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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,870 --> 00:00:04,052 Lots of different ways to use the internet, we all know that. 2 00:00:04,052 --> 00:00:08,479 But I want to cover one of the more prevalent ways that people access 3 00:00:08,479 --> 00:00:10,745 the internet, through the web. 4 00:00:10,745 --> 00:00:13,992 All websites can be accessed through the web. 5 00:00:13,992 --> 00:00:18,893 Websites are basically text documents that we format with HTML or 6 00:00:18,893 --> 00:00:21,140 HyperText Markup Language. 7 00:00:21,140 --> 00:00:24,169 It's a coding language used by web browsers. 8 00:00:24,169 --> 00:00:28,214 Web pages are generally made up of very basic components. 9 00:00:28,214 --> 00:00:33,320 They contain multimedia content like text, images, audio and video. 10 00:00:33,320 --> 00:00:36,712 When you want to navigate to a website, 11 00:00:36,712 --> 00:00:41,070 you would type in URL like, www.reddit.com. 12 00:00:41,070 --> 00:00:42,744 A URL which stands for 13 00:00:42,744 --> 00:00:48,630 Uniform Resource Locator is just a web address similar to a home address. 14 00:00:48,630 --> 00:00:53,610 Notice the www in the URL, it stands for World Wide Web. 15 00:00:53,610 --> 00:00:58,610 The second portion, reddit.com is something we call a domain name. 16 00:00:58,610 --> 00:01:02,260 Anyone can register a domain name, it's just our website name. 17 00:01:02,260 --> 00:01:05,552 Once a name is taken it will be registered to ICANN, 18 00:01:05,552 --> 00:01:09,405 the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. 19 00:01:09,405 --> 00:01:12,125 Once a domain name is registered with, ICANN, 20 00:01:12,125 --> 00:01:16,145 no one else can take that name unless it becomes available again. 21 00:01:16,145 --> 00:01:19,785 The last part of the URL, in this case is dot com. 22 00:01:19,785 --> 00:01:25,260 But you can also use different domain endings like reddit.net or reddit.org. 23 00:01:25,260 --> 00:01:28,046 The different domain name endings are standards for 24 00:01:28,046 --> 00:01:29,830 what type of website it might be. 25 00:01:29,830 --> 00:01:35,340 So a domain that ends in .edu is mainly used for educational institutions. 26 00:01:35,340 --> 00:01:39,070 Remember how computers use IP addresses to find another computer. 27 00:01:39,070 --> 00:01:43,350 Well, you can do the same if you wanted to find a computer on the internet. 28 00:01:43,350 --> 00:01:51,183 Let's go ahead and type 172.217.6.46 into a web browser and hit enter. 29 00:01:51,183 --> 00:01:53,041 Wait a minute, what happened? 30 00:01:53,041 --> 00:01:54,970 How come we're at Google's homepage? 31 00:01:54,970 --> 00:02:01,142 It turns out the IP address 172.217.6.46 maps to Google's 32 00:02:01,142 --> 00:02:07,030 homepage through a critical web protocol Domain Name System or DNS. 33 00:02:07,030 --> 00:02:10,220 DNS acts like our internet directory. 34 00:02:10,220 --> 00:02:14,720 And let's just use human readable way words to map to an IP address. 35 00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:17,340 The computer doesn't know what Google.com is. 36 00:02:17,340 --> 00:02:20,960 It only knows how to get to an IP address with DNS. 37 00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:24,560 It's able to map google's IP address with Google.com. 38 00:02:24,560 --> 00:02:28,870 Every time you go on a website, your computer is performing a DNS look up to 39 00:02:28,870 --> 00:02:32,590 find the IP address of the website name you typed in. 40 00:02:32,590 --> 00:02:37,700 This trick can be a good first step in diagnosing certain kinds of DNS issues. 41 00:02:37,700 --> 00:02:41,570 So if you're able to access a website by its IP address but 42 00:02:41,570 --> 00:02:46,647 not its human readable domain name, then there's a good bet that there's 43 00:02:46,647 --> 00:02:51,988 probably a problem somewhere in the DNS configuration your network is using. 44 00:02:51,988 --> 00:02:56,870 Understanding IP addresses can come in handy in all sorts of other situations you 45 00:02:56,870 --> 00:02:59,686 might encounter as an IT support specialist. 46 00:02:59,686 --> 00:03:03,848 The source of internet requests are usually identified by IP addresses in 47 00:03:03,848 --> 00:03:04,670 server logs. 48 00:03:04,670 --> 00:03:07,652 Many pieces of IT infrastructure need to have some 49 00:03:07,652 --> 00:03:11,640 kind of IP address configuration applied to them in order to work. 50 00:03:11,640 --> 00:03:15,922 DNS is a huge system and we'll be discussing more about it later. 51 00:03:15,922 --> 00:03:18,876 Now that you understand the basics of how the internet works. 52 00:03:18,876 --> 00:03:22,792 I'll sign off for now, and leave you in the very capable hands of my friend and 53 00:03:22,792 --> 00:03:24,255 colleague Jeone Spicuzza. 54 00:03:24,255 --> 00:03:28,095 I'll see you again in course to the bits and bytes of computer networking. 55 00:03:28,095 --> 00:03:29,806 But in the next lessons, 56 00:03:29,806 --> 00:03:34,546 Jeone is going to talk about the incredible boom of the internet age. 5335