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[Music]
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Val ayatollah khomeini the architect and
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the face of the Iranian Revolution one
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thing that was attractive about him is
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that he wasn't after power he wanted to
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serve the people of him
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but rarely in modern history has a man
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who did not seek power come to wield so
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much of it
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overall he took pleasure in seeking
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power we should have known better grand
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ayatollah khomeini a leading religious
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scholar became the spiritual leader of
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the Iranian Revolution the revolution
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would have a wide-ranging impact on the
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region and would Herald
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an era of defiance and conflicts between
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Iran and the West one that continues to
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this day
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[Music]
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for such an iconic figure little is
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known about the early life of Rahula
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Mousavi home a knee he was born in 1902
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it's believed in the north central town
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of co-main into a family with a long
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tradition of religious worship a
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tradition that would continue he proved
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to be a prodigious pupil especially in
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areas of Islamic law he was a star
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student to the foremost ayatollahs of
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the day in the leading seminaries in the
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holy city of Qom which remains to this
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day the center of sheer religious
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learning a world far removed from that
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of Iran's royal family Imam Khomeini as
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Buzzelli Imam Khomeini as a scholar had
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a special place in the religious school
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of gum especially in areas of Sharia
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laws and jurisprudence in addition to
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philosophy and mysticism having this
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position he was thoroughly anti Pallavi
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royal family regime in terms of
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knowledge and morality he was at a very
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high level and he was not after either
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position or worldly possessions he had
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only God in his mind and whoever lives
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this way God will help from the outset
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Khomeini was drawn to the relationship
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between politics and religion in
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particular the role of the clergy in
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politics in his 20s he would develop his
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theory of vely are teeth appear the
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guardianship of Duras consul or clerical
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authority something that would become a
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central tenet in the establishment of
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the Islamic Republic in his talks with
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religious scholars and leaders he raised
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the issue of saving Iran and saving
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Islam he saw that we needed to overthrow
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the Pallavi dynasty
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khomeini became a lecturer at religious
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seminaries in pom and in Najaf in iraq
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two of Shir Islam's most important
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cities teaching political philosophy and
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Islamic history and ethics and his
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hostility to the Shahs reign began to
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receive wider attention he became the
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main speaker of the opposition inside
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Iran and he gained their ground for what
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he was doing because correctly he was
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continuously attacking the shores
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brutality because of that he gained US
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popular support of the people in 1963
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the Shah instituted wide-ranging reforms
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the so-called white revolution changed
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the laws on land ownership and gave
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women the right to vote in another move
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that inflamed his critics American
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military personnel living in Iran were
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granted freedom from prosecution for
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[Music]
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Ayatollah Khomeini this was unbearable
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his criticism of the Shahs lavish
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lifestyle and infamous brutality had
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been muted compared to his condemnation
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of the new reforms who many reply to the
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Shahs announcement saying that as far as
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we know men are not free to vote since
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when are women free to vote as well he
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made a sharp attack against the Shah
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himself saying that if he did not change
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his ways the day would come when the
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people would offer up thanks for his
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departure from the country
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it was a measure of Khomeini's following
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that his comments led to an uprising
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income in June of 1963 he was arrested
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and soon exiled after a two-year stay in
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Turkey
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he returned to magic in Iraq where he
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had pursued his religious studies years
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earlier he continued his sermons as well
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as his attacks on the sharp port exile
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did not silence Moore's impunity
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Linda gears a tomando reserve his
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program in Najaf was a simple and
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ordinary one he was teaching and
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continuing the struggle his speeches had
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a great impact on people
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exile empowered Jimena even further
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he now enjoyed the complete freedom to
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express his dislike of the Shah and his
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policies he presided over a complex
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network of followers who had carried
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tape recordings of his writings and
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speeches back to Iran where they were
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repeated and distributed in mosques
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throughout the country Khomeini was
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becoming the voice of opposition to
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Iran's ruling elite anyone has a
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physique he was physically in Najaf but
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through friends and foreign media he
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would get information about the
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situation here no one in the close
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circle would do anything without his
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permission his knowledge was so acute
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that he knew details of what was going
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on here that even Iranians didn't know
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he it was a man that who is in the
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position can challenge your very
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effectively the political wisdom was
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telling me that I have to cooperate with
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him the quality which made Khomeini the
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central unifying figure and symbol of
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the Islamic Revolution was that he was
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sealed by all anti-shah forces as a
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humble and above all honest man with no
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ambitions for himself after reading his
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writings I came into his presence and I
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felt myself before one who in whom there
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was no gap between word and deed between
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thought and action
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[Music]
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Khomeini was becoming the public face of
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opposition to the Iranian royal family
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to the outside world
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he was the stern unbending critic of the
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Shahs regime but little is known about
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his private life by the time of his
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exile in 1963 who was already 62 years
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old and the father of seven children
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though only five survived through
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infancy he also had 15 grandchildren his
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immediate family saw a very different
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side of Ayatollah Khomeini I can dare
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say that he was the best grandfather in
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the world maybe in the world of politics
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he was very senior and powerful but when
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he came back home we would forget that
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he was the Imam with all that power and
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that he shook the world all the children
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small and big ones loved him not because
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he was the Imam or the leader of the
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country but because of his kindness and
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sensitivities his children and the
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grandchildren all loved him a very kind
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and gentle person
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Romanies public resistance to women's
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rights was also quite different to how
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he treated them in private
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Navajo doctors he loved his
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granddaughter's most of all he himself
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was very chic and well-dressed he would
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say to us women are so smart they take
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all the good things for themselves
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you could smell his perfume from ten
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meters away he usually wore woman's
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perfume
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as for Manny's influence and following
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swelled inside Iran authorities in
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Tehran were also on the scent and wanted
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to stop him but the only thing the chars
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government could do was to ask Saddam
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Hussein to silence Khomeini from his
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exile in Niger it worked and in October
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of 1978 Khomeini once again found
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himself without a country he was soon to
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find sanctuary in Europe it was an
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unlikely refuge for such a religious
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leader I proposed me that we should go
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to Paris first he didn't agree because
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it was very it was very heavy idea for a
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high much they had a reverend in his
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calibre to go to paris such a romantic
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city somehow we were also concerned what
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the reactionary clergy would react to
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his trip to paris he said ok we go to
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Paris of course there was some good
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reason that we choose Paris what
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happened all of a sudden the movement
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became internationalized mirthless
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Chateau became the new nerve center of
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Romania steam and the ayatollahs
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temporary home I was responsible during
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those few mouths in the flesh I told in
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all press conferences and interviews I
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worked in LA khomeini I mean the
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journalist the translation and
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everything another responsibility of
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mine was looking at - more than 20
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newspapers journals every day looking
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for the news and I prepared a news
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briefing every night for right along
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it was here just outside one of Europe's
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most glamorous and historic cities that
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the final plans for the Iranian
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Revolution were being drawn for what who
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mainly believed to have been his and
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Iran's destiny
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[Music]
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you
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[Music]
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the world was witnessing at first the
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leader of a strategic oil-rich country
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allied with the West on the brink of
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being overthrown by revolution led by a
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quiet simple spiritual leader it was a
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romantic image for the Western media who
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inevitably compared formini to Gandhi
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meanwhile Tehran streets were taken over
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by mass protests communists nationalist
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socialists joined the revolutionary
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movement and by this time Ayatollah
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Khomeini was the undisputed figure
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around which they could unify their
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opposition to the Shah I don't think at
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the first day that he came to Paris he
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believed like that I think that like us
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he believed that we will have a long way
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to go but by the end of November and
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December all the country was under his
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control the position of Khomeini in the
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revolution was such that because of his
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religious high rank he was able to
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address what we need people in the
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street from all walks of life in big
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cities in a small cities even the
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villages because he was a religious man
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many people they felt religiously
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obliged to come and work in January 1979
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the sharp was forced to flee he was now
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the one in exile for the next two weeks
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the country was preparing for Ayatollah
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Khomeini's return home after 16 years
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the revolution had been won it was
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reported that on the way back from his
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final exile in France - to Iran he was
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asked by one of the journalists
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accompanying him what do you feel at
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this point and he said nothing which was
261
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misinterpreted as a sign of gross
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insensitivity
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on the contrary was an indication of a
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deep inner calm it as the whole world
265
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watched the historic event form a nice
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sense of absolute certainty remained
267
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unprecedented crowds greeted his return
268
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On February the 1st 1979 it seemed as
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though all of Tehran had turned out
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millions lined the streets from the
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airport to the nearby Beheshti Zafar
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cemetery where he finally addressed the
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people I think that in the beginning he
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didn't much care if he was to have an
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official position within the governing
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hierarchy was leader of the revolution
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it was only after the Revolution when
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the the Council of experts Reva
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reviewing the draft constitution they
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were incorporated his position within
281
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the Constitution the Constitution was
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written around jiménez ideology of
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Velayati fatigue a religious
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guardianship of the country a belief
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that no law is greater than the law of
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God was the cornerstone of Ayatollah
287
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Khomeini's philosophy it had become the
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principle around which the new
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constitution would be written it would
290
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also lead to Ayatollah Khomeini's
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appointments as Iran's supreme leader we
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oppose this idea saying that he promised
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in France that the guardianship would be
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with the people and not with him replied
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that he had told a white lie
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from then on we realized he was a liar
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of course in the first constitution the
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country was under the guardianship of
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the people but in the first Assembly of
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Experts they changed his rule in favor
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of Khomeini Khomeini was to have final
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word on all decisions he appointed the
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first post-revolution government top
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posts went to revolutionary leaders and
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Claire
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many of whom used their newfound power
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to exact revenge on the chars associates
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many point to the revolutionary cords as
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the hallmark of what life after the
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Islamic Revolution would be like a place
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with makeshift tribunals that claim to
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be trying prisoners for such crimes as
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sowing corruption on earth and crimes
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against the people
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Romanies opponents lay responsibility at
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his feet
317
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hey there are hot overall he took
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pleasure in taking power and he didn't
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want freedom
320
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he ordered political prisoners to be
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asked three questions and if even one of
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their answers was wrong they would be
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executed a normal individual would never
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take this approach several people talk
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to him that this is not ever but he he
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one of his estate really told me that if
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you want revolution to sexy sometimes
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you need to kill the ideals and
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aspirations of every revolution become
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lost with the grim reality of
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revolutionary power Iran was to be no
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different the West's romantic image of
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the Revolution was about to end it would
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come in November 1979 American supports
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for the Shah was a key motivation for
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the revolution and the issue was about
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to come to a head
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[Music]
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University students acting on their own
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stormed the American Embassy in Tehran
341
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and took those inside hostage they
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claimed the Embassy workers were all
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spies and were plotting to overthrow for
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mania and his government Iran and the
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world were awaiting for millions
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reaction Khomeini was very sensitive to
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the opinion of the masses there was a
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big rally there and that value was
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broadcast and that rally were influenced
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Khomeini immediately the same Sunday
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that I went to visit him I told him what
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has happened his first reaction that
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afternoon to me was go and kicked him
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out who are they
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but many dispute this version of events
356
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they are Italia Troy the supreme leader
357
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would never say such a thing
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if he had made any hint that he was
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unhappy about such an incident they
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would have ended it immediately whatever
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his private misgivings may have been for
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meny publicly gave his blessing to the
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embassy attack a decision that provoked
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uproar amongst many Iranian politicians
365
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the hostage-taking took place in sunday
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in monday the cabinet unanimously voted
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for resignation and internationally
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Khomeini was immediately vilified by
369
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most Western governments for his defense
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of the hostage takers gone forever was
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the image of the Gandhi like spiritual
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leader built up by the Western media in
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its place was the image of the Muslim
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cleric which fills the Western media to
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this day harsh angry and implacably
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hostile and above all to be feared
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the hostages would be held captive for
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444 days as from Amy became the target
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of international condemnation Iran was
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hit with harsh economic and political
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sanctions occupying the nest of
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espionage for 444 days and taking
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hostages were not in our national
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interest at all
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later it was obvious and other groups
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agreed with us this act was not in
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Iran's national interest the entire
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civilian cabinet resigned but for
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Khomeini this was an opportunity to
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consolidate his idea of Velayati 50 the
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world's first theocratic state the
392
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revolution was not yet a year old but
393
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was already beset by criticism at home
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and abroad
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[Music]
396
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emboldened by US military and financial
397
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support Saddam Hussein invaded Iran in
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September 1980 a country still in the
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midst of revolution which he thought
400
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he'd overwhelmed quickly the u.s. and
401
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Iran had become implacable enemies most
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Arab governments who were one party
403
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stage saw absolute monarchies were
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terrified of the idea of Islamic
405
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Revolution and supported and funded him
406
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for mainly seeing the conflict as an
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opportunity to consolidate the clerical
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hold on power described it as a wall
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sent by God it was on his orders that
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ceasefire requests by Iraq were
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dismissed with deadly consequences he
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could avoid devar and more than that
413
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suppose that Saddam was an aggressor
414
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attacked Iran after two years we
415
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succeeded to kick him out of the our
416
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country we have to stop ask for
417
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ceasefire Bartolome need was persuaded
418
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by Telegraph's and Johnny his closest
419
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aide and he was persuaded by the top
420
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commanders of Revolutionary Guard like
421
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most in Arezzo
422
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that we have to go inside Iraq we have
423
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to release conquer Basra Iranian forces
424
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went on the offensive and the prolonged
425
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and bloody stalemate ensued the
426
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iran-iraq war would last for eight years
427
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and ultimately claimed more than a
428
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million lives it is often said that war
429
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is never won but this saying can sell
430
00:20:33,930 --> 00:20:36,090
them have run more true than for the
431
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Iranians who had incurred such terrible
432
00:20:38,220 --> 00:20:44,040
losses what a stefani giant war had this
433
00:20:44,040 --> 00:20:46,680
destiny for our nation to lose all these
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human resources and genuine capitals by
435
00:20:50,730 --> 00:20:52,440
the time a ceasefire was agreed in
436
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August 1988 Grand Ayatollah Khomeini was
437
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in his
438
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he's suffering from heart problems
439
00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:03,490
though it had been expected for some
440
00:21:03,490 --> 00:21:06,220
time Ayatollah Khomeini's death on June
441
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the 3rd 1989 stunned the nation despite
442
00:21:10,750 --> 00:21:12,910
everything that had been done in his
443
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name and the revolutions name he was
444
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still revered and venerated by millions
445
00:21:17,980 --> 00:21:21,820
who came out to Morgan the grief so
446
00:21:21,820 --> 00:21:24,460
intense that his body was almost pulled
447
00:21:24,460 --> 00:21:26,830
to the ground as throngs try to touch
448
00:21:26,830 --> 00:21:27,340
him
449
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the funeral was so significant that it
450
00:21:29,950 --> 00:21:31,780
took precedence in the international
451
00:21:31,780 --> 00:21:33,640
media over the Chairman's Square
452
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massacre Manuel Montero Tatar they
453
00:21:37,750 --> 00:21:41,050
thought he not only changed a region he
454
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gave a personality to the Islamic world
455
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I wouldn't say that everything that
456
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happened during the Revolution was
457
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correct but Imam Khomeini was very
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influential in world history as well as
459
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the Islamic history if we see progress
460
00:21:54,190 --> 00:21:56,110
in the Islamic in the Arab world today
461
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it's due to his thinking and thoughts he
462
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gave identity to Muslims around the
463
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world everyone accepts this I'm honoured
464
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that such person is my grandfather the
465
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legacy of Ayatollah Khomeini cannot be
466
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underestimated his life and his force
467
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still permeates every aspect of life
468
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here he is still very present in Iranian
469
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life presence that echoes still
470
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throughout
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of the world
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[Music]
33387