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**
2
00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:07,200
Narrator: THE ANCIENT
MEGA TEMPLE OF KARNAK --
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00:00:07,233 --> 00:00:11,067
THE EARTHLY MANSION
OF THE EGYPTIAN GODS
4
00:00:11,100 --> 00:00:14,800
AND THE EXCLUSIVE PLAYGROUND
OF EGYPT'S RULING ELITE.
5
00:00:14,833 --> 00:00:18,300
THE FEAT OF ENGINEERING HERE
IS JUST ASTRONOMICAL.
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00:00:18,333 --> 00:00:21,967
YOU CAN SEE
THE SIZE OF IT.
7
00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:23,833
BUT JUST HOW FAR BACK
8
00:00:23,867 --> 00:00:27,233
DOES THE HISTORY
OF THIS PLACE STRETCH?
9
00:00:27,267 --> 00:00:31,667
AND WHAT BIZARRE RITUALS
WENT ON BEHIND ITS CLOSED DOORS?
10
00:00:31,700 --> 00:00:34,533
THEY WOULD SING AND DANCE
FOR THE GODS
11
00:00:34,567 --> 00:00:37,133
BECAUSE THE GODS
WERE EASILY BORED.
12
00:00:37,167 --> 00:00:39,900
Narrator:
TODAY, NEW TECHNOLOGIES
13
00:00:39,933 --> 00:00:42,400
AND FORENSIC DETECTIVE WORK
14
00:00:42,433 --> 00:00:44,967
ARE REVEALING WHAT LIFE WAS LIKE
15
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INSIDE THE ANCIENT WORLD'S
LARGEST RELIGIOUS COMPLEX.
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00:00:49,700 --> 00:00:52,867
TO UNEARTH KARNAK'S SECRETS,
17
00:00:52,900 --> 00:00:56,833
WE'LL EXPLORE THIS MEGA-TEMPLE
STONE BY STONE.
18
00:00:56,867 --> 00:01:01,733
WE'LL LOOK INSIDE
ITS 30-FOOT-THICK WALLS
19
00:01:01,767 --> 00:01:04,800
AND DECODE
ITS 60-FOOT HIGH COLUMNS
20
00:01:04,833 --> 00:01:07,600
TO LIFT THE VEIL ON LIFE INSIDE
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00:01:07,633 --> 00:01:11,633
ONE OF THE ANCIENT WORLD'S
MOST SECRETIVE WONDERS.
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00:01:11,667 --> 00:01:14,633
-- Captions by VITAC --
www.vitac.com
23
00:01:14,667 --> 00:01:17,633
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
24
00:01:17,667 --> 00:01:20,067
**
25
00:01:20,067 --> 00:01:24,967
THE SACRED EGYPTIAN SITE
OF KARNAK --
26
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GENERATION AFTER GENERATION
OF PHARAOHS
27
00:01:27,367 --> 00:01:32,567
BUILT TEMPLES HERE
IN HONOR OF THEIR OWN RULE.
28
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THE RESULT IS A SPRAWLING CITY
OF RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES
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FROM DIFFERENT ERAS
PACKED TOGETHER LIKE SARDINES.
30
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KARNAK SITS AT THE HEART
OF THE EGYPTIAN EMPIRE,
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00:01:45,500 --> 00:01:50,100
300 MILES SOUTH
OF THE GREAT PYRAMIDS.
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00:01:50,133 --> 00:01:53,967
THIS VAST COLLECTION
OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS
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00:01:54,067 --> 00:01:58,133
WAS ALSO A SEAT OF POWER
FOR EGYPT'S MIGHTY PHARAOHS,
34
00:01:58,167 --> 00:02:03,467
LIKE TODAY'S VATICAN
AND WHITE HOUSE ROLLED INTO ONE.
35
00:02:03,500 --> 00:02:08,233
WHAT REALLY WENT ON
BEHIND THESE HALLOWED WALLS?
36
00:02:08,267 --> 00:02:11,467
TODAY, AS ENGINEERS REBUILD
THE SHATTERED REMAINS
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OF KARNAK PIECE BY PIECE,
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THIS EXTRAORDINARY SITE IS
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FINALLY REVEALING
ITS HIDDEN SECRETS.
40
00:02:18,600 --> 00:02:20,967
IT'S A MAMMOTH TASK.
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00:02:28,733 --> 00:02:30,633
**
42
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THE PARTS OF THE COMPLEX
ARCHAEOLOGISTS HAVE RESTORED
43
00:02:34,233 --> 00:02:37,267
REVEALED THE SPECTACLE
THAT GREETED ELITE GUESTS
44
00:02:37,300 --> 00:02:40,933
MORE THAN 3,000 YEARS AGO.
45
00:02:40,967 --> 00:02:43,300
**
46
00:02:43,333 --> 00:02:45,900
THE ELITE ALLOWED
TO ENTER KARNAK WERE GREETED
47
00:02:45,933 --> 00:02:48,433
BY THE MASSIVE HYPOSTYLE HALL.
48
00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:54,900
HERE, FOREIGN DIGNITARIES
WERE RECEIVED,
49
00:02:54,933 --> 00:02:58,867
AND MIGHTY PHARAOHS
RESTED UNDER THE SHADED COLUMNS.
50
00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:03,233
BEHIND IT,
THE FESTIVAL HALL OBELISKS
51
00:03:03,267 --> 00:03:05,700
MARKED AN EXCLUSIVE GATEWAY.
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ONLY PRIESTS AND PHARAOHS
COULD PASS THROUGH
53
00:03:08,100 --> 00:03:11,067
TO THE INNER TEMPLES.
54
00:03:11,067 --> 00:03:13,133
AT THE HEART OF THIS
SECRET INNER SANCTUM
55
00:03:13,167 --> 00:03:16,833
LAID THE MOST ANCIENT
KNOWN TEMPLE.
56
00:03:16,867 --> 00:03:21,367
BUT EXPERTS SUSPECT THAT THIS
SITE WAS VENERATED FOR SO LONG,
57
00:03:21,400 --> 00:03:25,133
THAT EVEN OLDER TEMPLES
MAY LIE HIDDEN IN THE RUINS.
58
00:03:31,667 --> 00:03:34,067
ANTOINE GARRIC IS
THE CURRENT LEAD
59
00:03:34,067 --> 00:03:36,933
ON A MASSIVE
RESTORATION PROJECT,
60
00:03:36,967 --> 00:03:40,867
REBUILDING KARNAK
TO ITS FORMER GLORY.
61
00:03:40,900 --> 00:03:44,967
HE KNOWS THAT ANCIENT STRUCTURES
UNSEEN FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS
62
00:03:45,067 --> 00:03:48,567
COULD LIE HIDDEN INSIDE
THIS FIELD OF BLOCKS.
63
00:03:48,600 --> 00:03:53,433
BUT TO RESURRECT THEM, HE FIRST
HAS TO FIND THE RIGHT PIECES.
64
00:04:02,500 --> 00:04:04,167
WHILE HUNTING OUT THE BLOCKS
65
00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:06,200
FOR HIS LATEST
RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT,
66
00:04:06,233 --> 00:04:08,600
ANTOINE HAS LEARNED
SOMETHING ASTONISHING
67
00:04:08,633 --> 00:04:11,200
ABOUT THE EGYPTIAN BUILDERS.
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00:04:11,233 --> 00:04:13,400
THEY WERE THIEVES.
69
00:04:26,300 --> 00:04:30,067
EXAMINING THE SCENES OF
THESE ARCHITECTURAL CRIMES
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00:04:30,067 --> 00:04:33,867
REVEALS SOME
INCREDIBLE SURPRISES.
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00:04:33,900 --> 00:04:36,967
PERHAPS THE GREATEST
WAS DISCOVERED INSIDE THE RUINS
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00:04:37,067 --> 00:04:41,300
OF ONE OF KARNAK'S
ENORMOUS WALLS.
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00:04:41,333 --> 00:04:44,967
WITHIN THE FABRIC
OF A HALF-DESTROYED WALL,
74
00:04:45,067 --> 00:04:50,067
ARCHAEOLOGISTS FOUND THE REMAINS
OF HUNDREDS OF STOLEN BLOCKS.
75
00:04:50,067 --> 00:04:52,467
THEY'RE THE PIECES
TO A NEAR-COMPLETE TEMPLE
76
00:04:52,500 --> 00:04:54,667
CALLED THE WHITE CHAPEL,
77
00:04:54,700 --> 00:04:59,067
THE CROWNING GLORY
OF SENUSRET THE FIRST,
78
00:04:59,100 --> 00:05:02,700
A FORMER PHARAOH.
79
00:05:02,733 --> 00:05:05,133
HE COVERED THE CHAPEL
IN INSCRIPTIONS,
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00:05:05,167 --> 00:05:09,567
DEPICTING HIS JUBILEE FESTIVAL.
81
00:05:09,600 --> 00:05:12,767
IT ONCE HELD THE KING'S
MIGHTY DOUBLE THRONE
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00:05:12,800 --> 00:05:15,700
AND HONORED THE SUN GOD.
83
00:05:15,733 --> 00:05:18,533
THIS HOLY SHRINE WAS
CALLOUSLY DESTROYED
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00:05:18,567 --> 00:05:21,167
TO BUILD THE LEGACY
OF A FUTURE PHARAOH.
85
00:05:25,633 --> 00:05:30,600
NINE SIMILAR TOWERING WALLS
WERE BUILT ON THE KARNAK SITE.
86
00:05:30,633 --> 00:05:33,200
THE PHARAOHS THAT BUILT
EACH ONE COVERED THEM
87
00:05:33,233 --> 00:05:34,733
WITH ANCIENT SCRIPTS,
88
00:05:34,767 --> 00:05:40,733
BOASTING OF THEIR DIVINE STATUS
LIKE A GIANT BILLBOARD.
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00:05:40,767 --> 00:05:46,600
TODAY, ANTOINE AND HIS TEAM ARE
RECONSTRUCTING ONE OF THE WALLS.
90
00:05:46,633 --> 00:05:48,700
THEY BELIEVE IT WAS
CARVED IN HONOR
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00:05:48,733 --> 00:05:53,733
OF THE BOY-KING TUTANKHAMUN
MORE THAN 3,000 YEARS AGO.
92
00:05:53,767 --> 00:05:56,433
**
93
00:05:56,467 --> 00:05:59,700
BY COMPLETING THIS
30-FOOT-HIGH JIGSAW PUZZLE,
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00:05:59,733 --> 00:06:02,233
ANTOINE HOPES TO REVEAL
THE FORGOTTEN HISTORY
95
00:06:02,267 --> 00:06:08,467
OF KING TUT'S REIGN SCRUBBED OUT
BY THE RULERS WHO FOLLOWED HIM.
96
00:06:08,500 --> 00:06:12,133
THE COMPLEXITY OF THE TASK
IS ENORMOUS,
97
00:06:12,167 --> 00:06:15,333
BUT ANTOINE HAS
TECHNOLOGY ON HIS SIDE.
98
00:06:38,133 --> 00:06:42,067
ANTOINE USES SPECIAL SOFTWARE
TO SEE WHERE HIS PHOTOS FIT
99
00:06:42,100 --> 00:06:44,067
INTO THE WALL RECONSTRUCTION.
100
00:07:01,733 --> 00:07:04,800
ONCE HE'S SURE WHERE
THE VIRTUAL BLOCK GOES,
101
00:07:04,833 --> 00:07:08,067
ANTOINE CAN HAUL
THE REAL THING INTO PLACE.
102
00:07:17,300 --> 00:07:20,333
ANTOINE IS CONFIDENT
THIS IS THE NEXT PIECE
103
00:07:20,367 --> 00:07:22,733
IN KING TUT'S MONSTER PUZZLE.
104
00:07:40,167 --> 00:07:43,933
TODAY'S RESTORERS ARE LUCKY
TO HAVE MODERN MACHINES TO LIFT
105
00:07:43,967 --> 00:07:47,200
THE TWO-TON BLOCKS INTO PLACE.
106
00:07:47,233 --> 00:07:49,233
THREE AND A HALF
THOUSAND YEARS AGO,
107
00:07:49,267 --> 00:07:54,467
THE EGYPTIANS HAD TO USE
MUCH MORE PRIMITIVE TOOLS.
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00:07:54,500 --> 00:07:57,433
INSTEAD OF CRANES,
THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS
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00:07:57,467 --> 00:08:00,833
MADE BRICKS
FROM THE MUD OF THE NILE
110
00:08:00,867 --> 00:08:04,567
AND STACKED THEM
INTO A GENTLE SLOPING RAMP.
111
00:08:04,600 --> 00:08:07,733
THEY ADDED WOODEN TRACKS
112
00:08:07,767 --> 00:08:11,900
AND PULLED THE MASSIVE
STONE BLOCKS UP ON SLEDS.
113
00:08:11,933 --> 00:08:17,233
THEY USED WATER
TO LUBRICATE THE PATH.
114
00:08:17,267 --> 00:08:20,933
THE EGYPTIANS BUILT THE RAMP
HIGHER AND HIGHER TO ADD MORE
115
00:08:20,967 --> 00:08:22,900
AND MORE LAYERS TO THE WALL
116
00:08:22,933 --> 00:08:26,500
UNTIL IT TOWARD OVER 100 FEET.
117
00:08:26,533 --> 00:08:30,900
ONCE THE WALL WAS COMPLETE,
THE RAMP WAS DESTROYED.
118
00:08:30,933 --> 00:08:33,467
A HUGE WOODEN DOOR
AND COLORFUL FLAGS
119
00:08:33,500 --> 00:08:37,767
WERE ADDED AS THE FINAL TOUCHES.
120
00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:40,467
**
121
00:08:40,500 --> 00:08:44,233
BY REBUILDING THE RUINS OF
KARNAK'S FORGOTTEN STRUCTURES,
122
00:08:44,267 --> 00:08:47,300
EXPERTS HAVE UNCOVERED EVIDENCE
OF THE STRANGE RITUALS
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00:08:47,333 --> 00:08:51,133
AND PRACTICES
OF THE ANCIENT PHARAOHS.
124
00:08:51,167 --> 00:08:54,067
BUT TO TRULY UNDERSTAND
WHAT WENT ON AT KARNAK,
125
00:08:54,067 --> 00:08:58,467
SCIENTISTS HAVE TO LOOK
ELSEWHERE FOR CLUES.
126
00:08:58,500 --> 00:09:02,067
THESE GRISLY HUMAN REMAINS
WERE ONCE IMPORTANT PEOPLE
127
00:09:02,100 --> 00:09:05,300
IN THE WORKING LIFE
OF THE TEMPLE.
128
00:09:05,333 --> 00:09:11,833
CAN NEW TECHNOLOGY REVEAL
WHO THEY WERE AND WHAT THEY DID?
129
00:09:21,500 --> 00:09:25,133
Narrator: KARNAK --
THE LARGEST RELIGIOUS COMPLEX
130
00:09:25,167 --> 00:09:27,933
IN ANCIENT EGYPT
131
00:09:27,967 --> 00:09:31,267
WITH A MOUNTAIN OF RUINS
TO PROVE IT.
132
00:09:31,300 --> 00:09:33,100
**
133
00:09:33,133 --> 00:09:35,500
HISTORIANS BELIEVED
THIS WALLED STRUCTURE
134
00:09:35,533 --> 00:09:37,567
WAS A THRIVING MINIATURE CITY
135
00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:41,767
FILLED WITH HOMES
AND WORKPLACES.
136
00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:44,067
BUT WHO WAS THE ELITE'S
RELIGIOUS SOCIETY
137
00:09:44,100 --> 00:09:48,767
THAT LIVED HERE,
AND WHAT DID THEY DO?
138
00:09:48,800 --> 00:09:51,100
**
139
00:09:51,133 --> 00:09:53,067
TO FIND THIS HIDDEN CITY,
140
00:09:53,100 --> 00:09:56,233
YOU HAVE TO TRAVEL
DEEP INSIDE KARNAK,
141
00:09:56,267 --> 00:09:58,067
FAR BEYOND THE OBELISKS
142
00:09:58,100 --> 00:10:02,200
AND INTO THE SACRED LABYRINTH
OF ANTECHAMBERS RESERVED
143
00:10:02,233 --> 00:10:06,300
FOR THE KING
AND HIS SPIRITUAL ENTOURAGE.
144
00:10:06,333 --> 00:10:09,967
INSIDE THESE SECRET ROOMS,
PRIESTS AND THEIR RELIGIOUS
145
00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:13,467
AIDES WOULD HOST CEREMONIES
AND DAILY RITUALS.
146
00:10:13,500 --> 00:10:15,433
BUT AT THE END
OF THE WORKING DAY,
147
00:10:15,467 --> 00:10:19,533
THEY WOULD ALL RETIRE
TO THE HIDDEN VILLAGE BEYOND,
148
00:10:19,567 --> 00:10:23,033
A WALLED COMPLEX OF HUNDRED
OF MUD HOUSES,
149
00:10:23,067 --> 00:10:26,100
SPACE FOR THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
TO LIVE AND WORK,
150
00:10:26,133 --> 00:10:30,567
A SECRET SOCIETY TO SUPPORT
THE TEMPLE'S COLOSSAL POWER.
151
00:10:33,733 --> 00:10:35,733
**
152
00:10:35,767 --> 00:10:39,133
CAMPBELL PRICE SUSPECTS THE
EGYPTIANS WHO WORKED AT KARNAK
153
00:10:39,167 --> 00:10:41,200
MAY HAVE BEEN EVERY BIT
AS EXTRAORDINARY
154
00:10:41,233 --> 00:10:44,600
AS THE TEMPLE ITSELF.
155
00:10:44,633 --> 00:10:48,567
AND TODAY, WITH THE HELP OF
HIS COLLEAGUE LIDIJA McKNIGHT,
156
00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:52,800
HE HAS AN OPPORTUNITY TO PUT
HIS SUSPICIONS TO THE TEST.
157
00:10:52,833 --> 00:10:56,900
WE HAVE 20 HUMAN MUMMIES,
SEVERAL OF WHOM COME
158
00:10:56,933 --> 00:10:58,467
FROM THE SITE OF THEBES,
159
00:10:58,500 --> 00:11:00,767
AND IT'S VERY LIKELY
THAT THOSE PEOPLE,
160
00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:05,333
INCLUDING THIS LADY HERE,
WORKED AT THE TEMPLE OF KARNAK.
161
00:11:05,367 --> 00:11:07,433
Narrator: 100 YEARS AGO,
162
00:11:07,467 --> 00:11:10,500
EXPLORERS UNEARTHED
THESE HUMAN REMAINS
163
00:11:10,533 --> 00:11:15,367
VERY CLOSE TO KARNAK IN WHAT WAS
THE ANCIENT CITY OF THEBES.
164
00:11:15,400 --> 00:11:18,067
CAMPBELL BELIEVES
THE RESIN-COATED MUMMY
165
00:11:18,067 --> 00:11:22,667
IS THAT OF A TEMPLE WORKER
CALLED "PARENBAST."
166
00:11:22,700 --> 00:11:25,800
HE HOPES TO UNRAVEL THE SECRETS
OF HER DAILY LIFE
167
00:11:25,833 --> 00:11:27,833
BY STUDYING HER REMAINS
168
00:11:27,867 --> 00:11:32,400
AND ANY ARTIFACTS HIDDEN
INSIDE HER WRAPPINGS.
169
00:11:32,433 --> 00:11:36,200
Price: SO THIS IS THE LID
OF THE COFFIN OF PARENBAST.
170
00:11:36,233 --> 00:11:39,200
SHE WAS DISCOVERED
IN A SEALED TOMB,
171
00:11:39,233 --> 00:11:41,800
AND DOWN HERE,
WE CAN SEE SOME HIEROGLYPHS,
172
00:11:41,833 --> 00:11:45,133
WHICH ARE A PRAYER TO THE GODS
173
00:11:45,167 --> 00:11:49,100
TO ENSURE THAT PARENBAST WOULD
HAVE A SUCCESSFUL AFTERLIFE.
174
00:11:49,133 --> 00:11:51,267
SO, IS THERE ANY EVIDENCE
ON THE COFFIN WHICH TELLS US
175
00:11:51,300 --> 00:11:52,967
WHAT HER ROLE WAS
AT THE TEMPLE?
176
00:11:53,067 --> 00:11:55,733
Price: RIGHT AT THE BOTTOM,
YOU CAN SEE HER TITLE,
177
00:11:55,767 --> 00:11:59,700
AND THAT'S IT --
[SPEAKS FOREIGN LANGUAGE],
178
00:11:59,733 --> 00:12:02,467
WHICH MEANS A SINGER,
TEMPLE SINGER OF AMUN.
179
00:12:02,500 --> 00:12:07,100
AND THIS TELLS US FOR SURE
THAT SHE WORKED IN KARNAK.
180
00:12:07,133 --> 00:12:09,400
Narrator:
CAMPBELL THINKS PARENBAST'S ROLE
181
00:12:09,433 --> 00:12:11,433
AS A TEMPLE SINGER
WOULD'VE BEEN VERY DIFFERENT
182
00:12:11,467 --> 00:12:14,267
TO THAT OF
A CHURCH SINGER TODAY.
183
00:12:14,300 --> 00:12:18,067
WE THINK SHE WAS PART OF
A SMALL NUMBER OF WEALTHY WOMEN
184
00:12:18,067 --> 00:12:21,333
WHO WOULD GO INTO
THE INNER PARTS OF THE TEMPLE
185
00:12:21,367 --> 00:12:23,267
WHERE THE GOD'S STATUE WAS KEPT,
186
00:12:23,300 --> 00:12:27,433
AND THEY WOULD SING AND DANCE,
PERHAPS, FOR THE GODS,
187
00:12:27,467 --> 00:12:31,500
BECAUSE THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN
GODS WERE OFTEN EASILY BORED,
188
00:12:31,533 --> 00:12:34,767
SO THEY NEEDED
TO BE ENTERTAINED.
189
00:12:34,800 --> 00:12:37,167
**
190
00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:39,367
Narrator:
PARENBAST WOULD'VE SUNG SONGS
191
00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:41,900
TO THE STATUE OF AMUN-RA
EVERY DAY
192
00:12:41,933 --> 00:12:44,200
TO KEEP THE SUN GOD HAPPY,
193
00:12:44,233 --> 00:12:46,300
BUT AT KEY TIMES
IN THE CALENDAR,
194
00:12:46,333 --> 00:12:50,133
HER JOB BECAME
EVEN MORE IMPORTANT.
195
00:12:50,167 --> 00:12:53,600
PARENBAST WOULD'VE SPENT
ALL YEAR LOOKING FORWARD
196
00:12:53,633 --> 00:12:56,667
TO THE FESTIVAL OF OPET.
197
00:12:56,700 --> 00:12:59,133
WHEN THE NILE FLOODED,
THE PHARAOH CALLED
198
00:12:59,167 --> 00:13:03,267
THE WHOLE TOWN TO KARNAK
TO WORSHIP THE GODS.
199
00:13:03,300 --> 00:13:05,333
INSIDE THE TEMPLE,
THE PRIESTS DRESSED
200
00:13:05,367 --> 00:13:07,967
THE STATUE OF THE GOD AMUN-RA
201
00:13:08,067 --> 00:13:09,733
WHILE PARENBAST
AND HER COLLEAGUES
202
00:13:09,767 --> 00:13:12,600
SANG HIS PRAISES.
203
00:13:12,633 --> 00:13:15,067
THE STATUE WAS CARRIED
OUT OF THE TEMPLE.
204
00:13:15,100 --> 00:13:17,667
MUSIC FILLED THE AIR,
205
00:13:17,700 --> 00:13:22,367
AND THE CROWD SHOWERED
THE STATUE IN OFFERINGS.
206
00:13:22,400 --> 00:13:25,900
THE PARADE CONTINUED
FOR MANY DAYS.
207
00:13:25,933 --> 00:13:29,867
FINALLY, THE STATUE WAS RETURNED
TO THE TEMPLE WITH THE HOPE
208
00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:33,900
THAT THE FLOODS WOULD COME AGAIN
THE FOLLOWING YEAR.
209
00:13:33,933 --> 00:13:36,067
**
210
00:13:36,100 --> 00:13:39,400
CAMPBELL WANTS TO KNOW HOW OLD
THE MUMMIES WERE WHEN THEY DIED.
211
00:13:39,433 --> 00:13:44,100
THIS COULD REVEAL CLUES
TO THEIR SOCIAL CLASS.
212
00:13:44,133 --> 00:13:47,067
LIDIJA SHOWS HIM C.T. SCANS
OF A SIMILAR MUMMY
213
00:13:47,067 --> 00:13:48,500
SHE'S BEEN WORKING ON.
214
00:13:48,533 --> 00:13:51,400
IT SUGGESTS WOMEN LIKE
PARENBAST WERE ABLE TO REACH
215
00:13:51,433 --> 00:13:53,367
A SURPRISINGLY OLD AGE.
216
00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:58,433
SO, IN HER SPINE HERE, YOU CAN
SEE THESE LITTLE BONY SPURS.
217
00:13:58,467 --> 00:14:00,767
THEY'RE A COMMON INDICATOR
OF OSTEOARTHRITIS
218
00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:03,067
JUST BY SHEER WEAR AND TEAR
ON THE SKELETON
219
00:14:03,067 --> 00:14:04,833
AS PEOPLE GET OLDER,
WHICH INDICATE
220
00:14:04,867 --> 00:14:06,200
THAT SHE WAS PROBABLY
MIDDLE-AGED,
221
00:14:06,233 --> 00:14:08,433
SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 50 AND 60.
222
00:14:08,467 --> 00:14:10,600
Narrator: AN ORDINARY WOMAN
IN ANCIENT EGYPT
223
00:14:10,633 --> 00:14:13,833
WOULD EXPECT TO LIVE TO 30.
224
00:14:13,867 --> 00:14:16,833
FOR THE KARNAK WORKERS
TO LIVE TWICE AS LONG,
225
00:14:16,867 --> 00:14:20,433
THEY MUST'VE LIVED
A LIFE OF PURE OPULENCE,
226
00:14:20,467 --> 00:14:22,467
CUT OFF FROM THE GRIM REALITY
227
00:14:22,500 --> 00:14:26,467
OF LIFE OUTSIDE
THE HIGH TEMPLE WALLS.
228
00:14:26,500 --> 00:14:29,400
CAMPBELL BELIEVES FURTHER CLUES
TO THE SOCIAL STATUS
229
00:14:29,433 --> 00:14:34,067
OF THE TEMPLE SINGERS COULD LIE
HIDDEN INSIDE THEIR WRAPPINGS.
230
00:14:34,067 --> 00:14:38,767
SCANS OF PARENBAST'S REMAINS
SHOW STRANGE SHAPES.
231
00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:41,067
COULD THEY BE VALUABLE AMULETS,
232
00:14:41,067 --> 00:14:44,633
A SURE SIGN OF
A HIGH STATUS BURIAL?
233
00:14:44,667 --> 00:14:49,300
WE CAN SEE THERE ON
THE C.T. SCAN ARE TWO SHAPES.
234
00:14:49,333 --> 00:14:51,633
Narrator: CAMPBELL WANTS TO KNOW
WHAT THE SHAPES ARE,
235
00:14:51,667 --> 00:14:55,467
BUT THE WRAPPINGS ARE
TOO DELICATE TO DISTURB.
236
00:14:55,500 --> 00:14:59,067
INSTEAD, HE ASKS A COLLEAGUE
TO ISOLATE THE STRANGE SHAPES
237
00:14:59,067 --> 00:15:02,267
FROM THE C.T. SCANS.
238
00:15:02,300 --> 00:15:05,067
THEN HE USES SOPHISTICATED
SOFTWARE TO CREATE
239
00:15:05,067 --> 00:15:08,067
A PERFECT FACSIMILE
OF THE OBJECTS IN 3-D.
240
00:15:08,067 --> 00:15:13,433
THIS MODEL REVEALS DETAILS
UNSEEN FOR ALMOST 3,000 YEARS.
241
00:15:13,467 --> 00:15:15,667
Price:
BUT AS YOU CAN SEE,
242
00:15:15,700 --> 00:15:18,767
IT'S GOT A VERY DISTINCTIVE
HIEROGLYPH ON IT.
243
00:15:18,800 --> 00:15:21,333
IT'S THE EYE
OF THE GOD HORUS.
244
00:15:21,367 --> 00:15:23,067
AND WE KNOW
IN EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY,
245
00:15:23,067 --> 00:15:24,567
THE EYE OF HORUS
WAS BELIEVED TO BE
246
00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:27,067
A STRONG SYMBOL
OF PROTECTION.
247
00:15:27,100 --> 00:15:30,933
BY HAVING THIS SYMBOL
ON YOUR MUMMIFIED BODY,
248
00:15:30,967 --> 00:15:33,267
IT PROTECTED
THE DECEASED.
249
00:15:33,300 --> 00:15:34,633
**
250
00:15:34,667 --> 00:15:36,967
THE DISCOVERY
OF THE AMULETS
251
00:15:37,067 --> 00:15:39,400
AND THE FACT
THAT SHE WAS MUMMIFIED SUGGESTS
252
00:15:39,433 --> 00:15:41,700
THAT PARENBAST WAS
A HIGHLY VALUED MEMBER
253
00:15:41,733 --> 00:15:44,400
OF THE ELITE KARNAK SOCIETY.
254
00:15:44,433 --> 00:15:48,233
SHE WOULD'VE LIVED A LIFE
OF LUXURY AND ADULATION,
255
00:15:48,267 --> 00:15:51,467
JUST LIKE ROCK STARS TODAY,
256
00:15:51,500 --> 00:15:55,433
A LIFE UNIMAGINABLE TO THOSE
OUTSIDE THE WALLS OF THE TEMPLE.
257
00:15:55,467 --> 00:16:00,133
**
258
00:16:00,167 --> 00:16:03,767
KARNAK'S ENORMOUS HALLS
AND LABYRINTH OF CHAMBERS
259
00:16:03,800 --> 00:16:05,700
CREATED AN EXCLUSIVE WORKPLACE
260
00:16:05,733 --> 00:16:09,667
UNLIKE ANYTHING THE WORLD
HAD SEEN BEFORE.
261
00:16:09,700 --> 00:16:15,800
BUT HOW AND WHY DID THIS TEMPLE
REACH SUCH AN EPIC SCALE?
262
00:16:15,833 --> 00:16:20,500
COULD EVIDENCE UNEARTHED AT THIS
ANCIENT QUARRY OFFER CLUES?
263
00:16:28,100 --> 00:16:32,233
**
264
00:16:32,267 --> 00:16:35,200
Narrator: THE MIGHTY TEMPLE
COMPLEX AT KARNAK
265
00:16:35,233 --> 00:16:39,067
WASN'T JUST DESIGNED
WITH HUMANS IN MIND.
266
00:16:39,067 --> 00:16:43,067
THE EGYPTIANS HOPED TO CREATE
EARTHLY MANSIONS FOR THE GODS,
267
00:16:43,100 --> 00:16:45,967
PLACES THE IMMORTALS
WOULD BE HAPPY TO RELAX IN
268
00:16:46,067 --> 00:16:48,767
WHEN THEY VISITED THE EARTH.
269
00:16:48,800 --> 00:16:52,833
BUT HOW CAN YOU CREATE A HOUSE
WORTHY OF A PASSING DEITY?
270
00:16:52,867 --> 00:16:57,233
**
271
00:16:57,267 --> 00:17:00,933
KARNAK'S BIGGEST TEMPLE NEEDED
AN EQUALLY LARGE ROOF
272
00:17:00,967 --> 00:17:08,367
TO PROTECT THE GODS
FROM THE BEATING MID-DAY SUN.
273
00:17:08,400 --> 00:17:11,967
ENORMOUS BEAMS WERE NEEDED
TO SPAN THE VAST DISTANCES
274
00:17:12,067 --> 00:17:14,367
BETWEEN THE COLUMNS
275
00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:20,867
AND SUPPORT HUNDREDS
OF SOLID STONE CROSS STRUTS.
276
00:17:20,900 --> 00:17:23,600
IN THE CENTRAL AISLE,
EVEN LARGER BLOCKS
277
00:17:23,633 --> 00:17:26,700
WERE USED TO BRIDGE THE GAP.
278
00:17:26,733 --> 00:17:30,067
THESE BEAMS WERE THE KEY
TO CREATING A MONUMENTAL FEAT
279
00:17:30,067 --> 00:17:31,933
OF ANCIENT ENGINEERING
280
00:17:31,967 --> 00:17:34,833
THAT PLUNGED THE MASSIVE HALL
INTO DARKNESS
281
00:17:34,867 --> 00:17:36,967
FIT FOR A RESTING GOD.
282
00:17:41,133 --> 00:17:45,600
BUT THE ROYAL BUILDERS FACED
AN IMMENSE CHALLENGE.
283
00:17:45,633 --> 00:17:47,967
THE LOCAL LIMESTONE,
284
00:17:48,067 --> 00:17:50,800
SIMILAR TO THE ROCK USED
TO BUILD THE PYRAMIDS,
285
00:17:50,833 --> 00:17:53,133
WOULD SNAP UNDER ITS OWN WEIGHT
286
00:17:53,167 --> 00:17:57,467
WHEN BALANCED
BETWEEN THE COLUMNS.
287
00:17:57,500 --> 00:18:00,867
THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS NEEDED
A MUCH STRONGER MATERIAL
288
00:18:00,900 --> 00:18:03,567
TO BUILD THIS VAST ROOF.
289
00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:08,100
BUT WHERE TO FIND IT?
290
00:18:08,133 --> 00:18:10,233
ARCHAEOLOGIST
MARIA NILSSON BELIEVES
291
00:18:10,267 --> 00:18:14,700
THE ANSWER LIES 100 MILES SOUTH
ALONG THE RIVER NILE
292
00:18:14,733 --> 00:18:17,067
AT A REMOTE QUARRY
CALLED SILSILA,
293
00:18:17,100 --> 00:18:19,867
FAMED FOR ITS SUPER
TOUGH SANDSTONE.
294
00:18:19,900 --> 00:18:22,533
**
295
00:18:22,567 --> 00:18:26,233
SHE'S UNCOVERED ANCIENT GRAFFITI
HERE THAT SEEMS TO REFERENCE
296
00:18:26,267 --> 00:18:28,833
A MASSIVE ANCIENT
QUARRYING OPERATION
297
00:18:28,867 --> 00:18:31,800
AROUND THE TIME
KARNAK WAS BUILT.
298
00:18:31,833 --> 00:18:34,233
WE GOT THESE FIGURES.
THEY ARE THE MASONS.
299
00:18:34,267 --> 00:18:36,900
SO, THEY'RE ACTUALLY
CHISELING OUT THE BLOCK
300
00:18:36,933 --> 00:18:39,400
THAT COMES FROM THE MOUNTAIN.
301
00:18:39,433 --> 00:18:42,667
FURTHER DOWN, THEY'RE
CONTROLLED BY THE OVERSEER
302
00:18:42,700 --> 00:18:44,267
WHO'S STANDING HERE
WITH A WHIP,
303
00:18:44,300 --> 00:18:47,533
MAKING SURE THAT THE WORK IS
BEING DONE PROPERLY.
304
00:18:47,567 --> 00:18:52,067
Narrator:
MARIA SUSPECTS THE DISCOVERY
OF SANDSTONE IN THIS QUARRY
305
00:18:52,100 --> 00:18:55,967
WAS A TURNING POINT
FOR THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS.
306
00:18:56,067 --> 00:18:58,500
FOR THE FIRST TIME,
THEY WERE ABLE TO BUILD
307
00:18:58,533 --> 00:19:03,400
BIGGER, TALLER, WIDER-ROOFED
STRUCTURES WORTHY OF THE GODS
308
00:19:03,433 --> 00:19:06,600
THEY WERE SO EAGER TO PLEASE.
309
00:19:06,633 --> 00:19:09,100
Nilsson: WE BELIEVE THAT,
DURING THE NEW KINGDOM,
310
00:19:09,133 --> 00:19:12,100
SILSILA WAS CONSIDERED
SO IMPORTANT,
311
00:19:12,133 --> 00:19:14,633
AND WE HAVE PHARAOHS WHO COME,
312
00:19:14,667 --> 00:19:18,700
AND THEY WRITE THEIR NAMES,
COMMEMORATING THE EVENTS.
313
00:19:18,733 --> 00:19:23,700
Narrator:
THE PHARAOHS COULDN'T GET ENOUGH
OF THIS NEW, STRONGER MATERIAL.
314
00:19:23,733 --> 00:19:25,067
IT ALLOWED THEM TO BUILD
315
00:19:25,100 --> 00:19:30,067
EVER MORE ELABORATE-ROOFED
STRUCTURES.
316
00:19:30,067 --> 00:19:31,800
Nilsson: THE DEEPER THEY GOT
INTO THE MOUNTAIN,
317
00:19:31,833 --> 00:19:34,567
THE STRONGER THE BLOCKS
WOULD'VE BEEN,
318
00:19:34,600 --> 00:19:38,867
AND THAT'S WHAT
THEY WERE ALL AFTER.
319
00:19:38,900 --> 00:19:41,333
Narrator:
BUT HOW DID THE EGYPTIAN MASONS
320
00:19:41,367 --> 00:19:44,067
GET THESE MASSIVE BLOCKS
OUT OF THE MOUNTAIN
321
00:19:44,067 --> 00:19:48,333
AND 100 MILES BACK TO KARNAK?
322
00:19:48,367 --> 00:19:50,833
MARIA'S RESEARCH PARTNER,
JOHN WARD,
323
00:19:50,867 --> 00:19:53,400
THINKS THE CHANCE
DISCOVERY OF THIS CRACKED,
324
00:19:53,433 --> 00:19:57,200
ABANDONED BEAM
OFFERS VITAL CLUES.
325
00:19:57,233 --> 00:20:01,600
HERE WE ARE IN THE MOTHER
OF ALL QUARRIES AT SILSILA,
326
00:20:01,633 --> 00:20:04,800
AND WE'RE CONFRONTED
BY THIS HUGE LINTEL,
327
00:20:04,833 --> 00:20:07,267
WHICH WOULD'VE BEEN
A ROOF LINTEL
328
00:20:07,300 --> 00:20:09,000
OR SOME KIND OF ARCHITRAVE,
329
00:20:09,033 --> 00:20:10,233
BUT IT'S LOAD-BEARING.
330
00:20:10,267 --> 00:20:12,333
YOU CAN SEE THE SIZE OF IT.
331
00:20:12,367 --> 00:20:17,033
Narrator:
JOHN INVESTIGATES THE ROCK FACE
BEHIND THIS FORGOTTEN GIANT.
332
00:20:17,067 --> 00:20:19,100
HE LOOKS FOR CLUES
TO HOW THE EGYPTIANS
333
00:20:19,133 --> 00:20:21,533
WORKED THEIR PRIZED NEW STONE.
334
00:20:21,567 --> 00:20:25,900
DOWN IN HERE, YOU WOULD'VE HAD
THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN QUARRYMAN
335
00:20:25,933 --> 00:20:29,567
CHIP-CHIP-CHIPPING AWAY
WITH HIS MALLET AND HIS CHISEL.
336
00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:31,133
AND AS WE CAN SEE ON THE WALL,
337
00:20:31,167 --> 00:20:33,267
WE'VE GOT THE CHISEL MARKS
STILL IN SITU,
338
00:20:33,300 --> 00:20:34,500
ONE STROKE GOING DOWN,
339
00:20:34,533 --> 00:20:36,433
STOP, ANOTHER STROKE
GOING DOWN,
340
00:20:36,467 --> 00:20:39,967
STOP AND THEN ANOTHER
STROKE GOING DOWN, STOP.
341
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:43,300
Narrator: THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS
USED BRONZE TOOLS
342
00:20:43,333 --> 00:20:46,700
TO CARVE OUT
THE SIDES OF EACH BLOCK.
343
00:20:46,733 --> 00:20:50,467
THEN THEY HAMMERED METAL WEDGES
UNDERNEATH THE HUGE LINTELS
344
00:20:50,500 --> 00:20:53,733
TO PRY THE STONES FREE.
345
00:20:53,767 --> 00:20:57,767
JOHN SUSPECTS THE QUARRY WORKERS
THEN MOVED THE BEAMS BY HAND
346
00:20:57,800 --> 00:21:00,267
TO RIVERBOATS BOUND FOR KARNAK.
347
00:21:00,300 --> 00:21:03,467
**
348
00:21:03,500 --> 00:21:07,833
THE FEAT OF ENGINEERING HERE IS
JUST ASTRONOMICAL TO THINK
349
00:21:07,867 --> 00:21:10,467
THAT THIS HUGE LINTEL WAS LIFTED
350
00:21:10,500 --> 00:21:13,133
BY MAN ONTO A SLEDGE,
351
00:21:13,167 --> 00:21:15,633
TAKEN DOWN THE MAN-MADE RAMP
352
00:21:15,667 --> 00:21:19,167
TO THE AWAITING BARGES
ON THE NILE.
353
00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:22,633
Narrator: JOHN AND HIS TEAM
ARE DIGGING FOR EVIDENCE
354
00:21:22,667 --> 00:21:25,967
THAT THE EGYPTIANS CONSTRUCTED
AN EXTENSIVE ROAD NETWORK
355
00:21:26,067 --> 00:21:28,933
TO HELP THE QUARRYMEN
PULL THE HUGE ROOF BEAMS
356
00:21:28,967 --> 00:21:31,067
OUT OF THE QUARRY.
357
00:21:31,067 --> 00:21:33,633
WE'RE ACTUALLY DEFINING
THE ROAD, AS YOU CAN SEE,
358
00:21:33,667 --> 00:21:36,600
COMING ALL THE WAY UP
TO WHERE WE'RE STANDING NOW,
359
00:21:36,633 --> 00:21:38,333
AND THIS ALLOWED
THE QUARRY BLOCKS
360
00:21:38,367 --> 00:21:39,633
TO BE TAKEN DOWN TO THE NILE
361
00:21:39,667 --> 00:21:43,067
AND THE AWAITING RAFTS
TO KARNAK TEMPLE.
362
00:21:43,067 --> 00:21:46,433
Narrator: ONCE THE GIANT BEAMS
ARRIVED AT KARNAK,
363
00:21:46,467 --> 00:21:50,400
THE CONSTRUCTION TEAM
FACED AN EVEN GREATER CHALLENGE.
364
00:21:50,433 --> 00:21:54,567
THEY NEEDED TO RAISE THE BEAMS
70 FEET INTO THE AIR.
365
00:21:54,600 --> 00:21:57,067
**
366
00:21:57,100 --> 00:22:01,267
FIRST, THE EGYPTIANS BUILT
THE COLUMNS LAYER BY LAYER,
367
00:22:01,300 --> 00:22:03,833
PLACING ROUGH BLOCKS
IN A CHECKERBOARD PATTERN
368
00:22:03,867 --> 00:22:05,200
ACROSS THE HALL.
369
00:22:07,667 --> 00:22:11,700
THEN THEY FILLED
THE ENTIRE AREA WITH DIRT
370
00:22:11,733 --> 00:22:13,967
AND THEN DRAGGED
ANOTHER LAYER OF BLOCKS
371
00:22:14,067 --> 00:22:18,900
INTO PLACE FOR 20 LAYERS.
372
00:22:18,933 --> 00:22:20,867
WHEN ALL THE BLOCKS
WERE POSITIONED,
373
00:22:20,900 --> 00:22:24,067
THE MAMMOTH ROOF BEAMS
WERE CAREFULLY PLACED ON TOP
374
00:22:24,100 --> 00:22:29,367
OF THE SOLID MASS OF SOIL
70 FEET HIGH.
375
00:22:29,400 --> 00:22:33,100
FINALLY, THE DIRT WAS REMOVED,
AND THE PILLARS
376
00:22:33,133 --> 00:22:36,133
WERE CARVED SMOOTH
TO CREATE THE LARGEST
377
00:22:36,167 --> 00:22:39,333
COVERED SPACE
IN ANCIENT EGYPT.
378
00:22:39,367 --> 00:22:43,067
**
379
00:22:43,100 --> 00:22:47,100
SANDSTONE BLOCKS ALLOWED
ONE PHARAOH TO CONSTRUCT
380
00:22:47,133 --> 00:22:50,833
A HALL BIG ENOUGH
TO BE WORTHY OF THE GODS,
381
00:22:50,867 --> 00:22:52,300
BUT WHO WAS IT?
382
00:22:52,333 --> 00:22:54,333
WHO TOOK THE ADULATION
FOR BUILDING
383
00:22:54,367 --> 00:22:57,633
THE INCREDIBLE HYPOSTYLE HALL?
384
00:22:57,667 --> 00:23:01,400
SURPRISINGLY, FOR A SITE COVERED
IN THE NAMES OF PHARAOHS,
385
00:23:01,433 --> 00:23:06,233
THE ARCHITECT OF THE HYPOSTYLE
HALL IS HOTLY DEBATED.
386
00:23:06,267 --> 00:23:10,133
IS NEW TECHNOLOGY ABOUT
TO REVEAL AN INCREDIBLE STORY
387
00:23:10,167 --> 00:23:12,533
OF STOLEN IDENTITY?
388
00:23:20,367 --> 00:23:23,700
**
389
00:23:23,733 --> 00:23:25,567
Narrator: KARNAK --
390
00:23:25,600 --> 00:23:27,700
THE RELIGIOUS
AND POLITICAL POWERHOUSE
391
00:23:27,733 --> 00:23:31,433
OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN EMPIRE.
392
00:23:31,467 --> 00:23:34,100
MANY PHARAOHS
BUILT TEMPLES HERE,
393
00:23:34,133 --> 00:23:35,833
MARKING THE STONE
WITH THEIR NAME
394
00:23:35,867 --> 00:23:38,633
TO PROCLAIM THEIR POWER.
395
00:23:38,667 --> 00:23:43,167
BUT NOT ALL THESE BOASTFUL MARKS
ARE QUITE WHAT THEY SEEM.
396
00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:48,167
EGYPTOLOGIST ERIKA FELEG
HAS SPENT 7 YEARS
397
00:23:48,200 --> 00:23:51,267
STUDYING THE ENORMOUS
HYPOSTYLE HALL.
398
00:23:51,300 --> 00:23:53,467
SHE'S LOOKING FOR CLUES
TO THE ARCHITECT
399
00:23:53,500 --> 00:23:56,267
OF THE LARGEST TEMPLE ON SITE.
400
00:23:56,300 --> 00:23:57,933
I LOVE A DETECTIVE STORY.
401
00:23:57,967 --> 00:24:00,833
I LOVE FIGURING OUT
WHAT HAPPENED TO THIS COLUMN
402
00:24:00,867 --> 00:24:05,100
BEFORE IT ENDED UP
LOOKING LIKE IT DOES TODAY.
403
00:24:05,133 --> 00:24:07,900
Narrator: INCREDIBLY,
HER SEEMINGLY SIMPLE TASK
404
00:24:07,933 --> 00:24:10,733
OF IDENTIFYING
WHO BUILT THIS MASSIVE TEMPLE
405
00:24:10,767 --> 00:24:12,900
HAS UNCOVERED
A REMARKABLE STORY
406
00:24:12,933 --> 00:24:16,067
OF HIGH POLITICS
AND ROYAL VANITY.
407
00:24:16,100 --> 00:24:19,433
**
408
00:24:19,467 --> 00:24:23,067
THE HYPOSTYLE HALL IS
A GALLERY OF ANCIENT ARTWORK.
409
00:24:25,333 --> 00:24:30,933
ALL 134 COLUMNS WERE ONCE
ADORNED WITH INSCRIPTIONS
410
00:24:30,967 --> 00:24:33,300
FROM TOP TO BOTTOM.
411
00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:40,667
EVERY INCH OF STONE
TOLD A STORY IN VIVID COLOR.
412
00:24:40,700 --> 00:24:45,367
THE MARKINGS BOAST OF
THE GOD-LIKE STATUS OF ONE MAN,
413
00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:50,900
A PHARAOH WHOSE SYMBOL ADORNS
THE COLUMNS AT EVERY ANGLE.
414
00:24:50,933 --> 00:24:54,200
PLASTERED ALL ALONG
THE MAIN AVENUE
415
00:24:54,233 --> 00:24:57,233
IS THE MARK
OF RAMSES THE SECOND.
416
00:25:02,500 --> 00:25:06,667
RAMSES THE SECOND IS
NICKNAMED "THE BUILDER."
417
00:25:06,700 --> 00:25:10,667
THIS POWERFUL PHARAOH REPORTEDLY
CONSTRUCTED MORE MAJOR BUILDINGS
418
00:25:10,700 --> 00:25:15,433
AND STATUES IN EGYPT
THAN ANY OTHER KING.
419
00:25:15,467 --> 00:25:18,900
BUT ALTHOUGH HIS MARK COVERS
THE HYPOSTYLE HALL,
420
00:25:18,933 --> 00:25:21,867
ERIKA SUSPECTS THAT RAMSES
COULD BE TAKING CREDIT
421
00:25:21,900 --> 00:25:24,533
FOR THE WORK
OF ONE OF HIS PREDECESSORS.
422
00:25:24,567 --> 00:25:29,133
TODAY, SHE USES NEW TECHNOLOGY
TO RECORD THE CARVINGS
423
00:25:29,167 --> 00:25:32,333
AND SEARCH FOR CLUES.
424
00:25:32,367 --> 00:25:35,500
THIS IS A TASK THAT PREVIOUS
GENERATIONS OF ARCHAEOLOGISTS
425
00:25:35,533 --> 00:25:38,067
WERE UNABLE TO PULL OFF.
426
00:25:38,067 --> 00:25:40,667
Feleg: THE COLUMNS HAVE NEVER
BEEN RECORDED IN DETAIL,
427
00:25:40,700 --> 00:25:43,933
AND THAT'S MOSTLY BECAUSE
OF THEIR ENORMOUS SIZE.
428
00:25:43,967 --> 00:25:46,067
TRADITIONAL
METHODS WOULD INVOLVE
429
00:25:46,067 --> 00:25:48,900
USING TRANSPARENT PLASTIC SHEETS
430
00:25:48,933 --> 00:25:53,067
TO TRACE OVER THE FIGURES.
431
00:25:53,067 --> 00:25:56,600
BECAUSE OF THE HEAT,
THE LIGHT, AND THE GRAVITY,
432
00:25:56,633 --> 00:25:59,067
ALL THAT PLASTIC SHEETING
WOULD HAVE SAGGED,
433
00:25:59,067 --> 00:26:02,467
SO WE WOULD'VE
HAD DISTORTIONS.
434
00:26:02,500 --> 00:26:04,767
Narrator:
INSTEAD OF TRACING THE IMAGES,
435
00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:08,400
ERIKA USES PHOTOGRAPHY
AND SPECIAL SOFTWARE
436
00:26:08,433 --> 00:26:13,900
TO REVEAL THE SMALLEST DETAILS
HIDDEN INSIDE THE CARVINGS.
437
00:26:13,933 --> 00:26:17,833
SHE DIRECTS PHOTOGRAPHER
OWEN MURRAY TO TAKE THE IMAGES.
438
00:26:17,867 --> 00:26:20,233
Murray: I AM PHOTOGRAPHING
THESE COLUMNS,
439
00:26:20,267 --> 00:26:22,267
TRYING TO GET AS HIGH-DEFINITION
440
00:26:22,300 --> 00:26:25,800
AND HIGH-FIDELITY
AN IMAGE AS POSSIBLE.
441
00:26:25,833 --> 00:26:29,067
THE MAJOR CHALLENGES THAT
WE'RE FACING WITH THESE COLUMNS
442
00:26:29,067 --> 00:26:32,567
ARE HEIGHT
AND CONSISTENCY OF LIGHT.
443
00:26:32,600 --> 00:26:36,267
Narrator: THE MARKS ERIKA HOPES
TO SEE ARE SO FAINT,
444
00:26:36,300 --> 00:26:37,933
THEY CAN ONLY BE PHOTOGRAPHED
445
00:26:37,967 --> 00:26:41,400
IN VERY PRECISE
SHADED LIGHTING.
446
00:26:41,433 --> 00:26:46,067
THIS GIVES OWEN ONLY A SMALL
WINDOW TO WORK EACH DAY.
447
00:26:46,100 --> 00:26:48,700
WE'RE DEALING WITH THE POSITION
OF THE SUN
448
00:26:48,733 --> 00:26:50,867
AS IT MOVES
THROUGHOUT THE DAY
449
00:26:50,900 --> 00:26:54,067
AND TRYING TO KEEP CONSISTENT
WITH THE QUALITY OF PHOTOGRAPH,
450
00:26:54,100 --> 00:26:56,267
AND THAT HAS BEEN ONE
OF THE BIGGER CHALLENGES.
451
00:26:56,300 --> 00:26:57,600
UP UNTIL THIS POINT,
452
00:26:57,633 --> 00:26:59,700
WE'VE HAVEN'T REALLY
BEEN ABLE TO DO THAT.
453
00:26:59,733 --> 00:27:02,967
Narrator: OWEN TAKES HUNDREDS
OF PHOTOS OF THE SHADED COLUMN
454
00:27:03,067 --> 00:27:05,967
WITH AN OVERHEAD LIGHT.
455
00:27:06,067 --> 00:27:08,967
THIS TECHNIQUE HELPS HIM
TO CAPTURE EVERY DETAIL
456
00:27:09,067 --> 00:27:11,700
OF THE CARVED STONE SURFACE.
457
00:27:11,733 --> 00:27:14,500
ERIKA THEN USES
ADVANCED 3-D MODELING
458
00:27:14,533 --> 00:27:17,067
TO STITCH OWEN'S PHOTOGRAPHS
TOGETHER.
459
00:27:17,100 --> 00:27:21,900
SHE THEN UNROLLS THE CURVES
INTO A SINGLE FLAT IMAGE.
460
00:27:21,933 --> 00:27:25,367
NOW SHE CAN CAREFULLY
ANALYZE THE STONE SURFACE,
461
00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:28,767
HUNTING FOR THE REMAINS
OF OLD INSCRIPTIONS SCRUBBED OUT
462
00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:33,533
AND RECARVED WITH
THE NAME OF RAMSES.
463
00:27:33,567 --> 00:27:36,433
THERE ARE TIMES WHEN
WE'LL TAKE A PHOTO,
464
00:27:36,467 --> 00:27:39,167
AND IT'S ONLY AFTER TWO WEEKS
ONCE WE'VE PROCESSED IT
465
00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:41,733
OR PLAY WITH THEIR LIGHTING
THAT WE REALIZE,
466
00:27:41,767 --> 00:27:43,633
"OH, WE ACTUALLY
CAPTURED SOMETHING
467
00:27:43,667 --> 00:27:46,800
THAT LOOKS LIKE
A RECARVED INSCRIPTION."
468
00:27:46,833 --> 00:27:49,367
IF YOU LOOK CLOSELY,
YOU CAN SEE TRACES
469
00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:51,267
OF WHAT USED TO BE THE OUTLINES
470
00:27:51,300 --> 00:27:52,567
OF SOME OF THE HIEROGLYPHS
471
00:27:52,600 --> 00:27:55,700
THAT WERE PART OF THAT
INITIAL DECORATION.
472
00:27:55,733 --> 00:27:58,667
Narrator: ERIKA BELIEVES
THESE FAINT SCRATCHES,
473
00:27:58,700 --> 00:28:00,900
HIDDEN BENEATH
THE MAIN INSCRIPTION,
474
00:28:00,933 --> 00:28:05,233
ARE THE SCRUBBED-OUT REMAINS
OF ANOTHER PHARAOH'S MARK.
475
00:28:05,267 --> 00:28:08,433
ONCE ERIKA IDENTIFIES
THE OVERWRITTEN TEXT,
476
00:28:08,467 --> 00:28:11,400
SHE CHECKS IT OUT IN REAL LIFE.
477
00:28:11,433 --> 00:28:13,933
SHE USES MIRRORS
TO MANIPULATE THE DAYLIGHT
478
00:28:13,967 --> 00:28:16,733
TO HELP THE FAINT
CARVED LINES STAND OUT.
479
00:28:16,767 --> 00:28:19,467
Feleg: SO, THE TWO LARGE OVALS
YOU CAN SEE
480
00:28:19,500 --> 00:28:22,400
CONTAIN THE NAMES
OF RAMSES THE SECOND,
481
00:28:22,433 --> 00:28:24,333
AND BEHIND THEM,
YOU CAN STILL SEE
482
00:28:24,367 --> 00:28:28,333
THE OUTLINE TRACES
OF SETI THE FIRST.
483
00:28:28,367 --> 00:28:31,567
Narrator:
AT KEY POINTS IN THE HALL,
ESPECIALLY ALONG THE GRANDEST
484
00:28:31,600 --> 00:28:34,067
AND MOST VISIBLE
CENTRAL WALKWAY,
485
00:28:34,100 --> 00:28:38,233
RAMSES' NAME OVERRIDES
THAT OF HIS OWN FATHER,
486
00:28:38,267 --> 00:28:40,333
PHARAOH SETI THE FIRST.
487
00:28:43,067 --> 00:28:48,433
AND YOU CAN STILL THE FAINT
TRACES TOWARDS THE LEFT SIDE
488
00:28:48,467 --> 00:28:51,167
OF THE RAMSES THE SECOND.
489
00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:55,600
Narrator:
RAMSES WAS DESPERATE TO REPLACE
HIS FATHER'S NAME WITH HIS OWN,
490
00:28:55,633 --> 00:28:58,600
BUT THE OLD PHARAOH
HAD MADE HIS SON'S DECEPTION
491
00:28:58,633 --> 00:29:00,967
ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO PULL OFF.
492
00:29:01,067 --> 00:29:04,667
**
493
00:29:04,700 --> 00:29:08,433
RAMSES' FATHER WAS
AN ART CONNOISSEUR.
494
00:29:08,467 --> 00:29:11,533
HIS CARVINGS WERE ELABORATE
WITH DEEP OUTLINES
495
00:29:11,567 --> 00:29:13,467
AND RAISED FIGURES.
496
00:29:13,500 --> 00:29:16,667
SO, WHEN SETI DIED
AND RAMSES TOOK THE THRONE,
497
00:29:16,700 --> 00:29:19,567
THE NEW PHARAOH
FACED AN UPHILL TASK
498
00:29:19,600 --> 00:29:22,767
TO ERASE THE MEMORY
OF HIS PREDECESSOR.
499
00:29:22,800 --> 00:29:26,300
RAMSES ERECTED SCAFFOLDING
AROUND THE PILLARS.
500
00:29:26,333 --> 00:29:28,867
HE CHOPPED
THE RAISED IMAGES OFF,
501
00:29:28,900 --> 00:29:32,433
BUT HE STILL COULDN'T GET RID
OF THE DEEP OUTLINES.
502
00:29:32,467 --> 00:29:34,500
IN HIS HASTE,
HE SCRAPED HIS NAME
503
00:29:34,533 --> 00:29:38,067
ON TOP IN SIMPLE
SUNK-RELIEF CARVINGS.
504
00:29:38,100 --> 00:29:41,533
FINALLY, HE USED A THIN LAYER
OF PLASTER TO CONCEAL
505
00:29:41,567 --> 00:29:43,167
THE FAINT TRACES
OF HIS FATHER,
506
00:29:43,200 --> 00:29:47,200
WHICH THE WEATHERING OF TIME
HAS ONLY NOW REVEALED.
507
00:29:47,233 --> 00:29:49,200
**
508
00:29:49,233 --> 00:29:51,267
RAMSES PROCLAIMED HIS POWER
509
00:29:51,300 --> 00:29:54,733
BY CLAIMING THE HYPOSTYLE
HALL FOR HIS OWN.
510
00:29:54,767 --> 00:29:56,867
BUT SURPRISINGLY,
THIS TOWERING STRUCTURE
511
00:29:56,900 --> 00:29:59,867
ISN'T THE TALLEST MONUMENT
ON SITE.
512
00:29:59,900 --> 00:30:03,000
THAT PRIZE GOES
TO THE NEARBY OBELISKS.
513
00:30:03,033 --> 00:30:06,967
HOW WERE THESE COLOSSAL
SINGLE CARVINGS MADE?
514
00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:09,700
AND HOW DID THE EGYPTIANS
GET THEM HERE?
515
00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:24,833
**
516
00:30:24,867 --> 00:30:26,967
Narrator:
KARNAK'S GIANT OBELISKS
517
00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:31,433
ARE ONE OF THE GREATEST MARVELS
OF THE ANCIENT WORLD.
518
00:30:31,467 --> 00:30:33,933
THESE MASSIVE,
SINGLE PIECES OF ROCK
519
00:30:33,967 --> 00:30:37,467
HAVE PUZZLED ARCHAEOLOGISTS
FOR YEARS.
520
00:30:37,500 --> 00:30:38,967
THAT'S BECAUSE THEY'RE CARVED
521
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:42,967
FROM ONE OF THE HARDEST ROCKS
ON EARTH, GRANITE.
522
00:30:53,367 --> 00:30:56,933
HOW DID THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS
WORK THIS TOUGHEST OF MATERIALS
523
00:30:56,967 --> 00:30:59,100
WITH ONLY PRIMITIVE TOOLS?
524
00:30:59,133 --> 00:31:02,133
**
525
00:31:02,167 --> 00:31:06,400
ALTHOUGH ONLY TWO STILL
STAND TODAY, AT ITS PRIME,
526
00:31:06,433 --> 00:31:11,133
KARNAK BOASTED
13 COLOSSAL OBELISKS.
527
00:31:11,167 --> 00:31:16,067
SIX DOMINATED THE CENTER OF
THE TEMPLE AT THE FESTIVAL HALL.
528
00:31:16,067 --> 00:31:19,800
THE TALLEST TOWERED
100 FEET HIGH,
529
00:31:19,833 --> 00:31:22,733
AND ALL WERE MADE
FROM SUPER-TOUGH GRANITE
530
00:31:22,767 --> 00:31:26,067
TO STOP THEM FROM SNAPPING.
531
00:31:26,067 --> 00:31:28,900
THE TIPS WERE PAINTED
WITH GLIMMERING GOLD
532
00:31:28,933 --> 00:31:31,300
TO REFLECT THE SUN'S RAYS.
533
00:31:33,333 --> 00:31:35,533
ENGRAVINGS BOAST
THEY WERE CARVED
534
00:31:35,567 --> 00:31:39,867
IN JUST SEVEN MONTHS, BUT HOW?
535
00:31:39,900 --> 00:31:44,733
**
536
00:31:44,767 --> 00:31:47,067
ADEL KELANY HAS SPENT HIS CAREER
537
00:31:47,067 --> 00:31:50,533
UNEARTHING THE SECRETS
OF EGYPTIAN STONE MASONS.
538
00:31:52,833 --> 00:31:54,800
HE'S CONVINCED THAT
THE METAL CHISELS
539
00:31:54,833 --> 00:31:57,267
USED TO BUILD LIMESTONE PYRAMIDS
540
00:31:57,300 --> 00:32:00,367
AND SANDSTONE TEMPLES
WOULD'VE HAD LITTLE EFFECT
541
00:32:00,400 --> 00:32:03,333
ON THE TOUGH GRANITE USED
TO BUILD THE OBELISKS.
542
00:32:05,433 --> 00:32:09,067
TODAY, HE EXAMINES
A HALF-EXTRACTED OBELISK,
543
00:32:09,067 --> 00:32:11,133
MOST LIKELY ABANDONED
BY THE EGYPTIANS
544
00:32:11,167 --> 00:32:13,333
WHEN THE MASSIVE BLOCK SPLIT.
545
00:32:25,367 --> 00:32:27,933
Narrator: ADEL FIRST EXAMINES
THE SURFACE OF THE STONE
546
00:32:27,967 --> 00:32:29,867
FOR TELL-TALE MARKS,
547
00:32:29,900 --> 00:32:34,633
BUT THE DENTS HE FINDS
ARE HARD TO INTERPRET.
548
00:32:34,667 --> 00:32:37,467
NEXT, HE LOOKS IN THE DIRT
UNDER THE STONE
549
00:32:37,500 --> 00:32:40,233
AND UNCOVERS
SOMETHING SURPRISING.
550
00:32:54,933 --> 00:32:57,800
THE SURPRISE DISCOVERY
OF CHARCOAL SUGGESTS
551
00:32:57,833 --> 00:32:59,733
THAT FIRE MAY HAVE
PLAYED SOME PART
552
00:32:59,767 --> 00:33:04,067
IN THE EXTRACTION
OF THE GIANT BLOCKS.
553
00:33:04,067 --> 00:33:06,967
TO TEST THE THEORY, ADEL LIGHTS
A SERIES OF FIRES
554
00:33:07,067 --> 00:33:09,133
ON TOP OF A NEARBY OUTCROP.
555
00:33:09,167 --> 00:33:12,800
HE WANTS TO SEE IF HEATING
AND THEN QUENCHING THE HARD ROCK
556
00:33:12,833 --> 00:33:14,767
MAKES IT EASIER TO WORK.
557
00:33:24,567 --> 00:33:27,367
THE TEAM KEEPS A CLOSE EYE
ON THE TEMPERATURE
558
00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:29,700
WHILE CHECKING
FOR ANY SIGNS OF WEAKNESS.
559
00:33:29,733 --> 00:33:32,100
[ SPEAKING
FOREIGN LANGUAGE ]
560
00:33:53,133 --> 00:33:55,800
THE TEAM QUENCHES
THE FIRE WITH WATER.
561
00:34:00,433 --> 00:34:02,300
WOW.
562
00:34:14,700 --> 00:34:18,767
TO TEST IF THE FIRE HAS MADE
THE HARD ROCK EASIER TO WORK,
563
00:34:18,800 --> 00:34:23,333
ADEL INSTRUCTS ONE TEAM
TO POUND THE HEATED ROCK.
564
00:34:23,367 --> 00:34:25,900
FOR COMPARISON,
HE GETS ANOTHER TO POUND
565
00:34:25,933 --> 00:34:29,600
ON THE UNTREATED SURFACE.
566
00:34:29,633 --> 00:34:31,800
BOTH HAMMER FOR 9 MINUTES.
567
00:34:31,833 --> 00:34:34,633
THEN ADEL EXAMINES THE RESULTS.
568
00:34:52,067 --> 00:34:55,900
THE HEAT-TREATED HOLE
IS NEARLY 2 INCHES DEEP,
569
00:34:55,933 --> 00:34:58,533
SEEMINGLY 10 TIMES QUICKER
TO WORK THROUGH
570
00:34:58,567 --> 00:35:00,800
THAN THE UNTREATED ROCK,
571
00:35:00,833 --> 00:35:03,267
A STUNNING RESULT.
572
00:35:03,300 --> 00:35:06,700
IT'S EARLY DAYS, BUT ADEL
BELIEVES FIRE WAS THE KEY
573
00:35:06,733 --> 00:35:09,900
TO BUILDING KARNAK'S
GRANITE OBELISKS.
574
00:35:09,933 --> 00:35:15,067
BUT HOW DID THEY TRANSPORT THESE
450-TON MONOLITHS TO KARNAK?
575
00:35:15,100 --> 00:35:17,267
**
576
00:35:17,300 --> 00:35:20,067
HISTORIANS BELIEVE
THE EGYPTIANS DUG CANALS
577
00:35:20,100 --> 00:35:21,833
DEEP INTO THE LANDSCAPE
578
00:35:21,867 --> 00:35:25,267
SO WATER FROM THE NILE
WOULD FLOW TOWARDS THE QUARRIES.
579
00:35:25,300 --> 00:35:28,367
THE OBELISK WAS SUSPENDED
OVER THE WATER.
580
00:35:28,400 --> 00:35:32,167
THEN A BOAT WAS WEIGHED DOWN
WITH TONS OF STONE
581
00:35:32,200 --> 00:35:34,067
SO THAT WHEN IT WAS EMPTIED,
582
00:35:34,067 --> 00:35:36,200
IT WOULD PICK UP THE OBELISK
583
00:35:36,233 --> 00:35:40,067
AND CARRY IT DOWN
THE NILE TO KARNAK.
584
00:35:40,067 --> 00:35:42,833
AT KARNAK, HUNDREDS
OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
585
00:35:42,867 --> 00:35:46,100
THEN GRADUALLY DUG AWAY
THE EARTH WITH GREAT PRECISION
586
00:35:46,133 --> 00:35:49,400
TO TILT THE GIANT
STONE UPRIGHT.
587
00:35:49,433 --> 00:35:53,933
LASTLY, THEY SLOTTED THE BASE
OF THE OBELISK INTO A GROOVE
588
00:35:53,967 --> 00:35:58,967
AND ATTACHED ROPES TO HAUL IT
INTO ITS FINAL POSITION.
589
00:36:02,267 --> 00:36:08,833
THE COLOSSAL JOURNEY OF THIS
450-TON BLOCK WAS COMPLETE.
590
00:36:08,867 --> 00:36:13,300
THE GREAT PHARAOHS RULED OVER
AN EMPIRE OF 2 MILLION PEOPLE
591
00:36:13,333 --> 00:36:17,767
BENEATH THE SHADOW OF THEIR
MASSIVE GRANITE NEEDLES.
592
00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:21,267
THE EGYPTIANS CONTINUED
TO BUILD TEMPLES ON THIS SITE
593
00:36:21,300 --> 00:36:23,800
FOR A FURTHER 1,200 YEARS,
594
00:36:23,833 --> 00:36:27,067
BUT NOW ARCHAEOLOGISTS
ARE UNEARTHING EVIDENCE
595
00:36:27,067 --> 00:36:30,800
THAT THE WORK HERE
CAME TO AN ABRUPT END.
596
00:36:30,833 --> 00:36:33,267
THE SURPRISING CATALYST
WAS THE EMERGENCE
597
00:36:33,300 --> 00:36:35,267
OF A POWERFUL NEW RELIGION,
598
00:36:35,300 --> 00:36:39,367
ONE THAT WAS SET TO CHANGE
THE DESTINY OF OUR PLANET.
599
00:36:46,367 --> 00:36:50,800
**
600
00:36:50,833 --> 00:36:54,333
Narrator: THE MIGHTY
TEMPLE COMPLEX AT KARNAK
601
00:36:54,367 --> 00:36:56,600
WAS ONE OF THE BUSIEST
CONSTRUCTION SITES
602
00:36:56,633 --> 00:36:58,333
IN THE ANCIENT WORLD.
603
00:37:01,333 --> 00:37:05,433
FOR 2,000 YEARS, GENERATION
AFTER GENERATION OF PHARAOHS
604
00:37:05,467 --> 00:37:10,067
BUILT EVER MORE COMPLEX
STRUCTURES AT THE TEMPLE.
605
00:37:10,100 --> 00:37:12,067
YET 1,700 YEARS AGO,
606
00:37:12,067 --> 00:37:14,400
THE CONSTRUCTION
STOPPED SUDDENLY,
607
00:37:14,433 --> 00:37:16,633
AND KARNAK FELL TO RUIN.
608
00:37:16,667 --> 00:37:19,800
WHY?
609
00:37:19,833 --> 00:37:23,700
ARCHAEOLOGIST BENJAMIN DURAND
IS UNEARTHING EVIDENCE
610
00:37:23,733 --> 00:37:27,300
THAT THE FALL WAS TRIGGERED
BY THE RISE OF A NEW RELIGION
611
00:37:27,333 --> 00:37:30,867
THAT WAS SET
TO CHANGE THE WORLD.
612
00:37:47,433 --> 00:37:49,467
THE HIEROGLYPHS REVEAL
613
00:37:49,500 --> 00:37:51,533
HOW THE RULE OF KARNAK CHANGED
614
00:37:51,567 --> 00:37:54,200
OVER ITS FINAL YEARS,
615
00:37:54,233 --> 00:37:58,133
AND THE LAST NAME ON THE LIST
SEEMS STRANGELY FOREIGN.
616
00:38:13,900 --> 00:38:16,633
TIBERIUS WASN'T AN EGYPTIAN.
617
00:38:16,667 --> 00:38:21,433
HE WAS THE LEADER
OF THE MIGHTY ROMAN EMPIRE.
618
00:38:21,467 --> 00:38:25,667
KARNAK HAD BEEN SEIZED
BY A FOREIGN POWER.
619
00:38:25,700 --> 00:38:29,067
BENJAMIN UNEARTHS EVIDENCE
THAT KARNAK'S NEW OVERLORDS
620
00:38:29,067 --> 00:38:31,600
BROUGHT THE TEMPLES
CRASHING DOWN
621
00:38:31,633 --> 00:38:34,767
BECAUSE JUST 300 YEARS
AFTER THEY ARRIVED,
622
00:38:34,800 --> 00:38:38,233
THE ROMANS MADE
A MOMENTOUS CULTURAL CHANGE.
623
00:38:50,267 --> 00:38:53,567
1,600 YEARS AGO,
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
624
00:38:53,600 --> 00:38:55,567
TURNED ITS BACK ON PAGANISM
625
00:38:55,600 --> 00:38:59,667
AND CONVERTED TO A NEW FAITH,
CHRISTIANITY.
626
00:39:12,167 --> 00:39:14,567
ROMAN LEADERS ORDERED
THE IMMEDIATE CLOSURE
627
00:39:14,600 --> 00:39:17,533
OF ALL NON-CHRISTIAN
SITES ACROSS EGYPT,
628
00:39:17,567 --> 00:39:22,133
INCLUDING THE BIGGEST
OF THEM ALL, KARNAK.
629
00:39:22,167 --> 00:39:26,133
BENJAMIN'S WORK IS SLOWLY
REVEALING WHAT HAPPENED NEXT.
630
00:39:34,967 --> 00:39:39,333
HE SUSPECTS THAT HE'S UNCOVERED
THE ENTRANCE TO A FAMILY HOME.
631
00:39:52,767 --> 00:39:55,100
BENJAMIN IS CONVINCED
THIS WHOLE AREA
632
00:39:55,133 --> 00:39:57,367
WAS ONCE FILLED WITH HOUSES.
633
00:40:09,367 --> 00:40:12,933
THE ROMANS TRANSFORMED KARNAK'S
DESERTED TEMPLES
634
00:40:12,967 --> 00:40:15,500
INTO A BUSTLING
CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY.
635
00:40:25,700 --> 00:40:28,700
KARNAK'S DOWNFALL WAS
THE FINAL NAIL IN THE COFFIN
636
00:40:28,733 --> 00:40:32,500
FOR THE ANCIENT
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION.
637
00:40:32,533 --> 00:40:37,667
NO MORE PHARAOHS WERE BURIED
IN THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS.
638
00:40:37,700 --> 00:40:41,967
THE SPHINX WAS LOST
TO THE SANDS OF THE DESERT,
639
00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:45,633
AND THE GREAT PYRAMIDS
WERE SWAMPED BY THE CITY.
640
00:40:45,667 --> 00:40:50,167
THE RELIGION THAT BUILT THESE
ICONIC MONUMENTS WAS NO MORE.
641
00:40:50,200 --> 00:40:53,533
WITHOUT IT, THE ART,
TEMPLES, AND POLITICS
642
00:40:53,567 --> 00:40:55,400
THAT HAD DEFINED
THIS CIVILIZATION
643
00:40:55,433 --> 00:40:59,800
FOR 3,000 YEARS
HAD NO REASON TO CONTINUE,
644
00:40:59,833 --> 00:41:03,067
AND THE WORLD WOULD
NEVER BE THE SAME AGAIN.
645
00:41:03,067 --> 00:41:05,167
**
646
00:41:05,200 --> 00:41:07,700
ARCHAEOLOGISTS CONTINUE
PIECING TOGETHER
647
00:41:07,733 --> 00:41:11,267
THE BIZARRE INNER WORKINGS
OF LIFE AT KARNAK,
648
00:41:11,300 --> 00:41:15,133
EGYPT'S MOST MYSTERIOUS
RELIGIOUS COMPLEX.
649
00:41:15,167 --> 00:41:18,400
ITS WALLS BEAR THE MARK
OF 30 PHARAOHS,
650
00:41:18,433 --> 00:41:20,367
ITS MYRIAD BUILDINGS A TESTAMENT
651
00:41:20,400 --> 00:41:22,933
TO THEIR INDIVIDUAL
QUESTS FOR POWER.
652
00:41:22,967 --> 00:41:26,567
WHAT AMAZING SECRETS
COULD STILL LIE BURIED
653
00:41:26,600 --> 00:41:30,167
UNDER THE TOWERING COLUMNS
AND GIANT WALLS
654
00:41:30,200 --> 00:41:34,567
OF THE LARGEST RELIGIOUS COMPLEX
IN THE ANCIENT WORLD?
655
00:41:34,600 --> 00:41:37,633
**
52128
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