Original subtitles

Narrator: otzi, "The iceman,"

Frozen high in the alps For 5,000 years.

He is the world's most Perfectly preserved mummy.

He comes from an age before The pyramids and stonehenge.

Maixner: The iceman gives us a window

Into how the people lived 5,300 years ago.

Narrator: Now, new forensic technology

Is uncovering Astonishing secrets

From his body and belongings.

We know exactly how he died.

We know exactly what happened,

Even in the last minutes Of his life.

Narrator: Investigations across europe

Reveal the changing society The iceman lives in.

What can otzi's life and death

Tell us about His incredible lost world?

To solve these mysteries,

We'll peer into The iceman's frozen body,

Piece together His ancient weapons and tools

To discover what kills him,

And to reveal a time

When humankind is On the dawn of a new age.

--captions by vitac-- Www.Vitac.Com

Captions paid for by Discovery communications

♪♪

September 1991,

10,000 feet high in the alps.

On the austria-italy border,

Two hikers stumble Across the frozen body of a man.

At first, they think He is a climber,

But mysterious objects Lying in the meltwater

Point to an ancient corpse.

The iceman gives us The unique possibility

To look back into our past.

Narrator: locked in the ice,

The body lies Facedown on a rock.

Perfectly preserved,

His eyeballs are mummified In their sockets.

Carbon dating reveals He is over 5,000 years old

With a mysterious Puncture wound

On his left shoulder.

Scattered around the body

Are the remnants Of extreme-weather gear,

A bearskin cap, A knee-length fur coat

Carefully sewn From goat-and-sheep skin panels,

Grass-lined string socks And leather snow boots

And cast further away, Prehistoric weapons.

What can these clues tell us About the world

This extraordinary ice mummy Comes from?

Bolzano, italy.

Here, under tight security,

Investigators keep the iceman Frozen in a refrigerated cell

At a frosty 19 degrees fahrenheit.

They nickname him otzi,

After the mountains Where he comes from.

♪♪

Microbiologist frank maixner

Is part of the team Investigating otzi.

Maixner: people in the future Can still look at this mummy,

Can also learn a lot From this mummy.

It's really our current task

To find the best Preservation conditions.

♪♪

Narrator: scientist know Much about the iceman.

They discover He lives his entire life

In the valleys of The northern italian alps.

So we learned quite a lot Already by just analyzing,

First of all, his skeleton, Also his bones,

And there we saw How old he was when he died,

So he was around 40 to 50 years old.

Narrator: But mysteries still surround His possessions.

Now, new technology Allows scientists

To look at them With fresh eyes.

Strewn 12 feet from otzi's body

Lies an incredibly Rare treasure --

The complete remains of an axe,

The only of its kind ever found.

The blade, just 3 inches long,

Expertly cast from 99 percent pure copper,

Its edges skillfully hammered

To slot perfectly into The carved, wooden handle,

And 7 feet of leather lashing Bind it tightly in place,

A sophisticated design.

Five thousand years ago,

It is one of the most Valuable items imaginable.

Can a new examination Of this precious object

Unlock more secrets about otzi And the world he lives in?

♪♪

Otzi lives just after The stone age,

But centuries before Great monuments

Like the pyramids Or stonehenge.

He comes from a time We now call the copper age.

The copper age is actually The transition

Between the stone age Into the real metal age,

And that's exactly The time where otzi lived.

Narrator: Geologist gilberto artioli

Is an expert In ancient metals.

He thinks techniques Used to make otzi's axe

Are far more sophisticated Than we ever imagined.

Artioli: you would have to get The skills and the know-how.

To extract the metal From the ores,

You need to actually

Chemically react And decompose the ores.

Narrator: In a unique experiment,

His team replicates the methods Used to produce it,

Using only the technology Available in the copper age.

♪♪

The process To turn copper into metal

Is called copper smelting.

♪♪

Craftsmen need To grind the ore down

With special stone tools

Before combining it With charcoal.

It is crucial the mixture heats

To precisely 1,830 degrees fahrenheit,

The melting point Of copper.

They need to work hard to keep The temperature constant.

Narrator: Gilberto's team reveals

The astonishing degree of skill The copper smelters need.

♪♪

Artioli: oh, great.

This is the product That we got out

Of the smelting Of the copper ore.

I mean, of course,

They didn't have all The thermodynamic background

That we have right now.

But by trial and error,

They get a very high level Of sophistication.

Narrator: otzi is carrying

One of the most advanced weapons On earth,

But there's a mystery.

Scientists have never found Any evidence

Of this copper Production process

In the region Where he lives.

Until now, Experts have thought

The people of this era Stayed local.

So how does the iceman Get his beautiful axe,

And what can that tell us About his world?

For the past 12 years,

Gilberto scours europe For clues,

Trying to find out Where the axe comes from.

Artioli: we really had to do A massive task

Of putting together The data of thousands

And thousands Of different mines.

That's really A painful job to do.

Narrator: all copper ores have Their own chemical signature,

Their unique fingerprint.

So gilberto can match otzi's axe

To an ore deposit Somewhere in europe.

It's like looking for A needle in a haystack.

The search takes gilberto South for over 400 miles

To an ancient mine In san silvestro.

Does otzi's axe originate This far from his home?

♪♪

Below ground are rich deposits Of copper ore.

Okay.

This is actually copper ore, But this is very recent.

This is young ore.

This is not exactly What we want.

Gilberto searches other parts Of the mine.

This is exactly The copper we want.

This is going to tell us what is The fingerprint of this mine.

Narrator: when gilberto compares

The chemical signature Of this copper ore

With otzi's axe,

He makes an incredible find.

Artioli: When we analyze this ore, We found a perfect match

With the signal of the copper Of the iceman axe.

It's absolutely fantastic.

Narrator: The discovery that otzi's axe Is made from copper mined here

Radically resets Our thinking about this era.

This is the time our ancestors

Begin to trade Over long distance.

But are they exchanging Raw materials or finished goods?

Where is the axe made?

At nearby san carlo, Gilberto finds the answer.

What was discovered there Is actually exceptional

Because we have a complete Metallurgical workshop.

It's the most ancient in italy.

We can also get The pieces of charcoal

That actually allowed us

To date them exactly To the time of the iceman.

♪♪

Narrator: Otzi's axe is made here And taken 400 miles north

Until it reaches his home In the frozen mountains.

Artioli: Nobody was expecting this.

It really opened up, you know,

A completely different view Of the copper age.

♪♪

Narrator: in otzi's world,

People use wheels But not horses.

The assumption is that They trade their goods locally,

So the copper for otzi's axe

Should have come from Nearby mines in the alps,

But instead, It comes all the way

From the mediterranean coast.

Copper goods Spread far and wide,

Jumping from one community To the next

Through a complex network.

♪♪

The copper age is

A revolutionary time In our story,

The beginning of specialized Manufacture and trade,

A world we recognize today.

♪♪

Narrator: otzi lives at a time

When people are not Just experimenting with metals.

They're also exchanging this Technology over long distances.

But copper weapons like this one Are still rare.

So why does otzi have one?

What does it reveal About his place

In this rapidly changing world?

♪♪

♪♪

Narrator: The iceman is transforming

Our understanding of humankind Over 5,000 years ago.

Archaeologists used to think

That otzi comes from a world Of small isolated communities.

Agriculture is developing

With the spread of crops And livestock.

His astonishing copper axe,

Made far away By specialist craftsmen,

Reveals a more Sophisticated era,

So how does the iceman Fit into this world?

A discovery at remedello, Northern italy,

Over 100 miles from south tyrol, Where otzi lives,

Provides a clue.

Hidden in the valley floor Lies an ancient cemetery --

11 females buried With terracotta pottery

And valuable necklaces.

In neighboring graves, 12 males

Surrounded by prestigious Flint arrowheads,

And in their grasp, 3-inch-long flint daggers.

But in one grave,

Archaeologists make A very special discovery --

A copper axe, Identical to otzi's.

Can these rich grave goods help Reveal more about our iceman?

♪♪

Archaeologist urs leuzinger Believes they can.

It was thought that In the copper age,

People are more Or less equal.

With few things to own,

There is little To create division,

But the discovery of These fine possessions

Forces a rethink.

Otzi's weapons Appear to mark him out

As one of the elite.

Across the alps in switzerland On the shores of lake constance,

Archaeologists find A similar picture

In the remains Of a copper-age village.

The perfectly preserved finds Date to 3,384 b.C.,

Almost exactly The same time otzi lives.

Otzi's copper axe

Is not the only thing That identifies him

As a man of importance.

His fine clothes do, too.

Other remains here reveal

How trade and technology Begin to change society.

The pot shows evidence of A completely different style.

It's similar to ceramics found Far away in vienna, austria.

At first, Archaeologists think the pottery

Must have been Brought to the village,

But urs discovers The clay is local,

So it must have been made In the village.

People are moving across europe,

Exchanging technology and ideas.

The ancient site also suggests

People are starting to develop Different roles in society.

Urs thinks the variations In the different tools

Used for weaving

Show that goods are produced On a large scale.

Technological advances Allow otzi's people

To lead a far more Sophisticated life

Than their stone age ancestors.

The change is not Just in europe.

On the banks of the nile, The indus in india,

And in mesopotamia In the middle east,

Technology and trade Creates wealth and rank.

As complex societies emerge, The first cities grow up.

♪♪

It's the dawn of civilization.

In otzi's part of europe, Building is on a smaller scale,

But changes in society Still have an impact

On his village life.

♪♪

Each dwelling sits on a stilted, Birch frame the size of an rv,

Topped with timber tiles Held down by stones.

Inside, up to eight people Eat and sleep together

Around a central clay hearth,

Sharing their home With domesticated animals.

Up to 30 identical houses Nestled tightly together.

Some keep pigs While others tend cattle.

♪♪

Some craft pottery and beads

And barter them Within the community and beyond.

Others gather food From the woods

While others are hunters.

♪♪

Urs believes that these Distinct roles

Reveals the emergence Of a new social order.

Otzi's precious axe, His fine clothes

Reveal he is a man of High status in his village.

His rank may breed resentment Or jealousy.

Does this lead to his death?

A fresh investigation of His tools offers clues.

♪♪

Narrator: otzi the iceman is A 5,000-year-old time capsule.

He lives in The early copper age,

When mastery of metal Leads to profound change.

Otzi's valuable copper axe Is a clear sign

That he is a wealthy man.

What else can his possessions Reveal about him,

His life, and how he dies?

♪♪

Found alongside otzi Is the world's

First fully preserved Prehistoric tool kit --

A flint dagger With a 2-inch blade,

An intricate, tree-bark sheath,

A blade sharpener Pointed like a pencil,

Made from hardened deer antler,

And further away,

A longbow shaft Crafted from a yew branch,

Nearby a deer-hide quiver.

Wrapped inside, 14 arrow shafts,

But just two are complete

With flint arrowheads And feather fletching.

Could he be a hunter Or a warrior?

Why is he so well armed?

Archaeologist ursula wierer

Investigates Otzi's flint weapons.

They could be key To unlocking his identity

And even a clue to how he dies.

Wierer: The tools are so important

Because the tools tell us About the everyday life

Of the people that use them, That produce them.

And also in otzi's case,

It tells us something About his history.

♪♪

Narrator: Experts believe the flint In some of the iceman's tools

May come from italy's Lessini mountains region.

Wierer: people have been Using stone tools

Since more than 2 million years,

And the reason is that Flakable stones

Are a very robust And strong material

Which can be shaped.

Narrator: there are many Different types of flint,

Which affect The quality of the tools.

Ursula works With stefano bertola,

An expert in this stone.

[ stones tapping ]

Stefano believes That these mountains

Produce superior flint.

But this razor-sharp stone

Is difficult to turn Into an effective weapon.

Crafting a stone arrowhead Or blade requires skill.

You need to use A pressure technique

Called flint knapping To shape it.

♪♪

Ursula and her team use A high-powered microscope

To look at the pressure marks On the iceman's tools

In extraordinary detail.

We discovered that they Are beautifully worked.

We know that it was a work Done by experts.

Narrator: the precision of the Pressure marks

Spread evenly over the blade

Reveals it is made By a skilled craftsman.

Otzi's tools are of The highest quality.

Is this proof he's A specialist flint knapper?

We were able to distinguish The last phase of repairing

Was of a little bit Less quality.

The last one who worked These tools was otzi

Because he was the owner,

And so we think That he was able to retouch,

But he had not The high-quality skill

To make tools like this.

♪♪

Narrator: Otzi is no flint specialist.

He doesn't make his own weapons.

Is he an alpine hunter?

♪♪

He wears a base layer Of leather leggings

And a fur coat,

And on top, A waterproof grass cape

And luxury bearskin cap.

Around his waist, A first-aid travel kit,

Two walnut-sized birch mushrooms

To fight infection And reduce inflammation,

A bent, hazelwood frame,

Large boards And string bridging

Make a pack that sits Snugly on his back

With waterproof hide that Shields it from the elements,

And inside, wooden containers Are stuffed with charcoal embers

Wrapped in maple leaves,

A ready-made, portable fire.

♪♪

Otzi is outfitted For a hunting trip

High in the mountains,

But for ursula, Something doesn't add up.

We can see these from the bow, Which is still unfinished

And would have needed Several hours to be completed.

Narrator: a hunter's bow Would be ready for the kill,

And his quiver of arrows Is also a mystery.

Wierer: the iceman carried 12 arrow shafts.

He had only two arrow shafts Which were ready,

But both arrowheads were --

They laid broken Inside the quiver.

Narrator: he is not on a hunt.

Ursula believes the state of His weapons is very revealing.

This tells me that

He didn't have any time To prepare his tool kit,

Maybe because He was in a hurry,

So it seems that he was in A problematic situation

When he was forced To go up to the mountains.

Narrator: is otzi on the run, Fleeing for his life?

Can modern forensic science

Help us solve the mystery Of this ancient death?

♪♪

Narrator: otzi gives scientists And extraordinary window

Into the world 5,000 years ago.

He is a high-ranking member Of a rapidly changing society,

But seems to be fleeing In fear for his life.

What can a postmortem Reveal about his death?

♪♪

Concealed beneath otzi's skin, His gut, fully intact.

In his lower intestines,

Investigators find traces Of pollen

He ingests During his final days.

One is from pine trees,

Another, the hophornbeam,

But a crucial organ Has gone undetected for years

And is finally discovered Hidden under the ribs,

His stomach.

What can the iceman's own body Tell us about his final hours?

♪♪

Microbiologist frank maixner

Investigates The iceman's stomach.

Maixner: The amazing was really that the Stomach was completely filled,

Could take out pieces of food He ate shortly before he died.

Narrator: Here is a perfectly preserved, 5,000-year-old snack.

The information we get from The intestinal contents

Is really incredible.

We can reconstruct his diet,

But also we can reconstruct His last few days.

Narrator: Food only stays in the stomach For a couple of hours,

Then passes through To other parts of the gut,

So otzi must eat this meal Shortly before he dies.

Hidden in these Prehistoric remains,

Frank spots Something unusual.

When we take now A water-based solution,

And we add it,

Stomach content Actually floats up

In this water-based solution,

Which was quite Unexpected to us.

Narrator: For frank, it's the telltale Sign of a fatty substance.

♪♪

He uses a centrifuge

To separate The different components

Of the stomach's Crumbly contents.

On the one hand, we have The plant and animal material.

And we have here The second part,

Which is the pure fat.

Narrator: The iceman's last meal consists Of nearly 50 percent fat.

Shows us that The iceman had already

A good knowledge On the diet,

And the fat he ate Gave him the energy

To survive up there In this mountain.

Narrator: Frank thinks this high-fat meal

Can reveal more About otzi's last hours.

To investigate, he's come to The south tyrol archeopark

For a prehistoric cookout.

Maixner: so we have here Some wild goat meat,

The type of meat we found also In the iceman's stomach content.

And I will cut it here.

So for cutting, We use a flint stone,

Similar like the iceman did 5,300 years ago.

Narrator: Frank believes otzi chooses Energy-rich cuts of meat.

The neck muscle of wild goat Is fatty, just like bacon.

He cooks the meat Using an ancient method --

At low temperature Over an open fire.

Maixner: so if you take now A piece of meat that was cooked

Only at about approximately 70 degrees fahrenheit,

We can clearly see that The structure is still intact.

Narrator: Frank analyzes the cooked meat.

It has a similar structure To the meat in otzi's stomach.

Maixner: the presence Of this outer structure elements

Tells us that the meat Was not harshly heated up.

The iceman's meal consisted Of dried meat,

Which is similar Like beef jerky.

So all the water content Is removed.

♪♪

Narrator: otzi carries A pre-prepared meal.

Perhaps he knows he'll be away For some time,

But there's something else.

Maixner: when the iceman had His last meals,

He unintentionally Also swallowed pollens,

Which were in the environment.

Narrator: From the position of these Pollens in the iceman's gut,

Frank can piece together

A detailed timeline Of otzi's last days.

He analyzes the samples

Taken from the iceman's Lower intestine.

These reveal where otzi is Nearly two days before he dies.

Maixner: we saw pine-tree pollen Inside of him.

This tells us that he was Actually was for this meal

At around approximately 2,000 meters above sea level.

Narrator: The same technique pinpoints

Where the iceman Is 24 hours later.

He went down into the valley At approximately 1,200 meters.

We see a different Pollen profile,

Trees which are more growing At this altitude.

Narrator: The pollen allows frank To trace otzi's journey

10,000 feet up in the alps.

The iceman was found up there At this mountain,

Which within the last 2 days,

The iceman was trekking up And down in this mountains

And long-distance treks also.

In this extreme environment,

We really ask ourself Why he did so.

What was his motivation To do this?

Narrator: otzi's final trip

Deepens the mystery Surrounding his death.

What kills him in That lonely mountain pass?

Is it an accident or murder?

Can new forensic analysis Of the iceman's injuries

Help solve this 5,000-year-old cold case?

♪♪

Narrator: otzi, a man entombed In ice for over 5,000 years.

His perfectly preserved body

Is a link To life in the copper age,

A world that is becoming More complex.

Scientists piece together His final days,

But now they're trying to Understand how he dies and why.

External examinations Of his body

Reveal a debilitating injury To his right hand,

A 1-inch cut Right down to the bone.

Bruising to his face suggests A more sinister wound.

Beneath the skull, Evidence of a brain hemorrhage,

A possible blunt-force trauma,

And on his left shoulder, A small puncture.

Beneath the shoulder blade,

A trail of damaged tissue Leads to a piece of flint

No larger than a dime, An arrowhead.

A series of dangerous wounds,

Which one kills him,

And is it murder?

Paleopathologist albert zink

Heads the scientific team

Investigating The death of the iceman.

We are using Modern forensic science

To better understand How the iceman died,

The circumstances Around his death,

What happened in The last moments of his life.

Narrator: Blood samples can reveal If a wound if fatal.

Forensic scientists study them For vital clues

As to when an injury occurs.

Zink: It's very difficult to find Blood samples in the iceman,

So this was a big problem That we had.

Narrator: Now, new forensic technology

Helps albert investigate The iceman's injuries

In microscopic detail.

He analyzes tissue samples

Taken from otzi's hand, Brain, and arrow wounds.

Zink: We see this microscopic picture,

And just by looking On this image,

We were not sure about Whether this is blood cells,

Maybe something else like pollen Or a dust particle.

Narrator: Albert uses a pioneering Nanoprobe to find out.

This creates a 3-d image Of the iceman's tissue sample

In extraordinary detail.

This is amazing that we Really got a 3-d object

That perfectly shows

The structure Of red blood cells.

By doing this, We really could prove

That we have identified For the first time

Red blood cells Of 5,300 years of age.

Narrator: this is the oldest Human blood cell ever found,

So how does prehistoric plasma Remain intact for so long?

The secret lies in otzi's Unusual burial.

Just hours after his death,

Snow quickly covers The iceman's body,

Hiding his remains From scavenging animals.

Over the following weeks,

The layers of snow Compact into ice.

Otzi's internal organs Plunge into deep freeze,

Trapping moisture Which preserves

The fragile blood cells. And as his body lies in a gully,

The churning movement of the Glacier above cannot harm it.

Over 5,000 years, The ice occasionally melts,

Allowing the alpine winds to dry And mummify the iceman's skin.

With otzi's ancient blood cells Still intact,

Albert can investigate Which injuries kill him.

Zink: With the help of the blood,

We could understand Whether the wounds were fresh

Or the wounds Were already starting to heal,

And with this, we could also Try to reconstruct

What happened in the last hours And days before he died.

Narrator: First, albert analyzes the blood

From the wound On otzi's right hand.

You can see here is a scratch On his right hand

In his right palm.

It's, really, a big cut wound.

It must have been caused By a plate,

So maybe a knife Or even an axe.

Narrator: an atomic microscope Magnifies the blood sample.

♪♪

Zink: we wanted to know whether This was a fresh cut wound

Or it was already Starting to heal,

And here you see This blue-greenish material.

This shows that the healing Process has already started.

Narrator: The hand wound is not fresh,

But happens a few days Before otzi dies.

Next, albert analyzes The wound in the iceman's head.

When we looked into his brain,

We saw some darkened areas In the back of the brain,

Which are signs, at least In modern forensic cases,

For brain trauma.

Does this kill otzi?

We have no clear conclusion That this brain injury

Has contributed to his death

Or was just injury He got from falling down.

Narrator: albert now turns To the last injury,

The arrow wound.

He uses the same Magnifying process

To find something very different From the hand wound.

We found traces of a substance That it's called fibrin,

And it's a molecule That helps to clot the blood

And to fix the wound.

Narrator: fibrin forms quickly After an injury,

But disappears from the body

Before the healing Process starts.

Zink: By finding the fibrin,

It means that It was a fresh wound

That didn't show any signs Of healing.

It was an amazing finding

Because it showed us

That he didn't survive This arrow shot.

So we had an ultimate proof Finally

That he was killed With the arrow.

Narrator: the wound confirms That otzi is murdered.

Zink: the arrow, When it entered the body,

Injured a major artery.

This means he must have lost A lot of blood,

This have killed him Within 30 minutes or 1 hour.

Narrator: who would want to kill Someone like otzi?

What kind of enemies Might he have?

Narrator: otzi the iceman Murdered high in the alps,

This ancient crime scene Remains frozen in ice,

Unchanged for 5,000 years.

Scientists believe The cause of his death

Was a single arrow shot To his shoulder.

But key questions still Fascinate investigators.

Who kills otzi and why, And what could his death tell us

About the world he lives in?

In switzerland, paleopathologist Frank ruehli wants to know

What the murder weapon, The arrow,

Can tell him About otzi's killer.

[ conversing in german ]

Narrator: Frank meets juergen junkmann

At zurich police forces Firing range.

He has spent 20 years

Researching Prehistoric weaponry.

So you brought the bows And the arrows?

Yeah. I tried to replicate otzi.

Juergen has constructed An exact replica

Of the bow and arrow Used in otzi's time.

It's quite capable Of killing any animal.

♪♪

They've set up a target That simulates otzi.

This ballistic gel Mimics his body,

And the goat hide in front Replicates his clothes.

So let's see what we can Learn about the murder.

Close inspection reveals

How deep the arrow Penetrates into otzi's body.

Frank uses this evidence

To test how far away Otzi's killer is.

First, juergen fires A shot from 30 feet.

Nice.

Let's get And have a look.

So this one went really Deep into the body,

So the killer must have been Even further away, I guess.

A shot fired At this distance

Would penetrate deeper Into otzi's body

Than the arrow that kills him.

So juergen fires From 100 feet.

It's how it looks like After 30 meters.

Let's see.

♪♪

Didn't go that far.

It still has enough impact To be lethal.

We can assume The murderer

Being about This distance away.

♪♪

Narrator: it's an ambush.

The killer fires From a safe distance

And shoots otzi from behind.

Ruehli: he was shot By this arrow.

He was starting to bleed Massively,

And in combination With the cold

Where he was sort of On top of the mountain,

He probably just Sort of bled to death.

Narrator: but after 5,000 years, What other leads are there

To help frank investigate A motive and a killer.

Ruehli: otzi seems to be Of a certain wealth,

But I think It's rather unlikely

That it was specifically A robbery in this case.

Otherwise, you would expect more Of the equipment being missing.

Narrator: frank examines wounds In otzi's body.

They point to a fatal chain Of events

That begins a few days Before his murder.

Ruehli: otzi had a wound In the right hand.

The location of the wound

Indicates that it might be Actually some sort of defense

To someone Who is attacking him.

We know from the histological Examinations

That the wound Was a few days old.

Narrator: frank suspects That otzi knows his killer.

You often see also in modern Situations of homicide

That there is An escalation of violence,

So someone attacks someone,

And then it goes Even further and further.

Eventually, it ends into A deadly assault on someone,

So that's a pattern We might have seen already

5,000 years ago.

Narrator: Otzi lives at a time

When a new social order Is emerging.

Material wealth And specialized skills

Split people Into high and low status.

Does this breed resentment?

Ruehli: emotional reasons Play a big role.

Maybe someone was envious About his life

Because of his wealth,

About his status, About his behavior.

Maybe he made someone upset Back in his village.

These are possible reasons Why someone gets killed.

♪♪

Narrator: The iceman is murdered.

His perfectly preserved remains Tell us much about his death,

But also the time he lives in,

A world we can Still recognize today.

Ruehli: The case of otzi is fascinating

Because after 5,000 years,

We have evolved enormously Technologically.

But in terms of emotion And the way we act,

Mankind may still be Exactly the same.

Narrator: otzi is one of The most incredible

Archaeological discoveries Of all time.

He unlocks secrets of A european culture

That flourishes At the dawn of civilization

When humans are leaving The stone age behind

And entering A brave, new world.

♪♪

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