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1
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Iceberg, right ahead!
2
00:00:09,718 --> 00:00:12,562
This is the part of Titanic's story
we all know.
3
00:00:18,435 --> 00:00:21,275
But what happened to Titanic
after the last eyewitness
4
00:00:21,276 --> 00:00:23,273
saw her slip beneath the surface?
5
00:00:26,944 --> 00:00:29,948
Titanic is
the perfect unsolved murder mystery.
6
00:00:30,155 --> 00:00:33,910
It hit there, but then it kind of whiplashes
when it hits the ground back here.
7
00:00:33,911 --> 00:00:36,456
What happened
in the final minutes of the ship?
8
00:00:36,457 --> 00:00:39,457
How did it break up? How did it fall?
How did it hit the bottom?
9
00:00:39,458 --> 00:00:41,499
Why did she sink so fast?
10
00:00:41,500 --> 00:00:43,628
Could more lives have been saved?
11
00:00:43,629 --> 00:00:46,587
Did I get the details right
in the feature film?
12
00:00:46,588 --> 00:00:49,215
No, I'm talking about the sinking,
the way you depicted the sinking.
13
00:00:49,216 --> 00:00:50,736
We didn't do it 'cause we didn't know.
14
00:00:51,134 --> 00:00:53,557
For the first time ever,
I've gathered all the evidence
15
00:00:53,558 --> 00:00:56,931
and eight of the world's
leading Titanic experts
16
00:00:56,932 --> 00:00:58,730
all together, in one place.
17
00:00:59,643 --> 00:01:00,982
Some have been to the wreck,
18
00:01:00,983 --> 00:01:03,149
some approach it through the testimony,
19
00:01:03,150 --> 00:01:05,693
some approach it
through the physical forensics.
20
00:01:05,694 --> 00:01:07,155
We respectfully disagree.
21
00:01:07,156 --> 00:01:11,492
No one gets out of this room
until we piece together, once and for all,
22
00:01:11,493 --> 00:01:14,078
what happened in Titanic's final minutes.
23
00:01:14,079 --> 00:01:16,702
We're going to argue.
I guarantee it. It'll get heated.
24
00:01:17,661 --> 00:01:19,375
Coincidence? There's no coincidence.
25
00:01:19,376 --> 00:01:20,960
There's no such thing as coincidence.
26
00:01:20,961 --> 00:01:22,082
- I agree.
- No.
27
00:01:23,542 --> 00:01:26,794
Now, on the 100th anniversary
of the tragedy,
28
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fifteen years after the
film's initial release,
29
00:01:30,632 --> 00:01:32,634
it's time for the final word
30
00:01:33,385 --> 00:01:35,479
on what really happened to Titanic.
31
00:01:41,351 --> 00:01:44,480
Mir I, Mir I. Jake is coming out
of his search. Over.
32
00:01:44,771 --> 00:01:46,318
Here he comes. He's out.
33
00:01:56,033 --> 00:01:59,412
I feel like I've lived on Titanic
certainly much longer than
34
00:01:59,413 --> 00:02:03,257
any of the people who were
actually involved in the event did.
35
00:02:03,999 --> 00:02:07,799
I've got it ingrained in my memory.
I could walk the ship in my sleep.
36
00:02:14,051 --> 00:02:15,553
Keep lowering!
37
00:02:24,853 --> 00:02:26,520
When I see the model,
38
00:02:26,521 --> 00:02:32,818
it just brings back to me all those nights
of shooting with the crowds,
39
00:02:32,819 --> 00:02:35,368
running and screaming up the decks.
40
00:02:38,909 --> 00:02:41,207
Then going back to one
and doing it ail again.
41
00:02:47,751 --> 00:02:48,923
See you in the sunshine.
42
00:02:56,176 --> 00:03:00,431
For me, film-making comes out of my desire
to explore unknown worlds.
43
00:03:01,431 --> 00:03:03,852
You want to see Titanic on the sonar?
Check this out, bro.
44
00:03:03,853 --> 00:03:04,942
You're gonna love this.
45
00:03:08,438 --> 00:03:12,443
I wanted to dive the wreck
more than I wanted to make the movie.
46
00:03:12,984 --> 00:03:16,454
Diving the wreck was
my way into the story.
47
00:03:17,614 --> 00:03:19,537
- There she is, baby.
- Oh, yeah.
48
00:03:23,745 --> 00:03:25,622
It's a dream come true for me.
49
00:03:29,501 --> 00:03:31,799
Titanic does not give
up her secrets easily.
50
00:03:36,174 --> 00:03:37,425
The more you work on this,
51
00:03:37,426 --> 00:03:40,600
the more you can bring it into focus
and fill in the gaps.
52
00:03:41,805 --> 00:03:43,603
And there are some enigmas.
53
00:03:44,057 --> 00:03:45,850
Thank: is like a fractal,
54
00:03:45,851 --> 00:03:49,651
the closer you get to it,
the more you see completely new patterns.
55
00:03:52,274 --> 00:03:55,528
There have been a lot of ideas,
a lot of theories.
56
00:03:55,529 --> 00:03:57,069
It's time to just say,
57
00:03:57,070 --> 00:04:00,290
"This is what really happened,
to the best of our collective knowledge."
58
00:04:01,491 --> 00:04:04,994
This shouldn't be all sort of nicey-nicey,
blowing pink smoke around.
59
00:04:04,995 --> 00:04:06,120
Let's beat it up.
60
00:04:06,121 --> 00:04:08,795
That's the best way to
arrive at an answer that makes sense.
61
00:04:08,796 --> 00:04:14,342
My Titanic dream team includes
Ken Marschall, artist, visual historian.
62
00:04:14,880 --> 00:04:19,681
P. H-Nargeolet, explorer,
Underwater Operations, RMS Titanic.
63
00:04:20,010 --> 00:04:24,516
Bill Sauder, historian,
Director of Research, RMS Titanic.
64
00:04:24,973 --> 00:04:27,476
Parks Stephenson,
Naval Systems Engineer.
65
00:04:27,893 --> 00:04:31,898
Don Lynch, Chief Historian
of the Titanic Historical Society.
66
00:04:31,899 --> 00:04:36,698
Dave Gallo, Director of Special Projects
at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
67
00:04:37,110 --> 00:04:41,365
Commander Jeffrey Stettler,
Naval Architect, US Naval Academy.
68
00:04:41,698 --> 00:04:45,748
Brian Thomas, Coast Guard Naval Architect
and Salvage Engineer.
69
00:04:46,703 --> 00:04:49,456
We have the team and the tools.
70
00:04:50,791 --> 00:04:54,216
From hundreds of hours
of my expedition dive footage,
71
00:04:54,217 --> 00:04:57,306
to deck plans and survivor testimony,
72
00:04:58,298 --> 00:05:00,049
we're going to take all we learned
73
00:05:00,050 --> 00:05:02,428
and create a new visualization
of the sinking.
74
00:05:03,512 --> 00:05:05,638
From iceberg to bottom,
75
00:05:05,639 --> 00:05:09,234
it's never been animated so precisely
and so dramatically.
76
00:05:09,768 --> 00:05:12,612
We're determined, once and for all,
to learn what happened
77
00:05:12,613 --> 00:05:16,732
after Titanic disappeared
beneath the surface 100 years ago.
78
00:05:16,733 --> 00:05:19,655
It's a good, just kind of
drive-a-stake-in-the-ground moment
79
00:05:19,656 --> 00:05:21,747
for us to say, "Let's
get the history right."
80
00:05:22,572 --> 00:05:26,418
To me, the exercise of making the movie
and preparing to make the movie
81
00:05:26,419 --> 00:05:30,204
was about understanding history.
82
00:05:30,205 --> 00:05:31,582
Like, what is history?
83
00:05:31,583 --> 00:05:35,167
History is
this kind of consensus hallucination.
84
00:05:35,168 --> 00:05:39,463
There are some people who, they tell
the story like it happened yesterday.
85
00:05:39,464 --> 00:05:42,388
And then there are others who,
over the years, have been telling the story
86
00:05:42,389 --> 00:05:44,305
and the story changes, you know?
So, yeah.
87
00:05:44,306 --> 00:05:47,600
And how much does the telling of the story
become the memory,
88
00:05:47,601 --> 00:05:49,224
as opposed to the memory itself?
89
00:05:50,100 --> 00:05:53,936
Our task here is to
separate perception from truth.
90
00:05:53,937 --> 00:05:56,065
So what is it that we know for sure?
91
00:05:57,023 --> 00:06:01,244
At the time of her construction,
“tank: was the largest ship ever built,
92
00:06:01,736 --> 00:06:07,783
882 feet and nine inches long
and standing nearly 20 stories high.
93
00:06:07,784 --> 00:06:10,503
Her weight was over 46,000 tons.
94
00:06:12,414 --> 00:06:14,792
Her hull spanned four city blocks.
95
00:06:19,379 --> 00:06:23,465
She had nine decks
encompassing 370 first-class cabins,
96
00:06:23,466 --> 00:06:26,302
168 second-class cabins,
97
00:06:26,303 --> 00:06:28,852
and 297 third-class cabins.
98
00:06:30,515 --> 00:06:34,065
Accommodations for up to 3,547 people.
99
00:06:46,156 --> 00:06:49,033
Mechanically, she was state of the art,
100
00:06:49,034 --> 00:06:53,164
fitted with 29 boilers and 159 furnaces.
101
00:06:54,372 --> 00:06:57,501
Each of her steam engines
was the size of a three-story house.
102
00:06:59,169 --> 00:07:02,594
Over 6,000 tons of coal
filled her coal bunkers.
103
00:07:05,216 --> 00:07:10,679
From her innovative double-bottom keel,
to her 16 water-tight compartments,
104
00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:13,103
Titanic was considered unsinkable.
105
00:07:20,273 --> 00:07:23,195
Each compartment had doors
that were designed to dose automatically
106
00:07:23,196 --> 00:07:25,195
if the water level
rose above a certain height.
107
00:07:26,363 --> 00:07:28,202
Titanic would be able to stay afloat
108
00:07:28,203 --> 00:07:32,044
if any two compartments
or the first four became flooded.
109
00:07:34,371 --> 00:07:36,085
According to her builders,
110
00:07:36,086 --> 00:07:41,008
even in the worst possible accident at sea,
Titanic was virtually unsinkable.
111
00:07:52,973 --> 00:07:55,567
- Iceberg, right ahead!
- Thank you.
112
00:07:56,810 --> 00:08:02,314
But we know that on April 14, 1912,
Titanic sideswiped an iceberg
113
00:08:02,315 --> 00:08:04,400
and sank in two hours and 40 minutes.
114
00:08:04,401 --> 00:08:05,402
Full astern!
115
00:08:07,862 --> 00:08:09,910
- Hard over.
- Helm's hard over, sir.
116
00:08:18,123 --> 00:08:19,625
Why ain't they turning?
117
00:08:19,626 --> 00:08:23,049
- Is it hard over?!
- It is. Yes sir. Hard over.
118
00:08:34,180 --> 00:08:37,730
One hundred years later,
this is what's left of Titanic,
119
00:08:38,435 --> 00:08:40,608
a tangled wreck on the ocean floor.
120
00:08:41,312 --> 00:08:43,440
Thousands of broken pieces.
121
00:08:44,733 --> 00:08:46,697
But from her rust-covered remains,
122
00:08:46,698 --> 00:08:50,243
we may still be able to figure out
what happened in her last moments.
123
00:08:53,366 --> 00:08:56,370
Well, it's very important to find out
where all the objects wound up.
124
00:08:56,371 --> 00:08:58,790
And then you can
work backwards from that
125
00:08:58,791 --> 00:09:01,758
to sort of reconstruct
how the processes got started.
126
00:09:05,378 --> 00:09:08,052
You've got to
peel away the bottom impact,
127
00:09:08,798 --> 00:09:11,800
and you got to understand
what happened in the water column,
128
00:09:11,801 --> 00:09:13,801
you got to understand
what happened at the surface.
129
00:09:14,804 --> 00:09:16,850
Then maybe you can work your way back
130
00:09:16,851 --> 00:09:19,397
to what actually set off the sinking
in the first place.
131
00:09:20,310 --> 00:09:22,274
It's like a murder-mystery case
132
00:09:22,275 --> 00:09:24,146
where some piece of evidence is an outlier.
133
00:09:24,147 --> 00:09:25,486
Everything fits perfectly,
134
00:09:25,487 --> 00:09:28,905
but there's one outlying piece of evidence,
and it seems so trivial,
135
00:09:28,906 --> 00:09:30,741
and yet it unwinds everything else.
136
00:09:30,742 --> 00:09:32,865
It's a great forensic
process to go through.
137
00:09:32,866 --> 00:09:36,368
It's the same thing that they do
at an NTSB analysis of a crash site
138
00:09:36,369 --> 00:09:37,493
for an airliner.
139
00:09:37,494 --> 00:09:39,454
You know, "How did that engine
get way over there?
140
00:09:39,496 --> 00:09:41,455
"How did that wind up two miles back?"
141
00:09:41,456 --> 00:09:43,550
You know, you can't really
piece together what happened
142
00:09:43,551 --> 00:09:47,466
until you can account for every
single piece and where it got there.
143
00:09:49,130 --> 00:09:52,134
Four hundred miles
off the coast of Newfoundland,
144
00:09:52,135 --> 00:09:55,433
and two and a half miles
beneath the surface of the North Atlantic,
145
00:09:55,434 --> 00:09:56,975
lies Titanic.
146
00:09:58,014 --> 00:10:00,854
The wreck site spans
a mile of the sea floor,
147
00:10:00,855 --> 00:10:02,602
and is anything but accessible.
148
00:10:05,772 --> 00:10:09,695
It takes about two-and-a-half hours
to descend in a submersible.
149
00:10:09,696 --> 00:10:11,740
Daylight doesn't reach this depth.
150
00:10:11,986 --> 00:10:13,488
It's eternal darkness.
151
00:10:15,198 --> 00:10:19,044
Here, we find the bow and stern section
2,000 feet apart.
152
00:10:21,412 --> 00:10:24,915
We find the ship's boilers
clustered east of the stern.
153
00:10:24,916 --> 00:10:27,419
Cargo cranes sheared from the deck.
154
00:10:29,003 --> 00:10:30,880
Broken pieces of funnel.
155
00:10:32,132 --> 00:10:33,759
Ground-up shell plating.
156
00:10:34,467 --> 00:10:37,220
Sections of the ship's keel,
or double bottom.
157
00:10:38,263 --> 00:10:41,686
Rudders and propellers
pinned in the sediment, intact.
158
00:10:41,687 --> 00:10:43,435
An open shell door at D deck.
159
00:10:44,185 --> 00:10:47,146
There are sewing plates, tea cups, shoes,
160
00:10:47,147 --> 00:10:49,982
countless personal artifacts.
161
00:10:49,983 --> 00:10:52,818
These are all clues in the mystery.
162
00:10:52,819 --> 00:10:55,572
What caused
this magnitude of destruction?
163
00:10:56,698 --> 00:10:58,871
How can we begin to make sense of it?
164
00:11:00,326 --> 00:11:02,873
So, it's good to wrap
our heads around this.
165
00:11:02,874 --> 00:11:05,294
So, now you start looking
at a debris field map.
166
00:11:08,126 --> 00:11:11,596
It's part of that crime scene recreation
167
00:11:12,255 --> 00:11:16,091
of seeing everything on this macro level.
168
00:11:16,092 --> 00:11:20,554
We can get down to individual images
of each individual piece,
169
00:11:20,555 --> 00:11:24,605
but you need the context of it,
to keep that forest in sight.
170
00:11:24,606 --> 00:11:28,353
You have to have
that map of the wreck site
171
00:11:28,354 --> 00:11:30,448
to do any meaningful forensics.
172
00:11:31,649 --> 00:11:35,861
Titanic's bow and stern are torn in two
and lie apart,
173
00:11:35,862 --> 00:11:37,783
like a crime scene where the body and head
174
00:11:37,784 --> 00:11:39,782
are on opposite sides of the room.
175
00:11:41,701 --> 00:11:43,544
You can see it. You can see it on the
176
00:11:45,205 --> 00:11:48,209
debris field map here.
It's a very interesting thing.
177
00:11:48,210 --> 00:11:50,677
Bow points north,
and it's partly dug into the sediment.
178
00:11:51,211 --> 00:11:53,964
Its open end is ragged,
it's not a clean break.
179
00:11:54,797 --> 00:11:57,971
At first glance,
it appears the farthest object north,
180
00:11:57,972 --> 00:12:03,388
but there's the number one cargo hatch,
and that's 260 feet forward of the bow.
181
00:12:03,389 --> 00:12:06,689
And the hatch bolts are all severed.
So, what did that?
182
00:12:07,769 --> 00:12:11,114
And how did the bow break from the stern?
What did this?
183
00:12:12,273 --> 00:12:15,903
The stern points south,
facing the opposite direction of the bow.
184
00:12:15,904 --> 00:12:18,280
Looks like a bomb hit it.
185
00:12:18,529 --> 00:12:22,783
To the east of the stern lie five boilers
from Boiler Room 1,
186
00:12:22,784 --> 00:12:25,202
the midsection of the ship.
187
00:12:25,203 --> 00:12:28,628
I think the location of these boilers
is our first lead.
188
00:12:30,166 --> 00:12:33,168
If you just draw a circle
around those five boilers,
189
00:12:33,169 --> 00:12:34,419
and you take the center of that circle,
190
00:12:34,420 --> 00:12:36,263
I think that's where the ship
broke up at the surface.
191
00:12:36,264 --> 00:12:37,339
Right.
192
00:12:37,340 --> 00:12:39,805
Okay, these five boilers
help us to find the hypocenter,
193
00:12:39,806 --> 00:12:41,891
the ground zero for the disaster.
194
00:12:41,892 --> 00:12:43,682
The hypocenter directly underneath
195
00:12:43,683 --> 00:12:46,101
where the breakup took place
on the bottom
196
00:12:46,102 --> 00:12:47,521
would be where the heaviest
197
00:12:47,522 --> 00:12:51,228
and most uniform objects
would be clustered.
198
00:12:51,229 --> 00:12:53,857
Now, with it,
we can extrapolate the journey
199
00:12:53,858 --> 00:12:55,652
taken by each part of the ship,
200
00:12:55,653 --> 00:12:58,779
from the surface to
where we find them today, on the bottom.
201
00:12:58,780 --> 00:13:04,700
And then you have a kind of fallout pattern,
downwind, if you will, or down current,
202
00:13:04,701 --> 00:13:08,996
for very light objects like teacups
and light debris and coal.
203
00:13:08,997 --> 00:13:12,752
The coal being spread the farthest,
'cause it's the least heavy in water.
204
00:13:14,794 --> 00:13:17,760
We can account for many objects
on our debris field map,
205
00:13:17,761 --> 00:13:20,759
and explain how they traveled
from the breakup at the surface
206
00:13:20,760 --> 00:13:24,181
to end their life two and a half miles
down at the bottom.
207
00:13:24,182 --> 00:13:27,182
But not every part can be
so easily explained.
208
00:13:28,891 --> 00:13:32,065
Something that just occurred to me
for the first time in all these years is...
209
00:13:32,937 --> 00:13:37,316
If that happened way up there,
isn't it interesting that we've got...
210
00:13:37,317 --> 00:13:38,906
These would be your poop deck cranes,
211
00:13:38,907 --> 00:13:41,245
and they're this close to
their original location.
212
00:13:41,246 --> 00:13:46,575
The stern cranes sort of grouped together
and lying adjacent to the stern
213
00:13:46,576 --> 00:13:49,248
was a little mystery that we had to solve.
214
00:13:49,249 --> 00:13:52,249
And in solving that mystery,
it would shed some light
215
00:13:52,250 --> 00:13:55,589
on what actually happened to the stern
when it hit the bottom of the ocean.
216
00:13:55,590 --> 00:13:58,088
Why were those cranes there?
Where did they come from?
217
00:13:59,213 --> 00:14:00,881
Odd, isn't it?
218
00:14:00,882 --> 00:14:04,801
Then the question is,
what held the cranes with all this,
219
00:14:04,802 --> 00:14:06,803
as opposed to them just scattering?
220
00:14:06,804 --> 00:14:10,434
I don't know. I'm inclined to think
these came apart at a higher altitude.
221
00:14:10,435 --> 00:14:13,733
I think that it's just coincidence
that they happened to wind up...
222
00:14:14,103 --> 00:14:15,692
Coincidence? There is no coincidence.
223
00:14:15,693 --> 00:14:17,361
There's no such thing as coincidence.
224
00:14:17,362 --> 00:14:19,066
- I agree.
- No.
225
00:14:19,067 --> 00:14:20,614
There was a tendency
on the part of the group,
226
00:14:20,615 --> 00:14:23,200
I think, to reject the idea of coincidence,
227
00:14:23,201 --> 00:14:25,619
which, I think, is always good
in this kind of analysis.
228
00:14:25,907 --> 00:14:29,659
Jim will let you disagree with him
as long as
229
00:14:29,660 --> 00:14:32,913
you have a reasonable argument,
and your facts are all in a row,
230
00:14:32,914 --> 00:14:35,254
and they're doing a chorus dance
behind you.
231
00:14:35,255 --> 00:14:37,670
I'm gonna jump to the crazy part of this.
232
00:14:37,671 --> 00:14:39,007
- Yeah.
- All right?
233
00:14:39,008 --> 00:14:43,099
Which is these two double bottom sections
and this big chunk.
234
00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:45,143
There are three pieces of the wreck
235
00:14:45,144 --> 00:14:48,809
whose placement on the debris field map
don't make sense.
236
00:14:48,810 --> 00:14:50,472
They're outliers.
237
00:14:50,473 --> 00:14:51,643
They're enigmas because
238
00:14:51,644 --> 00:14:54,440
they're strangely out to the east
of the hypocenter.
239
00:14:56,396 --> 00:14:59,900
We know from a past expedition
that these two, out of the three,
240
00:14:59,901 --> 00:15:02,027
are pieces of Titanic's double bottom.
241
00:15:03,027 --> 00:15:05,323
We know these parts are
from the same section of keel
242
00:15:05,324 --> 00:15:08,746
because their ragged ends align
like two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
243
00:15:10,034 --> 00:15:13,832
How did these two chunks of keel
detach from the bottom of the ship,
244
00:15:13,833 --> 00:15:16,049
and end up to the east of the hypocenter?
245
00:15:17,500 --> 00:15:19,594
And what about the third outlier?
246
00:15:21,754 --> 00:15:24,553
Now, I'm just trying to account
for something that I don't understand,
247
00:15:24,554 --> 00:15:26,174
which is this thing.
248
00:15:26,175 --> 00:15:28,143
- This is just a big pile of junk.
- It's a big, ugly pile.
249
00:15:28,144 --> 00:15:29,353
Big, dirty pile of junk.
250
00:15:29,804 --> 00:15:31,475
Nobody'd ever seen it before.
251
00:15:31,476 --> 00:15:34,316
It's way off to the east.
It's beyond these double bottom pieces.
252
00:15:35,184 --> 00:15:40,689
Okay, so the mystery piece,
the enigma piece is this.
253
00:15:40,690 --> 00:15:42,023
Is this. Yes.
254
00:15:42,024 --> 00:15:44,526
You know, about the upper
couple of decks of that.
255
00:15:44,527 --> 00:15:46,780
It's even bigger and larger
and heavier than the boilers,
256
00:15:46,781 --> 00:15:49,157
yet, it ended up way far out there.
257
00:15:50,032 --> 00:15:53,627
How did this chunk,
from beneath the third frontal deckhouse,
258
00:15:53,628 --> 00:15:55,292
end up way out there?
259
00:15:56,998 --> 00:15:59,376
All right. Well, why don't
we stick to what we think we know,
260
00:15:59,377 --> 00:16:01,048
and fill in the rest of the picture?
261
00:16:01,544 --> 00:16:05,636
To fill in the rest of the picture
and visualize Titanic's final moments,
262
00:16:05,637 --> 00:16:09,761
we need to go underwater
and take a closer look at the damage.
263
00:16:10,595 --> 00:16:12,097
I see the wreck.
264
00:16:13,431 --> 00:16:14,808
I see it.
265
00:16:17,935 --> 00:16:20,645
Mir II, Mir II, this is Mir I.
266
00:16:20,646 --> 00:16:27,495
Depth is 3,353 meters.
267
00:16:28,571 --> 00:16:29,868
I love this stuff.
268
00:16:30,364 --> 00:16:31,865
Exploration.
269
00:16:31,866 --> 00:16:34,665
Real, honest-to-God,
deep-ocean exploration.
270
00:16:37,830 --> 00:16:39,753
To me,
it's an alternative to making movies,
271
00:16:40,750 --> 00:16:45,378
which is as technically challenging,
as emotionally challenging,
272
00:16:45,379 --> 00:16:48,553
and it's something that
I can use my skills as a filmmaker.
273
00:16:51,427 --> 00:16:53,178
It's about creating the technology.
274
00:16:53,179 --> 00:16:57,396
It's about the personal challenge of actually
going into this hostile environment,
275
00:16:57,397 --> 00:17:01,771
doing things right, doing things safely,
and coming back with results.
276
00:17:02,897 --> 00:17:04,649
Say goodbye to the surface world.
277
00:17:08,110 --> 00:17:11,076
I've been a wreck diver
for many years at scuba depths.
278
00:17:11,077 --> 00:17:14,952
I love shipwrecks. I love the romance
and the mystery of shipwrecks.
279
00:17:14,953 --> 00:17:18,749
And the Titanic's the ultimate wreck.
It's the Everest of shipwrecks.
280
00:17:18,750 --> 00:17:21,837
And I said,
"Let's do a real expedition to the Titanic
281
00:17:21,838 --> 00:17:23,922
"to shoot scenes for the movie."
282
00:17:23,923 --> 00:17:27,341
And this was all new territory,
nobody had ever really done this before.
283
00:17:27,342 --> 00:17:29,214
But looking into the darkness here
284
00:17:29,215 --> 00:17:32,936
and wondering what was beyond,
what's down there, you know,
285
00:17:32,937 --> 00:17:38,479
is what led me to want to go back and
explore it thoroughly with new technology.
286
00:17:39,100 --> 00:17:40,898
So, of course,
as soon as the movie was done,
287
00:17:41,269 --> 00:17:43,863
I was immediately planning
my next expedition.
288
00:17:47,149 --> 00:17:48,567
Okay, dive one.
289
00:17:48,568 --> 00:17:54,447
It's gonna be JB and Bill in Mir II,
and me and Vince in Mir I.
290
00:17:54,448 --> 00:17:57,042
Come in here, explore these rooms.
291
00:17:57,868 --> 00:18:00,370
Up until our 2001 expedition,
292
00:18:00,371 --> 00:18:04,296
no one had attempted an extensive survey
of the interior of the wreck.
293
00:18:06,168 --> 00:18:10,048
So, when we went back for
the 3D documentary Ghosts of 'me Abyss,
294
00:18:10,049 --> 00:18:13,017
we developed remotely operated vehicles,
or ROVs.
295
00:18:13,018 --> 00:18:14,352
We call them "bots."
296
00:18:14,677 --> 00:18:17,851
Built to withstand the incredible pressure
at that depth,
297
00:18:18,931 --> 00:18:21,433
they could maneuver through
small holes in the wreckage
298
00:18:21,434 --> 00:18:25,029
and explore up to 2,000 feet
from the manned sub.
299
00:18:26,063 --> 00:18:29,613
Previous ROVs had been leashed
to the sub by a short, bulky tether.
300
00:18:30,484 --> 00:18:35,158
Our state-of-the-art mini ROVs,
affectionately nicknamed Jake and Elwood,
301
00:18:35,159 --> 00:18:36,749
had an on board power supply
302
00:18:37,283 --> 00:18:40,455
and just needed a spool
of hair-thin fiber-optic cable
303
00:18:40,456 --> 00:18:44,083
to receive directions and send
the live video feed back to my sub.
304
00:18:46,125 --> 00:18:48,844
As I guided them through the wreck,
they unwound this cable behind them,
305
00:18:48,845 --> 00:18:52,841
like Theseus unwinding the bail of twine
as he explored the labyrinth.
306
00:18:53,549 --> 00:18:57,554
This made it possible, for the first time,
to film interior areas of the wreck
307
00:18:57,555 --> 00:19:00,727
that hadn't been seen
since the night Titanic sank.
308
00:19:01,390 --> 00:19:04,894
The bots are finally going to Titanic.
Three years in the making.
309
00:19:05,061 --> 00:19:06,233
See you on the bottom.
310
00:19:09,982 --> 00:19:12,485
Since my first expedition,
I've gone back twice.
311
00:19:15,696 --> 00:19:17,118
Sight enabled.
312
00:19:18,949 --> 00:19:21,326
Comm link, camera power.
313
00:19:21,327 --> 00:19:23,705
All right. I think we're ready to fly.
314
00:19:25,539 --> 00:19:27,337
Elwood's coming out.
315
00:19:32,088 --> 00:19:33,681
Pretty cool.
316
00:19:35,633 --> 00:19:37,510
Looking good, Elwood.
317
00:19:38,594 --> 00:19:41,723
Tell him to go ahead, we'll meet
in the center of the grand staircase.
318
00:19:47,770 --> 00:19:50,740
I've shot hundreds of hours
of archeological survey footage
319
00:19:50,741 --> 00:19:52,278
inside the wreck.
320
00:20:03,536 --> 00:20:05,880
Now they're where I wanted to be.
321
00:20:06,288 --> 00:20:09,383
Those are the lead stained-glass windows.
322
00:20:10,793 --> 00:20:13,467
Look at that. Unbelievable.
323
00:20:15,506 --> 00:20:17,884
And another thing
that's absolutely fascinating is
324
00:20:18,342 --> 00:20:20,845
this idea of telepresence.
325
00:20:21,804 --> 00:20:26,516
When you fly an ROV,
after the first few minutes,
326
00:20:26,517 --> 00:20:28,982
and really for subsequent hours at a time,
327
00:20:28,983 --> 00:20:32,232
you completely forget
your physical human existence.
328
00:20:36,026 --> 00:20:37,152
What's going on?
329
00:20:37,403 --> 00:20:39,279
And you become that vehicle.
330
00:20:39,280 --> 00:20:41,829
It's almost like you can feel
what it's feeling.
331
00:21:04,930 --> 00:21:07,934
This is what you get when you get
the lighting in the right place.
332
00:21:07,935 --> 00:21:11,028
You get a good sense
of the depth of the space.
333
00:21:11,771 --> 00:21:14,115
That's right in front of the elevators,
I believe.
334
00:21:14,116 --> 00:21:17,150
There's a well-preserved brass bed here.
335
00:21:17,151 --> 00:21:20,030
I'd be in the other sub
outside, navigating...
336
00:21:20,031 --> 00:21:21,324
I think on this dive, you were.
337
00:21:21,325 --> 00:21:23,114
Yeah. We could see Jim inside.
338
00:21:23,115 --> 00:21:25,209
Every now and then,
you could see the little light in there.
339
00:21:25,210 --> 00:21:28,705
And you knew, "Okay, Jim, we need to move
a little bit farther aft, because..."
340
00:21:28,706 --> 00:21:31,831
"Yes, yes, all right."
Then he flips it up and moves back,
341
00:21:31,832 --> 00:21:33,880
and then you got to
get tn the current 'gust fight.
342
00:21:33,881 --> 00:21:35,835
And then, "Okay, Jim, we're coming,
343
00:21:35,836 --> 00:21:37,587
"but we are kind of
caught in current here."
344
00:21:37,588 --> 00:21:39,966
Then we'd do a pass.
"Jim, how did that look?"
345
00:21:39,967 --> 00:21:41,466
And there'd be a pause.
346
00:21:41,467 --> 00:21:44,558
"Love it, love it, love it. Do it again!"
Something like that.
347
00:21:44,559 --> 00:21:46,724
So, they were maneuvering 18 tons
out there
348
00:21:46,725 --> 00:21:48,474
to get one light through a porthole.
349
00:21:49,475 --> 00:21:51,694
Rising up and aiming the light downward.
350
00:21:55,189 --> 00:21:56,441
There's... Turn.
351
00:21:56,982 --> 00:21:58,074
That's good!
352
00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:00,277
I made 33 dives to Titanic.
353
00:22:00,986 --> 00:22:04,536
Laying eyes on the site is
one of the most important forensic tools.
354
00:22:05,407 --> 00:22:06,750
The power of observation.
355
00:22:08,410 --> 00:22:11,960
Some of the damage is self-evident,
easy to understand.
356
00:22:12,873 --> 00:22:15,001
Other aspects are baffling.
357
00:22:15,626 --> 00:22:19,756
Like cops at a crime scene,
we're inventorying ail the evidence.
358
00:22:21,090 --> 00:22:25,266
Now we can begin to rewind the clock
and start to put these pieces back together
359
00:22:26,387 --> 00:22:28,765
to tell the story of
Titanic's final moments.
360
00:22:29,306 --> 00:22:32,228
You've got to get to the night
the ship hit the bottom.
361
00:22:32,229 --> 00:22:34,102
What happened when it hit the bottom?
362
00:22:34,103 --> 00:22:37,605
Then you've got to be able to separate out
all the bottom impact damage
363
00:22:37,606 --> 00:22:40,450
from what might have happened
as it descended through the water column.
364
00:22:41,151 --> 00:22:42,365
It's important to know that
365
00:22:42,366 --> 00:22:47,117
things that people have identified as
possibly iceberg damage probably aren't.
366
00:22:48,325 --> 00:22:50,952
A good example of this is
the so-called "big opening,"
367
00:22:50,953 --> 00:22:54,298
a hole blasted in the starboard side
of Titanic's bow.
368
00:22:55,249 --> 00:22:59,174
We now know it isn't iceberg damage.
But how do we explain it,
369
00:22:59,670 --> 00:23:01,798
and the other destruction to the bow?
370
00:23:02,548 --> 00:23:06,269
It hit first here,
pushed forward as it settled.
371
00:23:06,760 --> 00:23:09,434
So, the question is,
what did it do when it hit?
372
00:23:09,805 --> 00:23:13,855
It hits, crushes like that, momentarily.
373
00:23:14,143 --> 00:23:17,647
This stops moving at that point,
other than to slide forward.
374
00:23:18,564 --> 00:23:21,613
And then it's got a mound of debris
underneath it,
375
00:23:21,614 --> 00:23:24,488
and it bends the other way when it lands.
376
00:23:24,820 --> 00:23:27,572
And I'll show you
what that looks like in animation,
377
00:23:27,573 --> 00:23:31,248
because we thought about this a lot
when we animated it.
378
00:23:31,249 --> 00:23:33,496
Take me a second to find it here.
379
00:23:34,955 --> 00:23:37,083
Okay, we made this in '95, for the movie.
380
00:23:37,084 --> 00:23:40,256
I still think it's a useful reference
for the bow's impact,
381
00:23:40,878 --> 00:23:44,178
even though
some of the other details aren't right.
382
00:23:44,590 --> 00:23:49,221
This is arrival.
There is the initial deformation,
383
00:23:50,471 --> 00:23:54,269
which actually puts the forward well deck
in compression,
384
00:23:54,270 --> 00:23:56,985
probably buckled in compression,
at that point.
385
00:23:56,986 --> 00:24:01,397
And that's the point
at which the big opening starts.
386
00:24:01,398 --> 00:24:04,025
'Cause it's actually getting exercised
in two directions.
387
00:24:04,026 --> 00:24:07,121
And then the back end now is falling,
falling down,
388
00:24:08,030 --> 00:24:11,250
and is hitting and compressing.
389
00:24:11,742 --> 00:24:14,962
Is that the cover I saw?
The hatch cover flying off, there.
390
00:24:14,963 --> 00:24:17,330
Right, exactly. We animated that.
391
00:24:17,331 --> 00:24:21,427
The hatch, it's the farthest piece
of the ship from the breakup.
392
00:24:23,003 --> 00:24:25,051
How did this thing get out there?
393
00:24:25,052 --> 00:24:27,548
Jim, those forces, to snap bolts...
394
00:24:27,549 --> 00:24:29,893
I mean, that's something
I can't get my mind around.
395
00:24:29,894 --> 00:24:32,971
So either at the moment of initial impact,
396
00:24:32,972 --> 00:24:35,600
or at the moment
that the ship slams down,
397
00:24:36,058 --> 00:24:41,155
the hydraulic forces inside the ship
are enough to blow this hatch off.
398
00:24:41,563 --> 00:24:45,534
So you've got some internal over-pressure
here, that's hydraulic.
399
00:24:45,535 --> 00:24:48,903
And over the large area
of that number one hatch,
400
00:24:48,904 --> 00:24:51,325
it just breaks every bolt at the same time.
401
00:24:51,326 --> 00:24:56,122
The hatch doesn't peel off sequentially,
it's an evenly distributed over-pressure.
402
00:24:56,123 --> 00:24:58,839
It just breaks
every bolt head simultaneously.
403
00:24:59,373 --> 00:25:01,922
Hydraulic outburst accounts
for the mysterious placement
404
00:25:01,923 --> 00:25:03,885
of the number one hatch.
405
00:25:04,420 --> 00:25:06,716
The damage we see to the bow
is more extensive
406
00:25:06,717 --> 00:25:09,718
than simply the force of impact
at the bottom.
407
00:25:10,884 --> 00:25:14,137
What could have possibly happened
as the bow plummeted two and a half miles,
408
00:25:14,138 --> 00:25:16,311
down to the ocean floor?
409
00:25:21,478 --> 00:25:24,068
She hits the berg on
the starboard side, right?
410
00:25:24,069 --> 00:25:26,779
She kind of bumps along, punching holes
like Morse code...
411
00:25:26,780 --> 00:25:29,277
In a scene from the movie Titanic,
we used animation
412
00:25:29,278 --> 00:25:31,246
to illustrate for Rose's character
413
00:25:31,655 --> 00:25:34,282
what we thought had happened
as the ship sank.
414
00:25:34,283 --> 00:25:37,702
So now as the bow goes down,
the stern rises up...
415
00:25:37,703 --> 00:25:41,920
Since then, we've come a long way
in our CG modeling and 3D animation,
416
00:25:41,921 --> 00:25:45,135
but most importantly
in our understanding of the disaster.
417
00:25:45,136 --> 00:25:48,963
So, what happens?
She splits, right down to the keel.
418
00:25:48,964 --> 00:25:53,259
The bow section planes away,
landing about a half a mile away,
419
00:25:53,260 --> 00:25:56,013
going 20, 30 knots
when it hits the ocean floor.
420
00:25:59,808 --> 00:26:01,142
Pretty cool, huh?
421
00:26:01,143 --> 00:26:05,444
Thank you for that fine
forensic analysis, Mr. Bodine.
422
00:26:06,648 --> 00:26:09,322
Of course, the experience of it was...
423
00:26:10,611 --> 00:26:12,528
somewhat different.
424
00:26:12,529 --> 00:26:14,998
Okay, this '95 animation
tells a good story,
425
00:26:15,324 --> 00:26:17,539
but some of the forensic details
aren't quite right.
426
00:26:17,540 --> 00:26:21,376
So with what we're learning now
in our current investigation,
427
00:26:21,377 --> 00:26:23,498
we're going to get to update this.
428
00:26:23,499 --> 00:26:27,800
It's pulling the whole ship down.
It now breaks. There's a relaxation.
429
00:26:29,713 --> 00:26:33,843
It's pulling it down, it rips away,
and then natural flooding.
430
00:26:34,009 --> 00:26:37,684
This is a big deal for me.
I've wanted to do this for a long time.
431
00:26:38,222 --> 00:26:42,022
A detailed and thoroughly accurate
visualization of Titanic sinking
432
00:26:42,023 --> 00:26:43,518
does not exist.
433
00:26:43,519 --> 00:26:45,233
Working with animator Casey Schatz
434
00:26:45,234 --> 00:26:47,948
and naval system engineer,
Parks Stephenson by remote,
435
00:26:48,482 --> 00:26:51,031
I'm gonna improve
what we did 15 years ago.
436
00:26:52,736 --> 00:26:55,076
This looks great.
This is the sum total of everything
437
00:26:55,077 --> 00:26:57,951
that you and Parks have been working on
over the last few weeks.
438
00:26:57,952 --> 00:27:00,290
- Yeah.
- I think it looks awesome.
439
00:27:00,291 --> 00:27:02,370
All right, let's go to the bow section.
440
00:27:02,371 --> 00:27:04,339
It's nice when you see it in
scale like this, isn't it?
441
00:27:04,340 --> 00:27:05,665
Oh, yeah. Totally!
442
00:27:05,666 --> 00:27:08,543
It just makes sense. When you see it
in scale, it all makes sense.
443
00:27:08,544 --> 00:27:11,343
And this is accurate, the ship is to scale
to the water column, right?
444
00:27:11,344 --> 00:27:13,339
Absolutely, I've been OCD
about everything.
445
00:27:13,340 --> 00:27:14,432
Okay.
446
00:27:14,883 --> 00:27:16,226
Not shocked by that.
447
00:27:17,177 --> 00:27:21,227
See? That's it, man. That's exactly
the way I always pictured it.
448
00:27:21,228 --> 00:27:24,853
So the stern is actually
only a few lengths behind.
449
00:27:25,310 --> 00:27:29,438
Yeah, it was surprising,
but it follows down fairly closely.
450
00:27:29,439 --> 00:27:32,737
Yeah, see, everybody always talks about
how it's planing forward.
451
00:27:32,738 --> 00:27:36,614
Yeah, it's planing forward, but if you looked
at this, you'd just say it was falling.
452
00:27:36,615 --> 00:27:40,663
Yes, it's planing forward,
and that accounts for its displacement.
453
00:27:40,909 --> 00:27:45,540
But it's one forward and six down,
so it's basically just falling.
454
00:27:45,831 --> 00:27:50,632
It dives and stalls.
And when it stalls, it moves forward.
455
00:27:50,878 --> 00:27:54,178
And then it dives and goes down,
and then it stalls and moves forward.
456
00:27:54,923 --> 00:27:56,924
We can't complete our update
of the animation
457
00:27:56,925 --> 00:27:59,343
till we answer some more questions.
458
00:27:59,344 --> 00:28:01,938
Let's keep working backwards
from the wreck.
459
00:28:02,598 --> 00:28:05,270
We've analyzed the force of impact
with the bottom,
460
00:28:05,271 --> 00:28:08,565
but that doesn't explain
ail the observable damage.
461
00:28:08,566 --> 00:28:10,985
What could have possibly happened
as the bow plummeted
462
00:28:10,986 --> 00:28:14,192
two-and-a-half miles
down to the ocean floor?
463
00:28:14,193 --> 00:28:19,700
To me, one of the fun parts of this
is looking at what happened to the bow
464
00:28:19,990 --> 00:28:22,950
right when it departed the surface.
465
00:28:22,951 --> 00:28:26,125
And looking at the evidence
for that high flow rate,
466
00:28:26,126 --> 00:28:28,624
that high longitudinal flow rate.
467
00:28:30,292 --> 00:28:34,422
Weighing at least 20,000 tons,
Titanic's bow tore away from the stern
468
00:28:34,423 --> 00:28:38,392
and plunged downward at a speed
of 25 to 30 miles per hour.
469
00:28:48,810 --> 00:28:51,188
This is the forward well deck of Titanic.
470
00:28:51,647 --> 00:28:55,993
And you can see there,
that kind of tubular object is the mast.
471
00:28:58,028 --> 00:28:59,325
You see the mast?
472
00:29:02,658 --> 00:29:07,038
We are up on the top of the deckhouse
right now, I think, aren't we?
473
00:29:07,039 --> 00:29:10,541
Yes! Just hold right on this. This is good.
474
00:29:20,717 --> 00:29:23,596
Do we have any pictures
of that area handy?
475
00:29:24,012 --> 00:29:27,478
Maybe one of Ken's paintings
is a better jumping off point.
476
00:29:27,479 --> 00:29:29,772
Yeah, that's the wreck section there.
477
00:29:29,773 --> 00:29:32,895
Ken feels very connected to Titanic.
478
00:29:32,896 --> 00:29:36,362
And quite honestly,
the movie was pitched using his paintings.
479
00:29:36,363 --> 00:29:40,532
I just opened up the big double-truck
spread of his glorious painting
480
00:29:40,533 --> 00:29:42,450
of the ship going down
with its lights blazing
481
00:29:42,451 --> 00:29:44,537
and the rockets being fired off,
482
00:29:44,538 --> 00:29:46,535
showed it to the studio executives
and said,
483
00:29:47,035 --> 00:29:49,208
"This ship, Romeo and Juliet. "
484
00:29:50,372 --> 00:29:53,169
And that's it.
It was probably the shortest pitch
485
00:29:53,170 --> 00:29:56,168
relative to the amount of money it raised
in the history of movies.
486
00:29:56,169 --> 00:29:58,671
Well, yeah, you can actually
see it pretty well in this painting.
487
00:29:58,672 --> 00:30:01,391
This is a good image.
Let's keep this image up.
488
00:30:03,385 --> 00:30:05,558
So, let's see what we've got.
489
00:30:05,887 --> 00:30:08,681
We got a mast that's knocked aft.
490
00:30:08,682 --> 00:30:12,273
So what force knocked the mast aft,
and then kept it there?
491
00:30:12,274 --> 00:30:15,899
Even though the ship hit the bottom
with a slight forward vector.
492
00:30:15,900 --> 00:30:19,572
All of the B deck, forward-facing windows,
493
00:30:20,360 --> 00:30:23,489
broken, broken, broken,
and that one's broken.
494
00:30:24,489 --> 00:30:27,413
So, to me, that all adds up to
495
00:30:27,909 --> 00:30:30,913
a very strong longitudinal flow
over the ship,
496
00:30:30,914 --> 00:30:35,837
sufficient not only to break the mast,
but to get that mast into position,
497
00:30:35,838 --> 00:30:40,759
and then allow it to shelter these windows
from a peak hydrodynamic pressure,
498
00:30:40,760 --> 00:30:43,009
which subsequently broke those windows.
499
00:30:44,926 --> 00:30:47,645
And when the bow broke away
and started speeding up,
500
00:30:47,646 --> 00:30:50,598
that's also what tore the crane off
501
00:30:50,599 --> 00:30:54,479
and the jib on this crane
went down behind it there.
502
00:30:54,936 --> 00:30:57,610
Where we find the mast today on the wreck
503
00:30:59,483 --> 00:31:05,286
is clearly a result of the bow section
breaking away from the stern
504
00:31:11,995 --> 00:31:14,293
and diving toward the bottom.
505
00:31:17,918 --> 00:31:19,627
And that initial speed,
506
00:31:19,628 --> 00:31:24,805
which could have gotten up to as high
as maybe 40 knots or something like that.
507
00:31:25,050 --> 00:31:29,521
That pressure of sea water pushing back,
it's too much for the mast.
508
00:31:29,888 --> 00:31:35,643
It just bent back, and probably bashed
around a little bit for a few seconds,
509
00:31:35,644 --> 00:31:38,488
destroyed the wheelhouse,
which was made of wood,
510
00:31:38,489 --> 00:31:41,575
and ended up right in that position.
511
00:31:42,651 --> 00:31:45,746
Hydrodynamic flow,
or the force of the racing water,
512
00:31:45,747 --> 00:31:47,865
caused considerable damage.
513
00:31:50,784 --> 00:31:56,462
So, this was our attempt to show
the mast doing that, in the '95 animation.
514
00:31:57,707 --> 00:32:01,877
So here is the mast coming back,
hits the wheelhouse,
515
00:32:01,878 --> 00:32:04,213
wheelhouse starts to peel off.
516
00:32:04,214 --> 00:32:06,683
Mast is kind of bouncing around
in that area,
517
00:32:07,050 --> 00:32:09,678
and then the wheelhouse
disintegrates in the flow.
518
00:32:10,679 --> 00:32:14,354
And I think it was more dramatic than that.
I think it was like a house in a hurricane.
519
00:32:14,355 --> 00:32:16,475
I think it just went in one.
520
00:32:16,476 --> 00:32:18,604
You know how,
when the house will start to lift,
521
00:32:18,605 --> 00:32:21,105
and then there's a moment
where it just goes
522
00:32:21,106 --> 00:32:23,527
because it gets too much
of an angle of attack.
523
00:32:23,528 --> 00:32:27,029
I don't think it just peeled away
like that. I think it kind of like...
524
00:32:27,030 --> 00:32:28,195
- Yeah.
- Yeah.
525
00:32:28,196 --> 00:32:31,744
Okay, we'll make sure to get this right
when I update the animation.
526
00:32:31,745 --> 00:32:34,995
But for now, the hydrodynamic flow
can't explain all of this damage.
527
00:32:49,092 --> 00:32:51,936
This deckhouse wall is pushed outward.
528
00:32:52,721 --> 00:32:57,227
Same on the other side, pushed outward.
Why just that? Why not all of it?
529
00:32:57,559 --> 00:33:00,060
- This roof is mushroomed.
- Yeah.
530
00:33:00,061 --> 00:33:03,941
Mushroomed out or pancaked down
with extreme force,
531
00:33:04,441 --> 00:33:09,069
and the top of the gymnasium
is bent down. The windows are all bent.
532
00:33:09,070 --> 00:33:12,948
That's not sag. It was buckled down.
533
00:33:12,949 --> 00:33:17,546
The roof was found to be sagged in with
a few pieces of funnel shell on that side.
534
00:33:18,079 --> 00:33:20,832
What caused this damage?
Are we missing something?
535
00:33:22,083 --> 00:33:25,506
So you've got this big wreck
coming down through the water column,
536
00:33:25,507 --> 00:33:26,924
it's pulling water down with it
537
00:33:26,925 --> 00:33:30,301
and it's been moving for miles,
literally at 25 miles an hour,
538
00:33:30,302 --> 00:33:33,891
pulling along this wake behind it,
just like the wake behind a race car
539
00:33:33,892 --> 00:33:36,766
that another race car can get into
and kind of draft.
540
00:33:36,767 --> 00:33:39,355
So there's all this moving water,
a big column of water.
541
00:33:39,356 --> 00:33:42,942
Ship hits the bottom, stops suddenly.
The column of water does not stop.
542
00:33:42,943 --> 00:33:46,442
It comes down on top of the ship,
pancakes down the roof,
543
00:33:46,443 --> 00:33:51,195
crushes down the decks,
and then spreads out across the sea floor.
544
00:33:51,196 --> 00:33:54,118
So it actually winds up
moving kind of horizontally
545
00:33:54,119 --> 00:33:56,334
and blowing objects away from the ship.
546
00:33:59,913 --> 00:34:03,133
Do we have any data on
the magnitude of the down blast?
547
00:34:04,125 --> 00:34:07,755
The hydro guy in me says that
it can't be all that huge.
548
00:34:07,756 --> 00:34:11,924
We are talking about buckling
and deforming in a big way,
549
00:34:11,925 --> 00:34:14,303
these moderate-sized structural members.
550
00:34:14,304 --> 00:34:18,307
And the total mass of water can't be
any much more than the mass of the ship.
551
00:34:19,057 --> 00:34:21,392
- Down blast is enormous.
- Okay.
552
00:34:21,393 --> 00:34:24,818
It's huge loading per square inch.
553
00:34:25,313 --> 00:34:29,233
Yeah, I professionally disagree
with that statement.
554
00:34:29,234 --> 00:34:31,735
It can't be the momentum
of the deck mushrooming,
555
00:34:31,736 --> 00:34:34,489
and then plasticailly deforming
and remaining there in permanent set?
556
00:34:34,698 --> 00:34:36,291
Plastically deforming just from inertia?
557
00:34:36,292 --> 00:34:39,326
So, the deck is falling,
falling, falling, stopping,
558
00:34:39,327 --> 00:34:41,750
there's nothing supporting
the middle of the deck, it just...
559
00:34:42,330 --> 00:34:44,169
Yeah. It's got water underneath it
560
00:34:44,170 --> 00:34:46,839
that needs to be compressed
out of the way for it to deform.
561
00:34:46,840 --> 00:34:50,045
What it does is, as it squashes the ship,
562
00:34:50,046 --> 00:34:52,925
it increases pressure
on the water inside the ship,
563
00:34:52,926 --> 00:34:55,676
which can't be compressed like air.
564
00:34:55,677 --> 00:34:59,394
So it has a hydraulic effect, just like
the fluid in a hydraulic cylinder,
565
00:34:59,395 --> 00:35:01,437
and it tends to blow things out the side.
566
00:35:01,438 --> 00:35:07,531
So this thing stops cold, and you've got
50,000 tons of water moving above it
567
00:35:08,231 --> 00:35:10,816
at, still, 30 miles an hour.
568
00:35:10,817 --> 00:35:14,993
That's 30 knots coming down.
Whatever its sinking speed was.
569
00:35:15,572 --> 00:35:18,246
Which is the equivalent of the flow here
that broke the mast,
570
00:35:18,247 --> 00:35:23,873
and broke all these windows, and peeled
off the davits, and did all that.
571
00:35:24,247 --> 00:35:27,968
They like to say that the steel
doesn't lie, but I like to...
572
00:35:28,793 --> 00:35:32,218
I think I'd revise that. I'd say that the
steel probably tells more complicated stories
573
00:35:32,219 --> 00:35:36,180
than we can tell from
how it's lying on the bottom of the ocean.
574
00:35:36,181 --> 00:35:38,554
There's two different energies going here.
575
00:35:38,555 --> 00:35:41,847
Number one, it took off, did this.
576
00:35:41,848 --> 00:35:45,569
Flow passed, weakened
a lot of these structures up here.
577
00:35:46,227 --> 00:35:50,733
Then it hit, and those weakened structures,
which were moving with the ship,
578
00:35:50,734 --> 00:35:52,571
all of a sudden, they do this.
579
00:35:52,572 --> 00:35:55,239
And then on top of this,
then you have your down blast.
580
00:35:55,240 --> 00:35:56,325
So it's a combined effect.
581
00:35:56,326 --> 00:35:57,910
Sure, it's definitely combined.
582
00:35:57,911 --> 00:36:01,873
I think that the steel and the water
are kind of flowing together.
583
00:36:01,874 --> 00:36:03,666
I agree with Parks on that, absolutely.
584
00:36:05,038 --> 00:36:08,254
But there is one curious detail
that baffles me.
585
00:36:08,255 --> 00:36:11,922
All the windows of the officers' quarters
on the boat deck are open.
586
00:36:11,923 --> 00:36:14,842
The air was freezing that night,
they wouldn't have opened them.
587
00:36:14,843 --> 00:36:18,093
So, who or what opened
those heavy-latched windows?
588
00:36:21,262 --> 00:36:24,687
So the interesting thing is, why are
these windows all open and forward?
589
00:36:25,767 --> 00:36:28,816
- Yeah, that is really interesting.
- Well, it went... The very front one...
590
00:36:28,817 --> 00:36:31,440
- No, but why are they unlatched?
- Why are they unlatched?
591
00:36:31,441 --> 00:36:33,565
- Unlatched is a different deal.
- It's down blast.
592
00:36:33,566 --> 00:36:35,159
We know why they're forward,
the hinges are that way.
593
00:36:35,160 --> 00:36:37,991
It's the overhead
just getting enough of a compression,
594
00:36:37,992 --> 00:36:41,082
'cause this is right under it,
and all those windows...
595
00:36:42,450 --> 00:36:43,745
So they just blew open.
596
00:36:43,746 --> 00:36:46,337
But why wouldn't it just break the glass?
597
00:36:46,338 --> 00:36:49,957
Why would it unhinge
solid brass hinges and latches?
598
00:36:49,958 --> 00:36:51,125
Yeah, one after another.
599
00:36:51,126 --> 00:36:53,127
Keep in mind,
there's two ways to latch this window.
600
00:36:53,128 --> 00:36:57,133
There's a day latch, which is done from
the casement, like we would all think of.
601
00:36:57,549 --> 00:37:00,223
- And then there is a storm...
- Which is this thing.
602
00:37:00,468 --> 00:37:02,182
Yeah, that's an eccentric.
603
00:37:02,183 --> 00:37:04,555
You close the window, you turn the crank,
604
00:37:04,556 --> 00:37:07,603
the eccentric shifts,
and it pins that window in place.
605
00:37:07,604 --> 00:37:11,821
That's not latched, so there's a day latch
that is actuated from the inside, right?
606
00:37:11,822 --> 00:37:15,315
If that handle weighed
more than the latching side,
607
00:37:15,316 --> 00:37:18,490
when the ship flopped down to the bottom,
all those handles flipped open?
608
00:37:18,491 --> 00:37:20,989
No, I think what happened is,
609
00:37:22,490 --> 00:37:27,161
the spindle that goes in
probably just failed from tension.
610
00:37:27,162 --> 00:37:31,129
A lot of times, people will look
at a device from the Victorian period
611
00:37:31,130 --> 00:37:34,334
and go, "Well, what's this for?"
And they will make up an answer.
612
00:37:34,335 --> 00:37:36,133
And unfortunately,
it's the wrong answer because
613
00:37:36,134 --> 00:37:40,509
our understanding of machinery
is different from the ones at the time.
614
00:37:40,510 --> 00:37:41,633
Oh, okay.
615
00:37:41,634 --> 00:37:44,181
Because it's a fairly large area,
and it's at the end of the fulcrum.
616
00:37:44,182 --> 00:37:46,225
Yeah, I see what you are saying.
Sure, it just blew them open.
617
00:37:46,226 --> 00:37:48,020
- Yes. It's not meant to...
- But didn't break the glass?
618
00:37:48,021 --> 00:37:49,475
And that was weaker than the glass.
619
00:37:49,476 --> 00:37:50,601
- But didn't break the glass.
- Yeah.
620
00:37:50,602 --> 00:37:54,068
Bill Sauder very modestly says
he knows the ship better than the builders,
621
00:37:54,069 --> 00:37:55,814
and I actually believe he does.
622
00:37:55,815 --> 00:37:59,069
He's the curator of an enormous collection
of Titanic artifacts.
623
00:37:59,694 --> 00:38:01,195
He has more day-to-day contact
624
00:38:01,196 --> 00:38:04,416
with the physical remains
of the ship than anyone.
625
00:38:05,450 --> 00:38:09,292
The one thing I'll remember about
Titanic artifacts, to the day I die,
626
00:38:09,293 --> 00:38:12,211
is when the Saalfeld perfume vials
came up.
627
00:38:13,166 --> 00:38:18,297
When you recover stuff from the Titanic,
it's wet, it's rusty, and it's rotten.
628
00:38:18,546 --> 00:38:24,053
And the smell that comes off it
is perfectly alien, perfectly fetid.
629
00:38:24,677 --> 00:38:28,557
You know it's a kind of death
you have never experienced.
630
00:38:29,933 --> 00:38:31,981
So the lab is kind of unpleasant,
631
00:38:32,310 --> 00:38:37,362
and then all of a sudden somebody opens
up this satchel, this leather satchel,
632
00:38:37,363 --> 00:38:39,983
and out comes the fragrance of heaven.
633
00:38:39,984 --> 00:38:44,613
It's all these flowers and fruity flavors,
634
00:38:44,614 --> 00:38:45,906
and it's delicious.
635
00:38:45,907 --> 00:38:48,581
It's the most wonderful thing
you've ever had.
636
00:38:51,329 --> 00:38:55,624
It was just a complete,
overwhelming experience.
637
00:38:55,625 --> 00:39:00,381
It was like, all of a sudden the fragrance
of heaven kind of goes through the room.
638
00:39:02,423 --> 00:39:07,270
Instead of being surrounded by
all of these dead things,
639
00:39:11,641 --> 00:39:14,815
for those few minutes,
the ship was alive again.
640
00:39:30,285 --> 00:39:32,538
Okay, we're filling in the picture
641
00:39:32,996 --> 00:39:35,795
from the flow, to the impact,
to the down blast.
642
00:39:36,332 --> 00:39:39,381
I understand the damage to Titanic's bow,
643
00:39:40,086 --> 00:39:42,214
but the stern is
a completely different story.
644
00:39:42,215 --> 00:39:45,930
It shattered beyond recognition,
like it was hit by a bomb.
645
00:39:45,931 --> 00:39:47,268
We're gonna figure out why.
646
00:39:53,266 --> 00:39:55,018
Well, my name is Ken Marschall.
647
00:39:55,310 --> 00:39:58,985
I've been studying the Titanic
for over three decades now.
648
00:40:00,231 --> 00:40:02,359
I called Ken Marschall
to this investigation
649
00:40:02,360 --> 00:40:04,985
because he knows the wreck site
better than anyone.
650
00:40:04,986 --> 00:40:08,991
He has created these remarkable paintings
that stand even today
651
00:40:08,992 --> 00:40:12,460
as a definitive guide to Titanic,
in life and in death.
652
00:40:18,541 --> 00:40:22,002
After 30 years
of studying the ship so intently
653
00:40:22,003 --> 00:40:24,843
and painting the ship so many times,
a hundred times,
654
00:40:24,844 --> 00:40:27,466
to see this thing in three dimensions
and be standing here,
655
00:40:27,467 --> 00:40:29,686
I am absolutely speechless.
656
00:40:29,886 --> 00:40:34,016
I've been painting Titanic
since the late 1960s.
657
00:40:34,349 --> 00:40:37,193
1967, actually, was my first painting.
658
00:40:39,562 --> 00:40:42,189
Ken has a keen visual memory
and the talent to composite
659
00:40:42,190 --> 00:40:45,535
hundreds of separate images
into these big picture mosaics.
660
00:40:47,362 --> 00:40:50,741
He is especially invaluable
with the internal archeological survey
661
00:40:50,742 --> 00:40:52,366
that we did with the robotics,
662
00:40:52,367 --> 00:40:54,910
because he can actually look at something
and identify it.
663
00:40:54,911 --> 00:40:58,379
There will be big brass letters that will say,
"A deck," "B deck," "C deck," or "D deck,"
664
00:40:58,380 --> 00:41:00,661
the first thing you see
when you come out of the elevator.
665
00:41:02,251 --> 00:41:05,881
And there it is. Bingo, baby! Bingo!
Tell him, bingo.
666
00:41:09,926 --> 00:41:13,681
With my paintbrush,
I've been spending truly my adult lifetime,
667
00:41:13,682 --> 00:41:16,264
I feel, subconsciously trying
668
00:41:16,265 --> 00:41:21,237
to bring all those souls back to life,
in a weird way.
669
00:41:22,397 --> 00:41:26,243
To honor their memory,
to keep it alive in peoples' memory.
670
00:41:28,069 --> 00:41:30,037
The ship and the people.
671
00:41:35,868 --> 00:41:40,247
When Bob Ballard's expedition
with the French found the wreck in 1985,
672
00:41:40,248 --> 00:41:43,843
the first images confirmed
that the ship had broken apart.
673
00:41:45,211 --> 00:41:48,806
But it was impossible to
see the entire wreck in one shot,
674
00:41:50,091 --> 00:41:53,885
so Ballard's publisher enlisted me
to paint composites,
675
00:41:53,886 --> 00:41:58,392
big-picture views of the ship created
from studying hundreds of close-ups.
676
00:42:00,727 --> 00:42:03,979
And that was my first exposure
to the wreck,
677
00:42:03,980 --> 00:42:08,952
other than the few pictures I'd seen
in magazines or in the news.
678
00:42:11,404 --> 00:42:15,125
Seeing all of this imagery
for the first time,
679
00:42:15,408 --> 00:42:19,788
Bob setting me up in a room downstairs,
right below his lab.
680
00:42:20,621 --> 00:42:25,502
Thousands of feet of individual stills
and I had to crank through this film.
681
00:42:25,793 --> 00:42:29,259
And I was doing sketching,
and I was pinpointing particular images
682
00:42:29,260 --> 00:42:33,556
that I needed enlargements of and duplicates
of in order to do these paintings.
683
00:42:34,677 --> 00:42:40,265
I thought we would find her, and
she'd still be in relatively good condition
684
00:42:40,266 --> 00:42:42,644
and still would look more like the ship,
685
00:42:42,645 --> 00:42:46,489
but instead she was just nuked,
just blasted apart.
686
00:42:47,774 --> 00:42:50,197
It was like going to an autopsy.
687
00:42:53,154 --> 00:42:56,454
It was quite a rude awakening.
688
00:43:03,122 --> 00:43:06,001
After three days of that,
I broke down in tears one night.
689
00:43:06,002 --> 00:43:09,379
I remember I called home
to speak to a friend,
690
00:43:09,921 --> 00:43:12,255
and I remember saying words to the...
691
00:43:12,256 --> 00:43:14,350
It kind of makes me tear up right now
to think about it.
692
00:43:14,351 --> 00:43:19,098
But I said to him,
"My ship! My ship, it's gone."
693
00:43:21,265 --> 00:43:24,018
It was so destroyed.
694
00:43:24,852 --> 00:43:27,526
And I knew the ship was in two pieces,
695
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:34,820
but to see these close-up images
and the high resolution of some of them,
696
00:43:34,821 --> 00:43:38,744
and to look down and see how
completely ripped apart the ship was...
697
00:43:38,745 --> 00:43:42,712
I know it as I would a brother, a sister,
a mother, a father.
698
00:43:43,704 --> 00:43:48,005
And there she was,
in a million pieces. Dead.
699
00:43:52,088 --> 00:43:54,509
Some of the damage is easy to understand.
700
00:43:54,510 --> 00:43:56,760
Other aspects are downright mysterious,
701
00:43:57,927 --> 00:44:01,397
like the stern.
It's completely bizarre at first sight.
702
00:44:03,558 --> 00:44:06,232
Just like a bomb went off overhead.
703
00:44:09,272 --> 00:44:12,367
When I dived it, it was remarkable
to see the extent of the damage.
704
00:44:15,528 --> 00:44:18,202
The rudder and the enormous propellers
pinned in the sediment
705
00:44:18,203 --> 00:44:19,915
are hauntingly intact.
706
00:44:23,244 --> 00:44:27,124
Surrounding the stern is
a large concentration of mangled debris.
707
00:44:27,125 --> 00:44:29,672
It really looks like a plane crash.
708
00:44:32,962 --> 00:44:37,058
How do we know that the stern took off
toward the bottom going pretty fast?
709
00:44:37,425 --> 00:44:38,927
The poop deck.
710
00:44:39,594 --> 00:44:43,565
So the aft-most deck, the poop deck,
is doubled over completely.
711
00:44:43,931 --> 00:44:46,935
Three-eighths inch steel
folded like a taco.
712
00:44:47,185 --> 00:44:48,983
How did this happen?
713
00:44:49,270 --> 00:44:51,234
It's got a big electric crane sitting here,
714
00:44:51,235 --> 00:44:54,609
that's got a lot of sail area across,
on that axis.
715
00:44:55,026 --> 00:44:57,736
Right? So to take off toward the bottom,
716
00:44:57,737 --> 00:45:00,456
you got a really powerful
hydrodynamic loading here.
717
00:45:00,457 --> 00:45:04,578
So you got a big, sort of prying moment
right here,
718
00:45:05,912 --> 00:45:10,624
and it just rips this deck up,
which then catches lift,
719
00:45:10,625 --> 00:45:12,969
peels back, and flops over double,
and winds up like that.
720
00:45:12,970 --> 00:45:15,964
And you think that happened
in the first 500 feet...
721
00:45:15,965 --> 00:45:17,306
The first 30 seconds.
722
00:45:17,465 --> 00:45:21,811
Now, you might have had some implosions
in here, loosening rivets.
723
00:45:22,178 --> 00:45:23,680
You know, bang-bang.
724
00:45:37,818 --> 00:45:40,367
The stern left the surface
in a very different configuration.
725
00:45:41,405 --> 00:45:44,909
It had all its broken parts
faced into the current.
726
00:45:45,493 --> 00:45:48,713
And I think it just blew off,
all pretty close to the surface.
727
00:45:51,123 --> 00:45:55,502
And if something held on, it might
have been packed up against the face of it
728
00:45:55,503 --> 00:45:57,337
or flat back against the underside.
729
00:45:57,338 --> 00:45:59,009
And it took a while
for that to exercise loose,
730
00:45:59,010 --> 00:46:00,849
and all the loose stuff
had already been blown off.
731
00:46:00,850 --> 00:46:05,893
He is proposing that
the stern fell leading edge first,
732
00:46:07,556 --> 00:46:12,394
and that it was water passage
into and around that damage area
733
00:46:12,395 --> 00:46:17,526
that sort of peeled off and exfoliated,
basically, the first third of the stern.
734
00:46:19,986 --> 00:46:22,157
We didn't get this right
in the '95 animation,
735
00:46:22,158 --> 00:46:23,497
but we're gonna nail it now.
736
00:46:24,657 --> 00:46:26,625
I think the point you are making is,
this is not like
737
00:46:26,626 --> 00:46:28,159
that DD one, where it was just...
738
00:46:28,160 --> 00:46:30,412
- It was just leaves...
- It was just coming off in regular...
739
00:46:30,413 --> 00:46:32,507
- Right, right.
- Yeah, yeah. Copy.
740
00:46:32,508 --> 00:46:35,417
So all this stuff has come off the ship
741
00:46:35,418 --> 00:46:39,760
pretty much by the time the ship
is probably two-thirds or three-quarters
742
00:46:39,761 --> 00:46:42,099
of the way through that end swap,
so it's quick.
743
00:46:42,550 --> 00:46:45,222
So that's happening now.
So stuffs coming off,
744
00:46:45,223 --> 00:46:48,314
and decking is coming off,
and now it's all off.
745
00:46:48,764 --> 00:46:50,061
Yeah, it is fast. Wow.
746
00:46:51,434 --> 00:46:55,395
If you stick your hand out the window of
a moving car with a deck of playing cards,
747
00:46:55,396 --> 00:46:58,445
if you turn it this way, you can hold
on to it, and that's what the bow was.
748
00:46:58,446 --> 00:47:02,908
You turn it that way, they are all gone.
They'll all spilt apart and blow backwards.
749
00:47:02,909 --> 00:47:06,498
Because the second their angle of attack
increases to a few degrees,
750
00:47:06,499 --> 00:47:08,575
then it increases rapidly.
751
00:47:08,576 --> 00:47:10,910
Once it's at 90 degrees,
there's no holding on to it.
752
00:47:10,911 --> 00:47:12,458
It's gone. It all happens instantaneously.
753
00:47:12,459 --> 00:47:15,834
And at the moment that happens,
when those cards blow like that,
754
00:47:15,835 --> 00:47:18,928
there's a much stronger back force
on your hand.
755
00:47:20,463 --> 00:47:22,553
- Try it sometime.
- Yeah, I will.
756
00:47:22,554 --> 00:47:24,926
- Might get busted for littering.
- Exactly!
757
00:47:26,302 --> 00:47:28,805
It feels great to have a second chance
to get this stuff right.
758
00:47:28,806 --> 00:47:33,310
In the '95 animation, the stern didn't
spiral, but we now know that it did.
759
00:47:34,477 --> 00:47:39,689
Because I think that
when the stern hit the ground,
760
00:47:39,690 --> 00:47:42,660
it did not hit straight down.
I think it slid.
761
00:47:43,277 --> 00:47:46,121
Definitely, because its back is broken.
762
00:47:46,989 --> 00:47:49,574
The axis of this part of it...
763
00:47:49,575 --> 00:47:51,953
- Perfectly centered.
- Rudder is pinned in the sediment perfectly,
764
00:47:51,954 --> 00:47:54,454
and the props are pinned
in the sediment perfectly,
765
00:47:54,455 --> 00:47:55,957
and that's the anchor,
and then it comes down.
766
00:47:55,958 --> 00:48:00,130
Which actually makes sense, 'cause it
peeled off all this stuff over here
767
00:48:00,131 --> 00:48:01,923
and blew that side out flat.
768
00:48:01,924 --> 00:48:03,798
- Yes, that's true.
- Rig ht.
769
00:48:04,382 --> 00:48:07,477
It still doesn't explain
these freaking cranes.
770
00:48:07,478 --> 00:48:08,685
Yeah, I know.
771
00:48:09,220 --> 00:48:11,810
Why were those cranes there?
Where did they come from?
772
00:48:11,811 --> 00:48:15,022
Did they originate from the poop deck?
Did they originate from the well deck?
773
00:48:15,023 --> 00:48:18,108
Or the A deck level?
We had to have an answer.
774
00:48:18,109 --> 00:48:21,070
Those cranes are loose,
and they are two-and-a-half miles up.
775
00:48:21,071 --> 00:48:24,156
- And somehow they end up...
- No, no, no. I think...
776
00:48:24,157 --> 00:48:26,698
- These cranes came down with the stern.
- Exactly.
777
00:48:26,699 --> 00:48:30,495
Somehow attached to the overturn
on the underside of the poop?
778
00:48:30,825 --> 00:48:32,164
How did they end up over there,
779
00:48:32,165 --> 00:48:34,580
when the poop deck went like that,
way up there?
780
00:48:34,581 --> 00:48:36,042
That's just my question.
781
00:48:36,043 --> 00:48:40,130
Did they fall from the surface?
Were they deposited there toward the end?
782
00:48:40,131 --> 00:48:44,631
It's kind of hard to tell. Every time we tried
to poke at a scenario that would explain it,
783
00:48:44,632 --> 00:48:45,844
there was a problem with it.
784
00:48:45,845 --> 00:48:49,344
- All right, let's take a look.
- Which one they are?
785
00:48:49,345 --> 00:48:53,098
I think there was this one part
still there. I'm not sure.
786
00:48:53,099 --> 00:48:57,352
Well, here is an interesting thing, these
cranes can be completely gone, unrelated,
787
00:48:57,601 --> 00:49:00,854
and the three that
you see sitting right here are these.
788
00:49:00,855 --> 00:49:03,859
- Right, this one is still there.
- Okay. Al! right. So it's these three.
789
00:49:03,860 --> 00:49:05,405
It would be these three.
790
00:49:05,406 --> 00:49:09,998
So, now you are talking about
a hydraulic outburst impact effect.
791
00:49:10,489 --> 00:49:12,160
The ship hits the bottom, plows in,
792
00:49:12,161 --> 00:49:14,498
compresses all of this shell plating
underneath here,
793
00:49:14,499 --> 00:49:16,539
and everything gets ejected up.
794
00:49:16,540 --> 00:49:20,883
Including the entire well deck,
which winds up lying someplace nearby.
795
00:49:21,584 --> 00:49:24,878
I had to bring to bear
some of my observations
796
00:49:24,879 --> 00:49:27,755
about the effects of hydraulic outburst.
797
00:49:27,756 --> 00:49:30,928
When these big masses come down
and stop suddenly on the bottom,
798
00:49:30,929 --> 00:49:33,678
build up these intense,
internal hydraulic pressures,
799
00:49:33,679 --> 00:49:38,435
and how that can eject big, flat areas,
like decks, and like side shell plating
800
00:49:38,436 --> 00:49:41,938
and so on, and that probably launched
the cranes off the ship at that point.
801
00:49:43,230 --> 00:49:44,647
Okay, that makes sense.
802
00:49:44,648 --> 00:49:47,025
The placement of the cranes
and the damage to the poop deck
803
00:49:47,026 --> 00:49:49,825
help explain how the stern got obliterated.
804
00:49:50,029 --> 00:49:53,499
Now let's turn to what we don't know,
the three outliers.
805
00:49:54,074 --> 00:49:55,995
We haven't yet explained them.
806
00:49:55,996 --> 00:50:00,043
Until we do, we won't know exactly
what happened to the ship
807
00:50:00,044 --> 00:50:03,885
as she vanished beneath the surface
100 years ago.
808
00:50:10,090 --> 00:50:12,931
One of the more unique challenges
to studying the wreck
809
00:50:12,932 --> 00:50:15,271
is trying to see past what 100 years
810
00:50:15,272 --> 00:50:19,682
of sitting at the bottom of the ocean
has done to the steel.
811
00:50:19,683 --> 00:50:23,108
Titanic is not rusting in the way
that we would think of rusting.
812
00:50:23,109 --> 00:50:25,897
It's actually being eaten by bacteria.
813
00:50:25,898 --> 00:50:29,778
And the bodies of these bacteria form
these amazing structures called rusticles.
814
00:50:33,197 --> 00:50:35,114
They look like stalactites,
815
00:50:35,115 --> 00:50:37,742
and they are actually formed
in kind of a similar way
816
00:50:37,743 --> 00:50:41,373
in that stalactites are a deposition
of minerals created by gravity.
817
00:50:41,374 --> 00:50:44,707
This is actually the deposition
of dead bacteria
818
00:50:44,708 --> 00:50:48,588
that have iron inside their bodies
that they have absorbed from the ship,
819
00:50:48,589 --> 00:50:53,309
and they just kind of form these structures
that are actually organic.
820
00:50:54,176 --> 00:50:57,767
I think the rusticles are now
part of this amazing monument
821
00:50:57,768 --> 00:50:58,980
at the bottom of the ocean.
822
00:51:02,309 --> 00:51:05,438
- Tell him to move ahead slowly.
- Move ahead slow.
823
00:51:07,022 --> 00:51:10,151
Part of what's fascinating for me
is that it's this onion skin process.
824
00:51:10,152 --> 00:51:12,991
You have to peel away
the layers of the damage,
825
00:51:12,992 --> 00:51:16,992
working in reverse order from what
you're seeing right now in the present.
826
00:51:16,993 --> 00:51:19,585
Now we're looking at Titanic
from 100 years later,
827
00:51:19,586 --> 00:51:23,121
so you've got the deterioration
at the sea floor,
828
00:51:23,122 --> 00:51:26,501
on top of the bottom impact,
on top of the descent,
829
00:51:26,917 --> 00:51:29,136
and then the breakup at the surface.
830
00:51:30,838 --> 00:51:33,172
Once we apply our forensic process,
831
00:51:33,173 --> 00:51:36,551
Titanic's remains in the debris field
begin to tell the story
832
00:51:36,552 --> 00:51:40,523
of what happened on that night,
April 14, 1912.
833
00:51:46,520 --> 00:51:49,524
So far, our theory of how the wreck
traveled through the water column
834
00:51:49,525 --> 00:51:52,151
and what happened at impact
fits the evidence,
835
00:51:53,193 --> 00:51:55,412
except for three outliers.
836
00:51:56,488 --> 00:52:01,409
How did these two pieces of double bottom
and a pile of deckhouse debris
837
00:52:01,410 --> 00:52:05,665
from beneath the third funnel
end up far from the rest of the wreck?
838
00:52:15,174 --> 00:52:17,802
Well, the two double bottom sections
are wing-shaped, so...
839
00:52:17,803 --> 00:52:18,893
- These are wings.
- Yeah.
840
00:52:18,894 --> 00:52:21,095
- These are 747 wings.
- Yeah.
841
00:52:21,096 --> 00:52:25,226
They both happen to land
within a fairly narrow cone of each other,
842
00:52:25,227 --> 00:52:27,190
so it's likely
they were attached to each other
843
00:52:27,191 --> 00:52:29,526
and separated at some point
in the water column,
844
00:52:29,527 --> 00:52:30,610
and then fell separately.
845
00:52:30,611 --> 00:52:35,906
I agree. They had a weakened area that
kept them together for a certain period.
846
00:52:35,907 --> 00:52:38,074
When you're sitting at a table of experts,
847
00:52:38,075 --> 00:52:40,825
and you start whittling away
at what's real and what's not real,
848
00:52:40,826 --> 00:52:44,869
and you end up with real mysteries
that are solvable...
849
00:52:44,870 --> 00:52:47,419
You know, the answers are there.
The clues are at the bottom of the ocean.
850
00:52:47,420 --> 00:52:51,135
So, they're coming down through the water
851
00:52:51,669 --> 00:52:53,258
- kind of like that.
- Right.
852
00:52:53,259 --> 00:52:56,469
Right? And then finally it just
exercises it so much, it breaks apart,
853
00:52:56,470 --> 00:52:59,014
- whatever that last connection was.
- Right.
854
00:52:59,015 --> 00:53:01,427
It would look something like this.
855
00:53:01,428 --> 00:53:04,102
The pieces of double bottom keel
begin life together,
856
00:53:04,103 --> 00:53:10,061
and on the journey down, exercised apart,
planing away like an aircraft wing
857
00:53:10,062 --> 00:53:12,941
to where we find them today
out in the debris field.
858
00:53:16,902 --> 00:53:18,903
- All right. So, that accounts for that.
- Right.
859
00:53:18,904 --> 00:53:20,822
- That's not a planing shape.
- It's not.
860
00:53:20,823 --> 00:53:22,951
- This is just a big pile of junk.
- It's a big, ugly pile of junk.
861
00:53:22,952 --> 00:53:26,035
Big, dirty pile of junk
that would not have any strong tendency
862
00:53:26,036 --> 00:53:27,236
to plane in any one direction.
863
00:53:27,413 --> 00:53:30,873
And it's a big, lumpy shape.
864
00:53:30,874 --> 00:53:34,048
It's just a pile of crap
on the ocean floor right now.
865
00:53:34,962 --> 00:53:36,963
It has no aerodynamic qualities,
866
00:53:36,964 --> 00:53:39,882
has the same aerodynamic qualities
as one of the boilers.
867
00:53:39,883 --> 00:53:42,102
It's even bigger and larger
and heavier than the boilers,
868
00:53:42,103 --> 00:53:44,554
yet, it ended up way far out there.
869
00:53:44,555 --> 00:53:46,353
So, how did it get way over there?
870
00:53:48,350 --> 00:53:51,648
I think one of the big problems we have
is that we're thinking way over there,
871
00:53:51,649 --> 00:53:55,695
when really, detaching from this point,
it's way over there.
872
00:53:56,066 --> 00:53:57,650
Okay. No, no. I got it.
873
00:53:57,651 --> 00:54:00,323
- We're not getting the vertical scale.
- No, no. Understood.
874
00:54:00,324 --> 00:54:02,535
Right. So if something detaches here
875
00:54:02,536 --> 00:54:05,283
and frisbees off, it's only going that far.
876
00:54:05,284 --> 00:54:07,662
Jim threw out
a couple of quick ideas about it.
877
00:54:07,663 --> 00:54:12,290
Being attached to the stern,
and the stern spiraling down,
878
00:54:12,291 --> 00:54:15,044
and maybe it flung it off over there.
879
00:54:16,003 --> 00:54:18,097
But the problem with that is,
880
00:54:18,839 --> 00:54:25,011
there was a chunk of the ship
between that chunk and the stern,
881
00:54:25,012 --> 00:54:27,555
and that didn't get thrown out there.
882
00:54:27,556 --> 00:54:30,516
We don't have very good imagery of it.
883
00:54:30,517 --> 00:54:35,563
We're going to need better imagery of it
to try and understand it more,
884
00:54:35,564 --> 00:54:37,857
and see if there's clues in there
885
00:54:37,858 --> 00:54:41,533
that will help us understand
why it ended up out there so far.
886
00:54:42,988 --> 00:54:44,740
Although there are still mysteries,
887
00:54:45,032 --> 00:54:48,036
we've learned enough
to rewind the clock farther
888
00:54:48,037 --> 00:54:50,629
on the night of April 14, 1912,
889
00:54:51,038 --> 00:54:55,885
to the moment Titanic lost her fight
to stay afloat and broke in two.
890
00:54:56,210 --> 00:54:57,507
Let's take a look at the results of
891
00:54:57,508 --> 00:55:00,302
a two-and-a-half year study
by naval architects
892
00:55:00,303 --> 00:55:05,224
to see if we can pinpoint
where Titanic split and exactly how.
893
00:55:07,387 --> 00:55:10,561
We've peeled away the layers
to reconstruct the story of the forces
894
00:55:10,562 --> 00:55:14,528
that hammered Titanic
as she plummeted and hit bottom.
895
00:55:15,354 --> 00:55:18,278
Now, it's time to look at
the breakup at the surface.
896
00:55:27,741 --> 00:55:29,659
How did an unsinkable ship,
897
00:55:29,660 --> 00:55:33,585
the world's greatest technological marvel
at the time, break in two?
898
00:55:35,415 --> 00:55:39,795
If the wreck site is a crime scene,
the breakup was her last breath.
899
00:55:42,589 --> 00:55:44,590
In the days that followed the disaster,
900
00:55:44,591 --> 00:55:48,803
the US Senate hearing
and the British Board of Trade inquiry
901
00:55:48,804 --> 00:55:52,434
recorded contradictory
eyewitness testimony about the breakup.
902
00:55:53,851 --> 00:55:56,070
Some saw her break in two.
903
00:55:57,729 --> 00:56:00,608
Others swore she went down whole.
904
00:56:13,036 --> 00:56:16,666
The British Board of Trade
concluded that Titanic sank intact.
905
00:56:18,709 --> 00:56:20,251
Not until 1985,
906
00:56:20,252 --> 00:56:24,757
when explorer Bob Ballard's co-expedition
with the French found the wreck,
907
00:56:24,758 --> 00:56:28,477
did we have proof, once and for all,
that 'Wank. broke apart.
908
00:56:31,805 --> 00:56:33,933
Dr. Ballard will take questions now,
if you have any.
909
00:56:33,934 --> 00:56:35,853
How do you account for the fact that
910
00:56:35,854 --> 00:56:38,695
the bow and the stern
are at opposite ends of the debris field?
911
00:56:38,696 --> 00:56:44,275
Well, we found the boilers there,
major pieces of the stern,
912
00:56:44,276 --> 00:56:47,371
and that's separated by 800 meters.
I don't know.
913
00:56:47,372 --> 00:56:52,533
And again, I'm sure that 30%, if not more,
914
00:56:52,534 --> 00:56:56,414
of what I'm selling you right now
I will try to eat
915
00:56:56,830 --> 00:57:00,175
in a few weeks, when I finally get a chance
to look at my data.
916
00:57:08,759 --> 00:57:12,354
I'm kind of embarrassed
that somebody in the '70s or the '80s
917
00:57:12,355 --> 00:57:15,014
didn't put forward the breakup.
918
00:57:15,015 --> 00:57:17,725
- When you read the many accounts...
- It's all there.
919
00:57:17,726 --> 00:57:19,444
- it says, like...
- It's all spelled out.
920
00:57:19,445 --> 00:57:21,526
vast amounts of cork were found.
921
00:57:21,527 --> 00:57:24,318
Well, that's what they used
to insulate the uptakes.
922
00:57:24,319 --> 00:57:28,569
You know, the Pan's Wood,
it's a piece of wood from the lounges.
923
00:57:28,570 --> 00:57:29,913
As a matter of fact, you
use it in the movie.
924
00:57:29,914 --> 00:57:33,908
I think Rose is on it,
and Leo says, "Goodbye."
925
00:57:33,909 --> 00:57:36,327
Well, if the lounge is gone,
926
00:57:36,328 --> 00:57:38,918
and there's woodwork
from other parts of the ship,
927
00:57:38,919 --> 00:57:41,379
clearly there's no middle part
of the ship anymore.
928
00:57:41,380 --> 00:57:44,090
Why didn't the light bulb go off
in anybody's head?
929
00:57:44,091 --> 00:57:45,962
Because the wreck hadn't been found yet,
930
00:57:45,963 --> 00:57:48,466
and so there wasn't
as much worldwide interest.
931
00:57:48,467 --> 00:57:52,388
And so, there weren't groups of people
like ourselves focusing on this
932
00:57:52,389 --> 00:57:53,806
as much as we are now.
933
00:57:53,807 --> 00:57:56,225
Well, and then there is
that institutionalized myth.
934
00:57:56,226 --> 00:57:59,771
- Exactly. Who saw it break.
- There were survivors who said it broke.
935
00:57:59,772 --> 00:58:04,399
And they tried to tell the story,
and they were shouted down by experts,
936
00:58:04,400 --> 00:58:07,733
who insisted over the years that,
937
00:58:07,734 --> 00:58:10,236
"No, it couldn't have broken.
You're mistaken."
938
00:58:10,237 --> 00:58:12,577
- But this is the fun part of history.
- Yeah.
939
00:58:12,578 --> 00:58:15,825
Because everybody wanted to
think of Titanic as this majestic...
940
00:58:15,826 --> 00:58:17,415
They wanted to romanticize it.
941
00:58:17,416 --> 00:58:22,460
We wanted it to sink as this beautiful icon
that just passed away into another world.
942
00:58:22,461 --> 00:58:23,833
And be sitting on the bottom of...
943
00:58:23,834 --> 00:58:27,132
And is sitting on the bottom
in some ghostly, perfect way.
944
00:58:27,133 --> 00:58:32,222
Ruth Blanchard said, "People say that
I'm wrong, and that I didn't see right,
945
00:58:32,223 --> 00:58:34,390
"and that the ship
didn't really break in two.
946
00:58:34,391 --> 00:58:36,137
"I was only 12,
947
00:58:36,138 --> 00:58:40,105
"but I saw it, and we were
all talking about it in the lifeboat.
948
00:58:40,106 --> 00:58:42,727
"'Did you see that the ship broke in two?
949
00:58:42,728 --> 00:58:45,024
"'One part went this way,
and the rest went back down."'
950
00:58:45,025 --> 00:58:47,650
Now, they can't
all be having this hallucination.
951
00:58:47,651 --> 00:58:49,993
We heard a terrible explosion,
952
00:58:51,111 --> 00:58:55,614
and as all of you know,
the Titanic had four funnels.
953
00:58:55,615 --> 00:59:00,161
And when we heard this explosion,
the Titanic broke in half.
954
00:59:00,162 --> 00:59:01,379
I remember at one of our conventions,
955
00:59:01,380 --> 00:59:04,290
when Ruth Blanchard talked about
the ship breaking in two,
956
00:59:04,291 --> 00:59:05,586
and this was before they found the ship,
957
00:59:05,587 --> 00:59:07,960
and one of the officers at the society
grabbed the microphone
958
00:59:07,961 --> 00:59:09,634
and explained
how it was just her perception
959
00:59:09,635 --> 00:59:11,469
because the funnel had fallen.
960
00:59:11,470 --> 00:59:13,968
And in hindsight,
I wish she had taken the microphone back
961
00:59:13,969 --> 00:59:15,344
and said, "Were you there?"
962
00:59:16,178 --> 00:59:18,142
I called Don Lynch to this investigation
963
00:59:18,143 --> 00:59:21,563
for his insight into the experience
of the Titanic survivors.
964
00:59:22,476 --> 00:59:25,942
He spent his entire career
gathering their stories.
965
00:59:25,943 --> 00:59:29,111
Many of the survivors
were his close personal friends.
966
00:59:30,150 --> 00:59:34,779
Well, when I first joined
the Titanic Historical Society in 1974,
967
00:59:34,780 --> 00:59:37,158
and I realized
nobody had made an effort to find them.
968
00:59:37,159 --> 00:59:39,285
And so, I started tracking them down.
969
00:59:40,994 --> 00:59:44,294
I got to know a number of them,
I got to know some of them fairly well.
970
00:59:45,457 --> 00:59:48,254
The story of the Thanh is in the survivors,
971
00:59:48,255 --> 00:59:49,797
that's how we know what happened.
972
00:59:49,798 --> 00:59:51,923
And people sort of ignored that
all those years.
973
00:59:51,924 --> 00:59:54,840
There was always this fascination
with the ship and the shipwreck,
974
00:59:54,841 --> 00:59:57,014
and they didn't feel
we could learn more from the survivors.
975
00:59:57,015 --> 01:00:00,346
The question is,
what does seeing it break mean?
976
01:00:00,347 --> 01:00:02,348
Does it mean
seeing the ship suddenly move,
977
01:00:02,349 --> 01:00:03,894
associated with a loud noise?
978
01:00:03,895 --> 01:00:07,146
- No, they see an actual clean break.
- Right. Okay.
979
01:00:07,147 --> 01:00:10,524
So, do we know where the clean break is?
980
01:00:11,066 --> 01:00:12,534
- Right here?
- That's where the clean break is.
981
01:00:12,535 --> 01:00:14,153
And this is based on the wreck.
982
01:00:14,154 --> 01:00:17,076
- You're saying based on...
- On observations from the wreck.
983
01:00:17,239 --> 01:00:20,449
Well, it should be, actually,
at the promenade deck.
984
01:00:20,450 --> 01:00:22,326
It should be towards the top
of the promenade deck,
985
01:00:22,327 --> 01:00:24,954
or just at the bottom of the boat deck,
986
01:00:24,955 --> 01:00:28,207
midway between the second
and third funnels.
987
01:00:28,208 --> 01:00:29,291
- Here.
- There you go.
988
01:00:29,292 --> 01:00:31,132
- Oh, so that's right.
- He's just about right.
989
01:00:31,878 --> 01:00:34,713
The '95 animation gets this detail wrong.
990
01:00:34,714 --> 01:00:37,511
It shows the clean break
just behind the third funnel,
991
01:00:37,512 --> 01:00:39,724
and we now know that
it broke in front of it.
992
01:00:39,725 --> 01:00:42,438
Okay, I'm gonna fix this
in the new animation.
993
01:00:43,890 --> 01:00:46,225
So, we know where she broke.
994
01:00:46,226 --> 01:00:49,070
The question now is, how?
995
01:00:49,521 --> 01:00:53,607
It all comes back to,
did it detach in the vertical position?
996
01:00:53,608 --> 01:00:56,200
And what does that mean to
what subsequently happened to the stern?
997
01:00:56,201 --> 01:00:57,945
'Cause the stern is
where all the people were.
998
01:00:57,946 --> 01:00:59,572
And there are so many conflicting accounts
999
01:00:59,573 --> 01:01:01,744
of the stern being vertical,
but not vertical.
1000
01:01:01,745 --> 01:01:04,369
Kind of also, you know,
"How wrong was the movie?"
1001
01:01:05,078 --> 01:01:08,082
That's kind of important to me
as well, you know.
1002
01:01:08,083 --> 01:01:11,584
But I think we were right about
the idea that the bow swung down,
1003
01:01:11,585 --> 01:01:16,091
once the forces were relieved,
and it broke, swung down,
1004
01:01:22,262 --> 01:01:25,431
and took off for the bottom
with a high rate.
1005
01:01:25,432 --> 01:01:28,147
Right. So, one thing is very strong enough
1006
01:01:28,148 --> 01:01:30,487
to hold the bow attached to the stern.
1007
01:01:30,488 --> 01:01:31,645
Double bottom.
1008
01:01:31,646 --> 01:01:33,833
- Double bottom...
- Double bottom is holding it together.
1009
01:01:33,857 --> 01:01:36,572
'Wank: was constructed
with a double bottom,
1010
01:01:36,573 --> 01:01:40,618
which in theory made the ship's underside
more resistant to damage and flooding.
1011
01:01:41,031 --> 01:01:45,081
Could this innovation have delayed
Titanic's breakup and bought time,
1012
01:01:45,082 --> 01:01:48,370
maybe only minutes,
to save additional lives?
1013
01:01:48,371 --> 01:01:49,872
Did a piece of the double bottom
1014
01:01:49,873 --> 01:01:52,843
hold the bow and stern together
till the very last moment?
1015
01:01:57,464 --> 01:02:01,262
We've all been thinking of this as the
classic break-the-sword-over-the-knee,
1016
01:02:01,263 --> 01:02:02,429
one split, and that's fine,
1017
01:02:02,430 --> 01:02:06,269
'cause that does account
for the primary fracture at Frame 12 aft.
1018
01:02:06,270 --> 01:02:10,481
But is it possible that there is
some sort of rotational component?
1019
01:02:10,482 --> 01:02:13,105
Because I want to ask whether or not
you're looking at,
1020
01:02:13,106 --> 01:02:15,275
in medicine, what's called
a "greenstick fracture."
1021
01:02:15,276 --> 01:02:17,526
- Oh, absolutely.
- If you take a bone and twist it,
1022
01:02:17,527 --> 01:02:21,155
it doesn't cleave, it fractures
in a complicated spiral way.
1023
01:02:21,156 --> 01:02:23,748
The so-called "greenstick fracture"
is the way in which
1024
01:02:23,749 --> 01:02:27,868
the keel broke away from the ship,
1025
01:02:27,869 --> 01:02:30,998
to account for how it's isolated
from the rest of the wreck.
1026
01:02:31,498 --> 01:02:35,376
Sometimes when structures fail,
1027
01:02:35,377 --> 01:02:39,672
the last part to fail will stay connected
to both ends.
1028
01:02:39,673 --> 01:02:41,469
Maybe we should take it over to the...
1029
01:02:41,470 --> 01:02:42,930
- Do you wanna go?
- Okay. Yeah.
1030
01:02:42,931 --> 01:02:44,018
Grab your banana.
1031
01:02:45,262 --> 01:02:47,014
- Hello?
- I beg your pardon?
1032
01:02:48,348 --> 01:02:50,646
A little early in the party for that,
don't you think?
1033
01:02:50,647 --> 01:02:52,476
Right. So, yes.
1034
01:02:52,477 --> 01:02:53,729
It actually works quite well.
1035
01:02:53,730 --> 01:02:55,688
This is one of our
scientific analysis tools.
1036
01:02:55,689 --> 01:02:58,489
Yeah, it's pretty good, because
look what happens when you rip through.
1037
01:02:58,775 --> 01:03:02,325
A banana turns out to be a great way
to model the breakup of Titanic.
1038
01:03:02,779 --> 01:03:04,869
So imagine that
the bow is going underwater,
1039
01:03:04,870 --> 01:03:06,240
and the stern's being lifted up.
1040
01:03:06,241 --> 01:03:08,913
And you've got
a center of buoyancy right here.
1041
01:03:08,914 --> 01:03:11,914
This is gonna be so cool,
'cause it's gonna break just like the ship.
1042
01:03:11,915 --> 01:03:14,456
So it starts to break at the top,
1043
01:03:14,457 --> 01:03:18,380
there's a buckling failure underneath,
which you can see right there.
1044
01:03:18,381 --> 01:03:20,096
Starts to tear down. Right?
1045
01:03:20,097 --> 01:03:23,924
So now the stern's falling back,
the bow's sinking down,
1046
01:03:23,925 --> 01:03:26,719
and as they separate... Check that out.
1047
01:03:26,720 --> 01:03:30,431
There is the double bottom
separating from the stern
1048
01:03:30,432 --> 01:03:32,683
and from the bow.
1049
01:03:32,684 --> 01:03:34,186
All right'?
Now the only thing that's missing...
1050
01:03:34,187 --> 01:03:35,607
You've got to tear it.
1051
01:03:36,062 --> 01:03:40,232
And this is how the bow separates
and drops down, like that.
1052
01:03:40,233 --> 01:03:43,736
Now the stern's sitting at the surface
with this big piece of double bottom.
1053
01:03:43,737 --> 01:03:45,614
The stern now floods, goes vertical,
1054
01:03:45,615 --> 01:03:49,033
heads for the bottom
at high speed, like this.
1055
01:03:49,034 --> 01:03:50,911
And this big piece of windage here,
1056
01:03:50,912 --> 01:03:54,371
that's flapping in the breeze, bends back,
1057
01:03:54,372 --> 01:03:57,875
breaks off, and goes frisbeeing off
across the debris field
1058
01:03:57,876 --> 01:04:00,004
about a quarter of a mile away.
1059
01:04:01,004 --> 01:04:02,597
Banana peel theory.
1060
01:04:08,928 --> 01:04:13,020
Okay, let's rewind the clock to
the early morning hours of April 15, 1912.
1061
01:04:13,021 --> 01:04:16,188
Go back to the moment
just before Titanic broke
1062
01:04:16,189 --> 01:04:19,146
in order to understand
the escalation of forces
1063
01:04:19,147 --> 01:04:21,068
that caused this massive failure
in a structure
1064
01:04:21,069 --> 01:04:22,864
that's designed to be unbreakable.
1065
01:04:28,823 --> 01:04:30,616
Basically, buoyancy
1066
01:04:30,617 --> 01:04:32,870
is what determines if
the ship floats or not.
1067
01:04:33,912 --> 01:04:38,759
In Titanic's case, the stern maintained
its positive buoyancy for a while
1068
01:04:38,760 --> 01:04:40,667
and stayed on the surface,
1069
01:04:40,668 --> 01:04:42,586
then the bow became nothing
but a dead weight
1070
01:04:42,587 --> 01:04:44,347
that's got to go to the
bottom of the ocean.
1071
01:04:45,632 --> 01:04:49,478
Once the bow had gone under and lifted
the stern right out of the water,
1072
01:04:49,479 --> 01:04:53,815
stresses not anticipated
by the ship's designers wreaked havoc.
1073
01:05:14,327 --> 01:05:19,915
If this bow was hanging down like you say,
it's totally negative buoyancy.
1074
01:05:19,916 --> 01:05:23,507
Or very close to it. Probably has
still some airspace at the top.
1075
01:05:23,508 --> 01:05:28,132
Which speaks to the buoyancy in the stern
because that thing is holding up...
1076
01:05:28,133 --> 01:05:29,726
- That's what's holding it.
- All of that.
1077
01:05:29,727 --> 01:05:33,183
Thought of as a complete system,
it's still positively buoyant.
1078
01:05:33,184 --> 01:05:35,681
But there's this huge negative mass,
pendulous mass,
1079
01:05:35,682 --> 01:05:40,686
which breaks off at some point,
maybe at this angle, maybe at this angle,
1080
01:05:40,687 --> 01:05:42,232
maybe it hangs on for a second.
1081
01:05:42,233 --> 01:05:45,530
Maybe as it is achieving that angle,
it's ripping away.
1082
01:05:47,193 --> 01:05:49,537
In order to test popularly held assumptions
1083
01:05:49,538 --> 01:05:51,572
based on eyewitness accounts,
1084
01:05:51,573 --> 01:05:53,869
I've commissioned
a team of naval architects
1085
01:05:53,870 --> 01:05:56,666
to apply a scientific method
to Titanic's breakup,
1086
01:05:57,036 --> 01:05:59,710
to really separate myth from reality.
1087
01:06:00,665 --> 01:06:02,963
Do you wanna tell us about
the modeling software that was used?
1088
01:06:02,964 --> 01:06:05,169
Sure. I think we need to shift...
1089
01:06:05,170 --> 01:06:06,879
We'll switch to...
1090
01:06:06,880 --> 01:06:09,191
- Yeah, we'll come back to this.
- Stettler's computer, please.
1091
01:06:09,215 --> 01:06:10,260
So, what I wanted to do...
1092
01:06:10,261 --> 01:06:13,387
I'll just stand up a little bit,
here, to illustrate.
1093
01:06:13,388 --> 01:06:16,226
These are called
hydrostatics and stability softwares,
1094
01:06:16,227 --> 01:06:18,145
and there's a number of them out there.
1095
01:06:18,391 --> 01:06:20,392
Basically the way they all work is,
1096
01:06:20,393 --> 01:06:24,648
- you use the lines drawing for the ship...
- What did you use as a source?
1097
01:06:24,649 --> 01:06:26,900
The Harland and Wolff drawings?
1098
01:06:27,442 --> 01:06:29,661
Right, the original drawings
from Harland and Wolff.
1099
01:06:30,361 --> 01:06:34,366
In Titanic's time, shipbuilding
was at the cutting edge of all industries.
1100
01:06:34,367 --> 01:06:37,117
Harland and Wolff, based
in Belfast, Ireland,
1101
01:06:37,118 --> 01:06:40,247
was a revolutionary shipyard
that designed iron ships
1102
01:06:40,248 --> 01:06:42,965
that didn't simply copy
the design of wooden ships.
1103
01:06:44,042 --> 01:06:46,257
This allowed them to build bigger, better,
1104
01:06:46,258 --> 01:06:50,723
and technologically superior vessels
ahead of any of their competitors.
1105
01:06:51,424 --> 01:06:54,765
Unfortunately, their crowning
achievement, Titanic,
1106
01:06:54,766 --> 01:06:58,061
flooded, split in half,
and sank to the bottom of the ocean.
1107
01:06:59,390 --> 01:07:02,688
Now, using today's most advanced
shipbuilding computer tools,
1108
01:07:02,689 --> 01:07:04,937
Commander Stettler
will attempt to figure out
1109
01:07:04,938 --> 01:07:08,065
why Harland and Wolff's design failed.
1110
01:07:08,066 --> 01:07:12,027
So this is just a representative section,
as we call them.
1111
01:07:12,028 --> 01:07:15,407
All the compartments had to be defined
by the balance of the decks.
1112
01:07:15,408 --> 01:07:16,995
So you can see the coal bunkers,
1113
01:07:16,996 --> 01:07:21,792
and the salt water tanks are green,
and the blue are the fresh water tanks.
1114
01:07:22,747 --> 01:07:25,626
So we model the hull
as a bunch of these sections,
1115
01:07:25,627 --> 01:07:27,751
basically, these slices,
1116
01:07:27,752 --> 01:07:33,215
and for each slice, that slice has
an area of property associated with it.
1117
01:07:33,216 --> 01:07:37,096
And we can actually calculate, basically,
the resistance to bending,
1118
01:07:37,097 --> 01:07:39,974
or flexure, of that section of the hull.
1119
01:07:40,181 --> 01:07:42,896
And then we can use that
to find the stress.
1120
01:07:42,897 --> 01:07:45,439
So let me just shift the view a little bit.
1121
01:07:45,440 --> 01:07:48,155
Now let's look at the stress, say,
in this panel here,
1122
01:07:48,356 --> 01:07:50,575
and plot the bending moment.
1123
01:07:51,317 --> 01:07:56,323
So, now you see what's on the bottom
is actually negative.
1124
01:07:56,698 --> 01:07:58,198
Compressive stresses in the bottom.
1125
01:07:58,199 --> 01:08:00,042
- Compressive stress in the bottom.
- Tension...
1126
01:08:00,043 --> 01:08:03,163
And you see the yellow
and a little bit of red up there,
1127
01:08:03,164 --> 01:08:06,006
that's tensional or
positive stresses. Okay?
1128
01:08:06,499 --> 01:08:08,125
So what's interesting is,
it's basically saying that
1129
01:08:08,126 --> 01:08:11,336
the bottom plating of the ship will buckle
1130
01:08:11,337 --> 01:08:14,017
- before the material reaches a yield stress.
- At a smaller stress.
1131
01:08:14,173 --> 01:08:17,509
Just to be clear,
based on your calculations,
1132
01:08:17,510 --> 01:08:20,225
we're thinking that
the bottom buckled first,
1133
01:08:20,226 --> 01:08:22,394
before the shell broke at the top.
1134
01:08:22,395 --> 01:08:23,473
Correct.
1135
01:08:23,474 --> 01:08:26,521
We know the steel was better in tension
than it was in compression.
1136
01:08:26,522 --> 01:08:28,520
Right, but that makes the keel
even stronger.
1137
01:08:28,521 --> 01:08:30,731
It was put into compression,
1138
01:08:30,732 --> 01:08:33,025
but was still strong enough to hold
1139
01:08:33,026 --> 01:08:35,199
- the two sections together momentarily.
- To hold together.
1140
01:08:35,200 --> 01:08:38,073
What Commander Stettler was able to do
1141
01:08:38,239 --> 01:08:42,289
was bring a rational, mathematical model.
1142
01:08:43,036 --> 01:08:45,880
No cinema tricks,
1143
01:08:46,372 --> 01:08:51,043
no mythology, just the facts.
"This is what the computer said."
1144
01:08:51,044 --> 01:08:53,547
I found that was a breath of fresh air,
1145
01:08:53,548 --> 01:08:58,508
because it lets you sever the chains
with those preconceptions you have
1146
01:08:58,509 --> 01:08:59,726
and say, "A-ha!
1147
01:09:00,553 --> 01:09:02,806
“This is what happened."
1148
01:09:03,848 --> 01:09:06,818
Commander Stettler's analysis
gives us the scientific proof
1149
01:09:06,819 --> 01:09:09,904
to support our ideas of
Titanic's last hours.
1150
01:09:11,856 --> 01:09:13,357
But what about the flooding itself,
1151
01:09:13,358 --> 01:09:15,360
and how the rushing water
brought the ship down?
1152
01:09:17,862 --> 01:09:20,240
Did her stern really rise out of the water?
1153
01:09:20,990 --> 01:09:23,455
It's a controversial shot in the movie,
1154
01:09:23,456 --> 01:09:27,126
a gut-wrenching, big-screen moment
based on survivor testimony.
1155
01:09:27,914 --> 01:09:29,916
Is this really how it happened?
1156
01:09:37,840 --> 01:09:42,596
If the breakup was Titanic's last breath,
the iceberg strike was her death blow.
1157
01:09:47,600 --> 01:09:50,227
It damaged nearly 300 feet of her hull,
1158
01:09:50,228 --> 01:09:54,108
allowing flooding in five
of her 16 major watertight compartments.
1159
01:10:02,281 --> 01:10:04,784
An injury that fatally crippled the ship.
1160
01:10:11,124 --> 01:10:14,378
No one has ever actually seen
the iceberg damage.
1161
01:10:14,379 --> 01:10:17,677
It lies buried in the sediment,
underneath the ocean floor.
1162
01:10:18,131 --> 01:10:22,511
But using the modern analytic tools
of the shipbuilding industry,
1163
01:10:22,512 --> 01:10:25,684
can we fill in some holes
in our understanding of the flooding?
1164
01:10:25,888 --> 01:10:30,359
So, Commander Stettler's gonna start off.
He's gonna show us the sinking studies.
1165
01:10:30,360 --> 01:10:31,435
Yep.
1166
01:10:31,436 --> 01:10:34,110
Let's turn to the flooding analysis
to look for facts.
1167
01:10:36,315 --> 01:10:40,444
We know some things about
the initiation of the flooding,
1168
01:10:40,445 --> 01:10:44,075
that it sideswiped an iceberg,
that it opened the first five compartments.
1169
01:10:44,365 --> 01:10:48,827
We have some outer boundaries
that were set up by the testimony.
1170
01:10:48,828 --> 01:10:50,918
We know it didn't take three days to sink,
1171
01:10:50,919 --> 01:10:54,336
we know it took about two-and-a-half,
two hours and 40 minutes.
1172
01:10:54,337 --> 01:10:55,880
So, there are certain things we know.
1173
01:10:55,881 --> 01:11:00,172
They were able to create
a model complex enough
1174
01:11:00,173 --> 01:11:04,178
and accurate enough to be able to tell us
certain things we didn't know before.
1175
01:11:05,344 --> 01:11:08,188
How did the floodwater
move through the ship?
1176
01:11:09,015 --> 01:11:11,689
How did the bow so rapidly go negative?
1177
01:11:13,060 --> 01:11:14,778
How did the stern rise?
1178
01:11:16,022 --> 01:11:19,526
Let's turn to the naval architects'
progressive flooding mode!
1179
01:11:19,527 --> 01:11:21,026
To look for facts.
1180
01:11:21,027 --> 01:11:25,077
Part of the analysis that I was working on
is a hydrostatics study.
1181
01:11:25,078 --> 01:11:28,200
It involves tracking the floodwater
1182
01:11:28,201 --> 01:11:32,204
as it moves from the sea,
through the holes in the hull,
1183
01:11:32,205 --> 01:11:34,169
up and through all the compartments.
1184
01:11:34,170 --> 01:11:36,543
I have sliced the model up
in a bunch of places,
1185
01:11:36,544 --> 01:11:40,712
so you have Hold 1, Hold 2, Hold 3.
1186
01:11:40,713 --> 01:11:42,384
We haven't ever been able to track
1187
01:11:42,385 --> 01:11:45,225
the compartment-to-compartment
progression of floodwater before.
1188
01:11:45,510 --> 01:11:47,055
It allows us to determine
1189
01:11:47,056 --> 01:11:49,763
if the floodwater would've reached
one part of a compartment
1190
01:11:49,764 --> 01:11:51,437
or a different part of a compartment first.
1191
01:11:51,438 --> 01:11:56,654
It allows us to much more accurately see,
at any intermediate stage of flooding,
1192
01:11:56,655 --> 01:11:58,563
how the ship is loaded
1193
01:11:58,564 --> 01:12:00,817
and what the structural
consequences of that are.
1194
01:12:01,776 --> 01:12:03,449
All right, so here we go.
1195
01:12:14,372 --> 01:12:17,251
It's recalculating everything
on ten-second intervals.
1196
01:12:20,253 --> 01:12:22,096
As you can see,
there's a long period in here
1197
01:12:22,097 --> 01:12:25,092
between, say, 25 minutes
and 45 minutes or so,
1198
01:12:25,093 --> 01:12:28,015
before you get much flooding
in other places.
1199
01:12:29,554 --> 01:12:30,851
Can you stop for one second?
1200
01:12:31,264 --> 01:12:32,766
How is it getting to here?
1201
01:12:32,767 --> 01:12:35,141
Is that Scotland Road?
1202
01:12:35,142 --> 01:12:37,110
This is Scotland Road. Yeah.
1203
01:12:37,603 --> 01:12:40,856
Scotland Road is the long passageway
on the port side of E deck
1204
01:12:40,857 --> 01:12:42,780
that travels the length of the ship.
1205
01:12:43,359 --> 01:12:44,948
As Scotland Road flooded,
1206
01:12:44,949 --> 01:12:48,242
it completely undermined
the precaution of sealed compartments,
1207
01:12:48,243 --> 01:12:51,083
like an accelerant,
acting as a shortcut for the floodwater
1208
01:12:51,084 --> 01:12:53,419
over the top of the bulkheads.
1209
01:12:53,661 --> 01:12:55,208
Here we go.
1210
01:12:57,832 --> 01:13:01,962
Because the starboard side on E deck,
sort of starboard of Scotland Road,
1211
01:13:01,963 --> 01:13:06,137
is allowed to, in our model right now,
flood earlier, it floods first.
1212
01:13:08,384 --> 01:13:10,010
To see it dissected in such a way,
1213
01:13:10,011 --> 01:13:13,058
and to see how the flooding progressed
in a forensic way like that,
1214
01:13:13,059 --> 01:13:16,480
was almost like seeing Titanic sink
for the first time.
1215
01:13:17,018 --> 01:13:21,521
Another accelerant
was an open door on D deck, just one.
1216
01:13:21,522 --> 01:13:26,403
Why would someone open a large door on the
lower level of a rapidly sinking ship?
1217
01:13:26,652 --> 01:13:31,076
Second Officer Lightoller at one point
sent a boatswain by the name of Nichols
1218
01:13:31,077 --> 01:13:34,621
to grab some men and go down
and open one of the doors.
1219
01:13:34,622 --> 01:13:38,288
And I think the idea was that,
since he wasn't loading the lifeboats full,
1220
01:13:38,289 --> 01:13:40,040
that they would come back
and take people off
1221
01:13:40,041 --> 01:13:41,505
through the doorway or something.
1222
01:13:41,506 --> 01:13:42,843
And he never saw the man again.
1223
01:13:42,844 --> 01:13:47,841
And when they found the ship in 1985,
there it is. The door is open.
1224
01:13:51,427 --> 01:13:55,851
The interesting thing about the D deck
shell door on the port side is that
1225
01:13:55,852 --> 01:13:59,068
it communicates down a quarter
all the way forward.
1226
01:13:59,852 --> 01:14:04,073
If you look at it here. Here's your door.
If your water could come in here,
1227
01:14:04,074 --> 01:14:08,411
it could come down and
flood the entire forward D deck.
1228
01:14:11,906 --> 01:14:14,121
We should stop it
at the peak of that stress curve,
1229
01:14:14,122 --> 01:14:17,040
because we know it didn't go past that,
so that's your upper bound.
1230
01:14:17,662 --> 01:14:19,960
Okay, the peak of the stress curve
is the moment we're after.
1231
01:14:19,961 --> 01:14:22,046
It's just before the ship broke.
1232
01:14:22,047 --> 01:14:26,171
When we reach this point,
we'll know the final angle of the stern.
1233
01:14:35,888 --> 01:14:38,061
Yeah, it should be at 19 degrees at trim.
1234
01:14:38,062 --> 01:14:39,224
Interesting.
1235
01:14:39,225 --> 01:14:41,101
Okay, the model shows us
that the flooding caused
1236
01:14:41,102 --> 01:14:43,480
a 19-degree maximum angle of tilt.
1237
01:14:44,397 --> 01:14:48,024
There is no subsequent force
acting on the ship
1238
01:14:48,025 --> 01:14:53,405
that would tend to break it,
that exists greater than that moment
1239
01:14:53,406 --> 01:14:55,115
until it hits the bottom.
1240
01:14:55,116 --> 01:14:57,244
And we know it broke
before it hit the bottom.
1241
01:14:57,245 --> 01:15:00,578
That might be our maximum tilt.
1242
01:15:00,579 --> 01:15:01,580
Yeah.
1243
01:15:02,748 --> 01:15:03,957
Not as much as we thought.
1244
01:15:03,958 --> 01:15:05,754
Ken, you're going to have to
repaint your paintings, buddy.
1245
01:15:05,755 --> 01:15:08,275
- I'm going to have to re-shoot my movie.
- Which one's easier'?
1246
01:15:09,005 --> 01:15:11,599
Painting. I'll help you
paint the paintings.
1247
01:15:17,680 --> 01:15:20,727
I think this is pretty amazing.
I mean, this is completely new to me,
1248
01:15:20,728 --> 01:15:23,820
that in the two-and-a-half hours
it took Titanic to sink,
1249
01:15:23,821 --> 01:15:25,438
she never capsized.
1250
01:15:25,730 --> 01:15:28,984
We never really thought about that.
It was staring us in the face.
1251
01:15:28,985 --> 01:15:30,191
Ships capsize.
1252
01:15:30,192 --> 01:15:32,488
We saw it recently
with the Costa Concordia
1253
01:15:32,489 --> 01:15:34,112
that sank off the coast of Italy.
1254
01:15:34,113 --> 01:15:35,697
And when you look back
1255
01:15:35,698 --> 01:15:38,326
at the history of
all the other famous shipwrecks,
1256
01:15:38,327 --> 01:15:39,497
they all roll over.
1257
01:15:40,286 --> 01:15:43,335
Bismarck rolled over,
Andrea Doria rolled over.
1258
01:15:44,123 --> 01:15:46,087
But Titanic just went almost straight down.
1259
01:15:46,088 --> 01:15:47,630
Yeah, toward the end it had, maybe,
1260
01:15:47,631 --> 01:15:51,129
a variously reported six,
maybe eight-degree list.
1261
01:15:51,130 --> 01:15:52,131
That's not much.
1262
01:15:52,590 --> 01:15:54,466
That creates a whole new question.
1263
01:15:54,467 --> 01:15:55,637
Were they trimming the ship?
1264
01:15:55,638 --> 01:15:58,099
Were the engineers,
none of whom survived,
1265
01:15:58,100 --> 01:15:59,809
actually trimming the ship actively?
1266
01:15:59,810 --> 01:16:03,728
Were they fighting that?
Were they that good with their pumps
1267
01:16:03,729 --> 01:16:08,275
by filling the trim tanks and seeing
the ship was listing one direction,
1268
01:16:08,276 --> 01:16:13,153
controlling it and trying to keep it
upright so they could get those boats off?
1269
01:16:13,154 --> 01:16:14,369
Or did they just get lucky?
1270
01:16:14,779 --> 01:16:17,657
Was it the most amazing piece of luck
in maritime history
1271
01:16:17,658 --> 01:16:20,408
that they managed to
successfully evacuate
1272
01:16:20,409 --> 01:16:25,163
700-some people in the boats
while the ship just sat
1273
01:16:25,164 --> 01:16:26,835
perfectly upright in the water?
1274
01:16:26,836 --> 01:16:28,252
I've never thought of that before.
1275
01:16:28,253 --> 01:16:31,466
Well, there are some questions
we're just going to have to live with.
1276
01:16:31,467 --> 01:16:35,092
But before I send these guys home,
there's a game I like to play.
1277
01:16:36,008 --> 01:16:39,387
What would you have done
if you were captain of Titanic?
1278
01:16:39,720 --> 01:16:41,768
Could more lives have been saved?
1279
01:16:49,146 --> 01:16:53,196
Titanic set sail
with more than 2,200 souls on board,
1280
01:16:54,026 --> 01:16:56,950
but just over 700
would survive the disaster.
1281
01:16:57,822 --> 01:16:59,199
Some went down with the ship.
1282
01:17:00,032 --> 01:17:03,957
Most froze to death floating
in the frigid waters of the North Atlantic
1283
01:17:03,958 --> 01:17:05,995
waiting for a rescue ship.
1284
01:17:05,996 --> 01:17:07,122
Right ahead, sir.
1285
01:17:09,542 --> 01:17:10,712
Careful with your oars.
1286
01:17:10,713 --> 01:17:12,048
Even with only enough lifeboats
1287
01:17:12,049 --> 01:17:15,010
for 50% of the passengers
and crew on board,
1288
01:17:15,011 --> 01:17:17,633
could the crisis have been managed
more effectively?
1289
01:17:19,885 --> 01:17:21,432
Can anyone hear me?
1290
01:17:22,596 --> 01:17:25,937
Let me pose a problem
based on everything you guys know.
1291
01:17:25,938 --> 01:17:30,404
Let's say I've got a time machine
and I can teleport you back to Titanic
1292
01:17:30,405 --> 01:17:34,149
one second after the ship
has already hit the iceberg.
1293
01:17:34,150 --> 01:17:36,744
You can do anything,
but you've already hit the iceberg.
1294
01:17:37,194 --> 01:17:39,033
So it's really an exercise in,
1295
01:17:39,034 --> 01:17:41,748
could the crisis have been
managed differently
1296
01:17:41,749 --> 01:17:43,658
if they knew what we knew?
1297
01:17:43,659 --> 01:17:45,377
How would you have saved everybody?
1298
01:17:45,828 --> 01:17:48,707
And it's not meant
as an indictment of the choices
1299
01:17:48,708 --> 01:17:51,209
that were made by the captain
and the officers.
1300
01:17:51,210 --> 01:17:55,006
I think they were managing the problem
about as well as humanly possible
1301
01:17:55,007 --> 01:17:56,299
under the circumstances.
1302
01:17:56,300 --> 01:17:58,675
But with what we know now,
could we have done any better?
1303
01:17:58,676 --> 01:18:01,139
Like, how would you
have saved everybody?
1304
01:18:01,140 --> 01:18:04,981
Save everybody, I think it was not
possible. You can save much more.
1305
01:18:05,556 --> 01:18:08,435
We can shift the number, that's for sure.
1306
01:18:12,021 --> 01:18:13,860
I think you could save everybody.
1307
01:18:13,861 --> 01:18:16,325
I think you could save everybody
and their dog.
1308
01:18:17,526 --> 01:18:18,693
Really?
1309
01:18:18,694 --> 01:18:19,946
I think there's a couple of ways to do it.
1310
01:18:19,947 --> 01:18:22,160
There's two ways to do it
that I can think of.
1311
01:18:22,161 --> 01:18:25,660
There is a ship.
There is a ship six to eight miles away.
1312
01:18:25,661 --> 01:18:27,624
- One.
- Well observed by everybody.
1313
01:18:27,625 --> 01:18:29,793
All right? It's there. You can see it.
1314
01:18:30,122 --> 01:18:33,213
It's thought to have been
the British steam ship Californian,
1315
01:18:33,214 --> 01:18:37,009
within radio contact of the Titanic
right before the accident.
1316
01:18:37,296 --> 01:18:40,550
One of the officers told people
when they were getting in the boat
1317
01:18:40,551 --> 01:18:41,846
to go row to that ship.
1318
01:18:41,847 --> 01:18:42,967
Captain Smith.
1319
01:18:42,968 --> 01:18:45,808
Captain Smith, he was telling people
to row to the ship.
1320
01:18:45,809 --> 01:18:47,099
Why row to the ship?
1321
01:18:47,100 --> 01:18:48,973
Why not drive your ship to that ship?
1322
01:18:48,974 --> 01:18:51,809
Six miles with a boat like that?
1323
01:18:51,810 --> 01:18:54,063
No, no, no. Not that boat. That ship.
1324
01:18:55,314 --> 01:18:57,649
Drive your ship to the other ship.
1325
01:18:57,650 --> 01:18:59,484
And I would say even drive it backwards.
1326
01:18:59,485 --> 01:19:01,565
You don't want to go too fast,
'cause you're damaged.
1327
01:19:03,405 --> 01:19:05,999
You've only got to go six miles.
It's not very far.
1328
01:19:06,000 --> 01:19:10,588
No, but it could be an hour,
or something like that.
1329
01:19:10,996 --> 01:19:14,341
Drive it backwards,
it's going to tend to plane up slightly
1330
01:19:14,342 --> 01:19:17,252
and not add to the flooding.
1331
01:19:17,253 --> 01:19:19,379
You'd actually relieve the pressure
and slow the flooding.
1332
01:19:19,380 --> 01:19:20,802
You think it's just pure head pressure?
1333
01:19:20,803 --> 01:19:22,175
We respectfully disagree.
1334
01:19:22,176 --> 01:19:25,847
It's a big ship and
the holes are far underwater and it just...
1335
01:19:25,848 --> 01:19:29,389
I think Jeff and I made the point in there.
We disagree with that one.
1336
01:19:29,390 --> 01:19:31,857
You're going to evacuate some of them.
Some are going to go in the water
1337
01:19:31,858 --> 01:19:33,977
and some are going to have to
get picked up by the other ship.
1338
01:19:33,978 --> 01:19:36,481
So that's your biggest problem,
is the transfer.
1339
01:19:36,482 --> 01:19:39,983
Driving a ship backwards,
I was not in favor,
1340
01:19:39,984 --> 01:19:42,360
but I had no objective reasons.
1341
01:19:42,361 --> 01:19:44,784
It just seemed like
the wrong thing to do to me.
1342
01:19:45,364 --> 01:19:48,074
My first favorite idea is to
put everybody on the iceberg
1343
01:19:48,075 --> 01:19:49,076
'cause it's not sinking.
1344
01:19:49,785 --> 01:19:52,203
Take a fur coat, sit on the iceberg.
1345
01:19:52,204 --> 01:19:53,705
If you have access to the iceberg.
1346
01:19:53,706 --> 01:19:55,959
Why don't you have access to it?
You just ran into it.
1347
01:19:55,960 --> 01:19:57,458
You left it behind.
1348
01:19:57,459 --> 01:20:00,131
A couple hundred meters away.
It's sitting right there.
1349
01:20:00,132 --> 01:20:04,305
If you have trouble convincing people
to get into a lifeboat...
1350
01:20:06,385 --> 01:20:09,601
They didn't have any trouble
when they got up to boat 13 and 15.
1351
01:20:09,602 --> 01:20:11,018
- That was later.
- Yeah.
1352
01:20:11,019 --> 01:20:12,098
That was later.
1353
01:20:12,099 --> 01:20:14,898
How are you going to put 2,000 people
on an iceberg that
1354
01:20:14,899 --> 01:20:17,854
you know is pretty irregular?
1355
01:20:17,855 --> 01:20:19,947
And how in the hell are
you going to get them on top?
1356
01:20:19,948 --> 01:20:22,238
- What I would do is...
- I think I'd be taking a chance on that.
1357
01:20:22,239 --> 01:20:24,324
- Here's the option.
- It's either that,
1358
01:20:24,325 --> 01:20:26,867
or cling to the stern, which is going down.
1359
01:20:26,868 --> 01:20:28,077
No, no. Option two.
1360
01:20:28,078 --> 01:20:30,825
They had received reports for days
that there was field ice,
1361
01:20:30,826 --> 01:20:33,705
and they knew
they were within five miles of it.
1362
01:20:33,706 --> 01:20:35,375
- Field ice. Pack ice.
- Right.
1363
01:20:35,376 --> 01:20:39,089
Now that you can easily walk right onto
from any shell door.
1364
01:20:39,090 --> 01:20:41,428
Sure. Just drive the ship right into it.
1365
01:20:41,429 --> 01:20:46,017
I would've headed northwest
until I hit the pack ice.
1366
01:20:46,842 --> 01:20:48,431
Much easier than climbing.
1367
01:20:48,432 --> 01:20:50,348
- But then you have to sail.
- Yes, yes.
1368
01:20:50,349 --> 01:20:51,685
Why you don't sail to the ship?
1369
01:20:51,686 --> 01:20:53,644
To the ship?
Because of the transfer problem.
1370
01:20:53,645 --> 01:20:55,480
I would prefer to be on the ship than...
1371
01:20:55,481 --> 01:20:58,070
What if the ship turns out to be
a 50-foot fishing sloop?
1372
01:20:58,071 --> 01:21:01,441
How do you get 3,000 people
on a 50-foot ship.
1373
01:21:02,232 --> 01:21:06,199
I don't think we came up
with any super brilliant ways to solve it.
1374
01:21:06,200 --> 01:21:08,034
There were a couple
that might have worked,
1375
01:21:08,035 --> 01:21:10,203
if you were incredibly ballsy
and just went for them.
1376
01:21:10,449 --> 01:21:13,623
You could've spent your time
fashioning rafts.
1377
01:21:14,161 --> 01:21:16,876
Oh, that's another...
That could be a possibility
1378
01:21:16,877 --> 01:21:18,793
with all the chairs and stuff like that.
1379
01:21:18,794 --> 01:21:20,962
But the people,
they will be already in the water.
1380
01:21:20,963 --> 01:21:23,461
You could go tear the woodwork
off the first-class lounge
1381
01:21:23,462 --> 01:21:26,259
- and throw more of that into the water.
- One guy took a bunch of deck chairs
1382
01:21:26,260 --> 01:21:27,803
and he made a raft out of it and survived.
1383
01:21:27,804 --> 01:21:29,926
Yeah, but you can put
more and more on them...
1384
01:21:29,927 --> 01:21:31,645
No, but that's
one guy on his own initiative.
1385
01:21:31,646 --> 01:21:33,638
If you had the crew concentrated
1386
01:21:33,639 --> 01:21:38,726
on fashioning rafts from the
carpenters' stores, I think that...
1387
01:21:38,727 --> 01:21:42,072
I don't see that happening.
You might've saved another 50 people.
1388
01:21:42,073 --> 01:21:44,982
Some people have come up with the idea of
1389
01:21:44,983 --> 01:21:47,530
gathering together
a whole bunch of mattresses
1390
01:21:47,531 --> 01:21:51,908
and lowering them over by ropes
over the side, and they suck against the...
1391
01:21:51,909 --> 01:21:55,248
'Cause they knew from the inside
where the leaks were.
1392
01:21:55,249 --> 01:21:59,920
Ken had an interesting idea of putting
mattresses down the side of the ship
1393
01:21:59,921 --> 01:22:06,594
and trying to block the inrush of water
into Boiler Room 5 and Boiler Room 6.
1394
01:22:07,297 --> 01:22:10,216
And I think, as we argued it,
1395
01:22:10,217 --> 01:22:13,139
there was some possibility that,
that might've worked.
1396
01:22:13,140 --> 01:22:15,727
So our model indicates that if you just
1397
01:22:15,728 --> 01:22:18,521
lower the permeability in the holds
and forward spaces enough,
1398
01:22:19,017 --> 01:22:21,858
that you would reach equilibrium
and you would never go down,
1399
01:22:21,859 --> 01:22:24,319
or it would take
hours and hours and hours and hours.
1400
01:22:24,320 --> 01:22:27,737
- So how do you...
- So take all the life-jackets on board,
1401
01:22:27,738 --> 01:22:28,823
just all of them,
1402
01:22:28,824 --> 01:22:30,865
and shove them down
in those four compartments.
1403
01:22:30,866 --> 01:22:32,784
You would lower the permeabilities
really low.
1404
01:22:32,785 --> 01:22:34,909
- That's pretty scary.
- Like a ping-pong ball?
1405
01:22:34,910 --> 01:22:36,497
- Yeah.
- That's pretty scary.
1406
01:22:36,498 --> 01:22:40,037
But all you got to do is
reduce 20% of that total volume.
1407
01:22:40,038 --> 01:22:42,382
- I mean, that's a lot of volume, but...
- How do you get them in?
1408
01:22:42,383 --> 01:22:44,797
Because you try to push them down,
they keep popping up.
1409
01:22:44,798 --> 01:22:47,837
You put them in before the flooding.
1410
01:22:47,838 --> 01:22:50,009
- I like that.
- That is really cinematic.
1411
01:22:50,010 --> 01:22:53,430
The risk of taking the life-jackets
off of all the passengers,
1412
01:22:53,431 --> 01:22:55,517
saying, "We're going to do this instead."
1413
01:22:55,518 --> 01:22:58,890
Well, they can live, or they can die
in the water wearing life-jackets.
1414
01:22:58,891 --> 01:22:59,932
Yeah.
1415
01:22:59,933 --> 01:23:03,563
Now take away every life-jacket from
every man, woman, and child on the ship,
1416
01:23:03,564 --> 01:23:05,656
and put them all into one room.
1417
01:23:06,690 --> 01:23:11,116
That might be piling your chips
on one long shot.
1418
01:23:12,404 --> 01:23:14,782
Now based on
what we've learned in this room,
1419
01:23:14,783 --> 01:23:17,578
what did we get wrong
in depicting the tragedy
1420
01:23:17,579 --> 01:23:18,793
in the feature film?
1421
01:23:24,750 --> 01:23:28,345
All right boys. Like the Captain said,
nice and cheery, so there's no panic.
1422
01:23:29,588 --> 01:23:31,090
"Wedding Dance."
1423
01:23:33,634 --> 01:23:36,262
We never really took much of a beating
for what we showed in the movie.
1424
01:23:36,263 --> 01:23:39,352
There were people
that disagreed with certain aspects of it
1425
01:23:39,353 --> 01:23:42,818
because they had their own
preconceptions of what it was like.
1426
01:23:44,269 --> 01:23:45,771
Stop!
1427
01:23:47,105 --> 01:23:48,231
Hold the left side!
1428
01:23:48,232 --> 01:23:52,328
It was generally, broadly
well-accepted in the Titanic community.
1429
01:23:52,653 --> 01:23:55,827
I think it's really more that
we're just hard on ourselves.
1430
01:23:56,323 --> 01:23:59,998
Based on what we know now,
what did we screw up in the movie?
1431
01:24:00,619 --> 01:24:03,293
We didn't screw it up. We were basing it
on what we knew at the time.
1432
01:24:03,294 --> 01:24:04,330
Exactly.
1433
01:24:04,331 --> 01:24:08,379
So, I think, of course, Ken could
give us a list about 100 things long.
1434
01:24:08,380 --> 01:24:10,592
Are we just really nitpicking
over physical things
1435
01:24:10,593 --> 01:24:12,713
that we would do different
with your sinking?
1436
01:24:12,714 --> 01:24:15,216
What you would consider nitpicking
and what I would consider nitpicking
1437
01:24:15,217 --> 01:24:16,300
are two different things.
1438
01:24:16,301 --> 01:24:19,098
- Your broad strokes are my nitpicks.
- No, I'm talking about the sinking.
1439
01:24:19,099 --> 01:24:20,723
- The way you depicted the sinking.
- Yeah.
1440
01:24:20,724 --> 01:24:24,270
- There is a mistake. There was a...
- The broad strokes are very accurate.
1441
01:24:24,271 --> 01:24:27,234
At one point during the sinking,
there was a clear list where
1442
01:24:27,235 --> 01:24:31,826
lifeboats were really scraping the side
and they were trying to push with oars
1443
01:24:31,827 --> 01:24:33,985
to even lower the boats,
1444
01:24:33,986 --> 01:24:35,907
and that isn't depicted in the movie.
1445
01:24:35,908 --> 01:24:39,534
So that's something that could be changed,
if it were ever to be done.
1446
01:24:39,535 --> 01:24:46,414
The next time I build a 1.5 million pound
set and lower it four stories into a tank,
1447
01:24:46,415 --> 01:24:48,338
I'll make sure I get that list on there.
1448
01:24:50,544 --> 01:24:54,797
Boat 11, which is caught
with the condenser discharge,
1449
01:24:54,798 --> 01:24:59,552
is trying to row away while
13 is coming down almost on top of it,
1450
01:24:59,553 --> 01:25:00,928
right behind that.
1451
01:25:00,929 --> 01:25:03,773
And just about the time
that 13 hits the water,
1452
01:25:03,774 --> 01:25:06,601
15 will be coming down on top of that.
1453
01:25:06,602 --> 01:25:10,771
And the wash from that discharge
washes 13 aft,
1454
01:25:10,772 --> 01:25:12,690
right underneath 15
1455
01:25:12,691 --> 01:25:15,490
to the place where the passengers
can reach up and touch the bottom
1456
01:25:15,491 --> 01:25:17,278
of that 15 coming down.
1457
01:25:17,279 --> 01:25:19,748
And they were panicked.
They didn't know if they could hear them.
1458
01:25:19,749 --> 01:25:23,494
But, fortunately, they were able to
release the falls on 13 just in time
1459
01:25:23,495 --> 01:25:24,582
to row out of the way.
1460
01:25:24,583 --> 01:25:28,420
And then 15 came down right
where 13 had been just moments before.
1461
01:25:28,421 --> 01:25:29,712
Can you hear me, Jim?
1462
01:25:29,958 --> 01:25:32,630
They should be able to stand up
and touch the bottom,
1463
01:25:32,631 --> 01:25:35,051
and it shouldn't be
really much lower than that.
1464
01:25:36,214 --> 01:25:39,218
Thanks for your opinion.
Now I'm going to make it exciting.
1465
01:25:39,219 --> 01:25:42,808
What I told various interviewers
during the marketing of the film was,
1466
01:25:42,809 --> 01:25:46,270
"I want this movie to be
like you went back in a time machine
1467
01:25:46,271 --> 01:25:48,267
"and you actually were
there for the sinking.
1468
01:25:48,268 --> 01:25:49,894
"That's how accurate I want it to be."
1469
01:25:49,895 --> 01:25:52,114
Now that didn't prove to be possible.
1470
01:25:52,397 --> 01:25:55,401
What about the colors of the rockets?
1471
01:26:03,408 --> 01:26:05,785
We talked about that at the time
and there was...
1472
01:26:05,786 --> 01:26:07,286
The consensus was they were white.
1473
01:26:07,287 --> 01:26:08,459
Well, no. It wasn't the consensus.
1474
01:26:08,460 --> 01:26:10,706
It was because
nobody would've believed you
1475
01:26:10,707 --> 01:26:13,084
if you'd had them burst into colored balls.
That's my memory.
1476
01:26:13,085 --> 01:26:14,210
Do you think they were colored?
1477
01:26:14,211 --> 01:26:16,758
'Cause you asked me about...
We know they were now.
1478
01:26:16,759 --> 01:26:18,839
- They were white.
- We had enough...
1479
01:26:18,840 --> 01:26:20,260
- He says they weren't white.
- They went up white,
1480
01:26:20,261 --> 01:26:22,181
- and they burst into colored balls.
- Yeah, they were white.
1481
01:26:22,182 --> 01:26:23,260
- All of them.
- No.
1482
01:26:23,261 --> 01:26:24,478
They went up white
and burst into colored balls.
1483
01:26:24,479 --> 01:26:25,554
Yup.
1484
01:26:25,555 --> 01:26:26,852
Well, no, it wasn't the consensus,
1485
01:26:26,853 --> 01:26:29,517
it was because
nobody would've believed you.
1486
01:26:29,518 --> 01:26:32,488
The only people who said they burst out
into white balls were the officers.
1487
01:26:32,489 --> 01:26:34,402
Can we put Parks' monitor up, please?
1488
01:26:34,940 --> 01:26:37,944
'Cause this is something
we did not know then that I now know.
1489
01:26:38,485 --> 01:26:41,659
- 2004, we found a box of rocket detonators.
- Right.
1490
01:26:41,660 --> 01:26:45,324
And the interesting thing about this is,
1491
01:26:45,325 --> 01:26:49,704
there was a hole
behind the brass cone of the detonator
1492
01:26:49,705 --> 01:26:51,544
that was cut out to let you see
1493
01:26:51,545 --> 01:26:55,795
the color of the balls that would
come out of this white burst.
1494
01:26:55,796 --> 01:27:00,846
This is definitely bluer and greener,
and this is definitely warmer, redder.
1495
01:27:01,466 --> 01:27:02,800
Obviously white.
1496
01:27:02,801 --> 01:27:04,427
What a discovery.
1497
01:27:04,428 --> 01:27:05,928
That's pretty cool.
1498
01:27:05,929 --> 01:27:07,772
I wish we'd had that
when we were making the movie.
1499
01:27:07,773 --> 01:27:09,353
We would've made it look right.
1500
01:27:09,354 --> 01:27:13,229
And so, apparently they were sending up
rockets that did burst into colored balls,
1501
01:27:13,230 --> 01:27:14,478
the way people remembered.
1502
01:27:14,479 --> 01:27:16,026
He's got to go back and change everything
1503
01:27:16,027 --> 01:27:17,611
he's ever written about the rockets,
1504
01:27:17,612 --> 01:27:20,531
Ken's got to go back and
redo every painting he's ever done,
1505
01:27:20,532 --> 01:27:23,863
and Pd have to go back and redo the movie
1506
01:27:23,864 --> 01:27:26,743
and change the colors of
some of the rockets at least.
1507
01:27:26,744 --> 01:27:30,083
Of course what we all cling to is,
at least some of them were white.
1508
01:27:30,084 --> 01:27:34,001
Well, how about the fact that
all of your paintings and the movie
1509
01:27:34,002 --> 01:27:36,671
show the elevation of the stern
significantly higher than
1510
01:27:36,672 --> 01:27:39,171
what we now know from this simulation.
1511
01:27:39,504 --> 01:27:41,347
We now know
the angle of the ship's too high.
1512
01:27:41,348 --> 01:27:43,137
It's dramatic. You know, it looks cool.
1513
01:27:46,595 --> 01:27:50,224
So it's not like there was this equipoise,
this moment of it just sitting there.
1514
01:27:50,225 --> 01:27:54,854
Even though we protracted it in the film,
and that's the romanticized image of it.
1515
01:27:54,855 --> 01:27:59,565
In fact, it would've just accelerated
through that angle
1516
01:27:59,566 --> 01:28:01,034
until it finally did that.
1517
01:28:01,193 --> 01:28:04,528
It's not vastly different
than what we've showed,
1518
01:28:04,529 --> 01:28:06,368
just a little less dramatic.
1519
01:28:06,369 --> 01:28:10,456
And I think that we're constantly trying to
take into consideration
1520
01:28:10,457 --> 01:28:13,831
what eyewitnesses saw
and how dramatic it was to them,
1521
01:28:13,832 --> 01:28:16,207
how it felt to them, and how they might've
1522
01:28:16,208 --> 01:28:19,048
slightly exaggerated things later,
in the telling of the story,
1523
01:28:19,049 --> 01:28:20,887
as almost everyone would do.
1524
01:28:22,881 --> 01:28:25,179
Bloody pull faster! And pull!
1525
01:28:26,551 --> 01:28:28,390
But we weren't wrong in broad strokes.
1526
01:28:28,391 --> 01:28:30,730
The ship broke at the surface.
We know that.
1527
01:28:39,773 --> 01:28:42,117
The bow plunged vertically. We know that.
1528
01:28:43,401 --> 01:28:45,574
The stern hung around for a while.
We know that.
1529
01:28:48,990 --> 01:28:51,951
So the movie was true in its broad strokes.
1530
01:28:51,952 --> 01:28:57,581
So I didn't feel after the film
that I had a lot to defend.
1531
01:28:57,582 --> 01:29:00,085
I felt like we had done good work
at the time.
1532
01:29:00,669 --> 01:29:01,882
But it was limited.
1533
01:29:01,883 --> 01:29:04,713
There was still so much more
that the wreck site could teach us,
1534
01:29:04,714 --> 01:29:06,512
which is why I personally
went back out there
1535
01:29:06,513 --> 01:29:09,261
on two successive expeditions.
1536
01:29:10,428 --> 01:29:12,668
My decision has been to
not change anything in the movie.
1537
01:29:13,974 --> 01:29:16,944
Because once you start that process,
where do you stop?
1538
01:29:18,270 --> 01:29:21,442
And the things that are wrong
are things that would only bother
1539
01:29:21,443 --> 01:29:22,941
eight people in the world.
1540
01:29:23,441 --> 01:29:26,365
Myself being one of them,
but I can live with it.
1541
01:29:27,279 --> 01:29:29,122
Even though I'm not going to
change the movie,
1542
01:29:29,123 --> 01:29:31,913
I do get to redo
the animation of the sinking.
1543
01:29:32,450 --> 01:29:33,826
It's going to be very cool.
1544
01:29:33,827 --> 01:29:37,582
The most accurate depiction ever
of what happened that night,
1545
01:29:37,583 --> 01:29:39,208
100 years ago.
1546
01:29:42,627 --> 01:29:43,799
We've beat it up.
1547
01:29:44,921 --> 01:29:46,173
We've disagreed.
1548
01:29:48,884 --> 01:29:51,137
But we've found a lot of consensus.
1549
01:29:51,469 --> 01:29:54,313
We've advanced our knowledge
of Titanic's final moments,
1550
01:29:54,806 --> 01:29:58,397
and have plugged what we've learned
into an updated visual record.
1551
01:29:58,398 --> 01:30:01,112
The final word on the
disaster in animation.
1552
01:30:03,440 --> 01:30:05,613
So this is the last thing l...
1553
01:30:06,860 --> 01:30:08,077
As Quicktime, as you had...
1554
01:30:08,078 --> 01:30:12,823
Now did you notice that,
in Stettler's paper, he said that
1555
01:30:12,824 --> 01:30:16,327
the final trim angle before the break
was 23 degrees, not 19?
1556
01:30:16,328 --> 01:30:17,494
Yes.
1557
01:30:17,495 --> 01:30:21,341
Since the conclusion of our investigation,
Commander Stettler revised his results
1558
01:30:21,342 --> 01:30:24,627
and published 23 degrees
maximum angle of tilt.
1559
01:30:24,628 --> 01:30:29,179
You know, if our two-and-a-half year
engineering study shows 23 degrees,
1560
01:30:29,180 --> 01:30:31,258
we should show 23 degrees.
1561
01:30:31,259 --> 01:30:32,468
Okay, there.
1562
01:30:32,469 --> 01:30:34,845
That's the number that
he settled on, right?
1563
01:30:34,846 --> 01:30:36,847
It's two degrees off right now.
That's an easy fix.
1564
01:30:36,848 --> 01:30:39,692
You know, we've been arguing
over the number of degrees
1565
01:30:39,693 --> 01:30:41,602
for about 15 years now.
1566
01:30:41,603 --> 01:30:42,900
Let's make it 23 degrees.
1567
01:30:42,901 --> 01:30:45,356
Oh, absolutely. I'm happy to do it.
1568
01:30:45,357 --> 01:30:46,859
All right. Let's put this to bed.
1569
01:30:46,860 --> 01:30:47,860
There we go.
1570
01:30:49,486 --> 01:30:53,616
All right. That looks good.
The ship's veering to port at 22 knots.
1571
01:30:54,324 --> 01:30:56,200
Sideswipes the iceberg.
1572
01:30:56,201 --> 01:31:00,293
Murdoch ports around the iceberg,
trying to keep from hitting the propellers.
1573
01:31:00,294 --> 01:31:01,505
That looks pretty good.
1574
01:31:03,667 --> 01:31:06,464
Okay, so now we're watching
in accelerated time.
1575
01:31:06,465 --> 01:31:10,637
We see the first five compartments flood.
They equalize pretty quickly.
1576
01:31:10,638 --> 01:31:11,975
Bow is pulled down.
1577
01:31:15,637 --> 01:31:17,179
We see the port list.
1578
01:31:17,180 --> 01:31:19,682
Port list looks right.
That looks like about nine degrees.
1579
01:31:19,683 --> 01:31:24,029
Oh, you can really see the effect
of that list on the flooding.
1580
01:31:32,070 --> 01:31:34,949
So, yeah, superstructure
starts to get pulled under.
1581
01:31:42,580 --> 01:31:44,253
Funnels collapse at their base.
1582
01:31:46,918 --> 01:31:50,548
Now the bow is accelerating downward.
That looks good.
1583
01:31:50,549 --> 01:31:52,843
We're starting to see the stern come up.
1584
01:31:52,844 --> 01:31:55,811
We got our maximum peak stress,
and yeah, boom!
1585
01:31:55,812 --> 01:31:56,969
It breaks.
1586
01:31:56,970 --> 01:31:59,519
Okay, bow swinging down...
That looks good.
1587
01:31:59,973 --> 01:32:01,691
The double keel hang on,
1588
01:32:02,726 --> 01:32:04,143
then they separate.
1589
01:32:04,144 --> 01:32:06,103
Bow plunges straight down.
1590
01:32:06,104 --> 01:32:08,194
All right, we got mast snapping back,
1591
01:32:08,195 --> 01:32:11,443
the funnels are ripping backwards,
pulling off all the davits.
1592
01:32:13,028 --> 01:32:15,156
Bow is going down like a torpedo.
1593
01:32:15,157 --> 01:32:18,703
Here's the angle when it falls through
into a stable position.
1594
01:32:18,704 --> 01:32:19,826
Let's see the stern.
1595
01:32:21,619 --> 01:32:24,288
Keeling way over to port. That looks right.
1596
01:32:24,289 --> 01:32:25,630
And she goes... Yup, that is right.
1597
01:32:25,631 --> 01:32:28,217
She goes almost vertical
just when she goes under, and then, boom!
1598
01:32:28,218 --> 01:32:29,256
Implodes.
1599
01:32:29,878 --> 01:32:32,882
Now she accelerates,
and all the stuff starts to rip off.
1600
01:32:33,465 --> 01:32:36,137
See the shell plating going.
There goes the double bottom.
1601
01:32:36,138 --> 01:32:38,011
Double bottom frisbeeing off.
1602
01:32:38,970 --> 01:32:40,768
And the Stern's falling through.
1603
01:32:41,848 --> 01:32:44,943
So now the stern's falling aft-end down.
1604
01:32:45,977 --> 01:32:48,150
And we see the spiraling.
1605
01:32:50,065 --> 01:32:51,153
Here comes the bow.
1606
01:32:51,154 --> 01:32:54,494
Bow is falling in its stable position,
and it hits...
1607
01:32:54,495 --> 01:32:55,527
Yeah, boom!
1608
01:32:55,528 --> 01:32:56,904
It kind of breaks its back.
1609
01:32:56,905 --> 01:32:59,658
And we see the hydraulic outburst
and the down blast effect.
1610
01:32:59,659 --> 01:33:00,954
Let's see the stern.
1611
01:33:02,494 --> 01:33:06,670
Oh, you see the shell plating blowing off,
decks, everything kind of settling around it.
1612
01:33:08,166 --> 01:33:10,168
Looks like a big airplane crash site.
1613
01:33:13,421 --> 01:33:15,139
That's exactly what we're looking for.
1614
01:33:19,511 --> 01:33:20,512
And action!
1615
01:33:21,179 --> 01:33:23,728
I've been working on Titanic
for nearly 20 years.
1616
01:33:26,226 --> 01:33:29,776
I've planned this investigation
to be my final word.
1617
01:33:30,605 --> 01:33:34,735
It's time for me to pass the baton
and move on to some new challenges,
1618
01:33:36,027 --> 01:33:38,654
but I'll never stop thinking about Titanic.
1619
01:33:38,655 --> 01:33:43,035
For me, it's so much more than
simply an exercise in forensic archeology.
1620
01:33:48,915 --> 01:33:54,044
Part of the Thank; parable is of arrogance,
of hubris,
1621
01:33:54,045 --> 01:33:57,174
of the sense that we're too big to fail.
1622
01:33:58,716 --> 01:34:00,356
Well, where have
we heard that one before?
1623
01:34:04,889 --> 01:34:06,974
There was this big machine,
1624
01:34:06,975 --> 01:34:10,817
this human system that was
pushing forward with so much momentum
1625
01:34:10,818 --> 01:34:14,439
that it couldn't turn, it couldn't
stop in time to avert a disaster.
1626
01:34:14,440 --> 01:34:15,800
And that's what we have right now.
1627
01:34:20,071 --> 01:34:22,950
Within that human system
on board that ship,
1628
01:34:22,951 --> 01:34:25,452
if you want to make it
a microcosm for the world,
1629
01:34:25,453 --> 01:34:27,578
you have different classes.
1630
01:34:27,579 --> 01:34:30,126
You've got first class, second class,
third class.
1631
01:34:30,127 --> 01:34:31,837
Well, in our world right now,
1632
01:34:31,838 --> 01:34:34,382
you've got developed nations
and undeveloped nations.
1633
01:34:34,383 --> 01:34:36,795
You've got the starving millions
1634
01:34:36,796 --> 01:34:40,382
who are going to be the ones most affected
by the next iceberg that we hit,
1635
01:34:40,383 --> 01:34:41,823
which is going to be climate change.
1636
01:34:42,343 --> 01:34:44,437
We can see that iceberg
ahead of us right now,
1637
01:34:44,438 --> 01:34:45,762
but we can't turn.
1638
01:34:45,763 --> 01:34:48,607
We can't turn
because of the momentum of the system.
1639
01:34:48,608 --> 01:34:51,226
Political momentum, business momentum.
1640
01:34:51,227 --> 01:34:53,776
There are too many people
making money out of the system
1641
01:34:53,777 --> 01:34:56,231
the way the system works right now.
1642
01:34:56,232 --> 01:34:59,780
And those people, frankly,
have their hands on the levers of power
1643
01:34:59,781 --> 01:35:01,279
and aren't ready to let them go.
1644
01:35:01,696 --> 01:35:04,618
Until they do, we're not going to be
able to turn and miss that iceberg,
1645
01:35:04,619 --> 01:35:06,118
and we're going to hit it.
1646
01:35:06,119 --> 01:35:07,576
When we hit it,
1647
01:35:07,577 --> 01:35:10,292
the rich are still going to be
able to get their access
1648
01:35:10,293 --> 01:35:12,378
to food, to arable land,
to water, and so on.
1649
01:35:12,379 --> 01:35:13,457
It's going to be the poor,
1650
01:35:13,458 --> 01:35:15,381
it's going to be the steerage
that are going to be impacted.
1651
01:35:15,382 --> 01:35:16,878
And it was the same with Titanic.
1652
01:35:18,379 --> 01:35:22,384
And I think that's why this story
will always fascinate people,
1653
01:35:22,385 --> 01:35:28,805
because it is a perfect, little encapsulation
of the world and all social spectra.
1654
01:35:28,806 --> 01:35:33,602
But until our lives are really put at risk,
the moment of truth,
1655
01:35:33,603 --> 01:35:36,106
we don't know what we would do.
1656
01:35:37,315 --> 01:35:38,783
And that's my final word.
151779
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