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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:05,833 --> 00:00:08,000 Welcome to "Unsolved History." 3 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 4 00:00:08,033 --> 00:00:10,633 On the doorstep of MLK 50, 5 00:00:10,666 --> 00:00:12,700 we are taking a look back at the deaths 6 00:00:12,733 --> 00:00:14,566 of Martin Luther King Jr. 7 00:00:14,600 --> 00:00:17,733 and his brother Alfred Daniel King. 8 00:00:17,766 --> 00:00:20,133 While the life of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 9 00:00:20,166 --> 00:00:21,600 is well documented, 10 00:00:21,633 --> 00:00:23,966 a spiritual leader and public negotiator 11 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:26,700 for the 1960s civil rights movement, 12 00:00:26,733 --> 00:00:29,833 little is known about his brother AD King, 13 00:00:29,866 --> 00:00:32,100 who apparently, depressed with grief, 14 00:00:32,133 --> 00:00:36,433 drank himself to death and drowned in his own swimming pool, 15 00:00:36,466 --> 00:00:40,033 or at least that's the story we've come to know. 16 00:00:40,066 --> 00:00:44,266 Was his death an accident or murder? I'm Ed Gordon. 17 00:00:44,300 --> 00:00:46,666 We'll tackle that question on this edition 18 00:00:46,700 --> 00:00:49,733 of "Unsolved History: Life of a King." 19 00:01:16,500 --> 00:01:18,666 On January 6th, 2018, 20 00:01:18,700 --> 00:01:20,466 the family gathered for the burial 21 00:01:20,500 --> 00:01:22,633 of Isaac Newton Farris Sr., 22 00:01:23,700 --> 00:01:25,533 founding member of the King Center 23 00:01:25,566 --> 00:01:28,066 and the brother-in-law of Martin Luther King Jr. 24 00:01:28,100 --> 00:01:29,766 and Alfred Daniel King. 25 00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:36,933 My mother's generation in her family was robbed. 26 00:01:38,533 --> 00:01:43,533 You all know 1968, Uncle ML's assassination. 27 00:01:45,300 --> 00:01:49,966 One year later, not as well known, her other brother, 28 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:57,700 Uncle AD, was taken from us, and he was taken from us. 29 00:02:00,300 --> 00:02:03,833 We don't talk about it much, but he was taken from us. 30 00:02:06,366 --> 00:02:08,066 Moments Following the funeral, 31 00:02:08,100 --> 00:02:11,566 we were able to sit down with AD's oldest daughter, 32 00:02:11,600 --> 00:02:15,266 Alveda King, who is still haunted by her father's death. 33 00:02:15,300 --> 00:02:18,766 So we kind of expected that they could go at any time, 34 00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:21,666 and I believe Daddy and Uncle ML knew that. 35 00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:27,400 Like anybody, I would like to live a long life. 36 00:02:27,433 --> 00:02:30,500 Longevity has its place, 37 00:02:31,766 --> 00:02:34,200 but I'm not concerned about that now. 38 00:02:35,633 --> 00:02:38,200 I just wanna do God's will. 39 00:02:39,533 --> 00:02:42,166 And he's allowed me to go up to the mountain, 40 00:02:43,500 --> 00:02:48,500 and I've looked over, and I've seen the Promised Land. 41 00:02:51,166 --> 00:02:52,833 I may not get there with you, 42 00:02:53,866 --> 00:02:55,700 but I want you to know the night 43 00:02:57,033 --> 00:03:00,833 that we as will get to the Promised Land! 44 00:03:02,433 --> 00:03:07,100 In 2018 and moving forward into the next decades 45 00:03:07,133 --> 00:03:11,633 and generations for the young people, truth has to be told, 46 00:03:11,666 --> 00:03:15,833 and as painful as truth can be, when we have the answers, 47 00:03:15,866 --> 00:03:18,233 then we know how to move forward. 48 00:03:19,200 --> 00:03:20,400 From a young age, 49 00:03:20,433 --> 00:03:23,100 the King brothers were groomed for ministry and leadership 50 00:03:23,133 --> 00:03:26,066 by their father, Martin Luther King Sr., 51 00:03:26,100 --> 00:03:29,000 and their grandfather Alfred Daniel Williams, 52 00:03:29,033 --> 00:03:30,700 who AD was named after. 53 00:03:31,700 --> 00:03:34,766 Growing up, the two brothers were always side by side, 54 00:03:34,800 --> 00:03:38,700 even in Memphis on April 4th, 1968, 55 00:03:38,733 --> 00:03:41,633 the day of Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination. 56 00:03:42,766 --> 00:03:45,900 The last afternoon before Dr. King was killed, 57 00:03:45,933 --> 00:03:50,733 he and AD were having a fish luncheon together. 58 00:03:50,766 --> 00:03:53,100 So we were all clowning and playing around, 59 00:03:53,133 --> 00:03:56,833 and it was one of the happiest times in the movement for me 60 00:03:56,866 --> 00:04:00,366 because they started beating me up with a pillow, 61 00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:05,400 and I made the mistake of throwing the pillow back at 'em, 62 00:04:05,900 --> 00:04:07,633 and then everybody just got the pillows 63 00:04:07,666 --> 00:04:11,833 and piled on top of me in between the two beds 64 00:04:11,866 --> 00:04:13,266 in the Lorraine Motel. 65 00:04:14,233 --> 00:04:19,033 But it was just a fun time. 66 00:04:19,066 --> 00:04:21,733 And then somebody knocked on the door and said, 67 00:04:21,766 --> 00:04:24,600 "You know, you all are due for dinner at six o'clock," 68 00:04:24,633 --> 00:04:28,266 and Martin went upstairs to put on his shirt 69 00:04:28,300 --> 00:04:30,066 and tie to go to dinner, 70 00:04:30,100 --> 00:04:34,366 and next thing we knew, a shot was ringing out. 71 00:04:36,033 --> 00:04:37,900 Reverend AD was in the room directly 72 00:04:37,933 --> 00:04:42,033 below Martin Luther King, Jr. when the fatal shot went off. 73 00:04:43,033 --> 00:04:46,433 My husband was there, right there in Memphis, Tennessee, 74 00:04:46,466 --> 00:04:50,300 right there right by his side as he always was. 75 00:04:50,333 --> 00:04:54,466 He was right there near his side, and the next day, 76 00:04:56,100 --> 00:04:58,800 you had all of these figures was mentioned. 77 00:04:58,833 --> 00:05:01,233 Everybody there was there but him. 78 00:05:01,266 --> 00:05:02,800 Now, why, you know? 79 00:05:04,233 --> 00:05:07,366 How could you overlook his brother, his only brother? 80 00:05:07,400 --> 00:05:10,066 How could you call everybody else's name, everybody, 81 00:05:10,100 --> 00:05:12,933 and overlook his only brother? 82 00:05:12,966 --> 00:05:16,733 That is very painful to me, and I would imagine this, 83 00:05:16,766 --> 00:05:18,966 you know, was very painful for him. 84 00:05:21,900 --> 00:05:26,566 In the spring of 1965, at that time, 85 00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:30,033 at a meeting of the executive board in Baltimore, Maryland, 86 00:05:30,066 --> 00:05:34,966 Dr. King and the members of the board unanimously agreed 87 00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:37,966 that in the event of Dr. King's death, 88 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:40,900 Dr. Abernathy would become the president. 89 00:05:40,933 --> 00:05:42,700 There was speculation that AD 90 00:05:42,733 --> 00:05:45,900 might become president of the SCLC. 91 00:05:45,933 --> 00:05:49,300 However, AD made no attempts to assume the role, 92 00:05:49,333 --> 00:05:51,633 instead focusing on finding the truth 93 00:05:51,666 --> 00:05:54,166 about the assassination of his brother. 94 00:05:54,200 --> 00:05:56,066 Have you gentleman had any progress report 95 00:05:56,100 --> 00:05:58,866 or any late information on the search for the assassin? 96 00:06:00,133 --> 00:06:03,666 No, nothing more than what we have read in the papers. 97 00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:07,433 AD was determined to get to the bottom 98 00:06:07,466 --> 00:06:09,000 of who killed his brother. 99 00:06:09,033 --> 00:06:13,133 He knew more than perhaps he should've known 100 00:06:13,166 --> 00:06:15,866 about his brother's death and was determined 101 00:06:15,900 --> 00:06:19,066 to try to keep the issue alive, 102 00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:22,600 and maybe he was simply too close 103 00:06:22,633 --> 00:06:24,633 to the target and he was too much online. 104 00:06:24,666 --> 00:06:27,166 July 21st, 1969, 105 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:29,533 Alfred Daniel King would be discovered dead 106 00:06:29,566 --> 00:06:31,200 in his own swimming pool. 107 00:06:31,233 --> 00:06:34,600 His daughter Alveda remembers seeing him the night before. 108 00:06:34,633 --> 00:06:36,300 When I came home, 109 00:06:36,333 --> 00:06:39,400 my young husband and I had been out to dinner, 110 00:06:39,433 --> 00:06:42,866 and we walked up on the porch, and, at that time, 111 00:06:42,900 --> 00:06:45,433 the windows were open, the screens were there, 112 00:06:45,466 --> 00:06:48,033 but the windows were up to let the breeze in. 113 00:06:48,066 --> 00:06:50,933 And I heard my father on the phone, and he says, 114 00:06:50,966 --> 00:06:54,700 "I don't care what you say, you killed my brother, 115 00:06:54,733 --> 00:06:58,166 and I'm not gonna rest until that is proven." 116 00:06:58,200 --> 00:06:59,833 So we went on into the house and I said, 117 00:06:59,866 --> 00:07:01,633 "Daddy, what was that? 118 00:07:01,666 --> 00:07:02,833 Who was that?" 119 00:07:02,866 --> 00:07:06,833 "Oh baby, don't worry about it. We'll talk again later." 120 00:07:06,866 --> 00:07:09,533 And that was the last conversation I had with my dad. 121 00:07:10,966 --> 00:07:12,600 With Martin's assassination 122 00:07:12,633 --> 00:07:15,433 rocking the civil rights movement to its core, 123 00:07:15,466 --> 00:07:18,600 many did not accept the lone gunman theory, 124 00:07:18,633 --> 00:07:22,166 and no one was more interested in discovering the truth 125 00:07:22,200 --> 00:07:24,200 than Martin's brother AD. 126 00:07:24,233 --> 00:07:27,566 Now, 50 years later, we will reexamine the journey 127 00:07:27,600 --> 00:07:32,166 of these two brothers and the mysterious death of AD King. 128 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:34,233 Was it an unfortunate accident 129 00:07:34,266 --> 00:07:37,766 or a murder intended to obstruct justice? 130 00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:41,466 More "Unsolved History: Life of a King" when we return. 131 00:07:44,266 --> 00:07:46,100 He said, "They tried to choke me to death 132 00:07:46,133 --> 00:07:47,766 in that jail with my neck tie." 133 00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:49,433 I said, "Oh, ML," I said, 134 00:07:49,466 --> 00:07:52,433 "I'm so glad that they did not choke you to death," 135 00:07:52,466 --> 00:07:55,466 I said, "because we'd have so great loss." 136 00:08:02,500 --> 00:08:05,700 Welcome back to "Unsolved History: Life of a King." 137 00:08:05,733 --> 00:08:08,500 When we left our story, it was 1968, 138 00:08:08,533 --> 00:08:10,633 just after Martin Luther King Jr. 139 00:08:10,666 --> 00:08:12,833 was assassinated in Memphis. 140 00:08:12,866 --> 00:08:15,366 But what led to that faithful moment started long 141 00:08:15,400 --> 00:08:17,166 before the trip to Tennessee, 142 00:08:17,200 --> 00:08:19,966 long before the nation knew the King name. 143 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:23,266 Martin and Alfred were born into a family with a legacy 144 00:08:23,300 --> 00:08:27,033 of leadership in the advancement of colored people. 145 00:08:29,433 --> 00:08:32,033 January 15th, 1929, 146 00:08:32,066 --> 00:08:35,466 Martin Luther King Jr. is born in Atlanta, Georgia. 147 00:08:35,500 --> 00:08:39,333 Just one year later, July 30th, 1930, 148 00:08:39,366 --> 00:08:43,533 his brother Alfred Daniel Williams King is born. 149 00:08:43,566 --> 00:08:45,566 The two boys spent their early years 150 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:50,300 in the now historic family home at 501 Auburn Avenue 151 00:08:50,333 --> 00:08:52,533 with their oldest sister, Christine. 152 00:08:52,566 --> 00:08:55,066 Well, we had the rather normal childhood 153 00:08:55,100 --> 00:08:57,400 like sisters and brothers. 154 00:08:57,433 --> 00:09:01,533 We stayed together, played together, 155 00:09:01,566 --> 00:09:03,400 got into trouble together. 156 00:09:04,866 --> 00:09:09,400 AD and I met in junior high at David T. Howard. 157 00:09:09,433 --> 00:09:13,166 He probably was recognized more. 158 00:09:13,200 --> 00:09:15,833 His daddy was a very famous minister, 159 00:09:15,866 --> 00:09:17,066 you know, at that time. 160 00:09:17,100 --> 00:09:20,333 We just do what, you know, 161 00:09:20,366 --> 00:09:23,333 teenage kids would do at that age. 162 00:09:23,366 --> 00:09:26,600 Well, we used to like the girl, used to run at the girl. 163 00:09:28,633 --> 00:09:33,633 So we met at the YWCA party when we was like 12 and 13. 164 00:09:33,666 --> 00:09:37,633 Now I think it was 1947 when my mom and I joined the church. 165 00:09:37,666 --> 00:09:40,366 So at that time, we sort of, you know, 166 00:09:40,400 --> 00:09:43,500 developed a serious relationship, and we became, 167 00:09:44,400 --> 00:09:47,500 you know, like serious girlfriend and boyfriend. 168 00:09:47,533 --> 00:09:49,600 February 25th, 1948, 169 00:09:49,633 --> 00:09:53,066 Martin is ordained at Ebenezer Baptist Church just 170 00:09:53,100 --> 00:09:55,733 before graduating from Morehouse College. 171 00:09:56,833 --> 00:09:59,433 Meanwhile, AD, still attending Morehouse, 172 00:09:59,466 --> 00:10:02,666 discovers his longtime girlfriend, Naomi Barber, 173 00:10:02,700 --> 00:10:05,566 is pregnant with their first child. 174 00:10:06,500 --> 00:10:09,466 So we went and had a talk with Daddy King. 175 00:10:09,500 --> 00:10:11,166 He said, "There will be no abortion. 176 00:10:11,200 --> 00:10:12,500 There won't be none of that." 177 00:10:12,533 --> 00:10:13,966 He said, "I know you in school. 178 00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:17,033 It is your first year in college, and AD is in college," 179 00:10:17,066 --> 00:10:18,533 he said, "but it won't be none of that." 180 00:10:18,566 --> 00:10:20,833 He said, "We gonna have this baby." 181 00:10:20,866 --> 00:10:25,233 Naomi and AD would marry on June 17th, 1950, 182 00:10:25,266 --> 00:10:28,433 and their daughter was born just seven months later, 183 00:10:28,466 --> 00:10:32,566 the first of five children. I was the oldest of five, 184 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:35,000 the first born in my generation, 185 00:10:35,033 --> 00:10:37,566 and so Daddy, he was a great father. 186 00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:40,633 He was just a great dad and very protective, 187 00:10:40,666 --> 00:10:44,466 a wonderful provider. September 1st, 1954, 188 00:10:44,500 --> 00:10:47,700 Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King marry 189 00:10:47,733 --> 00:10:50,133 and move to Montgomery, Alabama, 190 00:10:50,166 --> 00:10:54,600 just one year before the historic Montgomery bus boycott. 191 00:10:54,633 --> 00:10:59,466 To me, it happened so fast when the movement started. 192 00:10:59,500 --> 00:11:02,166 I can remember when it started in '55. 193 00:11:03,800 --> 00:11:05,566 AD and the family visited Martin 194 00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:08,533 after he was arrested in Montgomery. 195 00:11:08,566 --> 00:11:11,566 And he said, "You know what?" I said, "What?" 196 00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:12,633 You know what he said? 197 00:11:12,666 --> 00:11:15,200 "They tried to choke me to death with my neck tie." 198 00:11:16,666 --> 00:11:18,366 I said, "What'd you say?" 199 00:11:18,400 --> 00:11:20,233 He said, "They tried to choke me to death 200 00:11:20,266 --> 00:11:21,900 in that jail with my neck tie." 201 00:11:21,933 --> 00:11:23,566 I said, "Oh, ML," I said, 202 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:26,566 "I'm so glad that they did not choke you to death," 203 00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:29,933 I said, "because we'd have such a great loss. 204 00:11:29,966 --> 00:11:32,366 You know, I just don't even wanna think about that." 205 00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:34,733 So I think, in that moment, 206 00:11:34,766 --> 00:11:38,200 that's when I begin to have my first thoughts 207 00:11:38,233 --> 00:11:42,100 about civil rights movement and where we go. 208 00:11:42,133 --> 00:11:45,066 In 1959, AD graduates from Morehouse College 209 00:11:45,100 --> 00:11:48,533 and finally embraces the ministry and the movement, 210 00:11:48,566 --> 00:11:51,166 even knowing the danger involved. 211 00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:52,766 The student movement here in Atlanta 212 00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:56,200 was well integrated with SCLC, 213 00:11:56,233 --> 00:11:58,300 probably more so than anywhere else in the country. 214 00:11:58,333 --> 00:12:01,400 But AD was the lead of the group, and there were five of us. 215 00:12:01,433 --> 00:12:03,500 I think all everybody was student except AD, 216 00:12:03,533 --> 00:12:05,333 but one of the rules, of course, 217 00:12:05,366 --> 00:12:08,666 is that you don't never take any weapons with you. 218 00:12:08,700 --> 00:12:13,233 So when we were arrested, he said, "Get rid of everything," 219 00:12:13,266 --> 00:12:15,300 and I did not get rid of my little knife 220 00:12:15,333 --> 00:12:17,233 that I used to sharpen pencils. 221 00:12:17,266 --> 00:12:20,000 So when we got to the prison and they searched us 222 00:12:20,033 --> 00:12:22,100 and they found this little knife, they said, 223 00:12:22,133 --> 00:12:24,800 "Okay, we gonna put you in the hole." 224 00:12:24,833 --> 00:12:28,266 The hole was that place where they put the worst prisoners, 225 00:12:28,300 --> 00:12:30,466 and it was AD, strangely enough, 226 00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:33,866 who had advised us not to have anything on us. 227 00:12:33,900 --> 00:12:37,000 He's the one that really pleaded with them not 228 00:12:37,033 --> 00:12:39,733 to put me in the hole, and they listened and they didn't, 229 00:12:39,766 --> 00:12:42,100 so I ended up going in with everybody else. 230 00:12:42,133 --> 00:12:44,866 So that was my first memorable experience with AD. 231 00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:49,433 For years, AD worked in his brother's shadow 232 00:12:49,466 --> 00:12:52,433 as an organizer and a detail man. 233 00:12:52,466 --> 00:12:55,266 AD King had as much commitment, 234 00:12:55,300 --> 00:12:57,866 maybe even more commitment than his brother Martin. 235 00:12:58,766 --> 00:13:01,300 He was willing to work with us on the committee. 236 00:13:01,333 --> 00:13:04,233 He was very actively involved. He was at ITC at the time. 237 00:13:07,100 --> 00:13:12,100 He was on the first sit-in. He was there on the committee. 238 00:13:13,833 --> 00:13:18,833 He participated, worked hard, picketed, you name it. 239 00:13:19,433 --> 00:13:22,966 By 1963, AD was living in Birmingham, 240 00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:26,133 pastoring the First Street Baptist Church in Ensley, 241 00:13:26,166 --> 00:13:28,566 putting him center stage for the biggest battle 242 00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:31,700 in the civil rights movement thus far, Project C. 243 00:13:31,733 --> 00:13:35,566 He was one of about four preachers that, 244 00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:37,500 along with Fred Shuttlesworth, 245 00:13:37,533 --> 00:13:39,733 invited us to come into Birmingham. 246 00:13:41,333 --> 00:13:42,700 Out of 400 churches, 247 00:13:42,733 --> 00:13:45,733 there were only about 14 churches that would let us meet, 248 00:13:45,766 --> 00:13:48,133 and his church was one of them. 249 00:13:48,166 --> 00:13:52,233 Ensley also produced a lot of the high school students 250 00:13:52,266 --> 00:13:56,766 that ended up creating the movement that changed America. 251 00:13:59,633 --> 00:14:02,000 With Martin's previous success in Montgomery 252 00:14:02,033 --> 00:14:05,366 with the bus boycott, joining forces with his brother AD 253 00:14:05,400 --> 00:14:08,200 for Project C in Birmingham could prove 254 00:14:08,233 --> 00:14:12,466 to be a powerful recipe for a big national change, 255 00:14:12,500 --> 00:14:14,433 a change that much of the country 256 00:14:14,466 --> 00:14:17,166 would not be prepared to face, 257 00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:19,500 turning the small city of Birmingham 258 00:14:19,533 --> 00:14:22,700 to the crime-riddled town of Bombingham. 259 00:14:22,733 --> 00:14:26,733 More "Unsolved History: Life of a King" when we return. 260 00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:30,566 He said, "Naomi, it's too quiet here. 261 00:14:30,600 --> 00:14:32,600 Something is not right." 262 00:14:32,633 --> 00:14:34,400 And he picked up and started running through the house. 263 00:14:34,433 --> 00:14:36,233 "Get out, get out, it's a bomb." 264 00:14:36,266 --> 00:14:37,733 And when we looked back, 265 00:14:37,766 --> 00:14:40,500 the whole front of the house was gone. 266 00:14:41,433 --> 00:14:44,533 Welcome back to "Unsolved History: Life of a King." 267 00:14:44,566 --> 00:14:47,000 It's now spring of 1963. 268 00:14:47,033 --> 00:14:50,200 Martin and the leadership of the SCLC knew a victory 269 00:14:50,233 --> 00:14:52,866 in Birmingham could bring a much needed jolt 270 00:14:52,900 --> 00:14:54,766 for the civil rights movement. 271 00:14:54,800 --> 00:14:59,400 They would call the plan Project C, C for confrontation. 272 00:15:00,533 --> 00:15:04,000 AD King, he was one of about four preachers that, 273 00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:07,066 along with Fred Shuttlesworth, 274 00:15:07,100 --> 00:15:09,733 invited us to come into Birmingham. 275 00:15:09,766 --> 00:15:13,100 He went to jail in Birmingham with his brother. 276 00:15:14,966 --> 00:15:18,500 Seeing AD as one of the leaders in the movement 277 00:15:18,533 --> 00:15:21,366 by being the brother of my Luther King Jr. 278 00:15:21,400 --> 00:15:23,233 but really being his own. 279 00:15:26,866 --> 00:15:30,500 It would begin on April 3rd, 1963. 280 00:15:30,533 --> 00:15:32,400 It would build in waves. 281 00:15:32,433 --> 00:15:35,066 First a boycott of downtown businesses, 282 00:15:35,100 --> 00:15:38,266 then waves of sit-ins at white-only establishments 283 00:15:38,300 --> 00:15:40,933 to fill the jails, and finally, 284 00:15:40,966 --> 00:15:44,233 non-violent protest marches on a daily basis. 285 00:15:44,266 --> 00:15:46,100 And it was AD's members 286 00:15:46,133 --> 00:15:48,800 who basically came the height of the movement there 287 00:15:48,833 --> 00:15:50,866 in Birmingham because he was able 288 00:15:50,900 --> 00:15:52,433 to get there and give leadership. 289 00:15:52,466 --> 00:15:53,866 It was great. 290 00:15:53,900 --> 00:15:56,400 I served here under him as the finance chairman, 291 00:15:56,433 --> 00:15:58,433 and then I served as the youth director. 292 00:15:58,466 --> 00:15:59,900 He would get me to stay in the house 293 00:15:59,933 --> 00:16:02,400 inside while the others guys guard the house, 294 00:16:02,433 --> 00:16:04,133 but that was in case if something happened, 295 00:16:04,166 --> 00:16:06,533 I would be able to help get them out, you know. 296 00:16:06,566 --> 00:16:09,266 My main role was bonding people outta jail. 297 00:16:09,300 --> 00:16:13,766 I bonded as many over 50 people at one time. 298 00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:17,166 On April 12th, 1963, AD was arrested, 299 00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:20,033 along with his brother and Ralph Abernathy. 300 00:16:21,500 --> 00:16:25,633 They was determined to get the Kings out, I know that. 301 00:16:25,666 --> 00:16:29,733 Ensley also produced a lot of the high school students 302 00:16:29,766 --> 00:16:34,466 that ended up creating the movement that changed America, 303 00:16:34,500 --> 00:16:36,433 and that was AD's leadership. 304 00:16:39,700 --> 00:16:42,800 The police also arrested over 600 young people, 305 00:16:42,833 --> 00:16:45,966 but 1,500 more stood in the shadows, 306 00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,033 ready to march the next day. 307 00:16:48,066 --> 00:16:51,000 With the jails filled and the economy hurting, 308 00:16:51,033 --> 00:16:53,600 Police Chief Bull Connor used excessive force 309 00:16:53,633 --> 00:16:55,100 to clear the streets. 310 00:16:55,133 --> 00:16:56,333 ♪ The only one come 311 00:16:56,366 --> 00:16:58,000 ♪ from just holdin' on 312 00:16:58,033 --> 00:17:00,433 ♪ A bullet is on its way 313 00:17:00,466 --> 00:17:03,233 ♪ And tell the whole world that I'm comin' home ♪ 314 00:17:03,266 --> 00:17:05,100 ♪ Someone's gonna need a grave 315 00:17:05,133 --> 00:17:06,666 This would set the perfect trap 316 00:17:06,700 --> 00:17:08,566 to bring the heavy-handed reactions 317 00:17:08,600 --> 00:17:12,233 from police face to face with the national media. 318 00:17:12,266 --> 00:17:15,000 With the United States under the global spotlight, 319 00:17:15,033 --> 00:17:18,366 President John F. Kennedy sends in federal negotiators 320 00:17:18,400 --> 00:17:20,966 on May 5th, 1963. 321 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:22,633 Just five days later, 322 00:17:22,666 --> 00:17:26,133 Martin AD and Fred Shuttlesworth sign a truce known 323 00:17:26,166 --> 00:17:28,700 as the Birmingham Truce Agreement. 324 00:17:28,733 --> 00:17:31,100 In exchange for halting the protests, 325 00:17:31,133 --> 00:17:34,466 white business owners promised to desegregate their shops, 326 00:17:34,500 --> 00:17:37,133 lunch counters, and drinking fountains. 327 00:17:37,166 --> 00:17:40,466 Food facilities, lunch counters, and fitting rooms. 328 00:17:40,500 --> 00:17:41,666 But with this victory 329 00:17:41,700 --> 00:17:44,233 came immediate retaliation. 330 00:17:46,600 --> 00:17:49,533 May the 11th, 1963, 331 00:17:50,766 --> 00:17:54,966 my husband came up to the front of the home, 332 00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:57,566 and he said to me, he said, "Naomi, it is too quiet here. 333 00:17:57,600 --> 00:17:59,666 Something is not right." 334 00:18:01,300 --> 00:18:02,100 And he picked her up 335 00:18:02,133 --> 00:18:03,033 and started running through the house. 336 00:18:03,066 --> 00:18:04,766 "Get out, get out, it's a bomb." 337 00:18:04,800 --> 00:18:06,733 My brother jumps up off the couch, 338 00:18:06,766 --> 00:18:08,900 and the rest of us were in the back. 339 00:18:09,833 --> 00:18:14,166 First explosion, the concussion knocked out the window. 340 00:18:15,100 --> 00:18:17,133 The concussion was so forceful. 341 00:18:17,166 --> 00:18:19,933 I saw my mom and dad fly by my bedroom. 342 00:18:19,966 --> 00:18:23,033 The stuff they do on TV ain't nothing like the real thing. 343 00:18:24,633 --> 00:18:26,966 And we get out of the house, 344 00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,333 and then we run out through the garage. 345 00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:34,366 And when we looked back, there was a second bomb, 346 00:18:34,400 --> 00:18:37,333 and the whole front of the house was gone. 347 00:18:39,500 --> 00:18:42,700 That night in the street, the street, this whole street, 348 00:18:42,733 --> 00:18:44,900 all this area was full of people, 349 00:18:44,933 --> 00:18:48,666 I mean, in every direction, and they just came. 350 00:18:48,700 --> 00:18:50,133 I don't know if it flashed on the news. 351 00:18:50,166 --> 00:18:52,766 I don't know how people found out so fast. 352 00:18:52,800 --> 00:18:53,833 That same night, 353 00:18:53,866 --> 00:18:57,133 dynamite explosions had ravished the Gaston Motel, 354 00:18:57,166 --> 00:18:58,700 a black-owned establishment 355 00:18:58,733 --> 00:19:01,033 where Martin Luther King Jr. had been staying. 356 00:19:01,066 --> 00:19:05,000 Fortunately, he had already left town and no one was hurt. 357 00:19:05,033 --> 00:19:09,033 There was a man by the name of Roosevelt Tatum. 358 00:19:09,066 --> 00:19:12,800 He said that there was a police car parked right 359 00:19:12,833 --> 00:19:15,066 in front of the home over here, 360 00:19:16,500 --> 00:19:21,600 and he said he saw him toss the first bomb. 361 00:19:21,633 --> 00:19:24,566 And when we got to Avenue H, 362 00:19:24,600 --> 00:19:27,066 one policeman was standing in the yard 363 00:19:27,100 --> 00:19:29,433 and where he went to after then, I do not know 364 00:19:29,466 --> 00:19:31,066 when the people started yelling. 365 00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:35,033 And as people were driving up and down the street, 366 00:19:35,900 --> 00:19:37,900 the people honestly for a minute began to riot. 367 00:19:37,933 --> 00:19:40,900 They began to pick up stones and debris 368 00:19:40,933 --> 00:19:42,400 and throw at the cars, and my dad said, 369 00:19:42,433 --> 00:19:45,633 "We are not violent, do not retaliate." 370 00:19:46,633 --> 00:19:48,533 May 12th, 1963, 371 00:19:48,566 --> 00:19:50,733 President Kennedy issued a statement. 372 00:19:50,766 --> 00:19:53,100 Disturbed by the bombings in Birmingham, 373 00:19:53,133 --> 00:19:57,266 he ordered 3,000 US troops to encircle the small community 374 00:19:57,300 --> 00:19:59,033 to bring an end to the rioting 375 00:19:59,066 --> 00:20:02,366 and gain some semblance of peace. 376 00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:04,800 With the battle lines clearly drawn, 377 00:20:04,833 --> 00:20:07,266 taking the fight for civil rights to Washington 378 00:20:07,300 --> 00:20:09,100 was the only option left. 379 00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:13,700 More "Unsolved History: Life of a King" when we return. 380 00:20:16,933 --> 00:20:18,466 The integration of housing, 381 00:20:18,500 --> 00:20:21,900 people could go live where they want, that was AD's baby, 382 00:20:21,933 --> 00:20:25,100 but Dr. King pulled all of us into Louisville 383 00:20:25,133 --> 00:20:27,800 to help with that open occupancy march. 384 00:20:33,766 --> 00:20:37,000 Welcome back to "Unsolved History: Life of a King." 385 00:20:37,033 --> 00:20:38,466 While the country is dealing 386 00:20:38,500 --> 00:20:41,066 with the aftermath of Project C, 387 00:20:41,100 --> 00:20:43,733 images of young black children being hosed down 388 00:20:43,766 --> 00:20:46,233 in Birmingham are flooding the evening news 389 00:20:46,266 --> 00:20:47,733 and the morning papers. 390 00:20:47,766 --> 00:20:51,066 The civil rights movement gains even more momentum, 391 00:20:51,100 --> 00:20:52,966 leading to the social, political, 392 00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:56,666 and financial framework for the March on Washington. 393 00:21:02,033 --> 00:21:05,466 Held on August 28th, 1963, 394 00:21:05,500 --> 00:21:08,933 organized by A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin. 395 00:21:08,966 --> 00:21:10,033 It sets the stage 396 00:21:10,066 --> 00:21:13,533 for Dr. Martin Luther King's most famous speech. 397 00:21:13,566 --> 00:21:15,300 The speech would come to be known 398 00:21:15,333 --> 00:21:17,466 as the "I Have a Dream" speech, 399 00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:20,733 a speech aimed at the Emancipation Proclamation 400 00:21:20,766 --> 00:21:24,766 signed 100 years earlier in 1863. 401 00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:27,900 He called it, quote, "a bad check written 402 00:21:27,933 --> 00:21:30,100 to America's black citizens." 403 00:21:31,200 --> 00:21:33,700 And I think this march will go down 404 00:21:33,733 --> 00:21:36,600 as one of the greatest, 405 00:21:36,633 --> 00:21:39,433 if not the greatest demonstrations, 406 00:21:39,466 --> 00:21:42,033 for freedom and human dignity 407 00:21:42,066 --> 00:21:45,366 ever held in the United States. 408 00:21:47,533 --> 00:21:50,033 Finally, less than one year later, 409 00:21:50,066 --> 00:21:51,900 President John F. Kennedy 410 00:21:51,933 --> 00:21:54,800 and the nation's Congress responded. 411 00:21:54,833 --> 00:21:57,066 Now the time has come from this nation 412 00:21:57,100 --> 00:21:59,300 to fulfill its promise. 413 00:21:59,333 --> 00:22:01,933 The events in Birmingham and elsewhere 414 00:22:01,966 --> 00:22:05,300 have so increased the cries for equality 415 00:22:05,333 --> 00:22:09,100 that no city or state or legislative body 416 00:22:09,133 --> 00:22:11,200 can prudently choose to ignore them. 417 00:22:11,233 --> 00:22:12,366 Next week, 418 00:22:12,400 --> 00:22:14,833 I shall ask the Congress of the United States to act. 419 00:22:14,866 --> 00:22:16,833 Before this proposed legislation 420 00:22:16,866 --> 00:22:18,300 would be signed into law, 421 00:22:19,566 --> 00:22:22,400 President Kennedy was assassinated. 422 00:22:22,433 --> 00:22:27,433 The greatest leader of our time has been struck down 423 00:22:29,666 --> 00:22:33,933 by the foulest deed of our time. 424 00:22:33,966 --> 00:22:38,166 July 2nd, 1964, AD was by his brother's side 425 00:22:38,200 --> 00:22:41,433 as newly sworn in President Lyndon Baines Johnson 426 00:22:41,466 --> 00:22:44,400 signs the Civil rights bill Keeping Kennedy's promise. 427 00:22:44,433 --> 00:22:47,666 We must not approach the observance 428 00:22:47,700 --> 00:22:51,433 and enforcement of this law in a vengeful spirit. 429 00:22:52,866 --> 00:22:54,900 Its purpose is not to punish. 430 00:22:56,333 --> 00:23:00,300 Its purpose is not to divide but to end divisions, 431 00:23:01,333 --> 00:23:03,866 divisions which have lasted all too long. 432 00:23:03,900 --> 00:23:07,266 1965, AD moves his family to Louisville, 433 00:23:07,300 --> 00:23:10,466 Kentucky to pastor Zion Baptist Church. 434 00:23:10,500 --> 00:23:13,933 In 1965, Reverend AD Williams King, 435 00:23:13,966 --> 00:23:16,000 Dr. King Martin's brother, 436 00:23:16,033 --> 00:23:21,033 he called a meeting of black preachers, and he invited me, 437 00:23:22,866 --> 00:23:27,266 and that's when he asked us to organize, 438 00:23:27,300 --> 00:23:31,566 to join SCLC, Southern Christian, Dr. King's group. 439 00:23:32,466 --> 00:23:34,066 The focus of the new chapter 440 00:23:34,100 --> 00:23:37,500 of SCLC would be open housing. 441 00:23:37,533 --> 00:23:41,266 I know the housing efforts that we have here 442 00:23:41,300 --> 00:23:44,333 in the country today, the integration of housing, 443 00:23:44,366 --> 00:23:47,533 people could go live where they want, that was AD's baby. 444 00:23:47,566 --> 00:23:48,933 After years of meeting 445 00:23:48,966 --> 00:23:51,200 and negotiating with city leaders, 446 00:23:51,233 --> 00:23:54,066 AD and members of the SCLC took to the streets, 447 00:23:54,100 --> 00:23:55,833 protesting day and night 448 00:23:55,866 --> 00:23:58,733 at government official homes and offices. 449 00:23:58,766 --> 00:24:02,266 But AD started a movement on open housing in Louisville, 450 00:24:02,300 --> 00:24:06,000 and that movement really is what set up the Chicagos 451 00:24:06,033 --> 00:24:08,600 to do what they had to do on the Philadelphias 452 00:24:08,633 --> 00:24:10,533 and the Clevelands. 453 00:24:10,566 --> 00:24:14,533 More "Unsolved History: Life of a King" when we return. 454 00:24:22,466 --> 00:24:24,366 April 13th, 197, 455 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:27,533 27 marchers were arrested for ignoring a court order 456 00:24:27,566 --> 00:24:29,733 against demonstrating after dark. 457 00:24:29,766 --> 00:24:30,833 In the scuffle, 458 00:24:30,866 --> 00:24:33,900 AD was hit in the eye with a rock and beaten. 459 00:24:33,933 --> 00:24:38,933 We plan to return tonight to the south end 460 00:24:40,566 --> 00:24:44,333 and continue our march nonviolently. 461 00:24:44,366 --> 00:24:46,700 With the story gaining national attention, 462 00:24:46,733 --> 00:24:48,600 Martin Luther King Jr. and members 463 00:24:48,633 --> 00:24:51,933 of the SCLC shifted its resources in support 464 00:24:51,966 --> 00:24:55,000 of the open housing movement in Kentucky. 465 00:24:55,033 --> 00:24:59,533 Dr. King pulled all of the staff outta Chicago. 466 00:24:59,566 --> 00:25:02,333 I was in Chicago working on in the slums, 467 00:25:02,366 --> 00:25:04,633 open housing stuff in Chicago, 468 00:25:04,666 --> 00:25:07,833 but Dr. King pulled all of us into Louisville 469 00:25:07,866 --> 00:25:11,133 to help with that open occupancy march 470 00:25:11,166 --> 00:25:14,666 where we was able to get people that AD had befriended, 471 00:25:14,700 --> 00:25:19,033 like Anne Braden and others there in Louisville, Kentucky, 472 00:25:19,066 --> 00:25:22,200 whites who basically worked hand in hand 473 00:25:22,233 --> 00:25:23,666 with us in the southern city. 474 00:25:24,533 --> 00:25:26,366 AD, being a master strategist, 475 00:25:26,400 --> 00:25:27,966 just needed one big moment 476 00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:30,533 to push the open housing issue over the top, 477 00:25:30,566 --> 00:25:33,133 and with the Kentucky Derby fast approaching, 478 00:25:33,166 --> 00:25:36,266 they set their sights on a major disruption. 479 00:25:36,300 --> 00:25:38,233 Dr. King, did you come to Louisville 480 00:25:38,266 --> 00:25:40,666 to watch the horses run on Saturday? 481 00:25:40,700 --> 00:25:42,633 Well, that has to be determined. 482 00:25:42,666 --> 00:25:45,900 I have not had a chance, as my brother just said, 483 00:25:45,933 --> 00:25:47,466 to meet with the leadership. 484 00:25:47,500 --> 00:25:49,266 After the Ku Klux Klan promised 485 00:25:49,300 --> 00:25:52,833 to combat any disruption of the derby with violence, 486 00:25:52,866 --> 00:25:55,433 the Pegasus Parade traditionally held the day 487 00:25:55,466 --> 00:26:00,566 before the race was canceled for the first time in 55 years. 488 00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:02,400 So you're going ahead with plans for Saturday, 489 00:26:02,433 --> 00:26:03,533 is that right? 490 00:26:03,566 --> 00:26:05,900 This is not good enough to have you cool things off? 491 00:26:05,933 --> 00:26:09,466 So we are continuing as we have planned, yes. 492 00:26:11,133 --> 00:26:12,366 In other words, 493 00:26:12,400 --> 00:26:15,000 physically you would intend to stop the running of the race. 494 00:26:15,933 --> 00:26:21,000 Well, I'm not at liberty to reveal methods at this time. 495 00:26:21,033 --> 00:26:24,133 The next day with the National Guard present, 496 00:26:24,166 --> 00:26:27,266 AD and the SCLC opted for a smaller demonstration 497 00:26:27,300 --> 00:26:31,266 on the day of the derby that did not disrupt the race. 498 00:26:31,300 --> 00:26:33,533 With the two sides at a standoff, 499 00:26:33,566 --> 00:26:36,866 the only way forward was through legislation. 500 00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:41,200 The most important bill that year was time. 501 00:26:42,333 --> 00:26:45,400 Half the Senate was for daylight savings time, 502 00:26:45,433 --> 00:26:48,033 and Tom was for daylight savings time. 503 00:26:48,066 --> 00:26:52,333 The other half was for Central Time, the rural legislators. 504 00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:57,433 He'd asked me, "How you gonna vote on time?" 505 00:26:57,466 --> 00:27:00,300 "Tom, I don't care what time it is." 506 00:27:01,266 --> 00:27:04,100 I said, "You take this roll call sheet, 507 00:27:04,133 --> 00:27:07,000 and everybody you got committed to vote 508 00:27:07,033 --> 00:27:08,800 for daylight savings time, 509 00:27:08,833 --> 00:27:10,900 you get 'em to vote for open housing 510 00:27:10,933 --> 00:27:13,066 when it comes up for a vote." 511 00:27:13,100 --> 00:27:17,533 He said, "What?" I said, "That's the deal." 512 00:27:18,633 --> 00:27:20,766 He snatched it, went off. 513 00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:22,233 About three hours later, he came back. 514 00:27:22,266 --> 00:27:25,200 He said, "Here, here it is." 515 00:27:25,233 --> 00:27:28,533 I said, "Now I'm gonna vote for daylight savings time." 516 00:27:28,566 --> 00:27:30,733 The passage of the open housing ordinance 517 00:27:30,766 --> 00:27:34,400 in Kentucky sparked other states to follow suit. 518 00:27:34,433 --> 00:27:39,200 Next, AD, Martin, and the SCLC set their sights on labor. 519 00:27:39,233 --> 00:27:41,633 Soon they were invited to Memphis 520 00:27:41,666 --> 00:27:45,733 to help sanitation workers already on strike. 521 00:27:45,766 --> 00:27:48,700 He was, you know, with my brother Martin 522 00:27:49,766 --> 00:27:54,766 in Memphis when that tragedy took place. 523 00:27:54,966 --> 00:27:56,166 Martin Luther King Jr. 524 00:27:56,200 --> 00:27:59,200 was assassinated April 4th, 1968. 525 00:27:59,233 --> 00:28:01,366 He was only 39 years old. 526 00:28:01,400 --> 00:28:06,400 Certainly I am sad, saddened by it, but on the other hand, 527 00:28:07,133 --> 00:28:10,700 I am very proud of what they did 528 00:28:10,733 --> 00:28:14,233 because they stood up for what they believed in, 529 00:28:14,266 --> 00:28:16,600 regardless of the outcome. 530 00:28:16,633 --> 00:28:19,066 The nation reacted quickly to the assassination 531 00:28:19,100 --> 00:28:22,466 of MLK and riots swept the United States. 532 00:28:22,500 --> 00:28:24,066 As tension swelled, 533 00:28:24,100 --> 00:28:27,300 the newly sworn in President Lyndon B. Johnson 534 00:28:27,333 --> 00:28:29,733 faced some perilous choices, 535 00:28:29,766 --> 00:28:31,966 as did Martin's brother AD King, 536 00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:36,200 and those choices may have led him to his own demise. 537 00:28:36,233 --> 00:28:39,800 More "Unsolved History: Life of a King" when we return. 538 00:28:41,300 --> 00:28:45,366 He knew more than perhaps he should've known 539 00:28:45,400 --> 00:28:50,400 about his brother's death. He knew what could be ahead, 540 00:28:51,100 --> 00:28:52,700 but it never made him stop. 541 00:28:59,333 --> 00:29:02,433 Welcome back to "Unsolved History: Life of a King." 542 00:29:02,466 --> 00:29:05,566 After Martin's assassination at the Lorraine Motel, 543 00:29:05,600 --> 00:29:07,933 there was a massive public outcry, 544 00:29:07,966 --> 00:29:10,766 angry protests, tears, and riots. 545 00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:13,800 The newly sworn in President LBJ reacted 546 00:29:13,833 --> 00:29:18,000 to the black community by exercising his political capital, 547 00:29:18,033 --> 00:29:21,000 urging Congress to pass the Fair Housing Act. 548 00:29:21,033 --> 00:29:23,000 I signed a message to the Congress. 549 00:29:23,033 --> 00:29:27,366 That message called for the enactment, and I quote, 550 00:29:27,400 --> 00:29:30,366 "of the first effective federal law 551 00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:33,466 against discrimination in the sale 552 00:29:33,500 --> 00:29:38,033 and the rental of housing in the United States of America." 553 00:29:38,066 --> 00:29:40,100 If civil rights and voting rights 554 00:29:40,133 --> 00:29:42,066 were Martin Luther King's legacy, 555 00:29:42,100 --> 00:29:46,566 housing rights would be the legacy of Alfred Daniel King. 556 00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:49,333 Apparent victory for the Civil rights movement 557 00:29:49,366 --> 00:29:52,300 while Martin's killer still roamed free. 558 00:29:54,166 --> 00:29:57,566 June 8th, 1968, James Earl Rey is captured 559 00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:00,566 in London after two months on the run. 560 00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:04,000 How could James Earl Ray, who was an itinerant crook, 561 00:30:04,033 --> 00:30:08,166 never had much money, could arrange to kill King 562 00:30:09,766 --> 00:30:11,700 and then somehow or another have the resources 563 00:30:11,733 --> 00:30:14,666 to get outta Memphis, get into Canada, 564 00:30:14,700 --> 00:30:17,733 all the way over to Britain without any money 565 00:30:17,766 --> 00:30:18,733 and help from anybody? 566 00:30:18,766 --> 00:30:20,200 I mean, how do you get out of Memphis? 567 00:30:20,233 --> 00:30:22,200 It had to be a private plane somewhere. 568 00:30:23,133 --> 00:30:26,066 AD was not accepting of the lone gunman narrative 569 00:30:26,100 --> 00:30:27,500 in Martin's murder. 570 00:30:28,900 --> 00:30:33,433 Sensing a larger conspiracy at hand, AD began to dig, 571 00:30:33,466 --> 00:30:37,700 and what he found may have gotten him killed. 572 00:30:41,766 --> 00:30:44,366 AD was determined to get to the bottom 573 00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:47,100 of who killed his brother, that he, one, 574 00:30:47,133 --> 00:30:50,900 was unhappy what he had learned about his brother's death. 575 00:30:50,933 --> 00:30:55,033 He knew more than perhaps he should've known 576 00:30:55,066 --> 00:30:57,766 about his brother's death and was determined 577 00:30:57,800 --> 00:31:00,700 to try to keep the issue alive. 578 00:31:00,733 --> 00:31:03,400 My father loved his brother, 579 00:31:03,433 --> 00:31:06,600 and he supported him fully in everything. 580 00:31:06,633 --> 00:31:09,366 They did everything together, 581 00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:13,166 and so I believe that my father knew, "I'm with my brother. 582 00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:17,766 We started this together and it will end with us." 583 00:31:17,800 --> 00:31:18,700 Do you have any indication 584 00:31:18,733 --> 00:31:21,100 that you might take a more active role 585 00:31:21,133 --> 00:31:23,433 in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference 586 00:31:23,466 --> 00:31:25,600 since the death of MLK? Well, definitely yes. 587 00:31:25,633 --> 00:31:27,766 Well, if both brothers look alike, 588 00:31:27,800 --> 00:31:30,133 sound alike, have the same message, 589 00:31:30,166 --> 00:31:33,000 if one is taken away, you can't leave the other. 590 00:31:33,033 --> 00:31:34,666 That was exactly what happened 591 00:31:34,700 --> 00:31:37,866 with President John Kennedy and Bobby Kennedy, 592 00:31:37,900 --> 00:31:42,900 and he knew what could be ahead, but it never made him stop. 593 00:31:44,500 --> 00:31:47,600 The Southern Christian Leadership Conference 594 00:31:47,633 --> 00:31:50,766 was not just one man, my brother. 595 00:31:50,800 --> 00:31:54,000 It is a group made up of many people. 596 00:31:54,033 --> 00:31:56,800 August 26th, 1968, 597 00:31:56,833 --> 00:32:00,733 AD's church, Zion Baptist, was bombed in Louisville. 598 00:32:00,766 --> 00:32:03,500 Fortunately, no one was hurt. 599 00:32:03,533 --> 00:32:06,400 Well, I've talked with the officers of my church 600 00:32:06,433 --> 00:32:11,433 and also the director of safety of the City of Louisville, 601 00:32:12,433 --> 00:32:17,400 and I understand that it was some pretty bad damage. 602 00:32:18,500 --> 00:32:20,800 By the fall of 1968, 603 00:32:20,833 --> 00:32:22,700 AD would leave Louisville to return 604 00:32:22,733 --> 00:32:24,933 to co-pastor Ebenezer Baptist Church 605 00:32:24,966 --> 00:32:27,933 with his father Martin Luther King Sr. 606 00:32:27,966 --> 00:32:32,733 I think AD really never quite got over his brother's death 607 00:32:32,766 --> 00:32:35,266 and neither did his father, 608 00:32:36,500 --> 00:32:40,166 and even though AD came on to be the associate pastor 609 00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:44,833 at Ebenezer and was a very good preacher, 610 00:32:46,300 --> 00:32:50,833 it was hard for them to get over the death of Martin. 611 00:32:50,866 --> 00:32:52,233 And then shortly after that, 612 00:32:52,266 --> 00:32:55,333 his mother was killed while she 613 00:32:55,366 --> 00:33:00,133 was playing the Lord's Prayer in church on Sunday morning. 614 00:33:00,166 --> 00:33:05,166 So the tragedy of the family is just overwhelming. 615 00:33:05,900 --> 00:33:09,733 On July 1969, AD would walk his daughter 616 00:33:09,766 --> 00:33:12,300 down the aisle on her wedding day, 617 00:33:12,333 --> 00:33:16,700 unaware that this family gathering would be his last. 618 00:33:16,733 --> 00:33:19,233 I had been married for almost a week. 619 00:33:19,266 --> 00:33:22,866 My dad walked me down the aisle as a young bride, 620 00:33:22,900 --> 00:33:26,300 and it was a special time because it was in the midst 621 00:33:26,333 --> 00:33:29,033 of the tumult of the civil rights movement. 622 00:33:29,066 --> 00:33:31,933 And I heard my father on the phone and he says, 623 00:33:31,966 --> 00:33:34,433 "I don't care what you say. 624 00:33:34,466 --> 00:33:35,700 You killed my brother, 625 00:33:35,733 --> 00:33:39,100 and I'm not gonna rest until that is proven." 626 00:33:39,133 --> 00:33:40,466 It was that type of conversation. 627 00:33:40,500 --> 00:33:41,900 He was talking on the phone. 628 00:33:41,933 --> 00:33:43,933 Now we have become accustomed 629 00:33:43,966 --> 00:33:45,866 in our family to the phone ringing, 630 00:33:45,900 --> 00:33:48,333 and we were having death threats and all of that. 631 00:33:48,366 --> 00:33:51,600 Our home had been bombed even in 1963 in Birmingham, 632 00:33:51,633 --> 00:33:55,233 Alabama, so I was accustomed to rough telephone calls, 633 00:33:55,266 --> 00:33:57,033 but that one was a little different 634 00:33:57,066 --> 00:34:00,166 because Daddy was very confrontational with that person, 635 00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:01,566 is, "You killed my brother, 636 00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:04,600 and I won't rest until the truth is told." 637 00:34:05,466 --> 00:34:07,300 The evening of July the 20th, 638 00:34:07,333 --> 00:34:10,533 we was laughing and watching TV, and I went to sleep. 639 00:34:13,166 --> 00:34:15,666 Don't remember what time it was, late in the evening. 640 00:34:15,700 --> 00:34:19,300 More "Unsolved History: Life of a King" when we return. 641 00:34:23,066 --> 00:34:26,800 July 21st, 1969 as the nation awoke 642 00:34:26,833 --> 00:34:29,566 to the news of the Apollo 11 moon landing. 643 00:34:30,933 --> 00:34:33,833 It's one small step for man, 644 00:34:33,866 --> 00:34:37,600 one giant leap for mankind. I woke up the next morning, 645 00:34:37,633 --> 00:34:40,233 he was in the bottom of a swimming pool. 646 00:34:40,266 --> 00:34:42,400 Alfred Daniel King was pronounced dead 647 00:34:42,433 --> 00:34:44,800 in the backyard of his Atlanta home. 648 00:34:44,833 --> 00:34:46,200 I was there on the scene 649 00:34:46,233 --> 00:34:48,966 when they pulled him outta the pool. 650 00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:53,400 He was doubled up in the fetal position 651 00:34:54,566 --> 00:34:57,466 with some bruises around his abdomen. 652 00:34:57,500 --> 00:35:01,266 I heard the EMT said, "There's no water in his lungs. 653 00:35:01,300 --> 00:35:03,433 This man was dead before he hit the water." 654 00:35:05,300 --> 00:35:07,333 I know what I saw and I know what I heard. 655 00:35:07,366 --> 00:35:09,366 At the time, his wife, Naomi King, 656 00:35:09,400 --> 00:35:11,433 was on vacation with Coretta Scott. 657 00:35:11,466 --> 00:35:14,400 We were in Jamaica at the time on vacation 658 00:35:14,433 --> 00:35:17,233 with Coretta and two of her children, 659 00:35:17,266 --> 00:35:19,633 and my husband and two of our children were there. 660 00:35:19,666 --> 00:35:22,200 So he had to leave to come back 661 00:35:22,233 --> 00:35:24,966 to Atlanta for church participation. 662 00:35:26,366 --> 00:35:27,200 Family friends 663 00:35:27,233 --> 00:35:30,333 and SCLC President Ralph Abernathy came 664 00:35:30,366 --> 00:35:31,766 to support the family. 665 00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:36,800 Ah, it's just tragic that this family has had 666 00:35:37,266 --> 00:35:41,500 to undergo so much within the last few months. 667 00:35:41,533 --> 00:35:43,933 Along with Dr. Ralph Abernathy, 668 00:35:43,966 --> 00:35:46,500 Reverend AD King was carrying on the work 669 00:35:46,533 --> 00:35:48,400 of Martin Luther King Jr. 670 00:35:48,433 --> 00:35:50,866 AD King was behind the scenes for the most part, 671 00:35:50,900 --> 00:35:52,500 but he was important to the movement, 672 00:35:52,533 --> 00:35:54,800 partly as a symbol of continuity. 673 00:35:54,833 --> 00:35:57,466 Now he is gone and there are no more sons 674 00:35:57,500 --> 00:36:00,566 of Martin Luther King Sr. to carry on his work. 675 00:36:00,600 --> 00:36:02,800 As news spread of AD's death, 676 00:36:02,833 --> 00:36:06,433 all official reports stated he drowned in his swimming pool 677 00:36:06,466 --> 00:36:08,466 and that there was no foul play. 678 00:36:09,466 --> 00:36:11,400 It certainly was suspicious circumstances 679 00:36:11,433 --> 00:36:15,433 around him when you consider that the next door neighbors 680 00:36:15,466 --> 00:36:18,100 who at that time were white suddenly disappeared. 681 00:36:19,766 --> 00:36:23,066 I tend to not think that my uncle drowned 682 00:36:23,100 --> 00:36:24,533 on his own in his own pool. 683 00:36:24,566 --> 00:36:26,533 I mean, he was a very good swimmer. 684 00:36:26,566 --> 00:36:27,866 The state of AD's body 685 00:36:27,900 --> 00:36:31,300 would become the only evidence to counter that theory. 686 00:36:31,333 --> 00:36:34,666 Unfortunately, no autopsy was ever done. 687 00:36:34,700 --> 00:36:37,733 I met an investigative reporter, Jeff Prue, 688 00:36:37,766 --> 00:36:39,966 and Jeff was outta California at the time, 689 00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:42,733 but he came to Atlanta after the funeral, 690 00:36:42,766 --> 00:36:44,200 after Daddy passed away, 691 00:36:44,233 --> 00:36:46,233 and we tried to get the records of the death, 692 00:36:46,266 --> 00:36:47,733 the records from the coroner, 693 00:36:47,766 --> 00:36:50,833 and we tried for months to get him and we got the runaround. 694 00:36:50,866 --> 00:36:54,533 "Oh, the coroner didn't have time to write everything down. 695 00:36:54,566 --> 00:36:55,633 He was used to keeping things 696 00:36:55,666 --> 00:36:58,433 in his mind and now he's dead," or, 697 00:36:58,466 --> 00:37:00,833 "It should be on microfiche, but we can't find it." 698 00:37:00,866 --> 00:37:03,766 We had just a runaround for months, 699 00:37:03,800 --> 00:37:06,400 and so we were never able to get the records. 700 00:37:06,433 --> 00:37:09,166 I think that people didn't wanna know the truth 701 00:37:10,300 --> 00:37:11,633 as they didn't want to know the truth 702 00:37:11,666 --> 00:37:12,933 about Martin Luther King. 703 00:37:13,933 --> 00:37:18,333 There was a investigation in the Martin's passing really 704 00:37:18,366 --> 00:37:21,166 was never much of an investigation. 705 00:37:21,200 --> 00:37:24,566 Questions that have been unanswered 706 00:37:24,600 --> 00:37:27,566 to this day that most people have forgotten, 707 00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:32,100 but I will always have that suspicion in the back of my mind 708 00:37:32,133 --> 00:37:37,133 that AD went to the Lord just like his mom 709 00:37:37,466 --> 00:37:41,766 and just like his brother, with somebody else's involvement. 710 00:37:41,800 --> 00:37:43,766 When you get farther away from it, 711 00:37:43,800 --> 00:37:46,733 you begin to ask questions, 712 00:37:46,766 --> 00:37:50,200 but we don't have any definitive answers 713 00:37:51,633 --> 00:37:53,733 and perhaps never will. 714 00:37:53,766 --> 00:37:58,733 It sounds to me as though it requires some looking into 715 00:37:58,766 --> 00:38:01,700 and some investigation because the man 716 00:38:01,733 --> 00:38:05,866 was all of a sudden found dead lying in the swimming pool. 717 00:38:05,900 --> 00:38:08,333 That whole thing is very, very strange. 718 00:38:09,300 --> 00:38:13,600 I would urge AD Williams' family to think 719 00:38:13,633 --> 00:38:17,100 about seriously exhuming the body 720 00:38:17,133 --> 00:38:19,033 and trying to get the truth out of it. 721 00:38:19,066 --> 00:38:21,133 The technology today is such that I think a lot 722 00:38:21,166 --> 00:38:24,366 of information can still be made available. 723 00:38:24,400 --> 00:38:27,266 With all the mysteries surrounding AD's death, 724 00:38:27,300 --> 00:38:30,533 will his family seek to open an investigation 725 00:38:30,566 --> 00:38:33,466 or leave the puzzle of his passing unfinished? 726 00:38:33,500 --> 00:38:37,066 More "Unsolved History: Life of a King" when we return. 727 00:38:39,733 --> 00:38:42,166 And that I'd have to have somebody 728 00:38:42,200 --> 00:38:44,766 who was willing to do work on my behalf, 729 00:38:44,800 --> 00:38:48,166 somebody who was willing to stand up to the horses 730 00:38:48,200 --> 00:38:50,600 and the teargas in the Billy Clubs! 731 00:38:57,733 --> 00:39:00,733 Welcome back to "Unsolved History: Life of a King." 732 00:39:00,766 --> 00:39:02,866 When Alfred Daniel King died, 733 00:39:02,900 --> 00:39:06,233 the same media and press the movement used so effectively 734 00:39:06,266 --> 00:39:08,533 to get attention for their civil rights movement 735 00:39:08,566 --> 00:39:11,700 in the past barely covered the story. 736 00:39:11,733 --> 00:39:14,500 Was this by design or pure coincidence? 737 00:39:14,533 --> 00:39:18,500 AD would die on the same day of the moon landing, 738 00:39:18,533 --> 00:39:21,966 the one day that all Americans were looking to the stars 739 00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:25,333 and nothing on earth would make a blip in the news, 740 00:39:25,366 --> 00:39:27,800 making the King family's greatest weapon, 741 00:39:27,833 --> 00:39:29,233 freedom of the press, 742 00:39:29,266 --> 00:39:32,400 powerless on a day they needed it most, 743 00:39:32,433 --> 00:39:37,266 crushing the legacy of AD King in the process. 744 00:39:37,300 --> 00:39:38,733 My heart bleeds 745 00:39:38,766 --> 00:39:43,000 because my illustrious husband is not here, 746 00:39:43,033 --> 00:39:48,033 and all of the causes that he gave his life for, 747 00:39:48,500 --> 00:39:53,433 his belief, his hard work that he indulged in, 748 00:39:53,466 --> 00:39:58,466 and not to be able to have any acclaim 749 00:39:58,933 --> 00:40:02,600 to all of the hard work that he has done and put forth 750 00:40:02,633 --> 00:40:06,033 and to be back at this point now without him, 751 00:40:06,066 --> 00:40:07,900 I feel a terrible injustice that he 752 00:40:07,933 --> 00:40:11,100 is not here to get his dues, his props. 753 00:40:11,133 --> 00:40:15,900 What happened to AD is not unusual. 754 00:40:15,933 --> 00:40:19,900 We lived in a symbolist society, okay? Symbols. 755 00:40:21,100 --> 00:40:26,100 Martin King punched all the buttons until he was shot. 756 00:40:27,433 --> 00:40:28,800 That made him immortal. 757 00:40:28,833 --> 00:40:33,800 People unfortunately try to compare one with another, 758 00:40:34,433 --> 00:40:36,666 and that's unfair. 759 00:40:37,500 --> 00:40:41,300 AD made great contribution in his own way, 760 00:40:41,333 --> 00:40:45,066 and he should not be compared to his brother. 761 00:40:47,866 --> 00:40:50,000 Although the contributions of AD King 762 00:40:50,033 --> 00:40:52,800 are not as well known as his brother Martin, 763 00:40:52,833 --> 00:40:55,500 his legacy will not be forgotten. 764 00:40:55,533 --> 00:40:57,500 Well, I think the most important thing 765 00:40:57,533 --> 00:41:02,533 is the housing piece that we have today, integration. 766 00:41:02,733 --> 00:41:05,200 Folk can live where they wanna live. 767 00:41:05,233 --> 00:41:08,566 Had that not ever been an AD doing that in Louisville, 768 00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:11,466 Kentucky, leading that movement, getting beat up, 769 00:41:11,500 --> 00:41:13,800 we wouldn't have open housing today, 770 00:41:13,833 --> 00:41:16,866 and other pieces, the Breadbasket movement 771 00:41:16,900 --> 00:41:19,800 that Dr. King started here in Atlanta, 772 00:41:19,833 --> 00:41:22,333 had it not been for AD and Fred Bennett, 773 00:41:22,366 --> 00:41:24,833 all of those preachers from across the world 774 00:41:24,866 --> 00:41:26,033 wouldn't have never got together 775 00:41:26,066 --> 00:41:28,433 to integrate a lot of these businesses. 776 00:41:28,466 --> 00:41:30,566 Coca-Cola wouldn't be what it is today 777 00:41:30,600 --> 00:41:33,466 had it not been for people like AD and Fred Bennett. 778 00:41:33,500 --> 00:41:35,266 Operation Breadbasket was one 779 00:41:35,300 --> 00:41:39,333 of many departments formed by the board members of SCLC. 780 00:41:39,366 --> 00:41:42,000 While operated by Fred Bennett, 781 00:41:42,033 --> 00:41:44,466 AD was behind much of the strategy. 782 00:41:44,500 --> 00:41:45,966 We boycotted a lot. 783 00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:48,166 So if you couldn't buy from a colored vendor, 784 00:41:48,200 --> 00:41:50,733 you bought no gifts, no presents. 785 00:41:50,766 --> 00:41:53,300 There were seasons when if you could not buy your food 786 00:41:53,333 --> 00:41:56,733 from a colored vendor, then you bought no food. 787 00:41:56,766 --> 00:42:00,233 Those guys went to A& and told A&P, 788 00:42:00,266 --> 00:42:01,966 "If you don't give us jobs, 789 00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:04,166 then we gonna go somewhere else and start shopping." 790 00:42:04,200 --> 00:42:06,833 These companies didn't just get kind and good. 791 00:42:06,866 --> 00:42:08,866 It was folk like AD and Bennett 792 00:42:08,900 --> 00:42:11,033 and those other preachers who brought that together, 793 00:42:11,066 --> 00:42:13,433 and that's the best thing that folk need to know. 794 00:42:13,466 --> 00:42:14,533 I think about AD. 795 00:42:17,433 --> 00:42:19,533 The SCLC is now made up 796 00:42:19,566 --> 00:42:22,800 of chapters and affiliate programs all over the nation, 797 00:42:23,900 --> 00:42:26,900 expanding on the life's work of Martin Luther King Jr. 798 00:42:26,933 --> 00:42:29,966 and his brother, Alfred Daniel Williams King. 799 00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:35,933 The work of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference 800 00:42:35,966 --> 00:42:37,300 will never be over. 801 00:42:38,133 --> 00:42:42,933 In my book, I was saying that I hope that, 802 00:42:43,866 --> 00:42:47,866 because I got beat up and went to jail once or twice, 803 00:42:47,900 --> 00:42:50,366 that my children wouldn't have to, 804 00:42:51,200 --> 00:42:54,333 and then I stopped and I said, "No, that's wrong." 805 00:42:54,366 --> 00:42:56,533 I said, "I hope they don't have to go to jail 806 00:42:56,566 --> 00:42:59,633 for the same things I did, but I hope they 807 00:42:59,666 --> 00:43:02,633 will always find something for which to fight." 808 00:43:04,033 --> 00:43:06,066 You know, I was down in Selma, Alabama, 809 00:43:06,100 --> 00:43:08,233 celebrating the 42nd anniversary of the march 810 00:43:08,266 --> 00:43:10,933 across the Edmund Pettus Bridge, 811 00:43:10,966 --> 00:43:15,166 and I was surrounded by folks whose names 812 00:43:15,200 --> 00:43:16,866 aren't always in the history books. 813 00:43:16,900 --> 00:43:18,000 Amen! 814 00:43:18,033 --> 00:43:19,700 I was reminded that they had marched for me. 815 00:43:19,733 --> 00:43:21,433 They didn't know me. 816 00:43:21,466 --> 00:43:24,233 I was only four years old at the time. 817 00:43:25,700 --> 00:43:28,433 They didn't know who I was individually, 818 00:43:28,466 --> 00:43:31,000 but they understood that there would be somebody 819 00:43:31,033 --> 00:43:33,000 like me coming along, 820 00:43:33,033 --> 00:43:35,866 that I might wanna do something with my life, 821 00:43:35,900 --> 00:43:38,000 that I might wanna be a lawyer, 822 00:43:38,033 --> 00:43:39,833 that I might wanna be a law professor, 823 00:43:39,866 --> 00:43:43,300 that I might wanna run for the United States Senate. 824 00:43:43,333 --> 00:43:45,600 I might even wanna run for president, 825 00:43:45,633 --> 00:43:48,033 and that I'd have to have somebody 826 00:43:48,066 --> 00:43:50,600 who was willing to do work on my behalf, 827 00:43:50,633 --> 00:43:53,300 somebody who was willing to stand up 828 00:43:53,333 --> 00:43:56,333 to the horses and the teargas and the Billy Clubs! 829 00:43:58,300 --> 00:44:00,600 Although AD's death is still a mystery 830 00:44:01,733 --> 00:44:03,766 and Martin Luther King's assassination 831 00:44:03,800 --> 00:44:05,566 is shrouded in conspiracy, 832 00:44:07,633 --> 00:44:12,233 their contributions to this nation will never be forgotten. 833 00:44:12,266 --> 00:44:13,366 I'm Ed Gordon, 834 00:44:13,400 --> 00:44:16,733 and that's all for this edition of "Unsolved History." 835 00:44:30,400 --> 00:44:33,500 As we pledge ourselves to eternal vigilance 836 00:44:33,533 --> 00:44:37,966 of our just cause, let us establish the militancy 837 00:44:38,000 --> 00:44:41,700 in Martin Luther King's words, and I quote, 838 00:44:41,733 --> 00:44:46,433 "Some of you have knives, some of you have guns, 839 00:44:46,466 --> 00:44:48,700 and I ask you to put them up. 840 00:44:48,733 --> 00:44:52,200 Some of you have arms, and I ask you to put them up. 841 00:44:52,233 --> 00:44:54,800 Get the weapon of nonviolence, 842 00:44:54,833 --> 00:44:57,100 the breast plates through righteousness, 843 00:44:57,133 --> 00:45:00,733 the armor of truth, and just keep marching." 64245

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