r�zn�
vysv�tlen� pro n�zev sv� knihy.
686
00:38:26,320 --> 00:38:28,960
Jedn�m z nich bylo, �e poch�z� ze
star� fr�ze z lond�nsk�ho dialektu -
687
00:38:28,960 --> 00:38:31,200
"Divn� jako Mechanick� pomeran�."
688
00:38:31,200 --> 00:38:34,720
Ale nejzaj�mav�j�� je kdy� se vr�t�me
zp�tky do Burgessov�ch dn�
689
00:38:34,720 --> 00:38:37,240
jako u�itele v koloni�ln�m Malajsku,
690
00:38:37,240 --> 00:38:41,920
proto�e slovo pro �lov�ka je "orang."
691
00:38:41,920 --> 00:38:45,080
Tak�e, "Mechanick� �lov�k."
692
00:38:45,080 --> 00:38:49,400
P��b�h �lov�ka, kter� byl okraden
o svou svobodnou v�li
693
00:38:49,400 --> 00:38:51,600
a p�em�n�n na stroj.
694
00:38:55,480 --> 00:38:59,920
Mechanick� pomeran� je p��b�h
dosp�vaj�c�ho odpadl�ka Alexe,
695
00:38:59,920 --> 00:39:02,880
jeho� �kodolib� �iny zn�siln�n�
a extr�mn�ho n�sil�,
696
00:39:02,880 --> 00:39:06,080
jsou nezapomenuteln� zobrazeny
ve filmu Stanleyho Kubricka,
697
00:39:06,080 --> 00:39:10,000
vyvolaj� extr�mn� reakci ze strany st�tu.
698
00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:12,840
Smyslem knihy nebylo zobrazen� n�sil�,
699
00:39:12,840 --> 00:39:16,000
ale sp�e p�edpoklad mo�nosti,
700
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:19,280
�e se tak ob�v�me n�sil�
mezi ml�de�� v t�to zemi,
701
00:39:19,280 --> 00:39:22,160
jak� je v Americe a samoz�ejm�
ve v�t�in� zem� sv�ta,
702
00:39:22,160 --> 00:39:24,760
�e by se mohlo rozhodnout, �e s t�m
n�kdo ud�l� n�co dost radik�ln�ho.
703
00:39:24,760 --> 00:39:27,120
Nev�m, jestli by se to stalo v t�to zemi,
704
00:39:27,120 --> 00:39:29,440
ale sly�el jsem rozhovor v 60. letech
705
00:39:29,440 --> 00:39:31,760
o mo�nost z�sk�v�n� t�chto
mlad�ch krimin�ln�k�
706
00:39:31,760 --> 00:39:33,440
a ne je d�vat do v�zen�,
707
00:39:33,440 --> 00:39:36,400
proto�e v�znice pot�ebujeme
pro profesion�ln� zlo�ince,
708
00:39:36,400 --> 00:39:39,200
ale sp�e je d�vat na kurz formov�n� -
709
00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:41,560
m�nit je ve skute�nosti na mechanick� lidi.
710
00:39:41,560 --> 00:39:43,440
Ne u� v�ce organismy -
711
00:39:43,440 --> 00:39:45,960
pln� sladkost�, barev a sv�tla,
jako pomeran�e -
712
00:39:45,960 --> 00:39:47,360
ale stroje.
713
00:39:47,360 --> 00:39:50,480
Ve v�zen�, se Alex podrob�
714
00:39:50,480 --> 00:39:53,920
experiment�ln� terapi� odporu
715
00:39:53,920 --> 00:39:59,120
po kter� se mu d�l� fyzicky �patn�
p�i pouh�m pomy�len� na n�sil�.
716
00:39:59,120 --> 00:40:04,680
Ale proces, tak� zni�� jeho
jednu sv�tlou vlastnost -
717
00:40:04,680 --> 00:40:08,320
jeho v�e� pro klasickou hudbu.
718
00:40:10,560 --> 00:40:12,640
Genialita Burgessovi knihy -
719
00:40:12,640 --> 00:40:16,560
a opravdovost velmi kontroverzn�
filmov� verze Stanleyho Kubricka -
720
00:40:16,560 --> 00:40:20,760
je to, �e Alex je nepochybn�
velmi �patn� �lov�k.
721
00:40:20,760 --> 00:40:24,200
Tv��� v tv�� sv�m brut�ln�m
zlo�in�m, instinktivn� pl��eme,
722
00:40:24,200 --> 00:40:26,280
"N�co se mus� ud�lat."
723
00:40:26,280 --> 00:40:27,840
Ale co?
724
00:40:27,840 --> 00:40:29,920
"V jak�m okam�iku," pt� se Burgess,
725
00:40:29,920 --> 00:40:33,920
"m�me zbavit jedince
o jeho pr�vo volit sv� �iny -
726
00:40:33,920 --> 00:40:37,000
volit mezi dobrem a zlem?"
727
00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:40,120
B�l jsem se toho a to je d�vod,
pro� jsem napsal rom�n.
728
00:40:40,120 --> 00:40:42,840
B�l jsem se mo�nosti,
�e st�t je p��li� nachystan�
729
00:40:42,840 --> 00:40:44,480
za��t ovl�dat na�e mozky
730
00:40:44,480 --> 00:40:46,280
a p�em�nit n�s na dobr� mal� ob�any,
731
00:40:46,280 --> 00:40:48,440
bez pr�va volby.
732
00:40:48,440 --> 00:40:52,840
Pro Anthony Burgesse, byl
mechanick� �lov�k metafora.
733
00:40:52,840 --> 00:40:57,000
Ale pouh� �ty�i roky po vyd�n�
Mechanick�ho pomeran�e,
734
00:40:57,000 --> 00:41:02,080
mraziv� vize �lov�ka doslova
prom�n�n�ho na stroj
735
00:41:02,080 --> 00:41:05,440
zakym�cela britsk�mi
televizn�mi obrazovkami.
736
00:41:08,080 --> 00:41:11,080
Pat�� k n�m.
737
00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:17,840
Mus� b�t jako my.
738
00:41:18,840 --> 00:41:22,840
Cybermen v Doktorovi Who byl vytvo�en
sc�naristou Gerrym Davisem,
739
00:41:22,840 --> 00:41:27,480
a u po�adu byl neofici�ln�
v�deck� poradce, Dr. Kit Pedler,
740
00:41:27,480 --> 00:41:31,360
kter� byl l�ka�sk�m v�dcem
na Univerzit� v Lond�n�.
741
00:41:31,360 --> 00:41:35,280
60. l�ta byl zlat� v�k l�ka�sk�ch objev�,
742
00:41:35,280 --> 00:41:38,760
od protetick�ch kon�etin a�
po transplantaci org�n�.
743
00:41:38,760 --> 00:41:41,280
A doktor Pedler se za�al zaj�mat,
744
00:41:41,280 --> 00:41:45,120
"Co by se stalo, kdyby n� milostn�
rom�nek s l�ka�skou technikou
745
00:41:45,120 --> 00:41:48,240
z�skal nezastavitelnou rychlost?"
746
00:41:48,240 --> 00:41:51,920
"Co kdy� zjist�me, �e v�da
nejen m��e nahradit p��rodu,
747
00:41:51,920 --> 00:41:54,560
ale m��e ji i zlep�it?"
748
00:41:54,560 --> 00:41:59,720
"Co kdybychom za�ali vylep�ovat
sebe a nikdy nep�estali?"
749
00:42:01,520 --> 00:42:04,240
Byli jsme modernizov�ni.
750
00:42:04,240 --> 00:42:05,400
Do �eho?
751
00:42:05,400 --> 00:42:08,600
Dal�� �rove� lidstva.
752
00:42:08,600 --> 00:42:10,200
Jsme Lid� ��slo dv�.
753
00:42:10,200 --> 00:42:13,160
Ka�d� ob�an obdr�� bezplatn� vylep�en�.
754
00:42:13,160 --> 00:42:15,280
Stanete se takov�, jako jsme my.
755
00:42:15,280 --> 00:42:17,440
Cybermeni byli� byli�
756
00:42:17,440 --> 00:42:20,800
� rasa lid� podobn� jako my.
757
00:42:21,880 --> 00:42:25,640
A pomalu nahrazovali sami
sebe, kousek po kousku.
758
00:42:32,640 --> 00:42:36,040
Kl��em k tomu, pro� m�me
strach z Cybermen� -
759
00:42:36,040 --> 00:42:38,880
je, �e jsme se mohli st�t t�m ��m oni,
760
00:42:38,880 --> 00:42:42,360
�e bychom mohli b�t
vymaz�ni a p�em�n�ni
761
00:42:42,360 --> 00:42:45,240
a �e v�e, co rozpozn�v�me jako lidsk�
762
00:42:45,240 --> 00:42:47,200
by v n�s mohlo b�t nahrazeno.
763
00:42:48,400 --> 00:42:52,280
To je kl�� k tomu, co z nich d�l�
v��n� zaj�mav� padouchy.
764
00:43:00,560 --> 00:43:04,480
Cybermeni, pro m� byly d�siv�j�� ne� Dalekov�.
765
00:43:04,480 --> 00:43:06,600
Kdy� mi bylo sedm let,
766
00:43:06,600 --> 00:43:08,720
vzpom�n�m si na sledov�n�
t�chto Cybermen�,
767
00:43:08,720 --> 00:43:10,800
kte�� opravdu ne��kali nic, v�t�inou.
768
00:43:10,800 --> 00:43:12,840
Prost� p�i�li a konali.
769
00:43:12,840 --> 00:43:14,560
Byli nesmi�iteln�
770
00:43:14,560 --> 00:43:18,960
a m�li ty d�siv� tv��e
771
00:43:18,960 --> 00:43:23,640
proto�e tv��e byly� humanoidn�, je�t�.
772
00:43:25,640 --> 00:43:30,240
Co Cybermeni p�edstavuj�, jsou
technologick� ambice �lov�ka -
773
00:43:30,240 --> 00:43:34,960
na�e v�deck� arogance
doveden� do logick�ho extr�mu.
774
00:43:34,960 --> 00:43:37,880
Pod�vejte se pod Cybermanovu masku
775
00:43:37,880 --> 00:43:41,200
a m��ete naj�t sami sebe d�vaj�c� se zp�t.
776
00:43:41,200 --> 00:43:44,760
Ale nikdy jsme skute�n� nep�i�li o fascinaci
777
00:43:44,760 --> 00:43:49,760
n�padu vyu��t technologie pro
modernizaci sv�ch schopnost�.
778
00:43:49,760 --> 00:43:53,600
Skute�n�, l�ka�sk� v�da nyn�
nab�z� opravdovou perspektivu
779
00:43:53,600 --> 00:43:57,280
lidsk�ch/stroj� hybrid� - kyborg� -
780
00:43:57,280 --> 00:44:01,480
v�choz� bod jednoho z nejpopul�rn�j��ch
americk�ch televizn�ch po�ad�
781
00:44:01,480 --> 00:44:03,600
ze 70. let.
782
00:44:03,600 --> 00:44:06,200
P�nov�, m��eme ho obnovit.
783
00:44:06,200 --> 00:44:08,960
M�me technologii.
784
00:44:08,960 --> 00:44:10,880
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