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Welcome to "Unsolved History."
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX
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On the doorstep of MLK 50,
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we are taking a look back at the
deaths
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00:00:12,733 --> 00:00:14,566
of Martin Luther King Jr.
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00:00:14,600 --> 00:00:17,733
and his brother Alfred Daniel
King.
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00:00:17,766 --> 00:00:20,133
While the life of Dr.
Martin Luther King Jr.
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00:00:20,166 --> 00:00:21,600
is well documented,
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00:00:21,633 --> 00:00:23,966
a spiritual leader and public
negotiator
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00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:26,700
for the 1960s civil rights
movement,
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00:00:26,733 --> 00:00:29,833
little is known about his
brother AD King,
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00:00:29,866 --> 00:00:32,100
who apparently, depressed with
grief,
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00:00:32,133 --> 00:00:36,433
drank himself to death and
drowned in his own swimming
pool,
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00:00:36,466 --> 00:00:40,033
or at least that's the
story we've come to know.
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00:00:40,066 --> 00:00:44,266
Was his death an accident
or murder? I'm Ed Gordon.
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00:00:44,300 --> 00:00:46,666
We'll tackle that question on
this edition
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00:00:46,700 --> 00:00:49,733
of "Unsolved History: Life of a
King."
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00:01:16,500 --> 00:01:18,666
On January 6th, 2018,
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00:01:18,700 --> 00:01:20,466
the family gathered for the
burial
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00:01:20,500 --> 00:01:22,633
of Isaac Newton Farris Sr.,
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00:01:23,700 --> 00:01:25,533
founding member of the King
Center
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00:01:25,566 --> 00:01:28,066
and the brother-in-law
of Martin Luther King Jr.
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00:01:28,100 --> 00:01:29,766
and Alfred Daniel King.
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00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:36,933
My mother's generation
in her family was robbed.
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00:01:38,533 --> 00:01:43,533
You all know 1968, Uncle
ML's assassination.
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00:01:45,300 --> 00:01:49,966
One year later, not as well
known, her other brother,
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00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:57,700
Uncle AD, was taken from us,
and he was taken from us.
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00:02:00,300 --> 00:02:03,833
We don't talk about it much,
but he was taken from us.
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00:02:06,366 --> 00:02:08,066
Moments Following the
funeral,
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00:02:08,100 --> 00:02:11,566
we were able to sit down
with AD's oldest daughter,
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00:02:11,600 --> 00:02:15,266
Alveda King, who is still
haunted by her father's death.
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00:02:15,300 --> 00:02:18,766
So we kind of expected that
they could go at any time,
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00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:21,666
and I believe Daddy
and Uncle ML knew that.
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00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:27,400
Like anybody, I would
like to live a long life.
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00:02:27,433 --> 00:02:30,500
Longevity has its place,
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00:02:31,766 --> 00:02:34,200
but I'm not concerned about that
now.
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00:02:35,633 --> 00:02:38,200
I just wanna do God's will.
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00:02:39,533 --> 00:02:42,166
And he's allowed me to
go up to the mountain,
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00:02:43,500 --> 00:02:48,500
and I've looked over, and
I've seen the Promised Land.
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00:02:51,166 --> 00:02:52,833
I may not get there with you,
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00:02:53,866 --> 00:02:55,700
but I want you to know the night
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00:02:57,033 --> 00:03:00,833
that we as will get to the
Promised Land!
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00:03:02,433 --> 00:03:07,100
In 2018 and moving forward
into the next decades
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00:03:07,133 --> 00:03:11,633
and generations for the young
people, truth has to be told,
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00:03:11,666 --> 00:03:15,833
and as painful as truth can
be, when we have the answers,
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00:03:15,866 --> 00:03:18,233
then we know how to move
forward.
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00:03:19,200 --> 00:03:20,400
From a young age,
49
00:03:20,433 --> 00:03:23,100
the King brothers were groomed
for ministry and leadership
50
00:03:23,133 --> 00:03:26,066
by their father, Martin Luther
King Sr.,
51
00:03:26,100 --> 00:03:29,000
and their grandfather
Alfred Daniel Williams,
52
00:03:29,033 --> 00:03:30,700
who AD was named after.
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00:03:31,700 --> 00:03:34,766
Growing up, the two brothers
were always side by side,
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00:03:34,800 --> 00:03:38,700
even in Memphis on April 4th,
1968,
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00:03:38,733 --> 00:03:41,633
the day of Martin Luther
King Jr.'s assassination.
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00:03:42,766 --> 00:03:45,900
The last afternoon
before Dr. King was killed,
57
00:03:45,933 --> 00:03:50,733
he and AD were having a
fish luncheon together.
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00:03:50,766 --> 00:03:53,100
So we were all clowning
and playing around,
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00:03:53,133 --> 00:03:56,833
and it was one of the happiest
times in the movement for me
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00:03:56,866 --> 00:04:00,366
because they started
beating me up with a pillow,
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00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:05,400
and I made the mistake of
throwing the pillow back at 'em,
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00:04:05,900 --> 00:04:07,633
and then everybody just got the
pillows
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00:04:07,666 --> 00:04:11,833
and piled on top of me
in between the two beds
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00:04:11,866 --> 00:04:13,266
in the Lorraine Motel.
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00:04:14,233 --> 00:04:19,033
But it was just a fun time.
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00:04:19,066 --> 00:04:21,733
And then somebody knocked
on the door and said,
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00:04:21,766 --> 00:04:24,600
"You know, you all are due
for dinner at six o'clock,"
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00:04:24,633 --> 00:04:28,266
and Martin went upstairs
to put on his shirt
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00:04:28,300 --> 00:04:30,066
and tie to go to dinner,
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00:04:30,100 --> 00:04:34,366
and next thing we knew,
a shot was ringing out.
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00:04:36,033 --> 00:04:37,900
Reverend AD was
in the room directly
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00:04:37,933 --> 00:04:42,033
below Martin Luther King, Jr.
when the fatal shot went off.
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00:04:43,033 --> 00:04:46,433
My husband was there, right
there in Memphis, Tennessee,
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00:04:46,466 --> 00:04:50,300
right there right by his
side as he always was.
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00:04:50,333 --> 00:04:54,466
He was right there near
his side, and the next day,
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00:04:56,100 --> 00:04:58,800
you had all of these
figures was mentioned.
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00:04:58,833 --> 00:05:01,233
Everybody there was there but
him.
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00:05:01,266 --> 00:05:02,800
Now, why, you know?
79
00:05:04,233 --> 00:05:07,366
How could you overlook his
brother, his only brother?
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00:05:07,400 --> 00:05:10,066
How could you call everybody
else's name, everybody,
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00:05:10,100 --> 00:05:12,933
and overlook his only brother?
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00:05:12,966 --> 00:05:16,733
That is very painful to me,
and I would imagine this,
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00:05:16,766 --> 00:05:18,966
you know, was very painful for
him.
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00:05:21,900 --> 00:05:26,566
In the spring of 1965, at that
time,
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00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:30,033
at a meeting of the executive
board in Baltimore, Maryland,
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00:05:30,066 --> 00:05:34,966
Dr. King and the members of
the board unanimously agreed
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00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:37,966
that in the event of Dr. King's
death,
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00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:40,900
Dr. Abernathy would become the
president.
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00:05:40,933 --> 00:05:42,700
There was speculation
that AD
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00:05:42,733 --> 00:05:45,900
might become president of the
SCLC.
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00:05:45,933 --> 00:05:49,300
However, AD made no
attempts to assume the role,
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00:05:49,333 --> 00:05:51,633
instead focusing on finding the
truth
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00:05:51,666 --> 00:05:54,166
about the assassination of his
brother.
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00:05:54,200 --> 00:05:56,066
Have you gentleman
had any progress report
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00:05:56,100 --> 00:05:58,866
or any late information on
the search for the assassin?
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00:06:00,133 --> 00:06:03,666
No, nothing more than what
we have read in the papers.
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00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:07,433
AD was determined to get to
the bottom
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00:06:07,466 --> 00:06:09,000
of who killed his brother.
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00:06:09,033 --> 00:06:13,133
He knew more than perhaps
he should've known
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00:06:13,166 --> 00:06:15,866
about his brother's
death and was determined
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00:06:15,900 --> 00:06:19,066
to try to keep the issue alive,
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00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:22,600
and maybe he was simply too
close
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00:06:22,633 --> 00:06:24,633
to the target and he was too
much online.
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00:06:24,666 --> 00:06:27,166
July 21st, 1969,
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00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:29,533
Alfred Daniel King
would be discovered dead
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00:06:29,566 --> 00:06:31,200
in his own swimming pool.
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00:06:31,233 --> 00:06:34,600
His daughter Alveda remembers
seeing him the night before.
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00:06:34,633 --> 00:06:36,300
When I came home,
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00:06:36,333 --> 00:06:39,400
my young husband and I
had been out to dinner,
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00:06:39,433 --> 00:06:42,866
and we walked up on the
porch, and, at that time,
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00:06:42,900 --> 00:06:45,433
the windows were open,
the screens were there,
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00:06:45,466 --> 00:06:48,033
but the windows were up
to let the breeze in.
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00:06:48,066 --> 00:06:50,933
And I heard my father on
the phone, and he says,
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00:06:50,966 --> 00:06:54,700
"I don't care what you
say, you killed my brother,
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00:06:54,733 --> 00:06:58,166
and I'm not gonna rest
until that is proven."
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00:06:58,200 --> 00:06:59,833
So we went on into the house and
I said,
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00:06:59,866 --> 00:07:01,633
"Daddy, what was that?
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00:07:01,666 --> 00:07:02,833
Who was that?"
119
00:07:02,866 --> 00:07:06,833
"Oh baby, don't worry about
it. We'll talk again later."
120
00:07:06,866 --> 00:07:09,533
And that was the last
conversation I had with my dad.
121
00:07:10,966 --> 00:07:12,600
With Martin's assassination
122
00:07:12,633 --> 00:07:15,433
rocking the civil rights
movement to its core,
123
00:07:15,466 --> 00:07:18,600
many did not accept
the lone gunman theory,
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00:07:18,633 --> 00:07:22,166
and no one was more interested
in discovering the truth
125
00:07:22,200 --> 00:07:24,200
than Martin's brother AD.
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00:07:24,233 --> 00:07:27,566
Now, 50 years later, we
will reexamine the journey
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00:07:27,600 --> 00:07:32,166
of these two brothers and the
mysterious death of AD King.
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00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:34,233
Was it an unfortunate accident
129
00:07:34,266 --> 00:07:37,766
or a murder intended to obstruct
justice?
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00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:41,466
More "Unsolved History: Life
of a King" when we return.
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00:07:44,266 --> 00:07:46,100
He said, "They tried
to choke me to death
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00:07:46,133 --> 00:07:47,766
in that jail with my neck tie."
133
00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:49,433
I said, "Oh, ML," I said,
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00:07:49,466 --> 00:07:52,433
"I'm so glad that they did
not choke you to death,"
135
00:07:52,466 --> 00:07:55,466
I said, "because we'd have so
great loss."
136
00:08:02,500 --> 00:08:05,700
Welcome back to "Unsolved
History: Life of a King."
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00:08:05,733 --> 00:08:08,500
When we left our story, it was
1968,
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00:08:08,533 --> 00:08:10,633
just after Martin Luther King
Jr.
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00:08:10,666 --> 00:08:12,833
was assassinated in Memphis.
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00:08:12,866 --> 00:08:15,366
But what led to that
faithful moment started long
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00:08:15,400 --> 00:08:17,166
before the trip to Tennessee,
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00:08:17,200 --> 00:08:19,966
long before the nation knew the
King name.
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00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:23,266
Martin and Alfred were born
into a family with a legacy
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00:08:23,300 --> 00:08:27,033
of leadership in the
advancement of colored people.
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00:08:29,433 --> 00:08:32,033
January 15th, 1929,
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00:08:32,066 --> 00:08:35,466
Martin Luther King Jr. is
born in Atlanta, Georgia.
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00:08:35,500 --> 00:08:39,333
Just one year later, July 30th,
1930,
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00:08:39,366 --> 00:08:43,533
his brother Alfred Daniel
Williams King is born.
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00:08:43,566 --> 00:08:45,566
The two boys spent their early
years
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00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:50,300
in the now historic family
home at 501 Auburn Avenue
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00:08:50,333 --> 00:08:52,533
with their oldest sister,
Christine.
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00:08:52,566 --> 00:08:55,066
Well, we had the rather normal
childhood
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00:08:55,100 --> 00:08:57,400
like sisters and brothers.
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00:08:57,433 --> 00:09:01,533
We stayed together, played
together,
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00:09:01,566 --> 00:09:03,400
got into trouble together.
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00:09:04,866 --> 00:09:09,400
AD and I met in junior
high at David T. Howard.
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00:09:09,433 --> 00:09:13,166
He probably was recognized more.
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00:09:13,200 --> 00:09:15,833
His daddy was a very famous
minister,
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00:09:15,866 --> 00:09:17,066
you know, at that time.
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00:09:17,100 --> 00:09:20,333
We just do what, you know,
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00:09:20,366 --> 00:09:23,333
teenage kids would do at that
age.
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00:09:23,366 --> 00:09:26,600
Well, we used to like the
girl, used to run at the girl.
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00:09:28,633 --> 00:09:33,633
So we met at the YWCA party
when we was like 12 and 13.
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00:09:33,666 --> 00:09:37,633
Now I think it was 1947 when
my mom and I joined the church.
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00:09:37,666 --> 00:09:40,366
So at that time, we sort of, you
know,
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00:09:40,400 --> 00:09:43,500
developed a serious
relationship, and we became,
167
00:09:44,400 --> 00:09:47,500
you know, like serious
girlfriend and boyfriend.
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00:09:47,533 --> 00:09:49,600
February 25th, 1948,
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00:09:49,633 --> 00:09:53,066
Martin is ordained at
Ebenezer Baptist Church just
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00:09:53,100 --> 00:09:55,733
before graduating from Morehouse
College.
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00:09:56,833 --> 00:09:59,433
Meanwhile, AD, still attending
Morehouse,
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00:09:59,466 --> 00:10:02,666
discovers his longtime
girlfriend, Naomi Barber,
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00:10:02,700 --> 00:10:05,566
is pregnant with their first
child.
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00:10:06,500 --> 00:10:09,466
So we went and had a
talk with Daddy King.
175
00:10:09,500 --> 00:10:11,166
He said, "There will be no
abortion.
176
00:10:11,200 --> 00:10:12,500
There won't be none of that."
177
00:10:12,533 --> 00:10:13,966
He said, "I know you in school.
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00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:17,033
It is your first year in
college, and AD is in college,"
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00:10:17,066 --> 00:10:18,533
he said, "but it won't be none
of that."
180
00:10:18,566 --> 00:10:20,833
He said, "We gonna have this
baby."
181
00:10:20,866 --> 00:10:25,233
Naomi and AD would
marry on June 17th, 1950,
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00:10:25,266 --> 00:10:28,433
and their daughter was born
just seven months later,
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00:10:28,466 --> 00:10:32,566
the first of five children.
I was the oldest of five,
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00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:35,000
the first born in my generation,
185
00:10:35,033 --> 00:10:37,566
and so Daddy, he was a great
father.
186
00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:40,633
He was just a great dad
and very protective,
187
00:10:40,666 --> 00:10:44,466
a wonderful provider.
September 1st, 1954,
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00:10:44,500 --> 00:10:47,700
Martin Luther King Jr. and
Coretta Scott King marry
189
00:10:47,733 --> 00:10:50,133
and move to Montgomery, Alabama,
190
00:10:50,166 --> 00:10:54,600
just one year before the
historic Montgomery bus boycott.
191
00:10:54,633 --> 00:10:59,466
To me, it happened so fast
when the movement started.
192
00:10:59,500 --> 00:11:02,166
I can remember when it started
in '55.
193
00:11:03,800 --> 00:11:05,566
AD and the family visited
Martin
194
00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:08,533
after he was arrested in
Montgomery.
195
00:11:08,566 --> 00:11:11,566
And he said, "You know
what?" I said, "What?"
196
00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:12,633
You know what he said?
197
00:11:12,666 --> 00:11:15,200
"They tried to choke me to
death with my neck tie."
198
00:11:16,666 --> 00:11:18,366
I said, "What'd you say?"
199
00:11:18,400 --> 00:11:20,233
He said, "They tried to choke me
to death
200
00:11:20,266 --> 00:11:21,900
in that jail with my neck tie."
201
00:11:21,933 --> 00:11:23,566
I said, "Oh, ML," I said,
202
00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:26,566
"I'm so glad that they did
not choke you to death,"
203
00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:29,933
I said, "because we'd
have such a great loss.
204
00:11:29,966 --> 00:11:32,366
You know, I just don't even
wanna think about that."
205
00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:34,733
So I think, in that moment,
206
00:11:34,766 --> 00:11:38,200
that's when I begin to
have my first thoughts
207
00:11:38,233 --> 00:11:42,100
about civil rights
movement and where we go.
208
00:11:42,133 --> 00:11:45,066
In 1959, AD graduates
from Morehouse College
209
00:11:45,100 --> 00:11:48,533
and finally embraces the
ministry and the movement,
210
00:11:48,566 --> 00:11:51,166
even knowing the danger
involved.
211
00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:52,766
The student movement here in
Atlanta
212
00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:56,200
was well integrated with SCLC,
213
00:11:56,233 --> 00:11:58,300
probably more so than
anywhere else in the country.
214
00:11:58,333 --> 00:12:01,400
But AD was the lead of the
group, and there were five of
us.
215
00:12:01,433 --> 00:12:03,500
I think all everybody
was student except AD,
216
00:12:03,533 --> 00:12:05,333
but one of the rules, of course,
217
00:12:05,366 --> 00:12:08,666
is that you don't never
take any weapons with you.
218
00:12:08,700 --> 00:12:13,233
So when we were arrested, he
said, "Get rid of everything,"
219
00:12:13,266 --> 00:12:15,300
and I did not get rid of my
little knife
220
00:12:15,333 --> 00:12:17,233
that I used to sharpen pencils.
221
00:12:17,266 --> 00:12:20,000
So when we got to the
prison and they searched us
222
00:12:20,033 --> 00:12:22,100
and they found this
little knife, they said,
223
00:12:22,133 --> 00:12:24,800
"Okay, we gonna put you in the
hole."
224
00:12:24,833 --> 00:12:28,266
The hole was that place where
they put the worst prisoners,
225
00:12:28,300 --> 00:12:30,466
and it was AD, strangely enough,
226
00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:33,866
who had advised us not
to have anything on us.
227
00:12:33,900 --> 00:12:37,000
He's the one that really
pleaded with them not
228
00:12:37,033 --> 00:12:39,733
to put me in the hole, and
they listened and they didn't,
229
00:12:39,766 --> 00:12:42,100
so I ended up going in
with everybody else.
230
00:12:42,133 --> 00:12:44,866
So that was my first
memorable experience with AD.
231
00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:49,433
For years, AD worked
in his brother's shadow
232
00:12:49,466 --> 00:12:52,433
as an organizer and a detail
man.
233
00:12:52,466 --> 00:12:55,266
AD King had as much
commitment,
234
00:12:55,300 --> 00:12:57,866
maybe even more commitment
than his brother Martin.
235
00:12:58,766 --> 00:13:01,300
He was willing to work
with us on the committee.
236
00:13:01,333 --> 00:13:04,233
He was very actively involved.
He was at ITC at the time.
237
00:13:07,100 --> 00:13:12,100
He was on the first sit-in.
He was there on the committee.
238
00:13:13,833 --> 00:13:18,833
He participated, worked
hard, picketed, you name it.
239
00:13:19,433 --> 00:13:22,966
By 1963, AD was
living in Birmingham,
240
00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:26,133
pastoring the First Street
Baptist Church in Ensley,
241
00:13:26,166 --> 00:13:28,566
putting him center stage
for the biggest battle
242
00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:31,700
in the civil rights movement
thus far, Project C.
243
00:13:31,733 --> 00:13:35,566
He was one of about four
preachers that,
244
00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:37,500
along with Fred Shuttlesworth,
245
00:13:37,533 --> 00:13:39,733
invited us to come into
Birmingham.
246
00:13:41,333 --> 00:13:42,700
Out of 400 churches,
247
00:13:42,733 --> 00:13:45,733
there were only about 14
churches that would let us meet,
248
00:13:45,766 --> 00:13:48,133
and his church was one of them.
249
00:13:48,166 --> 00:13:52,233
Ensley also produced a lot
of the high school students
250
00:13:52,266 --> 00:13:56,766
that ended up creating the
movement that changed America.
251
00:13:59,633 --> 00:14:02,000
With Martin's previous
success in Montgomery
252
00:14:02,033 --> 00:14:05,366
with the bus boycott, joining
forces with his brother AD
253
00:14:05,400 --> 00:14:08,200
for Project C in Birmingham
could prove
254
00:14:08,233 --> 00:14:12,466
to be a powerful recipe
for a big national change,
255
00:14:12,500 --> 00:14:14,433
a change that much of the
country
256
00:14:14,466 --> 00:14:17,166
would not be prepared to face,
257
00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:19,500
turning the small city of
Birmingham
258
00:14:19,533 --> 00:14:22,700
to the crime-riddled town of
Bombingham.
259
00:14:22,733 --> 00:14:26,733
More "Unsolved History: Life
of a King" when we return.
260
00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:30,566
He said, "Naomi,
it's too quiet here.
261
00:14:30,600 --> 00:14:32,600
Something is not right."
262
00:14:32,633 --> 00:14:34,400
And he picked up and started
running through the house.
263
00:14:34,433 --> 00:14:36,233
"Get out, get out, it's a bomb."
264
00:14:36,266 --> 00:14:37,733
And when we looked back,
265
00:14:37,766 --> 00:14:40,500
the whole front of the house was
gone.
266
00:14:41,433 --> 00:14:44,533
Welcome back to "Unsolved
History: Life of a King."
267
00:14:44,566 --> 00:14:47,000
It's now spring of 1963.
268
00:14:47,033 --> 00:14:50,200
Martin and the leadership
of the SCLC knew a victory
269
00:14:50,233 --> 00:14:52,866
in Birmingham could
bring a much needed jolt
270
00:14:52,900 --> 00:14:54,766
for the civil rights movement.
271
00:14:54,800 --> 00:14:59,400
They would call the plan
Project C, C for confrontation.
272
00:15:00,533 --> 00:15:04,000
AD King, he was one of
about four preachers that,
273
00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:07,066
along with Fred Shuttlesworth,
274
00:15:07,100 --> 00:15:09,733
invited us to come into
Birmingham.
275
00:15:09,766 --> 00:15:13,100
He went to jail in
Birmingham with his brother.
276
00:15:14,966 --> 00:15:18,500
Seeing AD as one of the
leaders in the movement
277
00:15:18,533 --> 00:15:21,366
by being the brother of my
Luther King Jr.
278
00:15:21,400 --> 00:15:23,233
but really being his own.
279
00:15:26,866 --> 00:15:30,500
It would begin on April
3rd, 1963.
280
00:15:30,533 --> 00:15:32,400
It would build in waves.
281
00:15:32,433 --> 00:15:35,066
First a boycott of downtown
businesses,
282
00:15:35,100 --> 00:15:38,266
then waves of sit-ins at
white-only establishments
283
00:15:38,300 --> 00:15:40,933
to fill the jails, and finally,
284
00:15:40,966 --> 00:15:44,233
non-violent protest
marches on a daily basis.
285
00:15:44,266 --> 00:15:46,100
And it was AD's
members
286
00:15:46,133 --> 00:15:48,800
who basically came the
height of the movement there
287
00:15:48,833 --> 00:15:50,866
in Birmingham because he was
able
288
00:15:50,900 --> 00:15:52,433
to get there and give
leadership.
289
00:15:52,466 --> 00:15:53,866
It was great.
290
00:15:53,900 --> 00:15:56,400
I served here under him
as the finance chairman,
291
00:15:56,433 --> 00:15:58,433
and then I served as the youth
director.
292
00:15:58,466 --> 00:15:59,900
He would get me to stay in the
house
293
00:15:59,933 --> 00:16:02,400
inside while the others
guys guard the house,
294
00:16:02,433 --> 00:16:04,133
but that was in case
if something happened,
295
00:16:04,166 --> 00:16:06,533
I would be able to help
get them out, you know.
296
00:16:06,566 --> 00:16:09,266
My main role was
bonding people outta jail.
297
00:16:09,300 --> 00:16:13,766
I bonded as many over
50 people at one time.
298
00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:17,166
On April 12th,
1963, AD was arrested,
299
00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:20,033
along with his brother
and Ralph Abernathy.
300
00:16:21,500 --> 00:16:25,633
They was determined to get
the Kings out, I know that.
301
00:16:25,666 --> 00:16:29,733
Ensley also produced a lot
of the high school students
302
00:16:29,766 --> 00:16:34,466
that ended up creating the
movement that changed America,
303
00:16:34,500 --> 00:16:36,433
and that was AD's leadership.
304
00:16:39,700 --> 00:16:42,800
The police also
arrested over 600 young people,
305
00:16:42,833 --> 00:16:45,966
but 1,500 more stood in the
shadows,
306
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,033
ready to march the next day.
307
00:16:48,066 --> 00:16:51,000
With the jails filled
and the economy hurting,
308
00:16:51,033 --> 00:16:53,600
Police Chief Bull Connor
used excessive force
309
00:16:53,633 --> 00:16:55,100
to clear the streets.
310
00:16:55,133 --> 00:16:56,333
♪ The only one come
311
00:16:56,366 --> 00:16:58,000
♪ from just holdin' on
312
00:16:58,033 --> 00:17:00,433
♪ A bullet is on its way
313
00:17:00,466 --> 00:17:03,233
♪ And tell the whole world
that I'm comin' home ♪
314
00:17:03,266 --> 00:17:05,100
♪ Someone's gonna need a grave
315
00:17:05,133 --> 00:17:06,666
This would set the
perfect trap
316
00:17:06,700 --> 00:17:08,566
to bring the heavy-handed
reactions
317
00:17:08,600 --> 00:17:12,233
from police face to face
with the national media.
318
00:17:12,266 --> 00:17:15,000
With the United States
under the global spotlight,
319
00:17:15,033 --> 00:17:18,366
President John F. Kennedy
sends in federal negotiators
320
00:17:18,400 --> 00:17:20,966
on May 5th, 1963.
321
00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:22,633
Just five days later,
322
00:17:22,666 --> 00:17:26,133
Martin AD and Fred
Shuttlesworth sign a truce known
323
00:17:26,166 --> 00:17:28,700
as the Birmingham Truce
Agreement.
324
00:17:28,733 --> 00:17:31,100
In exchange for halting the
protests,
325
00:17:31,133 --> 00:17:34,466
white business owners promised
to desegregate their shops,
326
00:17:34,500 --> 00:17:37,133
lunch counters, and drinking
fountains.
327
00:17:37,166 --> 00:17:40,466
Food facilities, lunch
counters, and fitting rooms.
328
00:17:40,500 --> 00:17:41,666
But with this victory
329
00:17:41,700 --> 00:17:44,233
came immediate retaliation.
330
00:17:46,600 --> 00:17:49,533
May the 11th, 1963,
331
00:17:50,766 --> 00:17:54,966
my husband came up to
the front of the home,
332
00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:57,566
and he said to me, he said,
"Naomi, it is too quiet here.
333
00:17:57,600 --> 00:17:59,666
Something is not right."
334
00:18:01,300 --> 00:18:02,100
And he picked her up
335
00:18:02,133 --> 00:18:03,033
and started running through the
house.
336
00:18:03,066 --> 00:18:04,766
"Get out, get out, it's a bomb."
337
00:18:04,800 --> 00:18:06,733
My brother jumps up off the
couch,
338
00:18:06,766 --> 00:18:08,900
and the rest of us were in the
back.
339
00:18:09,833 --> 00:18:14,166
First explosion, the
concussion
knocked out the window.
340
00:18:15,100 --> 00:18:17,133
The concussion was so forceful.
341
00:18:17,166 --> 00:18:19,933
I saw my mom and dad fly by my
bedroom.
342
00:18:19,966 --> 00:18:23,033
The stuff they do on TV ain't
nothing like the real thing.
343
00:18:24,633 --> 00:18:26,966
And we get out of the house,
344
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,333
and then we run out through the
garage.
345
00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:34,366
And when we looked back,
there was a second bomb,
346
00:18:34,400 --> 00:18:37,333
and the whole front of the house
was gone.
347
00:18:39,500 --> 00:18:42,700
That night in the street,
the street, this whole street,
348
00:18:42,733 --> 00:18:44,900
all this area was full of
people,
349
00:18:44,933 --> 00:18:48,666
I mean, in every direction,
and they just came.
350
00:18:48,700 --> 00:18:50,133
I don't know if it flashed on
the news.
351
00:18:50,166 --> 00:18:52,766
I don't know how people found
out so fast.
352
00:18:52,800 --> 00:18:53,833
That same night,
353
00:18:53,866 --> 00:18:57,133
dynamite explosions had
ravished the Gaston Motel,
354
00:18:57,166 --> 00:18:58,700
a black-owned establishment
355
00:18:58,733 --> 00:19:01,033
where Martin Luther King
Jr. had been staying.
356
00:19:01,066 --> 00:19:05,000
Fortunately, he had already
left town and no one was hurt.
357
00:19:05,033 --> 00:19:09,033
There was a man by the
name of Roosevelt Tatum.
358
00:19:09,066 --> 00:19:12,800
He said that there was a
police car parked right
359
00:19:12,833 --> 00:19:15,066
in front of the home over here,
360
00:19:16,500 --> 00:19:21,600
and he said he saw him
toss the first bomb.
361
00:19:21,633 --> 00:19:24,566
And when we got to Avenue H,
362
00:19:24,600 --> 00:19:27,066
one policeman was standing in
the yard
363
00:19:27,100 --> 00:19:29,433
and where he went to
after then, I do not know
364
00:19:29,466 --> 00:19:31,066
when the people started yelling.
365
00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:35,033
And as people were driving
up and down the street,
366
00:19:35,900 --> 00:19:37,900
the people honestly for
a minute began to riot.
367
00:19:37,933 --> 00:19:40,900
They began to pick up stones and
debris
368
00:19:40,933 --> 00:19:42,400
and throw at the cars, and my
dad said,
369
00:19:42,433 --> 00:19:45,633
"We are not violent, do not
retaliate."
370
00:19:46,633 --> 00:19:48,533
May 12th, 1963,
371
00:19:48,566 --> 00:19:50,733
President Kennedy issued a
statement.
372
00:19:50,766 --> 00:19:53,100
Disturbed by the bombings in
Birmingham,
373
00:19:53,133 --> 00:19:57,266
he ordered 3,000 US troops to
encircle the small community
374
00:19:57,300 --> 00:19:59,033
to bring an end to the rioting
375
00:19:59,066 --> 00:20:02,366
and gain some semblance of
peace.
376
00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:04,800
With the battle lines clearly
drawn,
377
00:20:04,833 --> 00:20:07,266
taking the fight for
civil rights to Washington
378
00:20:07,300 --> 00:20:09,100
was the only option left.
379
00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:13,700
More "Unsolved History: Life
of a King" when we return.
380
00:20:16,933 --> 00:20:18,466
The integration of housing,
381
00:20:18,500 --> 00:20:21,900
people could go live where
they want, that was AD's baby,
382
00:20:21,933 --> 00:20:25,100
but Dr. King pulled all
of us into Louisville
383
00:20:25,133 --> 00:20:27,800
to help with that open occupancy
march.
384
00:20:33,766 --> 00:20:37,000
Welcome back to "Unsolved
History: Life of a King."
385
00:20:37,033 --> 00:20:38,466
While the country is dealing
386
00:20:38,500 --> 00:20:41,066
with the aftermath of Project C,
387
00:20:41,100 --> 00:20:43,733
images of young black
children being hosed down
388
00:20:43,766 --> 00:20:46,233
in Birmingham are
flooding the evening news
389
00:20:46,266 --> 00:20:47,733
and the morning papers.
390
00:20:47,766 --> 00:20:51,066
The civil rights movement
gains even more momentum,
391
00:20:51,100 --> 00:20:52,966
leading to the social,
political,
392
00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:56,666
and financial framework for
the March on Washington.
393
00:21:02,033 --> 00:21:05,466
Held on August 28th, 1963,
394
00:21:05,500 --> 00:21:08,933
organized by A. Philip
Randolph and Bayard Rustin.
395
00:21:08,966 --> 00:21:10,033
It sets the stage
396
00:21:10,066 --> 00:21:13,533
for Dr. Martin Luther
King's most famous speech.
397
00:21:13,566 --> 00:21:15,300
The speech would come to be
known
398
00:21:15,333 --> 00:21:17,466
as the "I Have a Dream" speech,
399
00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:20,733
a speech aimed at the
Emancipation Proclamation
400
00:21:20,766 --> 00:21:24,766
signed 100 years earlier in
1863.
401
00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:27,900
He called it, quote, "a bad
check written
402
00:21:27,933 --> 00:21:30,100
to America's black citizens."
403
00:21:31,200 --> 00:21:33,700
And I think this march will go
down
404
00:21:33,733 --> 00:21:36,600
as one of the greatest,
405
00:21:36,633 --> 00:21:39,433
if not the greatest
demonstrations,
406
00:21:39,466 --> 00:21:42,033
for freedom and human dignity
407
00:21:42,066 --> 00:21:45,366
ever held in the United States.
408
00:21:47,533 --> 00:21:50,033
Finally, less than one year
later,
409
00:21:50,066 --> 00:21:51,900
President John F. Kennedy
410
00:21:51,933 --> 00:21:54,800
and the nation's Congress
responded.
411
00:21:54,833 --> 00:21:57,066
Now the time has come from
this nation
412
00:21:57,100 --> 00:21:59,300
to fulfill its promise.
413
00:21:59,333 --> 00:22:01,933
The events in Birmingham and
elsewhere
414
00:22:01,966 --> 00:22:05,300
have so increased the cries for
equality
415
00:22:05,333 --> 00:22:09,100
that no city or state or
legislative body
416
00:22:09,133 --> 00:22:11,200
can prudently choose to ignore
them.
417
00:22:11,233 --> 00:22:12,366
Next week,
418
00:22:12,400 --> 00:22:14,833
I shall ask the Congress of
the United States to act.
419
00:22:14,866 --> 00:22:16,833
Before this proposed
legislation
420
00:22:16,866 --> 00:22:18,300
would be signed into law,
421
00:22:19,566 --> 00:22:22,400
President Kennedy was
assassinated.
422
00:22:22,433 --> 00:22:27,433
The greatest leader of our
time has been struck down
423
00:22:29,666 --> 00:22:33,933
by the foulest deed of our time.
424
00:22:33,966 --> 00:22:38,166
July 2nd, 1964, AD
was by his brother's side
425
00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:41,433
as newly sworn in President
Lyndon Baines Johnson
426
00:22:41,466 --> 00:22:44,400
signs the Civil rights bill
Keeping Kennedy's promise.
427
00:22:44,433 --> 00:22:47,666
We must not approach the
observance
428
00:22:47,700 --> 00:22:51,433
and enforcement of this
law in a vengeful spirit.
429
00:22:52,866 --> 00:22:54,900
Its purpose is not to punish.
430
00:22:56,333 --> 00:23:00,300
Its purpose is not to
divide but to end divisions,
431
00:23:01,333 --> 00:23:03,866
divisions which have lasted all
too long.
432
00:23:03,900 --> 00:23:07,266
1965, AD moves
his family to Louisville,
433
00:23:07,300 --> 00:23:10,466
Kentucky to pastor Zion Baptist
Church.
434
00:23:10,500 --> 00:23:13,933
In 1965, Reverend AD Williams
King,
435
00:23:13,966 --> 00:23:16,000
Dr. King Martin's brother,
436
00:23:16,033 --> 00:23:21,033
he called a meeting of black
preachers, and he invited me,
437
00:23:22,866 --> 00:23:27,266
and that's when he asked us to
organize,
438
00:23:27,300 --> 00:23:31,566
to join SCLC, Southern
Christian, Dr. King's group.
439
00:23:32,466 --> 00:23:34,066
The focus of the new
chapter
440
00:23:34,100 --> 00:23:37,500
of SCLC would be open housing.
441
00:23:37,533 --> 00:23:41,266
I know the housing
efforts that we have here
442
00:23:41,300 --> 00:23:44,333
in the country today, the
integration of housing,
443
00:23:44,366 --> 00:23:47,533
people could go live where
they want, that was AD's baby.
444
00:23:47,566 --> 00:23:48,933
After years of meeting
445
00:23:48,966 --> 00:23:51,200
and negotiating with city
leaders,
446
00:23:51,233 --> 00:23:54,066
AD and members of the
SCLC took to the streets,
447
00:23:54,100 --> 00:23:55,833
protesting day and night
448
00:23:55,866 --> 00:23:58,733
at government official homes and
offices.
449
00:23:58,766 --> 00:24:02,266
But AD started a movement
on open housing in Louisville,
450
00:24:02,300 --> 00:24:06,000
and that movement really
is what set up the Chicagos
451
00:24:06,033 --> 00:24:08,600
to do what they had to
do on the Philadelphias
452
00:24:08,633 --> 00:24:10,533
and the Clevelands.
453
00:24:10,566 --> 00:24:14,533
More "Unsolved History: Life
of a King" when we return.
454
00:24:22,466 --> 00:24:24,366
April 13th, 197,
455
00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:27,533
27 marchers were arrested
for ignoring a court order
456
00:24:27,566 --> 00:24:29,733
against demonstrating after
dark.
457
00:24:29,766 --> 00:24:30,833
In the scuffle,
458
00:24:30,866 --> 00:24:33,900
AD was hit in the eye
with a rock and beaten.
459
00:24:33,933 --> 00:24:38,933
We plan to return
tonight to the south end
460
00:24:40,566 --> 00:24:44,333
and continue our march
nonviolently.
461
00:24:44,366 --> 00:24:46,700
With the story
gaining national attention,
462
00:24:46,733 --> 00:24:48,600
Martin Luther King Jr. and
members
463
00:24:48,633 --> 00:24:51,933
of the SCLC shifted its
resources in support
464
00:24:51,966 --> 00:24:55,000
of the open housing movement in
Kentucky.
465
00:24:55,033 --> 00:24:59,533
Dr. King pulled all of
the staff outta Chicago.
466
00:24:59,566 --> 00:25:02,333
I was in Chicago working on in
the slums,
467
00:25:02,366 --> 00:25:04,633
open housing stuff in Chicago,
468
00:25:04,666 --> 00:25:07,833
but Dr. King pulled all
of us into Louisville
469
00:25:07,866 --> 00:25:11,133
to help with that open occupancy
march
470
00:25:11,166 --> 00:25:14,666
where we was able to get
people that AD had befriended,
471
00:25:14,700 --> 00:25:19,033
like Anne Braden and others
there in Louisville, Kentucky,
472
00:25:19,066 --> 00:25:22,200
whites who basically worked hand
in hand
473
00:25:22,233 --> 00:25:23,666
with us in the southern city.
474
00:25:24,533 --> 00:25:26,366
AD, being a master
strategist,
475
00:25:26,400 --> 00:25:27,966
just needed one big moment
476
00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:30,533
to push the open housing
issue over the top,
477
00:25:30,566 --> 00:25:33,133
and with the Kentucky
Derby fast approaching,
478
00:25:33,166 --> 00:25:36,266
they set their sights
on a major disruption.
479
00:25:36,300 --> 00:25:38,233
Dr. King,
did you come to Louisville
480
00:25:38,266 --> 00:25:40,666
to watch the horses run on
Saturday?
481
00:25:40,700 --> 00:25:42,633
Well, that has to be
determined.
482
00:25:42,666 --> 00:25:45,900
I have not had a chance,
as my brother just said,
483
00:25:45,933 --> 00:25:47,466
to meet with the leadership.
484
00:25:47,500 --> 00:25:49,266
After the Ku Klux Klan
promised
485
00:25:49,300 --> 00:25:52,833
to combat any disruption
of the derby with violence,
486
00:25:52,866 --> 00:25:55,433
the Pegasus Parade
traditionally held the day
487
00:25:55,466 --> 00:26:00,566
before the race was canceled
for the first time in 55 years.
488
00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:02,400
So you're going
ahead with plans for Saturday,
489
00:26:02,433 --> 00:26:03,533
is that right?
490
00:26:03,566 --> 00:26:05,900
This is not good enough to
have you cool things off?
491
00:26:05,933 --> 00:26:09,466
So we are continuing
as we have planned, yes.
492
00:26:11,133 --> 00:26:12,366
In other words,
493
00:26:12,400 --> 00:26:15,000
physically you would intend to
stop the running of the race.
494
00:26:15,933 --> 00:26:21,000
Well, I'm not at liberty to
reveal methods at this time.
495
00:26:21,033 --> 00:26:24,133
The next day with
the National Guard present,
496
00:26:24,166 --> 00:26:27,266
AD and the SCLC opted for
a smaller demonstration
497
00:26:27,300 --> 00:26:31,266
on the day of the derby that
did not disrupt the race.
498
00:26:31,300 --> 00:26:33,533
With the two sides at a
standoff,
499
00:26:33,566 --> 00:26:36,866
the only way forward
was through legislation.
500
00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:41,200
The most important
bill that year was time.
501
00:26:42,333 --> 00:26:45,400
Half the Senate was for
daylight savings time,
502
00:26:45,433 --> 00:26:48,033
and Tom was for daylight savings
time.
503
00:26:48,066 --> 00:26:52,333
The other half was for Central
Time, the rural legislators.
504
00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:57,433
He'd asked me, "How you
gonna vote on time?"
505
00:26:57,466 --> 00:27:00,300
"Tom, I don't care what time it
is."
506
00:27:01,266 --> 00:27:04,100
I said, "You take this roll call
sheet,
507
00:27:04,133 --> 00:27:07,000
and everybody you got committed
to vote
508
00:27:07,033 --> 00:27:08,800
for daylight savings time,
509
00:27:08,833 --> 00:27:10,900
you get 'em to vote for open
housing
510
00:27:10,933 --> 00:27:13,066
when it comes up for a vote."
511
00:27:13,100 --> 00:27:17,533
He said, "What?" I
said, "That's the deal."
512
00:27:18,633 --> 00:27:20,766
He snatched it, went off.
513
00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:22,233
About three hours later, he came
back.
514
00:27:22,266 --> 00:27:25,200
He said, "Here, here it is."
515
00:27:25,233 --> 00:27:28,533
I said, "Now I'm gonna vote
for daylight savings time."
516
00:27:28,566 --> 00:27:30,733
The passage of the
open housing ordinance
517
00:27:30,766 --> 00:27:34,400
in Kentucky sparked other
states to follow suit.
518
00:27:34,433 --> 00:27:39,200
Next, AD, Martin, and the SCLC
set their sights on labor.
519
00:27:39,233 --> 00:27:41,633
Soon they were invited to
Memphis
520
00:27:41,666 --> 00:27:45,733
to help sanitation
workers already on strike.
521
00:27:45,766 --> 00:27:48,700
He was, you know, with my
brother Martin
522
00:27:49,766 --> 00:27:54,766
in Memphis when that tragedy
took place.
523
00:27:54,966 --> 00:27:56,166
Martin Luther King Jr.
524
00:27:56,200 --> 00:27:59,200
was assassinated April 4th,
1968.
525
00:27:59,233 --> 00:28:01,366
He was only 39 years old.
526
00:28:01,400 --> 00:28:06,400
Certainly I am sad, saddened
by it, but on the other hand,
527
00:28:07,133 --> 00:28:10,700
I am very proud of what they did
528
00:28:10,733 --> 00:28:14,233
because they stood up for
what they believed in,
529
00:28:14,266 --> 00:28:16,600
regardless of the outcome.
530
00:28:16,633 --> 00:28:19,066
The nation reacted
quickly to the assassination
531
00:28:19,100 --> 00:28:22,466
of MLK and riots swept the
United States.
532
00:28:22,500 --> 00:28:24,066
As tension swelled,
533
00:28:24,100 --> 00:28:27,300
the newly sworn in
President Lyndon B. Johnson
534
00:28:27,333 --> 00:28:29,733
faced some perilous choices,
535
00:28:29,766 --> 00:28:31,966
as did Martin's brother AD King,
536
00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:36,200
and those choices may have
led him to his own demise.
537
00:28:36,233 --> 00:28:39,800
More "Unsolved History: Life
of a King" when we return.
538
00:28:41,300 --> 00:28:45,366
He knew more than
perhaps he should've known
539
00:28:45,400 --> 00:28:50,400
about his brother's death.
He knew what could be ahead,
540
00:28:51,100 --> 00:28:52,700
but it never made him stop.
541
00:28:59,333 --> 00:29:02,433
Welcome back to "Unsolved
History: Life of a King."
542
00:29:02,466 --> 00:29:05,566
After Martin's assassination
at the Lorraine Motel,
543
00:29:05,600 --> 00:29:07,933
there was a massive public
outcry,
544
00:29:07,966 --> 00:29:10,766
angry protests, tears, and
riots.
545
00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:13,800
The newly sworn in President LBJ
reacted
546
00:29:13,833 --> 00:29:18,000
to the black community by
exercising his political
capital,
547
00:29:18,033 --> 00:29:21,000
urging Congress to pass
the Fair Housing Act.
548
00:29:21,033 --> 00:29:23,000
I signed a message to the
Congress.
549
00:29:23,033 --> 00:29:27,366
That message called for
the enactment, and I quote,
550
00:29:27,400 --> 00:29:30,366
"of the first effective federal
law
551
00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:33,466
against discrimination in the
sale
552
00:29:33,500 --> 00:29:38,033
and the rental of housing in
the United States of America."
553
00:29:38,066 --> 00:29:40,100
If civil rights and voting
rights
554
00:29:40,133 --> 00:29:42,066
were Martin Luther King's
legacy,
555
00:29:42,100 --> 00:29:46,566
housing rights would be the
legacy of Alfred Daniel King.
556
00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:49,333
Apparent victory for
the Civil rights movement
557
00:29:49,366 --> 00:29:52,300
while Martin's killer still
roamed free.
558
00:29:54,166 --> 00:29:57,566
June 8th, 1968, James Earl Rey
is captured
559
00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:00,566
in London after two months on
the run.
560
00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:04,000
How could James Earl Ray,
who was an itinerant crook,
561
00:30:04,033 --> 00:30:08,166
never had much money,
could arrange to kill King
562
00:30:09,766 --> 00:30:11,700
and then somehow or
another have the resources
563
00:30:11,733 --> 00:30:14,666
to get outta Memphis, get into
Canada,
564
00:30:14,700 --> 00:30:17,733
all the way over to
Britain without any money
565
00:30:17,766 --> 00:30:18,733
and help from anybody?
566
00:30:18,766 --> 00:30:20,200
I mean, how do you get out of
Memphis?
567
00:30:20,233 --> 00:30:22,200
It had to be a private plane
somewhere.
568
00:30:23,133 --> 00:30:26,066
AD was not accepting
of the lone gunman narrative
569
00:30:26,100 --> 00:30:27,500
in Martin's murder.
570
00:30:28,900 --> 00:30:33,433
Sensing a larger conspiracy
at hand, AD began to dig,
571
00:30:33,466 --> 00:30:37,700
and what he found may
have gotten him killed.
572
00:30:41,766 --> 00:30:44,366
AD was determined to get to
the bottom
573
00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:47,100
of who killed his brother, that
he, one,
574
00:30:47,133 --> 00:30:50,900
was unhappy what he had learned
about his brother's death.
575
00:30:50,933 --> 00:30:55,033
He knew more than perhaps
he should've known
576
00:30:55,066 --> 00:30:57,766
about his brother's
death and was determined
577
00:30:57,800 --> 00:31:00,700
to try to keep the issue alive.
578
00:31:00,733 --> 00:31:03,400
My father loved his brother,
579
00:31:03,433 --> 00:31:06,600
and he supported him fully in
everything.
580
00:31:06,633 --> 00:31:09,366
They did everything together,
581
00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:13,166
and so I believe that my father
knew, "I'm with my brother.
582
00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:17,766
We started this together
and it will end with us."
583
00:31:17,800 --> 00:31:18,700
Do you have any indication
584
00:31:18,733 --> 00:31:21,100
that you might take a more
active role
585
00:31:21,133 --> 00:31:23,433
in the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference
586
00:31:23,466 --> 00:31:25,600
since the death of MLK?
Well, definitely yes.
587
00:31:25,633 --> 00:31:27,766
Well, if both brothers look
alike,
588
00:31:27,800 --> 00:31:30,133
sound alike, have the same
message,
589
00:31:30,166 --> 00:31:33,000
if one is taken away, you
can't leave the other.
590
00:31:33,033 --> 00:31:34,666
That was exactly what happened
591
00:31:34,700 --> 00:31:37,866
with President John
Kennedy and Bobby Kennedy,
592
00:31:37,900 --> 00:31:42,900
and he knew what could be ahead,
but it never made him stop.
593
00:31:44,500 --> 00:31:47,600
The Southern Christian
Leadership Conference
594
00:31:47,633 --> 00:31:50,766
was not just one man, my
brother.
595
00:31:50,800 --> 00:31:54,000
It is a group made up of many
people.
596
00:31:54,033 --> 00:31:56,800
August 26th, 1968,
597
00:31:56,833 --> 00:32:00,733
AD's church, Zion Baptist,
was bombed in Louisville.
598
00:32:00,766 --> 00:32:03,500
Fortunately, no one was hurt.
599
00:32:03,533 --> 00:32:06,400
Well, I've talked with
the officers of my church
600
00:32:06,433 --> 00:32:11,433
and also the director of safety
of the City of Louisville,
601
00:32:12,433 --> 00:32:17,400
and I understand that it
was some pretty bad damage.
602
00:32:18,500 --> 00:32:20,800
By the fall of 1968,
603
00:32:20,833 --> 00:32:22,700
AD would leave Louisville to
return
604
00:32:22,733 --> 00:32:24,933
to co-pastor Ebenezer Baptist
Church
605
00:32:24,966 --> 00:32:27,933
with his father Martin Luther
King Sr.
606
00:32:27,966 --> 00:32:32,733
I think AD really never quite
got over his brother's death
607
00:32:32,766 --> 00:32:35,266
and neither did his father,
608
00:32:36,500 --> 00:32:40,166
and even though AD came on
to be the associate pastor
609
00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:44,833
at Ebenezer and was a very good
preacher,
610
00:32:46,300 --> 00:32:50,833
it was hard for them to get
over the death of Martin.
611
00:32:50,866 --> 00:32:52,233
And then shortly after that,
612
00:32:52,266 --> 00:32:55,333
his mother was killed while she
613
00:32:55,366 --> 00:33:00,133
was playing the Lord's Prayer
in church on Sunday morning.
614
00:33:00,166 --> 00:33:05,166
So the tragedy of the
family is just overwhelming.
615
00:33:05,900 --> 00:33:09,733
On July 1969, AD
would walk his daughter
616
00:33:09,766 --> 00:33:12,300
down the aisle on her wedding
day,
617
00:33:12,333 --> 00:33:16,700
unaware that this family
gathering would be his last.
618
00:33:16,733 --> 00:33:19,233
I had been married for almost
a week.
619
00:33:19,266 --> 00:33:22,866
My dad walked me down the
aisle as a young bride,
620
00:33:22,900 --> 00:33:26,300
and it was a special time
because it was in the midst
621
00:33:26,333 --> 00:33:29,033
of the tumult of the
civil rights movement.
622
00:33:29,066 --> 00:33:31,933
And I heard my father on
the phone and he says,
623
00:33:31,966 --> 00:33:34,433
"I don't care what you say.
624
00:33:34,466 --> 00:33:35,700
You killed my brother,
625
00:33:35,733 --> 00:33:39,100
and I'm not gonna rest
until that is proven."
626
00:33:39,133 --> 00:33:40,466
It was that type of
conversation.
627
00:33:40,500 --> 00:33:41,900
He was talking on the phone.
628
00:33:41,933 --> 00:33:43,933
Now we have become accustomed
629
00:33:43,966 --> 00:33:45,866
in our family to the phone
ringing,
630
00:33:45,900 --> 00:33:48,333
and we were having death
threats and all of that.
631
00:33:48,366 --> 00:33:51,600
Our home had been bombed
even in 1963 in Birmingham,
632
00:33:51,633 --> 00:33:55,233
Alabama, so I was accustomed
to rough telephone calls,
633
00:33:55,266 --> 00:33:57,033
but that one was a little
different
634
00:33:57,066 --> 00:34:00,166
because Daddy was very
confrontational with that
person,
635
00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:01,566
is, "You killed my brother,
636
00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:04,600
and I won't rest until the truth
is told."
637
00:34:05,466 --> 00:34:07,300
The evening of July the 20th,
638
00:34:07,333 --> 00:34:10,533
we was laughing and watching
TV, and I went to sleep.
639
00:34:13,166 --> 00:34:15,666
Don't remember what time it
was, late in the evening.
640
00:34:15,700 --> 00:34:19,300
More "Unsolved History: Life
of a King" when we return.
641
00:34:23,066 --> 00:34:26,800
July 21st, 1969 as the nation
awoke
642
00:34:26,833 --> 00:34:29,566
to the news of the Apollo 11
moon landing.
643
00:34:30,933 --> 00:34:33,833
It's one small step for
man,
644
00:34:33,866 --> 00:34:37,600
one giant leap for mankind.
I woke up the next morning,
645
00:34:37,633 --> 00:34:40,233
he was in the bottom of a
swimming pool.
646
00:34:40,266 --> 00:34:42,400
Alfred Daniel
King was pronounced dead
647
00:34:42,433 --> 00:34:44,800
in the backyard of his Atlanta
home.
648
00:34:44,833 --> 00:34:46,200
I was there on the scene
649
00:34:46,233 --> 00:34:48,966
when they pulled him outta the
pool.
650
00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:53,400
He was doubled up in the fetal
position
651
00:34:54,566 --> 00:34:57,466
with some bruises around his
abdomen.
652
00:34:57,500 --> 00:35:01,266
I heard the EMT said, "There's
no water in his lungs.
653
00:35:01,300 --> 00:35:03,433
This man was dead before
he hit the water."
654
00:35:05,300 --> 00:35:07,333
I know what I saw and I know
what I heard.
655
00:35:07,366 --> 00:35:09,366
At the time, his wife,
Naomi King,
656
00:35:09,400 --> 00:35:11,433
was on vacation with Coretta
Scott.
657
00:35:11,466 --> 00:35:14,400
We were in Jamaica
at the time on vacation
658
00:35:14,433 --> 00:35:17,233
with Coretta and two of her
children,
659
00:35:17,266 --> 00:35:19,633
and my husband and two of
our children were there.
660
00:35:19,666 --> 00:35:22,200
So he had to leave to come back
661
00:35:22,233 --> 00:35:24,966
to Atlanta for church
participation.
662
00:35:26,366 --> 00:35:27,200
Family friends
663
00:35:27,233 --> 00:35:30,333
and SCLC President Ralph
Abernathy came
664
00:35:30,366 --> 00:35:31,766
to support the family.
665
00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:36,800
Ah, it's just tragic
that this family has had
666
00:35:37,266 --> 00:35:41,500
to undergo so much within
the last few months.
667
00:35:41,533 --> 00:35:43,933
Along with
Dr. Ralph Abernathy,
668
00:35:43,966 --> 00:35:46,500
Reverend AD King was carrying on
the work
669
00:35:46,533 --> 00:35:48,400
of Martin Luther King Jr.
670
00:35:48,433 --> 00:35:50,866
AD King was behind the
scenes for the most part,
671
00:35:50,900 --> 00:35:52,500
but he was important to the
movement,
672
00:35:52,533 --> 00:35:54,800
partly as a symbol of
continuity.
673
00:35:54,833 --> 00:35:57,466
Now he is gone and there are no
more sons
674
00:35:57,500 --> 00:36:00,566
of Martin Luther King
Sr. to carry on his work.
675
00:36:00,600 --> 00:36:02,800
As news spread of AD's
death,
676
00:36:02,833 --> 00:36:06,433
all official reports stated he
drowned in his swimming pool
677
00:36:06,466 --> 00:36:08,466
and that there was no foul play.
678
00:36:09,466 --> 00:36:11,400
It certainly was
suspicious circumstances
679
00:36:11,433 --> 00:36:15,433
around him when you consider
that the next door neighbors
680
00:36:15,466 --> 00:36:18,100
who at that time were
white suddenly disappeared.
681
00:36:19,766 --> 00:36:23,066
I tend to not think that my
uncle drowned
682
00:36:23,100 --> 00:36:24,533
on his own in his own pool.
683
00:36:24,566 --> 00:36:26,533
I mean, he was a very good
swimmer.
684
00:36:26,566 --> 00:36:27,866
The state of AD's body
685
00:36:27,900 --> 00:36:31,300
would become the only evidence
to counter that theory.
686
00:36:31,333 --> 00:36:34,666
Unfortunately, no autopsy was
ever done.
687
00:36:34,700 --> 00:36:37,733
I met an investigative
reporter, Jeff Prue,
688
00:36:37,766 --> 00:36:39,966
and Jeff was outta California at
the time,
689
00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:42,733
but he came to Atlanta after the
funeral,
690
00:36:42,766 --> 00:36:44,200
after Daddy passed away,
691
00:36:44,233 --> 00:36:46,233
and we tried to get the
records of the death,
692
00:36:46,266 --> 00:36:47,733
the records from the coroner,
693
00:36:47,766 --> 00:36:50,833
and we tried for months to get
him and we got the runaround.
694
00:36:50,866 --> 00:36:54,533
"Oh, the coroner didn't have
time to write everything down.
695
00:36:54,566 --> 00:36:55,633
He was used to keeping things
696
00:36:55,666 --> 00:36:58,433
in his mind and now he's dead,"
or,
697
00:36:58,466 --> 00:37:00,833
"It should be on microfiche,
but we can't find it."
698
00:37:00,866 --> 00:37:03,766
We had just a runaround for
months,
699
00:37:03,800 --> 00:37:06,400
and so we were never
able to get the records.
700
00:37:06,433 --> 00:37:09,166
I think that people
didn't wanna know the truth
701
00:37:10,300 --> 00:37:11,633
as they didn't want to know the
truth
702
00:37:11,666 --> 00:37:12,933
about Martin Luther King.
703
00:37:13,933 --> 00:37:18,333
There was a investigation in
the Martin's passing really
704
00:37:18,366 --> 00:37:21,166
was never much of an
investigation.
705
00:37:21,200 --> 00:37:24,566
Questions that have been
unanswered
706
00:37:24,600 --> 00:37:27,566
to this day that most
people have forgotten,
707
00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:32,100
but I will always have that
suspicion in the back of my mind
708
00:37:32,133 --> 00:37:37,133
that AD went to the Lord just
like his mom
709
00:37:37,466 --> 00:37:41,766
and just like his brother, with
somebody else's involvement.
710
00:37:41,800 --> 00:37:43,766
When you get farther away from
it,
711
00:37:43,800 --> 00:37:46,733
you begin to ask questions,
712
00:37:46,766 --> 00:37:50,200
but we don't have any definitive
answers
713
00:37:51,633 --> 00:37:53,733
and perhaps never will.
714
00:37:53,766 --> 00:37:58,733
It sounds to me as though
it requires some looking into
715
00:37:58,766 --> 00:38:01,700
and some investigation because
the man
716
00:38:01,733 --> 00:38:05,866
was all of a sudden found dead
lying in the swimming pool.
717
00:38:05,900 --> 00:38:08,333
That whole thing is very, very
strange.
718
00:38:09,300 --> 00:38:13,600
I would urge AD Williams' family
to think
719
00:38:13,633 --> 00:38:17,100
about seriously exhuming the
body
720
00:38:17,133 --> 00:38:19,033
and trying to get the truth out
of it.
721
00:38:19,066 --> 00:38:21,133
The technology today is
such that I think a lot
722
00:38:21,166 --> 00:38:24,366
of information can
still be made available.
723
00:38:24,400 --> 00:38:27,266
With all the mysteries
surrounding AD's death,
724
00:38:27,300 --> 00:38:30,533
will his family seek to
open an investigation
725
00:38:30,566 --> 00:38:33,466
or leave the puzzle of
his passing unfinished?
726
00:38:33,500 --> 00:38:37,066
More "Unsolved History: Life
of a King" when we return.
727
00:38:39,733 --> 00:38:42,166
And that I'd have to have
somebody
728
00:38:42,200 --> 00:38:44,766
who was willing to do work on my
behalf,
729
00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:48,166
somebody who was willing
to stand up to the horses
730
00:38:48,200 --> 00:38:50,600
and the teargas in the Billy
Clubs!
731
00:38:57,733 --> 00:39:00,733
Welcome back to "Unsolved
History: Life of a King."
732
00:39:00,766 --> 00:39:02,866
When Alfred Daniel King died,
733
00:39:02,900 --> 00:39:06,233
the same media and press the
movement used so effectively
734
00:39:06,266 --> 00:39:08,533
to get attention for their
civil rights movement
735
00:39:08,566 --> 00:39:11,700
in the past barely covered the
story.
736
00:39:11,733 --> 00:39:14,500
Was this by design or pure
coincidence?
737
00:39:14,533 --> 00:39:18,500
AD would die on the same
day of the moon landing,
738
00:39:18,533 --> 00:39:21,966
the one day that all Americans
were looking to the stars
739
00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:25,333
and nothing on earth would
make a blip in the news,
740
00:39:25,366 --> 00:39:27,800
making the King family's
greatest weapon,
741
00:39:27,833 --> 00:39:29,233
freedom of the press,
742
00:39:29,266 --> 00:39:32,400
powerless on a day they needed
it most,
743
00:39:32,433 --> 00:39:37,266
crushing the legacy of
AD King in the process.
744
00:39:37,300 --> 00:39:38,733
My heart bleeds
745
00:39:38,766 --> 00:39:43,000
because my illustrious
husband is not here,
746
00:39:43,033 --> 00:39:48,033
and all of the causes
that he gave his life for,
747
00:39:48,500 --> 00:39:53,433
his belief, his hard
work that he indulged in,
748
00:39:53,466 --> 00:39:58,466
and not to be able to have any
acclaim
749
00:39:58,933 --> 00:40:02,600
to all of the hard work that
he has done and put forth
750
00:40:02,633 --> 00:40:06,033
and to be back at this
point now without him,
751
00:40:06,066 --> 00:40:07,900
I feel a terrible injustice that
he
752
00:40:07,933 --> 00:40:11,100
is not here to get his dues, his
props.
753
00:40:11,133 --> 00:40:15,900
What happened to AD is not
unusual.
754
00:40:15,933 --> 00:40:19,900
We lived in a symbolist
society, okay? Symbols.
755
00:40:21,100 --> 00:40:26,100
Martin King punched all the
buttons until he was shot.
756
00:40:27,433 --> 00:40:28,800
That made him immortal.
757
00:40:28,833 --> 00:40:33,800
People unfortunately try
to compare one with another,
758
00:40:34,433 --> 00:40:36,666
and that's unfair.
759
00:40:37,500 --> 00:40:41,300
AD made great contribution in
his own way,
760
00:40:41,333 --> 00:40:45,066
and he should not be
compared to his brother.
761
00:40:47,866 --> 00:40:50,000
Although the
contributions of AD King
762
00:40:50,033 --> 00:40:52,800
are not as well known
as his brother Martin,
763
00:40:52,833 --> 00:40:55,500
his legacy will not be
forgotten.
764
00:40:55,533 --> 00:40:57,500
Well, I think the most
important thing
765
00:40:57,533 --> 00:41:02,533
is the housing piece that
we have today, integration.
766
00:41:02,733 --> 00:41:05,200
Folk can live where they wanna
live.
767
00:41:05,233 --> 00:41:08,566
Had that not ever been an
AD doing that in Louisville,
768
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:11,466
Kentucky, leading that
movement, getting beat up,
769
00:41:11,500 --> 00:41:13,800
we wouldn't have open housing
today,
770
00:41:13,833 --> 00:41:16,866
and other pieces, the
Breadbasket movement
771
00:41:16,900 --> 00:41:19,800
that Dr. King started here in
Atlanta,
772
00:41:19,833 --> 00:41:22,333
had it not been for AD and Fred
Bennett,
773
00:41:22,366 --> 00:41:24,833
all of those preachers
from across the world
774
00:41:24,866 --> 00:41:26,033
wouldn't have never got together
775
00:41:26,066 --> 00:41:28,433
to integrate a lot of these
businesses.
776
00:41:28,466 --> 00:41:30,566
Coca-Cola wouldn't be what it is
today
777
00:41:30,600 --> 00:41:33,466
had it not been for people
like AD and Fred Bennett.
778
00:41:33,500 --> 00:41:35,266
Operation Breadbasket was
one
779
00:41:35,300 --> 00:41:39,333
of many departments formed
by the board members of SCLC.
780
00:41:39,366 --> 00:41:42,000
While operated by Fred Bennett,
781
00:41:42,033 --> 00:41:44,466
AD was behind much of the
strategy.
782
00:41:44,500 --> 00:41:45,966
We boycotted a lot.
783
00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:48,166
So if you couldn't buy
from a colored vendor,
784
00:41:48,200 --> 00:41:50,733
you bought no gifts, no
presents.
785
00:41:50,766 --> 00:41:53,300
There were seasons when if
you could not buy your food
786
00:41:53,333 --> 00:41:56,733
from a colored vendor,
then you bought no food.
787
00:41:56,766 --> 00:42:00,233
Those guys went to A& and told
A&P,
788
00:42:00,266 --> 00:42:01,966
"If you don't give us jobs,
789
00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:04,166
then we gonna go somewhere
else and start shopping."
790
00:42:04,200 --> 00:42:06,833
These companies didn't
just get kind and good.
791
00:42:06,866 --> 00:42:08,866
It was folk like AD and Bennett
792
00:42:08,900 --> 00:42:11,033
and those other preachers
who brought that together,
793
00:42:11,066 --> 00:42:13,433
and that's the best thing
that folk need to know.
794
00:42:13,466 --> 00:42:14,533
I think about AD.
795
00:42:17,433 --> 00:42:19,533
The SCLC is now made up
796
00:42:19,566 --> 00:42:22,800
of chapters and affiliate
programs all over the nation,
797
00:42:23,900 --> 00:42:26,900
expanding on the life's work
of Martin Luther King Jr.
798
00:42:26,933 --> 00:42:29,966
and his brother, Alfred
Daniel Williams King.
799
00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:35,933
The work of the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference
800
00:42:35,966 --> 00:42:37,300
will never be over.
801
00:42:38,133 --> 00:42:42,933
In my book, I was saying that I
hope that,
802
00:42:43,866 --> 00:42:47,866
because I got beat up and
went to jail once or twice,
803
00:42:47,900 --> 00:42:50,366
that my children wouldn't have
to,
804
00:42:51,200 --> 00:42:54,333
and then I stopped and I
said, "No, that's wrong."
805
00:42:54,366 --> 00:42:56,533
I said, "I hope they
don't have to go to jail
806
00:42:56,566 --> 00:42:59,633
for the same things I did, but I
hope they
807
00:42:59,666 --> 00:43:02,633
will always find something
for which to fight."
808
00:43:04,033 --> 00:43:06,066
You know, I was down in Selma,
Alabama,
809
00:43:06,100 --> 00:43:08,233
celebrating the 42nd
anniversary of the march
810
00:43:08,266 --> 00:43:10,933
across the Edmund Pettus Bridge,
811
00:43:10,966 --> 00:43:15,166
and I was surrounded by folks
whose names
812
00:43:15,200 --> 00:43:16,866
aren't always in the history
books.
813
00:43:16,900 --> 00:43:18,000
Amen!
814
00:43:18,033 --> 00:43:19,700
I was reminded that
they had marched for me.
815
00:43:19,733 --> 00:43:21,433
They didn't know me.
816
00:43:21,466 --> 00:43:24,233
I was only four years old at the
time.
817
00:43:25,700 --> 00:43:28,433
They didn't know who I was
individually,
818
00:43:28,466 --> 00:43:31,000
but they understood that
there would be somebody
819
00:43:31,033 --> 00:43:33,000
like me coming along,
820
00:43:33,033 --> 00:43:35,866
that I might wanna do
something with my life,
821
00:43:35,900 --> 00:43:38,000
that I might wanna be a lawyer,
822
00:43:38,033 --> 00:43:39,833
that I might wanna be a law
professor,
823
00:43:39,866 --> 00:43:43,300
that I might wanna run for
the United States Senate.
824
00:43:43,333 --> 00:43:45,600
I might even wanna run for
president,
825
00:43:45,633 --> 00:43:48,033
and that I'd have to have
somebody
826
00:43:48,066 --> 00:43:50,600
who was willing to do work on my
behalf,
827
00:43:50,633 --> 00:43:53,300
somebody who was willing to
stand up
828
00:43:53,333 --> 00:43:56,333
to the horses and the
teargas and the Billy Clubs!
829
00:43:58,300 --> 00:44:00,600
Although AD's
death is still a mystery
830
00:44:01,733 --> 00:44:03,766
and Martin Luther King's
assassination
831
00:44:03,800 --> 00:44:05,566
is shrouded in conspiracy,
832
00:44:07,633 --> 00:44:12,233
their contributions to this
nation will never be forgotten.
833
00:44:12,266 --> 00:44:13,366
I'm Ed Gordon,
834
00:44:13,400 --> 00:44:16,733
and that's all for this
edition of "Unsolved History."
835
00:44:30,400 --> 00:44:33,500
As we pledge ourselves
to eternal vigilance
836
00:44:33,533 --> 00:44:37,966
of our just cause, let us
establish the militancy
837
00:44:38,000 --> 00:44:41,700
in Martin Luther King's
words, and I quote,
838
00:44:41,733 --> 00:44:46,433
"Some of you have knives,
some of you have guns,
839
00:44:46,466 --> 00:44:48,700
and I ask you to put them up.
840
00:44:48,733 --> 00:44:52,200
Some of you have arms, and
I ask you to put them up.
841
00:44:52,233 --> 00:44:54,800
Get the weapon of nonviolence,
842
00:44:54,833 --> 00:44:57,100
the breast plates through
righteousness,
843
00:44:57,133 --> 00:45:00,733
the armor of truth, and
just keep marching."
64245
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