All language subtitles for Mammals s01e03 Water.eng

DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
The deep ocean.

For mammals,

it's one of the most
inhospitable places on Earth.

BEEPING

MAN OVER RADIO: Can we move another
camera to channel three? OK.

Anything we've got. Yeah.

BEEPING

Survival in this alien world...

...requires extreme adaptations.

We have only recently begun
to explore these depths.

BEEPING

So if you're watching on channel
one, the Supersampler is... Yeah.

The heck is that?!

Oh, my gosh!
Oh, my goodness, what is that?

Yet, some mammals
have been coming here

for millions of years.

It's a sperm whale.

Oh, my goodness.
Look at that shape.

WOMAN: Holy cow!

Wow!
Unbelievable.

BEEPING

Like all mammals,
sperm whales breathe air.

Yet, almost a mile underwater,

in the freezing darkness,

they seem completely at home.

They, like many mammals,

have overcome the challenges
of living in water

in the most remarkable ways.

Many mammals, encountering water,

prefer to do no more
than dip their toes into it.

Northern Sri Lanka,
late in the dry season.

A troop of macaques

are looking for what little fruit
is left in the forest.

Their search has brought them
to a jungle pool.

But there's more for them here

than just a refreshing drink.

Water lilies.

Enough to fill the empty stomachs
of the entire troop.

But the flowers
are just out of reach.

Got it!

But a single flower
merely whets the appetite.

For the real prize...

...they must take the plunge.

For an animal that spends
nearly all of its time on land,

macaques are surprisingly
competent in water.

They're looking for
the lilies' juicy seed pods...

...which are packed
full of nutrients.

An excellent solution to the
macaques' seasonal food crisis.

LOUD SPLASH

Thanks to their natural curiosity...

...and willingness
to explore new opportunities...

...these macaques have discovered
that it can pay to jump into water.

Freshwater ponds in a jungle
may be few and far between.

In Central Canada, however,

water is everywhere.

Moist soil is easy to dig...

...and just underground

there is a network of tunnels.

The work of a particularly
industrious little mammal.

SNIFFING

A star-nosed mole.

Virtually blind,

he relies on his
super-sensitive nose.

It's not just for smelling.

It's also...

...for feeling.

And it is 100 times more sensitive

than our own fingertips.

To fuel his active lifestyle,

he must eat up to twice
his body weight every day.

And worms, as they burrow,

simply drop into his tunnels
of their own accord.

Life underground can be pretty good.

THUNDER RUMBLES

HEAVY RAINFALL

But every spring,

torrential rain saturates the soil.

Before long,
the mole's tunnels are flooded.

He can hold his breath
for little more than 30 seconds.

He must get out or he'll drown.

Made it!

But having taken a breath...

...he dives straight back in.

Large feet, excellent for digging,

also make very effective paddles.

And his water-resistant coat

keeps him warm...

...so he's well equipped
for swimming.

But, nonetheless, there's a problem.

How do you sniff out prey
underwater?

AIR BLOWS

First, he blows bubbles
into the submerged leaves.

Smells pass into them.

And sniffing them with his nose

enables him to detect
something edible...

...so he can locate possible prey
even underwater.

Star-nosed moles
are one of the few mammals

that are just as at home in the
water as they are in soil.

Beyond land,

the oceans that cover
two-thirds of our planet

are full of possible food.

For most mammals, it's out of reach.

But that doesn't stop some
from trying to get it.

A female coyote,

patrolling the Pacific coast
of Mexico.

Living on the edge of a desert

means often relying
on the ocean for food.

SEA BIRDS CALL

This female would make a meal
of a sea bird

if only she could catch one.

BIRDS SQUAWK

She can't afford to keep failing.

SEA BIRDS CAW

Driven by hunger, she moves on.

The desert stretches 2,000 miles

along Mexico's Baja coast.

Coyotes living here
are forced to explore

tangled mangroves and deep creeks.

SEA BIRDS CAW

After a long day
under the desert sun,

persistence pays off.

A dead body cast up by the waves.

It's the carcass of a grey whale...

...rotting in the sun.

Enough to feed her for months.

PATTERING

But other hungry beachcombers
have found it, too.

GROWLS

SNARLS

They quarrel over the best bits.

But a 40-tonne whale is more
than enough food to go round.

The daily tides
provide so much food

that the Baja's Pacific coastline

supports up to 14 times
the number of coyotes

than occur inland.

HOWLING

But extending scavenging on shore

to hunting in the sea

requires very different skills.

Nonetheless, 50 million years ago,

the ancestors of marine mammals

started to do exactly that.

A bottlenose dolphin
and her two young

cruise the shallows of Florida Bay.

The coastal waters here
are full of fish.

But much of the bay
is less than a metre deep.

For a large mammal with a tail
that beats up and down,

just moving around here
is a challenge.

But she has a simple solution.

She swims on her side.

But it's still a struggle
to keep up with a fish.

Let alone catch one.

And a single fish won't feed
a family.

But this intelligent mother
has another,

even more ingenious, solution.

Beating her tail,

she churns up the water...

...creating a muddy barrier...

...around a shoal of fish.

In a bid to escape...

...the fish are forced...

...to leap.

She's not the only one
that gets a meal.

Her young family can also feed.

But rings of muddy water

aren't the only way in which
dolphins hunt in Florida.

This family uses an S-shaped barrier

to spook the fish.

Why Florida's dolphins
use different shapes

remains a mystery.

But this ingenuity

enables marine mammals

to move far beyond the shallows.

Californian sea lions.

BARKING

They may spend over 70%
of their lives out at sea.

They know the opportunities
offered by the open ocean

are endless.

The trick is how to make
the most of them.

BARKING

The sea lions have spent
a lot of energy to get here,

and the sardines they seek are
widely dispersed beneath them.

The hunters need to round them up.

Striped marlin arrive.

Up to four metres long

and with a deadly spear
on their nose,

they, too, are hunting.

Watched by the sea lions...

...the marlin go to work.

They herd the sardines
into a ball...

...and then drive them
up towards the surface.

This is what the sea lions
have been waiting for.

Fast and flexible,

the sea lions take advantage
of the marlin's efforts...

...and collect an easy meal.

These canny sea lions

have learnt how to let marlin
do the hard work.

But sea lions don't stay
permanently in water.

The Galapagos Islands.

Specks of land in the vast emptiness
of the Pacific Ocean.

Here, pregnant Galapagos sea lions

haul out on a beach to give birth.

BARKING

GRUNTS

PUP WHINES

Unable to swim
when it's newly born,

a pup relies completely
on its mother

for her care and her milk.

PUP WHINES

Within two weeks, thanks to the
richness of this milk,

it will be strong enough
to venture into the water.

But a newborn pup

is something of a shock
to its older brother.

For the last two years,

he's had his mother all to himself.

The new pup is a sure sign

that he must now find his own feet.

BLEATS

A sheltered inlet is a safe place
for pups and other juveniles

to build up their confidence.

Now, under the watchful eye
of a dominant bull...

...the young sea lions acquire
the skills they'll need

for a life at sea.

BARKS

But this is the time of year

when sea lions also mate.

GRUNTING

While the bull's attention
is elsewhere...

...the pup ventures beyond
the safety of the rock pool.

It's a mistake.

The waters surrounding the Galapagos

are patrolled by sharks.

The pup strays further
from the pool...

...while the bull is preoccupied.

The pup can outmanoeuvre
the shark...

...but not for long.

Alerted by the commotion...

...the bull takes action.

Weighing a quarter of a tonne,

the bull is more than a match
for the shark.

Biting at its tail,

he chases it away.

For the pup, it's an important
lesson learned.

BLEATS

Many others...

...are less fortunate.

Nearly half of these young sea lions

will not survive beyond
their second birthday.

This pup is safely back on land,

and not too old
for a reassuring cuddle.

GRUNTS SOFTLY

One small group of mammals, however,

have completely cut their ties
with the land.

WHALE SONG

Humpback whale calves can swim
from the moment they're born.

The warm coastal shallows
off Western Australia

provide excellent nurseries.

In their first few days,

mothers and babies
form a strong bond.

Tucked gently under her fin,

this mother gives her daughter

an early lesson
in holding its breath.

But they won't stay here for long.

The reef may be an excellent
place to give birth...

...but there's almost
nothing to eat here...

...so mothers and young

must now make the long journey
to richer waters around Antarctica.

But once they've left the safety
of the shallow reef

they are vulnerable.

A pod of orca...

...six strong,
patrols the migration route.

They are a formidable force.

But the humpback mother
puts her baby high on her back

to protect it...

...and then goes on
the attack herself.

Slashing her powerful tail

and long five-metre fins,

she could easily kill an orca.

But the orca have a plan.

Some of the pod distract
the mother...

...while others ram the calf.

Once it's separated...

...they drown it.

Since 1986,

when commercial whaling
was largely banned,

humpback numbers have risen here
from a few hundred

to more than 35,000.

With so many calves on the move,

some orca have specialised
in hunting them.

A small pod - just three.

The humpback calf they're pursuing

has more than just its mother
at its side.

It also has...

...a 40-tonne male.

This is a much bigger challenge.

But rather than give up...

...the orca bide their time.

The male humpback,

believing, perhaps,
that the orca have gone...

...now dives.

The killers seize their opportunity.

They kidnap the calf.

They appear to mimic
the mother's behaviour,

putting the young calf
on their backs

and carrying him along
in the slipstream.

Young and naive,

the calf goes willingly with them.

Now, far from his mother...

...the orca attack him.

During the months of migration,

the pod may kill as many
as five calves a day.

They catch so many

that sometimes they eat
no more than the tongue...

...and leave the rest
for the sharks.

This is what can happen

when prey is so abundant

and hunters have such skill.

False killer whales are less
than half the size of orcas...

...but they are equally clever.

They roam the ocean in groups
up to 50 strong.

Right now, they're on the hunt
for other mammals.

HIGH-PITCHED SQUEAKING

Ocean-going bottlenose dolphins.

But the false killers
aren't looking for prey.

These two groups
are old acquaintances.

In the waters around New Zealand,

they are almost always found
together.

Lifelong bonds within species
are common...

...but they are rarely seen
between different species.

Such friendships

between bottlenose dolphins
and false killers...

...have been documented
going back 20 years...

...so it's entirely possible
that individuals of both species

recognise each other.

They team up not only to play...

...but in order to hunt.

So, when one goes...

...they all go.

A huge school of kahawai fish.

The false killers
swim under the shoal...

...and drive it to the surface.

Here, the dolphins attack.

But despite helping,

the whales don't appear to feed.

For them,
the kahawai are just the bait.

The false killers know the commotion
will attract bigger fish.

Kingfish arrive.

They're up to ten times heavier
than the kahawai,

and one metre long.

Too big for the dolphins.

So, now it's the turn of the false
killer whales to feed.

They form small groups

and break up the school...

...and then go after the fish
that get separated.

Not all the whales make a catch.

But they won't go hungry.

Extraordinarily, the successful
hunters share their food.

By helping one another...

...they ensure that no-one
goes without.

Teamwork, intelligence
and cooperation

has enabled marine mammals
to flourish in the high seas.

But one part of the ocean is still
beyond the reach of most.

The deep.

Only a very few are capable
of venturing here.

A pod of sperm whales resting
near the surface.

They spend just 7%
of their lives asleep,

less than almost any other mammal.

But they're also waiting here

for another very special reason.

The birth of a baby.

CLICKING

Helped into the world
by supportive relatives,

the newborn is already
more than three metres long.

It will grow up surrounded
and protected by close family.

It thirsts for its mother's milk,

but the food the mother needs
in order to produce it

is 1,000 metres below,

far beyond the reach
of a young calf.

So, whilst the family
looks after the newborn...

...the mother sets off
in search of a meal.

Adult sperm whales may remain below,

holding their breath, for an hour.

As they descend, their bodies
change in an astonishing way.

The increasing pressure
squeezes their lungs

until they collapse completely.

To save oxygen,

their digestion,
kidney and liver shut down.

A special camera records
a rare and privileged view

of a hunting sperm whale,

sending out a stream of clicks

to detect prey
in the pitch blackness.

CLICKING

At this depth, they start
to hunt for giant squid.

As the whale closes in,

their clicks speed up.

RAPID CLICKING

A puff of ink is released
by the fleeing squid,

but the sperm whale isn't fooled...

...and the squid is eaten
in a last cloud of ink.

As this mother returns,

her calf, like all mammal babies,

has only one thing on its mind.

Milk.

It's growing faster now

than during its 16 months
in the womb.

And it will consume
up to 100 litres,

300,000 calories,

every day for the next two years.

To meet this demand,

its mother will have to dive
up to 15 times every day.

It is her ability to reach
such extreme depths

and turn what she eats
into rich milk

that will be the key
to her baby's success.

Today,

protected almost worldwide,

the outlook for this mother
and baby,

and all sperm whales,

is bright.

Even so, sperm whales
still face many threats.

Every year, enough fishing line
is lost in our oceans

to stretch to the moon and back...

...together with 20 million traps,

and carrying 14 billion hooks.

The whales become entangled
in these so-called "ghost nets".

The lines cut into their bodies...

...and the floats can prevent them
from diving.

Theirs is a slow
and agonising death.

We are now aware
of the threats we create.

Surely, we should now do everything
we can to prevent them.

The greatest challenge
for the Mammals team

was not only filming false
killer whales in New Zealand,

but trying for the first time

to place a data-recording
camera onto one.

With only 150 individuals somewhere
within 4,500 square miles,

just finding them
will be hard enough.

Luckily, they have the help
of Jochen Zaeschmar,

who has been studying
this group of whales

for the last 20 years.

He has a directional hydrophone,

with which he can hear the false
killer whales' whistles...

...but only from less
than ten miles away.

Nothing.

I was kind of hoping...
kind of hoping to hear something.

Cameraman Andre Rerekura
scans the horizon,

but picking out a fin in the open
ocean is no small feat.

The scale of the task ahead

is dawning on assistant producer
Kyle Swann.

Searching.
Searching, searching.

That's kind of the strategy,

but so far, no luck.

With only a brief few weeks

during which it's possible
to film them,

it's a disappointing start.

There's absolutely nothing.

Over the coming days,
the team search without pause.

Nothing.

Absolutely nothing.

Nothing again.

Still, keep trying.

They have spent 20 days
with no whales...

...but Andre spots something
promising in the distance.

There's a few birds,
but nothing crazy.

Yeah, well, that's where I heard
some faint whistles there.

Worth a look while we're here.

Ah, I've got something!

Whoa! We have a haul.
Oh, my God, yeah.

It's promising.
It looks...

I've seen a stumpy nose!

I think we've got falsies!

Whoa!
Falsies!

No way! Woohoo!

We have 'em!

HE LAUGHS

But with the sun setting

and the whales capable
of covering 100 miles a day,

the team hop on their liveaboard

to follow the whales overnight.

The crew takes turns on watch,

using their eyes and ears.

ANDRE: Yeah, we've pretty much
done circles all night.

We're in the same spot we found
them yesterday afternoon,

so they don't go far.

Like Jochen says, they just sleep.

So they've probably had
more sleep than us!

Falsies off the bow!
Big old falsies off the bow.

Woohoo-hoo!
There's one just here.

Oh, my God,
this is just amazing.

They're in a good mood.

A new dawn presents a new challenge.

Back on the filming boat,

the team follow the false killers
as they hunt.

No-one has ever recorded them
creating a bait ball before.

But the whales can swim at 20mph,

so Andre has brought
a little extra propulsion.

ANDRE: The scooter's a game-changer.

You can free-dive down with,
you know, a full lung of air,

all your energy,

and hold your breath for a minute
and a half to two minutes with ease.

The scooter lets him
keep up with false killers

and helps propel him swiftly
into the heart of the action.

Once the feeding frenzy is over,

the whales turn their attention
to Andre.

ANDRE: This incredible interaction.

It just... just made me
realise how amazing

and intelligent these animals are.

CLICKING

It was really unique
and really special.

That was... Woo!

I can't even explain that!

Having captured
this extraordinary behaviour,

the team switch to the most
difficult goal of the trip...

...to place a suction tag on a whale.

For 20 years,
Jochen has studied this group

of false killer whales,

but this would be a first.

The tag contains a camera
and a data collector.

Combined, they will give Jochen
new insights

into how these animals
spend their time underwater.

Getting close enough to attach a tag

will take every ounce of Jochen's
expertise and understanding.

Here they are.

While they're just chilled,
I'll just go in there real slow.

Hope to... Hope to get lucky.

OK, OK, OK, OK.

Beautiful, beautiful,
beautiful, beautiful.

OK.
No, no, no.

No. No, no, on the next one,
on the next one.

They're going down a bit.
We'll get them, we'll get them.

Trying to find
that perfect moment!

Heart's going through the roof!

JOCHEN: This is a bunch
of different males.

Let's see, though,
see how they like us.

They're all coming together now.

There's just so, so many factors.

The way the angle of the camera is,

where it comes up next to you.

I'm hopeful. It's hard work.

They're not making it easy.

As the wind drops,

the team have a brief
but perfect opportunity.

JOCHEN: So I'm just going to...

...ease my way over towards them.

Wait.

OK, this is it.

Yeah!
We did it! We did it!

We did it!

THEY LAUGH

Well done!

Woooo!

We did it. We did it!
I'm so happy!

THEY CHEER

It's not just the achievement
of getting the tag on,

it's the promise
of what it will reveal.

And that turns out
to be astounding.

Intimate food sharing

and new hunting strategies

have been recorded
for the very first time,

giving us a new perspective
on mammals' lives underwater.

Next time -
we venture into the cold.

A vast and unforgiving world...

BARKING AND GROWLING

...where mammals,
through sheer tenacity

and adapation...

...have found a way to make it home.