Original subtitles

*

Narrator: THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS,

AN UNDERGROUND MAZE OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TOMBS

CARVED OUT OVER 3,000 YEARS AGO

AND THE FINAL RESTING PLACE

OF THE FAMED BOY KING,

TUTANKHAMEN.

WHEN HE FOUND THE TOMB OF THE KING OF TUT,

IT WAS FANTASTIC.

AND NO DISCOVERY THEN OR SINCE

HAS EVER HAD THE EXCITEMENT

THAT KING TUT'S DID.

Narrator: TODAY, TEAMS ARE WORKING

INSIDE TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB

TO UNEARTH ITS MYSTERIES.

EVEN TODAY, EVERY TIME WE TURN AROUND

WE FIND MORE QUESTIONS TO ASK.

Narrator: WHY IS THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN SO UNIQUE,

AND HOW DID IT STAY HIDDEN FOR OVER 3,000 YEARS?

TO FIND OUT...

WE WILL VENTURE INSIDE THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS.

BLOWING IT APART,

WE'LL EXPLORE ITS HIDDEN CHAMBERS...

AND GOLDEN COFFINS...

TO REVEAL THE SECRETS

AT THE HEART OF THIS ANCIENT WONDER.

-- Captions by VITAC -- www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

Narrator: BY THE BANKS OF THE RIVER NILE,

HIDDEN IN A LABYRINTH OF ROCK,

LIES A MONUMENTAL ANCIENT BURIAL SITE...

...THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS.

*

EXTENDING DEEP BEYOND GIANT STONE ENTRANCES,

DOZENS OF SUBTERRANEAN TOMBS

BECAME THE FINAL RESTING PLACE

FOR POWERFUL EGYPTIAN PHARAOHS.

THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS WAS IN USE

AS A ROYAL BURIAL PLACE FOR ABOUT 500 YEARS.

THE PRIMARY CONCERN

WAS THAT THE PHARAOH'S BODY

BE PROTECTED,

THAT IT COULD SURVIVE, COULD ENDURE FOR AN ETERNITY.

Narrator: TODAY, TEAMS FROM AROUND THE WORLD USE

THE LATEST SCANNING AND FORENSIC TECHNOLOGY

TO UNEARTH THE SECRETS

OF THESE SUBTERRANEAN CHAMBERS.

BENEATH THIS VALLEY

LIE MORE THAN 60 HIDDEN TOMBS

CARVED DEEP INTO THE ROCK.

MOST ARE SIMILAR IN DESIGN,

THEIR SNAKING TUNNELS DESCENDING

TOWARDS THE UNDERWORLD,

CREATING A RABBIT WARREN

OF HUNDREDS OF PAINTED CHAMBERS

FILLED WITH HIEROGLYPHS

AND PAINTINGS OF THE AFTERLIFE.

HIDDEN NEAR THE CENTER LIES THE TOMB

OF THE MOST FAMOUS PHARAOH OF ALL --

KING TUTANKHAMEN.

THIS MYSTERIOUS CHAMBER

IS UNLIKE ANY ROYAL TOMB IN THE VALLEY

AND PUZZLES ARCHAEOLOGISTS TO THIS DAY.

TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB LIES AT THE HEART OF THE VALLEY,

SURROUNDED BY THE TOMBS OF THE GREAT PHARAOHS

THAT CAME BEFORE AND AFTER HIM.

TODAY, TUTANKHAMEN IS THE MOST FAMOUS NAME

OF ALL THESE ANCIENT KINGS,

BUT DURING HIS LIFETIME,

HISTORIANS BELIEVE HE WAS INSIGNIFICANT.

HE WAS A KID --

9, 10, 11 YEARS OLD.

THE LITTLE-KNOWN RELATIVELY MINOR PHARAOH.

Narrator: YET, TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB

TRANSFORMED HIS FATE.

THIS YOUNG BOY KING BECAME

ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL SYMBOLS

IN EGYPTOLOGICAL HISTORY.

Narrator: KENT WEEKS HAS SPENT 40 YEARS STUDYING

THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS.

KENT AND TEAMS OF ARCHAEOLOGISTS

ARE WORKING TO RESOLVE A CRUCIAL MYSTERY.

*

HOW DID TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB TRANSFORM THE BOY KING

FROM A MINOR PHARAOH

TO ONE OF THE MOST CELEBRATED MEN IN HISTORY?

KENT BELIEVES THE FIRST CLUE LIES

IN HOW THE TOMBS IN THE VALLEY

ARE DECORATED.

HE WANTS TO UNDERSTAND WHY THE IMAGERY IN TUT'S TOMB

IS SO DIFFERENT TO THOSE BELONGING

TO MORE POWERFUL PHARAOHS.

Weeks: ROYAL TOMBS IN THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS,

THEY ALL FOLLOW PRETTY MUCH THE SAME STANDARD RULES,

CONTAIN THE SAME STANDARDS SCENES,

BUT THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN

IS UNUSUAL.

Narrator: KENT HEADS TO A DIFFERENT TOMB BELONGING

TO THE GREAT KING SETI II

TO INVESTIGATE HOW ROYAL TOMBS

ARE TRADITIONALLY DECORATED.

OKAY, LET'S DO THE OTHER SIDE.

*

INSIDE, HE FORENSICALLY RECORDS

EVERY SQUARE INCH

OF THE CARVINGS ADORNING THE WALLS.

MANY OF THESE ARTWORKS SHOW SCENES

FROM THE IMPORTANT RELIGIOUS TEXT,

"THE BOOK OF THE DEAD."

Weeks: THEIR PRIMARY OBJECTIVE

WAS TO ENSURE THE SAFE PASSAGE OF THE PHARAOH

FROM THIS LIFE INTO THE NEXT.

THIS WAS A MAJOR CONCERN TO EGYPTIANS.

WHEN A PHARAOH DIED, CAN WE BE SURE THE PHARAOH

IS GOING TO HAVE A SAFE JOURNEY

INTO THE AFTERLIFE?

ALL OF THE TEXTS,

ALL OF THE SCENES IN THESE TOMBS

ARE DESIGNED TO SERVE THOSE SIMPLE FUNCTIONS.

*

Narrator: IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN BELIEFS,

THE JOURNEY TO THE AFTERLIFE BEGINS AS THE SUN SETS.

THE PHARAOH TAKES THE ROUTE OF THE SUN

AS IT PASSES DOWN INTO THE UNDERWORLD.

ARMED WITH SPELLS FROM THE WALLS OF THE TOMB,

HE FACES MANY CHALLENGES,

INCLUDING A LAKE OF FIRE

AND GIANT SERPENT.

MOST EGYPTIANS WOULD THEN FACE THE MOST RIGOROUS TEST --

TO HAVE THEIR HEART WEIGHED AGAINST THE FEATHER OF TRUTH,

BUT THE PHARAOH WAS THOUGHT TO BE EXEMPT.

WHEN HE REACHES THE END,

A PARADE OF GODS WELCOMES HIM TO THE AFTERLIFE.

HE IS TRANSFORMED INTO THE SUN GOD

AND THE SUN CAN RISE AGAIN.

WITH THE SPELLS AND PRAYERS ON THE WALLS OF THE TOMBS

ACTING LIKE A GUIDEBOOK FOR THE PHARAOH,

THE ANCIENT ENGRAVERS COULDN'T MAKE A SINGLE MISTAKE.

Weeks: WHEN YOU LOOK AT THESE RELIEF CARVINGS,

EVEN SOMETHING AS STRAIGHTFORWARD

AS COLUMNS OF HIEROGLYPHIC TEXT,

THE FIRST THING I THINK THAT STRIKES A PERSON

IS THE CARE,

THE ATTENTION TO DETAIL.

THE BIRDS ARE METICULOUSLY SHOWN.

YOU CAN IDENTIFY SPECIES OF BIRDS

FROM THE WAY THEY'RE DEPICTED.

THE CARE IS IMPORTANT

BECAUSE THESE TEXTS ARE IMPORTANT.

Narrator: MOST ROYAL TOMBS ARE

JUST AS EXTENSIVELY DECORATED

WITH INCREDIBLE ATTENTION TO DETAIL,

BUT SURPRISINGLY, THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN,

THE MOST FAMOUS TOMB IN THE VALLEY,

IS FAR LESS IMPRESSIVE.

TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB IS JUST FOUR SMALL CHAMBERS,

EACH NO MORE THAN 14 FEET WIDE.

AT THE HEART OF THE TOMB

IS A SPARSELY DECORATED BURIAL ROOM

MODESTLY PAINTED AND WITH NO CARVINGS.

HIDDEN IN THE WALLS,

MYSTERIOUS NICHES ONCE HELD SACRED STATUES,

USHABTI TO COME TO LIFE AS THE PHARAOH'S SERVANT

AND THE JACKAL GOD OF THE DEAD, ANUBIS.

TUTANKHAMEN'S BURIAL CHAMBER

IS FILLED WITH MAGICAL DECORATION,

BUT BESIDE IT,

THE REST OF THE TOMB IS LEFT BARE.

THIS SIMPLE TOMB IS UNLIKE

ANY OTHER ROYAL TOMB IN THE VALLEY.

Weeks: ALL OF THESE THINGS

CONSPIRE TO MAKE TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB

UNLIKE ANY OTHER IN THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS,

AND WE CAN'T BE SURE WHY.

*

Narrator: TODAY, KENT HAS A RARE OPPORTUNITY

TO STUDY THE RELIGIOUS TEXT

INSIDE TUTANKHAMEN'S BURIAL CHAMBER

UP CLOSE.

HE SEARCHES FOR CLUES THAT MIGHT EXPLAIN

WHY THEY'RE NOT AS ELABORATE AS OTHER PHARAOHS'.

KENT WORKS WITH A TEAM CAREFULLY CONSERVING

THE DELICATE DECORATION.

LORI WONG HAS FOUND MYSTERIOUS ANOMALIES

IN THE WAY THE ANCIENT WALLS HAVE BEEN PAINTED.

Wong: IF WE NOTICE HERE, THE VERY BASE OF THE WALL,

YOU CAN SEE THAT THERE'S DRIPS RUNNING DOWN.

THROUGHOUT THIS TOMB, WE HAVE DRIP MARKS,

SO IT SUGGESTS THIS VERY FAST FLUID ACTION

IN TERMS OF THE APPLICATION OF THE PAINTING MATERIALS.

ALSO, WHAT'S REALLY UNUSUAL

IS THAT IN THIS SMALL BURIAL CHAMBER,

EACH WALL HAS A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT PAINTING TECHNIQUE.

IT'S UNUSUAL BECAUSE ONE WOULD EXPECT,

IN A SMALL CHAMBER,

THAT THE PAINTING TECHNOLOGY WOULD BE THE SAME

FROM WALL-TO-WALL.

Narrator: KENT HAS FOUND SOMETHING ELSE STRANGE

ABOUT THE IMAGERY IN THE CHAMBER.

Weeks: IN OTHER TOMBS, LONG CORRIDORS WERE FILLED

WITH COLUMN AFTER COLUMN AFTER COLUMN

OF RELIGIOUS TEXTS.

HERE, WE HAVE JUST A FEW HIGHLY ABBREVIATED SCENES.

Narrator: KENT HAS SPOTTED AN ILLUSTRATION

OF THE PHARAOH'S JOURNEY THROUGH THE UNDERWORLD,

BUT IT'S BEEN DRAMATICALLY SIMPLIFIED.

Weeks: WE HAVE 12 BABOONS SHOWN HERE,

EACH IN A RECTANGLE,

EACH OF THE REPRESENTING ONE OF THE 12 HOURS OF THE NIGHT

THROUGH WHICH THE DECEASED PHARAOH

HAS TO PASS TO ACHIEVE IMMORTALITY.

Narrator: THE KEY SCENES ARE ALL THERE,

BUT THE ARTWORK IS NOWHERE NEAR AS ELABORATE

AS THE CARVINGS FOUND IN SETI'S TOMB.

Weeks: THE ABSENCE OF DETAIL IN THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS

IS UNUSUAL BY ANY STANDARD.

Narrator: KENT BELIEVES THE DRIP MARKS

AND ABBREVIATED RELIGIOUS DECORATION

CAN ONLY MEAN ONE THING.

PEOPLE WERE OPERATING UNDER A TIME CONSTRAINT HERE,

AND THAT ACCOUNTS FOR A LOT OF THE PAINTING,

THE ABSENCE OF DETAIL

IN THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS ON THE WALL,

THE HIGHLY ABBREVIATED FORM

OF THE "BOOK OF THE DEAD."

TIME WAS OF THE ESSENCE

FOR WHATEVER REASONS --

POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS, OR WHAT HAVE YOU.

THEY DID WANT TO GET IT DONE QUICKLY.

Narrator: SO WHY WERE THE PAINTERS IN SUCH A RUSH?

TO FIND ANSWERS, EGYPTOLOGIST BELIEVE

A CLUE LIES IN THE ABNORMAL SIZE

OF TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB.

CAVERNOUS CHAMBERS AND LONG-SNAKING TUNNELS

ARE THE HALLMARKS OF ALMOST

ALL OF THE TOMBS IN THE VALLEY,

YET THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN IS

THE SMALLEST OF ALL THE KINGS.

WHY?

*

Narrator: KING TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB --

A MAGICAL MACHINE DESIGNED

TO TRANSPORT TUT INTO THE AFTERLIFE.

BUT IT'S A DWARF

IN A VALLEY FULL OF GIANTS.

MOST PHARAOHS OF EGYPT HAS COLOSSAL TOMBS

TO MATCH THEIR POWER AND WEALTH.

ONE EXAMPLE IS THE GRAND TOMB OF SETI I.

A POLISHED MASTERPIECE,

ITS CHAMBERS ARE INCREDIBLY PRECISE

WITH PERFECTLY ALIGNED PILLARED HALLS

AND RAISED RELIEF PAINTINGS CARVED ONTO THE WALLS.

HIDDEN BENEATH KING SETI'S BURIAL CHAMBER --

A ROCKY CORRIDOR EXTENDS OVER 300 FEET DOWN

INTO THE BEDROCK,

AS DEEP AS THE GREAT PYRAMID IS HIGH.

WITH 17 IMMACULATELY DECORATED CHAMBERS,

THIS VAST BURIAL IS SIX TIMES LARGER

THAN THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN.

WHY IS TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB SO SMALL

WHEN SETI'S COLOSSAL CHAMBERS

ARE SO LARGE?

COULD IT BE THE WORKERS

DIDN'T HAVE ENOUGH TIME TO BUILD SOMETHING BIGGER?

EGYPTOLOGIST CATHARINE ROEHRIG

BELIEVES THE SHORT LIFE OF TUTANKHAMEN

MIGHT HOLD THE KEY.

Roehrig: HE WAS ABOUT 18 WHEN HE DIED,

AND I SUSPECT NO ONE EXPECTED HIM TO DIE AS A TEENAGER.

Narrator: CATHARINE AND A TEAM OF STONEMASONS

HAVE JOURNEYED INTO THE DESERT

TO CARVE A TOMB INTO THE CLIFFS.

THEY WANT TO DISCOVER WHETHER TUTANKHAMEN'S SUDDEN DEATH

MEANT THERE WASN'T ENOUGH TIME TO BUILD A LARGER TOMB.

Roehrig: IT'S ASSUMED THAT THEY START BUILDING ROYAL TOMBS

WHEN THE PHARAOH TAKES THE THORN.

WE THINK TUTANKHAMEN CAME TO POWER

WHEN HE WAS ABOUT 9 YEARS OLD,

AND WE KNOW HE RULED FOR ABOUT NINE YEARS.

Narrator: TO TEST THE THEORY,

THE TEAM WANTS TO CARVE A TOMB INTO THE ROCK.

THEY WILL INVESTIGATE HOW FAR WORK CAN PROGRESS IN A DAY

TO REVEAL HOW BIG A TOMB COULD BE

AFTER NINE YEARS OF CONTINUOUS DIGGING.

THEY LINE UP THE ENTRANCE,

THEN BEGIN TO CARVE.

*

THE WORK IS HARD AND SLOW.

Roehrig: THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS COULDN'T HAVE BEEN

MUCH FASTER THAN THIS.

THEY MIGHT HAVE STARTED WITH BIG STONE HAMMERS.

THEY ALSO, BY THIS TIME OF TUTANKHAMEN,

HAD BRONZE CHISELS.

Narrator: CATHARINE ASSESS THE PROGRESS

AFTER A SHIFT OF WORK.

THE WORKMEN HAVE BEEN WORKING

FOR ABOUT THREE HOURS.

THEY'VE MADE A FAIR AMOUNT OF PROGRESS.

THIS IS ABOUT WHERE THE CORNER WAS.

YOU CAN SEE THE RED THERE,

AND IN HERE IS, WHAT?

ABOUT 8 INCHES OR SO?

CATHARINE BELIEVES THAT AT THIS RATE,

KING TUT'S BUILDERS WOULD HAVE HAD MORE THAN ENOUGH TIME

TO CONSTRUCT A BIGGER TOMB.

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN WORKMEN PROBABLY WORKED ON THE TOMB

EVERY SINGLE DAY

BECAUSE YOU'D WORK FOR 10 DAYS,

AND THEN ANOTHER CREW WOULD COME IN.

IT'S NOT LIKE THEY HAD A WEEKEND

WHEN NOBODY DID ANYTHING,

SO SKILLED ANCIENT EGYPTIAN WORKMEN

ATTACKING A WALL LIKE THIS

COULD HAVE MADE A GREAT DEAL OF PROGRESS

IN JUST A YEAR.

Narrator: THIS PROGRESS, SCALED OVER TIME,

WOULD RESULT IN SOMETHING FAR LARGER THAN TUT'S TOMB

IN JUST A FEW YEARS.

Roehrig: TUTANKHAMEN REIGNED FOR NINE YEARS,

SO BY RIGHTS,

IF THEY BEGAN THE TOMB WHEN HE WAS YOUNG,

WHEN HE WAS FIRST ON THE THRONE,

HE COULD HAVE HAD A TOMB THE SAME SIZE

AS ANY OF HIS PREDECESSORS.

HE SHOULD HAVE HAD A MORE SPECTACULAR TOMB THAN THAT.

Narrator: IF CONSTRUCTION TIME ISN'T THE ANSWER,

THEN WHY IS TUT'S TOMB SO SMALL?

IT'S POSSIBLE THEY HADN'T BEGUN HIS TOMB

BECAUSE HE WAS SO YOUNG.

HE WAS ONLY 9 OR 10 WHEN HE COMES TO THE THRONE,

SO WHY WOULD YOU START A TOMB FOR SOMEBODY THAT YOUNG?

Narrator: WHEN THE BOY KING DIED UNEXPECTEDLY,

THE WORKERS MAY HAVE RUSHED TO CREATE

A MAKESHIFT BURIAL CHAMBER.

ONE THEORY IS, WHEN TUTANKHAMEN DIED,

HIS TOMB WAS JUST A CORRIDOR.

IT WAS THEN A RACE AGAINST THE CLOCK TO FINISH IT.

THE CORRIDOR WAS HASTILY EXTENDED JUST 14 FEET WIDE.

IT WAS THE BARE MINIMUM TO HOUSE HIS SARCOPHAGUS.

ARTISTS MOVED IN TO PAINT

THE RESURRECTION INSTRUCTIONS.

ONE DREW THE ROUGH OUTLINES IN RED,

ANOTHER CORRECTED THEM IN BLACK

AND PAINTED THEM WITH COLOR.

WORKERS LOWER TUTANKHAMEN'S SARCOPHAGUS INTO POSITION

AND THEN SEAL THE TOMB FOREVER.

THE WORKERS HAD A DEADLINE TO MEET,

ONE THAT COULD NOT BE MISSED.

THEY WOULD HAVE HAD 70 TO 80 DAYS

BETWEEN THE TIME HE DIED

AND THE TIME HIS MUMMIFICATION WAS FINISHED.

AND WHATEVER THEY WERE DOING...

THEY HAD TO FINISH WHAT THEY WANTED TO BURY HIM IN

IN THAT AMOUNT OF TIME.

Narrator: WAS THE TINY TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN

A POSTPONED RUSH JOB?

IT'S POSSIBLE,

BUT SOME ARCHAEOLOGISTS BELIEVE

THERE'S ANOTHER EXPLANATION.

COULD IT BE THAT TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB

WAS BUILT FOR SOMEONE ELSE?

Narrator: THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS --

THIS ROCKY LANDSCAPE WAS

THE BURIAL PLACE OF EGYPTIAN PHARAOHS

FOR OVER 500 YEARS,

BUT ENTRANCE TO THIS VAST GRAVEYARD

WASN'T ONLY RESERVED FOR KINGS.

NON-ROYALS, PRIESTS, EVEN PETS WERE BURIED HERE,

TOO, IN SMALLER, SIMPLER TOMBS.

COULD TUTANKHAMEN HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN BURIED IN ONE

OF THESE SO-CALLED PRIVATE TOMBS,

AND IF HE WAS, WHY?

TODAY, ARCHAEOLOGIST DONALD RYAN

IS DIGGING IN THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS

TO FIND ANSWERS.

HE THINKS THAT TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB

LOOKS SUSPICIOUSLY LIKE THE PRIVATE TOMBS

THAT HE HAS RECENTLY UNEARTHED.

SO FAR, THESE INAUSPICIOUS TOMBS

HAVE REVEALED SOME STRIKING SECRETS.

ONE TOMB, JUST A SHAFT AND A CHAMBER,

WE HAVE 13 SETS OF HUMAN REMAINS IN IT.

ANOTHER ONE, WE FOUND MUMMIES OF ANIMALS

INCLUDING A DOG, MONKEYS, BABOONS.

EVERY ONE OF THEM IS DIFFERENT.

EVERY ONE IS INTERESTING.

Narrator: BUT DON BELIEVES THERE ARE STRIKING SIMILARITIES

BETWEEN THE SMALL SCALE OF TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB

AND THESE SIMPLER PRIVATE TOMBS.

THERE ARE SEVERAL DIFFERENT PLANS FOR THEM,

THE SIMPLEST BEING A SHAFT

THAT LEADS TO A SINGLE ROOM.

THERE ARE OTHERS A LITTLE MORE ELABORATE

WITH ROOMS OFF TO THE SIDE AND STAIRS.

SOME OF THE LARGER ONES MIGHT HAVE A PILLAR ON THE INSIDE.

Narrator: BUT TUT'S TOMB HAS ONE GIANT DIFFERENCE --

HIS HUGE ELABORATE SARCOPHAGUS.

INSIDE THE TOMB STANDS

THE RARE QUARTZITE SARCOPHAGUS OF TUTANKHAMEN.

WITHIN IT LIES THE 7-FOOT COFFIN

WEIGHING OVER A TON

AND GILDED WITH GOLD LEAF.

BUT NESTED INSIDE TWO RUSSIAN DOLL LAYERS...

...IS A COFFIN OF SOLID GOLD,

DECORATED WITH GEMS.

FINALLY, AT ITS CORE --

THE MUMMY OF THE BOY KING,

WEARING A GOLDEN DEATH MASK

FOR RECOGNITION IN THE AFTERLIFE.

THIS ROYAL ENTOMBMENT...

...PROTECTED THE BOY KING'S BODY FOR MILLENNIA.

DON EXPLORES INSIDE AN UNDECORATED PRIVATE TOMB.

HE'S NEVER FOUND A LARGE STONE SARCOPHAGUS

IN ONE OF THESE TOMBS.

Ryan: THE TOMBS OF RULERS HAVE GREAT SARCOPHAGUS,

BUT THESE SMALLER TOMBS,

THE COFFINS CAN BE VERY, VERY NICE,

BUT THEY'RE NOT IN LARGE STONE BOXES

WITH HEAVY STONE LIDS ON THEM.

Narrator: DON IS CONVINCED THAT A SMALL PRIVATE TOMB,

JUST LIKE THIS ONE,

WAS HIJACKED TO HOUSE THE SARCOPHAGUS OF TUTANKHAMEN.

THE TOMB ITSELF WAS PROBABLY NOT INTENDED FOR HIM.

Narrator: INSIDE THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN,

ARCHAEOLOGISTS FIND ANOTHER CLUE.

THEY BELIEVE THAT THIS CHUNK OF ROCK,

CUT FROM ONE OF THE WALLS,

IS EVIDENCE OF A STRING OF BLUNDERS

CAUSED BY CONDUCTING A ROYAL BURIAL

IN A TINY TOMB.

GIANT GILDED PANELS NEEDED TO BE LOWERED INTO THE TOMB

TO FORM A SHRINE,

BUT ARCHAEOLOGISTS SUSPECT THEY WERE TOO BIG,

AND WORKERS HAD TO CUT CHUNKS

OUT OF THE WALL TO SQUEEZE THEM IN.

THERE IS ALSO EVIDENCE THE SARCOPHAGUS LID CRACKED

RIGHT DOWN THE MIDDLE

AND WORKERS HAD TO FILL THE CRACK

WITH GYPSUM PLASTER AND PAINT OVER THE DAMAGE.

THEN, WHEN THE WOODEN COFFIN WAS LAID INSIDE,

IT APPEARS THE LID WOULDN'T CLOSE,

AS WORKERS HAD TO CHOP OFF THE TOES

TO SEAL THE MUMMY INSIDE,

AND FINALLY, WHEN THE TIGHT-FITTING

FLAT PACK PANELS WERE PLACED AROUND THE BODY,

THEY WOULD ONLY HAVE LEFT A FEW INCHES TO SPARE

FOR THE WORKERS TO BACK OUT.

Ryan: MANY PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT THERE'S ANOTHER TOMB

THAT WAS PROBABLY BEING PREPARED FOR HIM,

BUT IT WASN'T READY. IT WASN'T FINISHED,

BUT HERE WAS A TOMB THAT COULD BE PUT TO USE

FOR THE UNEXPECTED BURIAL OF TUTANKHAMEN.

Narrator: IF TUT'S TOMB WASN'T BUILT FOR HIM,

WHO WAS IT BUILT FOR?

IT FITS THE PROFILE

OF A HIGH-STATUS PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL

THAT IS SOMEONE OTHER THAN THE RULER,

MAYBE IT'S A QUEEN.

MAYBE IT'S A PRINCE, PRINCESS,

SOMEONE OBVIOUSLY VERY SPECIAL

BUT NOT THE RULER.

Narrator: WHOEVER THE INTENDED OCCUPANT,

THE TOMB TRANSFORMED THE FATE OF TUTANKHAMEN.

THAT'S BECAUSE SOMETHING ELSE MADE TUT'S TOMB UNIQUE.

IT WAS FOUND IN NEAR-PERFECT CONDITION.

Ryan: ALMOST EVERY ONE OF THESE TOMBS,

WITH A COUPLE OF NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS,

WAS ROBBED IN ANCIENT TIMES,

BUT THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN,

IT WAS FOUND VIRTUALLY INTACT.

ANCIENT LOOTERS STRIPPED MOST OF THESE TOMBS

BARE LONG BEFORE THEY WERE UNCOVERED BY ARCHAEOLOGISTS.

HOW DID TUT'S TOMB ELUDE ROBBERS

FOR OVER 3,000 YEARS?

*

TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB --

A SMALL AND MAKESHIFT

BURIAL BUILT FOR A NOBLEMAN,

NOT A KING,

YET, IT REMAINED HIDDEN FOR MILLENNIA.

THE TOMB PROTECTED THE BODY OF TUTANKHAMEN

FOR OVER 3,000 YEARS.

IT EVEN MANAGED TO DEFEND HIS GOLDEN TREASURES

FROM THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS' BIGGEST THREAT --

GRAVE ROBBERS.

ARCHAEOLOGIST ESSAM SHIHAB UNDERSTANDS THE THREAT

POSED BY THIEVES BETTER THAN MOST.

ESSAM HAS EXPLORED MANY TOMBS IN THE REGION,

BUT THE MUMMIES HE RECOVERS ARE ALWAYS BADLY DAMAGED

AND THEIR TREASURES STOLEN.

THE EGYPTIANS WENT TO GREAT LENGTHS

TO PROTECT THE TOMBS OF THEIR RULERS.

THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN WAS NO DIFFERENT.

A FALSE WALL BLOCKED OFF THE BURIAL CHAMBER,

AND A PLASTERED DOORWAY SEALED THE TOMB ENTRANCE.

IN FRONT OF IT, 40 TONS OF RUBBLE PACKED THE CORRIDOR

FROM FLOOR TO CEILING CREATING A SOLID

25-FOOT BARRICADE.

A THIRD DOORWAY PLUGGED THE ENTRANCE SECURELY SHUT,

STAMPED WITH THE PHARAOH'S SEAL.

THESE THREE SOLID LAYERS OF PROTECTION

WERE THEN BURIED BENEATH CHIPPINGS

TO CAMOUFLAGE THE TOMB IN BARREN VALLEY LANDSCAPE.

WERE THESE DEFENSES THE REASON

THAT TUTANKHAMEN WAS LEFT INTACT?

ESSAM ISN'T SO SURE.

TODAY, HE'S INVESTIGATING OTHER TOMBS

FROM THE ERA OF TUTANKHAMEN

IN THE NEARBY VALLEY OF THE NOBLES.

MOST OF THESE TOMBS HAD SIMILAR DEFENSES

TO TUT'S CHAMBER,

BUT ALL SUFFERED MULTIPLE BREAK-INS.

ESSAM WANTS TO INVESTIGATE

WHY THE LAYERS OF SECURITY FAILED

TO PROTECT THIS TOMB.

HE ALREADY KNOWS THE MOST COMMON WAYS

THIEVES USED TO BREAK IN.

THROUGHOUT THE VALLEY,

THE NECROPOLIS POLICE STOOD GUARD,

BUT AT NIGHT, VISIBILITY WAS POOR,

AND THE TOMBS WERE VULNERABLE.

ROBBERS OFTEN BRIBED THE GUARDS

TO TELL THEM WHERE TO FIND THE ENTRANCES.

THEY COULD THEN TUNNEL THROUGH THE RUBBLE

AND BREAK THE PLASTERED DOORWAYS

TO GET INTO THE TOMB.

LATER TOMBS FEATURED 50-FOOT-DEEP PITS,

BUT THE ROBBERS SMASHED THE FALSE WALLS

AND CLIMBED THROUGH WITH ROPES.

THEY ROBBED ALL THE TREASURES THEY COULD CARRY,

THEN SET FIRE TO THE TOMB

USING THE INFERNO TO EXTRACT THE VALUABLE GOLD LEAF,

BUT AT THE TOMB ESSAM IS EXPLORING,

THINGS WERE A LITTLE DIFFERENT.

HERE, THE MAIN ENTRANCE REMAINED SEALED,

YET THIEVES MANAGED TO STEAL

ALL THE TREASURES HIDDEN INSIDE.

ESSAM IS SEARCHING FOR CLUES

AS TO HOW THE ROBBERS BROKE IN.

EVEN IF THEY COULDN'T FIND THE ENTRANCE,

THE TOMB RAIDERS KNEW

THEY COULD JUST DIG DOWN INTO THE EARTH

AND HOPE TO STRIKE IT RICH.

ESSAM HEAD INSIDE AND FINDS ANOTHER CLUE.

ONCE THEY'D FOUND THE TOMB,

THIEVES SMASHED THROUGH THE WALLS

TO FIND EVERY PIECE OF HIDDEN TREASURE.

IT SEEMS THAT GRAVE ROBBERS

WERE SO GREEDY AND DESPERATE TO GET INSIDE,

NO DEFENSES COULD HOLD THEM BACK.

IT WAS EVEN COMMON FOR TOMB RAIDERS

TO SMASH UP MUMMIES IN THE HOPE OF FINDING VALUABLE JEWELRY.

BROKEN LIMBS, FRACTURED SKULLS,

AND FIRE DAMAGE SHOW HOW FAR

LOOTERS WENT IN THEIR PURSUIT OF TREASURE.

WHATEVER THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS DID TO PROTECT THEIR TOMBS,

THIEVES WOULD FIND A WAY IN.

SO HOW DID TUTANKHAMEN MANAGE

TO AVOID SUCH BRUTAL TREATMENT

WITH IDENTICAL DEFENSES?

IF THE SEALED DOORS

AND HIDDEN ENTRANCE OF TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB

DIDN'T KEEP ROBBERS AWAY...

WHAT DID?

NOW NEW DISCOVERIES SUGGEST

THAT A TERRIFYING FORCE OF NATURE

MAY HAVE PROVIDED THE GREATEST DEFENSE OF ALL.

Narrator: THE TOMBS OF THE ANCIENT PHARAOHS

ONCE HELD FORTUNES IN GOLD,

BUT THESE RICHES DIDN'T LAST FOR LONG.

TOMB RAIDERS SMASHED THEIR WAY

INTO NEARLY EVERY CHAMBER IN THE VALLEY,

STRIPPING THEM BARE,

WITH ONE NOTABLE EXCEPTION.

Weeks: THERE ARE 62 TOMBS IN THE EAST VALLEY OF THE KINGS.

TUTANKHAMEN'S IS CERTAINLY THE MOST FAMOUS OF THE BUNCH.

IT WAS ONE OF THE VERY FEW TOMBS,

NOT JUST IN THE VALLEY BUT ANYWHERE IN EGYPT,

THAT WAS INTACT WHEN IT WAS FOUND.

Narrator: EGYPTOLOGIST KENT WEEKS

IS ON THE HUNT FOR CLUES

AS TO WHY TUT'S TOMB REMAINED INTACT.

HE SPOTTED SOMETHING INTERESTING IN PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN

WHEN THE TOMB WAS FIRST DISCOVERED

BY ARCHAEOLOGIST HOWARD CARTER.

CARTER HAD WORKED FOR MANY YEARS

IN THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS BEFORE BECOMING,

I WOULD SAY, ALMOST FIXATED,

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF THERE BEING A TOMB

BELONGING TO TUTANKHAMEN,

WHO AT THAT TIME, WAS LARGELY UNKNOWN,

EVEN TO EGYPTOLOGISTS.

Narrator: WHEN CARTER'S MEN UNEARTHED THE TOMB,

THEY FOUND IT CRAMMED WITH EARTHLY TREASURE

AND ITEMS THE KING WOULD NEED IN THE AFTERLIFE.

SIX DISMANTLED CHARIOTS,

HIS CHILDHOOD THRONE

AND PROVISIONS OF FOOD AND WINE.

TWO STATUES OF THE BOY KING

STOOD GUARD BY HIS BURIAL CHAMBER.

BEYOND THE FALSE WALL...

A MASSIVE SHRINE FILLED THE ROOM

FROM WALL-TO-WALL WITH THE GLIMMER OF GOLD.

HIDDEN IN THE TREASURY,

THE KING'S INTERNAL ORGANS

LAY MUMMIFIED IN A GOLDEN SHRINE.

THIS TROVE OF GRAVE GOODS WAS LEFT UNTOUCHED

FOR OVER 3,000 YEARS,

ONE OF THE FEW TOMBS IN THE VALLEY TO SURVIVE.

KENT BELIEVES THAT PHOTOS OF CARTER'S EXCAVATION

HOLD A CLUE TO HOW TUTANKHAMEN'S TREASURE WAS KEPT SAFE.

Weeks: THIS IS A PHOTOGRAPH OF CARTER'S WORKMEN.

IT WAS HERE, EVENTUALLY,

THEY WOULD UNCOVER THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN.

IT WAS IN AN AREA WHERE NOBODY HAD EXPECTED ANYTHING,

BUT THAT'S BECAUSE SO MUCH MATERIAL

HAD OBSCURED THE ENTRANCE TO WHAT TURNED OUT TO BE

THE MOST EXCITING DISCOVERY IN THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS.

LOOK AT THE SIZE OF THESE BOULDERS,

THE SIZE OF BASKETBALLS,

SOME OF THEM WEIGHING 50 TO 60 KILOS EACH.

Narrator: KENT BELIEVES THESE BOULDERS WEREN'T

PUT THERE BY THE EGYPTIANS.

TODAY, HE'S LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE OF A NATURAL EVENT

THAT MAY HAVE BURIED TUT'S TOMB

MUCH DEEPER THAN ITS NEIGHBORS.

KENT THINKS A CLUE LIES IN THE GRAFFITI

ON THIS TOWERING CLIFF FACE.

Weeks: WE KNOW OF ABOUT 2,000 GRAFFITI HERE

ON THE HILLSIDE IN THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS,

AND THEY RECORD LITTLE BITS OF EVERYTHING,

AND THESE ARE BRIEF GLIMPSES

OF WHAT LIFE MIGHT HAVE BEEN LIKE

BACK IN ANCIENT DAYS.

Narrator: KENT SCOURS THE CLIFF FOR THE FAINT INSCRIPTION.

MY GOD, IT'S DIFFICULT.

YEAH, THIS IS IT.

JUST... IT LOOKS LIKE NOTHING,

BUT IT IS, IN FACT, A PROPER INSCRIPTION.

THIS IS THE RECORD OF A SCRIBE

WHO BROUGHT THREE OF HIS SONS HERE

TO OBSERVE THE RESULTS OF A FLASH FLOOD.

Narrator: KENT BELIEVES THAT A BIG FLOOD

WOULD HAVE DRAGGED TONS OF BOULDERS

ALONG FOR THE RIDE.

Weeks: PRESUMABLY, THE WATERS WASHED OFF THIS CLIFF,

BRINGING WITH IT, TONS OF FLOOD DEBRIS,

SAND, GRAVEL, LIMESTONE BLOCKS,

SOME OF WHICH YOU CAN SEE DOWN HERE,

WEIGHING A 100 KILOS OR MORE

AND DEPOSITING A VAST AMOUNT OF WATER RIGHT HERE.

AN UNUSUAL ENOUGH EVENT

THAT HE WANTED TO BRING HIS CHILDREN

TO COME AND SEE IT.

Narrator: KENT THINKS THAT A DESERT STORM

MAY HAVE TRIGGERED A FLASH FLOOD,

CASCADING WATER INTO THE VALLEY

AND OVER TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB.

THE RIVER DUMPED LAYERS OF ROCKS

AND SEDIMENT OVER THE CLOSED ENTRANCE.

WHEN THE HOT EGYPTIAN SUN BAKED THE MUD,

IT SET LIKE CONCRETE, SEALING THE TOMB BENEATH.

YEARS LATER, TOMB BUILDERS

UNWITTINGLY COVERED THE AREA

WITH STONE CHIPPINGS

AND BUILD WORK HUTS ON TOP.

OVER 3,000 YEARS, MORE EARTH PILED OVER,

MAKING TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB

THE SAFEST IN EGYPT'S HISTORY.

KENT IS CURIOUS TO DISCOVER

WHAT EFFECT A FLASH FLOOD MAY HAVE HAD.

Weeks: WE'VE BEEN TRYING TO FIGURE OUT THE FLOOD PATTERNS

THAT OCCURRED IN DYNASTIC TIMES,

WHERE THE WATER WOULD GO,

HOW MUCH OF IT IS LIKELY TO HIT

IN THE AREA OF TUTANKHAMEN,

BURYING THE ENTRANCE OF THAT TOMB

AND CONCEALING IT.

Narrator: HE MAPS THE VALLEY

TO FIGURE OUT WHERE WATER WOULD FLOW.

Weeks: RIGHT IN THE HEART OF THE VALLEY IS KV-62,

THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN.

IT'S LOCATED IN A VERY CENTRAL POSITION.

IF THERE IS RAINFALL ALMOST ANYWHERE,

THAT WATER IS GOING TO WASH DOWN

INTO THE VALLEY AT CONSIDERABLE SPEED

AND BURYING A LOT OF FLOOD DEBRIS

RIGHT INTO THE ENTRANCE OF THE TOMB.

Narrator: BURIED BENEATH SO MUCH RUBBLE,

TUT'S TOMB WOULD HAVE BEEN ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO FIND.

Weeks: WHEN HOWARD CARTER CAME ALONG

TO EXCAVATE THAT AREA,

HE SAW THE WORKMEN'S HUTS,

HE SAW FLOOD DEBRIS BELOW IT

AND DECIDED, INITIALLY, "THERE'S PROBABLY NOTHING HERE,"

BUT HE PERSISTED IN HIS EXCAVATIONS.

HE DUG THROUGH A WORKMEN'S VILLAGE,

THROUGH FLOOD DEBRIS,

UNTIL FINALLY, HE DISCOVERED THE TOMB

HE REALLY HAD BEEN LOOKING FOR ALL ALONG.

Narrator: TUTANKHAMEN'S TREASURE WAS PROTECTED BY A FLOOD,

BUT THAT STROKE OF LUCK

STILL DOESN'T ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS.

IF EGYPTIANS KNEW THERE WAS A PHARAOH'S FORTUNE HIDDEN

IN THE FLOOD-DAMAGED VALLEY,

WHY DIDN'T THE ANCIENT THIEVES GO LOOKING FOR IT,

JUST LIKE CARTER DID IN THE '20s?

TODAY, NEW RESEARCH IS UNRAVELING

A SORDID TALE OF HIGH POLITICS

AND INTRIGUE

THAT COULD HAVE SAFEGUARDED THE BOY KING'S TOMB

BY ERASING HIM FROM HISTORY.

*

Narrator: THE TOMB OF KING TUTANKHAMEN --

A FLASH FLOOD CONCEALED

AN UNPRECEDENTED HOARD

OF EGYPTIAN TREASURE THAT MADE TUT WORLD FAMOUS,

BUT A FLOOD MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN THE ONLY REASON

THAT THE TOMB LAID UNTOUCHED FOR OVER 3,000 YEARS.

TODAY, KENT WEEKS IS CROSSING THE NILE

TO FIND CLUES FOR ANOTHER POSSIBILITY

THAT PERHAPS NOBODY KNEW THE TOMB EXISTED.

HE BELIEVES THE NAME TUTANKHAMEN

COULD HAVE BEEN DELIBERATELY SCRUBBED FROM ANCIENT RECORDS.

NOBODY HAD BEEN LOOKING FOR THE TOMB OF THIS PERSON.

HIS NAME PROBABLY DIDN'T EVEN REGISTER

ON THE LIST OF PHARAOHS

THAT EARLIER EXCAVATORS WERE LOOKING FOR.

BY MOST CRITERION, TUTANKHAMEN WOULD BE

AN UNREMARKABLE,

UNIMPORTANT, ALMOST UNKNOWN PHARAOH.

Narrator: KENT WANTS TO INVESTIGATE INSCRIPTIONS

IN THE VAST TEMPLE COMPLEX AT LUXOR.

ANCIENT LUXOR WAS THE RELIGIOUS

AND POLITICAL CENTER OF THE EGYPTIAN EMPIRE

FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS.

THE ART ON THE WALLS

REPRESENTS EGYPT'S GREATEST RULERS.

TUTANKHAMEN'S NAME SHOULD BE EVERYWHERE,

BUT IT'S NOT,

AND KENT BELIEVES TUTANKHAMEN'S FATHER,

AKHENATEN, IS TO BLAME.

Weeks: AKHENATEN'S MAJOR CHANGES WERE CLOSING THE TEMPLES

OF VIRTUALLY ALL EGYPTIAN DEITIES.

THE TEMPLES PLAYED A VERY ACTIVE ROLE

IN THE ECONOMY OF EGYPT

AND SO BY CLOSING THE TEMPLES,

HE WAS, IN EFFECT,

GUTTING THE WHOLE FOUNDATION

OF THE EGYPTIAN ECONOMIC STRUCTURE,

SO THIS AFFECTED ALMOST ALL ASPECTS OF EGYPTIAN SOCIETY.

IT ALSO PRESUMABLY PUT A LOT OF PEOPLE OUT OF WORK.

IT WAS A TRAUMATIC TIME.

Narrator: KENT BELIEVES AKHENATEN WAS SO UNPOPULAR

THAT HIS SON, TUTANKHAMEN,

WAS TARRED WITH THE SAME BRUSH

AND HIS NAME WIPED FROM THE TEMPLE.

KENT FINDS EVIDENCE IN A CARVING

OF A FRESH-FACED YOUNG PHARAOH.

Weeks: THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF THE PROCESSION,

UP AT THE TOP, REPRESENTATION OF THE KING.

Narrator: HE BELIEVES THIS FIGURE

CAN ONLY BE KING TUT,

BUT SURPRISINGLY, THE HIEROGLYPHS NEXT

TO THE PICTURE READ A DIFFERENT NAME.

Weeks: HERE HIS NAME, TUTANKHAMEN,

HAS BEEN ERASED AND REPLACED BY HIS SUCCESSOR.

THE NAME IS NOW HOREMHEB.

Narrator: THE CARVING ON THE RIGHT APPEARS

TO BE DEEPER THAN THOSE AROUND IT.

KENT SEES THIS AS EVIDENCE

THAT THE ORIGINAL NAME WAS CHISELED OUT,

AND HOREMHEB'S NAME WAS CARVED IN THE SPACE.

ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS THAT HOREMHEB DID

WHEN HE TOOK OVER THE THRONE FROM YOUNG TUTANKHAMEN

WAS TO TRY TO EXPUNGE FROM THE RECORD

ANY EVIDENCE OF THIS HERETICAL PERIOD.

AKHENATEN AND TUTANKHAMEN WERE SO DISLIKED

THAT HOREMHEB TRIED TO REMOVE ALL TRACE OF THEM.

LATER RULERS, INCLUDING RAMESSES II,

WENT AFTER THIS KIND OF WORK BIG TIME,

ERASING THE NAME OF AKHENATEN AND TUTANKHAMEN

WHENEVER HE FOUND IT.

Narrator: TUTANKHAMEN WAS SCRUBBED FROM THE HISTORY BOOKS,

SO UNTIL HOWARD CARTER CAME ALONG,

NOBODY THOUGHT TO LOOK FOR THE FORGOTTEN

TOMB OF THE FORGOTTEN PHARAOH.

Weeks: IT'S IRONIC IN A WAY THAT THIS YOUNG BOY KING

WHO DIDN'T HAVE ANY AUTHORITY,

WHO PROBABLY WAS SITTING AT HOME PLAYING WITH HIS TOYS,

BECAME ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL SYMBOLS OF ANCIENT EGYPT.

Narrator: BECAUSE HIS TOMB SURVIVED INTACT,

TUTANKHAMEN WAS RISEN FROM MINOR PHARAOH

TO THE MOST THE MOST FAMOUS OF THEM ALL.

ON TOMB INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE OLD KINGDOM ONWARD,

THERE ARE OFTEN TEXTS THAT SAY, "O, YE TRAVEL,

IF YOU PASS BY THIS TOMB AND SPEAK MY NAME,

I WILL RICHLY REWARD YOU." WHY?

BECAUSE YOU COULD ENSURE

THE ETERNAL LIFE OF AN INDIVIDUAL

SIMPLY BY REPEATING HIS NAME

AND WHO OF ALL THE PHARAOHS IN EGYPT,

HAS HIS NAME REPEATED MORE OFTEN

EVERYDAY BY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE

AROUND THE WORLD THAN TUTANKHAMEN?

TUTANKHAMEN, TUTANKHAMEN.

HE, ABOVE ALL OTHER PHARAOHS,

I THINK, IS GUARANTEED ETERNAL LIFE.

Narrator: WHEN THE BOY KING DIED,

HIS MUMMY WAS RUSHED INTO A TOMB

NEVER MEANT FOR A PHARAOH.

THIS RUSHED JOB, A FLASH FLOOD

AND A FINAL ACT OF TREACHERY TRANSFORMED

A MINOR KING FROM OBSCURITY

INTO A MODERN-DAY LEGEND.

FOR 3,000 YEARS,

HIS MUMMY LAY UNDISTURBED

INSIDE HIS GOLDEN COFFIN,

SURROUNDED BY HOARDS

OF SHIMMERING TREASURES.

HE ALONE HAS STEPPED OVER HIS GREATEST RIVALS

TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL

OF ALL PHARAOHS --

IMMORTALITY.

*