All language subtitles for Rise.Of.The.Warrior.Apes.2017.1080p.WEBRip.x264.AAC-[YTS.MX]

[ APES GIBBERING ]

♪♪

[ APES SCREAMING ]

♪♪

[ APES SCREAMING]

[ APES SCREAMING ]

♪♪

[ APES SCREAMING ]

[ APES ROARING ]

[ APE ROARING ]

--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

[ INDISTINCT CHATTER ]

Watts: THE FIRST TIME
I CAME HERE WAS 1993,

THE SUMMER OF 1993.

I REALLY HAD NO IDEA
WHAT TO EXPECT.

I DIDN'T ANTICIPATE
HOW EXTRAORDINARY THIS PLACE

WOULD BE,

HOW PHENOMENAL IT WOULD BE.

♪♪

BUT EVEN IN MY FIRST
COUPLE OF MONTHS HERE,

I REALIZED THAT CLEARLY
THIS PLACE WAS UNUSUAL.

[ ANIMAL SQUEALS ]

♪♪

I DECIDED I WANT TO GET A GOOD
DOCUMENTARY RECORD FOR MYSELF.

AND I COULD EASILY FIT A VIDEO
CAMERA IN MY BACKPACK

AND CARRY IT AROUND WITH ME,

SO I JUST STARTED.

WHEN I FIRST CAME, I COULDN'T
FOLLOW THEM VERY WELL,

COULDN'T YET RECOGNIZE
MUCH OF ANYONE.

AND I WANTED TO BE ABLE
TO FOLLOW THEM

WITHOUT THEM BEING DISTURBED

AND TRYING TO GET OUT OF SIGHT.

SO, IN 1995,
I SPENT SEVEN MONTHS HERE,

♪♪

AND THAT WAS THE FIRST TIME
THAT JOHN MITANI CAME.

HE CAME FOR THE SUMMER.

Mitani: WHEREVER PEOPLE HAVE
STUDIED CHIMPS IN THE WILD,

THEY'RE VERY DIFFICULT TO
HABITUATE TO HUMAN PRESENCE,

AND IT TAKES FOUR OR FIVE YEARS.

IT WAS A LONG TIME AGO,
22 YEARS AGO.

[ APES GIBBERING ]

IT WAS A CHALLENGE.

[ GIBBERING CONTINUES ]

SO THE FIRST SUMMER I WAS HERE,
I WAS JUST CHASING CHIMPS.

WE WOULD HEAR THEM CALL,
AND WE WOULD GO LOOK FOR THEM,

COULDN'T FIND THEM.

Mitani: CHASING THEM OVER HILL,
VALLEY, SWAMP.

WE'D MOVE OFF, AND WE'D
HEAR THEM SOMEWHERE ELSE.

[ APES GIBBERING ]

IT WAS IN THE SECOND SUMMER.

I'LL NEVER FORGET
AUGUST OF 1996.

IT WAS A BIG GROUP.

THEY CAME DOWN.

I THOUGHT, AS USUAL,
WHAT THEY'D DO IS RUN AWAY

AS THEY HAD BEEN DOING
FOR THE PAST YEAR.

BUT ONE INDIVIDUAL,
A MALE WE CALL HARE,

INSTEAD OF BOLTING FROM ME,

JUST SORT OF AMBLED OFF,

YOU KNOW, AT A REASONABLE PACE
INTO THE FOREST,

AND I STARTED TO FOLLOW HIM.

I REMEMBER CONSTANTLY THINKING,
"WHEN ARE YOU GOING TO RUN?

WHEN ARE YOU GOING TO RUN?"

BUT WE WENT, YOU KNOW,
OVER HALF A KILOMETER.

I FINALLY REALIZED,
"GOD, HE'S NOT GOING TO RUN."

YOU KNOW, THEY HAD BEEN
RUNNING AWAY FOR SO LONG.

I THINK I ALMOST STARTED TO CRY.

AFTER ALL THAT HARD WORK,

FINALLY SOMEBODY, YOU KNOW,

PERMITTING ME TO BE WITH THEM.

♪♪

I SOMETIMES WONDER IF THEY, TOO,

HAVE THOSE RECOLLECTIONS
OR REMEMBRANCES

OF ME CHASING THEM
IN THE OLD DAYS.

OVER THE NEXT FEW MONTHS,

ONE INDIVIDUAL AFTER ANOTHER
PERMITTING US

TO SEE THINGS MORE CLEARLY.

[ BIRDS SINGING ]

Watts: WE WERE BECOMING AWARE

THERE REALLY WERE
A LOT OF CHIMPS HERE.

MY BEST ESTIMATE AT THE TIME
WAS MORE THAN 140 CHIMPS,

WHICH WAS FAR MORE
THAN THE LARGEST

PREVIOUSLY KNOWN COMMUNITY
ANYWHERE.

MOST CHIMPS LIVE IN GROUPS
OF ABOUT 40 TO 50 INDIVIDUALS.

IT BECAME QUITE CLEAR
THAT SOMETHING VERY STRANGE

AND UNUSUAL WAS HAPPENING HERE.

THERE WERE A LOT OF CHIMPS.

Watts: WE STARTED TO WORRY
THAT THIS COMMUNITY IS SO BIG,

IT'S NOT GOING TO BE ABLE
TO STAY TOGETHER.

IT'S GOING TO DIVIDE BEFORE
WE EVER REALLY UNDERSTAND

WHAT'S GOING ON HERE.

Mitani: INITIALLY, EVERYBODY
HAD DOUBTS...

THEY DIDN'T THINK
THAT WAS POSSIBLE.

...WHETHER THE COMMUNITY
IS THIS BIG.

BUT IT'S HAPPENING IN NGOGO.

OUR COLLEAGUES WERE TELLING US,
"WELL, IF THE COMMUNITY

IS AS LARGE
AS YOU THINK IT IS,

THEN WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN IS,

INEVITABLY, IS THAT
THEY'VE GOT TO SPLIT."

♪♪

BUT NOW, AS I LOOK BACK
ON THE SITUATION

AND THINK ABOUT MATTERS,

I THINK THAT WAS EXACTLY
THE WRONG THING TO BE ASKING.

I THINK THE QUESTION
SHOULD HAVE BEEN,

"WHAT'S KEEPING THEM TOGETHER?"

THAT WAS SOMETHING
THAT WAS ENTIRELY

NOT OBVIOUS AT THE BEGINNING.

[ APES GIBBERING ]

CHIMPANZEE SOCIETY
IS VERY MALE-DOMINATED.

TO UNDERSTAND CHIMPS
AND CHIMP LIFE,

ONE HAS TO UNDERSTAND
THE SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS,

YOU KNOW, THE SOCIAL
BEHAVIOR OF MALE CHIMPS

BECAUSE THEY PRETTY
MUCH RUN THE SHOW.

IT WAS QUITE OBVIOUS RIGHT
FROM THE VERY BEGINNING

THAT THERE WAS
A CLEAR ALPHA MALE,

HAS A CERTAIN WAY AND DEMEANOR.

THIS SORT OF SWAGGER.

Mitani:
ONE ALPHA MALE WAS MWEYA.

HE WAS PRETTY CLEARLY THE ALPHA.

♪♪

THE CHIMPS GREET ALPHA MALES
WITH THIS DISTINCTIVE CALL,

THE PANT GRUNT...

[ GRUNTING ]

...AS A FORMAL SIGNAL
OF SUBMISSION.

EVERYBODY IS GOING UP
TO GREET THE BIG GUY.

[ APES GRUNTING ]

[ GRUNTS ]

"YOU'RE DOMINANT OF ME.
YOU'RE TOUGHER THAN ME.

I'M SAYING THIS TO YOU
SO YOU WON'T BEAT ME UP."

[ GRUNTING ]

CHIMPANZEES TELL YOU
WHO'S ON TOP

AND WHO'S ON THE BOTTOM.

NOT ONLY DO I KNOW
THAT WHETHER I'M LOWER

OR HIGHER RANKING
THAN THIS GUY.

I KNOW WHETHER THAT GUY
IS HIGHER-

OR LOWER-RANKING THAN THAT GUY.

SO THEY HAVE A PICTURE IN THEIR
HEAD OF THE WHOLE HIERARCHY.

BUT THE QUESTION IS, HOW EASY
WILL IT BE FOR ONE MALE

TO CONTROL ALL THE OTHERS?

HOW EASY WILL IT BE FOR THAT ONE
MALE TO CONTROL THE SITUATION?

ESPECIALLY IN A COMMUNITY
LIKE NGOGO,

WHERE THERE'S SO MANY RIVALS,

THIS COMMUNITY IS SO BIG,

AND THERE'S SO MANY MALES.

AS THINGS TURN OUT,
IT DOESN'T SEEM TO BE

ALL THAT EASY
FOR A SINGLE MALE.

BUT NOT ALL ALPHA MALE
CHIMPANZEES ARE CREATED EQUAL.

THEY ALL PLAY THE GAME
IN A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT FASHION.

MWEYA WAS AN INTERESTING
COMBINATION

BECAUSE HE WAS A VERY STRONG
AND POWERFUL INDIVIDUAL.

HE WAS ALSO QUITE SMART,
AND ANOTHER WAY MALE CHIMPANZEES

MAINTAIN THEMSELVES AT THE TOP

IS THROUGH BUILDING
SOCIAL BONDS WITH OTHERS,

WHO WILL THEN TURN AROUND AND
HELP PROP YOU UP IN THE SYSTEM.

IN FACT, ONE OF HIS PRIMARY
COALITIONARY PARTNERS

IN THOSE EARLY DAYS WAS BARTOK.

DAVID AND I ALWAYS THOUGHT THAT,
RIGHT FROM THE GET-GO, YOU KNOW,

THAT THIS GUY WAS GOING
TO RISE TO THE TOP.

BARTOK WAS MORE OF
A POLITICAL TACTICIAN.

Mitani: STREET SAVVY
AND SOCIALLY SMART.

AND HERE WE HAD MWEYA,
WHO WAS OLDER, AND BARTOK,

WHO WAS A FAIR AMOUNT YOUNGER,

WHO HAD MADE HIMSELF
INTO MWEYA'S ALLY.

HE WAS BEING GROOMED
TO INHERIT THE TOP SPOT.

Watts: BARTOK HAD THAT
KIND OF SELF-CONFIDENCE --

"THIS IS WHERE I SHOULD BE,

AND I SHOULD BE THE ALPHA MALE."

BUT THERE WAS YET
ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL, LOFTY.

HE WAS MORE ABILITY.

LOFTY WAS IN REALLY GOOD
PHYSICAL CONDITION,

VERY AGGRESSIVE.

[ APE SCREAMS ]

HE WAS NOT,
IN CHIMPANZEE TERMS,

AN ASTUTE POLITICIAN.

HE HAD A VERY RAPID RISE
IN THE DOMINANCE HIERARCHY.

[ APE SCREAMS ]

POWERED HIS WAY TO THE TOP

THROUGH SHEER BRUTE FORCE
AS AN INDIVIDUAL.

♪♪

Watts: SO THERE'S A SERIOUS
RIVALRY HERE.

♪♪

♪♪

Watts: CHIMPANZEES
ARE FASCINATING ANIMALS

TO COMPARE OURSELVES TO.

WE SHARE A LOT IN COMMON
BEHAVIORALLY, PSYCHOLOGICALLY.

THEY'RE MORE LIKE HUMANS
THAN ANYTHING ELSE

ALIVE ON THE PLANET.

THEY ARE SO CLOSELY RELATED
TO US THAT THERE'S SO MUCH

SORT OF HUMAN-LIKE NUANCE

THAT WE CAN PICK UP ON.

Langergraber:
IT'S A WEIRD MIRROR OF HUMAN.

THEY'RE SO HUMAN-LIKE
IN CERTAIN WAYS...

[ CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKS ]

BUT THEN, IN OTHER WAYS,
THEY'RE SO NOT HUMAN-LIKE.

AND THAT IS REALLY, I THINK,

WHAT DRIVES MY SCIENTIFIC
INTEREST IN THEM

AND MAKES IT PERSONALLY
A VERY WEIRD EXPERIENCE,

YOU KNOW, TO SEE THESE WEIRD
SORT OF REFLECTIONS

AND DISTORTIONS
OF REGULAR HUMANS.

Watts: SO WHAT DOES THIS TELL US
ABOUT HUMAN EVOLUTION,

AND WHAT DOES THIS
MEAN FOR HUMANS?

THOSE TWO QUESTIONS,
TRYING TO ANSWER THEM,

REQUIRES THAT YOU HAVE
A REALLY FIRM

UNDERSTANDING
OF CHIMPANZEES FIRST.

IMAGINE YOU COME INTO THIS
AS SOMEBODY

COMPLETELY BLIND
TO THE SITUATION.

WE DIDN'T KNOW WHERE THEY WENT
AND THE EXTENT

OF THEIR TERRITORIES.

WHERE DO THEY LIVE?

WHERE ARE THE BOUNDARIES?

YOU START TO SEE THINGS

AND TRYING TO PIECE
A PUZZLE TOGETHER.

THAT ALL HAS TO BE SKETCHED IN
ONLY AFTER YEARS OF OBSERVATION.

WE FOUND NGOGO CHIMPANZEES
WERE USING A MORE

OR LESS CIRCULAR AREA
ABOUT 28 SQUARE KILOMETERS.

IT JUST SO HAPPENS,
FOR WHATEVER REASON,

THAT WE'RE LIVING HERE IN NGOGO

IN ESSENTIALLY CHIMP PARADISE.

THERE'S A TON OF FOOD HERE.

Watts: NGOGO HAS A NUMBER
OF ENORMOUS FIG TREES

THAT CAN PRODUCE HUGE
CROPS OF FIGS.

Mitani: THEY HAVE A REMARKABLE
KNOWLEDGE OF, YOU KNOW,

THEIR OWN TERRITORY

AND WHERE THE FOOD IS
AND WHERE IT ISN'T.

THEY ALSO SEEM TO KNOW WHAT'S
GOING ON IN THE TERRITORIES

OF THEIR NEIGHBORS.

ONCE WE SORT OF REALIZED
HOW FAR THE NGOGO CHIMPS

WENT IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS,

WE STARTED TO BECOME AWARE THAT,

WHEN WE HEARD CHIMPS
FARTHER THAN THAT,

IT ALMOST CERTAINLY
WASN'T NGOGO CHIMPANZEES.

THOSE ARE THE OTHERS.

♪♪

Mitani: WHO'S OUT THERE?

HOW MANY OF THEM?

I REMEMBER MY FIRST PATROL

OUT HERE TO THE NORTH
ALONG LINE ZERO,

I'M TRYING TO FIGURE OUT,

"WHAT THE HELL IS GOING ON
WITH THESE GUYS?"

IT WAS HARE AND MWEYA, BARTOK,
A FEW OTHERS.

THEY WERE ACTING VERY STRANGE.

♪♪

THEY'D MOVE ALL SINGLE-FILE
FASHION INTO THE FOREST.

WHERE ARE THEY TAKING ME?
WHY ARE THEY GOING THIS WAY?

♪♪

EVERYBODY FALLS
COMPLETELY SILENT.

Watts:
THEY ARE LOOKING FOR CHIMPANZEES
WHO ARE THEIR NEIGHBORS,

WHO ARE STRANGERS
AND WHO ARE THE ENEMY.

IF THEY'RE GOING TO DO THAT,
AND IF THEY ARE SMART,

THEY'LL DO IT IN BIG GROUPS.

THERE ARE SOME BIG CHIMPANZEE

COMMUNITIES IN THIS
PART OF THE FOREST.

IT'S NOT JUST NGOGO CHIMPANZEES.

Mitani: THEY'RE ALL ON
THE SAME PAGE AND SOMEHOW,

SOME WAY COMMUNICATING
TO EACH OTHER THAT,

"HEY, IT'S TIME.

WE'RE ABOUT TO GO."

BUT HOW THEY'RE COMMUNICATING
AMONG THEMSELVES,

BETWEEN THEMSELVES
IS A BIG BLACK HOLE.

THAT'S WHERE MAYBE NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION MIGHT BE INVOLVED.

FIFTY METERS, 100 METERS,
A KILOMETER OR MORE,

UNTIL THEY REACH THE BOUNDARY
OF THEIR TERRITORY.

[ APES GIBBERING ]

Watts:
IF THEY HEAR A LOT OF VOICES,

THEY KNOW THERE
ARE STRANGERS NEARBY,

AND IT'S RISKY.

[ GIBBERING CONTINUES ]

AND DEPENDING
HOW MANY CHIMPANZEES

ARE PRESENT ON ONE
SIDE OR THE OTHER,

IT MIGHT BE THE NGOGO
CHIMPANZEES WHO RUN AWAY.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

THIS TIME,
THEY'RE OUTNUMBERED,

AND THE BEST THING FOR THEM
TO DO IS GET OUT OF THERE.

♪♪

THE LONG-TERM RAMIFICATIONS
OF THIS BEHAVIOR

AND THE SUBSEQUENT KILLINGS
THAT WE WOULD OBSERVE

WERE THE FARTHEST THINGS
FROM MY MIND.

ALL OF THIS WAS ALL TRY
TO PIECE THE PUZZLE TOGETHER.

AND IT WASN'T LONG AFTER
WE STARTED TO SEE HUNTS.

♪♪

WHY DO THEY HUNT?

WELL, AND OLD IDEA
IS THAT THEY HUNT

WHEN THEY'RE HUNGRY AND THERE
ISN'T A LOT OF FRUIT AROUND.

BUT AS THINGS TURN OUT,
IT'S EXACTLY THE OPPOSITE.

Watts: I VIVIDLY REMEMBER
ONE TIME WHEN I DECIDED

I'M GOING TO FOLLOW A GROUP
OF SOME OF THE MALES,

AND THEY HEARD
RED COLOBUS MONKEYS.

♪♪

[ MONKEY SCREAMS ]

[ APES CHATTER ]

♪♪

[ APES GIBBERING ]

[ MONKEY SCREAMING ]

THE MONKEY GETS OUT
ON A SMALL BRANCH,

AND HE'S MOMENTARILY
TRYING TO DECIDE WHAT TO DO.

ANOTHER CHIMPANZEE COMES
FROM AN ADJACENT TREE,

JUMPS ONTO THE OTHER
END OF THE BOW,

RUNS AT THE MONKEY
FROM BEHIND, GRABS HIM.

THEY'VE GOT ONE.

[ APES GIBBERING ]

I WAS STANDING MAYBE 15 FEET
FROM THEM, WATCHING THIS.

THREE MALE CHIMPANZEES
EACH TOOK AN ARM OR A LEG,

AND THEY LITERALLY
STARTED DRAWING

AND QUARTERING THIS MONKEY.

HERE.
HERE'S A LEG.

IT'S YOURS.

♪♪

MEAT SEAMS TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT
ROLE IN THE FORMATION

AND MAINTENANCE
OF SOCIAL BONDS.

THEY SHARE MEAT, BUT THEY
DON'T SHARE IT RANDOMLY.

YOU KNOW, THEY TEND TO SHARE IT
WITH THEIR CLOSE ASSOCIATES.

Mitani:
IT'S QUITE SELECTIVE,
AND ONE OF THE THINGS

THAT BARTOK
WOULD DO IS,

HE WOULD SELECTIVELY
SHARE PIECES OF MEAT

WITH OTHER INDIVIDUALS,
NOT EVERYBODY,

ONE OF HIS BUDDIES,
ONE OF HIS FRIENDS.

HE'D DIVIDE
A BIG MONKEY IN HALF,

AND THEN HE HANDS
HALF OF IT TO HARE.

HARE WOULD LATER TURN
AROUND AND HELP BARTOK.

BARTOK PLAYS THE GAME
ACCORDING TO THOSE RULES

INSTEAD OF THE BRUTE FORCE GAME.

LOFTY JUST NEVER SEEMED
TO BE ABLE TO PLAY

THE COALITIONARY GAME,

THE MEAT-SHARING
AND GROOMING GAME

IN THE SAME FASHION
THAT BARTOK DID.

HE WASN'T AS SOCIALLY
SKILLFUL AS BARTOK.

EARLY 1999, WHEN I WAS HERE FOR
A PRETTY EXTENDED FIELD SEASON

AND GOT TO WITNESS
FOR THE FIRST TIME

HOW THINGS CHANGED AT THE TOP,

MWEYA WAS STILL THE ALPHA MALE,

BUT LOFTY DECIDED TO MAKE A BID.

HE WAS READY TO CHALLENGE.

THE ALPHA MALE REALLY
DOES A LOT BETTER

THAN THE OTHER
HIGH-RANKING MALES.

AND DOMINANCE RANK INDEED
DOES HAVE A STRONG EFFECT

ON REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.

[ APES CHATTER ]

[ APE GRUNTING ]

LOFTY, HE WAS A PHYSICAL
SPECIMEN, VERY MUSCULAR.

HE FIRST HAD TO BEAT A FEW
OTHER MALES, INCLUDING BARTOK,

WHO WAS STILL NUMBER TWO.

THERE WAS THIS
CLIMATIC MOMENT.

LOFTY AND BARTOK WERE BOTH
IN THIS DENSE VEGETATION

WHERE I COULDN'T SEE VERY WELL
WHAT WAS GOING ON.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

AND THEN BARTOK EMERGED
FROM THIS VEGETATION

WITH HIS SUPREME
SELF-CONFIDENCE SHATTERED.

AFTER THAT,
HE WAS NUMBER THREE.

LOFTY HAD JUST MADE
HIMSELF NUMBER TWO.

HE THEN STARTED A CHALLENGE

OF MWEYA THAT TOOK
SEVERAL MONTHS.

[ APES GIBBERING ]

LOFTY WAS A BULLY.

HE KIND OF BULLIED HIS WAY
TO THE TOP INDIVIDUALLY,

AND HIS CHALLENGE
TO MWEYA WAS HIM AGAINST MWEYA.

IT WASN'T HIM PLUS AN ALLY.

[ APES GIBBERING,
SCREAMING ]

HE REALLY SHOOK MWEYA'S
CONFIDENCE,

AND, FINALLY, MWEYA JUST STARTED
TO GIVE WAY TO HIM.

I CAN REMEMBER THE FIRST DAY
THAT I SAW

MWEYA PANT-GRUNT TO LOFTY.

AND, WHEN I SAW THAT, I THOUGHT,
"OKAY. HE'S DONE IT.

HE'S THE ALPHA MALE NOW."

[ APE GRUNTING, SCREAMING ]

Mitani: BUT YOU CAN'T LEAD
IF NO ONE FOLLOWS YOU.

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

♪♪

HE'D RUN AROUND, BEAT UP
EVERYBODY AND THEN TAKE OFF,

AND HE NEVER SEEMED VERY SECURE
IN HIS POSITION,

YOU KNOW, FEEL COMFORTABLE
BEING AROUND OTHERS

AND ACTING LIKE THE ALPHA MALE.

HE NEVER REALLY WAS ABLE
TO BUILD THE KIND OF NETWORK

WITH OTHER ADULT MALES.

Watts: BARTOK SEEMED TO SIZE UP
THE SITUATION,

"LOFTY JUST BEAT MWEYA.

I COULD DO THAT."

[ ANIMAL CALLING ]

Watts: WHEN MWEYA GAVE
IN TO LOFTY,

BARTOK STARTED
TO CHALLENGE MWEYA,

AND HE WON.

SO HE BECAME NUMBER TWO,
AND MWEYA BECAME NUMBER THREE.

BUT MWEYA AND BARTOK
STAYED ALLIES.

ONCE HE HAD BECOME NUMBER TWO,
PRETTY QUICKLY JUST DECIDED,

"I SHOULD BE THE ALPHA MALE."

LOFTY WAS SOMEONE WHO KIND OF
BULLIED HIS WAY TO THE TOP.

BARTOK WAS MORE OF
A POLITICAL TACTICIAN.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

Potts:
HE'S NOT THE BIGGEST MALE.

YOU KNOW, HE WAS
AMONG THE BIGGEST.

BUT BARTOK KNEW
WHO TO MAKE FRIENDS WITH,

AND SO HE MADE FRIENDS
WITH THE BIG GUYS,

AND THAT WORKED
TO HIS ADVANTAGE.

♪♪

HE GROOMED SELECTIVELY
WITH OTHERS

SORT OF TO BUILD THESE BONDS
WITH THOSE OTHERS.

♪♪

Watts: HE DID THE SAME THING
WITH HARE.

HE STILL HAD MWEYA,
AND HE DID IT TO SOME

OTHER MALE CHIMPANZEES, TOO.

LOFTY NOW HAD THE PROBLEM
THAT HE HAD THIS OTHER MALE

WHO WAS BUILDING THAT KIND
OF ALLIANCE NETWORK,

SO IT WAS NOT JUST GOING
TO BE HIM AGAINST BARTOK.

HE HAD MOSTLY JUST HIMSELF.

AND, AS A RESULT OF THAT,
I THINK THAT HAD A LOT TO DO

WITH HIM HAVING SUCH
A SHORT REIGN AT THE TOP.

♪♪

[ APES GRUNTING, SCREAMING ]

Watts: BARTOK AND FOUR MALES...

[ GRUNTING,
SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

...SHOWING THAT,
"I'VE GOT HARE BEHIND ME.

I'VE GOT MWEYA BEHIND ME."

[ APES SCREAMING ]

SO MANY MALES JUMPED ON LOFTY

AND BEAT HIM UP.

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

LOFTY REALLY GETS BEATEN
BY THIS TEAM OF OTHERS MALES,

AND AFTER THAT,
BARTOK WAS THE ALPHA MALE.

♪♪

[ GRUNTING ]

♪♪

WITHIN ABOUT A YEAR
AND A HALF OF WHEN LOFTY

HAD WON AGAINST MWEYA,

BARTOK WON AGAINST LOFTY
AND BECAME THE ALPHA MALE.

WELL, YOU COULD TELL IT
BECAUSE LOFTY WOULD

COME UP TO BARTOK
AND PANT-GRUNT.

THOSE CHIMPS WHO PLAY THAT GAME
OF JUST SHEER POWER

NEVER SEEM TO LAST VERY LONG
AT THE TOP SPOT.

♪♪

IT'S THE GUYS WHO HAVE
THE SOCIAL SMARTS

AND ARE ABLE TO DEVELOP,

YOU KNOW, THESE
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

WITH OTHERS WHO TURN OUT
TO LAST MUCH LONGER

IN THE ALPHA POSITION.

Potts:
AND HE DID VERY, VERY WELL.

HE WAS A VERY LONG-TENURED
ALPHA MALE.

♪♪

A LOT OF THESE REALLY
BIG-BODIED MALES,

WHO WERE REALLY THE
MOST AGGRESSIVE ONES

OUT THERE AT THE TIME,

HELPED HIM MAINTAIN
HIS ALPHA STATUS.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

AND THOSE WERE THE GUYS
WHO ENSURED HE STAYED IN POWER.

[ APE HOWLS ]

REALLY, I THINK IT WAS
SOME OF THESE OTHER MALES

WHO WERE MORE KEEN ON HUNTING

AND PATROLLING THAN BARTOK WAS.

♪♪

ELLINGTON WAS AN AMAZING
CHARACTER.

Langergraber:
HE DIDN'T SEEM TOO CONCERNED

WITH BEING NUMBER ONE
IN THE HIERARCHY,

BUT ALL THE OTHER CHIMPS
SEEMED TO REALLY LIKE HIM.

HE WAS REALLY WELL-RESPECTED.

THERE'D BE, YOU KNOW,
20 CHIMPS SITTING AROUND,

GROOMING ONE ANOTHER, RELAXING.

AND THEN ONE CHIMPANZEE
WILL GET UP

AND START WALKING
IN THAT DIRECTION.

THAT CHIMPANZEE WAS ELLINGTON.

AND THEN THIS WOULD
BE A DOMINO EFFECT.

PRETTY SOON THEN,
ALL OF THE CHIMPANZEES

ARE FOLLOWING ELLINGTON,

GOING IN A BEELINE FOR THE EDGE
OF THEIR TERRITORY.

ELLINGTON PLAYED A KEY ROLE
IN LEADING PATROLS AND DECIDING

WHEN IT WAS TIME
TO GET MOVING AND,

"LET'S GO DO SOMETHING."

THE COMMANDER,
THAT'S WHAT WE CALLED HIM.

Mitani:
YOU KNOW, THE STRANGE THING
ABOUT ELLINGTON, ALTHOUGH HE,

TOO WAS A VERY STRONG
AND POWERFUL MALE,

HE NEVER ROSE
TO THE ABSOLUTE TOP

AND TO THE ALPHA POSITION.

HE DIDN'T CARE THAT MUCH
ABOUT BEING ALPHA MALE.

IT WAS MORE LIKE, "OH, WELL.
OKAY, BARTOK, OR WHOEVER,

IF YOU INSIST THAT
I MUST PANT-GRUNT

TO YOU, I WILL DO SO.

NOW, PLEASE, CAN WE GO LOOK
FOR OTHER CHIMPS TO KILL?"

♪♪

THE FIRST TIME THAT ANYONE HERE
SAW A FATAL ATTACK

ON A CHIMPANZEE

WHO WAS A MEMBER
OF ANOTHER COMMUNITY

WAS ACTUALLY GODFREY,

ONE OF OUR FIELD ASSISTANTS.

I SAW EVERYTHING.

ELLINGTON LED A PATROL,
AND THEY WENT OFF TO THE EAST

AND A BIT NORTH

TO WHAT WAS UNDOUBTEDLY

THAT COMMUNITY'S TERRITORY.

THEN I FOLLOWED THEM.
I KNEW THERE WAS SOMETHING.

I MEAN, THEY ARE
AFTER SOMETHING.

AND THEY FOUND
A MALE CHIMPANZEE,

AND THEY SURROUNDED HIM.

AND, FOR A MOMENT
THERE WAS THIS STANDOFF,

AND THEN ELLINGTON LAUNCHED
AN ATTACK ON HIM.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

Mbabazi: AND THEY CAUGHT IT,

BITING, BIT THE EARS,

THEN REMOVED THE TESTICLES.

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

THEN THEY KILLED IT.

♪♪

Potts: IT'S NECESSARY.

THEY HAVE TO BE AGGRESSIVE
TOWARDS NEIGHBORS

IF THEY'RE GOING TO
MAINTAIN THEIR TERRITORY,

BUT THEY ALSO HAVE
TO BE PEACEFUL

AND COOPERATIVE AT OTHER TIMES.

Watts: ELLINGTON AND HARE HAD
A VERY STRONG SOCIAL BOND

WITH EACH OTHER.

THEY SPENT A LOT
OF TIME TOGETHER.

THEY GROOMED WITH
EACH OTHER A LOT.

THEY JUST HAD
A GOOD RELATIONSHIP.

WE COULD CALL CHIMPANZEES
MALE-BONDED.

THEY COMPETE WITH EACH OTHER.

THEY'RE RIVALS,
BUT THEY ALSO

JUST GET ALONG
WITH EACH OTHER IN WAYS

THAT ARE REALLY RARE
IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

BUT THAT ARE CHARACTERISTIC
OF HUMANS, TOO.

ONE MORNING, I WENT OUT
AND FOUND HARE AND ELLINGTON

NOT WITH ANYONE ELSE.

AND I DECIDED, "OKAY, I'LL JUST
FOLLOW THEM, SEE WHO THEY MEET."

WELL, THEY DIDN'T
MEET ANYONE ELSE.

SO I SPENT THE DAY
JUST WITH THE TWO OF THEM.

AND IT WAS NOT UNCOMMON
THAT THE TWO OF THEM

WOULD BE TOGETHER ALL DAY LONG.

THE FACT THAT THESE KILLERS

CAN ALSO BE VERY PEACEFUL,

VERY TRANQUIL,
VERY COOPERATIVE,

I THINK IT JUST SHOWS
HOW COMPLEX THESE ANIMALS ARE

AND REALLY HOW SIMILAR
THEY ARE TO HUMANS.

Watts: HUMANS ARE THE ONLY
PRIMATES IN WHICH THE WHITES

OF THE EYES ARE VISIBLE.

YOU CAN TELL AT A DISTANCE
WITH ANOTHER PERSON

WHERE THEY ARE LOOKING.

YOU CAN SEE THE CONTRAST
BETWEEN THE DARKER COLOR

IN THE MIDDLE OF THE EYE
AND THE WHITES OF THE EYES.

IN HUMANS, THAT CAME TO HAVE

SOME SOCIAL IMPORTANCE
IN COMMUNICATION.

WELL, YOU'RE NOT
LISTENING TO ME ANYMORE.

YOU'RE LOOKING OVER THERE.
I'VE LOST YOUR ATTENTION.

AND WE'RE HIGHLY AWARE OF IT
AND SENSITIZED

TO PEOPLE'S EYES
AND WHERE THEY'RE LOOKING.

IT'S HOW WE RESPOND
TO EACH OTHER,

HOW WE INTERPRET EACH
OTHER'S PURPOSE, YOU KNOW?

WHAT ARE THEY
GOING TO DO NEXT?

OTHER PRIMATES,
INCLUDING CHIMPANZEES,

YOU JUST LOOK AT THEM
AND SEE BROWN EYES.

AND THAT DOES APPLY
TO MOST CHIMPANZEES,

BUT NOT ALL OF THEM.

♪♪

YOU COULD ALWAYS SEE
WHERE PINCER WAS LOOKING

AS HE LOOKS TO THE RIGHT
OR HE LOOKS TO THE LEFT.

Mitani: IT WAS QUITE OBVIOUS
WHEN PINCER WAS LOOKING AT YOU,

A BIT UNNERVING.

HIS EYES WERE LIKE
A PERSON'S EYES.

Potts:
YOU KNOW, IF YOU WATCH PINCER
IN THE BIG GROUP OF MALES,

IF HE MAKES EVEN
A VERY SUBTLE MOVE...

LET'S SAY HE TURNS HIS HEAD

TO LOOK AT SOMETHING
THAT HE HEARD.

ALMOST AS SOON AS HE DOES THAT,

EVERYBODY ELSE IN THE GROUP
LOOKS IN THE SAME DIRECTION.

♪♪

Mitani: WHAT'S SURPRISING
ABOUT PINCER'S STORY

IS THAT HE WAS NEVER A
PARTICULARLY HIGH-RANKING MALE.

HE WAS JUST PLAYING AN ENTIRELY
DIFFERENT GAME THAN,

YOU KNOW, YOUR CLASSIC STORY

OF WHAT MALE CHIMPANZEES
ARE SUPPOSED TO BE DOING.

ONE OF THE STRANGE THINGS
ABOUT NGOGO CHIMPANZEES

IS THAT MANY OF THEM

DO HAVE THE SCLERA OR WHITES

TO THEIR EYES FOR REASONS
THAT I'M NOT SURE WE UNDERSTAND.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

Watts: IT HAD BECOME WELL KNOWN
THAT THE COMMUNITY HERE

WAS REALLY BIG,

AND THE HUNTING, IN PARTICULAR,
CAUGHT PEOPLE'S ATTENTION.

Wallauer: I HAVE SPENT MOST
OF MY ADULT LIFE

FOLLOWING CHIMPS WITH A CAMERA.

SINCE FEBRUARY 1993, THAT'S WHAT
I'VE DEDICATED MY LIFE TO DO.

I FIRST HEARD ABOUT NGOGO
THROUGH THE GRAPEVINE.

I JUMPED IN A CHARTER PLANE
AND CAME TO NGOGO.

I JUST COULDN'T WAIT TO SEE IT.

I HAD NO IDEA WHAT TO EXPECT.

I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO VISUALIZE.

HUGE COMMUNITY, LOTS OF MALES,
THEY GO ON HUNTING PATROLS.

THAT'S SOMETHING I HAD
NEVER EVEN HEARD OF BEFORE.

[ TREES RUSTLING,
BRANCHES SNAP ]

NICE.

AS IT UNFOLDS,
THEY GET QUIETER AND QUIETER.

♪♪A

THEY SIT AND LISTEN.

THEY'RE LOOKING OFF CUES
FROM EACH OTHER.

THEY MAKE EYE CONTACT,
AND THEY LOOK IN THE DIRECTION.

AND THEN YOU START HEARING,
WHOOSH,

WHOOSH IN THE VEGETATION.

[ TREES RUSTLING ]

AND HEAR THE COLOBUS
START TO MOVE.

♪♪

♪♪

[ MONKEYS SCREAMING ]

THESE RED COLOBUS MONKEY
MALES ARE HUGE,

AND THEY WILL COME DOWN
THE TREE AT YOU.

AND THAT'S WHY ONLY THE BRAVEST
ONES AND THE TOUGHEST ONES

ARE ABLE TO BREAK THROUGH
THOSE LINES OF COLOBUS MALES.

♪♪

THEY CAN GO THROUGH THE CANOPY
AT ALL-OUT PACE,

LIKE A FULL RUN
CHASING THESE MONKEYS.

♪♪

[ MONKEY SCREAMING ]

17 HUNTS IN 10 DAYS.

♪♪

[ APES SCREAMING ]

Mitani: IN 2002,
ALL HELL BROKE LOOSE

IN TERMS OF NGOGO CHIMPANZEES
KILLING MONKEYS.

MANY SUCCESSFUL HUNTS,

MANY DEAD RED COLOBUS.

THEY'RE PURSUIT PREDATORS
OF THE RED COLOBUS.

YOU KNOW, THEY'LL JUST CONTINUE
TO DRIVE AND RUN AFTER THEM.

[ APES GRUNTING ]

Mitani: THEY HUNTED ON AVERAGE
ONCE EACH AND EVERY DAY.

♪♪

[ APES GIBBERING ]

♪♪

[ APES SCREAMING ]

Watts: THE SINGLE-HUNT RECORD,

13 RED COLOBUS MONKEYS
IN ONE HUNT.

THE MONKEYS SUFFERED
QUITE SEVERELY, BADLY.

80 TO 90 PERCENT DECLINE
IN THE RED COLOBUS NUMBERS.

WE USED TO MEET GROUPS
OF RED COLOBUS

REGULARLY IN CERTAIN AREAS.

BACK IN THE DAY, THERE USED
TO BE A GROUP OF RED COLOBUS

THAT LIVED JUST
DOWN THE HILL HERE.

YOU WOULD SEE EVERY DAY.

THOSE GROUPS ARE JUST GONE.

♪♪

Mitani: WHAT CAN YOU DO?

WHAT WILL YOU DO
IN THE SITUATION WHERE YOU HAVE

ONE HIGHLY ENDANGERED
ANIMAL IMPACTING THE LIFE,

THE NUMBERS OF ANOTHER
HIGHLY ENDANGERED ANIMAL

IN SUCH A NEGATIVE WAY?

SO IT'S BAD.

IT'S BAD FOR
THE COLOBUS POPULATION.

THAT'S UNDENIABLY TRUE.

Watts: THEY EAT AS MUCH
MEAT AS THEY CAN.

I MEAN, THEY REALLY JUST
SATIATE THEMSELVES.

THAT'S ANOTHER CHARACTERISTIC
THAT HUMANS

AND CHIMPS SHARE IN COMMON.

WE DON'T CONSERVE RESOURCES.

WE OVERHARVEST RESOURCES.

♪♪

THIS COMMUNITY IS GROWING
EXTREMELY LARGE.

Watts: THE NUMBER OF FEMALES
HAS GONE UP.

THE FEMALES HAVE KIDS.

THE NUMBER OF KIDS GO UP.

THE POPULATION HAS BEEN
INCREASING.

IT'S NOT JUST THAT THIS
IS THE LARGEST GROUP

THAT ANYONE KNOWS OF.

IT'S BY FAR THE LARGEST GROUP
THAT ANYBODY KNOWS OF.

IT'S THREE TIMES LARGER
THAN THE NEXT LARGEST.

♪♪

WHEN IS IT GOING
TO LEVEL OFF?

AT THAT TIME, WE WERE UP
TO MAYBE 170 INDIVIDUALS.

WE REALLY DON'T KNOW
HOW MUCH FURTHER THEY CAN GO.

♪♪

Mitani: WE NOW HAVE A SITUATION
WHERE THERE'S MANY MORE MALES

COMPETING FOR THE TOP SPOT.

SO, YOU KNOW, WHAT ARE
THE RAMIFICATIONS?

[ APES SCREAMING ]

MALE CHIMPANZEES SEEM TO LIVE,
BREATHE AND EAT FOR DOMINANCE

AND STRIVE FOR STATUS.

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

IT'S JUST PART OF THE GAME.

Watts: GRAPPELLI WAS JUST
A PRETTY YOUNG MALE.

HE WAS ABOUT 20 YEARS OLD.

HE HAD A VERY PALE
AND TANNED FACE.

HE WAS QUITE
A GOOD-LOOKING CHIMP,

LITTLE BLACK MARKS
UNDER HIS EYES.

MALES CAN RISE
IN THE HIERARCHY REALLY FAST,

AND HE WAS OF THAT
SORT OF LATE ADOLESCENT AGE

WHERE MALES OFTEN TRY
TO MAKE THEIR MOVE

TO BECOME A POWER PLAYER
IN THE MALE HIERARCHY.

RUNNING AROUND,
BEHAVING AGGRESSIVELY,

[ APE SCREAMING ]

BEATING UP MOTHERS
AND KIDS AND SMALLER,

LOWER-RANKING MALES.

♪♪

CHAOS.

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

Watts: I HAD ACTUALLY THOUGHT
OF PINCER AS MORE

OR LESS GRAPPELLI'S FRIEND,

AND THE SAME WITH BROWN FACE

BECAUSE GRAPPELLI SPENT

A LOT OF TIME
OUT IN THE WEST.

AND, WHEN HE WAS THERE,
HE WAS USUALLY WITH BROWN FACE

AND WITH PINCER.

BUT GRAPPELLI HAD WORKED
HIS WAY UP IN THE HIERARCHY

TO BE ABOVE PINCER.

Langergraber:
A BIG PART OF BEING
A MALE CHIMPANZEE IS KNOWING

WHEN TO SHOW SUBMISSION

AND WHO TO SHOW SUBMISSION TO

AND WHEN TO CHARGE AROUND

AND INTIMIDATE
OTHER CHIMPANZEES.

SO HE MIGHT HAVE BEEN DOING
NOT ENOUGH FOR THE FORMER

AND TOO MUCH OF THE LATTER.

♪♪

Watts:
IT WAS 2002, OCTOBER 29TH.

SOMETHING HAPPENED THAT
I WOULD HAVE NEVER EXPECTED

IN THE CHIMP COMMUNITY,

WHETHER HERE OR IN GOMBE.

I JUST -- I'D NEVER HEARD OF
THIS THING THAT I SAW HAPPENING.

BILL AND I WERE FOLLOWING
ABOUT EIGHT OR SO OF THE MALES.

GROOMING IN A PATH,
WE WERE WAY OUT TO THE WEST.

Watts:
AND WE HEARD SOMEONE SCREAM.

[ APES SCREAMING IN DISTANCE ]

DAVID AND I, YOU KNOW,
KIND OF LOOKED AT ONE ANOTHER

AND IT'S, LIKE, EXCITEMENT.

I BRIEFLY WAS THINKING,
"WHY WERE THEY SO UPSET?

WHAT'S GOING ON?"

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

Wallauer:
AND WE ARRIVED ON THIS SCENE.

THEY ACTUALLY ATTACKED
ONE OF THEIR OWN.

BROWN FACE AND PINCER
AND MOST, BUT NOT ALL,

OF THE NGOGO CHIMPANZEES

WERE ATTACKING SOMEONE.

[ APES GRUNTING, SCREAMING ]

AND I QUICKLY REALIZED
THEY WERE ATTACKING GRAPPELLI

AND THAT HE WAS IN REAL TROUBLE.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

Wallauer: CHIMPS DON'T MAKE
A NICE, CLEAN KILL.

THEY BITE AND HIT.

POP, POP, POP.

Watts: HARE HAD BEEN WITH US
AT THE START,

BUT HE DIDN'T ATTACK GRAPPELLI.

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

AND THEN EVERYONE LET GO OF HIM.

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

♪♪

AND THEN IT WAS BROWN FACE

WHO ACTUALLY GRABBED HIM
AND BIT HIM IN THE SHOULDER,

AT WHICH POINT THE OTHERS
PILED ON AGAIN.

Wallauer: BOTH DAVID
AND I WERE IN SHOCK.

WE STOOD THERE SIDE BY SIDE,

AND I COULD HEAR HIM
SAYING SOMETHING IN DISTRESS.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

Watts: IN THIS CASE, I COULDN'T
JUST NOT GO THERE BECAUSE,

FOR YEARS ALREADY,

I HAD BEEN FOLLOWING THIS CHIMP,

AND YOU KNOW, KNEW HIM
AS AN INDIVIDUAL.

[ APES GIBBERING ]

Wallauer: FOLLOWING THE ATTACK,
WHICH WAS BRUTAL,

GRAPPELLI CLIMBED A TREE.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

THE OTHERS, THEY WERE
CHARGING AROUND,

DISPLAYING AND CALLING
UNDERNEATH HIM.

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

Wallauer: IN AGONY,
BLEEDING

AND STRETCHED
ACROSS THIS LIMB

WITH HIS PITIFUL MOANS.

[ APE GROANING ]

AND I JUST KEPT DOCUMENTING
THE STORY IN AUTO MODE.

I DON'T EVEN
REMEMBER IT, REALLY.

I JUST KNOW I'M SUPPOSED
TO DO THIS,

AND I WAS SO CLOSE TO TEARS

THAT I COULD HARDLY SHOOT.

YOU KNOW, THERE'S NO WAY ANOTHER
ANIMAL COULD SURVIVE THAT.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

Watts: HARE CLIMBED UP
NEAR GRAPPELLI,

AND HE STARTED SWAYING
TO WHO EVER IT WAS

WHO WAS APPROACHING,

REALLY AS IF
TO FEND HIM OFF, LIKE,

"I'M NOT GOING TO LET YOU
COME CLOSER."

[ GROANING ]

HARE, HE WAS UPSET BY
WHAT HAD HAPPENED,

AND HE WAS PROTECTING GRAPPELLI.

[ GROANS ]

IT'S AS IF HE HAD DECIDED
THAT SOMETHING WAS WRONG,

THAT HE DIDN'T LIKE
WHAT HAD HAPPENED

AND THAT HE DIDN'T WANT
ANY MORE OF IT.

[ GROANING ]

♪♪

GRAPPELLI CAME DOWN,

AND THE OTHER CHIMPS
HAD GONE THAT WAY.

HE SLOWLY WALKED OFF THIS WAY.

AND I FOLLOWED HIM A WAY,
AND THEN I THINK

I JUST DIDN'T WANT
TO FOLLOW HIM ANYMORE.

HARE, LIKE, SEEMING TO
REALLY CARE FOR GRAPPELLI

AND JUST GAVE HIM A LITTLE BIT
OF COMPANY THERE AT THE END.

Watts: THAT WAS THE LAST THAT
ANYONE ACTUALLY SAW HIM.

♪♪

IT WAS ABOUT 10 DAYS LATER
THAT WE FOUND HIS SKELETON.

THE ANTS HAD FOUND THIS IMMENSE
FEAST AND JUST MOVED IN

AND ESTABLISHED A COLONY

WHERE POOR GRAPPELLI HAD DIED
AND BASICALLY EATEN HIM.

[ WIND BLOWING ]

Ndagizi: I DON'T KNOW
WHY THEY KILLED HIM.

Watts: WHY DID IT HAPPEN?

HERE'S THIS YOUNG MALE WHO'S NOT
VERY WELL INTEGRATED SOCIALLY,

BUT WHO SEEMS TO BE
PRETTY AMBITIOUS,

WHO MAYBE SOME OF THEM
SEE AS A RIVAL.

SUDDENLY HE'S OUTNUMBERED,
AND THEY CAN REALLY HURT HIM,

SO THEY DO.

OF THE MALES WHO ACTUALLY
PARTOOK, PINCER WAS THE ONLY ONE

WHO WAS LOWER-RANKING THAN HIM.

TO PINCER, HE WAS SOMEONE WHO
WAS DEFINITELY A THREAT INSOFAR

AS IT REALLY MATTERED
TO HAVE A FEW MORE PLACES

IN THE DOMINANCE HIERARCHY.

HE MIGHT, IN SOME WAY,
HAVE DECIDED THAT,

"WELL, HERE'S THIS GUY
WHO HAS WON AGAINST ME.

I'M SUBORDINATE TO HIM.

I HAVE A CHANCE TO CHANGE THAT,

AND I'LL BE DOMINANT
TO HIM AND, IN FACT,

I'LL MAKE SURE THAT
HE'S NOT GOING

TO CHALLENGE ME ANYTIME SOON,

AND MAYBE NEVER AGAIN."

Langergraber: WE HAVE SOME
CERTAIN THINGS IN NGOGO

THAT ALMOST YOU COULD CALL LORE
AT THIS POINT.

THEY'RE REALLY INTERESTING
STORIES THAT HAVE HAPPENED,

THAT GET TOLD AGAIN

AND AGAIN AND GET PASSED ON.

EVEN THE GRADUATE STUDENTS
NOW WILL BE LIKE,

"TELL ME THE STORY
ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED TO HARE

WHEN ELLINGTON WENT MISSING."

SINCE THE BEGINNING
OF THE STUDY,

THEY'D BEEN VERY CLOSE ALLIES,

SPENDING A LOT
OF THEIR TIME TOGETHER.

♪♪

WHENEVER THE STORY IS TOLD,

PEOPLE LIKE TO SPECULATE
THAT ELLINGTON

WAS PROBABLY SOMEWHERE OUT
IN THE EAST

AND THAT HE'D GO SORT OF
TO THE EDGE OF THE TERRITORY

AND SIT ON A RIDGE, SORT OF SIT

AND QUIETLY LISTEN
FOR NEIGHBORS, PROBABLY.

AND WE SUSPECTED THAT
PROBABLY WAS HIS UNDOING.

YOU KNOW, HE PROBABLY WENT OFF
LIKE THAT ONE TIME ON HIS OWN,

AND THE NEIGHBORS GOT HIM.

ELLINGTON DIED.

IT WAS A CONSPICUOUS ABSENCE.

[ BIRDS SINGING ]

HARE WAS PREVIOUSLY
A VERY SOCIAL CHIMP

WHO LIKED TO HANG AROUND
WITH THESE BIG GROUPS OF MALES.

BUT HARE WOULD JUST SHOW UP,

SEEM TO LOOK AROUND,

LOOK AT THE OTHER CHIMPS

AS IF HE WAS LOOKING
FOR ELLINGTON,

BUT THEN NOT STAY FOR VERY LONG

AND GO ON HIS WAY.

♪♪

I WAS GETTING THE IMPRESSION
THAT, YOU KNOW,

HARE WAS DEPRESSED,

DIDN'T WANT TO HANG OUT
WITH OTHER CHIMPS,

AND THAT HE WAS REALLY,
FOR A WHILE,

REALLY SEARCHING
FOR HIS LONG-TIME FRIEND.

♪♪

Potts:
WE KNOW THAT NGOGO IS SURROUNDED

BY A LOT OF OTHER CHIMPS,

SOME VERY BIG COMMUNITIES.

INTERCOMMUNITY FATALITIES
ARE PROBABLY VERY HIGH.

BACK IN 2004,
DAVID AND I WERE FOLLOWING

A BIG GROUP OF MALES
WAY OUT WEST.

WE STARTED HEARING THESE
ALARM VOCALIZATIONS UP AHEAD,

AND THE CHIMPS WE WERE WITH GOT
REALLY EXCITED AND WORRIED,

AND THEY STARTED
RUSHING AHEAD...

[ APES SCREAMING ]

...AND WE FOLLOWED THEM.

THEY WERE LOOKING
AT SOMETHING.

WE REALIZED THEY WERE
LOOKING AT A CHIMPANZEE

WHO WAS ALIVE BUT BARELY.

I THINK LAWRENCE WAS
THE FIRST ONE TO REALIZE,

"THAT'S BRANFORD."

[ APES GIBBERING ]

THEY WERE ACTING IN A WAY THAT I
HAD NEVER SEEN THEM ACT BEFORE.

IT WAS VERY DRAMATIC

BECAUSE I KNEW BRANFORD
VERY WELL.

AND IN THAT MOMENT,
I WONDERED IF THE CHIMPS

WERE FEELING THE SAME WAY.

♪♪

AND THEN WE STARTED HEARING
MORE ALARM CALLS UP AHEAD...

[ APES SCREAMING ]

...AND GOT TO A PLACE

A FEW HUNDRED METERS
FARTHER ON,

WHICH MUST HAVE BEEN WHERE
THE ACTUAL ATTACK HAPPENED,

AND BRANFORD HAD MADE IT
THAT FAR AWAY FROM THE SITE.

AND THERE'S WALLER.

THESE POOR NGOGO MALES
WERE TRAPPED THERE

AND GREATLY OUTNUMBERED
AND WERE KILLED.

[ APES GIBBERING ]

IT WAS VERY DISTURBING,

AND I STILL THINK
ABOUT THAT DAY.

[ INSECTS BUZZING ]

SO DESPITE THE FACT THAT NGOGO
IS THIS HUGE COMMUNITY

WITH ALL THESE MALES,

IF THOSE TWO MALES HAPPEN TO BE

ON THE PERIPHERY OF THEIR HOME
RANGE AT THE WRONG TIME,

IT DOESN'T MATTER
HOW LARGE THE COMMUNITY IS.

THEY'RE STILL IN TROUBLE.

THERE IS NO RELATIONSHIPS
OUTSIDE THE NGOGO COMMUNITY.

EVERYBODY ELSE IS A STRANGER,
AND THEY ARE HOSTILE TO ME,

AND I'M HOSTILE TO THEM.

Potts: THERE WERE A LOT
OF BORDER PATROLS AT THAT TIME.

♪♪

[ APES GRUNTING, SCREAMING ]

I WOULD NEVER HAVE ANTICIPATED
FOR THE EVENTS

THAT SUBSEQUENTLY UNFOLDED
TO HAVE UNFOLDED.

♪♪

Potts: CHIMPANZEE COMMUNITIES
FIGHT OVER PARTICULAR AREAS

WITH RICH SETS OF RESOURCES,

AND THAT IS CERTAINLY SOMETHING

THAT WE SEE IN HUMANS.

♪♪

THERE ARE A LOT
OF DISTURBING SIMILARITIES

BETWEEN HUMANS AND CHIMPANZEES

IN THE WAY
THAT WE CARRY OUT WAR.

THEY'RE VERY MUCH
IN MILITARY MODE.

♪♪

[ APES ROARING ]

Mosher: THEY MEAN BUSINESS WHEN
THEY USE THEIR PATROL ROARS.

IT'S VERY DEEP.

YOU KNOW SOMEONE'S
GOING TO GET HURT.

WE HAVE A HUGE CHIMP COMMUNITY,
AND THEY'RE VERY SUCCESSFUL

AT KILLING FOR THAT REASON.

♪♪

[ APE GIBBERS ]

♪♪

[ APES SCREAMING ]

HARD TO WATCH,

IT'S BRUTAL AND DISTURBING.

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

♪♪

♪♪

[ APES SCREAMING ]

♪♪

[ APES SCREAMING ]

NGOGO STILL IS THE SITE
THAT HAS ACCOUNTED

FOR THE MOST FATAL ATTACKS

OF ALL CHIMPANZEE STUDY SITES.

WHY?
YOU KNOW, WHAT'S THE PURPOSE?

WHAT'S THE FUNCTION?

WHAT'S THE POINT?

IN 2009, PART OF THE ANSWER
UNFOLDED HERE

IN A QUITE DRAMATIC WAY.

♪♪

THE CHIMPS HERE IN NGOGO

STARTED TO MOVE UP TO AN AREA

TO THE NORTHEAST
OF THEIR TERRITORY.

IT WAS A BIG GROUP WITH LOTS
OF FEMALES AND KIDS.

THEY WEREN'T PATROLLING,
LOOKING FOR NEIGHBORS.

[ APES GIBBERING ]

♪♪

SORT OF SCRATCHED MY HEAD

DURING THAT SUMMER
THINKING ABOUT MATTERS,

AND I REALIZED THAT,

OF ALL THE KILLING EPISODES

THAT WE HAD WITNESSED PREVIOUS

TO THAT SUMMER OF 2009,

THAT A LOT OF THEM
HAD HAPPENED UP THERE.

♪♪

[ APES GIBBERING ]

OVER THE COURSE OF 10 YEARS,

THEY HAD KILLED
SO MANY MEMBERS

FROM THAT NEIGHBORING COMMUNITY

THAT THEY HAD REDUCED
THE COALITIONARY STRENGTH

OF THAT NEIGHBORING GROUP
TO AN EXTENT WHERE OUR CHIMPS

COULD SIMPLY MOVE IN
AND MAKE THIS BIG LAND GRAB

AND EXPAND THEIR TERRITORY
IN A QUITE SIGNIFICANT WAY.

♪♪

[ ANIMALS CALLING ]

♪♪

THERE'S A LOT OF TREES
UP IN THAT AREA,

AND THAT'S WHAT THEY WERE
GOING UP THERE TO EXPLOIT.

[ MONKEY SCREAMING ]

AN AREA THAT WAS
FORBIDDEN IN THE PAST,

NOT ANYMORE.

♪♪

[ BIRDS SINGING ]

♪♪

AND THAT IS IMPORTANT
FOR THE HEALTH OF FEMALES

AND OF THEIR INFANTS,

WHO ARE THE OFFSPRING
OF THE MALES,

WHO ARE THE MAIN PARTICIPANTS
IN THE AGGRESSION.

HE WAS THE PRESIDENT,
THE HEAD OF THE CHIMPS, I THINK.

THE CHIMPS HERE AT NGOGO DONE
A PRETTY GOOD JOB

OF KILLING OTHERS
AND NEIGHBORING COMMUNITIES.

I CAN'T HELP BUT THINK THAT,
YOU KNOW,

THEY ARE GETTING AS GOOD
AS THEY'VE GIVEN TO OTHERS.

♪♪

Langergraber: IN SPRING OF 2014,

SEVERAL PRIME ADULTS MALES

WHO WERE, YOU KNOW,
HAD NO INDICATION

OF BEING SICK OR ILL OR ANYTHING
LIKE THAT, WENT MISSING.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

Potts: IN MOST CASES,
WE DON'T KNOW WHAT HAPPENS.

THEY JUST DISAPPEAR FOR AWHILE.

AND AFTER A CERTAIN AMOUNT
OF TIME, WE SAY, "ALL RIGHT.

THEY MUST BE DEAD."

BUT THEN, YEAH, YOU START
THINKING, "WHAT DID HAPPEN?"

Watts: LOFTY DISAPPEARED
AROUND THAT TIME.

PINCER DISAPPEARED
AROUND THAT TIME.

♪♪

[ BIRDS SINGING ]

♪♪

SPEND ENOUGH TIME
WITH THESE INDIVIDUALS.

THEY BECOME SORT OF
LIKE FRIENDS.

WHEN I WAS HERE, FOR EXAMPLE,
DOING MY DISSERTATION RESEARCH,

I SAW THOSE GUYS
FAR MORE FREQUENTLY

THAN I SAW ANY PERSON.
[ CHUCKLES ]

AND SO IT'S HARD NOT TO BECOME
ATTACHED TO SOME OF THESE GUYS.

AND SO WHEN YOU HEAR
ABOUT THEM GOING MISSING,

IT JUST KIND OF BREAKS MY HEART.

SO I GRIEVE FOR THEIR LOSS
THE WAY I WOULD A FRIEND.

Mitani:
LOFTY WAS AN AMAZING GUY.

HE WOULD ALWAYS LOOK UP
INTO THE SKY.

I THOUGHT HE WAS PRAYING.

I HAVE THIS GREAT PICTURE OF HIM
HOLDING A MONKEY,

GAZING UP INTO THE SKY.

I TELL PEOPLE IT'S THE FIRST
SIGN HE'S PRAYING.

YOU KNOW?
HE'S THANKING THE CHIMPANZEE

GODS IN THE SKY FOR THE BOUNTY
THAT HE HAS BEEN GIVEN.

IT'S THE FIRST SIGN OF RELIGION
WE HAVE IN CHIMPS.

IT DOES LOOK LIKE
HE'S HOLDING UP THIS...

IT'S A GREAT PHOTO.

♪♪

PINCER WAS NEVER THE
HIGHEST RANKING CHIMP

OR NEVER EVEN A VERY
HIGH-RANKING CHIMP AT ALL.

HE WAS SORT OF
A MID-RANKING GUY.

BUT DESPITE THAT, HE HAS
MORE KIDS THAN ANY ALPHA MALE

WE'VE EVER HAD AT NGOGO SIRED,

SO FAR THAT WE KNOW, SEVEN KIDS.

♪♪

THERE'S A LOT OF PINCER'S GENES
THAT ARE GOING TO LIVE ON HERE.

♪♪

Mitani:
DURING THE PAST FEW YEARS,
THE GROUP HAS EXPLODED IN SIZE,

AND THERE'S BEEN
NEAR-EXPONENTIAL GROWTH.

IT WAS ALREADY BIG,
AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE BIGGER

THAN ANY
OTHER CHIMPANZEE COMMUNITY

THAT'S BEEN STUDIED
IN THE WORLD.

AND NOW, ALL OF A SUDDEN,
IT'S GOTTEN EVEN BIGGER.

WE NOW STAND OVER 200
CHIMPANZEES IN THIS COMMUNITY.

[ APES GRUNTING ]

YOU HAVE TO START WONDERING.

CAN THEY HOLD TOGETHER AT 200?

BECAUSE THIS IS JUST SO BIG.

[ APES SCREAMING ]

WE'RE STARTING TO SEE
THESE AGGRESSIVE EPISODES

ERUPT BETWEEN MALES
LIVING TOGETHER HERE.

Watts: MAKING THIS CALLS AS IF,
"NO, WE DON'T KNOW YOU,

AND WE DON'T LIKE YOU,"

THEY ARE ACTING AS
IF THIS IS THE ENEMY.

♪♪

Mitani: JUST WITHIN THE PAST
COUPLE OF YEARS,

I THINK WE'VE STARTED TO GAIN

ONLY THE FIRST GLIMMERINGS

OF SOME ANTAGONISM,

SOME AGGRESSIVENESS

BETWEEN MEMBERS LIVING
WITHIN THIS ONE COMMUNITY.

Watts: IT'S JUST LIKE SOMETHING
WE SAW YESTERDAY.

[ APE SCREAMS ]

♪♪

[ APES SCREAMING ]

♪♪

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

♪♪

[ APES GRUNTING, SCREAMING ]

[ APES ROARING ]

THAT IS A VOCALIZATION

THEY MAKE WHEN IT IS NEIGHBORS.

[ ROARING CONTINUES ]

THEY ARE ACTING AS
IF THIS IS THE ENEMY.

Mosher:
ARE THEY PART OF THEIR GROUP,
OR ARE THEY THE ENEMY?

[ APES ROARING ]

[ ROARING CONTINUES ]

[ APE SCREAMS ]

[ TREES RUSTLING ]

Watts: WE'VE SEEN SOME THINGS
IN THE LAST COUPLE OF YEARS,

DOING THESE DISPLAYS
AND MAKING THESE CALLS

AS IF, "NO."

YOU KNOW?
"WE DON'T KNOW YOU,

AND WE DON'T LIKE YOU."

♪♪

MAYBE THIS IS THE FIRST
SORT OF HINT

THAT A SPLIT MIGHT BE
ON THE HORIZON.

♪♪

Watts: IT GETS TO THE POINT
WHERE THEY REALLY BECOME

DISTINCTIVE SOCIAL GROUPS.

THEN I THINK IT'S GOING TO BE
LIKE, "I MAY REMEMBER WHO ARE,

BUT YOU'RE NOT
MY FRIEND ANYMORE,"

AND THAT THEY'LL BE
HOSTILE TO EACH OTHER.

WE'RE A LITTLE WORRIED
THAT INSTEAD OF BEING, NOW,

THE FORMIDABLE NGOGO COMMUNITY,

THEY WOULD BE MORE VULNERABLE
TO SOME OF THEIR NEIGHBORS,

AND WE DON'T WANT
THAT TO HAPPEN.

♪♪

Mitani: WHAT THE INEVITABLE
RAMIFICATIONS

OF THE LEVEL OF ANTAGONISM

THAT'S BEING SHOWN WILL BE

IS GOING TO BE SOMETHING
INTERESTING TO FOLLOW UP ON.

THAT'S A VERY GOOD POINT.

MAYBE NOT.
I'VE HAD A GOOD RUN.

I'M SORT OF AT THE END
OF MY TENURE HERE.

IT'S BEEN 22 YEARS.

I TURNED ABOUT 62 THE OTHER DAY.

♪♪

Watts: I DON'T KNOW HOW MANY
MORE YEARS I'LL KEEP DOING IT...

PARTLY BECAUSE I'M WEARING
MY KNEES OUT.

THE HILLS HERE ARE GETTING
INCREASINGLY STEEPER.

[ CHUCKLES ]

IT HAS BEEN A LOT OF TIME,
TOO, TO BE OFF IN THE FOREST

INSTEAD OF BACK
IN MY OWN SOCIETY.

Mitani: IN A PERFECT WORLD,
I'D BE HERE

UNTIL MY DYING DAY,
BUT I'M QUITE SURE

THAT'S NOT GOING TO HAPPEN.

THERE'S ANOTHER GENERATION
TO TAKE OVER,

AND IT PROBABLY IS TIME
TO STEP ASIDE SOONER OR LATER.

♪♪

Potts: IT'S BEEN REALLY
INTERESTING WATCHING BARTOK

NOW THAT HE'S
NO LONGER ALPHA MALE,

AND HE'S GETTING
A LITTLE BIT OLDER.

I ALWAYS LIKE TO SAY
THAT HE'S KIND OF ON

HIS RETIREMENT TOUR NOW

BECAUSE WHENEVER I SEE HIM
IN THE FOREST,

HE OFTEN GOES OFF ON HIS OWN.

AND I'M LIKE,
"HE'S DOING IT HERE."

AND HE'LL SLEEP MUCH OF THE DAY.

HE DOESN'T LIKE TO JOIN
THE ACTION

QUITE AS MUCH AS HE USED TO.

HE'S STILL DOING OKAY.

YEAH, I WANT TO MAKE SURE
THAT I HAVE AS MUCH OPPORTUNITY

AS I CAN TO SEE HIM.

♪♪

Langergraber:
MWEYA GOT A LOT GOING ON.

IN 2007, HE LOST
HIS HAND TO A SNARE INJURY.

YOU KNOW, THAT WAS ALMOST
10 YEARS AGO WHEN THAT HAPPENED.

NOW, AGE IS REALLY STARTING
TO CATCH UP WITH HIM,

AND YOU SEE HIM WALKING THROUGH
THESE BIG MUCUSO TREES UP

ON HIGH WHERE HIS LEGS DON'T
HAVE THE STRENGTH THEY USED TO.

HE'S GOT TO RELY ON SORT OF
THE ONE HAND TO KEEP THE SUPPORT

ON THE TRUNK OF THE TREE,

BUT HE'S STILL HERE.

♪♪

NOWADAYS, YOU'LL FIND HARE
IN THE SORT OF CENTRAL PART

OF THE NGOGO TERRITORY,

IS WHERE YOU FIND HIM
MOST OFTEN.

NOW HE'S GOT THESE ORPHANS
TRAILING HIM AROUND.

PEE-WEE AND ERROLL WILL
FOLLOW HIM FOR DAYS ON END.

IT'S HIM AND THESE LITTLE KIDS
WHO SEEM TO LOOK UP TO HIM

AS THE WISE OLD MAN OF NGOGO.

I COULD PROBABLY SUMMARIZE
HARE BEST BY A QUOTE

FROM OUR LONGEST-TERM FIELD
ASSISTANT, ALFRED.

"HARE IS THE NICEST PERSON
AT NGOGO."

[ LAUGHS ]

♪♪

IT'S BEEN INTERESTING TO SEE
THE CHANGES THAT HAVE OCCURRED

AS INDIVIDUALS
HAVE BOTH GROWN UP

FROM YOUTH AND REACHED ADULTHOOD

AND ALSO THE CHANGES
THAT HAVE HAPPENED

TO THE INDIVIDUALS
THAT WE STARTED OFF,

WHO WERE ALREADY ADULTS
AND ARE NOW AGED.

♪♪

ONE OF THE THINGS
I THOUGHT ABOUT FOR YEARS

IS THAT MAYBE WE JUST STEPPED
INTO THIS SITUATION

AT AN OPPORTUNE TIME.

[ APES SCREAM ]

FOR WHATEVER REASON,
WE HAVE THIS WHOLE COLLECTION

OF FAIRLY YOUNG,
LATE-ADOLESCENT,

YOUNG ADULT MALES --

BARTOK, LOFTY, ELLINGTON, HARE,

THAT WHOLE GENERATION.

♪♪

Potts: AND THESE ARE INDIVIDUALS

WHO WILL NEVER LEAVE THE GROUP
IN WHICH THEY WERE BORN.

SO THEY DO GROW UP TOGETHER.

THEY BRING WITH THEM
THEIR OWN PERSONALITIES,

THEIR OWN SETS OF SKILLS.

♪♪

BUT THEY WERE ALLIES.

EACH WOULD BACK THE OTHER UP.

♪♪

US AGAINST THEM.

WE ARE REALLY PART OF ONE
RATHER THAN BEING SEPARATE.

SO THERE IS THIS
UNUSUAL DEMOGRAPHIC BLIP OF

ALL THESE MALES COMING INTO
THEIR PRIME ALL AT ONCE.

♪♪

AND MAYBE IT WAS THAT...

[ APES GRUNTING, SCREAMING ]

THAT CREATED A SITUATION
FOR ALL HELL TO BREAK LOOSE.

[ SCREAMING CONTINUES ]

♪♪

SO KEEP YOUR EYES OPEN,
YOU KNOW?

LET THE CHIMPS
TELL US THE STORY.

AND THAT'S THE GREAT
THING ABOUT CHIMPS.

THEY'RE ALWAYS TELLING US

SOMETHING NEW
AND DIFFERENT.

♪♪