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could this relic from the Ancient Near
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East actually generate electricity
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1,700 years before they were even invented
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why is this 3000 year old
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Egyptian mummy screaming
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it fits is this person was
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denied the afterlife this was
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a big deal
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and who owned this medieval
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iron prosthesis
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remote trainer for To the untrained eye
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it looks like a piece of armor but it
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is much more than that and it can also do
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more
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[Music]
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fascinating mysterious objects
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[Music]
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long hidden in museums, laboratories and
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archives
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[Music]
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we can use the most modern technology to
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reveal their secrets
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you can recreate
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disassemble
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and enlarge
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and thus
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reveal the forgotten hidden and bizarre
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these are the strangest things in the world
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[music]
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[music]
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this 2000 year old artifact is
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the only one of its kind in the world
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since its excavation in Baghdad in 1936,
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the vessel has been considered one of the
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most enigmatic Finds of all time for
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almost 70 years it was kept in an
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Iraqi museum now
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it has disappeared
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in 2003 during the Iraq War the
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National Museum in Baghdad was looted
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since then it has been lost
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based on the available data we have
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reconstructed it
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[music]
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with a height of just 14
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centimeters, at first glance it looks
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like an ancient, dusty
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clay jug inside, but something
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fascinating comes to light: a
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copper pipe and an iron town
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[music]
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the archaeologist who once found the object,
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this combination reminded the archaeologist who once found the object of
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something not ancient but something very
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modern,
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the best thing It could be some kind of
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battery
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sounds pretty crazy when you
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consider that the thing is 2000 years old.
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After all, the history books say
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that the battery was invented in 1800,
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1700 years before they were even invented.
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No other vessel of this type is
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ever found.
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What is the purpose of it? served and could it
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really have been an electrical storage device
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how does an archaeologist even come up with
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the idea that it could be a battery
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when we interpret the past
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we tend to apply our
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own frame of reference to age
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ordinary construction reminds someone of
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a battery
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[music]
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others Experts, on the other hand, have
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questioned the idea. As an archaeologist,
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I would check whether this view
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holds up and, if necessary, reject it
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[music]
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the first question is: could the
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jug even function as a battery?
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a battery consists of
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three main components two electrodes made
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of metal anode and cathode and the
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substance in between the electrolytes
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this substance allows
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charged particles to move back and forth
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between the electrodes a battery
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usually contains acidic liquid
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the copper and iron in the ancient
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vessel look
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amazingly similar to modern electrodes there is not the only
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parallel
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containing solution and that the
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electrodes are rusted exactly That's what
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we would expect inside a battery
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[music]
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so all the necessary components are
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there but can this clay jar
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actually generate electricity?
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Scientists are doing the test
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a reconstruction
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of its composition automatically
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becomes a battery. That's really cool. So it
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actually seems to be an
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ancient battery to act but should
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it ever generate electricity or was it
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just a coincidence in the end
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in the third century the region of
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Mesopotamia is rich in Sassanids,
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the culture of which is very progressive to everyone,
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the capital of is a huge
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metropolis with up to half a
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million inhabitants
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from the The old gtsyphon is also where the
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big arch at the gates of Bagger comes from. The
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Sascha Nieden were a highly developed
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society with clever engineers.
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If someone can develop a battery in this era,
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then the Nieten
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University built one of the first
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universities, an ancient school
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that learned from India, from Rome and from
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the Greek world
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have created the mysterious object
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what it was good for a theory says
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that the electrical charge
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was used to coat metal
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you metal objects that you want to coat with a
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precious material in
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a vat with chemicals that
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contain gold for example
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[music]
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if electricity As the solution flows through this solution,
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the gold atoms stick to the
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metal objects. In the end you have
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a thin layer of gold on the
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surface
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with gold-coated objects. There were
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enough gold-coated objects at that time,
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which was often done with objects made of
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silver or other metals.
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Gold was valuable, sought after and expensive, and
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were coated with it they
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seemed more noble than they actually were,
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unfortunately this theory has a catch
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for the gold coating, a
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whole series of batteries would have been needed but
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only one was found
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and there is something else that speaks against the
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satanids. There was a
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well-known and much
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simpler process that
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could be used for fire gilding
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Coat metal objects just as well. You make an
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alloy of gold and mercury,
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apply the dough-like mass to the
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metal surface and heat it,
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the mercury evaporates in the air
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and the gold remains on the surface, an
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extremely dangerous and
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harmful process, but that
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was back then probably not known
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the gold coating theory is
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therefore ruled out but there are other
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assumptions: the ancient battery could have been
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used for obstetrics
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someone suggested that the device was
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used in a type of electrotherapy
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the electric shocks were supposed to help
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relieve the pain during childbirth
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this technique is used today
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Surprisingly, this use
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of electricity was not a new idea back then.
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Greek texts already mention that
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electricity generated by animals
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can be used to treat pain.
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So it could have been a kind of pioneer for
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such a battery There is no
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shortage of painkillers in the world.
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Almost 2000 years before the jar
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was created, the
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use of painkillers was already discussed in documents.
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They were probably comparable to opium or
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cannabis. The medicinal
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use of plants had long been common practice in this part of
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the world,
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so the jar was probably not there Miracle
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painkillers still remains the magic
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perhaps the thing was used in religious
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magic tricks it
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may have reacted to touch and
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then delivered a blow to someone
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something like that made an impression and was
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not uncommon in the ancient world the engine
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was widespread at the time there were
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several religions in the Various
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gods were worshiped in the region.
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The followers of
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Zoroastrianism, for example, have fire and
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smoke. It is
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quite possible that they used the device
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to produce fire and smoke.
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Unfortunately, there are archaeological
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finds and records that
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confirm or refute this assumption, as
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can the other battery theories
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These are not really convincing,
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the mysterious jug in the end is
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not a battery at all,
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the shape of the battery is not
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unusual, a completely normal, simply
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decorated vessel in such
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vases or jugs, scrolls were often permanently
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stored,
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but if there were only scrolls in them,
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where did the acid residue come from,
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why the copper pipe and the iron rod
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a plausible theory must explain the function
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of all four key elements
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inside there was a liquid
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around it was the outer shell and there
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was the rod and the cylinder made of
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iron and copper you need an
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explanation that brings it all together
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now there is one new approach that
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could solve the mystery
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a new exciting theory about the
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battery says that it could have been used for brewing beer
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when
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fermenting yeast, hydrogen sulfide is released, among other things,
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a
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disgusting smelling substance
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in modern beer production,
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copper barrels are used to remove smell and
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impurities from the beer to
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remove the Baghdad battery could have
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worked similarly
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the hydrogen sulfide can be
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removed from the beer by generating
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electrical voltage via a copper electrode
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the hydrogen sulfide reacts
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with the copper becomes solid and sinks to the
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bottom from where it can be easily
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removed
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was used
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but was beer as Beverage
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widespread enough among the satanids
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here was very popular and has been for
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a long time. We know that beer was brewed in what is now Iraq
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at least from 3500 BC
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[music] had been
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widespread in this part of the world for a long time perhaps it was even the
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people's favorite drink but It was
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also full of impurities
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would have been a useful innovation there are
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still a good 80 years of
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controversy so finally an explanation
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for the strange object
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the Baghdad battery was actually in
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a brewery now beer is acidic that
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would explain the electrolytes the
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connection between copper and Iron creates
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enough voltage to remove the
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hydrogen sulphide from the beer
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and rust is an
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electrode so yes it could have
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worked
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but like all previous theories
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this one also has a catch
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the problem with the brewery theory is
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that the bagdad battery is very small
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if It was used to brown it must have been
292
00:14:14,279 --> 00:14:16,320
the first craft animal in the world.
293
00:14:16,320 --> 00:14:17,240
294
00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:20,060
Nothing can be proven at the moment
295
00:14:20,060 --> 00:14:22,260
because the battery has still
296
00:14:22,260 --> 00:14:24,540
disappeared as long as it doesn't
297
00:14:24,540 --> 00:14:26,579
show up again the new theory cannot
298
00:14:26,579 --> 00:14:29,360
be tested,
299
00:14:33,300 --> 00:14:36,240
so the battery remains
300
00:14:36,240 --> 00:14:38,519
one of the ones until further notice One of the most mysterious
301
00:14:38,519 --> 00:14:41,899
artifacts in the world
302
00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:47,639
in a museum in Cairo lies one of the
303
00:14:47,639 --> 00:14:49,680
strangest Egyptian mummies in
304
00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:51,920
history,
305
00:14:53,040 --> 00:14:55,680
in contrast to thousands of other mummies
306
00:14:55,680 --> 00:14:58,620
that appear calm and peaceful, seem to be
307
00:14:58,620 --> 00:15:02,660
suffering this agony of death.
308
00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:07,920
Now the remains have been meticulously
309
00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:09,920
reconstructed.
310
00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:15,260
This is the screaming mummy,
311
00:15:19,399 --> 00:15:22,440
even the golden earrings that follow which
312
00:15:22,440 --> 00:15:24,600
was lost from the mummy were
313
00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:27,600
digitally recreated they are definitely
314
00:15:27,600 --> 00:15:30,240
not the jewelry of a farmer the
315
00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:33,380
body tells a similar story
316
00:15:33,380 --> 00:15:35,880
[music]
317
00:15:35,880 --> 00:15:38,339
his hair was braided he
318
00:15:38,339 --> 00:15:40,740
applied henna to it that indicates a
319
00:15:40,740 --> 00:15:44,880
higher-ranking man extremely
320
00:15:45,680 --> 00:15:48,360
body, however, bears little resemblance
321
00:15:48,360 --> 00:15:52,459
to other high-ranking mummies
322
00:15:53,300 --> 00:15:56,760
were wrapped high in linen that had
323
00:15:56,760 --> 00:15:59,060
a symbolic meaning
324
00:15:59,060 --> 00:16:00,920
different
325
00:16:00,920 --> 00:16:03,839
hands and feet look like they were
326
00:16:03,839 --> 00:16:06,899
tied why was this Egyptian
327
00:16:06,899 --> 00:16:09,440
buried in such a disturbing way
328
00:16:09,440 --> 00:16:14,399
who is the man and why is he screaming
329
00:16:14,399 --> 00:16:16,380
new scientific analyzes
330
00:16:16,380 --> 00:16:18,240
not only reveal his identity
331
00:16:18,240 --> 00:16:21,120
but bring The truth behind
332
00:16:21,120 --> 00:16:24,500
his demise also comes to light
333
00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:29,880
the screaming mummy is discovered at the end of the 19th
334
00:16:29,880 --> 00:16:32,220
century
335
00:16:32,220 --> 00:16:34,740
near Egypt's legendary Valley
336
00:16:34,740 --> 00:16:39,860
of the Kings and she is not alone
337
00:16:43,579 --> 00:16:46,199
there was a burial chamber with around 40
338
00:16:46,199 --> 00:16:48,860
sarcophagi
339
00:16:57,320 --> 00:16:59,880
suggesting that the mummies were there for a very
340
00:16:59,880 --> 00:17:01,620
specific reason
341
00:17:01,620 --> 00:17:04,100
342
00:17:04,880 --> 00:17:07,619
For example, they were safe from
343
00:17:07,619 --> 00:17:10,159
grave robbers.
344
00:17:11,900 --> 00:17:14,160
The original grave sites of the
345
00:17:14,160 --> 00:17:16,919
pharaohs were widely known, not
346
00:17:16,919 --> 00:17:18,540
least because many people had worked on them.
347
00:17:18,540 --> 00:17:20,599
348
00:17:20,599 --> 00:17:23,400
There may have been priests who
349
00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:25,980
at some point thought it would be safest to
350
00:17:25,980 --> 00:17:30,020
hide the sarcophagi somewhere else and
351
00:17:32,100 --> 00:17:34,380
some of the mummies were real greats
352
00:17:34,380 --> 00:17:36,840
of their time famous historical figures
353
00:17:36,840 --> 00:17:39,919
from ancient Egypt
354
00:17:41,600 --> 00:17:44,880
ruled for more than 60 years and
355
00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:47,340
is considered one of the greatest pharaohs of
356
00:17:47,340 --> 00:17:49,640
ancient Egypt
357
00:17:49,640 --> 00:17:52,860
so not insignificant people but
358
00:17:52,860 --> 00:17:54,840
some of the most important names of their
359
00:17:54,840 --> 00:17:56,900
time
360
00:17:59,039 --> 00:18:00,960
but in one of the concerns archaeologists make
361
00:18:00,960 --> 00:18:05,299
an astonishing Discovery
362
00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:09,240
When they opened the lid of the bag
363
00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:11,460
they were surprised to find the corpse of a young
364
00:18:11,460 --> 00:18:13,679
man with a face distorted in pain. There
365
00:18:13,679 --> 00:18:15,860
366
00:18:17,640 --> 00:18:19,500
is no clue to his
367
00:18:19,500 --> 00:18:21,539
identity. The
368
00:18:21,539 --> 00:18:24,440
archaeologists describe him as an unknown man.
369
00:18:24,440 --> 00:18:27,840
How did he end up in such fun
370
00:18:27,840 --> 00:18:30,120
company?
371
00:18:30,120 --> 00:18:32,220
Forensic analysis leaves the whole thing
372
00:18:32,220 --> 00:18:34,520
at first
373
00:18:34,520 --> 00:18:37,200
The person who is now this mummy appears even more mysterious,
374
00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:40,080
had no calluses, very nice
375
00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:42,299
earrings, the hair was beautifully
376
00:18:42,299 --> 00:18:45,059
prepared and the person was in
377
00:18:45,059 --> 00:18:47,340
good health, so we are
378
00:18:47,340 --> 00:18:49,679
dealing with someone who
379
00:18:49,679 --> 00:18:52,740
comes from a higher class, so not a
380
00:18:52,740 --> 00:18:54,660
man who is responsible for his He had to work for a living,
381
00:18:54,660 --> 00:18:57,419
382
00:18:57,419 --> 00:18:59,760
together with the place where he was found, this suggests
383
00:18:59,760 --> 00:19:01,860
that he belonged to the ruling elite,
384
00:19:01,860 --> 00:19:03,419
385
00:19:03,419 --> 00:19:06,240
but there remains a contradiction.
386
00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:08,820
His wooden day is much simpler than the
387
00:19:08,820 --> 00:19:11,059
other
388
00:19:13,220 --> 00:19:16,620
higher-ranking individuals. He is
389
00:19:16,620 --> 00:19:19,039
not particularly special. The fact
390
00:19:30,299 --> 00:19:33,120
that the name of the dead person is missing is
391
00:19:33,120 --> 00:19:37,220
unusual in aristocratic circles
392
00:19:37,760 --> 00:19:40,260
For the ancient Egyptians, this was no
393
00:19:40,260 --> 00:19:42,020
small matter -
394
00:19:42,020 --> 00:19:44,820
the name was inextricably linked to the body. In the
395
00:19:44,820 --> 00:19:47,419
396
00:19:47,660 --> 00:19:50,460
afterlife, the body had to be intact
397
00:19:50,460 --> 00:19:52,860
and a legible name was just as important. Ancient
398
00:19:52,860 --> 00:19:55,039
399
00:19:56,780 --> 00:19:58,919
Egyptian burials are
400
00:19:58,919 --> 00:20:01,559
designed to facilitate the transition to the realm of the dead,
401
00:20:01,559 --> 00:20:04,280
402
00:20:06,780 --> 00:20:09,419
so the idea at the time was that they could
403
00:20:09,419 --> 00:20:12,419
reach the afterlife in so-called Realms
404
00:20:12,419 --> 00:20:14,820
of rushes comparable to our
405
00:20:14,820 --> 00:20:16,700
heaven or paradise
406
00:20:16,700 --> 00:20:19,679
the nameless sarcophagus sends a
407
00:20:19,679 --> 00:20:22,980
clear message the implication of
408
00:20:22,980 --> 00:20:25,200
ancient Egyptian theology that
409
00:20:25,200 --> 00:20:27,240
it was a big deal if someone
410
00:20:27,240 --> 00:20:30,240
was buried anonymously because that person was
411
00:20:30,240 --> 00:20:32,880
412
00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:35,720
denied the afterlife for all eternity
413
00:20:37,919 --> 00:20:40,260
the other requirement
414
00:20:40,260 --> 00:20:42,600
To successfully travel to the afterlife, mummification
415
00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:45,380
416
00:20:45,500 --> 00:20:48,840
was an extremely complex process.
417
00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:51,000
First, the brain and internal
418
00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:53,400
organs were removed, then the body was
419
00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:57,559
washed and cleaned with salt.
420
00:20:57,900 --> 00:21:00,299
Examination of the corpse apparently
421
00:21:00,299 --> 00:21:03,720
422
00:21:05,900 --> 00:21:08,700
shows something shocking. You can still see that the
423
00:21:08,700 --> 00:21:11,640
brain is still in the mummy's skull is present and
424
00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:13,559
you can't see any scar so that the
425
00:21:13,559 --> 00:21:14,940
heart obviously wasn't removed either -
426
00:21:14,940 --> 00:21:17,940
that's something very unfortunate for a person who once
427
00:21:17,940 --> 00:21:19,679
had a high social status and who was very,
428
00:21:19,679 --> 00:21:21,240
very important -
429
00:21:21,240 --> 00:21:23,340
430
00:21:23,340 --> 00:21:26,220
the material in which the corpse
431
00:21:26,220 --> 00:21:29,360
is oiled falls out of the
432
00:21:30,260 --> 00:21:33,659
ordinary
433
00:21:33,659 --> 00:21:35,960
variant great symbolic meaning
434
00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:39,000
now it is all the more astonishing that
435
00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:40,740
this mummy was not wrapped in linen
436
00:21:40,740 --> 00:21:43,580
but in a sheepskin
437
00:21:43,580 --> 00:21:46,200
that was considered ritually unclean
438
00:21:46,200 --> 00:21:48,480
and completely unsuitable for a
439
00:21:48,480 --> 00:21:49,640
burial
440
00:21:49,640 --> 00:21:52,280
with which one wanted to enter the afterlife.
441
00:21:52,280 --> 00:21:54,960
I already have many mummies But I have
442
00:21:54,960 --> 00:21:57,539
n't seen one that
443
00:21:57,539 --> 00:21:59,640
was wrapped in sheep skin, especially if you know
444
00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:02,039
that sheep are kept as unclean animals,
445
00:22:02,039 --> 00:22:04,080
then that's a serious
446
00:22:04,080 --> 00:22:07,620
insult to that person
447
00:22:07,620 --> 00:22:10,620
448
00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:13,679
449
00:22:13,679 --> 00:22:16,740
450
00:22:16,740 --> 00:22:18,840
Man
451
00:22:18,840 --> 00:22:21,000
deliberately wanted to deny the chance of a
452
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:24,860
continued life in the afterlife
453
00:22:24,980 --> 00:22:27,980
Chance
454
00:22:29,480 --> 00:22:32,760
a member of the elite buried in a
455
00:22:32,760 --> 00:22:34,559
royal
456
00:22:34,559 --> 00:22:37,740
the body treated disrespectfully the
457
00:22:37,740 --> 00:22:41,400
soul condemned to eternal nothingness who is
458
00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:42,130
this man
459
00:22:42,130 --> 00:22:45,199
[music]
460
00:22:45,720 --> 00:22:48,179
the identity of the unknown man e
461
00:22:48,179 --> 00:22:52,260
remains for almost 130 years a mystery
462
00:22:52,260 --> 00:22:55,260
until 21st century forensics
463
00:22:55,260 --> 00:22:58,880
were applied to the corpse.
464
00:22:59,880 --> 00:23:02,760
In the late 2000s, the
465
00:23:02,760 --> 00:23:05,419
Egyptologist Seihaha commissioned a series of
466
00:23:05,419 --> 00:23:09,480
DNA analyzes. The result of the
467
00:23:09,480 --> 00:23:11,280
unknown was the son of one of the
468
00:23:11,280 --> 00:23:14,840
greatest Egyptian pharaohs
469
00:23:16,880 --> 00:23:19,020
in ancient Egyptian history.
470
00:23:19,020 --> 00:23:21,720
He played an important role fought a series of
471
00:23:21,720 --> 00:23:23,880
wars and commissioned important buildings.
472
00:23:23,880 --> 00:23:25,760
473
00:23:25,760 --> 00:23:28,740
For some Egyptologists, he is the
474
00:23:28,740 --> 00:23:32,659
last of the great pharaohs.
475
00:23:33,559 --> 00:23:36,539
If the screaming mummy was the son of a
476
00:23:36,539 --> 00:23:39,900
god king, what did he do to
477
00:23:39,900 --> 00:23:41,700
478
00:23:41,700 --> 00:23:43,620
deserve this terrible fate?
479
00:23:43,620 --> 00:23:46,380
An ancient document preserved 3000 kilometers
480
00:23:46,380 --> 00:23:48,960
away in northern Italy
481
00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:51,960
could provide the answer it is
482
00:23:51,960 --> 00:23:55,400
known as the Turin
483
00:23:55,820 --> 00:23:58,080
court papyrused documents the
484
00:23:58,080 --> 00:24:00,059
trial of a number of high-ranking
485
00:24:00,059 --> 00:24:02,700
nobles accused of a conspiracy
486
00:24:02,700 --> 00:24:06,740
against Ramses the third.
487
00:24:07,940 --> 00:24:10,860
In ancient Egypt, pharaohs could
488
00:24:10,860 --> 00:24:12,740
marry as many women as they wanted.
489
00:24:12,740 --> 00:24:15,360
Among the women there was a hierarchy
490
00:24:15,360 --> 00:24:18,120
of concubines lower end of the
491
00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:20,460
scale and their children had fewer
492
00:24:20,460 --> 00:24:21,440
rights
493
00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:23,880
if they wanted to rise in the rankings
494
00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:26,419
they had to do something about it
495
00:24:26,419 --> 00:24:28,919
the court papyrus mentions a
496
00:24:28,919 --> 00:24:31,740
concubine called Team she had
497
00:24:31,740 --> 00:24:35,600
succeeded in getting a large number of courtiers
498
00:24:38,730 --> 00:24:41,859
[music]
499
00:24:46,090 --> 00:24:49,820
[music] to
500
00:24:49,820 --> 00:24:52,559
conspire in life around her
501
00:24:52,559 --> 00:24:55,380
To make son king this son
502
00:24:55,380 --> 00:24:58,220
will be in the scriptures
503
00:25:01,500 --> 00:25:03,780
an ancient document that tells a dark
504
00:25:03,780 --> 00:25:05,940
story of conspiracy and murder
505
00:25:05,940 --> 00:25:06,919
506
00:25:06,919 --> 00:25:10,200
it could finally bring the identity of the screaming
507
00:25:10,200 --> 00:25:13,080
mummy to light
508
00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:15,780
as we know from the DNA test that he is
509
00:25:15,780 --> 00:25:17,520
a son of ramsystem third party
510
00:25:17,520 --> 00:25:19,260
must act and since we have
511
00:25:19,260 --> 00:25:21,120
also documented this dishonorable burial
512
00:25:21,120 --> 00:25:22,799
there is still a
513
00:25:22,799 --> 00:25:25,260
solution - this is the son
514
00:25:25,260 --> 00:25:28,340
of ramsystem Third Prince
515
00:25:28,340 --> 00:25:30,000
[music]
516
00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:32,820
there is only one catch except on the
517
00:25:32,820 --> 00:25:34,919
papyrus the name pentavirit does not appear
518
00:25:34,919 --> 00:25:38,659
anywhere in ancient Egypt
519
00:25:38,940 --> 00:25:40,279
520
00:25:40,279 --> 00:25:42,539
Penta wasn't his real name at all
521
00:25:42,539 --> 00:25:45,960
but a kind of pseudonym they
522
00:25:45,960 --> 00:25:47,940
used it so that they did
523
00:25:47,940 --> 00:25:50,100
n't have to pronounce his real name, that
524
00:25:50,100 --> 00:25:51,960
would have meant giving life to him.
525
00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:54,320
526
00:25:55,140 --> 00:25:57,480
The screaming mummy could have been at the center of
527
00:25:57,480 --> 00:25:59,460
a treacherous plot,
528
00:25:59,460 --> 00:26:04,220
which seems to have become
529
00:26:07,580 --> 00:26:09,419
Ramses the third
530
00:26:09,419 --> 00:26:11,400
to open the trial and
531
00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:14,340
to preside over it, however, he is referred to as the great
532
00:26:14,340 --> 00:26:16,980
god, a title that is actually reserved
533
00:26:16,980 --> 00:26:20,059
for the deceased, so there is
534
00:26:20,059 --> 00:26:22,740
no clear answer to this
535
00:26:22,740 --> 00:26:24,559
536
00:26:24,559 --> 00:26:29,120
537
00:26:31,860 --> 00:26:34,980
538
00:26:34,980 --> 00:26:36,720
539
00:26:36,720 --> 00:26:40,260
the shocking result he
540
00:26:40,260 --> 00:26:42,179
was murdered
541
00:26:42,179 --> 00:26:44,240
when a CT was done, a
542
00:26:44,240 --> 00:26:46,919
computer tumorography of the
543
00:26:46,919 --> 00:26:48,720
racist's neck, the third one saw that there
544
00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:51,240
was a deep wound under the bandage,
545
00:26:51,240 --> 00:26:53,340
so a deep neck cut that
546
00:26:53,340 --> 00:26:55,500
went down to the spine because you
547
00:26:55,500 --> 00:26:57,480
can't survive that because left and right yes
548
00:26:57,480 --> 00:26:59,100
then being severed and then no
549
00:26:59,100 --> 00:27:00,779
more oxygen can be transported to the brain
550
00:27:00,779 --> 00:27:02,940
means that he
551
00:27:02,940 --> 00:27:06,260
died immediately of this
552
00:27:06,260 --> 00:27:09,419
most dashing man in ancient Egypt he
553
00:27:09,419 --> 00:27:12,860
was undoubtedly closely guarded to kill
554
00:27:18,600 --> 00:27:22,200
someone like his son that the
555
00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:24,120
explanation for Penta would now be eternal
556
00:27:24,120 --> 00:27:26,600
damnation
557
00:27:28,039 --> 00:27:30,600
the most heinous
558
00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:33,860
crime of all that
559
00:27:33,860 --> 00:27:36,240
the conspirators were found guilty
560
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:38,460
and sentenced to harsh punishments
561
00:27:38,460 --> 00:27:40,940
562
00:27:44,600 --> 00:27:47,460
from cutting off the nose and ears
563
00:27:47,460 --> 00:27:50,400
to execution some members
564
00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:52,679
of the royal family were ordered to commit
565
00:27:52,679 --> 00:27:55,220
suicide
566
00:27:55,860 --> 00:27:57,659
is also the fate of the
567
00:27:57,659 --> 00:27:59,760
screaming mummy
568
00:27:59,760 --> 00:28:01,440
the corpse contains a final
569
00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:04,080
clue to the You can see indentations on the wrists,
570
00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:06,000
which is of course something
571
00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:07,980
very unusual and especially because
572
00:28:07,980 --> 00:28:10,340
pieces of leather
573
00:28:10,340 --> 00:28:13,380
were found in the coffin or in the grave,
574
00:28:13,380 --> 00:28:14,820
we have to assume that the person
575
00:28:14,820 --> 00:28:17,059
was tied up. The
576
00:28:17,059 --> 00:28:19,679
tied hands indicate that it was
577
00:28:19,679 --> 00:28:21,440
more of an
578
00:28:21,440 --> 00:28:25,580
assisted suicide.
579
00:28:26,580 --> 00:28:28,740
We can know his name and his
580
00:28:28,740 --> 00:28:30,900
fate
581
00:28:30,900 --> 00:28:33,840
but a question remains
582
00:28:33,840 --> 00:28:37,279
why is he screaming
583
00:28:38,460 --> 00:28:40,559
as it turns out he is by
584
00:28:40,559 --> 00:28:43,700
no means alone
585
00:28:46,720 --> 00:28:49,020
[music]
586
00:28:49,020 --> 00:28:51,240
there are screaming mummies all over the world
587
00:28:51,240 --> 00:28:54,000
who stare at people with fearful eyes and
588
00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:56,340
open mouths in
589
00:28:56,340 --> 00:28:59,360
Italy in Central and South America
590
00:28:59,360 --> 00:29:03,600
but is that what it is a scream when
591
00:29:03,600 --> 00:29:05,640
you die, gravity simply pulls
592
00:29:05,640 --> 00:29:08,279
the lower jaw down, the
593
00:29:08,279 --> 00:29:09,840
muscles, the muscle tension relaxes
594
00:29:09,840 --> 00:29:12,120
before rigor mortis
595
00:29:12,120 --> 00:29:13,919
sets in and that's why
596
00:29:13,919 --> 00:29:16,020
almost everyone who dies has an open mouth
597
00:29:16,020 --> 00:29:17,940
that looks like they're screaming
598
00:29:17,940 --> 00:29:20,100
or something else If you wanted to say that if
599
00:29:20,100 --> 00:29:21,960
you look at an Egyptian mummy of
600
00:29:21,960 --> 00:29:23,760
a person who actually had a very
601
00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:25,380
high social status and
602
00:29:25,380 --> 00:29:28,080
see that the lower jaw
603
00:29:28,080 --> 00:29:29,940
hangs down like that, then someone did
604
00:29:29,940 --> 00:29:31,679
n't make any effort at all with the
605
00:29:31,679 --> 00:29:34,080
mummification because you would
606
00:29:34,080 --> 00:29:36,840
only need to remove part of the bandaging
607
00:29:36,840 --> 00:29:38,700
to guide the skull and then the
608
00:29:38,700 --> 00:29:41,220
lower jaw would already be held in such a way
609
00:29:41,220 --> 00:29:43,679
that this apparent scream cannot even
610
00:29:43,679 --> 00:29:45,539
arise.
611
00:29:45,539 --> 00:29:48,240
Scream or not scream, the answer
612
00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:51,539
is also in the eye of the beholder.
613
00:29:51,539 --> 00:29:53,179
Our brain is
614
00:29:53,179 --> 00:29:55,380
hard-wired, so to speak. We have to immediately understand the
615
00:29:55,380 --> 00:29:57,659
feelings and intentions of others
616
00:29:57,659 --> 00:29:59,600
Recognizing people so that we
617
00:29:59,600 --> 00:30:01,620
618
00:30:01,620 --> 00:30:03,860
can react appropriately and correctly,
619
00:30:04,559 --> 00:30:06,600
we see a face with the mouth wide open
620
00:30:06,600 --> 00:30:08,480
and thrown backwards in our head,
621
00:30:08,480 --> 00:30:10,860
our brain immediately compares it with
622
00:30:10,860 --> 00:30:12,740
what we know
623
00:30:12,740 --> 00:30:15,299
Penta would be the expression, thus resembling
624
00:30:15,299 --> 00:30:17,350
a scream
625
00:30:17,350 --> 00:30:20,220
[music]
626
00:30:20,220 --> 00:30:21,960
even if the mummy is there not really
627
00:30:21,960 --> 00:30:24,360
screaming, the face appears deeply
628
00:30:24,360 --> 00:30:26,840
disturbing,
629
00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:33,659
frozen forever in an expression of
630
00:30:33,659 --> 00:30:36,799
the worst torment.
631
00:30:39,500 --> 00:30:42,419
In a glass showcase in
632
00:30:42,419 --> 00:30:45,360
Jagsthausen Castle, not far from Heilbronn, lies
633
00:30:45,360 --> 00:30:48,539
an incredible object
634
00:30:48,539 --> 00:30:50,820
that apparently to the untrained eye
635
00:30:50,820 --> 00:30:52,440
looks like part of a suit of armor,
636
00:30:52,440 --> 00:30:54,960
but it is much more than that and it
637
00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:57,320
can also be more
638
00:30:59,179 --> 00:31:01,559
meticulously reconstructed using
639
00:31:01,559 --> 00:31:03,659
the latest computer technology to
640
00:31:03,659 --> 00:31:07,340
reveal the hidden details
641
00:31:09,010 --> 00:31:11,340
[music]
642
00:31:11,340 --> 00:31:14,279
a 500 year old medieval
643
00:31:14,279 --> 00:31:15,980
masterpiece
644
00:31:15,980 --> 00:31:20,100
a mechanical iron hand with an 18 cm
645
00:31:20,100 --> 00:31:23,100
long cuff the only one of its kind in the world
646
00:31:23,100 --> 00:31:25,580
647
00:31:28,580 --> 00:31:31,919
the fingers are fully movable and
648
00:31:31,919 --> 00:31:33,720
a complex mechanism works inside made
649
00:31:33,720 --> 00:31:37,130
of gears and springs
650
00:31:37,130 --> 00:31:40,740
[music]
651
00:31:40,740 --> 00:31:42,840
the owner is the Franconian knight
652
00:31:42,840 --> 00:31:46,440
Götz von Berlichingen in his
653
00:31:46,440 --> 00:31:48,059
autobiography Götz von
654
00:31:48,059 --> 00:31:50,460
Berlichingen describes that he can ride horses,
655
00:31:50,460 --> 00:31:52,799
can carry weapons, can hold glasses
656
00:31:52,799 --> 00:31:55,740
so that's absolute madness for
657
00:31:55,740 --> 00:31:57,260
the time
658
00:31:57,260 --> 00:32:00,659
it sounds fantastic and maybe it is
659
00:32:00,659 --> 00:32:02,760
660
00:32:02,760 --> 00:32:04,980
After all, God is said by many to have
661
00:32:04,980 --> 00:32:06,960
a penchant for desert exaggeration,
662
00:32:06,960 --> 00:32:08,419
663
00:32:08,419 --> 00:32:10,500
this story with his hand and
664
00:32:10,500 --> 00:32:12,419
his arm can really be true, that
665
00:32:12,419 --> 00:32:15,679
everything really worked so well,
666
00:32:15,679 --> 00:32:18,600
why was this construction built,
667
00:32:18,600 --> 00:32:22,020
what was it really so clever and who
668
00:32:22,020 --> 00:32:24,440
was the man with the iron hand
669
00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:27,749
[Music]
670
00:32:28,980 --> 00:32:31,860
Germany in the 15th century a
671
00:32:31,860 --> 00:32:35,720
brutal, rough place
672
00:32:36,559 --> 00:32:39,179
the Holy Roman Empire of the German
673
00:32:39,179 --> 00:32:42,860
Nation consisted of many small states
674
00:32:42,860 --> 00:32:45,179
some of them were ruled by princes
675
00:32:45,179 --> 00:32:48,080
others by dukes or counts
676
00:32:48,080 --> 00:32:50,520
and everyone was at each other's throats
677
00:32:50,520 --> 00:32:53,279
everyone wanted the biggest piece from the
678
00:32:53,279 --> 00:32:57,559
cake there was pure chaos
679
00:32:57,559 --> 00:33:00,480
Bing and the political situation had
680
00:33:00,480 --> 00:33:02,820
changed it was difficult to
681
00:33:02,820 --> 00:33:05,100
keep track an important
682
00:33:05,100 --> 00:33:07,980
factor was mercenaries the small
683
00:33:07,980 --> 00:33:09,539
states couldn't
684
00:33:09,539 --> 00:33:11,580
set up large armies so they hired troops
685
00:33:11,580 --> 00:33:14,120
686
00:33:15,240 --> 00:33:17,460
that's the world of Götz von
687
00:33:17,460 --> 00:33:19,200
Berlichingen
688
00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:22,320
was born in 1480 and at the age of 17 was
689
00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:25,679
already a knight, but one who
690
00:33:25,679 --> 00:33:29,279
also robbed and killed Götz
691
00:33:29,279 --> 00:33:30,899
von Berlichingen may have the knighthood
692
00:33:30,899 --> 00:33:33,419
but in reality he is a
693
00:33:33,419 --> 00:33:36,179
notorious mercenary. At the age of 20
694
00:33:36,179 --> 00:33:37,559
he became self-employed with
695
00:33:37,559 --> 00:33:38,760
one today one would say with a
696
00:33:38,760 --> 00:33:41,820
gang and was able to hire this group and
697
00:33:41,820 --> 00:33:45,000
then these mercenaries worked for the one who
698
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:45,970
paid
699
00:33:45,970 --> 00:33:47,880
[music]
700
00:33:47,880 --> 00:33:50,340
at the age of 24 von
701
00:33:50,340 --> 00:33:53,640
Berlichingen suffers a serious injury
702
00:33:53,640 --> 00:33:57,240
in 1504 Götz von Berlichingen is
703
00:33:57,240 --> 00:33:59,940
704
00:33:59,940 --> 00:34:02,640
working for a Bavarian prince from hit by a cannonball
705
00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:05,039
and part of his arm and
706
00:34:05,039 --> 00:34:08,179
hand are lost are gone
707
00:34:08,179 --> 00:34:11,099
without antibiotics such wounds
708
00:34:11,099 --> 00:34:13,080
usually end fatally
709
00:34:13,080 --> 00:34:15,179
but von Berlichingen is lucky he
710
00:34:15,179 --> 00:34:17,639
survived but he loses his right
711
00:34:17,639 --> 00:34:20,520
forearm and his hand it seems that
712
00:34:20,520 --> 00:34:22,859
his days as a knight in battle are over
713
00:34:22,859 --> 00:34:23,230
714
00:34:23,230 --> 00:34:25,440
[ Applause]
715
00:34:25,440 --> 00:34:27,179
Götz and Berlichingen is now sick
716
00:34:27,179 --> 00:34:30,300
and of course he could give up, but he does
717
00:34:30,300 --> 00:34:32,580
n't. Instead, he thought about
718
00:34:32,580 --> 00:34:34,260
how he can continue to fight, how he
719
00:34:34,260 --> 00:34:35,940
can continue to hold weapons and also kill,
720
00:34:35,940 --> 00:34:39,780
so he designs himself a new hand. He
721
00:34:39,780 --> 00:34:41,820
's not the first to come up with the idea
722
00:34:41,820 --> 00:34:43,639
to build a prosthesis
723
00:34:43,639 --> 00:34:45,918
[music]
724
00:34:45,918 --> 00:34:48,179
most people believe that
725
00:34:48,179 --> 00:34:51,119
prostheses haven't been around that long,
726
00:34:51,119 --> 00:34:53,699
but in fact there were first forerunners
727
00:34:53,699 --> 00:34:55,399
in ancient Egypt to
728
00:34:55,399 --> 00:34:58,380
729
00:34:58,380 --> 00:35:01,160
730
00:35:01,160 --> 00:35:04,680
731
00:35:04,680 --> 00:35:06,660
732
00:35:06,660 --> 00:35:08,900
follow the movement of the foot and
733
00:35:08,900 --> 00:35:12,000
a nice leather strap, probably
734
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:14,960
for a comfortable one.
735
00:35:14,960 --> 00:35:20,820
The Romans were also inventive. The
736
00:35:21,660 --> 00:35:23,700
elder described a man who he thought was
737
00:35:23,700 --> 00:35:26,400
incredibly heroic. His name
738
00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:29,400
was Markus Sergio Silos. He was more famous
739
00:35:29,400 --> 00:35:31,200
for having his arm
740
00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:33,599
cut off in battle But he refused
741
00:35:33,599 --> 00:35:36,300
to get off the horse. Later he wore
742
00:35:36,300 --> 00:35:39,000
an iron prosthesis so that he could
743
00:35:39,000 --> 00:35:42,619
hold up the shield and continue fighting.
744
00:35:42,619 --> 00:35:45,060
He often sat on the horse and
745
00:35:45,060 --> 00:35:48,920
fought in many more battles.
746
00:35:50,599 --> 00:35:54,150
However, he wore a more complex prosthesis
747
00:35:54,150 --> 00:35:55,260
[music]
748
00:35:55,260 --> 00:35:57,300
Götz then went to a blacksmith
749
00:35:57,300 --> 00:35:59,160
and Instead of just asking for a
750
00:35:59,160 --> 00:36:00,900
hook or perhaps some kind of
751
00:36:00,900 --> 00:36:04,020
wooden construction, he
752
00:36:04,020 --> 00:36:04,920
instead asks for a properly
753
00:36:04,920 --> 00:36:07,500
functioning hand. Two years after
754
00:36:07,500 --> 00:36:09,420
losing his hand, von
755
00:36:09,420 --> 00:36:11,400
Berlichingen returns to the battlefield with a metal prosthesis,
756
00:36:11,400 --> 00:36:13,339
757
00:36:13,339 --> 00:36:16,079
but he is not satisfied with the
758
00:36:16,079 --> 00:36:18,359
prototype.
759
00:36:18,359 --> 00:36:19,460
760
00:36:19,460 --> 00:36:22,940
The first version was still there Quite simple,
761
00:36:22,940 --> 00:36:25,320
she could hardly do more than
762
00:36:25,320 --> 00:36:27,260
open and close her fingers.
763
00:36:27,260 --> 00:36:32,119
The second, on the other hand, was remarkable. The
764
00:36:32,900 --> 00:36:36,900
solution was a sophisticated, movable
765
00:36:36,900 --> 00:36:39,680
iron hand.
766
00:36:39,680 --> 00:36:42,060
The order he
767
00:36:42,060 --> 00:36:43,079
must have given his blacksmith was pretty
768
00:36:43,079 --> 00:36:45,300
incredible. Every single limb should
769
00:36:45,300 --> 00:36:47,099
be fully movable. He wanted to
770
00:36:47,099 --> 00:36:48,480
hold his sword and therefore do it correctly to be
771
00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:50,820
able to fight for the 16th century, these were
772
00:36:50,820 --> 00:36:54,200
pretty peppery requirements,
773
00:36:56,780 --> 00:37:00,060
gives a lot of show off
774
00:37:00,060 --> 00:37:02,220
but does the prosthesis actually work?
775
00:37:02,220 --> 00:37:04,140
776
00:37:04,140 --> 00:37:06,060
new research can answer this question
777
00:37:06,060 --> 00:37:07,770
778
00:37:07,770 --> 00:37:10,940
[music]
779
00:37:13,040 --> 00:37:15,480
the challenge in building a
780
00:37:15,480 --> 00:37:18,119
hand prosthesis is to make the handle
781
00:37:18,119 --> 00:37:20,700
movable and flexible on the one hand,
782
00:37:20,700 --> 00:37:21,920
783
00:37:21,920 --> 00:37:24,480
but also strong enough if on the other hand
784
00:37:24,480 --> 00:37:26,000
785
00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:28,680
For example, Götz wanted to hold a sword
786
00:37:28,680 --> 00:37:30,420
or the reins of his horse.
787
00:37:30,420 --> 00:37:34,400
He needed a firm grip.
788
00:37:35,760 --> 00:37:37,680
To understand how the prosthesis
789
00:37:37,680 --> 00:37:39,839
works, you have to look at the inside of it
790
00:37:39,839 --> 00:37:40,140
791
00:37:40,140 --> 00:37:41,460
[music]. What
792
00:37:41,460 --> 00:37:43,880
is crucial is the so-called
793
00:37:43,880 --> 00:37:46,099
ratchet mechanism, which
794
00:37:46,099 --> 00:37:48,180
has a row of
795
00:37:48,180 --> 00:37:50,640
teeth that fall with every rotation
796
00:37:50,640 --> 00:37:53,640
Pawl in a recess, the shape
797
00:37:53,640 --> 00:37:55,980
of the teeth prevents the pawl and
798
00:37:55,980 --> 00:37:59,280
thus the joint from slipping unless you
799
00:37:59,280 --> 00:38:01,760
loosen it.
800
00:38:02,540 --> 00:38:05,280
It is a mechanism like the one you
801
00:38:05,280 --> 00:38:08,040
find in handcuffs today. In the
802
00:38:08,040 --> 00:38:10,440
iron hand, each finger contains three of
803
00:38:10,440 --> 00:38:13,260
these systems, so every
804
00:38:13,260 --> 00:38:16,200
ankle joint can be fixed With his
805
00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:17,760
good hand, Götz pushes his
806
00:38:17,760 --> 00:38:19,920
metal fingers around an object
807
00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:23,280
until the grip is tight enough. The
808
00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:26,640
pawls hold the position.
809
00:38:26,640 --> 00:38:28,680
Pressing a small button on the
810
00:38:28,680 --> 00:38:31,339
side of the hand unlocks the whole thing.
811
00:38:31,339 --> 00:38:34,560
The mechanisms loosen and the hand
812
00:38:34,560 --> 00:38:36,619
can be opened again
813
00:38:36,619 --> 00:38:39,359
Button on the back
814
00:38:39,359 --> 00:38:42,420
allows the prosthesis to be angled at the wrist.
815
00:38:42,420 --> 00:38:44,280
816
00:38:44,280 --> 00:38:46,320
Berlichingen tells everyone how
817
00:38:46,320 --> 00:38:49,619
fantastic his iron hand is. He
818
00:38:49,619 --> 00:38:51,060
himself has said that his prosthesis
819
00:38:51,060 --> 00:38:54,180
has served him better in battle than
820
00:38:54,180 --> 00:38:57,119
his hand and arm made of flesh and
821
00:38:57,119 --> 00:38:58,940
blood ever did before
822
00:38:58,940 --> 00:39:01,380
Von Berlichingen is
823
00:39:01,380 --> 00:39:03,359
known for being notoriously sparing with the truth and
824
00:39:03,359 --> 00:39:05,180
825
00:39:05,180 --> 00:39:07,500
has always made sure that he is
826
00:39:07,500 --> 00:39:09,420
presented in a good light. He did that in
827
00:39:09,420 --> 00:39:10,980
his autobiography, as
828
00:39:10,980 --> 00:39:12,780
many people probably do, but of course I
829
00:39:12,780 --> 00:39:14,520
know that I can't be
830
00:39:14,520 --> 00:39:16,260
so sure anymore
831
00:39:16,260 --> 00:39:17,760
The story with his hand and his
832
00:39:17,760 --> 00:39:19,440
arm can really be true that
833
00:39:19,440 --> 00:39:21,780
everything really worked so well.
834
00:39:21,780 --> 00:39:23,640
Götz von Berlichingen could
835
00:39:23,640 --> 00:39:26,280
actually hold a glass, grab the reins of
836
00:39:26,280 --> 00:39:28,920
his horse and swing a sword
837
00:39:28,920 --> 00:39:30,859
as he claimed
838
00:39:30,859 --> 00:39:33,839
in the last 500 years.
839
00:39:33,839 --> 00:39:35,359
Many people have doubted this
840
00:39:35,359 --> 00:39:38,099
Research can now clarify the question once and
841
00:39:38,099 --> 00:39:41,599
for all.
842
00:39:41,760 --> 00:39:44,460
The University of Offenburg
843
00:39:44,460 --> 00:39:48,079
examined the structure of the hand.
844
00:39:48,320 --> 00:39:50,700
The scientists started with the
845
00:39:50,700 --> 00:39:54,440
simpler first prosthesis
846
00:39:54,440 --> 00:39:57,720
on a 3D printer. They recreated the design and
847
00:39:57,720 --> 00:39:59,599
848
00:39:59,599 --> 00:40:02,160
showed the maximum performance that the hand
849
00:40:02,160 --> 00:40:05,460
could achieve from strong grips
850
00:40:05,460 --> 00:40:07,859
during of combat to
851
00:40:07,859 --> 00:40:10,140
fine motor applications such as
852
00:40:10,140 --> 00:40:13,520
holding a pen
853
00:40:14,160 --> 00:40:16,320
the first prosthesis already contains many of
854
00:40:16,320 --> 00:40:18,780
the key technologies that
855
00:40:18,780 --> 00:40:21,359
are optimized in the second version
856
00:40:21,359 --> 00:40:23,520
the research shows that von
857
00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:26,400
Berlichingen has not exaggerated the
858
00:40:26,400 --> 00:40:28,140
mechanical hand actually works
859
00:40:28,140 --> 00:40:29,720
860
00:40:29,720 --> 00:40:32,940
we know this is a 500 year old almost
861
00:40:32,940 --> 00:40:34,680
full functional mechanical
862
00:40:34,680 --> 00:40:37,740
prosthetic hand made of iron the best proof
863
00:40:37,740 --> 00:40:40,140
of their abilities is the life that
864
00:40:40,140 --> 00:40:42,780
berlichen led he continued to
865
00:40:42,780 --> 00:40:46,200
fight drank plundered murdered
866
00:40:46,200 --> 00:40:49,020
played his hand worked very well
867
00:40:49,020 --> 00:40:50,240
868
00:40:50,240 --> 00:40:52,619
Götz von Berlichingen becomes a
869
00:40:52,619 --> 00:40:55,920
literary hero, but only 200
870
00:40:55,920 --> 00:40:58,920
years after his death Götz and
871
00:40:58,920 --> 00:41:00,180
Berlichingen probably would
872
00:41:00,180 --> 00:41:02,760
n't be so well known if Goethe, our
873
00:41:02,760 --> 00:41:05,180
German national poet,
874
00:41:05,180 --> 00:41:07,560
hadn't included it in one of his plays.
875
00:41:07,560 --> 00:41:11,400
In this piece, Götz says something like he
876
00:41:11,400 --> 00:41:14,280
'll lick my ass, so today
877
00:41:14,280 --> 00:41:18,200
you'd say it in English,
878
00:41:18,380 --> 00:41:21,359
but actually it's a
879
00:41:21,359 --> 00:41:26,040
very dirty expression The
880
00:41:26,040 --> 00:41:27,960
iron hand was a fully
881
00:41:27,960 --> 00:41:29,880
functional medieval
882
00:41:29,880 --> 00:41:32,420
prosthesis.
883
00:41:34,980 --> 00:41:37,380
Since then, modern prosthetics have
884
00:41:37,380 --> 00:41:40,520
developed significantly.
885
00:41:43,740 --> 00:41:46,140
Millions of electrical prostheses connect
886
00:41:46,140 --> 00:41:48,359
directly to the nerves, muscles and
887
00:41:48,359 --> 00:41:51,599
bones of the user.
888
00:41:51,599 --> 00:41:53,880
Through the use of electrodes,
889
00:41:53,880 --> 00:41:56,220
the wearer is even able to control the prosthesis
890
00:41:56,220 --> 00:41:58,940
with their thoughts
891
00:41:58,940 --> 00:42:02,130
[Music ]
892
00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:04,859
Berlichingen's iron hand,
893
00:42:04,859 --> 00:42:07,520
on the other hand, seems like a relic of the past.
894
00:42:07,520 --> 00:42:09,660
Some researchers, however, see it
895
00:42:09,660 --> 00:42:12,960
differently. They believe that the model can
896
00:42:12,960 --> 00:42:14,880
still be useful for many people around the world.
897
00:42:14,880 --> 00:42:18,320
898
00:42:18,680 --> 00:42:21,300
Similar prostheses are still relevant today If you
899
00:42:21,300 --> 00:42:22,760
900
00:42:22,760 --> 00:42:26,339
901
00:42:26,339 --> 00:42:28,200
can't afford prostheses,
902
00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:30,540
such simple systems can
903
00:42:30,540 --> 00:42:33,320
still help.
904
00:42:34,740 --> 00:42:37,200
Seen like this, Götz von Berlichingen's
905
00:42:37,200 --> 00:42:38,760
invention could have been helpful for many people around the
906
00:42:38,760 --> 00:42:41,480
world
907
00:42:41,480 --> 00:42:42,800
[music]
908
00:42:42,800 --> 00:42:45,119
he would certainly have mentioned it in his
909
00:42:45,119 --> 00:42:49,619
autobiography, the main thing is
910
00:42:52,710 --> 00:42:59,329
[music]
58076
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