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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,933 --> 00:00:04,933 -- Captions by VITAC -- 2 00:00:01,933 --> 00:00:04,933 www.vitac.com 3 00:00:04,933 --> 00:00:07,933 CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY 4 00:00:04,933 --> 00:00:07,933 DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS 5 00:00:07,933 --> 00:00:10,233 ** 6 00:00:22,767 --> 00:00:25,933 Narrator: TODAY ON 7 00:00:22,767 --> 00:00:25,933 "HOW IT'S MADE"... 8 00:00:53,333 --> 00:00:54,933 THE INVENTION OF POLYURETHANE 9 00:00:54,933 --> 00:00:57,700 SKATEBOARD WHEELS 10 00:00:54,933 --> 00:00:57,700 IN THE EARLY 1970s 11 00:00:57,700 --> 00:01:00,833 SUDDENLY MADE JUMPS 12 00:00:57,700 --> 00:01:00,833 AND TIGHT CORNERING POSSIBLE 13 00:01:00,833 --> 00:01:04,300 BECAUSE THESE WHEELS HAD 14 00:01:00,833 --> 00:01:04,300 A BETTER GRIP ON RIDING SURFACES 15 00:01:04,300 --> 00:01:07,067 THAN THE OLD METAL 16 00:01:04,300 --> 00:01:07,067 OR CERAMIC WHEELS. 17 00:01:07,067 --> 00:01:08,233 THEY WERE MORE DURABLE, 18 00:01:08,233 --> 00:01:11,167 AND THE SHOCK ABSORPTION 19 00:01:08,233 --> 00:01:11,167 WAS GREATLY IMPROVED. 20 00:01:13,933 --> 00:01:16,833 SKATEBOARD WHEELS COME 21 00:01:13,933 --> 00:01:16,833 IN DIFFERENT SIZES, 22 00:01:16,833 --> 00:01:19,533 HARDNESS, COLORS 23 00:01:16,833 --> 00:01:19,533 AND GRAPHIC DESIGNS. 24 00:01:19,533 --> 00:01:21,567 FOR THE RIDER, 25 00:01:19,533 --> 00:01:21,567 THERE ARE MAY PRACTICAL 26 00:01:21,567 --> 00:01:24,767 AND AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS. 27 00:01:24,767 --> 00:01:29,067 MAKING SKATEBOARD WHEELS STARTS 28 00:01:24,767 --> 00:01:29,067 WITH A COMPUTER DESIGN. 29 00:01:29,067 --> 00:01:32,767 A DESIGNER USES THE SOFTWARE 30 00:01:29,067 --> 00:01:32,767 TO GUIDE CUTTING TOOLS. 31 00:01:32,767 --> 00:01:36,367 THE TOOLS CARVE 32 00:01:32,767 --> 00:01:36,367 INTO A SOLID ALUMINUM PUCK 33 00:01:36,367 --> 00:01:39,667 AND TRANSFORM IT 34 00:01:36,367 --> 00:01:39,667 INTO ONE HALF OF A WHEEL MOLD. 35 00:01:43,200 --> 00:01:46,100 NEXT, THE OTHER HALF 36 00:01:43,200 --> 00:01:46,100 OF THE MOLD TAKES SHAPE 37 00:01:46,100 --> 00:01:48,100 AS THE COMPUTERIZED 38 00:01:46,100 --> 00:01:48,100 TOOLING SCULPTS 39 00:01:48,100 --> 00:01:50,067 ANOTHER PUCK TO A PROFILE 40 00:01:50,067 --> 00:01:52,500 THAT FITS TO THE FIRST 41 00:01:50,067 --> 00:01:52,500 ONE PERFECTLY. 42 00:01:56,067 --> 00:02:00,300 NOT ALL OF THE SKATEBOARD WHEEL 43 00:01:56,067 --> 00:02:00,300 MOLDS ARE TWO-PART VERSIONS. 44 00:02:00,300 --> 00:02:02,633 OTHERS ARE ONE-PIECE STRUCTURES, 45 00:02:02,633 --> 00:02:07,200 EACH WITH A PIN IN THE CENTER 46 00:02:02,633 --> 00:02:07,200 TO FORM A BEARING CAVITY. 47 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:10,400 A NOZZLE DISPENSES FRESHLY 48 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:10,400 MIXED POLYURETHANE LIQUID 49 00:02:10,400 --> 00:02:12,900 INTO THE WHEEL MOLDS. 50 00:02:12,900 --> 00:02:15,867 THE LIQUID STARTS 51 00:02:12,900 --> 00:02:15,867 TO SOLIDIFY IMMEDIATELY. 52 00:02:17,933 --> 00:02:19,767 TO COMPLETE THE PROCESS, 53 00:02:19,767 --> 00:02:22,400 A WORKER LOADS 54 00:02:19,767 --> 00:02:22,400 THE POLYURETHANE-FILLED MOLDS 55 00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:24,133 INTO AN OVEN 56 00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:24,133 AND BAKES THEM 57 00:02:24,133 --> 00:02:28,133 AT ALMOST 240 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT 58 00:02:24,133 --> 00:02:28,133 FOR 40 MINUTES. 59 00:02:30,200 --> 00:02:33,733 DURING BAKING, ANY BUBBLES 60 00:02:30,200 --> 00:02:33,733 IN THE POLYURETHANE RISE 61 00:02:33,733 --> 00:02:35,700 TO THE TOP 62 00:02:33,733 --> 00:02:35,700 AND ARE DIFFUSED, 63 00:02:35,700 --> 00:02:40,233 LEAVING SOLID FORMS 64 00:02:35,700 --> 00:02:40,233 WITH NO WEAK SPOTS. 65 00:02:40,233 --> 00:02:43,300 WORKERS REMOVE THE PINS 66 00:02:40,233 --> 00:02:43,300 FROM THE MOLDS. 67 00:02:43,300 --> 00:02:45,500 THEN IT'S ON 68 00:02:43,300 --> 00:02:45,500 TO THE NEXT STATION. 69 00:02:49,300 --> 00:02:51,633 HERE, A WORKER 70 00:02:49,300 --> 00:02:51,633 BLASTS COMPRESSED AIR 71 00:02:51,633 --> 00:02:54,167 BETWEEN THE WHEELS 72 00:02:51,633 --> 00:02:54,167 AND THE MOLDS TO PRY 73 00:02:54,167 --> 00:02:56,600 THE WHEELS FREE 74 00:02:54,167 --> 00:02:56,600 AND POP THEM OUT. 75 00:02:59,067 --> 00:03:02,333 ANOTHER WORKER PROBES THE WHEEL 76 00:02:59,067 --> 00:03:02,333 USING A DUROMETER GAUGE 77 00:03:02,333 --> 00:03:04,367 TO ENSURE THE URETHANE HAS CURED 78 00:03:04,367 --> 00:03:07,167 TO THE RIGHT DEGREE OF HARDNESS. 79 00:03:07,167 --> 00:03:09,600 IF THE SAMPLE WHEEL 80 00:03:07,167 --> 00:03:09,600 IS SUFFICIENTLY HARD, 81 00:03:09,600 --> 00:03:12,533 THE BATCH IS READY 82 00:03:09,600 --> 00:03:12,533 FOR THE NEXT STEP. 83 00:03:12,533 --> 00:03:15,767 THE WORKER CLAMPS 84 00:03:12,533 --> 00:03:15,767 THE SKATEBOARD WHEEL IN A LATHE. 85 00:03:15,767 --> 00:03:17,233 THE LATHE SPINS THE WHEEL 86 00:03:17,233 --> 00:03:19,100 WHILE AN AUTOMATIC 87 00:03:17,233 --> 00:03:19,100 CUTTER CONTOURS 88 00:03:19,100 --> 00:03:22,367 THE EDGES TO A SOFTER, 89 00:03:19,100 --> 00:03:22,367 MORE ROUNDED PROFILE. 90 00:03:25,100 --> 00:03:28,367 TO GIVE THE SKATEBOARD 91 00:03:25,100 --> 00:03:28,367 WHEELS SOME VISUAL IMPACT, 92 00:03:28,367 --> 00:03:30,367 AN ARTISTS SELECTS 93 00:03:28,367 --> 00:03:30,367 AND ARRANGES GRAPHIC 94 00:03:30,367 --> 00:03:32,167 DESIGNS ON A COMPUTER. 95 00:03:34,300 --> 00:03:37,333 HE PRINTS A FILM NEGATIVE 96 00:03:34,300 --> 00:03:37,333 OF THE IMAGES HE'S CHOSEN. 97 00:03:39,367 --> 00:03:42,467 A WORKER WILL USE THIS NEGATIVE 98 00:03:39,367 --> 00:03:42,467 TO PRODUCE A PRINTING PLATE 99 00:03:42,467 --> 00:03:44,500 FROM A PIECE OF METAL 100 00:03:42,467 --> 00:03:44,500 THAT'S BEEN COATED 101 00:03:44,500 --> 00:03:48,167 WITH A LIGHT-SENSITIVE 102 00:03:44,500 --> 00:03:48,167 SUBSTANCE KNOWN AS EMULSION. 103 00:03:48,167 --> 00:03:50,200 HE PLACES THE FILM NEGATIVE 104 00:03:48,167 --> 00:03:50,200 ON THE PLATE 105 00:03:50,200 --> 00:03:52,633 INSIDE A UV LIGHT CHAMBER. 106 00:03:52,633 --> 00:03:56,367 HE CLOSES THE LID 107 00:03:52,633 --> 00:03:56,367 AND ACTIVATES THE UV LIGHT. 108 00:03:56,367 --> 00:03:58,467 THIS TRIGGERS 109 00:03:56,367 --> 00:03:58,467 A PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION 110 00:03:58,467 --> 00:04:01,767 THAT TRANSFERS THE IMAGE 111 00:03:58,467 --> 00:04:01,767 FROM THE NEGATIVE TO THE PLATE. 112 00:04:04,500 --> 00:04:07,267 THE WORKER THEN APPLIES 113 00:04:04,500 --> 00:04:07,267 A SOLUTION THAT REMOVES 114 00:04:07,267 --> 00:04:09,900 UNEXPOSED EMULSION AND, 115 00:04:07,267 --> 00:04:09,900 IN THE PROCESS, 116 00:04:09,900 --> 00:04:14,400 ETCHES THE IMAGE 117 00:04:09,900 --> 00:04:14,400 INTO THE PRINTING PLATE. 118 00:04:14,400 --> 00:04:16,633 HE RINSES OFF THE CHEMICALS. 119 00:04:19,600 --> 00:04:23,267 NEXT, HE DRIES THE PLATE 120 00:04:19,600 --> 00:04:23,267 TO REVEAL THE ETCHED ARTWORK. 121 00:04:25,600 --> 00:04:27,867 ANOTHER WORKER POSITIONS 122 00:04:25,600 --> 00:04:27,867 A MAGNETIZED 123 00:04:27,867 --> 00:04:29,400 INK CUP OVERVIEW THE IMAGE 124 00:04:29,400 --> 00:04:32,067 AND INSTALLS IT 125 00:04:29,400 --> 00:04:32,067 IN A PAD PRINTING MACHINE. 126 00:04:34,933 --> 00:04:37,833 AN OPERATOR LOADS SKATEBOARD 127 00:04:34,933 --> 00:04:37,833 WHEELS ONTO POSTS 128 00:04:37,833 --> 00:04:40,367 THAT INDEX THEM FORWARD 129 00:04:37,833 --> 00:04:40,367 FOR PRINTING. 130 00:04:44,433 --> 00:04:48,433 THE INK CUP DEPOSITS 131 00:04:44,433 --> 00:04:48,433 INK ON THE PRINTING PLATE. 132 00:04:48,433 --> 00:04:51,600 A SILICONE PAD PICKS UP 133 00:04:48,433 --> 00:04:51,600 THE INKED IMAGE AND STAMPS 134 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:54,067 IT ONTO THE SKATEBOARD WHEEL. 135 00:04:54,067 --> 00:04:57,067 THE OPERATOR REMOVES 136 00:04:54,067 --> 00:04:57,067 THE PRINTED WHEEL 137 00:04:57,067 --> 00:05:00,400 AND SETS IT ON A TRAY. 138 00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:01,833 A TECHNICIAN NOW CLAMPS 139 00:05:01,833 --> 00:05:03,700 ONE OF THE WHEELS 140 00:05:01,833 --> 00:05:03,700 IN A TESTING DEVICE, 141 00:05:03,700 --> 00:05:06,200 WHICH WILL GAUGE THE REBOUND. 142 00:05:06,200 --> 00:05:09,267 HE DROPS A METAL BALL 143 00:05:06,200 --> 00:05:09,267 ONTO THE WHEEL AND MEASURES 144 00:05:09,267 --> 00:05:12,967 HOW HIGH IT BOUNCES 145 00:05:09,267 --> 00:05:12,967 OR REBOUNDS. 146 00:05:12,967 --> 00:05:16,867 A HIGH REBOUND IS DESIRABLE. 147 00:05:16,867 --> 00:05:21,467 THESE SKATEBOARD WHEELS 148 00:05:16,867 --> 00:05:21,467 ARE NOW CLEARED FOR SHIPPING. 149 00:05:21,467 --> 00:05:25,200 A WORKER WRAPS THE WHEELS 150 00:05:21,467 --> 00:05:25,200 IN PLASTIC AND HEAT SHRINKS IT. 151 00:05:27,633 --> 00:05:31,633 IT TAKES ABOUT 3 DAYS 152 00:05:27,633 --> 00:05:31,633 TO MAKE THESE SKATEBOARD WHEELS. 153 00:05:31,633 --> 00:05:35,067 BUT HOW LONG THEY'LL 154 00:05:31,633 --> 00:05:35,067 LAST DEPENDS A LOT ON THE RIDER 155 00:05:35,067 --> 00:05:37,467 AND HOW HE OR SHE ROLLS. 156 00:05:37,467 --> 00:05:38,933 ** 157 00:05:49,967 --> 00:05:51,500 ** 158 00:05:55,233 --> 00:05:59,400 Narrator: 159 00:05:55,233 --> 00:05:59,400 GALAKTOBOUREKO AND BAKLAVA 160 00:05:55,233 --> 00:05:59,400 ARE TRADITIONAL GREEK DESSERTS. 161 00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:02,067 ALTHOUGH SEVERAL EUROPEAN 162 00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:02,067 AND MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES 163 00:06:02,067 --> 00:06:03,733 HAVE VERSIONS OF BAKLAVA, 164 00:06:03,733 --> 00:06:05,700 MOST CONSIST OF FILO PASTRY 165 00:06:05,700 --> 00:06:08,900 FILLED WITH NUTS DRENCHED 166 00:06:05,700 --> 00:06:08,900 IN HONEY OR SYRUP. 167 00:06:08,900 --> 00:06:11,733 GALAKTOBOUREKO IS FILO FILLED 168 00:06:08,900 --> 00:06:11,733 WITH CUSTARD 169 00:06:11,733 --> 00:06:15,300 AND COATED WITH SWEET SYRUP. 170 00:06:15,300 --> 00:06:18,100 THIS VARIETY OF BAKLAVA 171 00:06:15,300 --> 00:06:18,100 CALLED BURMA 172 00:06:18,100 --> 00:06:21,400 IS MADE NOT WITH FILO DOUGH, 173 00:06:18,100 --> 00:06:21,400 LIKE CLASSIC BAKLAVA, 174 00:06:21,400 --> 00:06:24,633 BUT WITH KATAIFI, 175 00:06:21,400 --> 00:06:24,633 SHREDDED WHEAT DOUGH. 176 00:06:24,633 --> 00:06:27,067 BURMA, LIKE CLASSIC 177 00:06:24,633 --> 00:06:27,067 FILO BAKLAVA, 178 00:06:27,067 --> 00:06:31,100 CONTAINS WHOLE PISTACHIOS, 179 00:06:27,067 --> 00:06:31,100 NEVER PISTACHIO POWDER. 180 00:06:31,100 --> 00:06:32,767 THIS BURMA CHEF POURS 181 00:06:32,767 --> 00:06:35,967 GRANULATED SUGAR OVER 182 00:06:32,767 --> 00:06:35,967 THE PISTACHIO KERNELS. 183 00:06:35,967 --> 00:06:38,600 NEXT, HE SPRINKLES ROSE WATER, 184 00:06:38,600 --> 00:06:40,967 ALTHOUGH THIS INGREDIENT 185 00:06:38,600 --> 00:06:40,967 IS OPTIONAL, 186 00:06:40,967 --> 00:06:43,067 THEN SYRUP MADE 187 00:06:40,967 --> 00:06:43,067 WITH SUGAR, 188 00:06:43,067 --> 00:06:45,600 WATER, CINNAMON AND NUTMEG 189 00:06:45,600 --> 00:06:47,500 AS WELL AS LEMON 190 00:06:45,600 --> 00:06:47,500 TO PREVENT THE SUGAR 191 00:06:47,500 --> 00:06:50,167 FROM LATER CRYSTALLIZING. 192 00:06:50,167 --> 00:06:53,067 HE MIXES BY HAND TO 193 00:06:50,167 --> 00:06:53,067 THOROUGHLY COAT THE KERNELS. 194 00:06:53,067 --> 00:06:57,967 THE KATAIFI IS MADE 195 00:06:53,067 --> 00:06:57,967 OF ALL-PURPOSE FLOUR, 196 00:06:57,967 --> 00:07:01,067 MILK AND WATER. 197 00:07:01,067 --> 00:07:04,533 THE CHEF LAYS OUT 198 00:07:01,067 --> 00:07:04,533 A SECTION OF DOUGH, 199 00:07:04,533 --> 00:07:06,500 THEN TAKES A HANDFUL 200 00:07:04,533 --> 00:07:06,500 OF PISTACHIO 201 00:07:06,500 --> 00:07:08,633 FILLING AND PLACES 202 00:07:06,500 --> 00:07:08,633 IT ON THE DOUGH, 203 00:07:08,633 --> 00:07:11,667 FORMING A LINE 204 00:07:08,633 --> 00:07:11,667 RUNNING DOWN THE MIDDLE. 205 00:07:11,667 --> 00:07:13,333 FOR A BURMA LOAF THIS SIZE, 206 00:07:13,333 --> 00:07:16,200 THE FILLING IS ABOUT 207 00:07:13,333 --> 00:07:16,200 AN INCH WIDE AND HIGH. 208 00:07:19,133 --> 00:07:22,800 HE FOLDS THE END CLOSED 209 00:07:19,133 --> 00:07:22,800 AND ROLLS THE DOUGH AT AN ANGLE 210 00:07:22,800 --> 00:07:24,267 DOWN THE LENGTH OF THE BURMA, 211 00:07:24,267 --> 00:07:27,400 TIGHTLY ENCASING 212 00:07:24,267 --> 00:07:27,400 THE FILLING AS HE GOES. 213 00:07:30,067 --> 00:07:33,300 AT THE END, HE FOLDS 214 00:07:30,067 --> 00:07:33,300 THE OPPOSITE END CLOSED. 215 00:07:33,300 --> 00:07:38,067 IT TAKES A BURMA CHEF MONTHS 216 00:07:33,300 --> 00:07:38,067 TO PERFECT THIS TECHNIQUE. 217 00:07:38,067 --> 00:07:41,833 HE PLACES IT ON A TRAY 218 00:07:38,067 --> 00:07:41,833 TO AIR-DRY FOR 24 HOURS 219 00:07:41,833 --> 00:07:46,067 TO ENSURE THE DOUGH 220 00:07:41,833 --> 00:07:46,067 MAINTAINS ITS ROLLED SHAPE. 221 00:07:46,067 --> 00:07:50,167 UNLIKE CLASSIC BAKLAVA, 222 00:07:46,067 --> 00:07:50,167 WHICH IS BAKED, BURMA IS FRIED. 223 00:07:50,167 --> 00:07:52,267 AND THE RISK OF 224 00:07:50,167 --> 00:07:52,267 BURNING THE PISTACHIOS 225 00:07:52,267 --> 00:07:54,067 MAKES THIS THE MOST TECHNICALLY 226 00:07:54,067 --> 00:07:56,733 CHALLENGING TYPE 227 00:07:54,067 --> 00:07:56,733 OF BAKLAVA TO MAKE. 228 00:07:56,733 --> 00:07:58,567 THE CHEF FRIES THE LOAVES 229 00:07:58,567 --> 00:08:00,267 FOR 3 MINUTES IN OIL HEATED 230 00:08:00,267 --> 00:08:02,800 TO AROUND 231 00:08:00,267 --> 00:08:02,800 350 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT, 232 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:05,233 TURNING THEM 233 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:05,233 ONCE PER MINUTE. 234 00:08:05,233 --> 00:08:09,133 HE LETS THE OIL DRAIN 235 00:08:05,233 --> 00:08:09,133 OFF FOR HALF AN HOUR. 236 00:08:09,133 --> 00:08:11,367 THEN, HE POURS 237 00:08:09,133 --> 00:08:11,367 WARM CARAMELIZED 238 00:08:11,367 --> 00:08:12,967 SUGAR OVER THE LOAVES 239 00:08:12,967 --> 00:08:15,333 AND LETS THEM SOAK 240 00:08:12,967 --> 00:08:15,333 FOR 20 MINUTES. 241 00:08:15,333 --> 00:08:17,333 THE SUGAR-TO-WATER RATIO 242 00:08:17,333 --> 00:08:19,200 AND THE BOILING TIME 243 00:08:17,333 --> 00:08:19,200 OF THE CARAMELIZED 244 00:08:19,200 --> 00:08:21,900 SUGAR HAVE TO BE JUST RIGHT. 245 00:08:21,900 --> 00:08:24,333 OTHERWISE, IT WILL BECOME 246 00:08:21,900 --> 00:08:24,333 EITHER TOO HARD 247 00:08:24,333 --> 00:08:28,200 OR TO GOOEY WHEN IT COOLS. 248 00:08:28,200 --> 00:08:30,167 AFTER LETTING 249 00:08:28,200 --> 00:08:30,167 THE EXCESS DRAIN OFF, 250 00:08:30,167 --> 00:08:34,900 THE LOAVES REST 251 00:08:30,167 --> 00:08:34,900 FOR ABOUT 3 HOURS. 252 00:08:34,900 --> 00:08:37,400 THEN THE CHEF ROLLS 253 00:08:34,900 --> 00:08:37,400 THE LOAF TO FLATTEN 254 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:38,867 OUT THE BUMPS 255 00:08:38,867 --> 00:08:41,567 AND SLICES 256 00:08:38,867 --> 00:08:41,567 IT INTO EQUAL PIECES. 257 00:08:45,267 --> 00:08:46,967 BUT IF THERE'S 258 00:08:45,267 --> 00:08:46,967 A PROTRACTED BATTLE 259 00:08:46,967 --> 00:08:51,233 WAGING BETWEEN YOUR SWEET 260 00:08:46,967 --> 00:08:51,233 TOOTH AND YOUR WILLPOWER, 261 00:08:51,233 --> 00:08:52,633 YOU'VE GOT PLENTY OF TIME 262 00:08:52,633 --> 00:08:54,900 TO WORK YOUR WAY 263 00:08:52,633 --> 00:08:54,900 THROUGH A BOX OF BURMA 264 00:08:54,900 --> 00:08:57,833 BECAUSE IT STAYS 265 00:08:54,900 --> 00:08:57,833 FRESH FOR 2 WEEKS. 266 00:09:02,067 --> 00:09:03,867 TO MAKE GALAKTOBOUREKO, 267 00:09:03,867 --> 00:09:06,700 THE CHEF BEGINS 268 00:09:03,867 --> 00:09:06,700 WITH TWO INGREDIENTS, 269 00:09:06,700 --> 00:09:10,167 MILK AND SEMOLINA. 270 00:09:10,167 --> 00:09:12,233 AFTER BRINGING THE MILK 271 00:09:10,167 --> 00:09:12,233 TO A BOIL, 272 00:09:12,233 --> 00:09:14,267 HE GRADUALLY ADDS THE SEMOLINA 273 00:09:14,267 --> 00:09:17,200 WHILE WHISKING AND LOWERING 274 00:09:14,267 --> 00:09:17,200 THE TEMPERATURE. 275 00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:21,167 ONCE THE MIX THICKENS, 276 00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:21,167 HE SETS IT ASIDE TO COOL. 277 00:09:21,167 --> 00:09:25,300 IN A SEPARATE BOWL, 278 00:09:21,167 --> 00:09:25,300 THE CHEF WHISKS EGGS, 279 00:09:25,300 --> 00:09:27,300 ADDS VANILLA, 280 00:09:27,300 --> 00:09:29,600 THEN LEMON OR ORANGE RIND. 281 00:09:29,600 --> 00:09:34,133 OTHER OPTIONS ARE ORANGE 282 00:09:29,600 --> 00:09:34,133 BLOSSOM OR ROSE WATER EXTRACT. 283 00:09:34,133 --> 00:09:37,500 HE TRANSFERS THE INGREDIENTS 284 00:09:34,133 --> 00:09:37,500 TO AN ELECTRIC MIXER, 285 00:09:37,500 --> 00:09:39,100 ADDS BUTTER AND SUGAR. 286 00:09:39,100 --> 00:09:42,267 THEN HE ADDS THE SEMOLINA 287 00:09:39,100 --> 00:09:42,267 AND MILK MIXTURE. 288 00:09:42,267 --> 00:09:44,567 THIS MIXTURE MUST BE COOL 289 00:09:44,567 --> 00:09:48,300 SO THAT THE EGGS DON'T COOK. 290 00:09:48,300 --> 00:09:50,367 ONCE EVERYTHING 291 00:09:48,300 --> 00:09:50,367 IS THOROUGHLY BLENDED, 292 00:09:50,367 --> 00:09:53,367 THE GALAKTOBOUREKO 293 00:09:50,367 --> 00:09:53,367 CUSTARD IS READY. 294 00:09:56,433 --> 00:09:59,600 THE CHEF NOW TURNS HIS ATTENTION 295 00:09:56,433 --> 00:09:59,600 TO THE FILO DOUGH. 296 00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:01,967 HE STACKS 24 297 00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:01,967 PARCHMENT-THIN SHEETS 298 00:10:01,967 --> 00:10:05,667 OF FILO AND SLICES 299 00:10:01,967 --> 00:10:05,667 THEM INTO SQUARES. 300 00:10:05,667 --> 00:10:07,567 HE PLACES ONE SCOOPFUL 301 00:10:05,667 --> 00:10:07,567 OF CUSTARD 302 00:10:07,567 --> 00:10:09,133 IN THE CENTER OF EACH SQUARE. 303 00:10:09,133 --> 00:10:13,067 THE TRADITIONAL GREEK WAY 304 00:10:09,133 --> 00:10:13,067 IS TO ROLL THE SQUARES 305 00:10:13,067 --> 00:10:16,100 OR BAKE A LARGE GALAKTOBOUREKO 306 00:10:13,067 --> 00:10:16,100 IN A PAN 307 00:10:16,100 --> 00:10:18,300 AND THEN CUT IT 308 00:10:16,100 --> 00:10:18,300 INTO SQUARES. 309 00:10:18,300 --> 00:10:20,633 HOWEVER, THIS CHEF FOLDS 310 00:10:18,300 --> 00:10:20,633 OVER EACH SQUARE 311 00:10:20,633 --> 00:10:24,133 TO MAKE LEBANESE-STYLE 312 00:10:20,633 --> 00:10:24,133 TRIANGLES. 313 00:10:24,133 --> 00:10:27,200 HE DOUSES THE TOP 314 00:10:24,133 --> 00:10:27,200 WITH CLARIFIED BUTTER, 315 00:10:27,200 --> 00:10:30,200 BUTTER THAT'S BEEN BOILED 316 00:10:27,200 --> 00:10:30,200 TO SEPARATE OUT THE SOLIDS 317 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:32,300 AND LEAVE JUST THE OIL. 318 00:10:32,300 --> 00:10:33,667 THEN HE BAKES THE PASTRIES 319 00:10:33,667 --> 00:10:38,367 FOR 45 MINUTES 320 00:10:33,667 --> 00:10:38,367 AT 325 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. 321 00:10:38,367 --> 00:10:40,100 THE GOLDEN-BAKED TOP SHINES 322 00:10:40,100 --> 00:10:42,533 THANKS TO THE CLARIFIED BUTTER. 323 00:10:42,533 --> 00:10:45,933 THE CHEF COOKS THE SAME SYRUP 324 00:10:42,533 --> 00:10:45,933 HE MADE FOR THE BAKLAVA, 325 00:10:45,933 --> 00:10:47,833 SUGAR, WATER, CINNAMON, 326 00:10:47,833 --> 00:10:49,333 NUTMEG AND LEMON 327 00:10:49,333 --> 00:10:50,700 AND GENEROUSLY DRIZZLES 328 00:10:50,700 --> 00:10:53,967 THE MIXTURE ALL OVER 329 00:10:50,700 --> 00:10:53,967 THE GALAKTOBOUREKOS. 330 00:10:53,967 --> 00:10:56,667 HE SPRINKLES ON CINNAMON 331 00:10:53,967 --> 00:10:56,667 FOR TRADITIONAL FLAVOR 332 00:10:56,667 --> 00:10:59,767 AND SOME CRUSHED PISTACHIOS 333 00:10:56,667 --> 00:10:59,767 FOR DECORATION. 334 00:11:07,633 --> 00:11:09,233 ** 335 00:11:12,933 --> 00:11:16,167 Narrator: THE ANNUAL APPLE 336 00:11:12,933 --> 00:11:16,167 HARVEST IS JUST 2 MONTHS LONG. 337 00:11:16,167 --> 00:11:19,100 TO KEEP APPLES FRESH 338 00:11:16,167 --> 00:11:19,100 IN STORAGE FOR SEVERAL MONTHS, 339 00:11:19,100 --> 00:11:21,467 GROWERS LOWER THE STOREROOM 340 00:11:19,100 --> 00:11:21,467 OXYGEN LEVEL 341 00:11:21,467 --> 00:11:23,767 TO PUT THE APPLES 342 00:11:21,467 --> 00:11:23,767 INTO HIBERNATION. 343 00:11:23,767 --> 00:11:27,700 THEN THEY USE MACHINES 344 00:11:23,767 --> 00:11:27,700 CALLED CO2 SCRUBBERS TO ABSORB 345 00:11:27,700 --> 00:11:31,567 AND REMOVE THE CARBON DIOXIDE 346 00:11:27,700 --> 00:11:31,567 GAS THE APPLES GIVE OFF. 347 00:11:33,433 --> 00:11:35,333 THIS CO2 SCRUBBER PULLS AIR 348 00:11:35,333 --> 00:11:38,400 FROM THE AIRTIGHT APPLE STORAGE 349 00:11:35,333 --> 00:11:38,400 ROOM THROUGH CARBON PELLETS, 350 00:11:38,400 --> 00:11:41,433 WHICH ABSORB THE CO2 351 00:11:38,400 --> 00:11:41,433 GAS MOLECULES. 352 00:11:41,433 --> 00:11:44,367 THE MACHINE THEN BLOWS 353 00:11:41,433 --> 00:11:44,367 THE CO2-FREE AIR 354 00:11:44,367 --> 00:11:46,667 BACK INTO THE ROOM. 355 00:11:46,667 --> 00:11:50,667 WORKERS BUILD THE MACHINE'S 356 00:11:46,667 --> 00:11:50,667 FRAME OUT OF TUBULAR STEEL. 357 00:11:50,667 --> 00:11:52,900 THE FRAME SUPPORTS 358 00:11:50,667 --> 00:11:52,900 ALL THE COMPONENTS, 359 00:11:52,900 --> 00:11:56,400 INCLUDING TWO SEALED VESSELS 360 00:11:52,900 --> 00:11:56,400 FILLED WITH CARBON PELLETS. 361 00:11:56,400 --> 00:11:59,667 THE FIRST VESSEL 362 00:11:56,400 --> 00:11:59,667 STARTS ABSORBING CO2, 363 00:11:59,667 --> 00:12:01,433 A PROCESS CALLED SCRUBBING, 364 00:12:01,433 --> 00:12:03,800 UNTIL ITS PELLETS 365 00:12:01,433 --> 00:12:03,800 ARE SATURATED. 366 00:12:03,800 --> 00:12:06,900 THEN THE SECOND VESSEL 367 00:12:03,800 --> 00:12:06,900 TAKES OVER THE SCRUBBING. 368 00:12:06,900 --> 00:12:09,067 THE FIRST VESSEL 369 00:12:06,900 --> 00:12:09,067 AUTOMATICALLY KICKS 370 00:12:09,067 --> 00:12:10,867 INTO A REGENERATION CYCLE, 371 00:12:10,867 --> 00:12:13,567 WHICH BLOWS FRESH AIR 372 00:12:10,867 --> 00:12:13,567 THROUGH THE PELLETS 373 00:12:13,567 --> 00:12:15,767 TO REMOVE THE CO2 MOLECULES 374 00:12:15,767 --> 00:12:17,833 AND EXHAUST THEM 375 00:12:15,767 --> 00:12:17,833 OUT THE BUILDING. 376 00:12:17,833 --> 00:12:20,233 WHEN THE SECOND VESSEL'S 377 00:12:17,833 --> 00:12:20,233 PELLETS MAX OUT, 378 00:12:20,233 --> 00:12:22,333 VESSEL ONE RESUMES SCRUBBING 379 00:12:22,333 --> 00:12:25,267 WHILE VESSEL TWO REGENERATES. 380 00:12:25,267 --> 00:12:27,133 TO CONSTRUCT EACH VESSEL, 381 00:12:27,133 --> 00:12:30,500 WORKERS WELD A STEEL SHEET 382 00:12:27,133 --> 00:12:30,500 INTO A CIRCULAR SHAPE, 383 00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:33,667 THEN WELD ON A BASE 384 00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:33,667 AND A TOP RING. 385 00:12:33,667 --> 00:12:35,900 THE RING HAS HOLES 386 00:12:33,667 --> 00:12:35,900 ALONG ITS PERIMETER 387 00:12:35,900 --> 00:12:37,600 FOR BOLTING ON A LID. 388 00:12:37,600 --> 00:12:39,100 THEY USE A RING TEMPLATE 389 00:12:39,100 --> 00:12:41,867 TO MAKE CORRESPONDING 390 00:12:39,100 --> 00:12:41,867 HOLES IN THE LID, 391 00:12:41,867 --> 00:12:46,467 MAKING THE EXACT CENTER 392 00:12:41,867 --> 00:12:46,467 OF EACH HOLE WITH A PUNCH TOOL. 393 00:12:46,467 --> 00:12:49,633 THEN A WORKER MOUNTS 394 00:12:46,467 --> 00:12:49,633 THE LID ON A FIXTURE 395 00:12:49,633 --> 00:12:51,333 AND FOLLOWING THOSE MARKS, 396 00:12:51,333 --> 00:12:54,833 USES AN AUTOMATED STEEL 397 00:12:51,333 --> 00:12:54,833 PUNCH TO PERFORATE THE STEEL. 398 00:13:01,233 --> 00:13:02,800 THE VESSELS GO TO 399 00:13:01,233 --> 00:13:02,800 THE PAINT BOOTH 400 00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:04,767 FOR A COAT OF POWDER PAINT, 401 00:13:04,767 --> 00:13:07,800 THEN INTO AN OVEN 402 00:13:04,767 --> 00:13:07,800 TO BAKE THE PAINT. 403 00:13:07,800 --> 00:13:09,900 WHEN THEY COME OUT, 404 00:13:07,800 --> 00:13:09,900 THE VESSELS ARE READY 405 00:13:09,900 --> 00:13:13,067 TO BE FILLED WITH CARBON 406 00:13:09,900 --> 00:13:13,067 PELLETS AND SEALED. 407 00:13:15,833 --> 00:13:19,667 ONCE FILLED TO THE TOP, 408 00:13:15,833 --> 00:13:19,667 WORKERS LAY IN A STEEL BAFFLE. 409 00:13:21,967 --> 00:13:25,567 ITS HOLES EVENLY DISTRIBUTE 410 00:13:21,967 --> 00:13:25,567 AIR PASSING THROUGH THE VESSEL. 411 00:13:27,067 --> 00:13:29,400 A WORKER THEN PLACES 412 00:13:27,067 --> 00:13:29,400 A FOAM RUBBER GASKET 413 00:13:29,400 --> 00:13:33,167 AROUND THE PERIMETER 414 00:13:33,167 --> 00:13:35,467 AND BOLTS ON THE LID TIGHTLY. 415 00:13:35,467 --> 00:13:38,633 THIS SEALS THE VESSEL 416 00:13:35,467 --> 00:13:38,633 AND PREVENTS THE AIR 417 00:13:38,633 --> 00:13:41,167 BEING BLOWN THROUGH IT 418 00:13:38,633 --> 00:13:41,167 FROM LEAKING OUT. 419 00:13:41,167 --> 00:13:43,600 THE SEALED LID 420 00:13:41,167 --> 00:13:43,600 ALSO PREVENTS OXYGEN 421 00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:45,333 FROM GETTING INTO THE MACHINE 422 00:13:45,333 --> 00:13:48,467 AND FROM THERE INTO 423 00:13:45,333 --> 00:13:48,467 THE APPLE STORAGE ROOM. 424 00:13:48,467 --> 00:13:50,633 NEXT, WORKERS INSTALL THE PVC 425 00:13:50,633 --> 00:13:51,900 PIPING THAT FEEDS AIR 426 00:13:51,900 --> 00:13:55,367 THROUGH THE VESSELS 427 00:13:51,900 --> 00:13:55,367 ALONG WITH TWO BLOWERS. 428 00:13:55,367 --> 00:13:58,067 ONE BLOWER PULLS AIR 429 00:13:55,367 --> 00:13:58,067 FROM THE APPLE STORAGE ROOM 430 00:13:58,067 --> 00:14:00,167 INTO THE MACHINE FOR SCRUBBING. 431 00:14:00,167 --> 00:14:03,200 THE OTHER SENDS IT BACK 432 00:14:00,167 --> 00:14:03,200 TO THE ROOM AFTER SCRUBBING. 433 00:14:05,333 --> 00:14:09,133 THE AIR FLOW THROUGH THE PIPES 434 00:14:05,333 --> 00:14:09,133 IS CONTROLLED BY VALVES, 435 00:14:09,133 --> 00:14:13,067 WHICH ARE WIRED TO THE MACHINE'S 436 00:14:09,133 --> 00:14:13,067 ELECTRICAL PANEL. 437 00:14:13,067 --> 00:14:16,800 THAT ELECTRICAL PANEL, 438 00:14:13,067 --> 00:14:16,800 CONSISTING OF RELAYS, PUMPS, 439 00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:19,100 GAS ANALYZERS 440 00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:19,100 AND A TOUCH SCREEN, 441 00:14:19,100 --> 00:14:22,567 IS BUILT IN-HOUSE 442 00:14:19,100 --> 00:14:22,567 IN ACCORDANCE 443 00:14:22,567 --> 00:14:24,300 WITH THE REQUIRED 444 00:14:22,567 --> 00:14:24,300 ELECTRICAL STANDARDS 445 00:14:24,300 --> 00:14:26,433 OF THE CUSTOMER'S COUNTRY. 446 00:14:26,433 --> 00:14:29,500 THE PANEL IS WIRED 447 00:14:26,433 --> 00:14:29,500 TO A COMPUTER 448 00:14:29,500 --> 00:14:32,167 WHICH CONTROLS 449 00:14:29,500 --> 00:14:32,167 THE ENTIRE OPERATION. 450 00:14:35,767 --> 00:14:38,567 THEN A WORKER INSTALLS 451 00:14:35,767 --> 00:14:38,567 AN ELECTRICAL BOX 452 00:14:38,567 --> 00:14:40,467 INTO THE MACHINE'S FRAME. 453 00:14:45,933 --> 00:14:47,967 AND HE INSTALLS 454 00:14:45,933 --> 00:14:47,967 THE ELECTRICAL PANEL 455 00:14:47,967 --> 00:14:50,500 INSIDE THE BOX. 456 00:14:54,933 --> 00:14:58,333 NEXT, THE WORKER CONNECTS 457 00:14:54,933 --> 00:14:58,333 THE WIRES TO THE VALVES, 458 00:14:58,333 --> 00:15:01,533 INSTALLS THE TOUCH SCREEN 459 00:14:58,333 --> 00:15:01,533 AND HOOKS IT UP TO THE COMPUTER. 460 00:15:01,533 --> 00:15:04,267 THE TOUCH SCREEN 461 00:15:01,533 --> 00:15:04,267 LETS THE MACHINE'S OPERATOR 462 00:15:04,267 --> 00:15:08,200 PROGRAM OXYGEN 463 00:15:04,267 --> 00:15:08,200 AND CO2 TARGET LEVELS 464 00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:11,433 SPECIFIC TO THE TYPE OF APPLE 465 00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:11,433 STORED IN THE ROOM. 466 00:15:11,433 --> 00:15:12,867 THIS IS CRITICAL, 467 00:15:12,867 --> 00:15:16,800 AS DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF APPLES 468 00:15:12,867 --> 00:15:16,800 GIVE OFF MORE CO2 THAN OTHERS. 469 00:15:19,067 --> 00:15:20,700 HOW DOES IT ALL WORK? 470 00:15:20,700 --> 00:15:22,633 THE GROWER STACKS 471 00:15:20,700 --> 00:15:22,633 BINS OF APPLES 472 00:15:22,633 --> 00:15:25,133 IN AN AIRTIGHT STOREROOM. 473 00:15:25,133 --> 00:15:27,933 A NITROGEN GENERATOR 474 00:15:25,133 --> 00:15:27,933 FEEDS IN NITROGEN 475 00:15:27,933 --> 00:15:32,167 TO REDUCE THE ROOM'S OXYGEN 476 00:15:27,933 --> 00:15:32,167 LEVEL TO 1.8%. 477 00:15:32,167 --> 00:15:33,467 WHEN THAT HAPPENS, 478 00:15:33,467 --> 00:15:36,167 THE NITROGEN FEED 479 00:15:33,467 --> 00:15:36,167 AUTOMATICALLY STOPS, 480 00:15:36,167 --> 00:15:41,067 AND THE CONTINUOUS CO2 SCRUBBING 481 00:15:36,167 --> 00:15:41,067 AUTOMATICALLY BEGINS. 482 00:15:41,067 --> 00:15:43,267 MANY GROWERS HAVE IN-HOUSE LABS 483 00:15:43,267 --> 00:15:46,100 WHICH CONDUCT QUALITY 484 00:15:43,267 --> 00:15:46,100 CONTROL TESTS ON SAMPLES 485 00:15:46,100 --> 00:15:48,067 TAKEN FROM EACH LOT 486 00:15:46,100 --> 00:15:48,067 OF SCRUBBED APPLES 487 00:15:48,067 --> 00:15:50,767 COMING OUT OF STORAGE. 488 00:15:50,767 --> 00:15:53,100 NO APPLES WOULD PASS 489 00:15:50,767 --> 00:15:53,100 THESE TESTS AFTER 490 00:15:53,100 --> 00:15:54,767 THE 2-MONTH HARVEST SEASON 491 00:15:54,767 --> 00:15:57,667 IF NOT FOR THE CO2 SCRUBBERS. 492 00:15:57,667 --> 00:16:00,500 CO2 SCRUBBERS LENGTHEN 493 00:15:57,667 --> 00:16:00,500 AN APPLE'S FRESHNESS 494 00:16:00,500 --> 00:16:02,067 BY ABOUT 8 MONTHS, 495 00:16:02,067 --> 00:16:05,967 MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO BITE INTO 496 00:16:02,067 --> 00:16:05,967 CRISPY APPLES YEAR-ROUND. 497 00:16:14,267 --> 00:16:15,767 ** 498 00:16:19,667 --> 00:16:22,067 NARRATOR: HONEYCOMB CANDLES ARE 499 00:16:19,667 --> 00:16:22,067 GLOWING REMINDERS 500 00:16:22,067 --> 00:16:24,333 OF THE CLEVERNESS 501 00:16:22,067 --> 00:16:24,333 OF THE HONEYBEE. 502 00:16:24,333 --> 00:16:27,400 THESE CANDLES ARE EMBOSSED 503 00:16:24,333 --> 00:16:27,400 WITH A HEXAGONAL PATTERN 504 00:16:27,400 --> 00:16:31,067 THAT MIMICS THE CELL STRUCTURES 505 00:16:27,400 --> 00:16:31,067 BEES BUILD TO STORE THEIR HONEY. 506 00:16:31,067 --> 00:16:32,967 AND INTERESTINGLY, 507 00:16:31,067 --> 00:16:32,967 THESE CANDLES 508 00:16:32,967 --> 00:16:35,667 ARE ACTUALLY MADE 509 00:16:32,967 --> 00:16:35,667 FROM THE WAX FOUNDATION SHEETS 510 00:16:35,667 --> 00:16:38,400 USED FOR BEEKEEPERS' 511 00:16:35,667 --> 00:16:38,400 HIVE FRAMES. 512 00:16:38,400 --> 00:16:41,200 ** 513 00:16:41,200 --> 00:16:44,067 HONEYCOMB CANDLES CREATE 514 00:16:41,200 --> 00:16:44,067 A CERTAIN AMBIANCE. 515 00:16:44,067 --> 00:16:45,400 THEY SHINE BRIGHTLY. 516 00:16:45,400 --> 00:16:46,800 AND THE HEXAGONAL PATTERN 517 00:16:46,800 --> 00:16:50,333 THAT'S BORROWED FROM THE BEES 518 00:16:46,800 --> 00:16:50,333 ADDS VISUAL INTEREST. 519 00:16:50,333 --> 00:16:52,733 THE CANDLE MAKERS 520 00:16:50,333 --> 00:16:52,733 START WITH BEESWAX 521 00:16:52,733 --> 00:16:55,067 THAT HAS HAD 522 00:16:52,733 --> 00:16:55,067 THE IMPURITIES FILTERED OUT 523 00:16:55,067 --> 00:16:56,833 AND HAS BEEN BLEACHED. 524 00:16:56,833 --> 00:16:59,067 A WORKER FIRST POURS THE BEESWAX 525 00:16:59,067 --> 00:17:03,633 INTO A BIG GAS-HEATED KETTLE 526 00:16:59,067 --> 00:17:03,633 UNTIL IT MELTS. 527 00:17:03,633 --> 00:17:04,933 IT ONLY TAKES AROUND 1/10 528 00:17:04,933 --> 00:17:06,333 OF AN OUNCE OF POWDERED DYE 529 00:17:06,333 --> 00:17:09,767 TO TINT THE BIG VAT OF WAX. 530 00:17:09,767 --> 00:17:12,067 HE MEASURES 531 00:17:09,767 --> 00:17:12,067 THE AMOUNT CAREFULLY. 532 00:17:14,433 --> 00:17:16,400 THE WORKER ADDS THE DYE AND, 533 00:17:16,400 --> 00:17:18,833 AS IT DISSOLVES 534 00:17:16,400 --> 00:17:18,833 IN THE LIQUID BEESWAX, 535 00:17:18,833 --> 00:17:21,367 HE STIRS IT TO DISTRIBUTE 536 00:17:18,833 --> 00:17:21,367 IT EVENLY. 537 00:17:23,700 --> 00:17:25,200 HE THEN OPENS A VALVE, 538 00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:28,633 AND THE WAX FLOWS INTO 539 00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:28,633 A TROUGH BENEATH A LARGE DRUM. 540 00:17:31,567 --> 00:17:35,200 THIS DRUM IS COOLED 541 00:17:31,567 --> 00:17:35,200 BY A SYSTEM OF CHILLERS. 542 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:37,933 AS IT ROTATES, 543 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:37,933 IT PICKS UP THE WAX. 544 00:17:37,933 --> 00:17:40,400 AND THE WAX SOLIDIFIES 545 00:17:37,933 --> 00:17:40,400 ON CONTACT 546 00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:42,800 WITH THE DRUM'S COOL SURFACE. 547 00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:44,833 THE SYSTEM THEN PULLS 548 00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:44,833 THE WAX SHEETS 549 00:17:44,833 --> 00:17:49,133 THROUGH A NARROW APERTURE 550 00:17:44,833 --> 00:17:49,133 TO SQUEEZE IT THINNER. 551 00:17:49,133 --> 00:17:50,700 AT THIS POINT, 552 00:17:49,133 --> 00:17:50,700 THE CONSISTENCY 553 00:17:50,700 --> 00:17:54,167 OF THE WAX IS SIMILAR 554 00:17:50,700 --> 00:17:54,167 TO THAT OF TAFFY. 555 00:17:54,167 --> 00:17:57,500 BUT UNLIKE TAFFY, 556 00:17:54,167 --> 00:17:57,500 IT'S NOT VERY STICKY, 557 00:17:57,500 --> 00:18:01,067 SO THE LAYERS DON'T ADHERE 558 00:17:57,500 --> 00:18:01,067 WHEN ROLLED ONTO A SHAFT. 559 00:18:03,633 --> 00:18:05,600 THE NEXT MEMBER OF THE TEAM 560 00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:08,467 NOW PREPARES A BATH 561 00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:08,467 OF WARM WATER AND SOAP. 562 00:18:10,533 --> 00:18:14,700 HE THEN LOOSENS UP 563 00:18:10,533 --> 00:18:14,700 THE COIL OF BEESWAX BY HAND. 564 00:18:14,700 --> 00:18:17,467 THE ROLL SLACKENS. 565 00:18:17,467 --> 00:18:18,967 THE WAX LAYERS SEPARATE, 566 00:18:18,967 --> 00:18:21,333 LEAVING SPACES BETWEEN THEM. 567 00:18:23,767 --> 00:18:26,067 HE IMMERSES THE WAX 568 00:18:23,767 --> 00:18:26,067 IN WARM WATER. 569 00:18:26,067 --> 00:18:28,500 AND IT FLOWS 570 00:18:26,067 --> 00:18:28,500 BETWEEN THE LAYERS. 571 00:18:28,500 --> 00:18:30,833 THE WARM WATER 572 00:18:28,500 --> 00:18:30,833 SOFTENS THE EDGES 573 00:18:30,833 --> 00:18:32,900 AS A THINNING MACHINE 574 00:18:30,833 --> 00:18:32,900 REDUCES THE THICKNESS 575 00:18:32,900 --> 00:18:36,500 OF THE WAX BY HALF. 576 00:18:36,500 --> 00:18:37,833 USING BLOCKS OF ICE, 577 00:18:37,833 --> 00:18:40,500 THE OPERATOR THEN COOLS 578 00:18:37,833 --> 00:18:40,500 THE SOFTENED WAX 579 00:18:40,500 --> 00:18:43,733 TO FIRM IT UP AGAIN. 580 00:18:43,733 --> 00:18:47,533 HE CONSTANTLY ADDS LIQUID 581 00:18:43,733 --> 00:18:47,533 SOAP FOR LUBRICATION. 582 00:18:47,533 --> 00:18:50,600 THIS KEEPS THE BEESWAX MOVING 583 00:18:47,533 --> 00:18:50,600 THROUGH THE THINNING MACHINE 584 00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:52,467 AND PREVENTS SNAGS. 585 00:18:54,600 --> 00:18:57,067 USING A MEASURING INSTRUMENT 586 00:18:54,600 --> 00:18:57,067 CALLED A CALIPER, 587 00:18:57,067 --> 00:18:59,533 HE GAUGES THE THICKNESS 588 00:18:57,067 --> 00:18:59,533 OF THE WAX TO CONFIRM 589 00:18:59,533 --> 00:19:02,100 THAT IT'S 0.16 590 00:18:59,533 --> 00:19:02,100 OF A CENTIMETER. 591 00:19:04,567 --> 00:19:07,767 NEXT, THE OPERATOR REMOVES 592 00:19:04,567 --> 00:19:07,767 THE ROLL OF BEESWAX 593 00:19:07,767 --> 00:19:10,533 FROM THE THINNING MACHINE 594 00:19:07,767 --> 00:19:10,533 SPINDLE AND TRANSFERS IT 595 00:19:10,533 --> 00:19:12,667 TO THE SPINDLE 596 00:19:10,533 --> 00:19:12,667 FOR THE NEXT MACHINE. 597 00:19:14,667 --> 00:19:17,700 THIS MACHINE PULLS THE WAX 598 00:19:14,667 --> 00:19:17,700 THROUGH A BATH OF ICY WATER 599 00:19:17,700 --> 00:19:20,067 TO FIRM IT UP EVEN MORE. 600 00:19:20,067 --> 00:19:21,467 THIS WILL TOP THE WAX 601 00:19:21,467 --> 00:19:23,733 FROM STICKING 602 00:19:21,467 --> 00:19:23,733 TO EMBOSSING ROLLERS 603 00:19:23,733 --> 00:19:27,767 THAT NOW IMPRESS 604 00:19:23,733 --> 00:19:27,767 THE HEXAGONAL PATTERN ONTO IT. 605 00:19:27,767 --> 00:19:29,267 EACH OF THE EMBOSSING ROLLERS 606 00:19:29,267 --> 00:19:33,500 IS STUDDED WITH 3,500 607 00:19:29,267 --> 00:19:33,500 HEXAGONAL-SHAPED RIVETS. 608 00:19:33,500 --> 00:19:37,067 THEY STAMP THE PATTERN 609 00:19:33,500 --> 00:19:37,067 ONTO BOTH SIDES OF THE WAX. 610 00:19:37,067 --> 00:19:40,267 A BLADE SLICES THE EMBOSSED 611 00:19:37,067 --> 00:19:40,267 BEESWAX INTO SHEETS 612 00:19:40,267 --> 00:19:44,567 THAT ARE 16 INCHES IN LENGTH. 613 00:19:44,567 --> 00:19:47,100 THE SHEETS PASS 614 00:19:44,567 --> 00:19:47,100 UNDER ANOTHER ROLLER. 615 00:19:47,100 --> 00:19:50,133 AND THIS ONE PROPELS THEM 616 00:19:47,100 --> 00:19:50,133 OFF THE TRACK. 617 00:19:50,133 --> 00:19:52,167 THE SHEETS ARE BRIEFLY AIRBORNE 618 00:19:52,167 --> 00:19:54,500 AND THEN, 619 00:19:52,167 --> 00:19:54,500 THEY LAND IN A NEAT STACK. 620 00:19:54,500 --> 00:19:56,300 ** 621 00:20:02,367 --> 00:20:04,133 TO MAKE THEM INTO CANDLES, 622 00:20:04,133 --> 00:20:06,333 ANOTHER MEMBER OF THE TEAM 623 00:20:04,133 --> 00:20:06,333 CUTS THE SHEETS 624 00:20:06,333 --> 00:20:09,667 TO THE DESIRED LENGTH AND WIDTH. 625 00:20:09,667 --> 00:20:11,400 THE DIMENSIONS 626 00:20:09,667 --> 00:20:11,400 WILL VARY DEPENDING ON 627 00:20:11,400 --> 00:20:13,667 THE SIZE OF 628 00:20:11,400 --> 00:20:13,667 THE CANDLES TO BE MADE. 629 00:20:16,767 --> 00:20:18,833 LEFTOVER REMNANTS 630 00:20:16,767 --> 00:20:18,833 WILL BE MELTED DOWN 631 00:20:18,833 --> 00:20:20,600 TO MAKE NEW CANDLES. 632 00:20:22,633 --> 00:20:26,000 THESE BEESWAX SHEETS ARE NOW 633 00:20:22,633 --> 00:20:26,000 READY TO BE ROLLED BY HAND. 634 00:20:28,133 --> 00:20:29,400 THE CANDLE MAKER PLACES 635 00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:33,333 A COTTON WICK 636 00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:33,333 ON ONE EDGE OF THE SHEET. 637 00:20:33,333 --> 00:20:36,200 SHE THEN WRAPS THE WAX 638 00:20:33,333 --> 00:20:36,200 AROUND THE WICK, 639 00:20:36,200 --> 00:20:38,900 APPLYING GENTLE PRESSURE 640 00:20:36,200 --> 00:20:38,900 AS SHE WORKS. 641 00:20:40,967 --> 00:20:43,167 SHE PRESSES THE LAYERS 642 00:20:40,967 --> 00:20:43,167 FIRMLY TOGETHER 643 00:20:43,167 --> 00:20:45,000 BECAUSE THE TIGHTER THE ROLL, 644 00:20:45,000 --> 00:20:46,733 THE LONGER THE CANDLE WILL BURN. 645 00:20:48,700 --> 00:20:50,767 AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, 646 00:20:48,700 --> 00:20:50,767 THE WAX IS WARM, 647 00:20:50,767 --> 00:20:53,367 SO THE LAYERS 648 00:20:50,767 --> 00:20:53,367 OF THE CANDLE ADHERE. 649 00:20:55,700 --> 00:20:59,233 FINALLY, SHE PACKAGES THEM 650 00:20:55,700 --> 00:20:59,233 IN PLASTIC CELLOPHANE 651 00:20:59,233 --> 00:21:02,733 AND APPLIES 652 00:20:59,233 --> 00:21:02,733 ALL THE NECESSARY LABELS. 653 00:21:02,733 --> 00:21:04,633 THESE HONEYCOMB BEESWAX CANDLES 654 00:21:04,633 --> 00:21:06,767 ARE NOW READY 655 00:21:04,633 --> 00:21:06,767 TO LIGHT UP A SPACE 656 00:21:06,767 --> 00:21:08,933 AND HELP SET THE MOOD. 657 00:21:08,933 --> 00:21:11,567 THEY SHOULD BURN 658 00:21:08,933 --> 00:21:11,567 FOR 8 OR 9 HOURS 659 00:21:11,567 --> 00:21:14,100 OR UNTIL IT'S TIME 660 00:21:11,567 --> 00:21:14,100 TO CALL IT A NIGHT. 40409

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